NCAA I Division erkaklar basketbol musobaqasi - NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament - Wikipedia

NCAA I divizioni erkaklar o'rtasidagi basketbol musobaqasi

Sport	Basketbol
Tashkil etilgan	1939
Jamoalar soni	68
Eng so'nggi chempion (lar)	Virjiniya (Birinchi sarlavha)
Ko'p sarlavhalar	UCLA (11 nom)
Televizion sherik (lar)	NCAA martidagi jinnilik (CBS /TBS /TNT /TruTV ) CBS Sport tarmog'i (qayta efirga uzatiladi) Galavision (Ispaniya qamrovi)
Rasmiy veb-sayt	NCAA.com

The NCAA I divizioni erkaklar o'rtasidagi basketbol musobaqasi, shuningdek, ma'lum va markali NCAA martidagi jinnilik, a bitta kurash bo'yicha turnir har bahorda Qo'shma Shtatlarda o'ynagan, hozirda 68 ta kollej basketboli jamoalari I bo'lim darajasi Milliy kollegial atletika assotsiatsiyasi (NCAA), milliy chempionatni aniqlash uchun. Turnir yilda tashkil etilgan 1939 tomonidan Basketbol bo'yicha murabbiylarning milliy assotsiatsiyasi, va g'oyasi edi Ogayo shtati murabbiy Garold Olsen.^[1] Ko'pincha mart oyi davomida o'ynagan ushbu musobaqa AQShda har yili o'tkaziladigan eng taniqli sport musobaqalaridan biriga aylandi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Hatto sport bilan shug'ullanmaydigan muxlislar orasida ham har bir o'yin natijasini taxmin qilish ommaviy madaniyatda nihoyatda odatiy holga aylandi; har yili o'n millionlab amerikaliklar qavslar havzasi tanlovida ishtirok etishi taxmin qilinmoqda. Kabi asosiy ommaviy axborot vositalari ESPN, CBS Sport va Fox Sports ishtirokchilar bepul kirishlari mumkin bo'lgan onlayn turnirlarni o'tkazing. Bundan tashqari, BigTourney.com kabi hayajonga tushish uchun korporativ marketing va jamoatchilik bilan aloqalarni ta'minlaydigan ko'plab saytlar mavjud.^[2] Ish beruvchilar shu vaqt ichida xodimlarning xulq-atvori o'zgarganini ham payqashdi: ular kasal kunlar sonining ko'payganligini, tushlik tanaffuslarining uzaytirilganligini va hattoki turnirni ko'proq tomosha qilish uchun konferents-qo'ng'iroqlarning vaqtini o'zgartirganligini ko'rdilar.^[3] Shuningdek, o'zlarining qavslarini yutib olish uchun maslahat beradigan ko'plab nogironlar va mutaxassislar mavjud.^[4][5]

Turnir jamoalari tarkibiga I divizionning 32 ta konferentsiyasining chempionlari kiritilgan (ular oladiganlar) avtomatik takliflar ) va 36 ta jamoa taqdirlandi katta pansionatlar. Ushbu "katta" jamoalarni an NCAA tanlov komissiyasi, keyin avvalgi yakshanba kuni milliy televizion tadbirda e'lon qilindi "Birinchi to'rtlik" o'yinlari, hozirda Deyton, Ogayo shtati va dublyaj qilingan Yakshanba tanlovi. 68 ta jamoa to'rtta mintaqaga bo'lingan va yakka tartibdagi musobaqaga ajratilgan "qavs ", qaysi jamoa o'yinda g'alaba qozonishini oldindan belgilab beradi, qaysi jamoaga navbatma-navbat duch keladi. Har bir jamoa o'z hududida 1 dan 16 gacha" urug'langan "yoki tartiblangan. Birinchi to'rtlik, musobaqa uchta hafta oxiri davomida, Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab oldindan tanlangan neytral saytlarda bo'lib o'tadi. Reyting bo'yicha saralangan jamoalar, birinchi davra boshlangunga qadar seshanba va chorshanba kunlari birinchi davrada pozitsiya uchun 4ta o'yinda maydonga tushgan 8 nafar past urug 'jamoalaridan tashkil topgan "birinchi to'rtlik" dan boshlanib, bitta o'yinni olib tashlash qavsidan o'tadilar. birinchi davra 64 ta jamoadan iborat bo'lib, bir hafta davomida 32 ta o'yinda maydonga tushdi "Shirin o'n oltita "va"Elite Eight "navbatdagi hafta va dam olish kunlari navbat bilan, va - musobaqaning so'nggi hafta oxiri uchun - "To'rtinchi final" dumaloq. Final to'rtligi odatda aprel oyining birinchi dam olish kunlari o'tkaziladi. Ushbu to'rtta jamoa, har bir mintaqadan bittadan (Sharqiy, Janubiy, O'rta G'arbiy va G'arbiy) milliy chempionat uchun oldindan belgilangan joyda raqobatlashadi.

1969 yildan beri musobaqa hech bo'lmaganda qisman televidenie orqali namoyish etildi.^[6] Hozirda o'yinlar translyatsiya qilinmoqda CBS, TBS, TNT va truTV savdo nomi ostida NCAA martidagi jinnilik. Ushbu tarmoqlar NCAA-ga 2011 yilda o'yinlarni translyatsiya qilish uchun pul to'lagan. Shartnoma 14 yilga mo'ljallangan va ular 10 800 million dollar to'lashgan. Biroq, 2018 yilda ushbu shartnoma yana etti yilga uzaytirilib, uni 2032 yilgacha amal qiladi. Bu yillar davomida o'rtacha to'lov yiliga 891 million dollarni tashkil etadi.^[7]2011 yildan boshlab barcha o'yinlarni mamlakat bo'ylab va xalqaro miqyosda ko'rish mumkin. Televizion qamrovi oshgani sayin, turnirning ommaviyligi ham oshdi. Hozirda millionlab amerikaliklar qavsni to'ldirmoqdalar,^[8] turnirning 63 o'yini (Birinchi to'rtta o'yinni hisobga olmaganda) natijasini to'g'ri taxmin qilishga urinish.

11 ta milliy unvon bilan, UCLA basketbol bo'yicha NCAA erkaklar o'rtasidagi birinchi divizion chempionati bo'yicha rekordchi; Jon Vuden UCLA-ni o'zining 11 ta sarlavhasidan 10 tasiga murabbiylik qildi. The Kentukki universiteti (Buyuk Britaniya) ikkinchi, sakkizta milliy unvonga ega. The Shimoliy Karolina universiteti uchinchi, oltita milliy unvon bilan va Dyuk universiteti va Indiana universiteti beshta milliy unvon bilan to'rtinchi o'ringa bog'langan. The Konnektikut universiteti (UConn) to'rtta milliy unvon bilan oltinchi. The Kanzas universiteti (KU) & Villanova universiteti uchta milliy unvon bilan ettinchi o'ringa bog'langan. Cincinnati universiteti, Florida universiteti, Louisville universiteti,^[a] Michigan shtati universiteti, Shimoliy Karolina shtati, Oklaxoma shtati va San-Frantsisko universiteti ikkita milliy unvonga ega. Turnir 1988 yilda 64 ta jamoaga, 2011 yilda esa 68 ta tarkibga qadar kengayib bordi.

2020 yilga kelib erkaklar va ayollar o'rtasidagi musobaqalar bekor qilindi Covid-19 pandemiyasi.^[9]

Amaldagi musobaqa formati

Missuri shtatining Kanzas-Siti shahrida bo'lib o'tgan 1988 yilgi musobaqaga yo'llanma

NCAA tashkil topganidan beri turnir formatini bir necha bor o'zgartirdi, ko'pincha bu jamoalar sonining ko'payishi. Ushbu bo'lim turnirni 2011 yildan buyon o'tkazib kelinayotganligini tasvirlaydi.

Saralash

Mart va aprel oylari davomida o'tkazilgan musobaqada jami 68ta jamoa qatnashmoqda. O'ttiz ikkita jamoa o'zlariga mos ravishda avtomatik takliflarni qo'lga kiritadilar konferensiya chempionlar. 32-bo'limning "barcha sport turlari" konferentsiyalaridan (erkaklar va ayollar basketboliga homiylik qiladigan konferentsiyalar), hozirda barcha 32 ta chempionat turnirlarini o'tkazib, qaysi jamoa avtomatik ravishda saralashni olishini aniqlaydilar. The Ivy League turnir o'tkazmagan I Divizionning so'nggi konferentsiyasi edi; 2015–16 yilgi mavsum orqali doimiy turnir chempioniga musobaqa yo'llanmasini taqdim etdi. Agar ikki yoki undan ko'p Ayvi doimiy mavsum chempionligini baham ko'rgan bo'lsa, musobaqa ishtirokchisini hal qilish uchun bitta o'yindan iborat pley-off (yoki bunday pley-offning qatori) ishlatilgan. 2017 yildan boshlab, liga mavsumdan keyingi turnirni o'tkazadi.^[10]

Qolgan 36 musobaqa uyasi berildi umuman tomonidan belgilanadigan takliflar Tanlov komissiyasi Birinchi to'rtta o'yin pley-turniri oldidan va dublyajdan oldin yakshanba kuni o'tkazilgan milliy televizion tadbirda Yakshanba tanlovi ommaviy axborot vositalari va muxlislar tomonidan, asosan konferentsiya komissarlari va maktab guruhi tomonidan sport direktorlari NCAA tomonidan xizmatga tayinlanganlar. Shuningdek, qo'mita barcha oltmish sakkizta jamoalar qaerga ekilganini va qavsga joylashtirilishini aniqlaydi.

Mintaqalar

Turnir to'rt mintaqaga bo'lingan va har bir mintaqada kamida o'n oltita jamoa bor, ammo tanlov qo'mitasi qaroriga binoan to'rtta qo'shimcha jamoa qo'shiladi. (Qarang: Birinchi to'rtlik, quyida.) Qo'mita to'rt mintaqaning har birini jamoalarning qayerda bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, ularning umumiy sifati bo'yicha iloji boricha yaqinlashtirishi kerak.

Mintaqalar nomlari har yili o'zgarib turadi va keng geografik ("Sharq", "Janubiy", "O'rta G'arbiy" va "G'arbiy" kabi). Kimdan 1957 ga 1984, "O'rtacha", taxminan ga mos keladi AQShning janubi-sharqiy mintaqasi, belgilash ishlatilgan. Kimdan 1985 ga 1997, O'rta Sharq mintaqasi "Janubi-Sharqiy" nomi bilan tanilgan va yana "Janubiy" ga o'zgartirilgan 1998. Tanlangan nomlar taxminan mintaqaviy final o'tkaziladigan to'rtta shaharning joylashgan joyiga to'g'ri keladi. Kimdan 2004 ga 2006, mintaqalar mezbon shaharlar nomi bilan nomlangan, masalan. 2004 yilda Feniks mintaqaviy, 2005 yilda Chikago mintaqaviy va 2006 yilda Minneapolis mintaqaviy, lekin boshlangan an'anaviy geografik belgilashga qaytdi 2007. Masalan, paytida 2012, mintaqalar Janubiy (Atlanta, Jorjiya), Sharq (Boston, Massachusets), O'rta G'arbiy (Sent-Luis, Missuri) va G'arbiy (Feniks, Arizona) deb nomlangan.^[11]

Urug'lik va qavs

Tanlov komissiyasi 68 dan ortiq jamoalarning maydonlarini 1dan 68 gacha tashkil etadi. (2012 yilgacha bu ma'lumotni oshkor qilmagan.) Keyin qo'mita jamoalarni hududlarga ajratadi. Eng yaxshi to'rtta jamoa to'rtta mintaqa o'rtasida taqsimlanadi va ularning har biri 1-raqamli urug'ni oladi ushbu mintaqa ichida. Keyingi to'rtta jamoalar to'rt mintaqa o'rtasida taqsimlanadi, ularning har biri o'z mintaqasida 2-raqamli urug'ni oladi va jarayon ba'zi istisnolardan tashqari (quyida aytib o'tilganidek) pastga qarab davom etadi. Mantiqiy xulosaga kelganda, bu har bir mintaqaga o'ndan o'n bitta jamoani beradi - 1-raqamdan 17-o'ringa qadar, ammo har bir mintaqada faqat o'n oltita jamoa bor (1-sondan 16-gacha). Quyida ko'rinib turganidek, haqiqiy ekish (boshqa omillar qatorida) qo'mita "birinchi to'rtlik" ning ochilish bosqichida tanlagan sakkizta jamoaning reytingiga bog'liq (keyingi xatboshiga va "Birinchi to'rtlik" bo'limi quyida).

Tanlov komissiyasiga, shuningdek, imkon qadar bitta anjuman jamoalari mintaqaviy finalgacha uchrasha olmasligi uchun jamoalarni joylashtirish topshirilgan. Bundan tashqari, birinchi va ikkinchi davralar davomida muntazam mavsumda yoki o'tgan yilgi musobaqa o'yinlarida yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan qayta o'yinlardan qochish haqida ko'rsatma berildi.^[12] Boshqa cheklovlar Joylar quyidagi bo'lim. Ushbu boshqa talablarga rioya qilish uchun tanlov komissiyasi bir yoki bir nechta jamoalarni o'zlarining asl urug'lik chizig'idan bitta urug'ni yuqoriga yoki pastga siljitishi mumkin.^[12] Masalan, 40-o'rinni egallagan jamoa dastlab ma'lum bir mintaqada 10-sonli urug 'bo'lishi kerak deb hisoblangan bo'lib, uning o'rniga 9-raqamga ko'tarilishi yoki 11-raqamga tushishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari, "birinchi to'rtlik" pley-off bosqichiga tanlangan sakkizta jamoalarning reytingi ham xuddi shunday yakuniy ko'chatlarga ta'sir qiladi.

