Taukei ni Valuvu - Taukei ni Waluvu

Taukei ni Valuvu bu "toshqinning tubi" uchun fijiancha ibora. Bu an'anaviy ravishda Nairukuruku qishlog'ining Siko-Natabutale jangchi tepalik klanining unvonidir. O'n to'qqizinchi asrning o'rtalaridagi klan tarixi asosan Fidjida mustamlakachilikni qo'llab-quvvatlagan tizim, din va g'arbiy madaniyatning ijtimoiy tuzilmalarini aks ettiradi. An'ana, nasroniylik va inglizlarning bilvosita qoidalari birlashib, boshqaruvning to'g'ri usuli sifatida qabul qilingan narsani qonuniylashtirdi. Ba'zi zamonaviy tanqidchilar ekspluatatsiya qiluvchilar deb qoralagan Fijian asosan tizim mahalliy ijtimoiy o'zaro bog'liqlik vositasi va mustamlakachilikgacha ishlatilgan Fidji mahalliy klanlari tomonidan taqsimlangan an'anaviy shartnoma edi.^[1] Mustaqillikdan beri asosan tizim zamonaviy talablarga moslashishi kerak edi. Antropolog Artur Kapell Fidji ichidagi qabilaviy migratsiyani o'rganishda "Fidji tarixi asosan oilalar tarixi" degan fikrni ta'kidladi.^[2] Ushbu ibora aslida hokimiyat muqaddas hisoblangan Fijian an'anaviy jamiyatining ierarxik xususiyatini ta'kidladi. Boshliqlar va G'arbliklarning, ayniqsa missionerlarning o'zaro munosabatlari, shu tariqa XIX asrda Fijian madaniyati va urf-odatlari to'g'risida tushuncha yig'ish uchun asosiy nuqtaga aylandi. Keyingi antropolog Jeyms Tyorner: "Asosan Nairukuruku oilalari sharqiy Viti Levu tog'larida birinchi bo'lib markaziy hukumatga sodiqligini e'lon qilishdi va bu qo'llab-quvvatlash natijasida ularning ta'siri butun mintaqada kengayib bordi".^[3]

Afsona

Men Vunidavada bo'lganimda, birinchi navbatda, qishloqdan qishloqqa urilgan lalilar (ichi bo'shilgan yog'och barabanlar) haqidagi xabarlar orqali Ratu Manasa Taukei ni Valuvu (To'fonning egasi yoki egasi), Waima-ning eng yuqori boshlig'i Matailobau haqida xabar tarqaldi. va Nagonenikolo tumanlari Nairukurukuda vafot etgan ... Bu merosxo'r unvonining egasi vafot etishi bilan toshqinlar ikki haftaga to'g'ri keladi degan odatiy fikr edi. Men reguregu marosimiga borishim kerak edi va mening nomimdan matanivanua tomonidan motam uchun kit tishini sovg'a qildim. Hozirga qadar u yaxshi edi, ammo yangiliklardan bir kun o'tib osmon toshqinlar bilan ochildi. Daryo taqiqlangan darajada va tahlikali oqimlar bilan oqdi.^[4]- Britaniyalik mustamlaka ma'muri Filipp Snoud, 1944 yil.

Taukei ni Valuvu an'anaviy ravishda Nabena boshliqligining etakchi boshlig'i, Matailobau tumani dastlab o'n ikki qabiladan iborat bo'lgan, yilda Naitasiri viloyati. Terner madaniy o'zgarishlarni kuzatdi, bu erda Nabenaning boshlig'i uning fuqarolaridan chetlashtirilmaydi, lekin ierarxik qishloq tuzilishida emas, balki tengroq sharoitda o'tiradi. Chet kishining dastlabki taassurotlari shu primus inter pares uning tumanida.^[5] Matailobau tumani Sharqning mustamlakaga qadar bo'lgan davlatlaridan biri bo'lish Viti Levu Orol va ilgari Kolo-Sharqiy tepalik provinsiyasi.^[6] 1945 yilda Colo East kompaniyasi birlashdi Naitasiri viloyati. Mustaqillikgacha bo'lgan boshqa Sharqiy Viti Levu - Verata, Vaymaro, Bau, Rewa, Naitasiri va Namosi.^[7]

Bau shahridan Ratu Seru Apenisa Cakobau Vunivalu 1852-1883

1862 yil sentyabr oyida g'ayratli metodist missioner avliyo Frederik Langem Nalava tumani Ra orqali Viti Levu shahrining Vaynimala daryosi boshidan Nakorosule-Vaymaroga yo'l oldi. U Nakorosule boshlig'i, shuningdek Taukei ni Valuvuning jiyani bo'lgan Rotavisoro tomonidan an'anaviy protokol uning amakisi Rodavetanivaluga, o'sha paytda tanilgan Taukei Waiburebure birinchi navbatda Navaulele konvertatsiya qilinadi.

