Siklosa - Cyclosa - Wikipedia
| Siklosa | |
|---|---|
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| Internet qoldiqlari o'rgimchak (Siklosa insulanasi) | |
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| Kamuflyaj qilingan C. oktotuberculata | |
Ilmiy tasnif  | |
| Qirollik: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Artropoda |
| Subfilum: | Chelicerata |
| Sinf: | Araxnida |
| Buyurtma: | Araneya |
| Qoidabuzarlik: | Araneomorfalar |
| Oila: | Araneidae |
| Tur: | Siklosa Menge, 1866 yil |
| Tur turlari | |
| C. konika (Pallas, 1772) | |
| Turlar | |
180, matnni ko'ring | |
| Sinonimlar[1] | |
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Siklosadeb nomlangan axlat qutisi orbweavers,[2] a tur ning o'rgimchak o'rgimchaklar birinchi tomonidan tasvirlangan Anton Menge 1866 yilda.[3] Dunyo bo'ylab keng tarqalgan, o'rgimchak Siklosa a bilan nisbatan kichik orb tarmoqlarini qurish veb-bezatish. Veb-bezak Siklosa o'rgimchaklar ko'pincha chiziqli bo'lib, o'lja qoldiqlari va boshqa qoldiqlarni o'z ichiga oladi, ular o'rgimchakni kamuflyaj qilish uchun xizmat qiladi. "Siklosa" nomi yunoncha "aylana bo'ylab harakatlanish" dan kelib chiqqan bo'lib, uning veb-tarmog'ini qanday aylantirayotganiga ishora qiladi.[2]
Ko'pgina orb-web o'rgimchaklari o'lja kutayotganda o'z veblarida pastga qarab tursa, ba'zilari Siklosa turlari (masalan.) C. ginnaga va C. argenteoalba) yuqoriga qarab.[4]
Taniqli a'zolar
Siklosa argenteoalba
Siklosa argenteoalba ikkita turdagi veb-saytlarni, an'anaviy yopishqoq o'rgimchak to'rini va faqat bir nechta iplardan iborat dam oluvchi vebni quradi. Qo'ziqorin lichinkasi bilan yuqtirilganda Reclinervellus nielseni, o'rgimchak dam oladigan vebni qurish uchun xatti-harakatni yoqadi.[5] Keyin lichinka o'rgimchakni yeydi va tugatish uchun vebdan foydalanadi metamorfoz.[6]
Siklosa tremula
Bitta kichik tur Gayana ostida tasvirlangan nomli dubium C. tremula qora va oq naqshga ega va u qoldiqlardan yaratgan kulrang "o'rgimchak o'rgimchaklari" bilan o'rgimchak to'ri markazida joylashgan. Agar o'rgimchak bezovta bo'lsa, u tanasini titraydi, shunda qora va oq yamalar kul rangga aylanib, soxta o'rgimchaklarga o'xshaydi.[7]
Siklosa turbinata
C. turbinata asosan qorong'ulik paytida yopishqoq va yopishqoq bo'lmagan iplardan foydalanadigan to'r shaklidagi to'rlarni yaratish bilan mashhur. Siklosa turbinata Spiral g'ildirak shaklidagi to'rida u o'ziga xosdir, shuningdek, "axlat" to'rini yaratadi, bu o'lja tana go'shti, detritus va ba'zida tuxum qutilari kabi turli xil tarkibiy qismlardan iborat. Ushbu axlat qutisi yirtqichlarga o'z vebidagi o'rgimchakni topishda to'sqinlik qiladigan ko'rinadi.[iqtibos kerak ]
Turlar
Cyclosa sp. shimoliy Kvinslendda, Avstraliyada
2019 yil aprel oyidan boshlab[yangilash] u 180 turni o'z ichiga oladi:[1]
- C. alayoni Levi, 1999 yil - Kuba, Puerto-Riko
- C. alba Tanikava, 1992 yil - Yaponiya
- C. albisternis Simon, 1888 yil - Hindiston (materik, Andaman Is.). Gavayi bilan tanishtirildi
- C. albopunctata Kulchzinskiy, 1901 yil - Afrika, Yangi Gvineya, Yangi Kaledoniya
- C. algerika Simon, 1885 yil - O'rta er dengizi
- C. anatipes (Keyserling, 1887) - Avstraliya (Kvinslend), Palau
- C. andinas Levi, 1999 yil - Kolumbiya, Ekvador
- C. angusta Tanikava, 1992 yil - Yaponiya
- C. apoblepta (Kamalak, 1916) - Avstraliya (Kvinslend)
- C. argentaria (Kamalak, 1916) - Avstraliya (Kvinslend)
- C. argentata Tanikava va Ono, 1993 yil - Tayvan
- C. argenteoalba Bösenberg va Strand, 1906 yil - Xitoy, Koreya, Tayvan, Yaponiya, Rossiya (Uzoq Sharq)?