Qavs shu tariqa o'rnatiladi va yarim final paytida birinchi o'rinda turadigan birinchi raqamli mintaqaning chempioni to'rtinchi raqamli birinchi urug 'mintaqasining chempioniga qarshi, ikkinchi darajali birinchi raqamli urug'chi mintaqaning chempioniga qarshi o'ynaydi. uchinchi raqamli 1-chi mintaqaning chempioniga qarshi o'ynang.^[12]

Joylar

Erkaklar musobaqasida barcha saytlar nominal ravishda neytral hisoblanadi; To'rtinchi finaldan oldin jamoalarga o'z uylarida turnir o'yinlarini o'ynash taqiqlanadi (garchi ba'zi hollarda jamoaga o'z shtati yoki shahri yoki yaqinida o'ynash nasib qilsa ham bo'ladi). NCAA ning amaldagi qoidalariga ko'ra, jamoada uchta sud ishtirok etadigan har qanday sud muntazam mavsum o'yinlar (boshqacha aytganda, konferentsiya turniri o'yinlarini hisobga olmaganda) "uy sudi" hisoblanadi.^[13] Ushbu qoidadan istisno quyidagicha Dayton universiteti "Birinchi to'rtlik" turida o'yin o'ynashga ruxsat berilgan ularning uy arenasi^[14] ular qilganidek 2015.

Ammo, agar jamoaning uyidagi maydonchasi musobaqaning dastlabki ikki haftasida ishlatilgan bo'lsa, jamoani boshqa mintaqaga ko'chirish mumkin bo'lsa-da, final to'rtligi o'tkaziladigan joy bir necha yil oldin belgilanadi va ishtirokchilaridan qat'iy nazar o'zgartirilishi mumkin emas. Shu sababli, jamoa o'z uyidagi to'rtlik finalida o'ynashi mumkin, ammo bu ehtimoldan yiroq, chunki Final to'rtligi ko'pchilik kollej basketbol maydonlaridan kattaroq joylarda o'tkaziladi. (So'nggi to'rtlikni o'z shaharlarida o'ynagan eng so'nggi jamoa bu edi Butler 2010 yil davomida; uning uy sudi keyin 70 000 plyusdan farqli o'laroq, faqat 10 000 kishi o'tirdi imkoniyatlar ning Lukas Neft stadioni, final to'rtligi.)

Davralar

Turnir bir necha turdan iborat. Hozirda ular birinchi bo'lib davom etish uchun nomlangan:

• Birinchi to'rtlik
• Birinchi tur (64-tur)
• Ikkinchi bosqich (32-tur)
• Mintaqaviy yarim final (ishtirokchi jamoalar "nomi bilan mashhur"Shirin o'n oltita ")
• Mintaqaviy final (ishtirokchi jamoalar odatda "Elite Eight ")
• Milliy yarim final (ishtirokchi jamoalar rasman "deb nomlanadiTo'rtinchi final ")
• Milliy chempionat

Turnir bir martalik yo'q qilish, bu kichik va past urug'li bo'lish imkoniyatini oshiradi "Zolushka Jamoa "keyingi bosqichlarga chiqmoqda. Garchi ushbu quyi o'rinni egallagan jamoalar kuchliroq jamoalarni o'ynashga majbur bo'lishsa-da, oldinga o'tish uchun faqat bitta g'alaba kerak (professional basketbolda bo'lgani kabi ketma-ket ko'pchilik o'yinlarda g'alaba qozonish shart emas).

Birinchi to'rtlik

The Dayton Arena universiteti 2011-yil boshlangandan buyon barcha Birinchi To'rtta o'yinlarga mezbonlik qilgan, shuningdek, uning kashshofi yagona "o'ynash" o'yini 2001 yildan 2010 yilgacha bo'lib o'tdi. 2019 yilga kelib ushbu arenada 123 ta musobaqa o'yini bo'lib o'tdi.

Birinchi bo'lib 2011 yil davomida o'tkazilgan birinchi to'rtlik - eng past reytingga ega to'rtta jamoa va eng past reytingga ega to'rtta avtomatik taklif (konferentsiya chempioni) jamoalari o'rtasidagi o'yinlar.

Birinchi to'rtta katta urug'lar

Izoh: Har yili eng past reytingga ega to'rtta avtomatik talabgorlar 16-sonli urug'larni olish uchun raqobatlashadilar, eng katta reytingga ega to'rtta jamoalar 11-raqamli urug'lar uchun kurashadilar. 2011 yildan 2014 yilgacha jamoalar birinchi to'rtlik o'yinlarida mintaqalarning birida 11, 12, 13 yoki 14-o'rinlar uchun kurash olib borishdi. Quyidagi jadvalda to'rtta urug'ning har biriga g'ayrioddiy g'oliblardan biri tomonidan da'vo qilingan yillar ko'rsatilgan.

Birinchi va ikkinchi davralar

Birinchi bosqich (64-raund) davomida 1-raqamli urug 'barcha hududlarda 16-raqamli urug'ni o'ynaydi; 2-raqamli jamoa 15-raqamda o'ynaydi va hokazo. Ushbu ekish tuzilishining ta'siri jamoaning qanchalik yaxshi reytingga ega bo'lishini (va shuning uchun urug'langan), ularning raqiblari yomonroq (va ehtimol zaifroq) bo'lishini ta'minlaydi. "Birinchi to'rtlik" turidan so'ng payshanba kuni o'n birinchi davra o'yinlari o'tkaziladi. Qolgan birinchi o'n birinchi o'yinlar juma kuni o'tkaziladi. Ayni paytda tanlov ishtirokchilari 32 jamoaga qisqartirildi.

Ikkinchi bosqich (32-tur) birinchi turdan so'ng darhol shanba va yakshanba kunlari o'tkaziladi. Ikkinchi davra payshanba kuni g'oliblardan iborat bo'lib, shanba kuni sakkizta o'yinda, undan keyin juma kuni g'oliblar yakshanba kuni qolgan ikkinchi sakkizta o'yinlarda qatnashadilar. Shunday qilib, birinchi dam olish kunidan so'ng, odatda "Shirin o'n oltita" nomi bilan tanilgan 16 ta jamoa qoldi.

Mintaqaviy yarim final va final bosqichlari

Birinchi dam olish kunidan keyin hamon raqobatlashayotgan jamoalar mintaqaviy yarim finalga yo'l olishadi (the Shirin o'n oltita) va finallar (the Elite Eight), ular musobaqaning ikkinchi hafta oxiri davomida o'tkaziladi (yana o'yinlar payshanba / shanba va juma / yakshanba kunlariga bo'lingan). Xokkeydan farqli o'laroq, jamoalar har bir konferentsiyada birinchi o'rinni egallagan eng past reytingda o'ynaydigan maydonga qayta qo'shilmaydi. To'rtta mintaqaviy yarim final o'yinlari payshanba kuni, to'rttasi juma kuni bo'lib o'tadi. Juma kungi o'yinlardan so'ng 8 ta jamoa (elita sakkiztasi) qoldi. Shanba kuni ikkita mintaqaviy final o'yinlari payshanba kuni g'oliblar va yakshanba kungi ikkita final o'yinlari juma g'oliblariga to'g'ri keladi. Turnirning ikkinchi dam olish kunidan so'ng to'rtta mintaqaviy chempionlar "To'rtlik finali" dir.

To'rtinchi final

Har bir mintaqa g'oliblari to'rtinchi finalga chiqishadi, u erda shanba kuni milliy yarim final va dushanba kuni mamlakat chempionati bo'lib o'tadi. Qayd etilganidek yuqorida, qaysi viloyat chempioni qaysi jamoani o'ynashi va qaysi yarim finalda o'ynashi, yakuniy to'rtlik jamoalarining o'zlari safida emas, balki asl qavsdagi to'rtinchi 1 urug'ining umumiy reytingi bilan belgilanadi.

G'oliblar

Yillar bo'yicha sarlavhalar

Maktab bo'yicha sarlavhalar

UCLA

Kentukki

Shimoliy
Karolina

Dyuk

Indiana

UConn

Kanzas

Louisville

USF

Villanova

Florida

NC shtati

Oklaxoma shtati

Sinsinnati

Michigan shtati

Arkanzas

Muqaddas
Kesib o'tish

La Salle

Loyola

Market

UTEP

Arizona

UNLV

Stenford

Kaliforniya

Jorjtaun

Merilend

Ogayo shtati

Yuta

CCNY

Vayoming

Michigan

Sirakuza

Viskonsin

Oregon

Virjiniya

NCAA chempionatida g'olib chiqqan maktablar
- 11 ta chempionat, - 8 ta chempionat, - 6 ta chempionat, - 5 ta chempionat, - 4 ta chempionat, - 3 ta chempionat, - 2 ta chempionat, - 1 chempionat

Quyida erkaklar o'rtasida basketbol bo'yicha NCAA turnirida kamida bitta g'olib bo'lgan barcha maktablarning ro'yxati va chempionat (lar) ni yutgan yili (lar) bilan birga keltirilgan.

* 2013 yil sarlavhasi NCAA tomonidan bo'shatilgan.

Turnir tarixi

O'rta yirik jamoalar

O'rta yirik jamoalar - bu jamoalar deb belgilangan Amerika Sharq konferentsiyasi (Amerika Sharqi), Atlantika Quyosh konferentsiyasi (ASUN), Big Sky konferentsiyasi (Katta osmon), Katta Janubiy konferentsiya (Katta Janubiy), Katta G'arb konferentsiyasi (Katta G'arb), Mustamlaka atletik konferentsiyasi (CAA), AQSh konferentsiyasi (C-AQSh), Ufq Ligasi (Ufq), Ivy League (Ivy), Metro Atlantika atletik konferentsiyasi (MAAC), O'rta Amerika konferentsiyasi (MAC), O'rta Sharq atletik konferentsiyasi (MEAC), Missuri vodiysi konferentsiyasi (MVC), G'arbiy tog 'konferentsiyasi (MW), Shimoli-sharqiy konferentsiya (NEC), Ogayo vodiysi konferentsiyasi (OVC), Vatanparvarlik ligasi (Vatanparvar), Janubiy konferentsiya (SoCon), Southland konferentsiyasi (Southland), Janubi-g'arbiy atletik konferentsiyasi (SWAC), Sammit Ligasi (Sammit), Quyosh belbog'i konferentsiyasi (Quyosh kamari), G'arbiy sohil konferentsiyasi (WCC) va G'arbiy atletik konferentsiyasi (WAC) - turli vaqtlarda musobaqada muvaffaqiyatlarga erishgan.^[15]

So'nggi marta, 2020 yilga kelib, milliy chempionatda g'oliblikni qo'lga kiritdi 1990 qachon UNLV 103-73 g'alabasi bilan g'alaba qozondi Dyuk, chunki UNLV o'shanda Katta G'arb a'zosi va 1999 yildan MW a'zosi bo'lgan; Keyinchalik Katta G'arb a deb hisoblanmagan kuch konferentsiyasi, bugungi kunda ham MW emas. Biroq, o'sha paytda UNLV murabbiyi ishlagan davrda, Jerri Tarkanian, Runnin 'isyonchilari, konferentsiyaga aloqador bo'lishlariga qaramay, keng miqyosda asosiy dastur sifatida qaralishgan Gonsaga 2010-yillarda). So'nggi marta, 2020 yilga kelib, an mustaqil O'rta yirik jamoa Milliy chempionatda g'olib bo'ldi 1977 qachon Market 67-59 g'alaba bilan g'alaba qozondi Shimoliy Karolina. Biroq, o'sha paytda NCAA I bo'limining ozchilik qismi hali ham mustaqil edi, ularning bir nechtasi, shu jumladan Market, basketbolning an'anaviy kuchlari edi. (Market hozirda katta sharq konferentsiyasining a'zosi, bu butun dunyoda basketbol bo'yicha yirik konferentsiya hisoblangan yagona futbol bo'lmagan ligasi.) So'nggi marta, 2020 yilga kelib, kichik media-bozorning o'rta yirik jamoasi (2019 yilda Qo'shma Shtatlarning eng yaxshi 25 televizion bozorlari qatoriga kiritilgan ) milliy chempionatda g'olib bo'lganligi bahsli edi 1962 qachon Sinsinnati, keyin MVCda 71-59 g'alaba qozondi Ogayo shtati Katta o'ntalik, chunki Cincinnati televideniye bozori 2020 yilga kelib mamlakatda 35-o'rinni egallagan. Ammo 1962 yilda "yirik" va "o'rta-yirik" konferentsiyalar o'rtasida bo'linish ancha kam bo'lgan va MVC odatda shundan ko'rinib turardi. katta basketbol konferentsiyasi sifatida kun.