Muhtaram Uolles Din, Nakorosule boshlig'ining so'zlarini aytdi: "Agar men siz olib keladigan dinni qabul qilsam, qarindoshlarim menga g'azablanishadi. Mening maslahatim: Taukei Waiburebure Navaulele shahrida. U mening asosiy amakim. Agar u Lotuni (dinni) xohlasa, men ham uni qabul qilaman ". ^[8] Ehtimol, Xendersonning kuzatuvi Rotavisoroning ikkilanishini anglash uchun o'rinli bo'lishi mumkin, "bu vaqtda Fidjida nasroniylikni qabul qilgan har qanday etakchi bosh katta xavflarni o'z zimmasiga olgan. Uning vakolati ma'lum darajada uning samaradorligiga, ayniqsa urushda, asosan uning nasl-nasabiga bog'liq edi; Odamlar qo'zg'atgan va qo'rqqan xudolardan. Qadimgi xudolar bilan aloqani uzib, u oyoqlarini ostidan yerni kesib tashladi va Fidjidagi har bir boshliqning hokimiyatiga zarba berdi, ular shoshilmadilar. "^[9] Fidji metodistlari tarixida qayd etilganidek, Ratu Meli Rodavetanivalu II qabul qildi Lotu va 1862 yil 14 sentyabrda Langxem orqali nominal nasroniyga aylandi va keyinchalik 1867 yilda Navosaga bo'lgan taqdirli sayohatida muhtaram Tomas Beyker tomonidan suvga cho'mdirildi. Tau Nalava orqali olib borilgan Bauan qarindoshlik siyosati Taukei ni Valuvuning konvertatsiya qilinishida muhim rol o'ynadi. Muhtaram Dean ushbu epizodni aytib berishda "To'fonning tug'uvchisi" Kakobau tomonidan unga berilgan yuksak mukofotlarga qarshi isbot emas edi va o'z maslahatchilari bilan uzoq suhbatdan so'ng Xushxabarni nominal tarzda qabul qilishga rozi bo'ldi. Og'ir ofat va xalqi uchun eng katta ne'mat bilan to'la. "^[10] So'ngra Din bir zumda harakat qilib, "To'fonning mahalliy aholisi" ni batafsil davom ettirdi va o'z odamlarini yig'di va ularga qarorini aytib berdi. Uning so'zi, albatta, deyarli oliy edi va uning so'zlarini eshitgandan so'ng, ular baland ovoz bilan o'zlarining ma'qullashlarini baqirishdi va Xushxabarni ularning orasiga kiritishdi. "^[10]

An'analar buni qayd etadi Ratu Seru Cakobau, Bau shahridan Vunivalu va Tui Viti, Rodavetanivalu II, Navayelening Vunivalu, uning sodiq ittifoqchisi bo'lganligi uchun Xristianlashtirish va unga "toshqinlar vatani" unvonini berish orqali tepalik qabilalarini tinchlantirish kampaniyalari yoki Taukey-ni-Uvaluvu uning oldingi unvonidan Taukei Waiburebure. Har holda sarlavha ma'nosi bir xil bo'lib qoldi. Bauan shevasida toshqin so'zi "uvaluvu", Matailobau shevasida esa "waiburebure" so'zi. 1868 yil aprelda, Ser Jon Thurston tomonidan yozilganidek, Ratu Kakobau Navatusiladagi avliyo Tomas Beyker qirg'iniga javoban, Rewa daryosi va Ra qirg'oqlari orqali Matailobau va Vaymaro-Soloira qabilalari bilan ittifoqdoshlar sifatida ikkita uzoq muddatli kampaniyani boshladi.^[11]

Muhtaram Frederik Langem v. 1890-yillar.
Leonin sochlari va soqoli bilan jismonan ta'sirchan bo'lgan Langxem o'zini fijiyaliklar chempioni deb bilgan va Angliya tomonidan qo'shib olinishini rag'batlantirgan. "Kardinal" laqabini olgan u 1861 yildan Bau orolida yashagan va u kolonistlar orasida Kakobau maslahatchisi sifatida obro'ga ega bo'lgan.

Qirol Kakobau shaxsiy kotibi Genri Milndan uning mahalliy ishlar vaziri Robert Svanstonga vazirlar mahkamasi memorandumida Kakobau kampaniya davomida Taukei ni Valuvu bilan yaqin aloqada bo'lganligining yana bir dalili mavjud. 1873 yil 19-mayda imzolangan memorandumda "Qirol endi Matailobauda va u erda yig'ilgan boshliqlar bilan birgalikda Viti Levu orqali o'tishga qaror qildi. Siz bilgan Matailobau qirolning juda qadimgi ittifoqchilari" deb e'lon qilindi.^[12] Ko'rinib turibdiki, Kakobau Taukei ni Valuvu bilan an'anaviy aloqalarini Vunivalu ajdodlari, Vaynibukadagi Nadurukoko va Ra shahridagi Devaladan topish mumkin. Milnning memorandumida Cakobau va Taukei ni Valuvu niyatlari qanday aniq aytilgan bo'lsa, "Qirolning so'nggi maktubida (1873 yil 13-mayda) Muhtaram soddalik ishlari bo'yicha vazir uning tepaliklarni bosib o'tishni maqsad qilganini ko'radi. agar kerak bo'lsa, barcha "Colo" ni umumiy hukumatga taqdim etishga majbur qiling. "^[12]

Kakobau xristianlashtirish kampaniyasi yoki Valu ni Lotu keyinchalik Robert Nikol tomonidan aytilganidek o'rnatildi, "1873 yilda yangi paydo bo'lgan Kakobau hukumati shimol va g'arbda (ayniqsa Kaliyalatini, Naloto, Magodro, Yakete, Vaturu, Sabeto va Navatusila) va markaziy va sharqiy qismlarda bo'ysundirish kampaniyasini boshladi. ichki makon (ayniqsa, Nadavarau, Muaira, Vaykalou, Soloira, Nalava va Nasau). "^[13] Nikol davom etdi: "Ushbu kampaniya davomida ko'plab Colo boshliqlarini qo'lga olish va qatl etish bilan Sharq va Shimoliy ichki tumanlar juda zaiflashdi."^[13]

Magodroning qal'asi bo'lgan Nubutautau 1873 yil 11-sentabrda Kakobau qo'shinlari qo'liga o'tganida, kampaniya samarali yakunlandi.^[14]

1998 yilda, a meke -i- wau viloyatining Magodro tumanidagi Bukuya qishlog'ining an'anaviy klub raqsi Ba Bosh vazir uchun ijro etilgan Sitiveni Rabuka, Viti Levuning g'arbiy tog'li qismidagi Taukei ni Valuvuning qabilaviy to'qnashuvlari haqida aytib berdi.

