Cymbidium - Cymbidium
- Brachiopod jinsi uchun qarang Cymbidium (brakiyopod).
| Qayiq orkide | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cymbidium iridioidlar | |
Ilmiy tasnif  | |
| Qirollik: | Plantae |
| Klade: | Traxeofitlar |
| Klade: | Angiospermlar |
| Klade: | Monokotlar |
| Buyurtma: | Qushqo'nmas |
| Oila: | Orxideya |
| Subfamila: | Epidendroideae |
| Qabila: | Cymbidieae |
| Obuna bo'lish: | Cymbidiinae |
| Tur: | Cymbidium Svarts[1] |
| Turlar | |
Matnni ko'ring. | |
| Sinonimlar | |
| |
Cymbidium /sɪmˈbɪdmenəm/,[2] odatda sifatida tanilgan qayiq orkide, a tur ning doim yashil gullarni o'simliklar orkide oila Orxideya. Ushbu turdagi orkide mavjud epifitik, litofitik, quruqlik yoki kamdan-kam bargsiz saprofitik giyohlar odatda bilan pseudobulbs. Odatda har bir psevdobulb yoki o'qda ikki qatorga joylashtirilgan va bir necha yilgacha davom etadigan uchdan o'n ikki barggacha bo'ladi. Birdan to ko'p sonli gullar soxta po'stlog'ining pastki qismidan kelib chiqqan holda, shoxlanmagan gullab-yashnagan poyada joylashgan. The sepals va barglari barchasi bepul va bir-biriga o'xshashdir. The labellum boshqa barglar va sepallardan sezilarli darajada farq qiladi va uchta lobga ega. Taxminan ellik besh tur va o'n oltita tabiiy mavjud duragaylar dan yovvoyi tabiatda uchraydi tropik va subtropik Osiyo ga Avstraliya. Cymbidiumlar bog'dorchilikda va ko'pchilikda yaxshi tanilgan navlar ishlab chiqilgan.
Tavsif
Turga mansub o'simliklar Cymbidium epifitik, litofitik yoki quruqlikdagi o'simliklar yoki kamdan-kam bargsiz saprofitlardir. Hammasi simpodial doim yashil giyohlar. Ba'zi turlarining yupqa poyasi bor, lekin aksariyat turlarida psevdobulbalar sifatida o'zgartirilgan. Agar mavjud bo'lsa, uchdan o'n ikkitagacha barglar ikki qatorga bo'linadi va bir necha yillarga cho'ziladi. Barg barglari quriganidan keyin qoladi va psevdobulba atrofida niqob hosil qiladi. Gullar soxta po'stlog'ining tagidan yoki kamdan-kam barglaridan paydo bo'lgan tarvaqaylamagan gulzorga joylashtirilgan. qo'ltiq. Sepals va barglar odatda ingichka va go'shtli bo'lib, bo'shashgan va bir-biriga ozroq o'xshashdir. Labellum (boshqa orkide kabi, yuqori darajada o'zgartirilgan uchinchi barg) boshqa barglar va sepallardan sezilarli darajada farq qiladi. Ba'zan unga bog'langan ustun yoki boshqa usul bilan birlashtirilgan. Labellum uchta lobga ega, yonboshlar tik, ba'zan ustunni o'rab oladi va o'rta lob ko'pincha pastga egilib turadi. Keyin changlanish a yalang'och kapsula tarkibida ko'plab ochiq rangli urug'lar ishlab chiqariladi.[3][4][5]
Taksonomiya va nomlash
Jins Cymbidium tomonidan rasmiy ravishda 1799 yilda tasvirlangan Olof Swartz tavsifini kim nashr etgan Nova acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis.[1][6] Jins nomi Cymbidium dan olingan Lotin so'z cymba "piyola" "piyola" yoki "qayiq" ma'nosini anglatadi[7]:243 bilan kichraytiruvchi qo'shimchasi -idium,[7]:491 shuning uchun "kichik qayiq", aftidan ba'zi turlardagi labellum shakliga tegishli.[5]
Turlar ro'yxati
Quyidagi ro'yxat Cymbidium tomonidan qabul qilingan turlar Tanlangan o'simlik oilalarining butunjahon ro'yxati 2020 yil aprelida bo'lgani kabi:[1]
- Cymbidium acuminatum M. Klem. & D.L.Jones
- Cymbidium aliciae Quisumb. (Filippinlar)
- Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. aloe bargli cymbidium (Himoloydan Malayziya V.gacha)
- Cymbidium atrolabium X.Y.Liao, S.R.Lan va Z.J.Liy (Yunan)
- Cymbidium atropurpureum (Lindl.) Rolfe (S. Tailand, W. & C. Malayziya, Filippinlar)
- Cymbidium × ballianum Rolfe
- Cymbidium banaense Gagnep.