Oxirgi marta To'rtinchi final 2020 yilga kelib kamida 75% o'rta guruhlarning (3/4) tarkibiga kirgan, ya'ni hozirgi barcha yirik konferentsiyalar yoki ularning oldingilaridan tashqari. 1979, qayerda Indiana shtati, keyin hozirgi kabi Missuri vodiysi konferentsiyasi (o'n yil ichida Sinsinnati singari eng taniqli dasturlarini yo'qotgan); Penn, keyin hozirgi kabi Ivy League; va DePol, keyin mustaqil, To'rtlik finalida qatnashdi, faqat Indiana shtatining mag'lub bo'lishini ko'rish uchun Michigan shtati. So'nggi marta, 2020 yilga kelib, final to'rtligi kamida 50% o'rta guruhlardan iborat bo'lgan (2/4) 2011, qachon VCU, keyin Mustamlaka atletika assotsiatsiyasi va Butler, keyin Ufq Ligasi, To'rtlik finalida qatnashgan, faqat Butler mag'lub bo'lganini ko'rish uchun Konnektikut. So'nggi uchta "Final Fours" ning ikkitasida bu erda ishlatilgan ta'rif bo'yicha bitta "o'rta katta" jamoani jalb qilishgan - the 2017 va 2018 unda o'tkaziladigan musobaqalar Gonsaga va Loyola – Chikago tegishli ravishda jalb qilingan (garchi 2017 yilga kelib, 21-asrda har bir NCAA turnirida qatnashgan Gonzaga, WCC-ning o'rta guruhiga a'zo bo'lishiga qaramay, odatda asosiy dastur hisoblangan)^[b]). Bugungi kunga kelib, 2020 yilga kelib, to'rtinchi final 100% o'rta guruh jamoalaridan tuzilmagan (4/4), shuning uchun o'rta chempionatning milliy chempionatda g'olib bo'lishiga kafolat beradi.

Aytish mumkinki, o'rtamiyona eng katta muvaffaqiyatga erishgan musobaqa 1970 yilgi musobaqa Sweet o'n oltita, elita sakkizta, to'rtinchi final va milliy chempionat o'yinlari Sweet 16 (10/16) tarkibidagi o'rta guruhlarning 63% vakili bo'lgan, Elite 8 (6/8) tarkibidagi 75% vakili, 75% 4-finalda (3/4) va 50% Milliy chempionat o'yinida qatnashish (1/2). Jeksonvill yutqazdi UCLA milliy chempionatida Nyu-Meksiko shtati mag'lubiyat Sent-Bonaventure uchinchi o'rin uchun.

Quyida "Shirin O'n oltinchi" turdan milliy chempionat o'yiniga qadar bo'lgan 1939 yildan - musobaqaning birinchi yili - bugungi kungacha bo'lgan asosiy tarkib jamoalarining o'yinlari ko'rsatilgan jadval mavjud.

Izohlar

• Birinchi ustun har bir yirik anjumanlarning ro'yxati. Oldingi nomlarga ega bo'lgan konferentsiyalar uchun izohda (jadval ostida) ushbu nomlar va yillar ko'rsatilgan. Har bir konferentsiya nomining qarshisida turnirda "Sweet o'n oltidan" maktab konferentsiya a'zosi yoki undan oldingi konferentsiyada qatnashgan paytdan boshlab paydo bo'lgan maktablar joylashgan.
• Hozir o'rta darajali deb hisoblanadigan ba'zi konferentsiyalar o'tmishda katta konferentsiyalar sifatida qabul qilingan. Masalan:
  • Missuri vodiysi konferentsiyasi, 1970-yillarning o'rtalarida (Indiana shtatining 1979 yilgi chempionlik o'yiniga qadar) eng taniqli a'zolari tark etilgunga qadar, basketbol bo'yicha katta konferentsiya deb hisoblanardi.
  • AQSh konferentsiyasi 1995 yilda tashkil topganida katta konferentsiya sifatida qabul qilingan 2005, uning bir nechta taniqli jamoalari Katta Sharq konferentsiyasiga jo'nab ketishganida va shubhasiz davomida o'rtamiyona bo'lishgan 2010-yillarning boshlarida qayta rejalashtirish tsikli.
  • WAC 1999 yilgacha katta konferentsiya sifatida qaraldi, uning 16 a'zosidan 8 nafari Tog'li G'arbiy konferentsiyani tuzish uchun tark etishdi.
  • MW katta basketbol konferentsiyasi sanaldi 2011, uning eng taniqli basketbol dasturlaridan ikkitasi (BYU va Yuta) boshqa konferentsiyalarga (o'z navbatida, G'arbiy Sohil Konferentsiyasi va Pac-12) jo'nab ketganda.
• Yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, chuqur musobaqalar davomida "o'rta-yirik" konferentsiyalar ishtirokchilari bo'lgan ba'zi dasturlar, shu bilan birga, o'sha paytdagi asosiy dasturlar sifatida keng tarqalgan. Xuddi shu narsa 1980-yillardan oldin mustaqil bo'lgan ko'plab dasturlarga tegishli. Bunga 50-yillarda San-Frantsisko, 70-yillarda Market, 20-asrning so'nggi qismida UNLV va bugungi kunda Gonzaga kiradi (lekin ular bilan cheklanib qolmaydi).

Tugatilgan konferentsiyalar va mustaqillar

Ushbu jadvalda turnirda muvaffaqiyatni hozirda bo'lib o'tmagan konferentsiyalardan ko'rgan yoki mustaqil bo'lgan o'rta guruhlar ko'rsatilgan.

The Metro konferentsiyasi 1975 yildan 1995 yilgacha faoliyat yuritgan, bu erda ro'yxatga olinmagan, chunki u butun tarixi davomida katta basketbol konferentsiyasi hisoblangan. Eng muhimi, Louisville, Liganing butun faoliyati davomida a'zosi bo'lgan, Metroda bo'lganida NCAA tomonidan tan olingan ikkala unvonni ham qo'lga kiritgan (1980, 1986).

Turnir qurg'oqchiliklari

NCAA turniri (eng kamida 20 yillik qurg'oqchilik) o'rtasida eng ko'p vaqt bo'lgan maktablar ro'yxati:

2018 yilgacha "asosiy kollej" deb hisoblangan to'rtta maktab Associated Press birinchi nashr qilganida kollej basketbol reytingi 1948 yilda va APning "asosiy" tasnifida doimiy ravishda qatnashib kelayotganlar, hali milliy turnirga chiqishmagan. NCAA 1956 yilgacha (universitet va kollej) bo'linishlarga bo'linmagan bo'lsa-da, AP basketbol reytingi davomida "asosiy kollejlarni" "kichik kollejlar" dan ajratib turdi.

Turnirning rivojlanishi

NCAA turniri o'tgan yillar davomida o'z formatini ko'p marta o'zgartirdi, ularning aksariyati quyida keltirilgan.

Maydonni kengaytirish

NCAA turnir maydoni o'zining tarixi davomida bir necha bor kengaygan.

Yillar	Jamoalar	Xayr	O'ynash o'yinlar
1939–1950	8
1951–1952	16
1953–1968	22–25	7–10
1969–1974	25	7
1975–1978	32	0
1979	40	24
1980–1982	48	16
1983	52	16	4
1984	53	16	5
1985–2000	64	0	0
2001–2010	65	0	1
2011–	68	0	4

Xulosasidan keyin 2010 Turnirda turnir hajmini 128 jamoaga etkazish haqida taxminlar bor edi. 1 aprel kuni NCAA 96 jamoaga kengayishni ko'rib chiqayotganini e'lon qildi 2011. 22 aprelda NCAA CBS / Turner bilan yangi televizion shartnomani e'lon qildi, bu maydonni 68 jamoaga kengaytirdi.

2011 yildan to 2015, 64-tur ikkinchi davra deb hisoblanadi; yilda boshlangan 2016, 64-tur yana birinchi davra deb hisoblanadi.

Urug'lik tarixi va statistikasi

Urug'lantirish jarayoni birinchi marta ishlatilgan 1978 avtomatik ravishda malakali (Q) va katta (L) jamoalar uchun, so'ngra o'z mintaqasidagi barcha jamoalar uchun 1979. 2004 yildan boshlab, NCAA to'liq urug'lik raqamlarini chiqarishni boshladi, bu umumiy # 1 urug'ini ma'lum qildi.

Yil va mintaqalar bo'yicha 1-sonli urug'lar

Urug'larni ekishda NCAA to'rtta mintaqalar uchun quyidagi nomlardan foydalangan, bundan tashqari 2004 yildan 2006 yilgacha, ular mezbon shaharlar nomi bilan atalgan bo'lsa:

• Sharq
• G'arb
• O'rta g'arbiy (2011 yilda "Janubi-g'arbiy")
• Janubiy (1998–2010 va 2012 - hozirgi, "O'rta Sharq" 1957–1984, "Janubi-Sharqiy" 1985–1999 va 2011)

* Dam olish.
Qalin guruhi ham g'oliblikni qo'lga kiritdi.
† Umuman olganda №1 urug '2004 yildan boshlangan.
Bugungi kunga qadar, faqat Kentukki va Virjiniya to'rt mintaqaning har birida # 1 urug'iga ega

Maktab bo'yicha №1 urug'larning soni

So'nggi marta 2018 yilgi musobaqa orqali yangilandi.
* Dam olish kunlari chiqarib tashlandi (qarang Yil va mintaqalar bo'yicha # 1 urug'lar ).

Joylar

Final to'rtligini o'tkazgan barcha shahar va arenalarning ro'yxati bilan tanishish uchun Mezbon shaharlar, quyida.

Shahar auditoriyasi yilda Missuri, Kanzas-Siti, To'qqiz marotaba finalni, so'ngra uchinchisini o'tkazgan Madison Square Garden yetti marta mezbonlik qilgan Nyu-York shahrida va Louisville Ozodlik zali, olti marta mezbonlik qildi. Qo'shimcha ravishda, Indianapolis uchta maydonda etti marta To'rt finalga mezbonlik qilgan.

Stadion kattaligi va gumbazlari

Kimdan 1997 ga 2013, NCAA barcha Final Four sessiyalarining minimal sig'imi 40,000 bo'lgan gumbazli stadionlarda o'tkazilishini talab qildi, odatda ishlatilayotgan gumbazning faqat yarmi mavjud. The Metrodoma yilda Minneapolis, qaysi odatda mezbonlik qilgan beysbol va futbol, sudning dastlabki uchlari bo'ylab sudning atrofidagi vaqtinchalik stendlar bilan uzun uchlaridan biri bor edi, shunda tashqi maydonning aksariyati aktsiyadan ajralib turardi. Xuddi shunga o'xshash futbol stadionlarida ham shunday edi Alamodom yilda San-Antonio va RCA Dome yilda Indianapolis. Final to'rtligini o'tkazgan so'nggi NBA arenasi Meadowlands Arena, keyin Continental Airlines Arena deb nomlanuvchi, yilda 1996. Sifatida 2009, gumbazning tagida qo'shimcha o'tiradigan joylarni qo'shish va gumbaz ostidan uch metr balandlikdagi maydonchani ko'tarish orqali eng kami 70000 ga ko'tarildi. Ford Field yilda Detroyt 2009 yil to'rtinchi finalga mezbonlik qilgan.

2012 yil sentyabr oyida NCAA vaqti-vaqti bilan Final Fours-ni yirik metropoliten maydonlarida basketbolga xos maydonlarga qaytarish imkoniyati to'g'risida dastlabki munozaralarni boshladi. Ga binoan ESPN.com yozuvchi Endi Kets, Mark Lyuis 2012 yil davomida chempionatlar uchun NCAA ijrochi vitse-prezidenti lavozimiga ishga qabul qilinganda, "u AQSh xaritasini chiqardi va ikkala qirg'oq ham" To'rtlik finali "ni o'tkazishdan ancha qolganligini ko'rdi."^[18] Lyuis Katzga bergan intervyusida,

Qaerda bo'lsa ham, bu qaerga olib borishini bilmayman, lekin to'g'ri narsa - o'tirib, suhbatlashib, sakkizdan ortiq shaharlarda chempionatimizni xohlaymizmi yoki biz faqat gumbazda o'ynashni yoqtiramizmi? Biz chempionatimiz o'ynaydigan shaharlarning birortasi Nyu-York, Boston, Los-Anjeles, Chikago yoki Mayami deb nomlanmagan. Biz talabalar shaharchasida o'ynamaymiz. Biz professional futbol arenalarida o'ynaymiz.^[18]

O'sha paytdagi mezonlarga ko'ra, ikkitasidan tashqari barchasi hozirda faqat o'n bitta stadion NFL joylar, to'rtinchi final joylari sifatida qaralishi mumkin:^[18]

• AT&T stadioni, Arlington (2009 yilda ochilgan)
  • Dastlab Kovboylar stadioni sifatida tanilgan AT&T Stadium basketbolda dunyoda rekord ko'rsatkichga ega bo'lib, unda 108713 kishi qatnashgan. 2010 yil NBA yulduzlar o'yini.^[19]
• Allegiant stadioni, Las-Vegas (2020 yilda ochilgan)
• Amerika markazidagi gumbaz, Sent-Luis (1995 yilda ochilgan)
• Ford Field, Detroyt (2002 yilda ochilgan)
• Lukas Neft stadioni, Indianapolis (2008 yilda ochilgan)
• Mercedes-Benz stadioni, Atlanta (2017 yilda ochilgan)
  • o'rniga Jorjiya gumbazi, 1992 yil avgustdan 2017 yil martgacha ishlaydi
• Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Yangi Orlean (1975 yilda ochilgan)
• NRG stadioni, Xyuston (2002 yilda ochilgan)
• Sovxoz stadioni, Glendeyl (2007 yilda ochilgan)
• SoFi stadioni, Inglvud (2020 yilda ochilgan)
• AQSh bank stadioni, Minneapolis (2016 yilda ochilgan)
  • o'rniga Hubert H. Xamfri Metrodom, 1982 yil apreldan 2014 yil yanvargacha ishlaydi
• Alamodom, San-Antonio (1990 yilda ochilgan)

Final to'rtligini o'tkazgan ikkita gumbazli stadion - Alamodome (1998, 2004, 2008, 2018) va Tropikana dalasi yilda Sankt-Peterburg, Florida (1999) - Alamodom kollej futbol stadioni bo'lishiga va doimiy faoliyat ko'rsatishiga qaramay, mezbonlik huquqiga ega bo'lish uchun juda kichik deb hisoblangan. o'tiradigan joy 65000 kishidan. "Alamodome" dagi basketbol o'rnatilishi 2018 yilgacha stadionning faqat yarmidan foydalangan va 39,500 o'rinli edi. Bu 2018 yilgi to'rtinchi final uchun boshqa futbol inshootlari singari stadionning markazida baland sud maydonchasini joylashtirish uchun o'zgartirildi.^[18]

A ning birinchi misoli gumbazli stadion NCAA turniri final to'rtligi uchun ishlatilgan Xyuston Astrodom yilda 1971, ammo Final To'rtligi qadar gumbazga qaytib kelmaydi 1982 qachon Louisiana superdome Nyu-Orleanda ushbu tadbir birinchi marta bo'lib o'tdi.

