Sierra Nevada (AQSh) o'simliklari ro'yxati - List of plants of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
A Syerra Nevadadagi o'simliklar ro'yxati quyida. The Syerra Nevada tog 'tizmasi, shuningdek, mahalliy sifatida tanilgan "Sierra" yoki "Syerra Nevada", sharq bo'ylab shimoldan janubga 400 milya (640 km) yugurish Kaliforniya va vaqti-vaqti bilan g'arbda Nevada. "Sierra Nevada" nomi Ispaniya, "Qorli (tog ') tizmasi" deb tarjima qilingan.
Geografiya
Syerra Nevadaning uzunligi va balandligi, geologik yoshi va xilma-xilligi jihatidan ulkan hajmi ekotizimlar va yashash joylari hozir, ularni eng xilma-xil narsalardan biriga aylantiring to'plamlar tarkibidagi alohida o'simlik turlarining Qo'shma Shtatlar.Sierralar bilan chegaradosh: Buyuk havza yilda yomg'ir soyasi sharqda; The Kaskad oralig'i shimolda; The Markaziy vodiy —San-Xakin vodiysi g'arbda; The Tehachapi tog'lari bog'lash Transvers tizmalar janubi-g'arbiy qismida; va Mojave sahrosi janubda.
Fitogeografiya
Yilda fitogeografiya, o'simlik turlarining geografik tarqalishi bilan bog'liq, floristik provinsiyalar ishlatiladi. Syerra Nevada asosan Kaliforniya Floristik viloyati, bilan Rokki tog 'floristik viloyati shimolda, sharqda Buyuk havza floristik viloyati va janubda Sonoran floristik viloyati.
Biogeografiya
Biogeografiya turlarning fazoviy va vaqtincha tarqalishiga qaraydi. A bilan pastga tushuvchi ierarxiya qo'llaniladi shohliklar tepada, keyin biomlar, undan keyin kichikroq quruqlikdagi ekoregiyalar. Syerra Nevada - Shimoliy Amerika qit'asining kichik qismi Nearktika sohasi. Sierra tarkibida ikkita Nearktika biomining qismlari mavjud:
- G'arbiy Sierra tog 'etaklarining quyi balandligi - yaqin qit'ada O'rta er dengizi o'rmonlari, o'rmonzorlar va butalar biome: bu erda ko'rsatilgan Kaliforniya cherkovi va o'rmonzorlari ekoregion Kaliforniya ichki cherkovi va o'rmonzorlari subekoregion.
- Balandlikdagi vodiylar va tog'lar - bu yaqin qit'ada mo''tadil ignabargli o'rmonlar biom: bu erda Syerra Nevada o'rmonlari ekoregioni vakili.
O'simliklar va tarqatish
- Ushbu ro'yxat mahalliy o'simliklar balandlik taqsimot diapazonlari va ularning tomonidan tashkil etilgan o'simlik jamoalari. Kengroq balandlikdagi ba'zi o'simliklar ularning yashash joylarining balandligi ro'yxatida topilgan.
- Ro'yxatda keltirilgan barcha o'simlik turlari mavjud tug'ma Sierraning tog 'etaklariga, vodiylariga va tog'lariga. Bundan tashqari, ba'zilari ham bor endemik bu erga va Kaliforniyaning boshqa joylariga - (endemik); va ba'zilari faqat Syerra Nevadada uchraydi - (sn-endemik).