- C. atrata Bösenberg va Strand, 1906 yil - Xitoy, Koreya, Yaponiya, Rossiya (Uzoq Sharq)?
- C. baakea Barrion va Litsinger, 1995 yil - Filippinlar
- C. bacilliformis Simon, 1908 yil - Avstraliya (G'arbiy Avstraliya)
- C. banawensis Barrion va Litsinger, 1995 yil - Filippinlar
- C. berlandi Levi, 1999 yil - AQSh, Ekvadorga Hispaniola
- C. bianxori Yin, Vang, Xie va Peng, 1990 yil - Xitoy
- C. bifida (Doleschall, 1859) - Hindistondan Filippinlarga, Yangi Gvineya
- C. bifurcata (Valckenaer, 1841) - Kosta-Rika, Argentinaga Hispaniola
- C. bihamata Zhang, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 yil - Xitoy
- C. bilobata Sen, Saha va Raychaudxuri, 2012 yil - Hindiston
- C. bituberculata Bisvas va Raychaudxuri, 1998 yil - Bangladesh
- C. bulla Tanikava va Petcharad, 2018 yil - Tailand, Singapur, Bruney
- C. bulleri (Trell, 1881) - Yangi Gvineya
- C. kajamarca Levi, 1999 yil - Peru
- C. kaligata (Trell, 1890) - Indoneziya (Sumatra)
- C. kamargoi Levi, 1999 yil - Braziliya
- C. kelgindi (Trell, 1878) - Seyshel orollari, Yangi Gvineya
- C. karoli (Xentz, 1850) - AQSh, Karib havzasidan Boliviyaga
- S santrifaciens Xingston, 1927 yil - Myanma
- C. sentrodlar (Trell, 1887) - Hindistondan Singapurgacha
- C. sefalodina Song & Liu, 1996 yil - Xitoy
- C. chichawatniensis Muxtor va Mushtaq, 2005 yil - Pokiston
- C. circumlucens Simon, 1907 yil - Gvineya-Bisau, San-Tome va Printsip
- C. concolor Caporiacco, 1933 yil - Liviya
- C. konfraga (Trell, 1892) - Hindiston, Bangladesh - Malayziya
- C. konfusa Bösenberg va Strand, 1906 yil - Xitoy, Koreya, Tayvan, Yaponiya
- C. konika (Pallas, 1772) - Shimoliy Amerika, Evropa, Turkiya, Kavkaz, Rossiya (Evropadan Uzoq Sharqqa), Eron, Markaziy Osiyo, Xitoy
- C. konigera F. O. Pikkard-Kembrij, 1904 yil - Meksika - Gonduras
- C. coylei Levi, 1999 yil - Meksika, Gvatemala
- C. cucurbitoria (Yin, Vang, Xie va Peng, 1990) - Xitoy, Tailand
- C. cucurbitula Simon, 1900 yil - Gavayi
- C. kuriraba Levi, 1999 yil - Boliviya
- C. cylindrata Yin, Zhu & Vang, 1995 yil - Xitoy
- C. cilindrifaciens Xingston, 1927 yil - Myanma
- C. damingensis Xie, Yin va Kim, 1995 yil - Xitoy
- C. deserticola Levi, 1998 yil - Misr, Isroil
- C. dianasilvae Levi, 1999 yil - Ekvador, Peru
- C. diversa (O. Pikkard-Kembrij, 1894) - Meksika, Kubadan Argentinaga
- C. sho'ng'iydi Simon, 1877 yil - Xitoy, Filippinlar
- C. donking Levi, 1999 yil - Boliviya
- C. dosbukolea Barrion va Litsinger, 1995 yil - Filippinlar
- C. durango Levi, 1999 yil - Meksika
- C. elongata Bisvas va Raychaudxuri, 1998 yil - Bangladesh
- C. espumoso Levi, 1999 yil - Braziliya
- C. fililineata Xingston, 1932 yil - Panamadan Argentinaga
- C. formosa Karsch, 1879 yil - G'arbiy Afrika
- C. formosana Tanikava va Ono, 1993 yil - Tayvan
- C. fuliginata (L. Koch, 1872) - Avstraliya (Yangi Janubiy Uels, Viktoriya)
- C. ginnaga Yaginuma, 1959 yil - Xitoy, Koreya, Tayvan, Yaponiya
- C. gossypiata Kesvani, 2013 yil - Hindiston
- C. groppalii Pesarini, 1998 yil - Ispaniya (Balear orolini o'z ichiga oladi), Gretsiya (Krit)
- C. gulinensis Xie, Yin va Kim, 1995 yil - Xitoy
- C. haiti Levi, 1999 yil - Hispaniola, Yamayka, Puerto-Riko (Mona Is.)
