Pteridofit filogeniyasi guruhi - Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group

The Pteridofit filogeniyasi guruhi, yoki PPG, muntazamlikning xalqaro norasmiy guruhidir botaniklar bo'yicha kelishuvga erishish uchun hamkorlik qiladiganlar tasnif ning pteridofitlar (likofitlar va ferns ) orqali topilgan o'simlik munosabatlari haqidagi bilimlarni aks ettiradi filogenetik tadqiqotlar. 2016 yilda guruh mavjud bo'lgan pteridofitlar uchun "PPG I" deb nomlangan tasnifni nashr etdi. Maqolada 94 ta muallif bor edi (26 ta asosiy va 68 ta qo'shimcha).^[1]

PPG I

Faqatgina mavjud (tirik) pteridofitlarni o'z ichiga olgan birinchi tasnif PPG I 2016 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan. Dan foydalangan holda tasniflash darajaga asoslangan edi darajalar sinf, subklass, tartib, suborder, oilaviy, subfamily va jins.^[1]

Filogeniya

Tasniflash quyida tartib darajasida ko'rsatilgan konsensus filogeniyasiga asoslangan edi.^[1]

traxeofitlar

Likopodiopsida

Likopodiales

	Isoëtales

	Selaginellales

	Psilotales

	Ofioglossales

	Kiyallar

	Polipodiales

spermatofitlar

Juda katta tartibli Polypodiales ikkita subordinatsiyaga bo'lindi, shuningdek suborderga joylashtirilmagan oilalar:^[1]

Polipodiales

Oilalar Sakcolomataceae, Sistodiaceae, Lonchitidaceae va Lindsaeaceae

Pteridaceae

Dennstaedtiaceae

eupolypodlar

	Suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypodlar II)

	Suborder Polypodiineae (eupolypodlar I)

Oilaviy darajadagi tasnif

Subfamila darajasiga PPG I tasnifi quyidagicha.^[1]

Sinf Likopodiopsida Bartl. (3 ta buyurtma, 3 ta oila, 18 ta nasl)

Buyurtma Likopodiales DC. sobiq Bercht. & J.Presl (1 oila, 16 nasl)

Oila Lycopodiaceae P. Bov. (16 nasl)

Subfamily Lycopodielloideae W.H.Vagner va Beitel sobiq B.Øllg. (4 nasl)
Subfamily Likopodioidlar W.H.Vagner va Beitel sobiq B. Øllg. (9 nasl)
Subfamily Huperzioideae W.H.Vagner va Beitel sobiq B. Øllg. (3 nasl)

Buyurtma Isoëtales Prantl (1 oila, 1 tur)

Oila Isoëtaceae Dumort. (1 tur)

Buyurtma Selaginellales Prantl (1 oila, 1 tur)

Oila Selaginellaceae Volok (1 tur)

Sinf Polipodiopsida Cronquist, Taxt. & V.Zimm. (11 ta buyurtma, 48 ta oila, 319 ta nasl)

Subklass Equisetidae Issiq. (1 buyurtma, 1 oila, 1 tur)

Buyurtma Equisetales DC. sobiq Bercht. & J.Presl (1 oila, 1 tur)

Oila Equisetaceae Michx. sobiq DC (1 tur)

Subklass Ophioglossidae Klinge (2 ta buyurtma, 2 ta oila, 12 ta nasl)

Buyurtma Psilotales Prant (1 oila, 2 nasl)

Oila Psilotaceae J.W.Griff. & Henfr. (2 nasl)

Buyurtma Ofioglossales Havola (1 oila, 10 nasl)

Oila Ophioglossaceae Martinov (10 nasl)

Subfamily Helminthostachyoideae C.Presl (1 tur)
Subfamily Mankyuoideae J.R.Grant va B.Dofin (1 tur)
Subfamily Ophioglossoideae C.Presl (4 nasl)
Subfamily Botrikioidlar C.Presl (4 nasl)

Subklass Marattiidae Klinge (1 buyurtma, 1 oila, 6 nasl)

Buyurtma Marattiales Havola (1 oila, 6 nasl)

Oila Marattiaceae Kaulf (6 nasl)

Subklass Polypodiidae Cronquist, Taxt. & V.Zimm. (7 ta buyurtma, 44 ta oila, 300 ta nasl)

Buyurtma Osmundales Havola (1 oila, 6 nasl)

Oila Osmundaceae Martinov (6 nasl)

Buyurtma Gimenofillalar Frank Frank (1 oila, 9 nasl)

Oila Gimenofillaceae Mart (9 nasl)

Subfamily Trichomanoideae C.Presl (8 nasl)
Subfamily Gimenofiloidlar Burnett (1 tur)

Buyurtma Gleicheniales Shimp (3 ta oila, 10 ta nasl)

Oila Matoniaceae C.Pres (2 nasl)
Oila Dipteridaceae Seward & E.Dale (2 nasl)
Oila Gleicheniaceae C.Presl (6 nasl)

