Orville Hungerford - Orville Hungerford

Orville Hungerford
1830 Portret Orville Hungerford.jpg
A'zosi AQSh Vakillar palatasi
dan Nyu York "s 19-chi tuman
Ofisda
1843 yil 4 mart - 1847 yil 3 mart
OldingiSamuel S. Boun
MuvaffaqiyatliJozef Mullin
Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan
Orville Hungerford

(1790-10-29)1790 yil 29 oktyabr
Bristol, Konnektikut
O'ldi1851 yil 6-aprel(1851-04-06) (60 yosh)
Watertown, Nyu York
O'lim sababiBilious Cholic-dan asoratlar
Siyosiy partiyaDemokratik partiya (AQSh)
Turmush o'rtoqlar"Betsi" Elizabet Porter Stenli (1785–1861)
Kasbsavdogar, bankir, sanoatchi, militsiya a'zosi, siyosatchi, temir yo'l prezidenti

Orville Hungerford (1790 yil 29 oktyabr - 1851 yil 6 aprel) ikki muddat Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari vakili uchun 19-tuman uchun Nyu York. Shuningdek, u Nyu-Yorkdagi Votertaun shahrida taniqli savdogar, bankir, sanoatchi, mason, xayriya ishi va temir yo'l prezidenti edi.[1]

Dastlabki yillar

Etti farzandning eng kichigi Orvil Xanjerford tug'ilgan Farmington, Konnektikut (hozirgi Bristol) 1790 yil 29 oktyabrda.[2] Uning oilasi 1640 yilgacha bir muncha vaqt oldin Yangi dunyoga kelgan Xartfordlik Tomas Hungerforddan kelib chiqqanligini da'vo qilmoqda.[3] Katta iqtisodiy imkoniyatni qo'lga kiritish uchun Orvilning otasi Timoti Xanjerford oilasini ko'chib o'tdi Votertaun, Nyu-York 1804 yil bahorida.[4] Votertaun Nyu-York shtatining Qora daryosida, Ontario ko'li va go'zal Ming Orol mintaqasidan qisqa masofada joylashgan. O'rindiqqa aylangandan keyin Jefferson okrugi, Nyu-York 1805 yilda Watertown taniqli ishlab chiqarish markaziga aylandi.

Mahalliy tarixiy jamiyat tomonidan 1905 yilgi nasabnomadagi nashrda Orvil Xanjerfordning ta'limi quyidagicha tasvirlangan:

U boshidanoq sanoat va tejamkor odatlar hayoti edi. U liberal ta'limning hech qanday afzalliklariga ega emas edi, chunki u faqat o'z mahallasidagi umumiy maktablarda o'qish imtiyoziga ega edi. Ammo bu kitoblarda va u foydalanishi mumkin bo'lgan kitoblarni shaxsiy o'rganish orqali u bilimning boshlang'ich tarmoqlariga asoslanib, shu bilan birga o'qish va kuzatishga shunchalik odatlanib qolganki, hatto yoshligida ham erkin ma'lumotga ega va hayot o'rtalarida uning yutuqlari bugungi kunning ko'plab kollejlarini chalkashtirib yuborishi mumkin edi.[5]

Savdogar

Kashshof sifatida, fermasi bilan yordamga muhtoj bo'lgan Timoti Xanjerford o'g'lini faqat "qishki maktablarga" yuborishi mumkin edi, chunki u kollejga borishiga to'sqinlik qildi.[6] O'n to'rt yoshida Orvil erdan pul ishlashni yoqtirmagan, Nyu-York shtatining Burrs Mills (shuningdek, Burrvil) chegara qishlog'idagi qaynotasi Jabez Fosterning umumiy do'konida xizmatchi bo'lib ishlay boshladi.[7] Orvilning dastlabki ish vazifalari "supurgi, changyutgich, ofisist va qarovchi" dan iborat edi.[8] Ushbu biznes Foster va Tomas M. Converse o'rtasidagi hamkorlik edi. Orvil do'konni tomosha qilar ekan, Foster loyli vagonlarda va chanalarda Albanyga borar, so'ngra Watertownga qaytib kelishdan oldin mol sotib olish uchun shafqatsiz yo'l bilan Manxettenga mashaqqatli sayohat qilgan.[9] Votertaun va Nyu-York o'rtasida bunday ta'minot liniyasini yaratish keyingi yillarda juda muhimdir va Orvilda qattiq transport liniyalariga ehtiyoj seziladi.

Orvil o'n sakkiz yoshga to'lganida, Foster do'konni Votertaunga, gavjumroq joyga ko'chirdi. Orvilning mehnatsevarligi o'z samarasini berdi va u Fosterning "Foster & Hungerford" nomi bilan tanilgan sherigiga aylandi, u AQSh armiyasiga Sackets Harbour-da joylashgan mollarni sotishdan katta foyda ko'rdi. 1812 yilgi urush.[10]

Foster va Hungerford o'z transport tarmog'ini inglizlar bilan bo'lgan ikkinchi yirik mojaro paytida urush materiallarini etkazib berish uchun boshqalar bilan shartnoma tuzdi. Masalan, 1812 yil sentyabr oyida Jabez Foster Eber Xabbardni o'zi va Orvil Xanjerford tomonidan AQSh hukumati nomidan sotib olgan materiallarni Xubardning qayig'idan foydalangan holda "Sackett's Harbor" dan Sent-Lourens daryosi bo'ylab AQSh amerika qo'shinlariga sayohat qilish uchun sotib olish uchun yollagan. Ogdensburg, Nyu-York. Britaniya kuchlari Xubardning qayig'ini qo'lga olishdi. 1820 yil oxirida Xabbard kongressga 650-800 dollarga baholangan qayig'ining yo'qolishini qoplashni iltimos qildi. Xabbardning ta'kidlashicha, hukumat Fosterga etkazilgan barcha zararlarni qoplashga rozi bo'lgan, bu esa uni qoplashi kerak. Afsuski, 1820 yil 22-dekabrda Vakillar palatasidagi Da'volar qo'mitasi Foster uchun har qanday shartnomaviy himoya Hubbardga bevosita taalluqli bo'lishiga rozi emas edi.[11]

1813 yilda Foster Jefferson okrugi uchun Umumiy Pleas sudida sudya bo'ldi.[12] Hungerford esa qonunlarni o'qishdan ko'ra tijorat manfaatlarini kengaytirishga e'tibor qaratishga qaror qildi. U o'z do'konini tashkil etdi va oxir-oqibat Fosterning kuyovi Adriel Eli bilan hamkorlik qildi,[13] Kongressga kirgandan keyingina o'z qiziqishini qaytarib oladi.

Orvil bolalarini oilaviy do'konda ishlashiga majbur qildi. Masalan, uning o'g'li Richard Esselstayn Xingerford Nyu-Yorkdagi Klinton shahridagi Xamilton kollejiga yo'l olishdan oldin do'konda xizmatchi bo'lib xizmat qilgan (1844 sinf).[14] U erda Richard amakivachchasiga qo'shildi, John N. Hungerford Hamilton kollejiga borishdan oldin bankir va nihoyat AQSh kongressmeniga aylanguniga qadar u akasining do'konida ishlagan Hungerford & Miner.

Hungerford Nyu-York shahriga tez-tez sayohat qilib, Uotertaundagi asheriyadagi kaliyni sotish va do'koniga qaytib kelish uchun buyumlar sotib olish uchun borgan. 1840 yil 6-oktabrda New York Herald gazetasi Orville Hungerford bir kun oldin Nyu-York shahridagi Broadway va Dey ko'chalarining shimoli-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Franklin House mehmonxonasiga kelganligini e'lon qildi.[15]

Orville Hungerford eng zamonaviy qulayliklarni afzal ko'rdi. Masalan, u sherik savdogarlarga Shimoliy shtat jurnali kabi mahalliy gazetalarda e'lon qilinganidek, uchdan bir qismidan kam o'tin ishlatadigan "Havo o'tkazmaydigan rotatsion pishiriladigan pechka" ni targ'ib qilishga yordam berdi.[16]

1849 yil 13-mayda Nyu-Yorkdagi Votertaun orqali katta yong'in oqib o'tib, qiymati 125000 dollarga baholangan 100 bino yonib ketdi.[17] Shahar markazidagi biznes tumanining katta qismi vayron qilingan. Faqat to'rtta quruq mahsulotlar saqlanib qoldi, shulardan biri Orvil Xungerfordga, ​​ikkinchisi uning sobiq biznes sherigi Adriel Eliga tegishli edi.[18]

Oila

1813 yil 13-oktabrda Orvil Xanjerford Betsi nomi bilan tanilgan yoki ba'zida Betsi deb yozilgan Elizabeth Porter Stenliga uylandi, uning oilasi dastlab Konnektikut shtatidagi Vetersfilddan bo'lgan.[19] Betsi Jorj va Xanna (Porter) Stenlining qizi edi.[20] U 1812 yilgi urush o'rtalarida uchrashganda eridan 5 yosh katta edi.