- Cymbidium × baoshanense F.Y.Liu va Perner
- Cymbidium bikolor Lindl. : ikki rangli cymbidium (S. China to Trop. Asia)
- Cymbidium bikolor subsp. ikki rangli (S. Hindiston, Shri-Lanka)
- Cymbidium bikolor subsp. pubesenslar (Lindl.) Du Puy va PJ Kribb (W. & C. Malaysia)
- Cymbidium qarzdorligi JJ Vud (N. va NW. Borneo)
- Cymbidium canaliculatum R.Br. - kanalli qayiq-lab orkide, yo'lbars qayiq-lab orkide, mahalliy cymbidium yoki yo'lbars orkide (N. va E. Avstraliya)
- Cymbidium changningense Z.J.Liu va S.C.Chen
- Cymbidium xlorantum Lindl.: yashil gulli cymbidium (V Malayziya)
- Cymbidium kokleeri Lindl. (E. Himoloydan Tayvanga)
- Cymbidium concinnum Z.J.Liu va S.C.Chen (Yunnan, SW Xitoy)
- Cymbidium crassifolium O'simlik.
- Cymbidium cyperifolium Devor. sobiq Lindl. (Himoloy, S. Xitoy va Filippinlarga)
- Cymbidium cyperifolium subsp. siperifolium (Himoloydan S.gacha Xitoyga)
- Cymbidium cyperifolium subsp. indoxinense Du Puy va PJ Kribb (Hind-Xitoy, Filippin)
- Cymbidium cyperifolium var. sechuanicum (Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen) S.Chen va Z.J.Liu
- Cymbidium daweishanense G.Q. Zhang & Z.J.Liu (Yunan)
- Cymbidium dayanum Rchb.f.: Feniks orkide, daraxt orkide, kunduzgi cymbidium (Himoloydan Yaponiyaga va Malayziyaga).
- Cymbidium defoliatum Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen (Xitoy)
- Cymbidium devonianum Pakton : Devon cymbidium (Nepal - Tailand, Laos va Vetnamgacha)
- Cymbidium dianlan H. (Yunnan)
- Cymbidium × dilatatiphyllum J.M.H.Shou
- Cymbidium eburneum Lindl. : fil suyagi rangidagi cymbidium (Himoloydan Xaynangacha)
- Cymbidium elegans Lindl. (SW Xitoy)
- Cymbidium elegans var. elegans
- Cymbidium elegans var. lushuiense (Z.J.Liu, S.C.Chen va X.C.Shi) Z.J.Liu va S.C.Chen
- Cymbidium elongatum JJ Vud, Du Puy va Shim (NW. Borneo)
- Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw. : to'rt faslli orkide (Trop. & Temp. E. Asia)
- Cymbidium eritrasi Lindl. : Hind cymbidium (Himoloy - SC. Xitoy)
- Cymbidium eritrasi var. eritraum
- Cymbidium eritrasi var. flavum (Z.J.Liu va J.Yong Zhang) Z.J.Liu, S.C.Chen va PJ.Cribb
- Cymbidium eritrostilum Rolfe : qizil ustunli cymbidium (Vetnam)
- Cymbidium faberi Rolfe : ko'p gulli orkide (Uttaranchaldan Tayvangacha)
- Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl. : Finlayson cymbidium (Hindiston-Xitoy Malayziyaga)
- Cymbidium floribundum Lindl. : oltin bargli orkide (S. Xitoy, Tayvan)
- Cymbidium × florinda Rolfe
- Cymbidium formosanum Xayata
- Cymbidium × gammieanum King & Pantl.
- Cymbidium gaoligongense Z.J.Liu va J.Yong Zhang
- Cymbidium × glebelandense Rolfe
- Cymbidium goeringii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. : bahor orkide (Himoloy temp. E. Osiyo).
- Cymbidium gematodes Lindl.