Buyurtma Shizayellar Shimp. (3 oila, 4 nasl)

Oila Lygodiaceae M.Roem (1 tur)
Oila Schizaeaceae Kaulf (2 nasl)
Oila Anemiya Havola (1 tur)

Buyurtma Salviniales Havola (2 ta oila, 5 ta nasl)

Oila Salvineya Martinov (2 nasl)
Oila Marsilya Mirb. (3 nasl)

Buyurtma Kiyallar Frank Frank (8 ta oila, 13 ta nasl)

Oila Thyrsopteridaceae C.Presl (1 tur)
Oila Loxsomataceae C.Presl (2 nasl)
Oila Culcitaceae Pic.Serm (1 tur)
Oila Plagiogiriaceae Bou (1 tur)
Oila Cibotiaceae Koral (1 tur)
Oila Metaksiya Pic.Serm. (1 tur)
Oila Diksoniya M.R.Shomb. (3 nasl)
Oila Cyatheaceae Kaulf. (3 nasl)

Buyurtma Polipodiales Havola (26 oila, 253 avlod)

Suborder Sakcolomatineae Hovenkamp (1 oila, 1 tur)

Oila Sakcolomataceae Doveld (1 tur)

Suborder Lindsaeineae Lehtonen va Tuomist (3 oila, 9 nasl)

Oila Sistodiaceae JR Kroft (1 tur)
Oila Lonchitidaceae Doveld (1 tur)
Oila Lindsaeaceae C.Presl sobiq R.R.Shomb. (7 nasl)

Suborder Pteridineae J.Prado va Schuettp (1 oila, 53 avlod)

Oila Pteridaceae EMD Kirchn. (53 avlod)

Subfamily Parkerioideae Burnett (2 nasl)
Subfamily Kriptogrammoidalar S.Lindsay (3 nasl)
Subfamily Pteridoideae Havola (13 nasl)
Subfamily Vittarioideae Havola (12 nasl)
Subfamily Cheilanthoideae Horvat (23 nasl)

Suborder Dennstaedtiineae Shvartsb. & Hovenkamp (1 oila, 10 nasl)

Oila Dennstaedtiaceae Juda ko'p (10 nasl)

Suborder Aspleniineae H.Schneid. & C.J.Rothf (11 ta oila, 72 ta nasl)

Oila Sistopteridaceae Shmakov (3 nasl)
Oila Rachidosoraceae X.Chang (1 tur)
Oila Diplaziopsidaceae X.Chang va Kristen. (2 nasl)
Oila Desmophlebiaceae Mynssen (1 tur)
Oila Hemidictyaceae Kristen. & H.Schneid. (1 tur)
Oila Aspleniaceae Nyuman (2 nasl)
Oila Woodsiaceae Gerter (1 tur)
Oila Onocleaceae Pic.Serm. (4 nasl)
Oila Blechnaceae Nyuman (24 nasl)

Subfamily Stenoxlaenoideae (Ching) J.P.Roux (3 nasl)
Subfamily Woodwardioideae Gasper (3 nasl)
Subfamily Blechnoideae Gasper, V.A.Dittrich va Salino (18 nasl)

Oila Atiriya Alston (3 nasl)
Oila Thelipteridaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm. (30 avlod)

Subfamily Phegopteridoideae Salino, A.R.Sm. & T.E. Almeid (3 nasl)
Subfamily Thelipteridoideae C.F.Red (27 nasl)

Suborder Polypodiineae Dumort. (9 ta oila, 108 ta nasl)

Oila Dymochlaenaceae Ching ex Li Bing Zhang va Liang Zhang (1 tur)
Oila Gipodematiya Ching (2 nasl)
Oila Dryopteridaceae Gerter (26 nasl)

Subfamily Polybotryoideae H.M.Liu va X.C.Zhang (7 nasl)
Subfamily Elafoglossoideae (Pic.Serm.) Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel (11 nasl)
Subfamily Dryopteridoideae Havola (6 nasl)
Bir oilaga tayinlanmagan 2 nasl

Oila Nefrolepidaceae Pic.Serm. (1 tur)
Oila Lomariopsidaceae Alston (4 nasl)
Oila Tekareysiyalar Panigrahi (7 nasl)
Oila Oleandraceae Ching ex Pic.Serm. (1 tur)
Oila Davalliaceae M.R.Shomb. (1 tur)
Oila Polypodiaceae J.Presl va C.Presl (65 nasl)

Subfamily Loxogrammoideae H.Schneid. (2 nasl)
Subfamily Platitserioidlar B.K.Nayar (2 nasl)
Subfamily Drynarioideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel (6 nasl)
Subfamily Mikrosoroidlar B.K.Nayar (12 nasl)
Subfamily Polipodioidlar Shirin (9 nasl)
Subfamily Grammitidoideae Parris & Sundue (33 nasl)
1 turkum oilaga tayinlanmagan