1830 portreti Betsi Elizabeth Porter Stenli Hungerford

Er-xotinning quyidagi farzandlari bo'lgan: Meri Stenli (1815 yil 6-may - 1893 yil 13-mart), Markus (1817 yil 30-avgust - 1863-yil 3-sentyabr), Marta B. (1819 yil 30-noyabr - 21-sentyabr). , 1896), Richard Esselstayn (1824 yil 28 mart - 1896 yil 5 yanvar), Frensis Yelizaveta (1827 yil 8 fevral - 1902 yil 25 noyabr), Greys va Orvil F. (1830 yil 25 fevral - noyabr) . 26, 1902.)[21]

Betsi, shuningdek, Massachusets shtatining Buyuk Barrington shahrida tug'ilgan jiyani Mozes Xopkins Stenlini tarbiyalagan (1807 yil noyabr - 1856 yil aprel yoki may).[22]

Orvil Xanjerfordning muvaffaqiyati uning rafiqasi Betsining qo'llab-quvvatlashining bevosita natijasi bo'ldi: "U chiroyli fe'l-atvorli va fe'l-atvorli ayol edi va o'zining barcha xayrixoh ishlarida hurmatli eri bilan samarali sherik edi".[23]

Bankir

1824 yilda chiqarilgan va kassir O. Hungerford tomonidan imzolangan Jefferson County Bankning uch dollarlik kupyurasi

Nyu-Yorkning Jefferson okrugi XIX asrning boshlarida 1817-1825 yillarda Eire kanalining rivojlanishi tufayli kengayib borganligi sababli, u erdagi dehqonlar va ishbilarmonlar kapitalga ko'proq kirish imkoniyatiga muhtoj edilar.[24] 1816 yilda Jabez Foster va boshqalar qonun chiqaruvchiga Jefferson okrugi bankini tashkil etish to'g'risida muvaffaqiyatli murojaat qildilar.[25] Foster taqsimlangan aktsiyalarga yordam berish va bino joylashgan joyni tanlash uchun tanlangan, bu munozarali masala edi, chunki hududdagi har bir jamoa bankning o'sha erda joylashgan bo'lishini xohlagan. Bank Nyu-Yorkning Adams shahrida qurilib bitkazildi va dastlab $ 50,000.00 bilan kapitallashtirildi, uning yarmi to'langan. Ammo bank Adamsda moliyaviy jihatdan yaxshi ahvolga tushmadi. 1824 yil 19-noyabrda qabul qilingan aktga binoan bank Votertaunga ko'chib o'tdi va kapital fondi $ 80,000.00 ga oshirildi.

Orvilning qaynisi va savdo-sotiq sherigi bo'lgan Jabez Foster, Jefferson County Bankning ikkinchi prezidenti (1817–1819) bo'lib xizmat qilgan va keyinchalik bank prezidenti Ethel Bronsondan keyin qisqa muddat (1825-1826) da o'z lavozimini qayta tiklagan. vafot etdi.[26] Orvil bank kassasi (1820-1833) va keyinchalik bank prezidenti (1834-1845) bo'lib ishlagan. O'z navbatida, Orvil jiyani Orvil V. Brainardni avval bank kassasi sifatida, keyin kassir sifatida uning o'rnini egalladi, Brainard bu lavozimni 33 yil egallab oldi.[27]

Jefferson County Bankning dastlabki sarmoyasi doktor edi. Isaak Bronson Inqilobiy urush paytida Jorj Vashington shtatida jarroh bo'lib xizmat qilgan, u 1838 yilda vafot etganida 1,500,000 dollarlik qimmatbaho qog'ozlar miqdorida boylikka ega bo'lgan moliya bilan shug'ullanishdan oldin.[28] Uning asosiy sarmoyalaridan biri Konnektikutdagi Bridgeport banki bo'lib, u 1806 yildan 1832 yilgacha direktorlar kengashida ishlagan.[29] Manxettenda raqobat tufayli u erda foiz stavkalari pasayib ketdi, doktor Bronson Nyu-Yorkning Jefferson okrugi kabi ko'proq qishloq joylarida qarz berishni boshladi, u erda u yuqori daromad olish imkoniyatiga ega bo'ldi.[30]

Doktor Bronson akasi Etel Bronsonni Jefferson okrugidagi investitsiya erlarini sotish uchun tayinladi.[31] Ethel Bronson 1820 yildan vafotigacha 1820 yildan Jefferson County Bankining prezidenti bo'lib ishlagan va 1820 yildan boshlab Orville Hungerfordni bankning kassasi etib tayinlagan.[32] Doktor Isaak Bronson bankirga aylanganida, Hungerfordga kassir sifatida "bankning veksellarini Nyu York (Siti) da har doim o'z o'rniga qaytarish orqali bankning veksellarini har doimgidek qilib qo'ying" kabi qattiq bank standartlariga rioya qilishni buyurdi; boshqasi, hech qachon asl nusxasi to'languniga qadar mijoz uchun eslatmani yangilash; uchinchisi, to'qson kundan ortiq ishlashga qodir bo'lgan qog'ozni diskontlashdan bosh tortish. "[33] Hech bo'lmaganda bir muncha vaqt pulni kreditlashning ushbu qat'iy rejimiga rioya qilgan holda, Hungerford bankning yuqori daromadlarini saqlab qolishga muvaffaq bo'ldi, bu esa uni davlatga eng yaxshi bank investitsiyalaridan biriga aylantirdi. Isaak Bronson Jefferson County Bank-dagi aktsiyalarini sotishdan katta foyda ko'rdi.[34] 1824 yilda Wall Street investitsiya banki Bosh vazir, Uord va King boshchiligidagi Nataniel Prime, Jefferson County bankida poytaxtning yarmini Bronsondan sotib olgan.[35]

Har qanday moliya muassasasi singari, Jefferson County Bank ham boshqa shaxsga yoki yuridik shaxsga undirib berilishi mumkin bo'lgan oddiy qarz shakli bo'lgan veksellarni qabul qilishda ehtiyot bo'lishi kerak edi. 1825 yil 14-mayda Xit ismli kishi Nyu-Yorkning Braunvill shahridan Jeyms Vud tomonidan tasdiqlangan 150 dollarlik vekselni foizlar bilan yozdi. 1826 yil iyun oyida Bank bu masalani sudga berdi va Vudga nisbatan kafil sifatida sud qarorini chiqardi. Apellyatsiya shikoyatida Vud Jefferson County banki tegishli korporativ tashkilot emasligini va uning kassasi Orville Hungerford Xit bilan Xit bilan kelishuvga erishganligi, agar Vud pul to'lamagan bo'lsa, undan xavfsizlikni undirib olishini aytdi. Hungerford ushbu bitimni o'zi amalga oshirdi va keyin tasdiqlash uchun Bankning Boshqaruv Kengashiga murojaat qildi, ammo ular rasmiy ravishda bu masala bo'yicha qaror qabul qila olmadilar. Apellyatsiya sudi Bankning to'g'ri tashkil etilganligini va Hungerford bilan tuzilgan bitim to'lovni kafolatlash uchun himoya vositasi emasligini aniqladi, ya'ni Vud to'lashi kerak edi.[36] Hungerford bank kassiri sifatida ishini davom ettirdi.

1837 yil fevralda Jefferson County Bankning jabrlangan direktori Nyu-York Assambleyasiga boshqa bank direktorlari "bila turib, bilvosita, bir kishiga 250 dan ortiq aktsiyalarni qonunni buzgan holda bir kishiga qo'shimcha kapitalni oshirib [berish] orqali tarafdorlik ko'rsatganligi to'g'risida shikoyat qildi. bank. "[37] Ayblanuvchi bank direktorlari o'zlarini himoya qilishda tergov olib boruvchi qonunchilik qo'mitasi ayblovlarni ilgari surayotganlar bilan oilaviy aloqada bo'lganligini va qo'mita xolisona guvohlar tekshirilayotgan maxfiy majlislarni o'tkazayotganini da'vo qildilar. Bank prezidenti sifatida Orvil Xanjerford sahna ortida qoldi, boshqalari qarshi hujumning ochiq yuzi edi. Bu oqilona qaror edi, chunki Orvil aktsiyalarni taqsimlash to'g'risida guvohlik berish uchun chaqirildi. Zamonaviy manbalardan biriga ko'ra, Assambleyaga qilingan bu shikoyat haqiqatan ham uni o'z lavozimidan chetlatish uchun kuchli o'yin edi.[38] Oxir-oqibat, Hungerford raqiblarini aldab, mag'lubiyatga uchratdi va ittifoqchilariga xatlarni sud jarayonining adolatsizligiga qaratilgan yozuvlar qismi sifatida taqdim etishdi. U bank prezidenti sifatida davom etdi.

1845 yil 19-dekabrda Orvil Xanjerford federal jinoyat ishi bo'yicha guvoh sifatida ko'rsatma berdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va Kaleb J. Maknalti, quyidagilarni bayon qilib: "Men Kongressga saylanganimda Jefferson County Bankning prezidenti bo'lganman va bu erga kelgunimcha iste'foga chiqdim."[39]

Butun o'n to'qqizinchi asr davomida 1865 yilda milliy nizomga olingan Jefferson County Bank hech qachon o'z majburiyatlarini bajarmagan va 1824 yildan boshlab o'z aktsiyadorlariga doimiy dividendlar to'lagan. Uning o'sishini istiqbolga qo'yish uchun: 1821 yilda uning resurslari $ 91,000.00 edi; 1916 yil 1-yanvarga qadar uning resurslari $ 3,000,000.00 edi. 1916 yilda Orvilning nabirasi Orvil E. Xanjerford bank vitse-prezidenti edi.