Woodland tog'ining etagida va Chaparral Mintaqa
- 500 dan 3000 futgacha (200 dan 900 m gacha)
- Ko'rsatkich turlari daraxtlar
- Pinus sabiniana - Kulrang qarag'ay, Kaliforniya etagidagi qarag'ay
- Quercus douglasii - Moviy eman
- Boshqa daraxtlar va butalar
- Aesculus californica - Kaliforniya Buckeye
- Arbutus menziesii - Madrone
- Carpenteria californica - Bush anemone, Daraxt anemone (sn-endemik)
- Cercis occidentalis - Redbud
- Fraxinus latifolia - Oregon Ash
- Fremontodendron californicum - Fremontiya, Kaliforniya Flannelbush
- Fremontodendron dekumbens - Pine Hill Flannelbush (sn-endemik), yo'qolib borayotgan turlari
- Quercus garryana var. semota - Garri Oak
- Quercus lobata - Vodiy Oak
- Quercus wislizenii - Interior Live Eman
- Salix laevigata - Qizil Willow
- Salix lasiolepis - Arroyo Willow
- Chaparral
- Adenostoma fasciculatum - Chamise (dominant turlar)
- Arktostafilos spp. - Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos mewukka - hind Manzanitasi (sn-endemik)
- Arctostaphylos myrtifolia - Ione Manzanita (sn-endemik)
- Arctostaphylos nissenana - Nissenan manzanita (sn-endemik)
- Seanot spp. - Kaliforniya Lilac
- Seanothus roderickii - Pine Hill Ceanothus (sn-endemik)
- Ceanothus tomentosus - Woollyleaf Ceanothus
- Heteromeles arbutifolia - Toyon
- Quercus berberidifolia - Kaliforniyadagi skrub-eman
- Quercus wislizenii - Interior Live Eman (skrab shakli)
- Rhamnus alnifolia - Alderleaf itshumurt
- Rhamnus californica (Frangula californica) - Qahvani
- Rhamnus crocea - qizil mersinek
- Ribes amarum - Achchiq Bektoshi uzumni (endemik)
- Ribes aureum - Oltin smorodina
- Ribes malvaceum - Chaparral smorodina
- Ribes nevadense - Sierra smorodina, tog 'pushti smorodina
- Ribes roezlii - Sierra Bektoshi uzumni
- Rosa californica - Kaliforniyadagi yovvoyi gul
- Salvia sonomensis - Sonoma Creeping Sage
- Yovvoyi gullar, otsu ko'p yillik o'simliklar va boshqalar
- Allium obtusum - Qizil Sierra piyozi, Subalpin piyozi
- Allium yosemitense - Yosemit piyozi (sn-endemik)
- Calochortus amoenus - Binafsha rangli peri-chiroq (sn-endemik)
- Calochortus luteus - Sariq maripozadan zambil (endemik)
- Calochortus plummerae - Plummerning Mariposa Lilyasi (endemik)
- Calochortus venustus - Kelebek Mariposa Lily (endemik)
- Carex tumulicola - tog 'yonbag'ri
- Daucus pusillus - Amerika yovvoyi savzi
- Eragrostis gipnozlari - Tegr Lovegrass
- Lomatium californicum - Kaliforniya Rok Parsnip
- Lomatium congdonii - Mariposa cho'l parsleyi (sn-endemik)
- Lomatium stebbinsii - Stebbinsning Desertparsley (sn-endemik)
- Lupinus stiversii - Arlequin Lyupin (endemik)
- Monardella qandillari - Sierra Monardella (sn-endemik)
- Melica aristata - Soqolli melicgrass
- Melica californica - Kaliforniya Melic (bunchgrass)
- Melica harfordii - Harford piyozi (bunchgrass)
- Melica imperfecta - Kichik Kaliforniyalik melic (bunchgrass)
- Mimulus bolanderi - Bolanderning maymun gullari (endemik)
- Mimulus congdonii - 'Kongdonning maymun gullari (endemik)
- Mimulus douglasii - Binafsha sichqonchani quloqlari