Hozirgi Glendeyldagi "Farm Farm" stadionidagi 2017 NCAA Final Four.

2013 yil 12-iyun kuni Kats NCAA o'z siyosatini o'zgartirgani haqida xabar berdi. 2013 yil iyul oyida NCAA o'zining veb-saytida 2017-2020 yillarda yakuniy to'rtta taklifni taqdim etish joylari uchun portal mavjud edi va makon hajmiga qarab takliflarga cheklovlar qo'yilmadi. Shuningdek, NCAA kelajakdagi mintaqalar gumbazda saqlanmasligiga qaror qildi. Katsning hisobotida Lyuis mintaqalar aholisi uchun gumbazlardan foydalanish kelajakdagi "To'rtlik" final maydonchalari uchun quruq yo'l sifatida ishlatilishini ko'rsatdi, ammo bu aniq siyosat endi kerak emas edi, chunki 2014 yildan 2016 yilgacha bo'lgan "Final Four" saytlarining barchasi allaqachon mintaqaviy mehmonlarni qabul qilgan edi.^[20] Hech bo'lmaganda bitta boshqa hisobotda yangi siyosat hali ham yangi gumbazli stadionni yoki hech qachon final to'rtligini o'tkazmagan mavjud gumbazni (masalan, Farm Farm Stadium) kelajakdagi to'rtinchi finalga loyiq ko'rilgan taqdirda mintaqaviy qabul qilishga imkon berishini ko'rsatdi. . 2014 yil noyabrda, yangi siyosat ta'sirini aks ettirgan holda, NCAA hozirgi sovg'alar stadioni 2017 yilda to'rtlikning final uchrashuvini o'tkazishini e'lon qildi.^[21][22]

Boshqa o'zgarishlar

Konferentsiyalar bo'yicha takliflar

1975 yilgacha NCAA turnirida har bir konferentsiyada faqat bitta jamoa qatnashishi mumkin edi. Biroq, mamlakatdagi bir nechta yuqori o'rinlarni egallagan jamoalar turnirga kirish huquqidan mahrum bo'lishganidan keyin (masalan, 1970 yil davomida ACC muntazam o'yinida 14-0 bo'lgan Janubiy Karolina, ammo ACC turnirida yutqazgan; Janubiy Kal, 2-o'rinni egallagan) 1971 yil davomida millat; va 1974 yilda millat ichida 3-o'rinni egallagan, ammo ACC turnir chempionati o'yinini oxir-oqibat milliy chempioni Shimoliy Karolina shtatiga yutqazgan Merilend), NCAA turnirda shunchaki o'rniga katta jamoalarni joylashtira boshladi. konferentsiya chempionlari. Ba'zida katta yoshgacha bo'lgan davrda NIT turniri NCAA turniri bilan obro 'uchun kurash olib bordi. Biroq, 1950-yillarda NCAA hech bir jamoa ikkala turnirda ham ishtirok eta olmaydi degan qarorga keldi.^[23] Ammo 8-o'rinni egallagan Market 1970 yilda murabbiydan keyin taklifni rad etgan Al McGuire Warriors-ning mintaqaviy joylashuvi haqida shikoyat qildi va buning o'rniga NITga (u g'olib bo'ldi) bordi, NCAA qoidalarni o'zgartirib, NCAA Tournament-ning mavsumdan keyingi har qanday musobaqada ishtirok etish huquqini rad etgan jamoani taqiqladi. O'shandan beri NCAA musobaqasi aniq eng muhim musobaqa bo'lib, unda konferentsiya chempionlari va eng yuqori reytingga ega jamoalarning aksariyati ishtirok etishdi.^[24]

Yupatish o'yinlari

Uchinchi o'rin uchun o'yin 1946 yildan 1981 yilgacha bo'lib o'tdi. Bundan tashqari, musobaqa 1939 yilda birinchi bo'lib faqat ikkita mintaqaviy (Sharq va G'arbiy) ishtirokida o'tkazilganda, G'arb uchinchi o'rin uchun o'yin o'tkazdi, ammo Sharq bunday qilmadi. The East began holding its own third-place game in 1941, and from then on every regional held a third-place game through the 1975 tournament.

Play-In games

Beginning in 2001, the field was expanded from 64 to 65 teams, adding to the tournament what was informally known as the "play-in game." This was in response to the creation of the G'arbiy tog 'konferentsiyasi during 1999. Originally, the winner of the Mountain West's tournament did not receive an automatic bid, and doing so would mean the elimination of one of the at-large bids. As an alternative to eliminating an at-large bid, the NCAA expanded the tournament to 65 teams. The #64 and #65 seeds were seeded in a regional bracket as the 16a/16b seeds, and then played the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Opening Round Game (the "play-in game") on the Tuesday preceding the first weekend of the tournament. This game was always played at the Dayton Arena universiteti in Dayton, Ohio.

During 2011, the tournament expanded to 68 teams. Four "play-in" games are now played, officially known as the "First Four".^[25] However, the teams playing in the First Four are emas automatically seeded #16; their seeding is determined by the committee on Selection Sunday. Explaining the reasoning for this format, selection committee chairman Dan Guerrero said, "We felt if we were going to expand the field it would create better drama for the tournament if the First Four was much more exciting. They could all be on the 10 line or the 12 line or the 11 line."^[25]

Play-In round naming

From 1985 to 2010, the round consisting of 64 teams and 32 games was called the "first round", while the round consisting of 32 teams and 16 games was called the "second round". From 2011 to 2015, the "First Four" became the first round. The round after the "First Four", the round of 64 played on Thursday and Friday, was called the "second round"; the round of 32 was then called the "third round", consisting of games played on Saturday and Sunday.^[25] In 2016, the naming reverted to the round of 64 being the "first round" once again, and the round of 32 being the "second round".^[26]

Pod system

For the 1985 to 2001 tournaments, all teams playing at a first- or second-round site fed into the same regional site. Since 2002, the tournament has used the "pod system" designed to limit the early-round travel of as many teams as possible. In the pod system, each of the eight first- and second-round sites is assigned two pods, where each group of four teams play each other. A host site's pods may be from different regions, and thus the winners of each pod would advance into separate regional tournaments.

The possible pods by seeding are:

• Pod #1: 1v16, 8v9
• Pod #2: 2v15, 7v10
• Pod #3: 3v14, 6v11
• Pod #4: 4v13, 5v12

National Semifinal seeding

Since 2004, the semi-final matches during the first day of the Final Four weekend have been determined by a procedure based upon the original seeding of the full field. From 1973 through 2003, the pitting of regional champions in the semi-finals was on a rotational basis. Prior to 1973, one semifinal matched the champions of the eastern regions, and the other matched the champions of the western regions.

Boshqa eslatmalar

Uy sudining afzalligi

On several occasions NCAA tournament teams played their games in their home arena. In 1959, Louisville played at its regular home of Ozodlik zali; however, the Cardinals lost to G'arbiy Virjiniya yarim finalda. In 1984, Kentucky defeated Illinois, 54–51 in the Elite Eight on its home court of Rupp Arena. In 1985, Dayton played its first-round game against Villanova (it lost 51–49) on its home floor. In 1986 (beating Brown before losing to Navy) and '87 (beating Georgia Southern and Western Kentucky), Syracuse played the first 2 rounds of the NCAA tournament in the Carrier Dome. Also in 1986, LSU played in Baton Rouge on its home floor for the first 2 rounds despite being an 11th seed (beating Purdue and Memphis State). In 1987, Arizona lost to UTEP on its home floor in the first round. 2015 yilda, Deyton played at its regular home of UD Arena, and the Flyers beat Boise shtati birinchi to'rtlikda.

Since the inception of the modern Final Four in 1952, only once has a team played a Final Four on its actual home court—Louisville in 1959. But through the 2015 tournament, three other teams have played the Final Four in their home cities, one other team has played in its metropoliten maydoni, and six additional teams have played the Final Four in their home states through the 2015 tournament. Kentukki (1958 in Louisville), UCLA (1968 va 1972 Los-Anjelesda, 1975 in San Diego), and North Carolina State (1974 in Greensboro) won the national title; Luisvill (1959 at its home arena, Ozodlik zali ); Purdue (1980 in Indianapolis) lost in the Final Four; and California (1960 in suburban San Francisco), Duke (1994 in Charlotte), Michigan State (2009 in Detroit), and Butler (2010 in Indianapolis) lost in the final.

In 1960, Cal had nearly as large an edge as Louisville had the previous year, only having to cross the San-Fransisko ko'rfazi to play in the Final Four at the Sigir saroyi yilda Deyli Siti; the Golden Bears lost in the championship game to Ogayo shtati. UCLA had a similar advantage in 1968 and 1972 when it advanced to the Final Four at the Los-Anjelesdagi Memorial Sport Arena, not many miles from the Bruins' homecourt of Pauli pavilyoni (also UCLA's home arena before the latter venue opened in 1965, and again during the 2011–12 season while Pauley was closed for renovations); unlike Louisville and Cal, the Bruins won the national title on both occasions. Butler lost the 2010 title 6 miles (9.7 km) from its Indianapolis campus and was regarded as the host school, as it is most times whenever the NCAA holds a tournament in Indianapolis (in the 2013 tournament, Butler's former conference, the Ufq Ligasi, was considered the host for the Midwest Regional rather than Butler).

Before the Final Four was established, the East and West regionals were held at separate sites, with the winners advancing to the title game. During that era, three New York City teams, all from Manxetten, played in the East Regional at Madison Square Garden —frequently used as a "big-game" venue by each team—and advanced at least to the national semifinals. Nyu-York won the East Regional in 1945 but lost in the title game, also held at the Garden, to Oklaxoma A&M. CCNY played in the East Regional in both 1947 va 1950; the Beavers lost in the 1947 East final to eventual champion Muqaddas xoch but won the 1950 East Regional and national titles at the Garden.

In 1974, North Carolina State won the NCAA tournament without leaving its home state of North Carolina. The team was put in the East Region, and played its regional games at its home arena Reynolds Kolizey. NC State played the final four and national championship games at nearby Greensboro Kolizey.

While not its home state, Kansas has played in the championship game in Missuri, Kanzas-Siti, only 45 minutes from the campus in Lourens, Kanzas, on four different occasions. In 1940, 1953, and 1957 the Jayhawks lost the championship game each time at Shahar auditoriyasi. In 1988, playing at Kansas City's Kemper Arena, Kansas won the championship, over Big Eight–rival Oklahoma. Similarly, in 2005, Illinoys ichida o'ynagan Sent-Luis, Missuri, where it enjoyed a noticeable homecourt advantage, yet still lost in the championship game to North Carolina.

Bayroqqa oid bahs

The NCAA had banned the Bon Secours sog'lomlashtirish arenasi, originally known as Bi-Lo Center, and Mustamlaka hayot arenasi, originally Colonial Center, in Janubiy Karolina from hosting tournament games, despite their sizes (16,000 and 18,000 seats, respectively) because of an NAACP protest at the Bi-Lo Center during the 2002 first and second round tournament games over that state's refusal to completely remove the Konfederatsiya jang bayrog'i from the state capitol grounds, although it had already been relocated from atop the capitol dome to a less prominent place in 2000. Following requests by the NAACP and Qora murabbiylar assotsiatsiyasi, the Bi-Lo Center, and the newly built Colonial Center, which was built for purposes of hosting the tournament, were banned from hosting any future tournament events.^[27] Natijada removal of the battle flag from the South Carolina State Capitol, the NCAA lifted its ban on South Carolina hosting games in 2015, and it was able to host in 2017 due to House Bill 2 (see next section).^[28]

House Bill 2

On September 12, 2016, the NCAA stripped the State of North Carolina of hosting rights for seven upcoming college sports tournaments and championships held by the association, including early round games of the 2017 NCAA I divizioni erkaklar o'rtasida basketbol musobaqasi scheduled for the Greensboro Coliseum. The NCAA argued that House Bill 2 made it "challenging to guarantee that host communities can help deliver [an inclusive atmosphere]".^[29][30] Bon Secours Wellness Arena was able to secure the bid to be the replacement site.^[31]

Rituals and influence

The NABC Championship Trophy

NCAA-style trophies for various sports as seen at UCLA.