Fidiga ko'ra Ueslian cherkov hokimiyati qanchalik baland bo'lsa Taukey-ni-Valuvu unvon, endi asosan homiysi tomonidan beriladi Ueslian Nasroniylikning ichki qismidagi Viti Levu, buyuk suv toshqini oldidan Nuhning ilohiy topshirig'i to'g'risidagi Injilda bayon qilingan metafora edi.^[15]

Ehtimol, sarlavha o'zgargan Ratu Seru Cakobau Bauan urf-odatlariga mos keladigan bo'lib, u erda jangarilarga ritsarlik ishlarini ko'rsatish uchun faxriy unvonlar e'lon qilingan. The Bau shahridan Vunivalu unvonga ustunlik berishda ittifoqdoshining an'anaviy yomg'ir ustasi sifatida tanilganligini aytdi. Xristiangacha bo'lgan davrda bunday kuch Taukei Waiburebure-ga berilgan. Ushbu sirli kuch Taukei ni Valuvuda bugungi kungacha asosiy klan orqali saqlanib qoladi deb o'ylashadi bet Nabena qishlog'ining (ruhoniylari).^[16]

Commodore Goodenough, 1874 yil 21-yanvarda Vaynimala daryosidan Nairukurukuga sayohat qilish paytida, Ratu Kakobau o'g'li Rangu Langham va Ratu Timoci Tavanavanua bilan birinchi bo'lib Matailobau o'n ikki qabilasining gubernatori bo'lgan [Ratu Meli] bilan uchrashdi. ga Lotu ushbu qismlarda. "^[17] O'n ikki qabilalar Lutu, Vaima, Matalobau va Nagonenikolo kabi eski tikinalardan tashkil topgan. Bundan tashqari, sobiq butparastlarning boshlig'i " chap quloq lobining uzunligi bir yarim dyuymdan ikki dyuymgacha bo'lgan tayoqni ko'tarish uchun etarli darajada cho'zilgan".^[17] Brewsterning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu qiyofa baland tog'liklarning modasi bo'lib, u erda kichkina qimmatbaho buyumlar cho'zilgan quloq loblarida saqlangan.^[18]

Ratu Meli Rodavetanivalu II ning Ratu Drekenavere va Ratu Isikeli ismli ikki o'g'li bor edi. Ratu Drekenaverening Adi Vatsiseva ismli qizi bor edi, u birinchi navbatda Tui Namosiga, Romatanitobuaga kelin sifatida berildi, ammo keyinchalik Vunivalu Rara bilan turmush qurdi. Ularning soni, o'g'li Ratu Ilaitia Baleinaivalu, keyinchalik Buli Lomaivuna edi. Ratu Isikeli bir paytlar Ra viloyatidagi Buli Nalava edi. Uning Bau orolida yoshligida o'sgan Ratu Sailosi (1898-1932) o'g'li bor edi, u tuksiz vafot etdi. Ratu Meli shu sababli tirik qolgan erkak muammosiga ega emas edi. Afsonalarda aytilishicha, Ratu Meli ismli itning uy hayvonlari bo'lgan Tui Colo, ehtimol bu muhtaram Langemning sovg'asi edi.^[19] Qora it, ehtimol tepaliklarda qayd etilgan birinchi it, boshliq uchun maqom belgisi edi. Ratu Meli qizamiq epidemiyasi paytida vafot etdi Fidji va haqiqatan ham 1875 yil yanvaridan iyungacha tepalik qabilalari. Tui Kolo halok bo'lgan xo'jayini bilan birga Navunitavola-Navaulele dagi qabrda tiriklayin ko'milgan. Ratu Meli Davetanivalu II, uning akasi Ratu Manasa Davetanivalu va ukasi Ratu Viliame Batiratu va tog'asi Rovukagoning o'limi to'g'risida, ilgari oliy boshliqning xotinlari uni er osti dunyosiga olib borish uchun bo'g'ib o'ldirilgan bo'lar edi. asosan vorislik an'analariga ko'ra avlodlar ushbu unvonga ega bo'lishgan Taukei ni Valuvu.