Orvil Xanjerford, shuningdek 10000 dollarga kapitallashgan va 1839 yil 26-yanvarda ish boshlagan Votertaun bankining asoschilaridan biri edi.[40]

Investor

Orville Xanjerford Nyu-York shtatidagi Votertaunni sanoatlashtirishda muhim rol o'ynadi. Masalan, Hungerford Sterling Iron kompaniyasini tashkil etishga yordam berdi,[41] Black River Woolen kompaniyasi,[42] va Jefferson County o'zaro sug'urta kompaniyasi.[43]

1824 yilda Orville Hungerford Nyu-Yorkdagi Votertaundagi "Oakland House" mehmonxonasini sotib oldi va keyinchalik uni 1847 yilda Lyuis Richga sotdi.[44]

1839 yil 9-yanvar, dushanba kuni Nyu-York assambleyasi Orvil Xanjerford va boshqa to'qson kishining iltimosnomasini o'qib, uni uzaytirishni so'radi. Qora daryo kanali, Eri kanali uchun oziqlantiruvchi, Ontario ko'li yoki Sent-Lourens daryosigacha.[45]

Hungerford va uning jiyani Orville Velora Brainard Watertown va Sackets Harbor Plank Road kompaniyasini moliyalashtirishda va qo'shilishida katta rol o'ynagan.[46]

Uy-joy

Orville Hungerfordning Vashington ko'chasidagi 336-uydagi uyi

Orville Hungerfordning maqsadlaridan biri - ulkan uy qurish uchun o'z mablag'laridan etarli pul topish edi. Uning birinchi uyi Nyu-Yorkning Votertaun shahridagi Klinton ko'chasi yaqinidagi Vashington ko'chasida, oldida va yon tomonida piazza bilan yog'ochdan yasalgan edi.[47]

1823 yilda Orville Hungerford 1816 yilda Olney va Eliza Pirsdan 500,00 dollarga sotib olgan mulkiga Votertaundagi eng katta uyni qurishni boshladi.[48] Oldinda Orvilning talablariga binoan yaratilgan "ulug'vor" ingliz bog'i bor edi.[49] Uyning tashqi devorlari tabiiy ohaktoshdan qilingan. Ichkarida yo'lovchilarni isitish uchun 10 ta kamin bor edi. Buqalar jamoasi Albanydan "qora italiyalik marmar mantiya" ni olib ketishdi.[50] Katta vagon uyi orqada qurilgan. 1825 yil 11-noyabrda Orvil oltita panelli eshikni Vashington ko'chasidagi 336-uyda burgut taqillatuvchi guruch bilan ochib, o'zining uyiga ko'chib o'tdi.

Nyu-Yorkning Votertaun shahridagi 17100-grafika yo'nalishidagi 155-manzilning 2020 yilgi manzilida joylashgan 1828 yil atrofida qurilgan Jon Luzi uyi dizayni va qurilishi bo'yicha Orville Hungerford turar joyiga juda o'xshash. The Milliy park xizmati John Losee House-ga 2014 yil 1-fevralda Milliy reyestrga kirdi. Uning talab qilingan nomlanishini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun 2013 yil dekabr oyida taqdim etilgan tarixiy joylarni ro'yxatga olish milliy varag'i quyidagilarni bayon qildi:

Nomzod Losee uyiga o'xshab, Hungerford qarorgohi Federal tafsilotlar bilan bezatilgan besh baylik, markaz zali shaklida, shu jumladan Losee uyi bilan deyarli bir xil bo'lgan asosiy kirish joyi - oltita panelli yog'och eshik, aniq yasalgan yog'och atrofga chuqurlashtirilgan, chuqurlashtirilgan panellar, yon chiroqlar, bog'langan ustunlar tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan va quyma ohaktosh arxitravasi bilan loyihalashgan asosiy tosh bilan qoplangan to'liq shakllangan muhit bilan ta'kidlangan. Losee va Hungerford kirish joylari orasidagi farq faqat traaceriya naqshlari va Dorik buyurtma poytaxtlari oldingisida, ikkinchisida esa Ionik buyurtma.[51]

Xuddi shu tarzda, 2016 yilda Milliy Park xizmati Orville Hungerford Homestead va Jon Losee uylarining keltirilgan me'moriy yo'nalishlariga tayanib, Henderson N.Y.dagi Norton-Burnham uyini tarixiy joylarning milliy reestriga kiritdi.[52]

Inglizcha Ivyer bilan qoplangan Hungerford qarorgohi oxir-oqibat Orvilning qizi, spinster Frances E.ga o'tdi, uning mulki jiyani Xelen Xanjerfordga (Leland G. Vulvort xonim) etkazdi. Xelen vafot etganidan so'ng, uyga egalik uning singlisi Xarriet Hungerfordga, ​​boshqa spinsterga o'tdi. Harriet otasi Marcus Hungerfordning Vashington ko'chasidagi 330-uyda joylashgan uyida qo'shni bo'lgan. U 1946 yilda Orville Hungerford qasriga ko'chib o'tdi va 1956 yil 26 oktyabrda vafotigacha shu erda yashadi. Bu vaqtgacha oilaning aksariyati Votertaun hududidan ko'chib ketishgan va hech kim qaytib kelishni istamagan. Votertaun milliy banki ushbu mol-mulkni Harrietning ko'chmas mulkidan sotib oldi va uni ishlab chiqaruvchi Jozef Kaponeyga sotdi. O'z navbatida, Jon R. Byorns inshootni sotib oldi va uyni minus chap tomonni olib tashlab, bir necha blok narida joylashgan Flower Avenue G'arbiy qismida, u hali ham mavjud.[53]

2020 yildan boshlab, uy egalari, jumladan Ann Ann Philipps, Esqning mehribon g'amxo'rligi va zamonaviylashtirish sa'y-harakatlari tufayli juda yaxshi holatda. Hozirgi vaqtda Vashington prospektidagi qadimgi Hungerford uyi - bu asl vagon uyiga bog'langan Best Western Carriage House Inn mehmonxonasi.[54]

Orville Hungerford uy-joyi hozirgi joylashgan joyida Votertaun, Nyu-York

Harbiy xizmat

1812 yilgi urush paytida Orvil Xanjerford va uning qaynotasi Jabez Foster AQSh armiyasini Sackets Harbour (Nyu-York) va uning atrofidagi harbiy postlarni etkazib berishdi. 1817 yilda Orvil Jefferson okrugidagi militsiyada o'n to'rtinchi otliqlar polkiga ikkinchi leytenant lavozimiga tayinlandi.[55] 1821 yilda Orvil kapitan Jeyson Feyrbanksning o'rnini egalladi va general-mayor Klark Allen tarkibida ham edi.[56] 1822 yilda Orvil Jefferson okrugiga piyoda askarlarning o'n ikkinchi diviziyasining kvartmeysteri etib tayinlandi.[57]

Mason

Orvil Xanjerford masonlik bilan qiziqib qoldi, chunki uning ko'plab ustozlari va do'stlari birodarlik tashkilotiga jalb qilingan va ehtimol bu kollejga bormasligidan mahrum bo'lgan kollegial guruhga a'zo bo'lish hissini bergan.

Hungerford 1818 yildayoq N.N.ning Votertaun shahridagi No 289 Watertown Lodge a'zosi bo'lgan.[58]

1826 yilda Hungerford o'zining biznes sherigi Adriel Eli va boshqalar bilan birgalikda mahalliy Templlar ritsarlari lagerini tashkil etish uchun dispanserga murojaat qildi.[59] 1826 yil 22 fevralda Buyuk lagerning katta qo'mondonining o'rinbosari Oliver V.Launds dispansiyani berdi. Hungerford 1826 yil 24 martdan 1829 yil 17 aprelgacha Buyuk qo'mondon lavozimini egallagan va shu vaqt ichida yigirma to'qqiz kishi ularga Ma'bad ordeni topshirgan.

Biroq, 1826 yil yo'qolishi Uilyam Morgan (antiqeyson), masonlik sirlarini oshkor qilish bilan tahdid qilgan, jamoatchilik maxfiy tashkilotga qarshi g'azablanishiga sabab bo'lgan. 1829 yilda Boston masonik gazetasi Watertown Freeman nashriga iqtibos keltirgan holda, shunchaki 69 kishi Morganni o'g'irlanishiga norozilik bildirish uchun shahar bo'ylab yurish qilgani haqida yuzlab odamlar kutgan edi.[60]

1830 yilda Orvil Xanjerford va uning siyosiy ustozi Perli Kis singari bir qator taniqli masonlar o'zlarining qardosh tashkilotlarini quyidagi jamoat himoyasiga imzo chekdilar:

Boshqa narsalar qatori, biz masonga yordam berishga majbur qiladigan majburiyat va qasamlarni o'z zimmamga olamiz, qiyin bo'lsa ham, to'g'ri yoki noto'g'ri bo'lsa, masonga boshqa birovdan ustunroq ovoz berishga va yana ham yomoni, mason sirlarini saqlang, qotillik va xiyonat bundan mustasno emas. Va biz sizga aytamizki, biz yuqorida aytib o'tilgan majburiyatlarni o'z zimmamga olmadik.[61]

Masonlikning ommaviy ravishda qoralanishi sababli, 1831 yilda Ser Orvilning qarorgohi qorong'i bo'ladi. 1850 yil fevral oyida, g'azab tushgandan so'ng, Hungerford va boshqalar Nyu-Yorkning Buyuk shaharchasiga iltimos qilib, o'zlarining avvalgi orderlarini qayta rasmiylashtirishlarini so'radilar va shu bilan Watertown Commandery No. .11.