- C. hamulata Tanikava, 1992 yil - Rossiya (Uzoq Sharq), Yaponiya
- C. hexatuberculata Tikader, 1982 yil - Hindiston, Pokiston
- C. hova Strand, 1907 yil - Madagaskar
- C. huila Levi, 1999 yil - Kolumbiya
- C. imias Levi, 1999 yil - Kuba
- C. inca Levi, 1999 yil - Kolumbiyadan Argentinaga
- C. informis Yin, Zhu & Vang, 1995 yil - Xitoy
- C. insulana (Kosta, 1834) - O'rta er dengizi Yaponiyaga, Hindiston Papua-Yangi Gvineyaga, Avstraliyaga
- C. ipilea Barrion va Litsinger, 1995 yil - Filippinlar
- C. jalapa Levi, 1999 yil - Meksika
- C. yaponika Bösenberg va Strand, 1906 yil - Rossiya (Uzoq Sharq), Xitoy, Koreya, Tayvan, Yaponiya
- C. Joze Levi, 1999 yil - Kosta-Rika
- C. kashmirica Caporiacco, 1934 yil - Qoraqum
- C. kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910 yil - Markaziy, Sharqiy Afrika, Seyshel orollari
- C. koi Tanikava va Ono, 1993 yil - Tayvan
- C. krusa Barrion va Litsinger, 1995 yil - Pokiston, Hindiston, Filippinlar
- C. kumadai Tanikava, 1992 yil - Rossiya (Uzoq Sharq), Koreya, Yaponiya
- C. latikauda Bösenberg va Strand, 1906 yil - Xitoy, Koreya, Tayvan, Yaponiya
- C. lawrencei Caporiacco, 1949 yil - Keniya
- C. libertad Levi, 1999 yil - Ekvador, Peru
- C. likenis (Kamalak, 1916) - Avstraliya (Kvinslend)
- C. litoralis (L. Koch, 1867) - Samoa, Fidji, Taiti
- C. longicauda (Taczanowski, 1878) - Kolumbiyadan Argentinaga
- C. machadinyo Levi, 1999 yil - Braziliya, Argentina
- C. maderiana Kulchzinskiy, 1899 yil - Madeyra, Kanareyka.
- C. maritima Tanikava, 1992 yil - Yaponiya
- C. mavaca Levi, 1999 yil - Kolumbiya, Venesuela
- C. meruensis Tullgren, 1910 yil - Sharqiy Afrika
- C. mikula (Trell, 1892) - Hindiston, Singapur
- C. minora Yin, Zhu & Vang, 1995 yil - Xitoy
- Mokoa Levi, 1999 yil - Kolumbiya
- C. mohini Dyal, 1935 yil - Pokiston
- C. monteverde Levi, 1999 yil - Kosta-Rika, Panama
- C. monticola Bösenberg va Strand, 1906 yil - Xitoy, Koreya, Tayvan, Yaponiya, Rossiya (Uzoq Sharq)?