- Cymbidium hartinahianum J.B.Komber & Nasution (N. Sumatra)
- Cymbidium × hillii F.Muell. sobiq Regel
- Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb.f. (E. Nepaldan S. Xitoygacha)
- Cymbidium induratifolium Z.J.Liu va J.N.Zhang
- Cymbidium insigne Rolfe : ajoyib cymbidium (N. Tailanddan Xaynangacha)
- Cymbidium iridioidlar D.Don : ìrísíga o'xshash cymbidium (Himoloy - SC. Xitoy)
- Cymbidium jiangchengense Ying L.Peng, S.R.Lan va Z.J.Liu (Yunnan)
- Cymbidium kanran Makino : sovuq o'sadigan cymbidium (S. China to S. Japan)
- Cymbidium lancifolium Kanca. : yashil gulli tovus orkide, nayza bargli cymbidium (Trop. & Subtrop. Osiyo)
- Cymbidium lii M.Z.Huang, J.M.Yin va G.S.Yang (Xaynan)
- Cymbidium uzoq vaqt Z.J.Liu va J.N.Zhang
- Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. : Low's cymbidium (Xitoydan N. Hindu-Xitoygacha)
- Cymbidium lowianum var. ailaoense X.M.Xu
- Cymbidium lowianum var. kalavense (Colyear) Goverts (Myanma)
- Cymbidium lowianum var. lowianum (Xitoydan N. Hindistonga)
- Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. (N. Pokistondan Temp. E. Osiyogacha).
- Cymbidium madidum Lindl. : buttercup orkide, shimoliy cymbidium, nam o'rmon cymbidium (sharqiy Avstraliya)
- Cymbidium maguanense F.Y.Liu (S.E. Yunnan)
- Cymbidium ustalari Griff. sobiq Lindl. : Magistrlar kimbidiyasi (E. Himoloydan Xitoyga)
- Cymbidium mikranthum Z.J.Liu va S.C.Chen (Yunnan, Xitoy Janubiy-Markaziy, mo''tadil Osiyo)
- Cymbidium × monanthum J.M.H.Shou
- Cymbidium munronianum King & Pantl.
- Cymbidium nanulum Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen (Xitoy (SW. Yunnan, SW. Guizhou), Xaynan)
- Cymbidium × nishiuchianum Makino sobiq JMH SHou
- Cymbidium × nomachianum T.Yukava va Nob.Tanaka
- Cymbidium × nujiangense X.P.Jou, S.P.Lei va Z.J.Liu
- Cymbidium × oblancifolium Z.J.Liu va S.C.Chen
- Cymbidium omeiense Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen (Xitoy, Sichuan)
- Cymbidium parishii Rchb.f. (S. Myanma)
- Cymbidium puerense Z.J.Liu va S.R.Lan (Xitoy Janubiy-Markaziy)
- Cymbidium × purpuratum L.J.Chen, Li.Q.Li va Z.J.Liu
- Cymbidium qiubeiense K.M.Feng va H.Li (Xitoy)
- Cymbidium rektum Ridl. (S. Tailand, Malayziya, N. Borneo)
- Cymbidium recurvatum Z.J.Liu, S.C.Chen va PJ.Cribb
- Cymbidium repenslari Aver. & Q.T.Phan
- Cymbidium × rosefieldense Rolfe
- Cymbidium roseum J.J.Sm. (V. Malayziya, S. Tailand)
- Cymbidium sanderae (Rolfe) PJ Kribb va Du Puy (Vetnam)
- Cymbidium schroederi Rolfe (C. Vetnam)
- Cymbidium seidenfadenii (P.J.Cribb va Du Puy) PJ.Cribb
- Cymbidium serratum Schltr.
- Cymbidium shidianense G.Z.Chen, G.Q.Zhang va LJ.Chen (Yunnan)
- Cymbidium sichuanicum Z.J.Liu va S.C.Chen
- Cymbidium sigmoideum J.J.Sm. (V. Malayziya)
- Cymbidium sinense (Endryus) Uilld. : Xitoy cymbidium (Assam - Hind-Xitoy, Xitoy, Tayvan)
- Cymbidium suvaveri R.Br.: ilon orkide (E. Avstraliya)
- Cymbidium suavissimum Sander sobiq Kurtis (N. Myanma, Vetnam)
- Cymbidium tamphianum Aver. (Vetnam)
- Cymbidium teretipetiolatum Z.J.Liu va S.C.Chen (Xitoy)
- Cymbidium tigrinum C.S.P. Parish sobiq ilgagi. : yo'lbars chiziqli cymbidium (Assam Xitoyga va Hind-Xitoyga).
- Cymbidium tortisepalum Fukuy.
- Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum (Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen) S.Chen va Z.J.Liu
- Cymbidium tortisepalum var. tortisepalum
- Cymbidium tracyanum L.Kastl : Tracy's cymbidium (SE. Tibetdan Xitoyga va Hind-Xitoyga)
- Cymbidium wadae T.Yukava
- Cymbidium wenshanense Y.S.Vu va F.J.Liu
- Cymbidium oqsillari King & Pantl. (Sikkim)
- Cymbidium wilsonii (Rolfe ex De Cock) Rolfe (Xitoy)
- Cymbidium × woodlandense Rolfe
Tarqatish
Ushbu tur tropik va subtropiklarda tarqalgan Osiyo (masalan, shimoliy kabi Hindiston, Xitoy, Yaponiya, Malayziya, Filippinlar va Borneo ) va Avstraliya.[8] Katta gulli duragaylar olinadigan katta gulli turlar balandlikda o'sadi.[9]
Foydalanadi
Bog'dorchilikda foydalaning
Cymbidium (qisqartirilgan Cym. bog'dorchilik savdosida[10]) orkide dunyodagi eng qadimgi bog'dorchilik orkidelaridan biri bo'lib, qo'lyozmada Jin sulolasi miloddan avvalgi 200 yildan boshlab Konfutsiy. Bugungi kunda ular etishtirishda eng mashhur orkide avlodlari qatoriga kiradi. Ularda dekorativ gullar boshoqlari bor va ular eng kam talab qilinadigan yopiq orkide hisoblanadi. Yaxshi gullash uchun ular yozning oxirida kunduzi va tungi harorat o'rtasida aniq farq qilishlari kerak. O'simliklar kuzda tunda havo harorati 0 ° C (32 ° F) ga qadar pasayguncha tashqarida turishi kerak.[11][12][13]
Cymbidiumlarda zararkunandalar yoki kasalliklar kam, ammo shira, o'rgimchak oqimi va virus kasalliklari ta'sir qilishi mumkin.[13]
Pishirishda foydalaning
Turlar Cymbidium hookerianum Butan, u an'anaviy ravishda achchiq kori yoki stewda pishirilib, "olatshe" yoki "olachoto" deb nomlanadigan noziklik hisoblanadi.[14]
Adabiyotlar
- ^ a b v "Cymbidium". Tanlangan o'simlik oilalarining butunjahon ro'yxati (WCSP). Qirollik botanika bog'lari, Kew.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden kitobi, 1995:606–607
- ^ Jons, Devid L. (2006). Avstraliyaning mahalliy orkide-lari, shu jumladan orol hududlari haqida to'liq qo'llanma. Frantsuzlar o'rmoni, N.S.: Nyu-Holland. p. 461. ISBN 1877069124.
- ^ "Cymbidium". Xitoy florasi. Olingan 11 yanvar 2019.
- ^ a b "Cymbidium"". Trin kalitlari. Olingan 11 yanvar 2019.
- ^ Svarts, Olof (1799). Nova acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis. Uppsala. Olingan 11 yanvar 2019.
- ^ a b Jigarrang, Roland Uilbur (1956). Ilmiy so'zlarning tarkibi. Vashington, Kolumbiya: Smithsonian Institution Press.
- ^ "Cymbidium suvaveri". PlantNET - NSW Flora Onlayn. Olingan 25 sentyabr, 2018.
- ^ Cribb, P va du Puy, D. Cymbidium jinsi Kew Publishing ISBN 978-1-84246-147-1, 2007.
- ^ Tabiiy va gibrid umumiy ismlar uchun standart qisqartmalarning alifbo ro'yxati, Qirollik bog'dorchilik jamiyati, 2017 https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/orchid-name-abbreviations-list.pdf
- ^ "Cymdidium orkide". Avstraliya teleradioeshittirish korporatsiyasi. Olingan 7 may 2020.
- ^ "Cymbidium orkide". Qirollik bog'dorchilik jamiyati. Olingan 7 may 2020.
- ^ a b "Cymbidium (guruh) ". Missuri botanika bog'i. Olingan 7 may 2020.
- ^ Thapa, Laxmi. "Butanning qutulish mumkin bo'lgan yovvoyi o'simliklari va ular bilan bog'liq an'anaviy bilimlarni tadqiq etish loyihasi" (PDF). Shinshu universiteti, qishloq xo'jaligi fakulteti jurnali. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi (PDF) 2011 yil 18-iyulda. Olingan 11 yanvar 2019.