- Mimulus glaucescens - Shieldbract maymun gullari (endemik)
- Mimulus gracilipes - ingichka maymun gul (sn-endemik)
- Mimulus inconspicuus - mayda gulli maymun gul (sn-endemik)
- Mimulus pulchellus - Yellowlip Pansy maymun gullari (sn-endemik)
- Mimulus shevockii - Kelso Creek Monkeyflower (sn-endemik)
- Mimulus viscidus - Yopishqoq maymun gul (sn-endemik)
- Orthocarpus purpurascens - Owl Clover
- Packera layneae - Laynning moyi, Laynning lattasi (sn-endemik)
- Wyethia helenioides - kulrang xachirning quloqlari
Sharqiy yamaqlar Buyuk havzaning kserik zonasi
- Daraxtlar va butalar
- Artemisia tridentata - Sagebrush, oddiy Sagebrush
- Cercocarpus ledifolius - Jingalak bargli tog 'Maunasi
- Juniperus osteosperma - Yuta Juniper
- Pinus attenuata - Knobcone Pine
- Pinus monofillasi - bitta bargli Pinyon
- Yucca brevifolia - Joshua daraxti
- Ko'p yillik o'simliklar, butalar va o'tlar
- Agropyron desertorum - Cho'lning tepasida joylashgan bug'doy o'ti (bunchgrass)
- Calochortus bruneaunis - Bruno Mariposa Lily
- Dodekateon qayta ranglanadi - Xushbo'y Shooting Star
- Eriogonum latenslari - Inyo grechkasi
- Grayiya spinozasi - Tikanli Hopsage
- Linanthus inyoensis - Inyo Giliya
- Mimulus bigelovii - Bigelowning maymun gullari
- Mimulus whitneyi - Arlequin maymun gullari (sn-endemik)
- Muhlenbergia porteri - Bush Muhli
- Salvia dorrii - Binafsha donishmand
- Sisyrinchium halophilum - Nevada ko'k ko'zli o't
- Sporobolus airoides - Alkali Sakaton (bunchgrass)
- Sporobolus kontraktsiyasi - Spike Dropseed (bunchgrass)
Quyi Montan o'rmoni
- 2000 dan 6000 futgacha (600 dan 1800 m gacha)
- Quruq SW o'rmonlari
- Ko'rsatkich turlari daraxtlar
- Pinus ponderosa - Ponderosa qarag'ay, sariq qarag'ay - Sariq qarag'ay o'rmoni
- Pinus jeffreyi - Jeffri qarag'ay, sariq qarag'ay
- Boshqa daraxtlar
- Kalocedrus dekurrenlari - tutatqi sadr
- Fraxinus velutina - Modesto Ash (Janubiy Sierrada juda mahalliy)
- Pinus lambertiana - Shakar qarag'ay
- Pseudotsuga menziesii - Duglas-fir
- Quercus kelloggii - Kaliforniya qora eman
- Canyon Live Oak
- Arbutus menziesii - Tinch okeanidagi Madrone (Markaziy Sierrada joylashgan)
- Ko'rsatkich turlari daraxtlar
- Mezik bilan namlangan SH o'rmonlari
- Ko'rsatkich turlari daraxtlar
- Sequoiadendron giganteum - Gigant Sequoia (sn-endemik)
- Pinus ponderosa - Ponderosa qarag'ay
- Boshqa daraxtlar
- Abies concolor - Oq archa
- Acer macrophyllum - Bigleaf Maple
- Acer negundo var. kalifornikum - Box Elder
- Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia - kulrang Alder
- Alnus rhombifolia - Oq Alder
- Betula occidentalis - Suv qayin
- Pinus lambertiana - Shakar qarag'ay
- Populus trichocarpa - Kaliforniya teragi
- Ko'rsatkich turlari daraxtlar
- Butalar
- Amelanchier alnifolia var. pumila - Serviceberry
- Amelanchier utahensis - Utah Serviceberry
- Arctostaphylos manzanita - Whiteleaf Manzanita (endemik)
- Arctostaphylos nevadensis - Pinemat Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos patula - Greenleaf Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos viscida subsp. maripoza & subsp. viscida - Yopishqoq Manzanita