1826 yil 16-yanvarda Hungerford Hart Maseydan Watertown-dagi Vashington ko'chasida joylashgan 289-sonli Sharqiy Loja joylashgan uch qavatli g'ishtli binoni sotib oldi.[62] Binoga qilingan hujjat masonlar uchun uchinchi qavatda 40 dan 42,5 gacha bo'lgan xonadan foydalanishni ta'minlash bo'yicha ahdga ega edi. Morgan ishi shov-shuv ko'tarilgan paytda, Lodj yashirincha ish olib borgan va ba'zi derazalarga yonib turgan shamni qo'yish orqali a'zolarga xabar bergan. 1834–35 yillarda lojada har yili saylovlar o'tkazilmadi; bir vaqtning o'zida to'lovlarni yig'ib olmaslik nizomni bekor qilishga olib keldi va 1835 yilda Buyuk Lojaga muvaffaqiyatli murojaat qilib qayta tiklandi. Vashington ko'chasidagi bino 1851 yil 27 yanvarda yong'in natijasida vayron bo'lgan va Lodge vaqtincha Odd Fellows Hall-ga, so'ngra boshqa bir nechta joyga ko'chib o'tgan.

Orvil Xungerford Kongressda xizmat qilayotganda masonlik bilan shug'ullanishni davom ettirdi. Diarist Benjamin B. Frantsuz shunday dedi: "Mason sifatida [Hungerford] okrugdagi boblarimiz va uylarimizga doimiy tashrif buyurgan va hech qachon undan so'ralgan vazifani rad qilmagan".[63] 1851 yilda Hungerford Nyu-York shtatining Buyuk bob shtatining 15-bosh oliy ruhoniysi, Qirollik Arch Masonlari bo'ldi.[64] Orvilning o'g'li Marcus Hungerford, 49-sonli Watertown Lodge-ga qo'shiladi.[65]

Jamoat xizmati

Chegaradagi jamoalarda yong'in har doim xavf tug'dirardi. 1816 yilda Orvil Xanjerfordning qaynotasi Jabez Foster Votertaun qishlog'idagi o't o'chiruvchilarning biri sifatida saylandi. Orvil yoshroq bo'lganida, u ko'pincha Fosterning yo'lini tutgan, ayniqsa, ikkalasi do'kon boshqaradigan sherik bo'lishgan. Votertaunning vasiylar qishlog'i 1817 yil 28 mayda qisman Orvil Xanjerford tomonidan yong'in kompaniyasini tuzish to'g'risida qaror qabul qildi.[66] Keyinchalik Katarakt yong'in kompaniyasi deb ataladigan narsa o't o'chirish mashinasi uchun 400 dollar to'lagan, shundan yarmi Qishloq tomonidan qoplangan, qolgan yarmi korxonalar va mutaxassislar tomonidan qo'shilgan.

Orvil o'z jamoasida faol ishtirok etib, yordamni qaytarish va omadsizlarga yordam berish uchun nuqta qo'ydi. O'sha paytdagi va hozirgi katta muammolardan biri qashshoqlik edi. Natijada, Jefferson okrugi har bir shahardan ajratmalar bilan to'lanadigan yomon uy tizimini yaratdi. 1826 yilda Hungerford Nyu-Yorkning Le Ray shahridagi 150 gektarlik Dadli fermasida joylashgan kambag'al uyning birinchi nozirlaridan biri sifatida tayinlandi. Kambag'al uyga yuborilgan odamlar yashash joyiga ega bo'lar edilar va ozgina ish evaziga oziq-ovqat va ibtidoiy tibbiy yordam bilan ta'minlanar edilar, odatda dehqonchilik bilan bog'lanishgan, masalan, eman daraxtini yig'ishgan.[67]

Uning tashvishlari, shuningdek, butun jamoaga foyda keltiradigan mahalliy infratuzilmaga qaratilgan. Masalan, Orville Votertaun qishlog'iga "suv o'tkazgichlar orqali" toza suv etkazib berish uchun Watertown Water Company kompaniyasini birlashtirishda muhim rol o'ynadi.[68]

Orvilning barcha yordamlari Nyu-Yorkdagi Jefferson okrugi bilan cheklanmagan. Davomida Yunonistonning mustaqillik urushi 1821 yildan 1830 yilgacha Usmonli hukumati yunon fuqarolarini qirg'in qildi. Ingliz shoiri Lord Bayron fojiali natijalar bilan Yunonistonni Usmonli hukmronligidan ozod qilish izlanishlariga qo'shildi. Qo'shma Shtatlarda Nyu-Yorkning Ijroiya Yunoniston qo'mitasi mojarodan jabrlangan yunon fuqarolariga yordam berish uchun tuzildi. 1827 yilda Orvil Jefferson okrugidagi ba'zi vatandoshlariga murojaat qilib, Nyu-Yorkning Ijroiya Yunoniston qo'mitasi nomidan 135,55 dollar yig'di, bu esa og'ir ahvolga tushgan yunon aholisiga etkazib berish xarajatlarini moliyalashtirishga yordam berdi.[69]

Orville Hungerford to'g'ri ish qilish bilan bir qatorda, jamiyatga yordam berish uchun obro'ga ega edi.[70] 1828 yil 1-avgustda Barney Griffin ismli kishi bir necha kun oldin Sirakuzadan Sackets Harbor qishlog'iga borgan va Jefferson okrugidagi Kambag'al uyida o'lgan. Orvil tergov qilish uchun bordi. Griffinning kiyimlarini ko'zdan kechirar ekan, u ikki yuz yigirma ikki dollar va o'n besh tsent miqdoridagi naqd pulni topdi - bu Griffin uchun mehmonxona uchun to'lash uchun yetarli pul edi. Hungerford qarindoshi pulni talab qiladimi yoki yo'qligini bilish uchun qog'ozga reklama joylashtirdi. Hech kim qilmadi. Keyin u kambag'al uydan foydalanish uchun pulni okrug xazinachisiga topshirdi va o'z cho'ntagidan chiqqan reklama pullari uchun bir dollarni ushlab qoldi. Ochko'zlik mohiyatini tushunib, u okrug nozirlar kengashidan uning qilmishi uchun tovon puli to'lashni iltimos qildi va bunga rozi bo'ldi.[71]

Orvil faqat ibtidoiy ma'lumotga ega bo'lsa ham, u sanoatlashgan jamiyat o'z yoshlari uchun yanada rivojlangan maktabga muhtoj deb qat'iy ishongan. Orvil 1823 yilda Votertaun Ayollar akademiyasini targ'ib qilishda doktor Jon Safford bilan hamkorlik qilib, Nyu-York shtatining Jefferson okrugidagi yosh ayollarning ta'limiga hissa qo'shdi. Doktor Safford va Orvilning qizlari bu harakatdan foyda ko'rdilar, chunki Syuzan M Safford va Marta P. Xanjerfordlar general "Fighting Joe" Hookerning singlisi Sara R. Xuker tomonidan o'qitiladigan maktabning dastlabki o'quvchilari edi.[72] Votertaun Ayollar akademiyasi "yuqori obro'ga ega edi va butun mamlakat bo'ylab shu kabi korxonalarni rag'batlantirish uchun juda ko'p ish qildi", ammo 1837 yilda yopildi.[73]

1828 yil 28 martda Orvil va uning siyosiy ustozi Perli Kis va boshqa bir qator odamlar qonun chiqaruvchini 1817 yilda Nyu-Yorkdagi Votertaun shahrida bo'lib o'tgan yig'ilishda tashkil etilgan Jefferson okrugi qishloq xo'jaligi jamiyatini birlashtirish to'g'risidagi aktni muvaffaqiyatli qabul qilishga undashdi. .[74] Keys Jamiyat vitse-prezidenti etib tayinlandi va Hungerford, moliyaviy qobiliyatlari tufayli xazinachiga aylandi. 1841 yilda Hungerford prezident bo'ldi. Uning jiyani va o'qimagan Solon Dexter Hungerford, shuningdek, 1854 va 1877 yillarda Jamiyat prezidenti bo'lib ishlagan. 2020 yildan boshlab, Nyu-Yorkning Votertaun shahrida joylashgan Jefferson okrugi qishloq xo'jaligi jamiyati hali ham mavjud va o'zini "eng qadimgi doimiy faoliyat yurituvchi" deb da'vo qilmoqda. Amerikada adolatli. "[75]

1832 yilgacha Votertaundagi yagona o'g'il bolalar uchun maktab, Nyu-York tuman darajasida, ya'ni o'rta maktabda to'xtadi. Hududda akademik litsey yo'q edi. Natijada Orvil Xanjerford va Jeyson Feyrbanks va Lovlend Peddok kabi boshqa taniqli shaxslar 1832 yil 19 sentyabrda o'z eshiklarini ochgan "Votertaun akademiyasini" tashkil etishdi.[76] Bodrumli ikki qavatli tosh maktab uyi Votertaun shahridagi Akademiya ko'chasida joylashgan edi.