- C. moonduensis Tikader, 1963 yil - Hindiston
- C. morretes Levi, 1999 yil - Braziliya
- C. mulmeinensis (Trell, 1887) - Osiyo (Rossiyasiz)
- C. neilensis Tikader, 1977 yil - Hindiston (Andaman Is.)
- C. Nevada Levi, 1999 yil - Kolumbiya
- C. nigra Yin, Vang, Xie va Peng, 1990 yil - Xitoy, Vetnam
- C. tugun (O. Pikkard-Kembrij, 1889) - Gvatemaladan Kosta-Rikaga
- C. norihisai Tanikava, 1992 yil - Xitoy, Yaponiya
- C. oatesi (Trell, 1892) - Hindiston (Andaman Is.)
- C. oktotuberculata Karsch, 1879 yil - Xitoy, Koreya, Tayvan, Yaponiya
- C. okulata (Walckenaer, 1802) - Evropa, Kavkaz, Rossiya (Evropadan Uzoq Sharqqa), Markaziy Osiyo, Xitoy
- C. odateana Kishida, 1915 yil - Yaponiya
- C. ojeda Levi, 1999 yil - Kyurasao
- C. okumae Tanikava, 1992 yil - Rossiya (Uzoq Sharq), Koreya, Yaponiya
- C. olivenca Levi, 1999 yil - Braziliya
- C. olorina Simon, 1900 yil - Gavayi
- C. omonaga Tanikava, 1992 yil - Xitoy, Koreya, Tayvan, Yaponiya
- C. onoi Tanikava, 1992 yil - Xitoy, Yaponiya
- C. oseret Levi, 1999 yil - Braziliya
- C. otsomarka Barrion va Litsinger, 1995 yil - Filippinlar
- C. pantanal Levi, 1999 yil - Braziliya
- C. parangdivlar Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 yil - Xitoy
- C. parangmulmeinensis Barrion va Litsinger, 1995 yil - Filippinlar
- C. parangtarugoa Barrion va Litsinger, 1995 yil - Filippinlar
- C. paupercula Simon, 1893 yil - Borneo
- C. pedropalo Levi, 1999 yil - Kolumbiya
- C. pellaxoidlar Roewer, 1955 yil - Singapur
- C. pentatuberculata Yin, Zhu & Vang, 1995 yil - Xitoy
- C. perkinsi Simon, 1900 yil - Gavayi
- C. picchu Levi, 1999 yil - Peru
- C. pichilinque Levi, 1999 yil - Meksika
- C. poweri (Kamalak, 1916) - Avstraliya (Yangi Janubiy Uels)
- C. pseudoculata Shenkel, 1936 yil - Xitoy
- C. psylla (Trell, 1887) - Myanma, Yaponiya
- C. punktata Keyserling, 1879 yil - Braziliya
- C. punjabiensis Ghafoor & Beg, 2002 yil - Pokiston
- C. purnai Kesvani, 2013 yil - Hindiston
- C. pusilla Simon, 1880 yil - Yangi Kaledoniya
- C. quinqueguttata (Trell, 1881) - Hindiston, Butan, Myanma, Xitoy, Tayvan
- C. reniformis Chju, Lian va Chen, 2006 yil - Xitoy
- C. rombotsefala (Trell, 1881) - Avstraliya (Kvinslend)
- C. rostrata Chjou va Chjan, 2017 yil - Xitoy
- C. rubronigra Caporiacco, 1947 yil - Kosta-Rikadan Braziliyaga
- C. sachikoae Tanikava, 1992 yil - Yaponiya, Xitoy
- C. saismarka Barrion va Litsinger, 1995 yil - Pokiston, Filippinlar
- C. sanctibenedicti (Vinson, 1863) - Reunion
- C. santafe Levi, 1999 yil - Kolumbiya
- C. sedekulata Karsch, 1879 yil - Xitoy, Koreya, Yaponiya
- C. sentikauda Chju va Vang, 1994 yil - Xitoy
- C. serena Levi, 1999 yil - Chili, Argentina
- Seriata (Trell, 1881) - Indoneziya (Java)
- C. shinoharai Tanikava va Ono, 1993 yil - Tayvan
- C. sierrae Simon, 1870 yil - Janubiy Evropa, Vengriya, Ukraina, Turkiya, Kavkaz, Eron
- C. simoni Tikader, 1982 yil - Hindiston
- C. simplicicauda Simon, 1900 yil - Gavayi
- Siklosa s. rufesenslar Simon, 1900 yil - Gavayi
- C. spirifera Simon, 1889 yil - Hindiston, Pokiston
- C. tamanaco Levi, 1999 yil - Trinidad
- C. tapetifaciens Xingston, 1932 yil - Panamadan Argentinaga
- C. kechikishlar (Trell, 1895) - Myanma
- Siklosa t. ignava (Trell, 1895) - Myanma
- C. tauraai Berland, 1933 yil - Frantsiya Polineziyasi (Marquesas Is., Society Is.)