- Berberis aquifolium - Oregon-uzum
- Berberis nervozasi - mitti Oregon-uzum
- Ceanothus fresnensis - Fresno mat (sn-endemik)
- Ceanothus parvifolius - Littleleaf Ceanothus (sn-endemik)
- Ceanothus pinetorum - Kern Ceanothus (sn-endemik)
- Chamaebatia foliolosa - Kit-kit-dizze, Bear Clover, Tog 'qashshoqligi
- Cornus nuttallii - Kaliforniya Dogwood
- Prunus emarginata - Oregon gilos
- Rhamnus ilicifolia - Hollyleaf Redberry
- Rhamnus rubra - Sierra qahvasi
- Ribes nevadense - Sierra smorodina, tog 'pushti smorodina
- Ribes roezlii - Sierra Bektoshi uzumni
- Ribes tularense - Sequoia krijovnik, Tulare krijovnik (sn-endemik)
- Rhododendron occidentale - G'arbiy Azalea
- Rosa bridgesii - Pigmiy gul
- Rosa woodsii - Vuds gulasi
- Salix spp. - Willows
- Salix drummondiana - Drummondning Willow
- Salix exigua - Sandbar Willow
- Salix lemmonii - Lemmonning Willow
- Salix ligulifolia - Strapleaf Willow
- Salix lucida subsp. kaudata, subsp. lasiandra - Shining Willow, Pacific Willow yoki Whiplash Willow
- Salix scouleriana - Scouler's Willow
- Umbellularia californica - Kaliforniya ko'rfazi
- Otsu ko'p yillik o'simliklar va boshqalar
- Allium obtusum - Qizil Sierra piyozi
- Andropogon glomeratus var. scabriglumis - Bushy Bluestem bunchgrass
- Aquilegia formosa - G'arbiy Kolumbin
- Blechnum spicant - Kiyik Fern
- Calochortus leichtlinii - Leyxtlinning Mariposa Lily, Smokey Mariposa Lily
- Calochortus westonii - Shirley Meadow Star-lola (sn-endemik)
- Kamissoniya serra ssp. alticola - Mono Hot Springs Evening-primrose (sn-endemik)
- Carex spp. - Sedges
- Carex abrupta - Kesilgan tumshug'i Sedge
- Carex amplifolia - Bigleaf Sedge
- Carex angustata - keng mevali daraxtlar
- Carex atrostachya - Slenderbeak Sedge
- Carex aurea - Oltin Sedge
- Carex canescens
- Carex cusickii - Cusick's Sedge
- Carex diandra - Kichik vahima qo'zg'ash
- Carex disperma - Softleaf Sedge
- Carex douglasii - Duglasning jangi
- Carex echinata subsp. echinata - Star Sedge
- Carex filifolia var. erostrata - Threadleaf Sedge
- Carex hassei - Tuz Sedge
- Carex helleri ' - Heller Sedge
- Carex heteroneura - var. epapilloza & heteroneura - Turli-xil nervlar
- Carex hoodii - Hood's Sedge
- Carex illota - Qo'y Sedge
- Carex jonesii - Jonsning sadjasi
- Carex lasiocarpa - Nozik Sedge
- Carex lenticularis var. taassurot & lipokarpa - ko'l qirg'og'i
- Carex leporinella - Sierra Hare Sedge
- Carex limozasi - Shore Sedge
- Carex luzulina var. ablata, var. luzulina - Woodrush Sedge
- Carex mariposana - Mariposa Sedge
- Carex multicaulis - Manystem Sedge
- Carex multicostata - Manyrib Sedge
- Carex nebrascensis - Nebraska Sedj
- Carex nervina - Sierra Sedge
- Carex nudata - Kaliforniyadagi qora gulli shpal
- Carex pellita - Woolly Sedge
- Carex petasata - Liddon Sedj
- Carex praegracilis - Dala sadjasi
- Carex rossii - Rossning qasosi
- Carex skopariyasi - ishora qilingan Süpürge Sedge
- Carex sheldonii - Sheldon's Sedge
- Carex simulyatorlari - Analog Sedge