Turlarning soni

PPG I-da ishlatiladigan nasllar soni ziddiyatli ekanligini isbotladi. PPG I 18 likofit va 319 fern naslidan foydalanadi.^[1] Smit va boshqalar tomonidan ilgari surilgan tizim. (2006) faqat ferns uchun 274 dan 312 gacha bo'lgan nasllarni taklif qildi.^[2] Aksincha, Christenhusz & Chase (2014) tizimida 5 ta lykofit va 212 ga yaqin fern nasli ishlatilgan.^[3] Fern turlarining soni keyingi nashrda yana 207 ga qisqartirildi.^[4]

Ushbu ikki yondashuvning har birida ishlatiladigan nasllar sonini ularning tarafdorlari himoya qilgan. PPG I ni himoya qilish, Shuettpelz va boshq. (2018) ko'p sonli avlodlar "yangi to'plamlar va yangi ma'lumotlarni bosqichma-bosqich to'plash" natijasi va shuning uchun "fernlarning xilma-xilligini yanada qadrlashi va [..] taksonlarni ajratish qobiliyati yaxshilanganligi" ni ta'kidlaydilar. Ular, shuningdek, PPG I tizimidagi turlar soni boshqa organizmlar guruhiga qaraganda ko'proq ekanligini ta'kidlaydilar (ferns uchun har bir jins uchun taxminan 33 tur, qariyb 22 turga nisbatan angiospermlar ) va Christenhusz va Chase taklif qilayotgan nasllar sonini kamaytirish fernlar uchun har bir urug 'uchun 50 ga yaqin turni haddan tashqari ko'payishini beradi.^[5] Bunga javoban, Christenhusz & Chase (2018) nasllarning haddan tashqari bo'linishi nomlarning ishlatilishini beqarorlashtiradi va kelajakda yanada beqarorlikka olib keladi va juda ajralib ketgan nasllar ularni tanib olish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan belgilar kam bo'lsa, identifikatsiyalash qiyin, hatto umumiy darajaga qadar. Ular bundan tashqari, har bir turga qarab turlarni turlicha guruhlarga taqqoslash "tubdan ma'nosiz" deb ta'kidlaydilar.^[4]

Shuningdek qarang

Fern oilalari ro'yxati

Adabiyotlar

^ ^a ^b ^v ^d ^e ^f PPG I (2016), "mavjud bo'lgan likofitlar va fernlar uchun jamoadan kelib chiqqan tasnif", Systematics and Evolution jurnali, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111 / jse.12229
^ Smit, Alan R.; Prayer, Ketlin M.; Shuettpels, Erik; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald & Wolf, Pol G. (2006), "Uzoq davom etgan fernlar uchun tasnif", Takson, 55 (3): 705–731, doi:10.2307/25065646, JSTOR 25065646
^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014), "Fern tasnifidagi tendentsiyalar va tushunchalar", Botanika yilnomalari, 113 (4): 571–594, doi:10.1093 / aob / mct299
^ ^a ^b Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. & Chase, Mark W. (2018), "PPG juda ko'p fern avlodlarini taniydi", Takson, 67 (3): 481–487, doi:10.12705/673.2
^ Shuettpels, Erik; Rouhan, Germinal; Prayer, Ketlin M.; Rotfels, Karl J.; Prado, Jefferson; Sundue, Maykl A.; Vindxem, Maykl D. Moran, Robbin C. va Smit, Alan R. (2018), "Fern avlodlari juda ko'pmi?", Takson, 67 (3): 473–480, doi:10.12705/673.1

[PPGI-1] v ^d ^e ^f PPG I (2016), "mavjud bo'lgan likofitlar va fernlar uchun jamoadan kelib chiqqan tasnif", Systematics and Evolution jurnali, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111 / jse.12229

[SmitPryeSchuKora06-2] Smit, Alan R.; Prayer, Ketlin M.; Shuettpels, Erik; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald & Wolf, Pol G. (2006), "Uzoq davom etgan fernlar uchun tasnif", Takson, 55 (3): 705–731, doi:10.2307/25065646, JSTOR 25065646

[ChriChas14-3] Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014), "Fern tasnifidagi tendentsiyalar va tushunchalar", Botanika yilnomalari, 113 (4): 571–594, doi:10.1093 / aob / mct299

[ChriChas18-4] Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. & Chase, Mark W. (2018), "PPG juda ko'p fern avlodlarini taniydi", Takson, 67 (3): 481–487, doi:10.12705/673.2

[SchuRouhPryeRoth18-5] Shuettpels, Erik; Rouhan, Germinal; Prayer, Ketlin M.; Rotfels, Karl J.; Prado, Jefferson; Sundue, Maykl A.; Vindxem, Maykl D. Moran, Robbin C. va Smit, Alan R. (2018), "Fern avlodlari juda ko'pmi?", Takson, 67 (3): 473–480, doi:10.12705/673.1

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