- C. teresa Levi, 1999 yil - Braziliya
- C. uch rangli (Leardi, 1902) - Filippinlar
- C. trilobata (Urquhart, 1885) - Avstraliya, Tasmaniya, Yangi Zelandiya
- C. uchburchak Tullgren, 1910 yil - Sharqiy Afrika
- C. triquetra Simon, 1895 yil - Meksika, Karib havzasi - Peru
- C. tropica Bisvas va Raychaudxuri, 1998 yil - Bangladesh
- C. tuberascens Simon, 1906 yil - Hindiston
- C. turbinata (Valckenaer, 1841) - AQSh Panama, G'arbiy Hindiston, Galapagos oroliga. Gavayi bilan tanishtirildi
- C. turvo Levi, 1999 yil - Braziliya
- C. vallata (Keyserling, 1886) - Xitoy, Koreya, Tayvan, Yaponiya, Papua-Yangi Gvineya, Avstraliya (Kvinslend)
- C. vankhedensis Dhande, Bodxe va Ahmad, 2017 yil - Hindiston
- C. vicente Levi, 1999 yil - Kolumbiya, Braziliya, Argentina
- C. vieirae Levi, 1999 yil - Peru, Braziliya
- C. Walckenaeri (O. Pikkard-Kembrij, 1889) - AQSh Gayana, Karib dengizi
- C. voyangchuan Zhang, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 yil - Xitoy
- C. ksantomelalar Simon, 1900 yil - Gavayi
- C. yaginumai Bisvas va Raychaudxuri, 1998 yil - Bangladesh
- C. zhangmuensis Xu va Li, 1987 yil - Xitoy
- C. zhui Chjou va Chjan, 2017 yil - Xitoy
Adabiyotlar
- ^ a b "General Cyclosa Menge, 1866". Jahon o'rgimchak katalogi. Tabiat tarixi muzeyi Bern. Olingan 2019-05-13.
- ^ a b "Sikloza turi". BugGuide. Olingan 2019-05-13.
- ^ Menge, A. (1866). "Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig". Dantsigdagi Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.
- ^ Nakata, Kensuke; Zschokke, Samuel (2010). "Tepadan pastga o'rgimchaklar teskari orb to'rlarini hosil qiladi: veb-assimetriya, o'rgimchakka yo'nalish va ishlash tezligi Siklosa". Qirollik jamiyati materiallari B. Qirollik jamiyati. 277 (1696): 3019–3025. doi:10.1098 / rspb.2010.0729. PMC 2982030. PMID 20462900.
- ^ Takasuka, Keyzo; Yasui, Tomoki; Ishigami, Toru; Nakata, Kensuke; Matsumoto, Rikio; Ikeda, Kenichi; Maeto, Kaoru (2015-08-01). "Ichnexmonidli o'rgimchak ektoparazitoid tomonidan xost manipulyatsiyasi, bu pillani himoya qilish uchun oldindan dasturlashtirilgan veb-qurilish harakatlaridan foydalanadi". Eksperimental biologiya jurnali. 218 (15): 2326–2332. doi:10.1242 / jeb.122739. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 26246608.
- ^ Arielle Dyuxaym-Ross (2015 yil 6-avgust). "Zombi o'rgimchak, qonini so'rib oladigan parazit ari uchun kuchli tarmoq quradi". The Verge. Olingan 2015-09-14.
- ^ Oksford, GS.; Gillespi, R.G. (1998). "O'rgimchak ranglanishi evolyutsiyasi va ekologiyasi". Entomologiyaning yillik sharhi. 43: 619–643. doi:10.1146 / annurev.ento.43.1.619. PMID 15012400.
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