Parabon NanoLabs - Parabon NanoLabs

Parabon NanoLabs, Inc. asoslangan kompaniya Reston, Virjiniya, bu rivojlanadi nanofarmasotiklar[1] va beradi DNKni fenotiplash uchun xizmatlar huquqni muhofaza qilish tashkilotlar.[2]

Tarix

Parabon NanoLabs, Parabon Computation sho'ba korxonasi, hisoblash dasturiy ta'minoti,[3] Stiven Armentrout, Maykl Norton va Kristofer Duayer tomonidan 2008 yilda tashkil etilgan. 2018 yilda Armentrout Parabon Computation kompaniyasining bosh ijrochi direktori va prezidenti bo'lgan.[1][4][5] Parabon NanoLabs nanotexnologiya va DNK fenotipi yordamida onkologik terapevtik va sintetik vaktsinalarni ishlab chiqdi.[1]

Mahsulotlar

inSēquio dizayn studiyasi

Bilan birga Edgevud kimyoviy biologik markazi, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining tadqiqot byurosi va Milliy Ilmiy Jamg'arma Federal kichik biznesni innovatsion tadqiqotlar dasturidagi loyiha doirasida Parabon nanomuhandislik DNK konstruktsiyalari uchun inSēquio Design Studio deb nomlangan kompyuter yordamida loyihalash dasturini ishlab chiqdi. Ushbu dastur sintetik vaktsinalarni ishlab chiqish va ishlab chiqish uchun ishlatilgan.[6]

Oniy rasm

Suratga olish DNKni fenotiplash xizmati - Parabon NanoLabs tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan DNK fenotipi vositasining nomi, bu DNK namunalari asosida kompozit yuzni ko'rish eskizlarini yaratadi.[7] The algoritmlar kompozitlarni tayyorlash uchun foydalanilmaydi ochiq manba ammo, bu ilmiy hamjamiyat a'zolarining tanqidiga sabab bo'ldi.[7][8] Muso Shanfild, professor sud ekspertizasi da Jorj Vashington universiteti, yo'qligini tanqid qildi taqriz, mahsulot uchun omma oldida ishlash ko'rsatkichlari mavjud emasligini ta'kidladi.[5] 2016 yilgi maqolada Amerika fuqarolik erkinliklari ittifoqi faqat genetik fenotip yordamida "... bu erda genlar va tashqi xususiyatlar o'rtasidagi bog'liqlik yaxshi isbotlangan, ekspertlar tomonidan ko'rib chiqilgan, keng tarqalgan fanga asoslangan, masalan, hozirda sochlar va ko'zlarning ranglari bilan bog'liq bo'lgan".[9] Teri rangini bashorat qilish biroz ishonchli ekanligi, ammo yuzning shakli haqida bashorat qilinmaganligi haqida xabar berilgan.[10] Shimoliy Karolina tergovchilari 2015 yilda Parabonning Snapshot DNKni fenotiplash xizmati Xose Alvaresni 2015 yilda Troya va LaDonna frantsuzlarning qotili sifatida 2012 yilda aniqlashda yordam bergan deb hisoblashdi.[11] Genetik nasab uchun GEDmatch-dan foydalanishda 2019 yilda maxfiylik cheklovlari DNK fenotipini tez-tez uchratishi mumkin.[12] Illumina, Inc. va Identitas AG shunga o'xshash DNK fenotiplash xizmatlarini taklif qilishlari haqida xabar berilgan.[13] Qo'shma Shtatlar Mudofaa vazirligi "Snapshot" dasturini rivojlantirish uchun taxminan $ 2,000,000 ajratdi.[10]

Keystone

Parabon NanoLabs kompaniyasi tomonidan ikki yillik shartnoma imzolandi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Mudofaa vazirligi DNK dalillarini sud-tibbiy tahlil qilish uchun "Keystone" deb nomlangan dasturiy platformani ishlab chiqish.[12]

Genetik nasab

Parabonning genetik nasabnomasi bo'limi

2018 yil may oyida Parabon NanoLabs nasabnomani tayinladi CeCe Mur ularning genetik nasab bo'limi boshlig'i sifatida[14] uning uchun ishlaydigan uchta nasabnomachilar bilan.