Fiji 1880-yillarning yuqori boshliqlari.
Turaga Buli Taukei ni Valuvu o'g'li Ratu Meli Davetanivalu II ikkinchi qatorning birinchi chap qismida o'tirdi. Suvadagi Hukumat uyi verandasi oldida ikki qatorda o'tirgan bir guruh fijian boshliqlari aks etgan fotosurat.^[20] Fursat aniq emas. Roko Tuyning viloyat ma'murlari Gubernator tomonidan 1885 yilda Fididagi metodistlar cherkovining Oltin yubileyini yoki 1887 yil 20 iyunida Qirolicha Viktoriyaning Oltin yubileyini nishonlash uchun taklif qilinganligi sababli, bu boshliqlardir. Ularning barchasi o'zlarining yuqori boshliqlari edi. .
1-6 chapdan o'ngga, oldingi qator: 1. Ratu Lyuk Tabualovoni, Buli Vaynunu, Bua; 2. Ratu Kinijoji Katonivere, Rokotui Makuata; 3. Ratu Tevita Suraki, Rokotui Ra; 4. Ratu Epeli Naylatikau, Rokotui Tailevu; 5. Ratu Marika Toroka, Rokotui Lomayviti; 6. Ratu Nemani Driu, Rokotui Ba kei Yasawa.
7-13 chapdan o'ngga, orqa qator: 7. Colo East Ratu Isikeli Davetanivalu'dan Buli; 8. Ratu Peni Tanoa, Rokotui Naitasiri; 9. Colo West shahridan Buli, Tui Noikoro Ratu Katonisau; 10. Ratu Lyuk Nakulanikoro, Rokotui Nadroga; 11. Ratu Sairusi Dula Rokotui Kadavu; 12. Ratu Timoci Tavanavanua, Rokotui Rewa; 13. Ro Matanitobua, Rokotui Namosi.
Rokotui Cakaudrove viloyati, Ratu Josefa Lalabalavu va Rokotui Lau viloyati, Roko Eroni Loganimoce yo'qolgan. Dastlab Tailevu va Naitasiri Ratu Epeli Naylatikau bilan bitta viloyatni Roko Tui deb hisoblashgan. 1882 yilda viloyat Ratu Peni Tanoa bilan Rokotui Naitasiri sifatida ikkiga bo'lindi. 1877 yilda Serua viloyati "Buli-Roko" Ratu Kinijoji Gagabokola ostida Reva viloyatidan o'yilgan.

Ser Artur Gordon Fijining 1875 yildan 1878 yilgacha mustamlakachilik hukmronligini o'rnatishda birinchi muhim gubernatori dastlab Roko Tuy boshchiligidagi 12 viloyatni va Viti Levu-Kolo Sharqiy va Kolo-G'arbdagi ikkita tepalik viloyatlarini tegishli gubernator komissarlari boshchiligida tashkil etgan.^[21] 1893 yilda yana ikkita Komissarlik, Shimoliy Colo bu ikkita Colo provinsiyasidan va Ra, Ba va Yasawa guruhlari hududlaridan tashkil topgan.

Tarix va etnologiya

Adolf Brewsterning so'zlariga ko'ra, (qarang Joskening bosh barmog'i ), Komissar Kolo Sharq 1884–90 yillarda va Artur Kapell tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, tepalik qabilalarining nasabnomalari uning tadqiqotlari vaqtidan boshlab o'n bir yoki o'n ikki avlodga qaytishga moyil. Bazil Tomson va Brewster o'ttiz yil davomida bir avlodga qadar ishlagan. Demak, buni berib, asoschi har bir holatda taxminan milodiy 1600 yilda yashaganga o'xshaydi.^[22][23]

Taukei ni Valuvu klani o'zlarining nasablarini Rokovayga bog'lashgan, ular milodning 1600 yillari atrofida Nakamarusida tokatoka Natabutale nasabiga asos solishgan.^[24] Rokovayning otasi, Navunidakuaning oliy boshlig'i orqali kelib chiqishi Robonovay, sirli kuchlarga ega bo'lgan o'g'li. Ranadi ni Namasiya Tui Nalavaning qizi Ra. Klan folklorida aytilishicha, asosan uydagilarning beozor va jasur kenja o'g'li bo'lgan Rokovay, Nayacakuru boshchiligidagi birodarlari unga zarar etkazish uchun fitna uyushtirganligi sababli, qishloqni tark etishga majbur bo'lgan. Yosh boshliq klan a'zolari bilan qochib ketdi bati, sauturaga, matanivanua va bet unga sodiq bo'lganlar. Ularning avlodlari hanuzgacha Nairukuruku shahridagi Taukei ni Valuvu va uning eski qardoshi Taulevu qishlog'ida yashaydilar, Taukei ni Valuvu Yavusa Sikoning rahbari sifatida matakalilarni o'z ichiga oladi: Siko Natabutale (Nairukuruku), Siko Navunisalusalu, Taulevu qishlog'idan (Matailobau tumani), Siko. Naqara qishlog'i (Vaima tumani) va Nakorovatu qishlog'ining Siko Koroqele (Vaima tumani).

Meke Wesi- Nayza raqsi, Nakorovatu, Matailobau 1881 yil.
An'anaviy kiyingan Matailobau jangchilarining bir guruhi uch qatorga yuzlarini qoraytirib, nayzalarini ushlab, jangovar klublariga suyanib turdilar. Ko'pchilik bosh kiyimiga o'xshash salla kiygan. Ularning orqasida zich peshtoqli qishloq binolari va 1881 yildagi Matailobau, Nakorovatu uzoqdan qarab o'tirgan ikki guruh odamlar bor.