Cutting down the nets

As a tournament ritual, the winning team cuts down the nets at the end of regional championship games as well as the national championship game. Starting with the seniors, and moving down by classes, players each cut a single strand off of each net; the head coach cuts the last strand connecting the net to the hoop, claiming the net itself.^[32] An exception to the head coach cutting the last strand came in 2013, qachon Louisville bosh murabbiy Rik Pitino gave that honor to Kevin Ware, who had suffered a catastrophic leg injury during the tournament.^[33] This tradition is credited to Everett ishi, the coach of Shimoliy Karolina shtati, who stood on his players' shoulders to accomplish the feat after the Wolfpack won the Southern Conference tournament in 1947.^[34] CBS, since 1987 and yearly to 2015, in the odd-numbered years since 2017, and TBS, since 2016, the even-numbered years, close out the tournament with "Bitta yorqin lahza "tomonidan ijro etilgan Lyuter Vandros.

Jamoa mukofotlari

Just as the Olympics awards gold, silver, and bronze medals for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place, respectively, the NCAA awards the National Champions a gold-plated Wooden NCAA National Championship trophy. The loser of the championship game receives a silver-plated National Runner-Up trophy for second place. Since 2006, all four Final Four teams receive a bronze plated NCAA Regional Championship trophy; prior to 2006, only the teams who did not make the title game received bronze plated trophies for being a semifinalist.

The champions also receive a commemorative gold championship ring, and the other three Final Four teams receive Final Four rings.

The Basketbol bo'yicha murabbiylarning milliy assotsiatsiyasi also presents a more elaborate marble/crystal trophy to the winning team. Ostensibly, this award is given for taking the top position in the NABC's end-of-season poll, but this is invariably the same as the NCAA championship game winner. 2005 yilda, Siemens AG acquired naming rights to the NABC trophy, which is now called the Siemens Trophy. Formerly, the NABC trophy was presented right after the standard NCAA championship trophy, but this caused some confusion.^[35] Since 2006, the Siemens/NABC Trophy has been presented separately at a press conference the day after the game.^[36]

Eng taniqli o'yinchi

After the championship trophy is awarded, one player is selected and then awarded the Eng taniqli o'yinchi award (which almost always comes from the championship team). It is not intended to be the same as a Most Qimmat Player award although it is sometimes informally referred to as such.

Influence on the NBA draft

Chunki National Basketball Association Draft takes place just three months after the NCAA tournament, NBA executives have to decide how players' performances in a maximum of seven games, from the First Four to the championship game, should affect their draft decisions. A 2012 study for the Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi explores how the March tournament affects the way that professional teams behave in the June draft. The study is based on data from 1997 to 2010 that looks at how college tournament standouts performed at the NBA level.^[37][38]

The researchers determined that a player who outperforms his regular season averages or who is on a team that wins more games than its seed would indicate will be drafted higher than he otherwise would have been. At the same time, the study indicated that professional teams don't take college tournament performance into consideration as much as they should, as success in the tournament correlates with elite professional accomplishment, particularly top-level success, where a player makes the NBA All-Star Team three or more times. "If anything, NBA teams undervalue the signal provided by unexpected performance in the NCAA March Madness tournament as a predictor of future NBA success."^[37][38]

Television coverage and revenues

Current television contracts

Since 2010, the NCAA has had a joint contract with CBS va Turner Broadcasting. The coverage of the tournament is split between CBS, TNT, TBS va truTV.^[39]

Broadcasters from CBS, TBS, and TNT's sports coverage are shared across all four networks, with CBS' college basketball teams supplemented with Turner's NBA teams, while studio segments take place at the CBS Broadcast Center in New York City and Turner's studios in Atlanta. In the New York-based studio shows, CBS' Greg Gumbel va Klark Kellogg qo'shiladi Erni Jonson, kichik, Kenni Smit va Charlz Barkli of TNT's NBA ichida esa Set Devis ning CBS assists with Keysi Stern va turli xil NBA TV shaxslar. While two of Turner's NBA voices, Kevin Xarlan va Yan burgut, are already employed by CBS in other capacities, they also lend analysts Reggi Miller, Kris Uebber, Grant Xill va Stiv Smit and secondary play-by-play man Brayan Anderson to CBS. In turn, CBS announcers Jim Nants, Bred Nessler, Spero Dedes, Andrew Catalon va Karter Blekbern appear on Turner network broadcasts along with analysts Jim Spanarkel, Bill Raftery va Dan Bonner.

The current contract runs through 2024 and, for the first time in history, provides for the nationwide broadcast each year of all games of the tournament. Hammasi Birinchi to'rtlik o'yinlar efirga uzatiladi truTV. A featured first- or second-round game in each time "window" is broadcast on CBS, while all other games are shown either on TBS, TNT or truTV. The regional semifinals, better known as the Sweet Sixteen, are split between CBS and TBS. CBS had the exclusive rights to the regional finals, also known as the Elite Eight, through 2014. That exclusivity extended to the entire Final Four as well, but after the 2013 tournament Turner Sports elected to exercise a contractual option for 2014 and 2015 giving TBS broadcast rights to the national semifinal matchups.^[40] CBS kept its national championship game rights.^[40]

Since 2015, CBS and TBS split coverage of the Elite Eight. Since 2016 CBS and TBS alternate coverage of the Final Four and national championship game, with TBS getting the final two rounds in even-numbered years, and CBS getting the games in odd-numbered years. Talab bo'yicha mart oyida jinnilik would remain unchanged, although Turner was allowed to develop their own service.^[41]

The CBS broadcast provides the NCAA with over $500 million annually, and makes up over 90% of the NCAA's annual revenue.^[42] The revenues from the multibillion-dollar television contract are divided among the Division I basketball playing schools and conferences as follows:^[43]

• 1/6 of the money goes directly to the schools based on how many sports they play (one "share" for each sport starting with 14, which is the minimum needed for Division I membership).
• 1/3 of the money goes directly to the schools based on how many scholarships they give out (one share for each of the first 50, two for each of the next 50, ten for each of the next 50, and 20 for each scholarship above 150).
• 1/2 of the money goes to the conferences based on how well they did in the six previous men's basketball tournaments (counting each year separately, one share for each team getting in, and one share for each win except in the Final Four and, prior to the 2008 tournament, the O'ynash o'yini ). In 2007, based on the 2001 through 2006 tournaments, the Big East received over $14.85 million, while the eight conferences that did not win a first-round game in those six years received slightly more than $1 million each. Most conferences distribute most of the revenue evenly to its member institutions, regardless of performance.^[44]

The Division I Men's Basketball tournament is the only NCAA championship tournament where the NCAA does not keep the profits.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

History of television coverage

CBS has been the major partner of the NCAA in televising the tournament since 1982, but there have been many changes in coverage since the tournament was first broadcast in 1969.

Early broadcast coverage

From 1969 to 1981, the NCAA tournament aired on NBC, but not all games were televised. The early rounds, in particular, were not always seen on TV.

1982 yilda, CBS obtained broadcast television rights to the NCAA tournament.

ESPN & CBS share coverage

1980 yilda, ESPN began showing the opening rounds of the tournament. This was the network's first contract signed with the NCAA for a major sport, and helped to establish ESPN's following among college basketball fans. ESPN showed six first-round games on Thursday and again on Friday, with CBS, from 1982 to 1990, then picking up a seventh game at 11:30 pm ET. Thus, 14 of 32 first-round games were televised. ESPN also re-ran games overnight. At the time, there was only one ESPN network, with no ability to split its signal regionally, so ESPN showed only the most competitive games. During the 1980s, the tournament's popularity on television soared.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

CBS takes over

However, ESPN became a victim of its own success, as CBS was awarded the rights to cover all games of the NCAA tournament, starting in 1991. Only with the introduction of the so-called "play-in" game (between the 64 seed and the 65 seed) in the 2000s, did ESPN get back in the game (and actually, the first time this "play-in" game was played in 2001, the game was aired on Milliy tarmoq, using CBS graphics and announcers, as both CBS and TNN were both owned by Viacom vaqtida.^[45]

Through 2010, CBS broadcast the remaining 63 games of the NCAA tournament proper. Most areas saw only eight of 32 first-round games, seven of 16 second-round games, and four of eight regional semifinal games (out of the possible 56 games during these rounds; there would be some exceptions to this rule in the 2000s). Coverage preempted regular programming on the network, except during a 2-hour window from about 5 ET until 7 ET when the local affiliates could show programming. The CBS format resulted in far fewer hours of first-round coverage than under the old ESPN format but allowed the games to reach a much larger audience than ESPN was able to reach.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

During this period of near-exclusivity by CBS, the network provided to its local affiliates three types of feeds from each venue: constant feed, swing feedva flex feed. Constant feeds remained primarily on a given game, and were used primarily by stations with a clear local interest in a particular game. Despite its name, a constant feed occasionally veered away to other games for brief updates (as is typical in most American sports coverage), but coverage generally remained with the initial game. A swing feed tended to stay on games believed to be of natural interest to the locality, such as teams from local conferences, but may leave that game to go to other games that during their progress become close matches. On a flex feed, coverage bounced around from one venue to another, depending on action at the various games in progress. If one game was a blowout, coverage could switch to a more competitive game. A flex feed was provided when there were no games with a significant natural local interest for the stations carrying them, which allowed the flex game to be the best game in progress. Station feeds were planned in advance and stations had the option of requesting either constant or flex feed for various games.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Viewing options emerge

1999 yilda, DirecTV began broadcasting all games otherwise not shown on local television with its Mega March Madness premium package. The DirecTV system used the subscriber's pochta indeksi to black out games which could be seen on broadcast television. Prior to that, all games were available on C-Band satellite and were picked up by sports bars.

In 2003, CBS struck a deal with Yahoo! to offer live streaming of the first three rounds of games under its Yahoo! Platinum service, for $16.95 a month.^[46] In 2004, CBS began selling viewers access to Talab bo'yicha mart oyida jinnilik, which provided games not otherwise shown on broadcast television; the service was free for AOL obunachilar. 2006 yilda, Talab bo'yicha mart oyida jinnilik was made free, and continued to be so to online users through the 2011 tournament. For 2012, it once again became a pay service, with a single payment of $3.99 providing access to all 67 tournament games. In 2013, the service, now renamed March Madness Live, was again made free, but uses Turner's rights and infrastructure for Hamma joyda televizor, which requires sign-in though the password of a customer's cable or satellite provider to watch games, both via PC/Mac and mobile devices. Those that do not have a cable or satellite service or one not participating in Turner's TV Everywhere are restricted to games carried on the CBS national feed and three hours (originally four) of other games without sign-in, or coverage via Westwood One 's radio coverage. Effective with the 2018 tournament, the national semifinals and final are under TV Everywhere restrictions if they are aired by Turner networks; before then, those particular games were not subject to said restrictions.

Bunga qo'chimcha, CBS Sport tarmog'i (formerly CBS College Sports Network) had broadcast two "late early" games that would not otherwise be broadcast nationally. Bu kunduzgi sessiyadagi ikkinchi o'yinlar edi Tinch okean mintaqasi, to avoid starting games before 10 AM. These games are also available via March Madness Live and on CBS affiliates in the market areas of the team playing. In other markets, newscasts, local programming or preempted CBS morning programming are aired. CBSSN is scheduled to continue broadcasting the official pregame and postgame shows and press conferences from the teams involved, along with overnight replays.^[47]

HDTV coverage

The Final Four has been broadcast in HDTV since 1999. From 2000 to 2004, only one first/second round site and one regional site were designated as HDTV sites. In 2005, all regional games were broadcast in HDTV, and four first and second round sites were designated for HDTV coverage. Ikkalasida ham translyatsiya qiluvchi mahalliy stantsiyalar raqamli va analog had the option of airing separate games on their HD and SD channels, to take advantage of the available high definition coverage. Beginning in 2007, all games in the tournament (including all first and second-round games) were available in high definition, and local stations were required to air the same game on both their analog and digital channels. Biroq, sun'iy yo'ldosh cheklovlari tufayli birinchi tur "doimiy" tasmalar faqat standart ta'rifda mavjud edi.^[48] Moreover, some digital television stations, such as WRAL-TV yilda Raleigh, Shimoliy Karolina, birinchi va ikkinchi bosqichlar va mintaqaviy yarim finallarning HDTV translyatsiyalarida qatnashmaslikni tanlang va mavjud bo'lgan o'tkazuvchanligidan foydalanib o'z signallarini ikkiga bo'ling. raqamli subkanallar ko'rsatmoq barchasi o'yinlar bir vaqtning o'zida davom etmoqda.^[49] 2008 yilga kelib, CBS translyatsiya markazidagi yangilanishlar barcha egiluvchan va doimiy ravishda turnirda HD formatida bo'lish imkoniyatini berdi.