1833 yilda Hungerfordning qaynisi va sobiq biznes sherigi Jabez Foster Countyga yangi kambag'al uy qurish uchun Uottaun yaqinidagi erlarni 1500,00 dollarga sotib yubordi. Hungerford va yana ikki kishiga yangi muassasani tashkil etish vazifasi topshirildi.[77]

1839 yil 16 sentyabrda Jefferson okrugining qishloq xo'jaligi ko'rgazmasi va yarmarkasida "[jamiyat] prezidenti O. Hungerford, Esq tomonidan ma'qul va hayratlanarli ma'ruza qilindi. Oddiy, amaliy fikrlar bilan to'ldirildi va tinglandi. olomon eshitish orqali qiziqish bilan. "[78]

The North State Journal gazetasining xabar berishicha, shtat qishloq xo'jaligi jamiyati 1847 yil 14-16 sentyabr kunlari Nyu-Yorkning Saratoga Springs shahrida bo'lib o'tadigan Nyu-York shtati yarmarkasida Hungerfordni "mahalliy ishlab chiqarish" uchun hakamlardan biri sifatida tayinlagan.[79]

Siyosatchi

Orville Hungerford o'yma (kesilgan) .jpg

Orvilning mahalliy siyosatchi, mason va hakam bilan do'stligi, Perley Kis, uning siyosatga bo'lgan qiziqishini kuchaytirdi. Keys Demokratik partiyaning sodiq kishisi edi va uning siyosiy mashinasini Nyu-Yorkning Jefferson okrugida boshqargan. Orvil Keysga ustozi sifatida qaradi va hokimiyat hukmronligini o'z qo'liga oladi.[80] Keysning asosiy darslaridan biri bu muvaffaqiyatli nomzodni gazeta qo'llab-quvvatlashi kerak edi. 1824 yilda, 1833 yilda vafotigacha Keys Watertown Freeman-ni nashr etish uchun moliyaviy yordam ko'rsatdi.[81] Ushbu gazeta "Eagle and Standard" ga aylandi, uning muharriri Alvin Xant Orville Hungerfordning siyosiy ambitsiyalari va uning Nyu-York shimolidagi Demokratik chiptasini g'ayrat bilan qo'llab-quvvatladi.[82]

Orvil Xanjerford o'zining siyosiy faoliyatini mahalliy darajada boshlagan va hukumat zinapoyasida harakat qilgan. 1816 yil may oyida Nyu-Yorkda bo'lib o'tgan birinchi Votertaun qishlog'ida 26 yoshli Hungerford uchta baholovchidan biri sifatida saylandi.[83] 1823 yilga kelib, Hungerford Watertown Vasiylik Qishloqining Prezidenti etib saylandi.[84] U 1824, 1833, 1834 va 1835 yillarda Watertown Vasiylik Qishloqining Prezidenti etib saylanishni davom ettirdi, shuningdek 1840 va 1841 yillarda Watertown Vasiylik Qishloqlaridan beshtasidan biri sifatida xizmat qildi.[85] 1850 yilda Orvilning o'g'li Marcus Hungerford, bitta davrda Watertown Vasiylik Qishloqlaridan biri sifatida xizmat qildi.[86]

1832 yil yozida "Osiyolik vabo" butun mamlakat bo'ylab tarqaldi, shu jumladan, Nyu-Yorkning Shimoliy mamlakati, aholini qo'rqitdi. Natijada, Votertaun qishlog'ida va uning atrofidagi shahar va qishloqlarda sanitariya choralarini ko'rish uchun ko'plab uchrashuvlar o'tkazildi. 1832 yil 25 iyunda Orvil Xanjerford boshqalar bilan birga yangi tashkil etilgan sog'liqni saqlash kengashiga tayinlanib, ko'rinmas qotilni yo'q qilish bo'yicha mahalliy tadbirlarni nazorat qildi.[87]

Orvil Xanjerford Nyu-Yorkdagi Votertaun shahri (keyinchalik 1869 yil 8-mayda qonun hujjatlari bilan Votertaun shahriga aylangan) uchun kuzatuvchilar kengashida quyidagi muddatlarda ishlagan: 1835-37, 1841-42 va 1851 vafotigacha. .[88]

1836 yil 8-noyabrda Xanjerford o'z okrugi tomonidan prezident saylovchisi etib tayinlandi.[89]

1839 yil sentyabrda AQSh prezidenti Martin Van Buren Jefferson okrugiga tashrif buyurdi, u Orvil Xanjerford va uning ukasi va sobiq biznes sherigi Jabez Foster bilan birga vagonda, so'ngra Sackets Harbordagi Medison kazarmasidan qariyb bir chaqirim uzoqlikda yurish qildi. Watertown-ga.[90]

1842 yilda, a Demokrat, Hungerford saylandi 28-chi va ikki yildan keyin 29-chi AQSh Kongressi.[91] Ikkinchi muddatida u kuchli qo'mitada ishladi Yo'llari va vositalari. U import qilinadigan tovarlarga bojni qo'llab-quvvatladi, bu unga erkin savdo tarafdorlari bo'lgan janubiy demokratlarning dushmanligini keltirib chiqardi.[92] Uning partiyadoshlari, agar u o'z ovozini protektsionizmga almashtirsa, uni AQSh vitse-prezidenti etib tayinlashni taklif qilishdi.[93] Biroq, Hungerfordni chayqash mumkin emas edi, chunki u rivojlanayotgan ishlab chiqarish sohasini Buyuk Britaniya va boshqa rivojlangan Evropa mamlakatlaridagi arzonroq mahsulotlardan saqlamoqchi edi.

Orvil Xanjerford tez-tez ustozi Hakamning siyosiy rahbarligiga ergashdi Perley Kis, Demokratik partiya asoschilaridan birining "dekstant leytenanti []", Martin Van Buren.[94] 1814–1815 va 1816–1817 yillarda Keys va Van Buren Nyu-York shtati senatida birga xizmat qilishgan.[95] Keys 1834 yilda vafot etdi, uning siyosiy aloqalari va sodiqligini uning himoyachisiga qoldirdi. 1843 yil sentyabr oyida Orvil Xanjerford Demokratik partiyaning Nyu-York shtatidagi Sirakuzada (Nyu-York shtati) yig'ilib, kelgusi yil Merilend shtatining Baltimor shahrida bo'lib o'tadigan o'z milliy konvensiyasiga delegatlarni tanlash uchun yig'ildi.[96] Hungerford AQShning sobiq prezidentini qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan delegat etib tayinlandi Martin Van Buren 1844 yilgi saylovlarda prezidentlikka nomzod sifatida. "Kichik sehrgar" va "Sly Fox" va "Martin Van Ruin" kabi tanilgan Van Buren ushbu nomzodni qo'lga kirita olmadi.

1844 yil 27 martda Orvil Xanjerford Vakillar palatasi tomonidan 265-sonli qonunni ma'qullab, masonlarga Kolumbiya okrugida Grand Lodge qo'shilishiga imkon beradi.[97]

Janubiy siyosatchilar bilan tez-tez to'qnashib turadigan Orvil Xanjerford 1844 yil 30-dekabrda yozgan xatida Uotertaun, advokat va shtat senatori. Jorj S.Sherman "Quturgan teksiyaliklar shimollik bilan maslahatlashmasdan anneksiyani haydashga shiddat bilan kirishdilar va biz yozishmalarda berilgan doktrinani qullik mavhumlikda to'g'ri deb kutishimizni kutishdi. Ammo ular butun xalq yutishga moyil emasligini anglay boshladilar. bu doktrinani va yana hamma o'sha hududning barcha qarzlarini o'z zimmalariga olishga majbur emasligini aytdi. "[98]

Kongress 1845 yilda sessiyada bo'lganida, Xanjerford Vashingtondagi 4½ va 6-ko'chalar orasida Pensilvaniya prospektidagi Xemilton xonimning uyiga kirdi.[99] 1846 yil 11-fevralga qadar Xanjerford Kongressdagi kapitoliydagi qarorgohini 3 va 4-G'arbiy ko'chalar orasidagi Pensilvaniya prospektidan Kudlipp xonimning pansionatiga ko'chirdi.[100]

Hungerford, xuddi shu partiyadagi siyosatdoshlariga yoqmasa ham, o'z fikrini aytishdan qo'rqmasdi. Orvil butun hayoti davomida tanaffus qilishdan oldin qo'yilgan vazifani tugatishga ishongan. When the U.S. House of Representatives conducted business Orville sat in his assigned seat towards the back of the chamber. Vakil Uilyam Lowndes Yansi, the Southern secessionist and duelist, sat several seats over to the rear. Yancy was not to be trifled with.[101]

The Congressional Globe, which covered proceedings of the 29th Congress, noted on page 413 of Volume 15 the following relevant entry for February 21, 1846:

Mr. YANCEY asked leave to offer the following resolution:

Hal qilindi, That when this House adjourns, it stands adjourned until Tuesday next, in honor of the memory and in respect to the anniversary of the birth-day of George Washington, the father of his country.

Objection was made.

The SPEAKER. Objection is made.

Mr. YANCEY. Objection made, sir! Kim tomonidan? I would like the gentleman to show his face.

Mr. HUNGERFORD. I show mening face, and I object. Are you satisfied?

The resolution was not received.[102]

Hungerford's clash with Congressman Yancey received regional newspaper coverage. For example, the Richmond Enquirer, a Virginia newspaper, published a summary of the incident on the front page, center column, of its February 27, 1846 morning issue.[103]

In 1846, Hungerford lost his Congressional seat to a Whig partiya nomzodi.