Rokovayning katta akalari Nayacakuru, Rozauturaga va Rovakakodrovay edi.^[24] Rokovayning rafiqasi Kororava Vaydracia qishlog'ining Vunimoli klanidan edi. Rokovayning beshta o'g'li bor edi: Rokotokalau, Rorairuku, Rotabuvayvay, Rokaginidaveta (nashr qilinmaydi) va Eronaqarikau. Klan afsonasi, shuningdek, Rokovayning mannasi yong'in faqat uning buyuk kishining qichishini yoqib yuborganida paydo bo'lganligini aytadi. bure uning yog'och ramkali tuzilishini buzmasdan. Ajdodlarni asos solgan klanlar Yau shu tariqa ushbu nom berilgan Nakamarusi yoki "kuygan qichima". Taniqli ayol muallif Konstans Gordon-Kamming Nakamarusining 1875 yil 27-dekabrda qishloq qal'asiga qilgan tashrifi haqida shunday tasvirlaydi: "Nakamerousi qishlog'i mening alohida hayratimni jalb qildi. U tik qirg'oqda joylashgan va daryoning keng qismida chiroyli tog'ga qaragan. oralig'i. "^[25]

Klanning harakatlari Navunidakuadan (Vaima tumani) Nakamarusigacha, keyin tepalik xususiyatlariga qarab: Taulevu, Ulira va Navaulele va nihoyat Nairukuruku taqdim etiladi.^[24] Rokovayning to'ng'ich o'g'li Eronaqarikau, uchta o'g'il ko'rgan: Eronabobo I, Naytege va Tabuadunaki. Eronaqarikauning rafiqasi Nasautokadan Ro Ligatabua edi. Eronabobo mening to'rt o'g'lim bor edi: Rorayova, Rovukago Naytege va Rokorainima. Eronabobodan keyin uning ukasi Davetanivalu Tovlevudan klanni boshqargan. Davetanivalu moxov bilan aloqada bo'lganida Eronaboboning o'g'lining to'ng'ich jiyaniga Rorayova 1859 yil boshida klan boshlig'i sifatida vakolat topshirdi. Raiova vafotidan keyin u Valu ni lulu uning to'rtinchi o'g'li Ratu Meli Davetanivalu amakisi (tamana lada) Rovukago va uning akalari Ratu Manasa, Radibi va Robalening 1862 yilda vafot etganligi haqidagi unvonga qo'shildi.

Navaulele va Ulira hozirgi Nairukurukudan Waynimala daryosi bo'ylab g'arbga bir kilometr narida joylashgan Taukei ni Valuvuning tepaliklar va xristiangacha bo'lgan qishloqlari edi. Ushbu ikki strategik joydan klanning ta'siri va qudrati sharqning Vaymaro va Navitilevu qabila markazlariga prognoz qilingan. Viti Levu. Ikkala koro ni valu (urush qishloqlari) ham mustahkamlanib, boshqa qaroqchi va urushayotgan tepalik qabilalaridan himoya qilish uchun halqali quruq xandaklar bilan o'ralgan. Boshqa Siko klanining Taulevu shahridagi Nairukuruku yaqinidagi mustahkam qishloq Yau (bure poydevori) ning Natabutale qurilgan, sharqqa Vaynibuka va Verata yuragiga qaraydi.

1862 yil 14 sentyabrda Navaulele shahridagi bosh Ratu Meli Davetanivalu boshlig'i Reverend Frederik Langham tomonidan nasroniylikni qabul qilganidan so'ng, asosan klan o'z tog'idan mustahkamlanib, Nairukuruku daryosi tekisligiga ko'chib o'tgan edi. Reverend Dean, Nalavaning ikki boshlig'i, Sogonaivi va Naqari Ruhoniy Langham hamrohlik qilgan Ratu Meli, Taukei ni Valuvuning nasroniylikni qabul qilishida ishtirok etdi. Navaulele shahridan hozirgi ajoyib Nairukuruku daryosi vodiysiga ko'chish faqat nasroniylik davrida xristianlik va mustamlakachilik tajovuzidan qochgan atrofdagi urishqoq qabilalardan keyin mumkin edi. konvertatsiya qilingan.

Eronabobo I o'g'li Taukei ni Valuvu, Roraiova, "Valu ni Lulu" nomi bilan tanilgan qabilaviy urushlarida, butun shimoliy Sharqda, shimoliy qirg'oqdagi Vatusekiyasawa qishlog'iga qadar klanning kuchi va ta'sirini yoyganligi uchun xizmat qiladi. Viti Levu Tui bilan ittifoqni o'z ichiga oladi Bua kuni Vanua Levu.^[26][27] Tui Bua bilan ushbu an'anaviy ittifoqning kelib chiqishini Tui Uluibua va mifologik ertakda ko'rish mumkin. Ro Namasiya na marama Tabusiga Ra shahridagi Tui Nalavaning qizi. U aftidan palapartishlikdan sirli suvlarni ichganidan so'ng Taukey Ni Valuvuning buyuk ajdodi Robonovayni dunyoga keltirdi. Roraiovaning o'g'li Roradibi, qabilalararo to'qnashuvlarda an'anaviy qo'l qurollariga nisbatan ustunlik bo'lgan mushketka qurolidan foydalanishga mohir edi.

Qabilaviy migratsiya harakatlari va oilaviy aloqalar bo'yicha Yavusa kabi taniqli qadimgi tepalik qabilalari: Nasautoka, Navitilevu, Burenitu, Noemalu, Navatusila, Taladrau, Vaymaro, Nabubuko, Nabukebuke, Nakobitsibici, Dreketi, Rara, Viriya va Vuna bilan qadimiy aloqalar mavjud. Taukei ni Valuvuning Yavusa Siko. Shunday qilib taniqli Vunivalularning nasroniygacha bo'lgan nomlari, masalan, Noemalu qabilasining Rovukago, Nabukebuke qabilasining Robatiratu va Soloira qabilasining Roragoka singari ismlari Taukei ni Waluvu boshliqlarining avlodlariga nasib etgan. vaka toka yaca. Xristiangacha bo'lgan davrda boshliq nomi muqaddas bo'lgan va keyingi avlodlarda uning ismi faqat yaqin qarindoshiga berilgan.