- Carex straminiformis - Shasta Sedge
- Carex utriculata - shimoli-g'arbiy hudud
- Carex vesikariyasi var. katta & vesikariya - Blister Sedge
- Epipactis gigantea - Orkide oqimi
- Eragrostis pektinatsiyasi - Tuxmatli sevgi o'ti (bunchgrass)
- Hesperostipa koma - igna va ipli o't (bunchgrass)
- Iris hartwegii - Sierra Iris (endemik)
- Iris missouriensis - G'arbiy Moviy Bayroq Iris
- Iris tenuissima - (endemik)
- Koeleria macrantha - Prairie Junegrass (bunchgrass)
- Lilium humboldtii subsp. gumboldtii - Gumboldtning Lili (endemik)
- Lilium pardalinum subsp. pardalin & shafqatsiz - Leopard Lily
- Lilium washingtonianum subsp. vashingtonianum - Shasta Lily
- Luzula comosa - Tinch okeanidagi Woodrush
- Melica fugax - Kichik piyoz
- Melika geyeri - Geyerning piyozi
- Melica subulata - Alyaska piyozi
- Melika torreyana - Torrey's Melicgrass (bunchgrass) - (ca-endemic)
- Mimulus aurantiacus - Yopishqoq maymun-gul
- Mimulus bicolor - Sariq va Oq maymun gul (endemik)
- Mimulus breviflorus - Qisqa gulli maymun gul
- Mimulus cardinalis - Qizil maymun gul
- Mimulus guttatus - Oddiy maymun gullari
- Mimulus montioidlari - Montiyaga o'xshash maymun gul (sn-endemik)
- Monardella odoratissima - Mountain Coyote Mint
- Muhlenbergia asperifolia - skratchgrass
- Pellaea brachyptera - Sierra Cliffbrake fern
- Pellaea pivosi - Pivoning jarlik tormozi
- Pellaea bridgesii - Ko'priklarning jarlik tormozi
- Pteridiy akvilinum - Bracken Fern
- Sedum albomarginatum - Feather River Stonecrop (sn-endemik - yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida)
- Sisyrinchium bellum - Kaliforniyalik ko'k ko'zli o't
- Sisyrinchium elmeri - Elmerning sariq ko'zli o'tlari
- Sisyrinchium idahoense - Aydaho Moviy ko'zli o't
- Sporobolus vaginiflorus - qashshoqlik tomchisi (bunchgrass)
- Streptanthus fenestratus - Tehipit vodiysi zargarlik buyumlari (sn-endemik)
- Xerophyllum tenax - hind savatchasi o'ti, ayiq o'ti
Yuqori Montan o'rmoni
- 6000 dan 9000 futgacha (1800 dan 2700 m gacha)
- Ko'rsatkich turlari daraxtlar
- Abies magnifica - Qizil archa
- Pinus contorta murrayana - Lodgepol qarag'ay
- Boshqa daraxtlar
- Pinus monticola - G'arbiy oq qarag'ay
- Populus tremuloidlari - Aspenni zilzila qilish
- Juniperus occidentalis - Sierra Juniper
- Pinus jeffreyi - Jeffri qarag'ay
- Tsuga mertensiana - Tog 'Hemloki
- Butalar
- Krizolepis yarim muhitlar - Bush Chinquapin
- Arctostaphylos patula - Greenleaf Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos nevadensis - Pinemat Manzanita
- Quercus vaktsinifolia - Huckleberry eman
- Ribes nevadense - Sierra smorodina, tog 'pushti smorodina
- Salix jepsonii - Jepsonning Willow
- Salix Arktika - Arktik Willow
- Otsu ko'p yillik o'simliklar va boshqalar
- Allium obtusum - Qizil Sierra piyozi, Subalp piyozi
- Carex spp. - Sedges (shuningdek qarang: Carex spp. "Quyi Montan o'rmoni")
- Carex spesifikasi - Daraxt mevalari
- Elymus sierrae - Syerra yovvoyi javdari (sn-endemik)
- Erigeron aequifolius - Hallning Daisy (sn-endemik)