Before the 29th Congress ended on March 3, 1847, Hungerford was able to manifest his disdain for slavery, which was dividing the nation. Crossing party lines Hungerford voted with the Whigs on February 16, 1847 and on March 3, 1847 to endorse the Wilmot Proviso, which added to the "$3,000,000 bill" a provision excluding slavery from territories newly acquired by treaty.[104]

Yet Hungerford still yearned for political power. In 1846, the amended New York Constitution allowed the Nyu-York shtatidagi nazoratchi, who was responsible for auditing the state books, to be elected by the citizenry as opposed to being appointed by the legislature. Hungerford saw this office as a stepping stone to either the governorship or the U.S. Senate before seeking even higher office. In October 1847, the bitterly divided delegates known as Barnburners va Hunkers gathered at the Democratic State Convention in Syracuse and nominated Orville as the "Hunker" candidate for the state office of comptroller.[105] His defeated barnburner opponent was Azariah C. Flagg, the current New York State Comptroller.[106] The split in the Democratic party resulted in such bitterness that the barnburners resorted to calling the victor "Awful Hunkerford."[107] Such factionalism tremendously weakened the Democrats.

Keyingi umumiy saylovlarda 1847, Millard Fillmor received 174,756 votes for Comptroller while Hungerford only received 136,027 votes.[108] Ironically, Millard Fillmore used to work for Orville's first cousin Benjamin Hungerford.[109] Benjamin had a wool-carding and cloth-dressing mill in West Sparta, New York and had convinced Millard's father to have the fifteen-year-old boy learn the trade under his tutelage as an apprentice. According to Millard, Benjamin had him chop wood for a coal pit instead of working in the shop. The two got into an argument about job duties. Benjamin approached the boy, asking if he felt abused because he had to chop wood. Millard, who was standing on a log with an ax raised, uttered: "If you approach me I will split you down."[110] Benjamin Hungerford relented and let Millard work in the shop for the agreed-upon three-month term before walking home alone. The bitter experience of working for Benjamin Hungerford made Fillmore's victory over Orville for comptroller thirty-four years later extra sweet. In 1850, Millard Fillmore became the 13th President of the United States.

After the comptroller election defeat, Hungerford grew tired of the partisanship in Washington, D.C. and the stress from being away from his family and business interests. He decided to return to Watertown, New York to complete his railroad project, which he started in 1832. Hungerford, drawn to the challenge of expanding economic opportunity, likely would have re-entered politics after the rails were laid that brought prosperity to Jefferson County. But his unexpected death at age 61 precluded this outcome. A late 19th-century historian stated the following:

The writer has often reflected what would have been the course of Mr. Hungerford had he lived to enter upon the great Civil War. His natural patriotism, the insight he had obtained into the workings of Southern politicians, and the promptings of his own independent character, all teach us that he would have been prominent in support of the Union cause, and would have given it, not a lukewarm support, as many Democrats did, but unhesitating and substantial sympathy and service.[111]

Temir yo'l prezidenti

After his shot at higher political office ended, Orville Hungerford began to refocus his energies on establishing the Watertown & Rome Railroad. The Eri kanali was opened in 1825 and many in the North County thought it unnecessary to develop a new mode of transportation to move goods and people. In the early 1830s, Clarke Rice thought otherwise and built a miniature model train, which he and William Smith displayed in the upper floor of a house on Factory Street in Watertown, New York.[112] Clarke believed that steam power on rail would supersede steam power dependent on a waterway. Clarke convinced his fellow masonic brother and the area's premier business person, Orville Hungerford, that Watertown was doomed as a backwater without a more modern connection to the commercial hub of the country, New York City. After all, the roads out of Watertown were slow and even slower in the rain and snow.

On April 17, 1832, the New York legislature incorporated the Watertown & Rome Railroad, naming Hungerford as one of its commissioners charged with promoting the line. Although, the initial act called for track to be laid within three years and the line to be completed within five years, a shortage of capital forced the promoters to seek extensions of the charter in 1837, 1845, and 1847 at which point Orville was elected its first president.

Hungerford played a key role in raising the necessary capital to complete the railroad. A notice in a Watertown newspaper dated May 5, 1847 stated the following:

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT BOOKS WILL be opened on the 26th day of April, instant, at Kamden, in Oneida county; da Albion, in Oswego county; da Watertown, in Jefferson county, and at Kingston in the province of Canada, to receive subscriptions to the stock of the Watertown and Rome Rail Road for Section No. 3, and remain open until the whole of said stock is taken.

By order of the Directors, O. HUNGERFORD, Pres't. . CLARK RICE, Sec'y.

Watertown, April 7, 1847[113]

In the summer of 1847, the Board of Directors voted to allocate $500 so that Hungerford and three other railroad directors could travel to Boston and New York City to meet investors and solicit stock subscriptions.[114]

In 1848, Orville Hungerford and Major Edmund Kirby from Brownville, N.Y. managed to raise enough capital via subscriptions to complete the railroad, which cost $15,000 a mile to build.[115] As a result, actual work on the railroad began on the Rome, N.Y. end of the line in November of 1848.[116] Orville then acted as the first superintendent for the railroad overseeing the construction.[117]

Unfortunately, Hungerford never got to see a train complete a journey because he died shortly before the inaugural run on May 29, 1851, covering the 53-mile stretch between Rome to the hamlet of Pierrepont Manor (originally called Bear Creak). Hurmatli William C. Pierrepont, who owned the property where the railroad initially ended, followed Orville as president. Soat 23: 00da. on September 5, 1851, the first train steamed into the temporary passenger station on Stone Street in Watertown.

The railroad named its fifth engine, the Orville Hungerford, in his honor.[118] Delivered to the railroad, on September 19, 1851, this engine, built by William Fairbanks in Taunton, Massachusetts, was twenty-one and a half tons in weight.

The "Orville Hungerford" Engine

Furthermore, the board of the railroad, ever appreciative of Orville Hungerford's efforts, provided free annual train passes to his widow Betsy Hungerford and their daughters.[119]

By December 1856, the railroad stretched 97 miles, "terminating at Rome upon the Erie Canal and N.Y. Central R.R., and at Cape Vincent upon the St. Lawrence River, in good order, with ample accommodations at each end, in the way of storage ground, docks, warehouses, elevator, and with sufficient equipment for a large and profitable traffic."[120] For the year ending 1856 the Railroad earned $440,290.63 and dispersed $219,218.34.[121]

Qiziqishlar

Hungerford's primary interests consisted of making money so that he could support his political aspirations as well as fund his many philanthropic endeavors. Along with his Watertown, N.Y. business partners Adriel Ely and Orville V. Brainard, Hungerford was a member of the Amerika badiiy uyushmasi, which established an admission-free art gallery at 497 Broadway in New York.[122] Among other benefits, the annual dues of $5 entitled subscribers to receive a copy of an engraving of an American painting.[123] Hungerford's nephew and business understudy, Solon Dexter Hungerford, was an honorary secretary of the organization.[124]

O'lim

After a 12-day illness starting out as "bilious cholic", which then affected his brain in the form of paralysis, Orville Hungerford died on Sunday morning at 9:30 a.m. on April 6, 1851.[125] Such illness was said to run in the family. The Otsego Democrat newspaper in Cooperstown, N.Y. stated that the cause of his death was "apoplexy", i.e., the archaic term for stroke.[126]

The Islohotchi newspaper of Watertown, New York, reported the following:

The deceased retained the use of his mental faculties till a few hours before his death - he held frequent conversations on business matters during his sickness, giving the necessary directions preparatory to his submitting his stewardship to other hands, and sought the consolations of the Gospel, which shed its joyous light on his path-way to the tomb.[127]

Hungerford's death was reported throughout the state of New York as well as nationally.[128]

Jefferson County, New York, especially the business interests, mourned the passing of Hungerford. The Board of Directors of the Watertown and Rome Railroad Company held a special meeting on April 8, 1851 to discuss the untimely death of Hungerford, resolving "[t]hat the members of this Board attend the funeral in a body, and wear crape on the left arm thirty days, as further testimony of respect for the memory of their deceased President."[129] Similarly, on the morning of April 9, 1851, the Merchants of the Village of Watertown gathered at Paddock Arcade, the second oldest indoor shopping mall in the country, resolving to "close our stores from 10 to 2 o'clock, and attend the funeral of our deceased brother and friend, in a body."[130]

Hungerford had a Christian burial, which was in keeping with his position for many years as President of the Jefferson County Bible Society.[131] His funeral service was held in the First Presbyterian Church, which he helped fund and rebuild, across the street from his house on Washington Avenue in what is now the City of Watertown, New York.[132]

The pastor at the funeral service gave a sermon that touched upon the difference Orville made in his community:

In the death of Mr. Hungerford our village and the whole community has sustained a great loss. He had grown up with our village. Here he launched his bark upon the ocean of life, and here his voyage has ended.


On account of his influence, and the important trusts which had been confided in his hands, being in the full maturity of his strength, his judgment ripened by experience and years and his natural force unabated, I know of no one in the whole community whose death would have been regarded as so great a calamity as his. The assembling of this great congregation, as a tribute of respect to his memory, shows how he was estimated. A prince has fallen in the midst of us. The death of such a man is a public loss.[133]

Orville was then buried several miles away in a humble grave near his parents and siblings in the "Old Grounds" on the former Sawyer Farm in what is now the Town of Watertown, New York. In 1854, his son Richard Esselstyne Hungerford spent $256 to purchase a lot in the contiguous and recently established Brookside Cemetery, so that the family could erect a mausoleum.[134] At the time, the price of a wooded lot in the Brookside Cemetery was set at eight cents per square foot.[135] Orville's body would be reinterred there on the south side of the crypt in 1860. The gothic structure, made from bird eye limestone and brownish cast stone, is supported by twelve pier buttresses, punctured by trefoil windows on each side, and graced with an octagonal spire sheathed in slate.