Nairukuruku - totemizm, nasroniylik va siyosiy yuksalish

Nairukuruku qishlog'ida, 1875 yil Rojdestvo kuni. Rassom: Konstans Gordon-Kamming (1837-1924). Taulevu tizmasidan janubi-g'arbiy tomonga Vaynimala daryosi o'ngdan chapga oqib o'tadi. Eng yuqori xususiyati - chap narida joylashgan Nariko cho'qqisi. Ko'rsatilgan boshqa xususiyatlar - o'ng o'rtada Nacau va Ulira cho'qqilari. Bir necha yil oldin Navaulele shahridan joy topgandan so'ng tashkil etilgan qishloq quruq xandaq bilan o'ralgan. Katta bure qishloq ichida cherkov mavjud. G'arbiy tomonda joylashgan qishloq tashqarisidagi ikkita uy - mahalliy vazir va Ratu Viliame Batiratuning qarorgohi. yavu- ni-turaga levu.Bugungi kunda 300 kishi istiqomat qiladigan beshta mataqaliy yoki urug 'Nayrukuruku qishlog'ida istiqomat qiladi. Ular: Siko Natabutale (asosan klan), Navayta (jangchilar), Nabubuko (boshliqning oqsoqollari), Nakorovaka (jarchilar) va Navitilevu (jangchilar).

Matayilobau tumanidagi Taukei ni Valuvu uyi bo'lgan Nairukuruku qishlog'ida 1872 yil atrofida istiqomat qilingan. O'sha yili dinni qabul qilgan Matailobau qabilalari bilan urishishlar boshlangan. tevoro Nomaulele shahridan bu joyni qayta tiklashga sabab bo'lgan Lomai Colo qabilalari.

"Nairukuruku" - tarjimada "kirish" degan ma'noni anglatadi, ehtimol bu daryo va quruqlik orqali baland tog'larga strategik joylashuvi bilan bog'liq. Bundan tashqari, ushbu qishloqdan Viti Levu sharqiy tog'li qismiga nasroniylikning kirib kelishi va tarqalishi yaxshi hujjatlashtirilgan. 1854 yil aprel oyida Kakobau nasroniylikni qabul qilgandan so'ng, o'sha yili Eronabobo shahridagi Taukey Vaiburebure shahriga Cakobau nomidan Tui Nalava bilan an'anaviy aloqalar orqali Colo boshlig'i nasroniylikni qabul qilishi kerak edi. Ushbu yondashuv yoki karasala Matailobau tarixida qayd etilgan.^[28] Ikkinchi yondashuv Lotu 1859 yil dekabrda Rev Langham tomonidan Taukei Waiburebure-ning Viriya bilan an'anaviy aloqalari orqali, Lomayvuna bilan Eronaboboning o'g'li Rorayova bilan qilingan. 1860 yil 14-sentabrda Roraiova o'zining "Valu ni Lulu" yoki nasroniylarni konvertatsiya qilish kampaniyasini boshlagan va bu erda Noemalu, Soloira, Nadrau va Nagonenicolo tumanlariga elchilar yuborilgan. Roraiova va uning uch o'g'li, (Ratu Manasa Davetanivalu - uning to'ng'ich o'g'li Ratu Vaisea Radibi va Ratu Alipate Baledrokadroka) 1860–1862 yillarda bo'lib o'tgan xristianlarning to'qnashuvlarida o'z hayotlarini yo'qotdilar. Keyin Roraiovaning ukasi Rovukago uni Siko klanining boshlig'i sifatida almashtirdi, ammo 1862 yil boshida nasroniylarning to'qnashuvlarida ham o'ldirildi. Rovukagoning o'rnini Roraovaning to'rtinchi o'g'li Ratu Meli Davetanivalu egalladi, u 1862 yil 14-sentabrda Rev Langhamning uchinchi yondashuvida lotusga mato qabul qildi. Siko Natabutale qabilasiga.

"Rukuruku" so'zining talqini avvalgi marosimlar bilan mahalliy mahalliy Naga diniy kultidan olingan.^[29] Diniga sig'inish Visina bilan mos keladi Baal va Rukuruku bilan Ashtoret, tabiatning ijodiy va ishlab chiqarish kuchlarini anglatuvchi qadimiy xudolar - masalan. ruku (ayol) va sina (mahalliy nayza o'tlari) erkaklar belgisi.^[29] Shunday qilib ism Nairukuruku klanlar uchun ayollarning unumdorligiga qarab yaratuvchi totemik belgilar bilan aloqasi va ahamiyati bor.