- Lilium parvum - Sierra Tiger Lily (sn-endemik)
- Lomatium torreyi - Sierra pechenesi (sn-endemik)
- Melica bulbosa - piyoz
- Mimulus filicaulis - ingichka poyali maymun gul (sn-endemik)
- Mimulus leptaleus - ingichka maymun gul (sn-endemik)
- Mimulus torreyi - Torreyning maymun gullari (endemik)
- Phacelia inyoensis - Inyo Phacelia (sn-endemik)
- Poa cusickii - Cusickning Bluegrass
- Viola adunca - G'arbiy it binafsha
- Viola glabella - Binafsharang oqimi
- Viola macloskeyi - G'arbiy shirin-oq binafsha rang
- Woodwardia fimbriata - Giant Chain Fern
- Saprofitlar
- Sargodlar sanguinea - Qor zavodi
- Pyrola picta - Shinleaf Wintergreen
- Pterospora andromedea - Pinedrop
- Corallorhiza - mercan ildizlari
- Cephalanthera austiniae - Phantom Orchid
Subalp zonasi
- 8000 dan 11000 futgacha (2400 dan 3400 m gacha)
- Ko'rsatkich turlari daraxt
- Pinus albicaulis - Whitebark Pine
- Boshqa daraxtlar va butalar:
- Pinus balfouriana subsp. avstriya - Tulki quyruq qarag'ay
- Pinus flexilis - Limber Pine (sharqiy yon bag'irlari)
- Pinus monticola - G'arbiy oq qarag'ay
- Juniperus occidentalis - Sierra Juniper
- Salix eastwoodiae - Mountain Willow (va tog 'zonasi)
- Salix melanopsis - Duski Willow
- Otsu ko'p yillik o'simliklar va boshqalar:
- Allium obtusum - Subalp piyozi
- Carex spectabilis - Shou Sedge
- Carex subnigricans - deyarli qora rang (va tog 'zonasi)
- Carex vernacula - Mahalliy Sedge
- Luzula divaricata - Forked Woodrush (va tog 'zonasi)
- Luzula orestera - Syerra Vudrush (va tog 'zonasi)
- Melica stricta - Rok Melic (bunchgrass) - (& alp zonasi)
- Mimulus laciniatus - Bargli maymun gul (sn-endemik)
- Poa leptomasi - Western Bog Bluegrass (va tog 'zonasi)
Alp zonasi
- 2700 m balandlikda
- Antennariya pulchella - Sierra Pussytoes
- Aquilegia pubescens - Sierra Kolumbin (sn-endemik) - (& sub-alp zonasi)
- Carex capitata - Kapitatsiyani bajarish
- Carex nigrikanlar - Qora Alp tog'lari
- Carex phaocephala - Dunxed Sedj (va tog 'oldi o'rmonzorlari zonasiga qadar)
- Carex raynoldsii - Reynoldsning qarama-qarshiligi (& sub-alp zonasi)
- Lomatium shevockii - Ouens Peak Desert-petrushka (sn-endemik)
- Muhlenbergia richardsonis - Mat Muxli
- Oxyria digyna - Tog 'Sorrel
- Ptilagrostis kingii - Sierra soxta ignlegrass (sn-endemik), (& sub-alp zonasi)
- Salix orestera - kulrang bargli Sierra Willow (& sub-alp zonasi)
- Salix planifolia subsp. planifoliya- Choy bargli Willow (& sub-alp zonasi)
Shuningdek qarang
Adabiyotlar va bibliografiya
- Izoh: har bir o'simlik turiga havolalar o'zlarining maqolalarida.
- Syerra Nevada (AQSh) bibliografiyasi
- "Kaliforniyaning tabiiy tarixi, "Allan A. Shoenherr, Kaliforniya universiteti matbuoti, 1992 yil, ISBN 0-520-06922-6.
- "Kaliforniya florasi va qo'shimchasi", Filipp Munz, 1968, Kaliforniya universiteti nashri, ISBN 0-520-02405-2.
- "Jepson uchun qo'llanma, "Jeyms C. Hikman-muharriri, Kaliforniya universiteti nashri, 2003, ISBN 0-520-08255-9.
- "Tog 'donishmandi: hayoti Karl Sharsmit, Yosemite Ranger va Naturalist, "Elizabeth Stone O'Neill," ISBN 0-939666-47-2.