Xalqaro translyatsiyalar

2011 yildan boshlab, ESPN International turnirga xalqaro translyatsiya qilish huquqiga egalik qiladi, qamrab olish tarmoqlarini va boshqa translyatsiya kompaniyalariga tarqatadi. ESPN foydalanib ishlab chiqarilgan "To'rtlik finali" va chempionat o'yinlari translyatsiyalari uchun dunyo lentasini ishlab chiqaradi ESPN kolleji basketboli xodimlar va sharhlovchilar.^[50][51][52]

Turnir statistikasi

Past darajadagi jamoalar

Eng muvaffaqiyatli past urug'lar

1985 yilda 64 ta jamoaga kengaytirilganidan beri past urug'lar uchun eng yaxshi natijalar:

16-sonli urug'larning eng yaxshi chiqishlari

Yilda 2018, UMBC erkaklar musobaqasida shokka tushib, birinchi raqamli tennischini mag'lubiyatga uchratgan birinchi 16-o'rinni egalladi Virjiniya 74–54. Ushbu yutuqdan oldin yana beshta 16 ta urug '4 yoki undan kam ochko yo'qotgan:

• Oxir oqibat Myurrey shtati yutqazdi Michigan shtati 4 ball (75-71) ga 1990, bu o'yinni olib boradigan yagona 16-raqamli jamoa edi vaqt o'tishi bilan.
• Sharqiy Tennessi shtati yutqazdi Oklaxoma yilda 1989 (1 ball, 72-71)
• Prinston yutqazdi Jorjtaun yilda 1989 (1 ball, 50-49)
• G'arbiy Karolina yutqazdi Purdue yilda 1996 (2 ball, 73-71)
• Fairleigh Dikkinson yutqazdi Michigan yilda 1985 (4 ball, 59-55)

Qo'shimcha past urug'li statistika

• Villanova 1985 yilda turnirda g'olib chiqqan 8-o'rinni egallagan eng past ko'rsatkichga ega jamoa bo'ldi.
• Milliy chempionat o'yinidagi eng past urug 'kombinatsiyasi bu 2014 juftlashtirish 7-sonli urug ' UConn va 8-sonli urug ' Kentukki. UConn g'alaba qozondi va musobaqada g'olib chiqqan ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi.
• 8-sonli urug'ning juftligi Butler va 11-sonli urug ' VCU ichida 2011 Milliy yarim final o'yinida milliy yarim final o'yinida qatnashish uchun eng past urug 'kombinatsiyasi (№ 8 va № 11) bo'lgan.
• Pennniki 1979 Final to'rtligi tashqi ko'rinishlar bilan ham ajralib turadi, chunki ular o'z mintaqalaridagi 10 ta jamoadan 9-o'rinni egallab, 64 yoshgacha bo'lgan davrda final to'rtligini eng past darajaga olib chiqishdi.^[53]
• Butler ketma-ket final to'rtligini (chempionat o'yinlari u yoqda tursin) amalga oshirgan yagona jamoadir, ammo u ham o'sha paytda 1 yoki 2-o'rinni egallamagan (2010 yil 5-son, 2011 yil 8-raqam).
• 1991, 2013 va 2016 har bir urug'dan kamida bittadan jamoa (16-raqamlardan tashqari) 32-bosqichga chiqqan yagona yillar edi.
• Richmond birinchi davra o'yinlarida g'alaba qozongan yagona jamoa - 15-son, 14-son, 13-raqam va 12-raqam.
• 2012 64-turda 15-raqamli urug'lardan 2-o'rindan yuqoriroq urug'larni ikki marotaba bezovta qilgan yagona turnir edi (har doim sakkiz marta bo'lgan).
• 1986, 1995 va 2015 64-turda 14-raqamli urug'lardan 3-o'ringa nisbatan ikkita xafa bo'lgan yagona turnir edi.
• 2014 NCAA turnirida urug 'farqi bo'yicha eng yuqori ko'rsatkichni hosil qildi, o'yinning barcha bosqichlarida 111 ta. Ya'ni quyi urg'uga ega jamoalar yutgan 22 o'yin o'rtasidagi urug 'yig'indisi (masalan., 3-sonli Dyuk ustidan 14-sonli Mercer, 8-sonli Kentukki, 1-sonli Vichita shtati) 111 yoshda edi.
• 2013 "Sweet o'n oltilik" da 12-o'rinni egallagan yoki undan pastroq uchta jamoani egallagan yagona turnir edi: 12-sonli Oregon, 13-sonli La Salle va 15-sonli Florida Gulf Coast.
• 2017, Janubiy Karolina shtati o'z mintaqasida 7-urug 'sifatida qatnashib, Dyuk A 2-o'rinni, Baylor 3-o'rinni va Florida-ni 4-o'rinni egallab, final to'rtligiga chiqdi.
• The 2018 Janubiy mintaqa 1979 yilda urug'larni ekishdan boshlangan birinchi mintaqa bo'lib, unda hech qanday top-4 urug 'Sweet Sixteen (5-son Kentukki, 7-Nevada, 9-son Kanzas shtati, 11-son Loyola-Chikago) ga o'tmagan.
  • Bundan tashqari, 9-sonli Kanzas shtati va 11-sonli Loyola-Chikagodagi Elita Sakkiz juftligi mintaqaviy finalda o'ynagan eng past juftlik bo'ldi.
• Jorjtaun ketma-ket beshta turnirda kamida besh pog'ona pastroqda to'p surgan jamoaga qarshi mag'lub bo'lgan yagona jamoa:
  • 2008 yil (32-tur): № 10 Devidson 74, № 2 Jorjtaun 70.
  • 2010 yil (64-tur): № 14 Ogayo shtati 97, № 3 Jorjtaun 83.
  • 2011 yil (64-tur): № 11 VCU 74, № 6 Jorjtaun 56.
  • 2012 yil (32-tur): 11-sonli shtat shtati 66, № 3 Jorjtaun 63.
  • 2013 yil (64-tur): 15-sonli Florida ko'rfazi sohillari 78, № 2 Jorjtaun 68.

E'tiborga molik nuqta tarqaldi

Yuqorida ta'kidlab o'tilganidek, turnirning dastlabki bosqichidagi xafagarchiliklarning ko'p holatlariga qaramay, birinchi davrada faqat bitta raqamli tennischi 16-raqam ostida tasniflangan mag'lubiyatga uchradi. Biroq, urug 'ekish urug'ni ekishdan oldin buzilish ta'sirini o'lchash usullaridan biri bo'lsa-da, nuqta tarqalishi xafa bo'lishning eng yaxshi hal qiluvchi omili edi va juda yaxshi ko'rilgan jamoaning yo'qotishi ko'pchilik uchun "xafa bo'lish" ta'rifi bo'lib qolmoqda. NCAA qimor o'yinlari bilan har qanday aloqani taqiqlaganligi sababli va nuqta tarqalishi qarab o'zgaradi kitob garovlarni olib, bu norasmiydir.

1985 yilda 64 ta jamoaga kengaytirilganidan buyon eng katta nuqsonlar:

• Norfolk shtati +21.5 tugadi Missuri 86–84 dyuym 2012^[54]
• UMBC +20.5 tugadi Virjiniya 74–54 yilda 2018^[55]
• Santa Klara +20 tugadi Arizona 64-61 dyuym 1993.^[54]
• Koppin shtati +18,5 dan oshdi Janubiy Karolina 78-65 dyuym 1997
• Arkanzas - Kichik Rok +17,5 dan oshdi Notre Dame 90-83 dyuym 1986^[54]
• Xempton +17,5 dan oshdi Ayova shtati 58-57 dyuym 2001^[54]

NCAA chempionati o'yinlari tarixidagi eng katta nuqsonlar:

• Konnektikut +9,5 dan oshdi Dyuk, 77-74, yilda 1999
• Villanova +9 tugadi Jorjtaun, 66-64, in 1985
• Kanzas +8 tugadi Oklaxoma, 83-79, yilda 1988
• Shimoliy Karolina shtati +7,5 dan oshdi Xyuston, 54-52 dyuym 1983
• Texas g'arbiy +6,5 dan oshdi Kentukki, 72-65 dyuym 1966

Yuqori darajadagi jamoalar

To'rtlik finalidagi barcha 1-raqamli urug'lar

# 1-daraja va boshqa darajalarga nisbatan (2018 yilgacha)

To'rtinchi raqamga to'rtinchi raqamli to'rtta ishtirok etgani bir marta sodir bo'ldi:

• 2008 – Kanzas (chempion), Shimoliy Karolina, UCLA, Memfis

1-raqamli urug'siz yakuniy to'rtliklar

Uch marta (maydon 64 ta jamoaga kengayganidan beri ikki marta) "To'rtlik" finalda 1-raqamsiz qatnashdi:

• 1980 - № 2 Louisville (chempion), № 5 Ayova, № 6 Purdue, № 8 UCLA
• 2006 - № 2 UCLA, № 3 Florida (chempion ), № 4 LDU, № 11 Jorj Meyson
• 2011 - № 3 Konnektikut (chempion ), № 4 Kentukki, № 8 Butler, № 11 VCU

1985 yildan buyon 1-chi uchta urug 'final to'rtligiga chiqadigan 4 ta holat mavjud; Ikki №1 urug 'tayyorlashning 13 ta holati; va faqat bitta 1-raqamli urug'ning Final To'rtlikka chiqqani 14 ta holat.

Chempionat o'yinidagi 1-raqamli urug'lar

Sakkiz marta (maydon 64 ga kengayganidan beri etti marta) chempionat o'yini 1-raqamli ikkita urug 'o'rtasida o'tkazilgan:

• 1982 - Shimoliy Karolina Jorjtaunni mag'lub etdi
• 1993 - Shimoliy Karolina Michiganni mag'lub etdi
• 1999 - Konnektikut Dyukni mag'lub etdi
• 2005 - Shimoliy Karolina Illinoysni mag'lub etdi
• 2007 - Florida Ogayo shtatini mag'lub etdi
• 2008 - Kanzas Memfisni mag'lub etdi
• 2015 - Dyuk Viskonsin ustidan g'alaba qozondi
• 2017 - Shimoliy Karolina Gonsagani mag'lub etdi

1985 yildan beri 1-raqamli urug 'chempionat o'yiniga etib kelgan 18 ta holat (1-urug' unvon o'yinidagi boshqa urug'larga qarshi 13-5) va 8-sonli 1-urug 'chempionlik o'yiniga kira olmagan.

Qo'shimcha №1 urug 'statistikasi

• 1997 yilda Arizona bitta turnirda 1-raqamli uchta urug'ni yutgan yagona jamoa bo'lganida rekord o'rnatdi. Arizona (4-raqam), Janubi-Sharqiy mintaqasida Kanzasni mag'lub etdi, so'ngra To'rtlik finalida Shimoliy Karolinani va nihoyat Chempionat o'yinida Kentukki ustidan g'alaba qozondi. Turnirda har qanday jamoa duch kelishi mumkin bo'lgan eng ko'p 1-urug 'uchtadan iborat (agar jamoaning o'zi 1-raqamli urug' bo'lmasligi sharti bilan, bu holda u turnirda faqat 2-raqamli urug'larga duch kelishi mumkin bo'lsa).
• 2011 yilda "To'rtlik" finaliga yo'l olgan eng yuqori urug 'Konnektikutning 3-o'rindagi urug'i bo'ldi, 2011 yilgi musobaqada esa 1-raqamli va 2-raqamli o'yinchilar o'yinning so'nggi dam olish kunlariga chiqmagan yagona vaqt bo'ldi. Xuddi shu musobaqada Butler har ikki mavsumda ham 1 yoki 2-o'rinlardan joy olmagan holda ketma-ket final to'rtligini amalga oshirgan birinchi dastur sifatida tarixga kirdi.
• Musobaqaga mag'lubiyatsiz kirgan 16 ta jamoa bor. Ushbu jamoalarning to'rttasi UCLA'dan edi va ushbu barcha Bruin jamoalari ushbu musobaqalarning har birida g'olib bo'lishdi. Ammo musobaqaga mag'lubiyatsiz kirgan qolgan 12 jamoadan atigi uchtasi turnir g'olibiga aylandi. Tafsilotlar uchun qarang quyidagi jadval.
• 1980, 1981 va 1982 yillarda, musobaqa 48 ta jamoa bo'lganida, DePaul 1-o'rinni egallagan, ammo birinchi bosqichda mag'lubiyatga uchragan.
• Nazariy jihatdan, 1-raqamli musobaqada g'olib bo'lishning eng qiyin olti o'yindagi yo'li bu 16-raqam, 8-raqam, 4-raqam, 2-raqam, 1-raqam va 1-raqamni mag'lub etishdir. - ketma-ket turlarda mumkin bo'lgan eng yuqori qarama-qarshi urug'lar. Bunday oltita o'yinning barchasida hech qanday birinchi raqamli g'olib bo'lmagan, garchi dastlabki beshta o'yinda ikkita jamoa g'alaba qozongan bo'lsa.
  • 2002 yilgi musobaqada Merilend 16/8/4/2/1 tarkibiga kiritilgan jamoalarni mag'lubiyatga uchratib finalga chiqdi; ular finalda 5-raqamli Indiana ustidan g'alaba qozonib, turnir g'olibiga aylanishdi.
  • 2015 yilgi musobaqada Viskonsin 16/8/4/2 / 1da birinchi o'rinni egallagan jamoalarni mag'lubiyatga uchratib, finalga chiqdi. Finalda ular oltita o'yin yo'lini to'liq bajarish uchun 1-raqamli Dyuk bilan to'qnash kelishdi. Biroq, Viskonsin finalda mag'lub bo'ldi.

Milliy so'rovnomalardagi 1-sonli jamoalar

Quyidagi jamoalar kirdi turnir AP, UPI yoki USA Today so'rovnomalarining kamida bittasida 1-o'rinni egalladi va musobaqada g'olib bo'ldi:^[56]

Mag'lubiyatsiz jamoalarning ishlashi

Jamoaning bu erda qayd etgani ularning rekordini anglatadi oldin NCAA musobaqasining birinchi o'yini.