Asosiy urug 'totemik o'simlik va hayvonlar, Viko - mahalliy nayza o'tlari va Vo loa - qora balchiq baliqlari qabilalarning erkalik va jangchi sinfiga xos tirik butparastlik belgilaridir. An'anaga ko'ra Yavusa Siko bati va sharqiy tog'larning Vaymaro klani kabi unumdorlikni ifodalovchi ayol totemik qabilalarning himoyachilari. Siko Natabutale klanining qadrli ayollari Radiniwaimaro Taulevu qishlog'idagi haykalchalar buni tasdiqlaydi.^[30][31][32]

Sessiya komissari Commodore G. J. Goodenoughning ishi^[33] va avliyo Frederik Langem 1874 yil 21-22 yanvar kunlari Nairukurukuga tashrif buyurishdi, u o'sha paytda Kolo Sharqning yuqori Waynimala daryosidagi nasroniylashgan qishloq edi. Nairukuruku Goodenough-da oq ko'chmanchilarga mahalliy fijiyaliklardan, ayniqsa urush olib boruvchi "Kai Kolos" dan plantatsiyalarda qul mehnati sifatida foydalanishni taqiqlovchi e'lon qilingan. Siko Natabutale klanlari tarixiga ko'ra Ratu Viliame Batiratu o'zining akasi Taukey ni Valuvuni ifodalaydi, zaif Ratu Meli Davetanivalu esa uning tarkibiga kirgan Bau shahridan Vunivalu, 1874 yil 10 oktyabrda Ratu Seru Kakobau Levuka Ovalauga tinimsiz munosabatda bo'lganlar. Xristianlikning yangi diniga va keyinchalik markaziy hukumatga sodiq qishloq sifatida Nairukuruku xristian bo'lmagan qo'shnilar tomonidan ularning ishlariga aralashishiga qarshilik ko'rsatadigan potentsial nishon bo'lgan.^[34] Nairukuruku nomi bilan tanilgan na Bau ni Colo yoki "the Bau (orol) tog'li tog'lar "siyosiy hokimiyatning mavqei sifatida ko'tarilganligi sababli. Sharqiy tog'li hududlarga kiruvchi barcha mustamlakachilar uchun qo'ng'iroq markaziga aylandi. Viti Levu.

Konstans Frederika Gordon-Kamming (1837-1924).

Nairukuruku va haqiqatan ham tog'li hududlarga tashrif buyurgan birinchi evropalik ayol yozuvchi edi Konstans Gordon-Kamming va 1875 yilda Rojdestvo bayramini o'tkazgan xristian anklavi qishlog'iga vazir bilan birga kelgan muborak Fredrik Langemning rafiqasi Ann Yelizaveta.^[35] Gordon-Kamming xonim: "Haqiqatan ham biz ular ko'rgan poyga birinchi namunalarimiz!"^[36] Nairukuruku-da uch kunlik Rojdestvo paytida u o'zining tarixnomalarida, xristianlarning ommaviy nikoh marosimida, ommaviy maktab imtihonida va umuman g'arbiy tsivilizatsiya bilan aloqada bo'lgan mahalliy hayotda qatnashadi. Uning 1875 yilgi Rojdestvo kuni Nairukuruku qishlog'i va uning ajoyib atrofi rang-barang rasmlari Viti Levuning sharqiy tog'li landshaftining noyob tasviridir.^[37]

Urf-odatlar va urf-odatlar

Taukei ni Valuvu va unga bo'ysunuvchi tepalik qabilalari qadimgi qabilaviy davlatning eng jangchisi (bati balavu). Verata va shuningdek, mustamlakachilikgacha bo'lgan Вайmaroning shtatlariga, Namosi va Bau. Bau shahridagi Tui Kaba klani bilan bir qatorda, Nabenaning vanuasi "Veitabani" yoki qarindosh qarindoshlar qarindoshlari bilan bir xil ajdodlar bilan bo'lishadi. Ushbu mustamlakachilikgacha bo'lgan davlatlar bilan Taukei ni Valuvu ham an'anaviyga ega veibatiki bugungi kunda ham mavjud bo'lgan munosabatlar. Klan nomi Beyl drokadroka qabilaning jangchi maqomini aks ettiradi.Beyl drokadroka Fijian tilida so'zma-so'z "hali yam-yashil bo'lib tushish" degan ma'noni anglatadi. Bu, shuningdek, "yosh o'lish" degan ma'noni anglatuvchi metafora iboradir.^[38] Ism aslida jangda yiqilgan yosh jangchini qadrlaydi; shuning uchun bu jangchi klanlarga tegishli bo'lgan ism. Yiqilgan jangchi boshqa ism bilan tanilgan bo'lishi mumkin, ammo u bu so'z iborasi yoshligida o'lgani uchun balya drokadroka o'zining eng buyuk jangchisini - qabilasi uchun kurashda halok bo'lishini maqtaydi.

Yozilganidek, Roraiova klan kuchini uning kuchi orqali tarqatgan valu ni lulu boshqa tepalik qabilalariga qarshi to'qnashuvlar. U yosh vafot etgan va Taukei ni Valuvu tarixida maqtalgan jangchi boshlig'i edi. Keyinchalik klani boshqarishni o'z zimmasiga olgan Taulevudagi o'g'li Rorayovani qadrlash va sharaflash uchun unga bu ism berilgan Baledrokadroka halok bo'lgan otasi xotirasiga.^[39]

Artur Maurice Hocart 1909 yildan 1914 yilgacha taniqli antropolog Kolo Sharq va Kolo G'arbiy tog'li hududlarda qarindoshlik aloqalarini tadqiq qilgan. U Nairukuruku boshlig'i va Taukei ni Valuvu, Ratu Alipate Baledrokadroka va unga qo'shni Nakorosul boshlig'i Tui Vaymaroning oilaviy munosabatlarini o'rganib chiqdi va bugungi kunda "Alternativ avlodlar printsipi" deb nomlanadigan narsalarni nashr etdi. Tako-Lavo Viti Levu tepalik qabilalarining munosabatlari.^[40]