In the coming years, more than eighty family members would be buried in this beautiful cemetery, which was being increasingly graced with ever more elaborate monuments.[136] Trying to be like his father, who served on numerous committees, but not nearly as ambitious, Richard Esselstyne Hungerford became vice-president of the prestigious Brookside Cemetery Association.[137] His son, Richard Ely Hungerford, served as a trustee of the Brookside Cemetery Association at the end of the nineteenth century.[138]

Orville's wife, Betsey, the matriarch of the family, died on September 17, 1861.[139] Betsey was interred alongside her husband in the Hungerford mausoleum in Brookside Cemetery.[140] A woman of faith, Betsey was a member for life of the American Bible Society.[141] A Watertown Village newspaper stated the following in her obituary: "In her death the church has lost one of its brightest ornaments, one whose piety was never doubted, whose zeal knew no abatement, whose contributions in all the departments of Christian benevolence were as constant an unremitting as they were noble and generous.".[142]

Orville Hungerford maqbarasi, Bruksayd qabristoni, Votertaun, Nyu-York.jpg

Orqaga qarash

In many respects, Orville Hungerford, known for his honesty and industriousness, epitomized the o'zini o'zi yaratgan odam of the nineteenth century. The Nyu-York Herald, a newspaper with one of the largest readerships in the country, published Orville's obituary, concluding that "[h]is public reputation, doubtless, rests mainly on his talents as a financier."[143] Decades after his death, a journalist recalled that "[Orville] had rare financial talents, and was a first-class business man." [144]

In July 1908, Jeannette Huntington Riley noted in a letter written for a history of the Adriel Ely family that "Orville Hungerford was a dignified and some might have said a cold, stern man; but to me, only a young girl, he was always exceedingly kind. I am always proud to say I had an uncle who went to Congress when it meant something!" She also noted that his wife, her "aunt Betsey, [was] the sweetest--no other word would express her character."[145]

Most of Hungerford's descendants moved away from Watertown in the twentieth century when industrial malaise struck the region. His memory, however, is still kept alive by some of his scattered family members. Through his granddaughter's progeny - Helen Mary Hungerford Mann - he is honored by having his name bestowed on four generations of males, including eminent attorney, Orville Hungerford Mann Sr., from Nyack, New York.[146]

In 2008, Eleanor Ebbighausen formed the Whitney-Hungerford chapter of the Milliy jamiyat 1812 yilgi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari qizlari in Watertown, N.Y., in part honoring Orville Hungerford because "[h]e was in the mercantile business and gave money, food, dry goods, clothing, guns and gunpowder to support the local militia."[147]

A January 2019 article in the Watertown Daily Times newspaper and its website nny360.com, described a water leak in the roof of the Jefferson County Historical Society in Watertown, N.Y., which damaged a portrait of Orville Hungerford.[148] The article went on to report the following: "Christine E. Godfrey, curator of collections for the society, said she will find out how much repairing the Orville Hungerford painting will cost. She hopes to talk to the Hungerford family to see if they would be willing to help."

