Sha1sum - Sha1sum

sha1sum a kompyuter dasturi hisoblab chiqadi va tekshiradi SHA-1 xeshlar. Odatda fayllarning yaxlitligini tekshirish uchun foydalaniladi. U (yoki variant) sukut bo'yicha ko'p hollarda o'rnatiladi Linux tarqatish. Variantlarga quyidagilar kiradi shasum (SHA-1 orqali SHA-512 xash funktsiyalarini qo'lda tanlashga imkon beradi), sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum va sha512sum, aniq biridan foydalanadigan SHA-2 xash funktsiyasi va sha3sum (bu ruxsat beradi SHA-3 SHA3-512, SHAKE, RawSHAKE va Keccak funktsiyalari qo'lda tanlanadi). Uchun versiyalar Microsoft Windows mavjud va ActivePerl tarqatish Perl dasturini o'z ichiga oladi shasum. Yoqilgan FreeBSD va OpenBSD kommunal xizmatlar chaqiriladi md5, sha1, sha256va sha512. Ushbu versiyalar biroz boshqacha variantlar va xususiyatlarni taklif etadi. Bundan tashqari, FreeBSD "SKEIN" xabarlarni tarqatish oilasini taqdim etadi.

SHA-1 variantlari isbotlangan himoyasiz to'qnashuv hujumlari va foydalanuvchilar, masalan, SHA-2 variantidan foydalanishlari kerak sha256sum aksincha, dushman tomonidan buzilishning oldini olish uchun.[1][2]

Bunga kiritilgan GNU Core Utility,[3] Busybox[4] va Toybox.[5]

Misollar

Agar sha1 xash bilan fayl yaratish uchun, agar u taqdim etilmagan bo'lsa:

$ sha1sum fayl nomi [fayl nomi2] ...> SHA1SUM

Agar bitta fayl tarqatilsa, ".sha1" fayl nomiga qo'shilishi mumkin, masalan:

$ sha1sum - ikkilik my-zip.tar.gz> my-zip.tar.gz.sha1

Chiqish shaklning bitta faylida bitta qatorni o'z ichiga oladi "{xash} SPACE (ASTERISK | SPACE) [{katalog} SLASH] {fayl nomi}"(Yaxshi e'tibor bering, agar xash dayjestni yaratish ikkilik rejim o'rniga matn rejimida amalga oshirilsa, unda bitta bo'shliq belgisi va yulduzcha o'rniga ikkita bo'shliq belgisi bo'ladi.) Masalan:

$ sha1sum -b my-zip.tar.gzd5db29cd03a2ed055086cef9c31c252b4587d6d0 * my-zip.tar.gz$ sha1sum -b subdir / filename255086cef9c87d6d031cd5db29cd03a2ed0252b45 * subdir / filename2

Fayl to'g'ri yuklab olinganligini yoki u buzilmaganligini tekshirish uchun:

$ sha1sum -c SHA1SUMfayl nomi: OKfayl nomi2: OK$ sha1sum -c my-zip.tar.gz.sha1my-zip.tar.gz: OK

Fayl daraxtlarini xashlash

sha1sum katalog ichida faqat bitta yoki bir nechta fayllarning checksumlarini yaratishi mumkin, lekin kataloglar daraxtining emas, ya'ni pastki kataloglar, pastki kataloglar va boshqalar va ular tarkibidagi fayllar. Buning yordamida foydalanish mumkin sha1sum bilan birgalikda topmoq bilan buyruq bering -exec variant, yoki tomonidan quvurlar dan chiqish topmoq ichiga xargs. sha1deep katalog daraxtining yig'indisini yaratishi mumkin.

Foydalanish uchun sha1sum bilan topmoq:

$ s_ * -type f -exec sha1sum ni toping '{}' ;65c23f142ff6bcfdddeccebc0e5e63c41c9c1721 s_1 / file_s11d3d59905cf5fc930cd4bf5b709d5ffdbaa9443b2 s_2 / file_s215590e00ea904568199b86aee4b770fb1b5645ab8 s_a / file_02

Xuddi shu tarzda, truboprovod orqali chiqish topmoq ichiga xargs bir xil mahsulotni beradi:

$ s_ * turini toping | xargs sha1sum65c23f142ff6bcfdddeccebc0e5e63c41c9c1721 s_1 / file_s11d3d59905cf5fc930cd4bf5b709d5ffdbaa9443b2 s_2 / file_s215590e00ea904568199b86aee4b770fb1b5645ab8 s_a / file_02

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Bryus Shnayer. "SHA-1ning kriptanalizi". Shnayer xavfsizlik to'g'risida.
  2. ^ https://security.googleblog.com/2017/02/announcing-first-sha1-collision.html
  3. ^ https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/sha1sum-invocation.html
  4. ^ https://github.com/mirror/busybox/blob/a6f8651/testsuite/sha1sum.tests
  5. ^ https://github.com/landley/toybox/blob/409a8e093a4ea8e0892ab302b4fd433d08f435eb/toys/lsb/md5sum.c#L17

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