Musobaqada bo'lmagan mag'lub bo'lmagan jamoalar

NCAA turniri 1975 yildan buyon keskin kengayib bordi va 1980 yilda ushbu musobaqa 48 jamoaga kengaytirilganidan beri mag'lubiyatsiz biron bir jamoa saralash bosqichidan o'ta olmadi. (Ta'rifga ko'ra, jamoa konferentsiya turnirida g'alaba qozonishi va shu tariqa mavsumda mag'lubiyatsiz bo'lishi uchun musobaqaga avtomatik tarzda kirish huquqini qo'lga kiritishi kerak edi, agar jamoaning mag'lubiyatsiz tugashi va turnirga etib bormasligining yagona yo'li bu jamoa bo'lsa mavsumdan keyingi o'yinlarda ishtirok etish taqiqlangan; 2016 yilga kelib, 1980 yildan buyon mavsumdan keyingi o'yinlarga taqiqlangan biron bir jamoa mag'lubiyatsiz tugamagan. Mag'lubiyatsiz jamoaning saralashdan o'tmasligi uchun boshqa imkoniyatlar: jamoa mustaqil yoki konferentsiyada hali avtomatik ravishda taklif mavjud emas.) Bungacha jamoa muntazam mavsumda mukammallikka erishgan, ammo NCAA turnirida ko'rinmagan holatlar bo'lgan.

• 1939 yil davomida Long-Aylend universiteti muntazam mavsumni mag'lubiyatsiz tugatdi, ammo birinchi NABC turniri o'rniga (keyinchalik NCAA turniri deb nomlandi) o'rniga ikkinchi NITga (ular yutgan) taklifnomani qabul qilishga qaror qildi, chunki NIT ko'proq obro'li edi. vaqt. Faqat 1950-yillarning o'rtalariga kelib, NCAA o'z maydoniga jamoalarni aniqlashda o'z musobaqasida "birinchi tanlov" bo'lishini talab qildi. Bungacha odatdagi mavsumda ko'plab muvaffaqiyatli jamoalar NCAA turniri o'rniga NITda o'ynashni tanladilar.
• 1940 yil davomida Seton Xoll 19-0 yilgi oddiy mavsumni tugatdi, ammo ularning rekordi asosan kuchsiz jamoalarga qarshi o'rnatildi va shu sababli ularni mavsumdan keyingi turnirga taklif qilmadi.
• 1941 yil davomida, Miluoki shtati muntazam mavsumni 16: 0 hisobida yakunladi, ammo ularning rekordi asosan kuchsiz jamoalarga qarshi o'rnatildi va shu sababli ularni mavsumdan keyingi turnirga taklif qilmadi.
• 1944 yil davomida armiya doimiy mavsumni mag'lubiyatsiz yakunladi. Ammo Ikkinchi Jahon urushi tufayli kursantlar mavsumdan keyingi o'yinlarga taklifni qabul qilmadilar.
• 1954 yil davomida Kentukki 25-0 ni yakunladi va musobaqaga taklif qilindi, ammo taklifnomani rad etdi.
• 1973 yil davomida Shimoliy Karolina shtatidagi Wolfpack muntazam ravishda 27-0 mavsumini yakunladi va 2-o'rinni egalladi (mag'lubiyatsiz va oxir-oqibat musobaqa chempioni UCLA ortida), ammo qoidabuzarliklarni yollaganligi uchun sinov paytida NCAA turnirida qatnashish taqiqlandi.
• 1979 yil davomida Alcorn State Braves muntazam mavsumni 27: 0 hisobida yakunladi, ammo NCAA turniriga taklif olmadi. Braves NITga taklifni qabul qildilar, u erda ikkinchi bosqichda yakuniy NIT chempioniga yutqazdilar Indiana.^[57]

Keyingi yil chempionlar yo'q

To'qqiz marotaba ushbu musobaqada amaldagi chempion (o'tgan yilgi g'olib) ishtirok etmagan:

• 1978 yilgi chempion Kentukki 1979 yilda 19-12 yilgacha bordi. Yovvoyi mushuklar Milliy taklifnoma turniri, birinchi davradagi o'yinni qo'shimcha vaqtda yutqazdi Klemson, 68–67.
• Ikkalasi ham 1979 yilgi chempion Michigan shtati (12-15) va 1979 yuguruvchi Indiana shtati (16–11) 1980 yilgi NCAA turniriga chiqa olmadi. Bundan tashqari, ikkalasi ham mehmonga taklif qilinmagan Milliy taklifnoma turniri, va Michigan shtati keyingi mavsumni yutqazgan rekord bilan yakunlagan yagona jamoa. 1979 yil NCAA musobaqasidan so'ng, Indiana shtati mag'lub bo'ldi Larri Bird bitiruvga va Sehrli Jonson Michigan shtatining ikkinchi kursidan keyin tark etish uchun NBA loyihasi.
• 1983 yilgi chempion Shimoliy Karolina shtati 1984 yilda 19-13 yillarda borgan. Wolfpack taklifnomani qabul qildi Milliy taklifnoma turniri, birinchi davradagi o'yinni mag'lubiyatga uchratdi Florida shtati, 74-71 dyuym Reynolds Kolizey.
• 1986 yilgi chempion Louisville 1987 yilda 18-14 ga bordi. Jamoa taklifiga rad javobini berdi postseason milliy taklifnoma turniri.
• 1988 yilgi chempion Kanzas 1989 yilda 19-12 ga bordi. Ammo jamoa shunday edi ishtirok etish huquqiga ega emas 1989 yildagi NCAA turnirida buzilishlarni yollash uchun NCAA sanktsiyalari tufayli.
• 2007 (va 2006 ) chempion Florida va 2007 yildagi ikkinchi o'rin Ogayo shtati ikkalasi ham 2008 yilda NCAA turniriga kira olmadilar. Ikkalasi ham o'sha yilga taklifnomalarni qabul qilishdi postseason milliy taklifnoma turniri va ikkalasi ham yarim finalga yo'l olishdi. Florida qulab tushdi Massachusets shtati yarim finalda va Ogayo shtati NM chempionati o'yinida UMassni mag'lub etib, musobaqada g'olib chiqdi.
• 2009 yilgi chempion Shimoliy Karolina 2010 yilda 20-17 gacha ketdi.^[58][59] Tar poshnali tomonidan taklifnoma qabul qilindi Milliy taklifnoma turniri, mag'lubiyatga uchrab finalga chiqdi Deyton.
• 2012 yilgi chempion Kentukki 2013 yilda 21–11ga borib, ushbu musobaqada ishtirok eta olmadi. Yovvoyi mushuklar ularga taklif qilindi Milliy taklifnoma turniri, qaerda mag'lub bo'lishdi Robert Morris musobaqaning birinchi davrasida.
• 2014 yilgi chempion UConn 2015 yilda 20-14 ga borib, ushbu turnirda ishtirok eta olmadi. Huskilarga taklif qilindi Milliy taklifnoma turniri va yutqazdi Arizona shtati birinchi davrada.

Murabbiylar

Ko'pgina milliy chempionatlar

• 10 milliy chempionat

Jon Vuden (1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975)

• 5 milliy chempionat

Mayk Kjyzevskiy (1991, 1992, 2001, 2010, 2015)^[60]

• 4 milliy chempionat

Adolf Rupp (1948, 1949, 1951, 1958)

• 3 milliy chempionat

Jim Kalxun (1999, 2004, 2011)

Bob Nayt (1976, 1981, 1987)

Roy Uilyams (2005, 2009, 2017)

• 2 milliy chempionat

Denni Krum (1980, 1986)

Billi Donovan (2006, 2007)

Genri Iba (1945, 1946)

Ed Jaker (1961, 1962)

McCracken filiali (1940, 1953)

Din Smit (1982, 1993)

Fil Vulpert (1955, 1956)

Jey Rayt (2016, 2018)

• 1 milliy chempionat

Faol murabbiylar o'rtasida milliy chempionatlar

• 5 Mayk Kjyzevskiy (1991, 1992, 2001, 2010, 2015)^[60]
• 3 Roy Uilyams (2005, 2009, 2017)
• 3 Jim Kalxun (1999, 2004, 2011)
• 2 Jey Rayt (2016, 2018)
• 1 Toni Bennett (2019)
• 1 Jim Bixeym (2003)
• 1 Jon Kalipari (2012)
• 1 Tom Izzo (2000)
• 1 Bill Self (2008)
• 1 Tubbi Smit (1998)

Bir nechta murabbiylar qo'l ostida milliy chempionatda g'olib bo'lgan maktablar

• Beshta murabbiy

Kentukki: Adolf Rupp, Djo B. Xoll, Rik Pitino, Tubbi Smit va Jon Kalipari

• Uchta murabbiy

Kanzas: Fog Allen, Larri Braun va Bill Self

Shimoliy Karolina: Frenk Makgayr, Din Smit va Roy Uilyams

• Ikki murabbiy

UConn: Jim Kalxun va Kevin Ollie

Indiana: McCracken filiali va Bob Nayt

Michigan shtati: Jud Xitkot va Tom Izzo

Shimoliy Karolina shtati: Norm Sloan va Jim Valvano

UCLA: Jon Vuden va Jim Xarrik

Villanova: Rolli Massimino va Jey Rayt

To'rtlik finaliga turli maktablarning aksariyat jamoalari yo'l olishdi

Rik Pitino rasman uchta jamoani to'rtlik finaliga olib chiqqan yagona murabbiy: Dalil (1987 ), Kentukki (1993, 1996, 1997 ) va Louisville (2005 ).

To'rtlik finaliga rasmiy ravishda ikkita maktabni olib borgan 12 ta murabbiy bor - Roy Uilyams, Eddi Satton, Frenk Makgayr, Lon Kruger, Xyu Durxem, Jek Gardner, Lute Olson, Gen Bartov, Forddi Anderson, Li Roz, Bob Xaggins va Lou Xenson.

• Larri Braun oldi UCLA 1980 yilda yakuniy to'rtlikka, ammo NCAA qoidalari buzilganligi sababli bo'shatildi. Shuningdek, u 1986 va 1988 yillarda Kanzasni oldi.

Nuqtaviy differentsiallar

Ochko farqi yoki g'alaba marjini chempionat o'yini yoki jamoaning butun turnirdagi natijalari bilan ko'rish mumkin.

Chempionat g'alabasi chegaralari

Chempionat o'yinidagi g'alabaning eng katta chegarasi

UNLV tomonidan 30 ball 1990 (103-73, Dyuk ustidan )

Chempionat o'yinida ortiqcha vaqt o'yinlari

Sakkiz marta chempionat o'yini reglament oxirida tenglashdi. Shunday holatlardan birida (1957 ) o'yin dublga, so'ngra uch karra qo'shimcha vaqtga o'tdi.

• Shimoliy Karolina 54, Kanzas 53 / 3OT (1957 )
• Yuta 42, Dartmut 40 (1944 )
• Cincinnati 65, Ogayo shtati, 60 (1961 )
• Loyola 60, Sincinnati 58 (1963 )
• Michigan 80, Seton Hall 79 (1989 )
• Arizona 84, Kentukki 79 (1997 )
• Kanzas 75, Memfis 68 (2008 )
• Virjiniya 85, Texas Tech 77 (2019 )

Chempionat o'yinidagi g'alabaning eng kichik chegarasi

Olti marta 1 ball

• Indiana 69, Kanzas 68 (1953 )
• Shimoliy Karolina 54, Kanzas 53 / 3OT (1957 )
• Kaliforniya 71, G'arbiy Virjiniya 70 (1959 )
• Shimoliy Karolina 63, Jorjtaun 62 (1982 )
• Indiana 74, Sirakuza 73 (1987 )
• Michigan 80, Seton Hall 79 / OT (1989 )

G'alabaning to'plangan chegaralari

Chempionat jamoalari tomonidan butun turnir davomida to'plangan eng katta ochko farqi

6 ta o'yin o'tkazgan jamoalar

• +129 Kentukki 1996 yil
• +124 Villanova 2016 yil
• +121 Shimoliy Karolina 2009 yil
• +112 UNLV 1990 yil
• +106 Villanova 2018

5 ta o'yin o'tkazgan jamoalar

• +115 Loyola – Chikago 1963 yil
• +113 Indiana 1981 yil
• +104 Michigan shtati 1979 yil
• +69 San-Frantsisko 1955 yil
• +66 Indiana 1976 yil

4 ta o'yin o'tkazgan jamoalar

• +95 UCLA 1967 yil
• +85 UCLA 1968 yil
• +78 Ogayo shtati 1960 yil
• +76 UCLA 1969 yil
• +72 UCLA 1970 yil
• +72 UCLA 1972 yil

3 ta o'yin o'tkazgan jamoalar

• +56 Oklaxoma A & M 1945 yil
• +52 Kentukki 1949 yil
• +51 Indiana 1940 yil
• +47 Kentukki 1948 yil
• +46 Oregon shtati 1939 yil

Chempionatda g'olib chiqqan va musobaqaning har bir o'yinida 10 ochkolik natijani qo'lga kiritgan jamoalar

10 ta maktab tomonidan 13 marotaba erishilgan

• Oregon (1939 )
• Kentukki (1949 )
• San-Fransisko (1956 )
• Ogayo shtati (1960 )
• UCLA (1967, 1970 va 1973 )
• Michigan shtati (1979 va 2000 )
• Indiana (1981 )
• Dyuk (2001 )
• Shimoliy Karolina (2009 )
• Villanova (2018 )

Urug'larni juftlashtirish natijalari

NCAA turniri% Bir martabaga ko'ra g'olib

1985 yilda 64 jamoaviy musobaqa boshlanganidan beri har bir juftlik 64-turda 140 o'yin o'tkazgan va quyidagi natijalarga erishgan:

64-tur natijalari

• 1-sonli urug '16-raqamli urug'ga qarshi 139-1 (.993)
• 2-chi urug '152-chi urug' (.943) ga qarshi 132-8.
• 3-sonli urug '14-sonli urug' (.850) ga nisbatan 119-21 ga teng.
• 4-sonli urug '13-2-sonli urug' (.793) ga nisbatan 111-29 ga teng.
• 5-sonli urug '12-chi urug'ga nisbatan 90-50 (.643)
• 6-chi urug ', 11-chi urug' (.629) ga qarshi 88-52 ga teng.
• 7-sonli urug '10-sonli urug' (.607) ga qarshi 85-55 gacha
• 8-sonli urug '9-raqamli urug'ga nisbatan 68-72 ga teng (.486)

32-tur

• 1/16 va 8/9 qavsda:

• 2/15 ga qarshi 7/10 qavsda:

• 3/14 va 6/11 qavsda:

• 4/13 va 5/12 qavsda:

16-tur natijalari

• 1/8/9/16 va 4/5/12/13 qavsida:

• 2/7/10/15 va 3/6/11/14 qavsida:

Mintaqaviy final natijalari

Mezbon shaharlar

Ushbu jadvalda "To'rtlik finalini" o'tkazgan yoki o'tkazadigan barcha shaharlar hamda "To'rtlik" finalida bo'lgan yoki o'ynaladigan joylar keltirilgan. Muayyan bir yilgi musobaqa haqida qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun to'g'ridan-to'g'ri o'sha yilgi NCAA erkaklar basketbol turniriga borish uchun yilni bosing yoki asosiy maqola.