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ See the article entitled "The Honorable Orville Hungerford: Humble Origins, Near Greatness" by Richard W. Hungerford Jr. and Andre James ("A.J.") Hungerford in the Bulletin of the Jefferson County Historical Society, Watertown, N.Y., Volume 36, Spring 2007 for a thorough discussion of this man's life.
  2. ^ The two main genealogical sources for the Hungerford family in North America are 1.) "For Thomas Hungerford of Hartford and New London, Conn. and his Descendants in America," by F. Phelps Leach, published by F. Phelps Leach, East Highgate, Vermont, 1932 and, 2.) "A Summary Of The Families Hungerford, Descendants of Thomas of Connecticut, 2nd edition, 1980, (second printing - 1982), Including A Brief History of the Hungerford Family In England from the 12th Century, And Descendants of: Thomas of Ireland, William of Maryland, and Thomas of Maryland," by Stanley W. Hungerford. (Microfiche FHL #6088572)
  3. ^ "For Thomas Hungerford of Hartford and New London, Conn. and his Descendants in America," by F. Phelps Leach, published by F. Phelps Leach, East Highgate, Vermont, 1932, p. 1.
  4. ^ Reference pages 98 through 101 of an unpublished Hungerford genealogy put together by Orville Hungerford, son of the subject of this Wikipedia item, Congressman Orville Hungerford, sometime in 1894—with an index added by H. Hungerford Drake, July 1901.
  5. ^ "Genealogical and Family History of the County of Jefferson New York, A Record of the Achievements of her People and the Phenomenal Growth of her Agricultural and Mechanical Industries" compiled by R.A. Oakes, Custodian of the Jefferson County Historical Society, The Lewis Publishing Company, New York, Volume I, 1905, pp. 32–33.
  6. ^ "Daily News & Reformer," in the June 4, 1862, & June 5, 1862 issues, in a regular feature entitled "Links in the Chain," extracted and compiled by Richard W. Hungerford, Jr. in a work entitled "Deaths in the New York Reformer, 8 Apr 1861 – 31 Dec 1862," 2004, pp. 49–52.
  7. ^ See "Business boomed in Burrville, Now quaint village was once a center of commerce" article by Lenka Walldroff for NNY Business dated May 19, 2012 https://www.nnybizmag.com/index.php/2012/05/19/business-boomed-in-burrville/ [website last visited November 23, 2020]
  8. ^ "The Growth Of A Century: As Illustrated In The History of Jefferson County, New York, From 1793 To 1894," by John A. Haddock, published by Weed-Parsons Printing Co., Albany, NY, 1895, p. 150.
  9. ^ "Recollections of Adriel Ely and Evelina Foster His Wife," arranged by Gertrude Sumner Ely Knowlton and Theodore Newel Ely, 1912, privately printed, p. 17.
  10. ^ "New York Daily Reformer," in the issues dated August 5 & 7, 1863, in an article entitled "Hon. Jabez Foster."
  11. ^ “American State Papers. Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States, from the First Session to the Second Session of the Seventeenth Congress, Inclusive: Commencing March 4, 1789, and Ending March 3, 1823.” Selected and Edited under the Authority of Congress by Walter Lowrie, Secretary of the Senate, and Walter S. Franklin, Clerk of the House of Representatives, Published by B. Gales and Seaton, Washington, D.C., 1834, p. 756.
  12. ^ "Through Eleven Decades of History, Watertown, a History From 1800 to 1912 With Illustrations and Many Incidents," by Joel H. Monroe, Hungerford-Holbrook Co. Watertown, N.Y., 1912, pp. 209–211.
  13. ^ "Recollections of Adriel Ely and Evelina Foster His Wife," arranged by Gertrude Sumner Ely Knowlton and Theodore Newel Ely, 1912, privately printed, p. 9.
  14. ^ "The Hamilton Review" published by the Emerson Literary Society of Hamilton College, June 1895, Vol. IX., No. 1, p. 124.
  15. ^ The New York Herald newspaper, New York, N.Y., Tuesday Morning, October 6, 1840, Vol. VI--No. 14.--Whole No. 1579, p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  16. ^ Northern State Journal newspaper, Watertown, N.Y. Wednesday, June 14, 1848, p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  17. ^ "Fifty Years in Journalism Embracing Recollections and Personal Experiences with an Autobiography", by Beman Brockway, published by Daily Times Printing and Publishing House, Watertown, N.Y., 1891, p. 107.
  18. ^ "Fifty Years in Journalism Embracing Recollections and Personal Experiences with an Autobiography", by Beman Brockway, published by Daily Times Printing and Publishing House, Watertown, N.Y., 1891, p. 108.
  19. ^ "Daily News & Reformer," in the June 4, 1862 & June 5, 1862 issues, in a regular feature entitled "Links in the Chain," extracted and compiled by Richard W. Hungerford, Jr. in a work entitled "Deaths in the New York Reformer, 8 Apr 1861 – 31 Dec 1862," 2004, pp. 49–52.
  20. ^ "The Stanley Families of America as Descended from John, Timothy, and Thomas Stanley of Hartford CT. 1636" compiled by Israel P. Warren, printed by B. Thurston & Co., Portland, Maine, 1887, p. 258.
  21. ^ For an early general overview of the family see the following book: "Additions and Corrections for Thomas Hungerford of Hartford and New London, Conn. and his Descendants in America" by F. Phelps Leach, Published by F. Phelps Leach, East Highgate, Vermont, 1932, p. 58.
  22. ^ "The Stanley Families of America as Descended from John, Timothy, and Thomas Stanley of Hartford CT. 1636" compiled by Israel P. Warren, printed by B. Thurston & Co., Portland, Maine, 1887, p. 272.
  23. ^ "Genealogical and Family History of the County of Jefferson New York, A Record of the Achievements of her People and the Phenomenal Growth of her Agricultural and Mechanical Industries" compiled by R.A. Oakes, Custodian of the Jefferson County Historical Society, The Lewis Publishing Company, New York, Volume I, 1905, p. 35.
  24. ^ "A New York City Creditor and His Upstate Debtors: Isaac Bronson's Moneylending, 1829-1836" by Grant Morrison, New York History, published by Fenimore Art Museum, July 1980, pp. 260–261.
  25. ^ "Centennial Historical Souvenir," issued by the Jefferson County National Bank, Watertown, N. Y., in Commemoration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Founding of the Bank, 1816-1916, Watertown, Hungerford-Holbrook Publishing Co., New York, 1916, p. 24.
  26. ^ "Our County and Its People, A Descriptive Work on Jefferson County, New York," edited by Edgar C. Emerson, The Boston History Company, Publishers, Boston, MA, 1898, p. 335.
  27. ^ "Through Eleven Decades of History, Watertown, a History From 1800 to 1912 With Illustrations and Many Incidents," by Joel H. Monroe, Hungerford-Holbrook Co., Watertown, N.Y., 1912, p. 178.
  28. ^ "Wealth and Biography of the Wealthy Citizens of New York City, comprising an Alphabetical Arrangement of Persons Estimated to be Worth $100,000, and Upwards with the Sums Appended to Each Name: being useful to Banks, Merchants, and Others." compiled and published at the Sun Office, New York, Sixth Edition, 1845, p. 5.
  29. ^ "The Investment Frontier, New York Businessmen and the Economic Development of the Old Northwest" by John Denis Haeger, State University of New York Press, Albany, N.Y., 1981, p.7.
  30. ^ "A New York City Creditor and His Upstate Debtors: Isaac Bronson's Moneylending, 1829-1836" by Grant Morrison, New York History, published by Fenimore Art Museum, July 1980, pp. 260–263.
  31. ^ "The History of Waterbury, Connecticut; The Original Township Embracing Present Watertown and Plymouth, and Parts of Oxford, Wolcott, Middlebury, Prospect and Naugatuck. With an Appendix of Biography, Genealogy and Statistics." by Henry Bronson, M.D., published by Bronson Brothers, Waterbury, Connecticut, printed by T.J. Stafford, New Haven, Connecticut, 1858, pp. 374-375.
  32. ^ "A History of Jefferson County in the State of New York, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time," by Franklin B. Hough, Sterling & Riddell, Watertown, N.Y., 1854, p. 416.
  33. ^ "The New York Herald" newspaper, Tuesday morning edition, April 15, 1851, Whole No. 6749, p. 6.
  34. ^ "The New York Herald" newspaper, Tuesday morning edition, April 15, 1851, Whole No. 6749, p. 6.
  35. ^ "Documents of the Assembly of the State of New-York Sixtieth Session", Volume IV, No. 305, In Assembly April 20, 1837, printed by E. Croswell, Printer to the State, Albany, New York, 1837, p. 4.
  36. ^ Wood v. The President, Directors and Company of the Jefferson County Bank, 9 Cowen's Reports 194, N.Y. [1828].
  37. ^ "Documents of the Assembly of the State of New-York Sixtieth Session", Volume IV, No. 285, In Assembly April 3, 1837, printed by E. Croswell, Printer to the State, Albany, New York, p. 10.
  38. ^ "Documents of the Assembly of the State of New-York Sixtieth Session", Volume IV, No. 285, In Assembly April 3, 1837, printed by E. Croswell, Printer to the State, Albany, New York, p. 16.
  39. ^ "The Daily Union" newspaper, Washington City, Tuesday night, December 23, 1845, Volume 1, Number 201, p. 1.
  40. ^ "Our County and Its People, A Descriptive Work on Jefferson County, New York," edited by Edgar C. Emerson, The Boston History Company, Publishers, Boston, MA, 1898, p. 335.
  41. ^ "Chateaugay Record and Franklin County Democrat," 26 Jul 1918 issue.
  42. ^ "A History of Jefferson County in the State of New York, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time," by Franklin B. Hough, Sterling & Riddell, Watertown, N.Y., 1854, p. 281.
  43. ^ "A History of Jefferson County in the State of New York, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time," by Franklin B. Hough, Sterling & Riddell, Watertown, N.Y., 1854, p. 419.
  44. ^ "Jefferson County Centennial 1905, Speeches, Addresses and Stories of the Towns" compiled by Jere Coughlin, Hungerford-Holbrook Co., Watertown, New York, 1905, p. 396.
  45. ^ "Journal of the Assembly of the State of New York at their Sixty-Second Session, begun and held at the Capitol, in the City of Albany on the First Day of January, 1839" printed by E. Croswell, Printer to the State, Albany, New York, 1839, p.64.
  46. ^ "Northern State Journal" newspaper, Watertown, N.Y., Wednesday, July 28, 1847, Volume 1., No. 49., p. 2. Source accessed on September 9, 2020 on the website of the Northern NY Library Network: http://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn85054388/1847-07-28/ed-1/seq-2/
  47. ^ "Part First. Geographical Gazetteer of Jefferson County, N.Y. 1684-1890." edited by William H. Horton and compiled and published by Hamilton Child, The Syracuse Journal Company, Syracuse, N.Y. July 1890, p. 720.
  48. ^ "Watertown Daily Times," 3 Jan 1925, in an article entitled "Old Watertown Residences," No. 1.
  49. ^ "The North Country, A History, Embracing Jefferson, St. Lawrence, Oswego, Lewis and Franklin Counties, New York", by Harry F. Landon, published by Historical Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1932, Volume One, p. 424.
  50. ^ "The North Country, A History, Embracing Jefferson, St. Lawrence, Oswego, Lewis and Franklin Counties, New York", by Harry F. Landon, published by Historical Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1932, Volume One, p. 424.
  51. ^ National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, NPS Form 10-900 (Oct. 1990), filed for the John Losee House in Watertown, N.Y., received by the National Park Service on December 30, 2013, p. 2 of the continuation sheet. https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/14000004.pdf (accessed September 27, 2020)
  52. ^ National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, NPS Form 10-900, filed for the Norton-Burnham House in Henderson, N.Y., received by the National Park Service on January 8, 2016, p. 21. https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/16000034.pdf (accessed September 27, 2020)
  53. ^ Watertown Daily Times newspaper, Watertown, N.Y., in an article entitled "Last of Hungerford Family Houses in City May Be Razed" by David F. Lane, March 24, 1966.
  54. ^ "Stone Houses of Jefferson County" edited by Maureen Hubbard Barros, Brian W. Gorman, and Robert A. Uhlig with photographs by Richard Margolis, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York, 2015, p. 32. See also the website of the Stone Building Appreciation Society [last visited on November 15, 2020]: https://www.stonehousesofjeffersoncounty.org/historic-houses-inventory The Hungerford mansion is listed as No. 84.
  55. ^ "Military Minutes of the Council of Appointment of the State of New York, 1783-1821," compiled & edited by Hugh Hastings, published by the State of New York, James B. Lyon, State Printer, Albany, N.Y., 1901, Vol. III, pp. 1853–1854.
  56. ^ "Daily News & Reformer," in the June 4, 1862 & June 5, 1862 issues, in a regular feature entitled "Links in the Chain," extracted and compiled by Richard W. Hungerford, Jr. in a work entitled "Deaths in the New York Reformer, 8 Apr 1861 – 31 Dec 1862," 2004, pp. 49–52.
  57. ^ "Military Minutes of the Council of Appointment of the State of New York, 1783-1821," compiled & edited by Hugh Hastings, published by the State of New York, James B. Lyon, State Printer, Albany, N.Y., 1901, Vol. III, p. 2334.
  58. ^ Search of N.Y. archives in September 2020 by the Librarian of the Chancellor Robert R. Livingston Masonic Library, 71 West 23rd Street, 14th floor, New York, N.Y. 10010, showing that Hungerford was listed as a member of Watertown Lodge No. 289 between 1818 and 1827; membership records for this Lodge are scarce after 1827. Website: nymasonic library.org
  59. ^ "A Standard History of Freemasonry in the State of New York" by Peter Ross, The Lewis Publishing Company, New York and Chicago, 1899, pp. 818–819.
  60. ^ "Boston Masonic Mirror", Boston, Massachusetts, dated October 24, 1829, No. 17. Vol. 1. p. 131.
  61. ^ "The North Country, A History, Embracing Jefferson, St. Lawrence, Oswego, Lewis and Franklin Counties, New York", by Harry F. Landon, published by Historical Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1932, Volume One, pp. 328–329.
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  67. ^ "A History of Jefferson County in the State of New York, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time," by Franklin B. Hough, Sterling & Riddell, Watertown, N.Y., 1854, pages 35ff.
  68. ^ An ACT to incorporate the Watertown Water Company passed by the 49th Session of the N.Y. Legislature on April 10, 1826.
  69. ^ The Condition of Greece in 1827 and 1828; being an Exposition of the Poverty, Distress, and Misery to which the Inhabitants have been Reduced by the Destruction of their Towns and Villages, and the Ravages of their Country, by a Merciless Turkish Foe by Col. Jonathan P. Miller, printed by J & J Harper, New-York, N.Y., 1828, p. 286.
  70. ^ "A Souvenir of the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence River from Kingston and Cape Vincent to Morristown and Brockville with their Recorded History from Earliest Times, their Legends, their Romances, their Fortifications and their Contests" edited and published by John A. Haddock, printed by Weed-Parsons Printing Company, Albany, New York, Second Edition, 1896, p.15.
  71. ^ Minutes of the Jefferson County Board of Supervisors dated November 19, 1829.
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  75. ^ See the Jefferson County Agricultural Society's website: https://www.jeffcofair.org [last visited on October 3, 2020].
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Tashqi havolalar

  • Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongressi. "Orville Hungerford (id: H000968)". Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongressining biografik ma'lumotnomasi.
  • Orville Hungerford da Qabrni toping


AQSh Vakillar palatasi
Oldingi
Samuel S. Boun		 A'zosiAQSh Vakillar palatasi
dan Nyu-Yorkning 19-kongress okrugi
1843–1847		Muvaffaqiyatli
Jozef Mullin