Amerika huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari bilan hamkorlikda Parabon yukladi DNK dalillari jinoyat joylaridan tortib to GEDmatch jinoyatchilarni aniqlash maqsadida.[15]

2018 yil noyabr oyida Parabon 200 ta ishda ishlayotganini, 55% qo'rg'oshin ishlab chiqarganini aytdi[16][17] va 2019 yil may oyida ular sovuq ishlarni haftada bir martadan hal qilishlarini aytishdi.[18]

2019 yil may oyida GEDmatch DNK-ni o'z saytiga yuklagan odamlardan huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralariga ularning ma'lumotlariga kirishga ruxsat berish uchun maxsus tanlovni talab qildi. Maxfiylik siyosatidagi ushbu o'zgarish kelajakda huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralari va Parabon tomonidan gumon qilinuvchilarni aniqlash va genetik nasabnomadan foydalangan holda sovuq ishlarni hal qilishni ancha qiyinlashtirishi taxmin qilingan edi.[19][20]

Tomonidan nashr etilgan maqolaga ko'ra Los Anjeles Tayms 2019 yil noyabrda "[CeCe] Mur Parabon 300 ga yaqin DNK qidiruvlarini ochganini va laboratoriya deyarli 100 ta ishni hal qilganini aytdi - garchi hanuzgacha bir necha o'nlab holatlarda hibsga olinmagan."[21] 2020 yil may oyida Parabon 500 ga yaqin ishda 109 gumon qilingan ijobiy identifikatsiya bilan qatnashgani haqida xabar berilgan edi.[3]

2019 yil dekabr oyida GEDmatch sud ekspertizasi, foyda olish uchun DNKni tahlil qiluvchi kompaniyaga sotilganligi e'lon qilindi Verogen Bosh direktor Brett Uilyams ma'lumotlar bazasini xaridorlari uchun xavfsizroq qilishni, shu jumladan qidiruv orderlariga qarshi kurashishni va'da qildi.[22]

Podkastning Skott Fisher bilan 2020 yil may oyida bergan intervyusida Ekstremal genlar, CeCe Mur uning genetik nasabnomasi sifatida u endi huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari uchun mavjud bo'lgan profillarning pasayishi sababli GEDmatch-dan foydalanmaydi. Mur shunday dedi: "Shunday qilib, agar biz hali ham [GEDmatch] ma'lumotlar bazasiga to'liq kirish imkoniga ega bo'lsak, bu millionlab ortiqcha profillarga ega bo'lishimiz yaxshiroq edi, ammo bu bizni to'xtata olmadi. Shuningdek, biz Family Tree DNK-dan ko'proq foydalanmoqdamiz Parabon to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yuklay olmaydi, lekin biz ishlayotgan agentliklar bizdan xom ma'lumotni olishlari va Family Tree DNK-ga yuklashlari, keyin biz uchun kirish ma'lumotlari bilan qaytib kelishlari mumkin. bilan ba'zi holatlar Oila daraxti DNK hozir mos keladi. Ma'lumki, agar ular AQSh mijozi bo'lsa, avtomatik ravishda tanlab qo'yiladigan rad etish holatidir, agar siz tanlamasangiz. "[23] Ushbu to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kirishning cheklanganligi, FamilyTreeDNA-ning o'z genetik nasab bo'yicha maslahatchisiga ega bo'lishi bilan bog'liq bo'lishi mumkin, Barbara Reyn-Venter, kim hal qildi Oltin shtat qotili 2018 yil may oyida sovuq ish.[24]

2020 yil 26 mayda ABC televizion tarmog'ining premyerasi bo'lib o'tdi Genetik detektiv, Parabon's featuring CeCe Mur, Stiven Armentrout, tibbiyot fanlari nomzodi va Ellen Makrey Greytak, tibbiyot fanlari nomzodi Bir soat davom etadigan epizodlarda Murning genetik nasabnomasi guruhi Parabon bilan ish boshlaganidan beri ishlagan holatlar aks etgan.

Ish natijalari: Sinov uchun

Quyidagi holatlar aniqlangan va keyin ko'rsatilgan jinoyatlar uchun hibsga olingan gumon qilinuvchilarni o'z ichiga oladi. Sudda aybdorligi isbotlanmaguncha, barcha gumon qilinuvchilar aybsiz hisoblanadi. Sudlanganliklar yashil rangda ta'kidlangan.

Ishning natijalari: E'tiroflar va aybdorlik iltimoslari

Quyidagi holatlarda huquqbuzarlik uchun hibsga olingan gumonlanuvchi keyinchalik aybiga iqror bo'ldi va sudga murojaat qilmasdan hukm qilindi.

Ish natijalari: o'lgan birlamchi gumon qilinuvchilarni aniqlash

Ushbu holatlarda huquqbuzar aniqlangan, ammo hech qachon javobgarlikka tortilmay vafot etgan. Ushbu dastlabki gumonlanuvchilarni aniqlashda foizlarning aniqligi o'ta yuqori bo'lsa-da, sud ishlari olib borilmasligi sababli ishlar ochiq qolmoqda.

Case Results: Identification of John and Jane Does

Unidentified remains of deceased individuals are given the names Jane Doe for females and John Doe for males. In cases where homicide is suspected, the identification of the remains is the first step in finding the deceased's killer. Not all Does are victims of homicide, however.

Adabiyotlar

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