Ommaviy madaniyat

Braketologiya va basseynlar

Musobaqani kim eng to'g'ri taxmin qilishi mumkinligi haqida hovuzlar yoki shaxsiy qimor o'yinlari bilan bog'liq musobaqalar mavjud. Turnir qavsini to'ldirish "milliy o'yin-kulgi" deb nomlangan. Prognozlar bilan turnir qavsini to'ldirish amaliyoti deb ataladi "braketologiya "va turnir davomida sport dasturlari sharhlovchilar tomonidan ularning bashoratlari to'g'riligini taqqoslash bilan juda ko'p. On Dan Patrik shousi, turli sohalardagi taniqli kishilarning xilma-xilligi (masalan Darius Raker, Charli Shein, Nil Patrik Xarris, Ellen DeJeneres, Deyv Grohl va Bruklin Dekker ) bashoratli to'liq qavslarni joylashtirdilar. Sobiq prezident Barak Obama qavs joylashtirilgan edi Oq uyning veb-sayti.

Turnirni bashorat qilishning ko'plab tizimlari mavjud. Ko'pchilik ma'lum bir uchrashuvda g'olib jamoani to'g'ri tanlaganligi uchun ko'proq ball to'playdi, keyingi bosqich g'oliblarini to'g'ri taxmin qilish uchun tobora ko'proq ochko beriladi. Ba'zilar xafagarchiliklarni to'g'ri prognoz qilish uchun bonus ballarini taqdim etishadi, bonus miqdori xafa bo'lish darajasiga qarab o'zgaradi. Ba'zilar shunchaki qavs ichida to'g'ri tanlangan jamoalarning g'alabalari uchun ochko berishadi.

64-guruhli NCAA qavsida g'oliblar uchun 2 ^ 63 yoki 9,2 kvintillion imkoniyatlar mavjud, bu esa mukammal qavsni tasodifiy tanlash imkoniyatini beradi (ya'ni urug 'raqami uchun tortishsiz) 9,2 kvintilliondan 1 gacha.^[61] 2011 yilda musobaqa maydoni 68 ta jamoaga kengaytirilishi bilan, agar dastlabki to'rtta ochilish davra o'yinlarini o'z ichiga oladigan bo'lsak, hozirda 2 ^ 67 yoki 147,57 kvintillion imkoniyat mavjud.

Mukammal qavsni yasay oladigan har bir kishiga kompaniyalar tomonidan beriladigan ko'plab mukofotlar va sovg'alar mavjud. Ulardan eng kattalaridan biri sheriklik bilan amalga oshirildi Kreditlarni tezlashtirish va Berkshir Xetvey tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlangan Uorren Baffet, 2014 yilgi musobaqa natijalarini to'g'ri bashorat qila oladigan har qanday shaxs (lar) ga 1 milliard dollar mukofot bilan. Hech kim bu vazifani uddalay olmadi va 1 milliard dollarlik mukofotni qo'lga kiritdi.^[62]

Turnir bilan bog'liq shartlar

Quyida ko'rsatilganidek, ushbu iboralarning hech biri mavjud emas faqat NCAA turniriga nisbatan ishlatilgan. Shunga qaramay, ular musobaqa bilan keng bog'liq bo'lib, ba'zida qonuniy sabablarga ko'ra, ba'zida bu Amerika sportining odatiy qismiga aylanganligi sababli.

Mart jinnilik

March Madness - mart oyida o'tkaziladigan mashhur basketbol musobaqalari. March Madness shuningdek, faqat NCAA tomonidan egalik qiluvchi ro'yxatdan o'tgan savdo belgisidir.

H. V. Porter bilan rasmiy shaxs Illinoys o'rta maktablari assotsiatsiyasi (va keyinchalik. a'zosi Basketbol shon-sharaf zali ), basketbol musobaqasini tasvirlash uchun Mart Madness-dan foydalangan birinchi odam edi. Porter nomli insho nashr etdi Mart jinnilik 1939 yil va 1942 yil davomida u bu iborani she'rda ishlatgan, Mart oyining basketbol o'yinlari. Yillar davomida, ayniqsa, Martda jinnilikdan foydalanish ko'paygan Illinoys, Indiana, va boshqa qismlari O'rta g'arbiy. Ushbu davrda bu atama deyarli faqat davlat maktablari musobaqalariga nisbatan ishlatilgan. 1977 yil davomida Jim Enayt Illinoys turniri haqida kitob chiqardi Mart jinnilik.^[63]

Muxlislar ushbu atamani 1980-yillarning boshlarida NCAA turniri bilan bog'lashni boshladilar. Dalillar shuni ko'rsatmoqdaki CBS sport ustasi Brent Musburger, ko'p yillar davomida ishlagan Chikago CBS-ga qo'shilishdan oldin har yili o'tkaziladigan turnir translyatsiyalari davomida ushbu atamani ommalashtirdi. NCAA 1984 yilda Mart Madness bayramini boshlaganligi uchun Sietl tashkiliy qo'mitasining vakili Bob Uolshni ishontirdi.^[64]

Faqat 1990-yillarda IHSA yoki NCAA haqida o'ylashdi savdo markasi bu muddat, va o'sha vaqtga qadar Intersport nomli kichik televizion prodyuserlik kompaniyasi allaqachon savdo belgisini qo'ygan edi. IHSA oxir-oqibat Intersport-dan savdo belgilariga bo'lgan huquqlarni sotib oldi va keyinchalik ustunligini o'rnatish uchun sudga murojaat qildi. IHSA kollej turniriga asoslangan kompyuter o'yini uchun March Madness nomidan foydalangan NCAA litsenziati GTE Vantageni sudga berdi. 1996 yil davomida tarixiy qaror bilan, Illinoys o'rta maktablari assotsiatsiyasi v GTE Vantage, Inc., Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining ettinchi davri bo'yicha apellyatsiya sudi IHSAga ham, NCAAga ham o'z maqsadlari uchun muddatni savdo belgisiga qo'yish huquqini berib, "ikki martalik ishlatiladigan savdo markasi" kontseptsiyasini yaratdi.

Qarordan keyin NCAA va IHSA birlashib, tovar belgisini litsenziyalashni muvofiqlashtirish va mumkin bo'lgan tovar belgilarining buzilishini tekshirish uchun "Mart Madness Athletic Association" ni tuzdilar. Bunday holatlardan biri Internetni olgan kompaniya bilan bog'liq domen nomi marchmadness.com va NCAA turniri haqida ma'lumot joylashtirish uchun foydalangan. 2003 yil davomida Mart jinnilik atletik assotsiatsiyasi Netfire, Inc., Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining Beshinchi davri bo'yicha apellyatsiya sudi March Madness umumiy atama emas deb qaror qildi va Netfire-ga NCAA domen nomidan voz kechishni buyurdi.^[65]

Keyinchalik 2000-yillarda IHSA ushbu markadan o'rta maktab chempionatlari bilan birgalikda foydalanish huquqini saqlab qolgan bo'lsa-da, tovar belgisidagi o'z ulushidan voz kechdi. 2010 yil oktyabr oyi davomida NCAA Intersport bilan kelishuvga erishdi va oxirgi kompaniyaning savdo belgisidan foydalanish uchun litsenziyasi uchun 17,2 million dollar to'ladi.^[66]

Shirin o'n oltita

Bu yakuniy 16 ta jamoadan tashkil topgan musobaqaning mintaqaviy yarim final bosqichi uchun mashhur termin. "Mart jinniligi" misolida bo'lgani kabi, bu birinchi marta o'rta maktab federatsiyasi tomonidan ishlatilgan - bu holda, Kentukki o'rta maktab atletika assotsiatsiyasi (KHSAA), ta'riflash uchun o'nlab yillar davomida ushbu atamani ishlatgan o'zining mavsum yakunlanadigan turnirlari. 1988 yilda rasmiy savdo markasini ro'yxatdan o'tkazgan. "March Madness" bilan bog'liq vaziyatdan farqli o'laroq, KHSAA "Sweet Sixteen" savdo belgisiga yagona egalik huquqini saqlab qoldi; bu kollektiv turnirlarda foydalanish uchun NCAA-ga litsenziya beradi.^[67]

To'rtinchi final

To'rtinchi final atamasi pley-off turnirida qolgan so'nggi to'rtta jamoani anglatadi. Bular turnirning to'rtta mintaqaviy qavslari chempionlari va musobaqaning so'nggi hafta oxiri qolgan yagona jamoalar. ("To'rtinchi final" atamasi musobaqaning dastlabki o'n yilliklarida ishlatilmagan bo'lsa ham, atama orqaga qarab so'nggi to'rtta jamoani oldingi yillardagi turnirlarga qo'shish uchun ishlatilgan, hattoki ikkita qavs mavjud bo'lganida ham).

Ba'zilar, "Final Four" iborasi birinchi bo'lib so'nggi o'yinlarni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan deb da'vo qiladilar Indiana basketbol bo'yicha har yili o'tkaziladigan o'rta maktab musobaqasi. Ammo ushbu atama bo'yicha savdo belgisiga ega bo'lgan NCAA, To'rtinchi Final a tomonidan yaratilganligini aytadi Oddiy diler sport muallifi Ed Chay, 1975 yilda rasmiy kollej basketbol qo'llanmasida paydo bo'lgan maqolasida.^[68] Maqolada ta'kidlangan Market universiteti 1974 yilgi musobaqaning "so'nggi to'rtligidan biri" bo'lgan. NCAA bu atamani 1978 yil davomida kapitallashtira boshladi va bir necha yildan so'ng uni savdo belgisiga o'zgartirdi.

So'nggi yillarda bu atama To'rtinchi final basketboldan tashqari boshqa sport turlari uchun ham ishlatilgan. Amaldagi musobaqalar To'rtinchi final o'z ichiga oladi EvroLiga basketbolda, Evropaning bir qator mamlakatlarida o'tkazilgan milliy basketbol musobaqalarida va hozirda bekor qilingan Evropa xokkey ligasida. Ism bilan birga To'rtinchi final, Ushbu musobaqalar NCAA uslubidagi formatni qabul qildilar, unda omon qolgan to'rtta jamoa bitta joyda, odatda, bitta dam olish kunida o'tkaziladigan bitta-bitta musobaqada qatnashadilar. Derivativ atama "Muzlatilgan to'rt "NCAA tomonidan so'nggi turlarga murojaat qilish uchun ishlatiladi I bo'lim erkaklar va ayollar muzli xokkey turnirlar. 1999 yilgacha bu shunchaki xokkey musobaqasining so'nggi ikki turidagi mashhur taxallus edi; rasmiy ravishda, u "Final Four" nomi bilan ham tanilgan.

Zolushka jamoasi

A ni tashkil etadigan biron bir rasmiy ta'rif mavjud emas Zolushka jamoasi, bunday jamoalar kichik maktablarning vakili ekanligi, turnirda odatda past darajadagi va turnirda kamida bitta kutilmagan g'alabani qo'lga kiritishi borasida kelishuvga erishilganga o'xshaydi. Bunga so'nggi misol Florida Gulf Coast universiteti, 1997 yilda birinchi mashg'ulotlarini olib borgan va 2011 yilda I diviziondan keyingi mavsumga kirish huquqiga ega bo'lgan nisbatan yangi maktab. Ular o'zlarining maktablarini o'tkazdilar birinchi ko'rinish 2013 yilgi turnirda ikkita o'yinda g'alaba qozonib, Sweet Sixeen-ga birinchi 15-o'rinni egalladi. Bu atama natijasida ommalashtirildi Nyu-York shahridagi shahar kolleji "s 1950 yildagi musobaqada muvaffaqiyatli ishtirok etish.^[69]

Izohlar

Adabiyotlar

Tashqi havolalar

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