JCU doktori Shon Sloan - Nairukuruku qishlog'idagi amaliy tadqiqotlar chog'ida his qilinadigan erlarning etishmasligi, tenglik uchun jamoat kuchlari va Fijian qishlog'idagi mulk o'zgarishi o'rtasidagi munosabatlarni o'rgangan eng so'nggi olimlar. Doktor Sloanning amaliy tadkikoti ko'plab qishloqlarni muqarrar ravishda shahar hayotini izlashga majbur qiladigan neo-an'anaviy kommunal er masalalari bo'yicha zamonaviy hayotiy tadqiqotdir.^[41]

1979 yil noyabr oyida antropolog doktor Jeyms V. Tyorner 17 oy davomida dala tadqiqotlarini o'tkazdi Fijian Nairukuruku qishlog'ida urf-odatlar va an'analar. U o'zining kuzatuvlarini akademik jurnallarda nashr etdi: "Haqiqiy oziq-ovqat va birinchi mevalar: Fidjida o'sish marosimlari", 1984, "Yo'l egalari: Fatiji, Matailobau shahridagi kognatik qarindoshlik toifalari", 1986, "Ota gunohlari: daraja. va Fijiylar hukmronligida vorislik ", 1986," Hayot suvi: kava marosimi va qurbonlik mantig'i ", 1986," Berish va qabul qilish muborak: Fidjidagi tantanali almashinuv ", 1987," Joy hissi: Lokus va Matailobau shahridagi shaxsiyat, Fidji ", 1988 yil va" Fidjidagi marosimlar, odatlar va ierarxiya ", 1992 y.

Terner "Fididagi marosimlar, odat va ierarxiya" da Nayrukurukudagi fijiylar ierarxik tizimini o'rgangan. Yaqona marosim klanlar holatini mustahkamlovchi iyerarxiyani ko'paytirishda aniq ishtirok etadi.^[42]

Taukei ni Valuvu zamonaviy yakona marosimini o'tkazadi yoki meke ni yaqona vaka turaga faqat vaqti-vaqti bilan VIP uchun ijro etilgan. Marosim marosimi o'tkazilayotgan kishiga mos keladigan tarzda oyatlar o'zgaruvchan. Shunaqangi meke ni yaqona vaka turaga 2002 yil 19 iyunda yangi Vunidawa kasalxonasini ochgan muhtaram Laizeniya Qarase uchun Bosh vazir uchun ijro etildi. meke ni yaqona vakaturaga Taulevu qishlog'i Matailobau Daunivucu Rokosuka tomonidan bastalangan va xoreograf.^[43]

Kakobau nasroniylik urushlari

Kakobau nasroniylarni konversiya qilish uchun qamal qilgani haqida aniqroq yozilganlardan biri Nasorovakavaluda edi.^[44] Ratu Kakobau va Ratu Meli Nakorovatuda Vaynimala daryosi bo'ylab g'ayritabiiy qal'aga so'nggi hujum uchun hozir bo'lishdi. Kakobau o'z hukumatining nasroniylashtirish kun tartibiga singib ketgan, Matailobau, Naloto, Lomayviti, Suva, Sabetoning 1500 jangchisini boshqargan. Nadi va hatto talabalari Metodist Navuloa Bau o'quv maktabi, tog'li hududdagi so'nggi g'alati tepalikni qamal qilish. 1873 yil may oyida bir necha oy davom etgan qamal urushidan so'ng, qal'adan voz kechildi. Brewster shunday deya hikoya qiladi: "Heraldlarni Uolning tishlarini tishlari bilan yuborishdi soro Yoki ulug'vorligidan kechirim so'rab, tinchlik uchun kamtarlik bilan da'vo qil. "Kakobau o'zining qo'shini shon-sharaf va shon-sharaf uchun etarlicha ish qildi deb o'ylar ekan, uverturalarni qabul qildi.^[45] Matailobau mahalliy hisobotida aytilishicha, Ratu Kakobau o'zining mushketmenlariga so'nggi sakkizinchi hujumni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun bir vaqtning o'zida voleytlarni o'qqa tutish uchun Snider miltiqlari bilan daraxtlarga o'tirishni buyurgan. Ushbu g'alabani nishonlashda Nakorovatuda Ratu Kakobau uchun qurilgan burega yavu nomi berildi Na- ka- u- kaya (buyurganimdek).

Ushbu muvaffaqiyatli qamaldan so'ng, 1873 yil may oyida xristianlashtirish kampaniyasi yoki Valu ni Lotu Nakorovatu Matailobau shahridan Kakobau nasroniy kuchlari tomonidan Viti Levu tog'lari bo'ylab boshlangan, unga Taukei ni Valuvu qo'shinlari kirgan.

Ratu Viliame Batiratu, Kakobau hukumatidagi yakka leytenant gubernatori va keyinchalik Buli Matailobau o'z qabilaviy qo'shinlari bilan 1874 yilda mayor Jeyms Xardingning Muayira, Noymalu va Nagonenikoloni tinchlantirish kampaniyasida yordamchi rol o'ynagan. Lomay Koloning jangovar qabilalari. Rovukagodagi Noemalu shahridagi Vunivalu juda yaxshi qarshilik ko'rsatdi, ammo oxir-oqibat yaxshi burg'ulangan askarlar ularni engib chiqdilar. Keyinchalik Lomai Colo qabilalari tinchlik uchun sudga murojaat qilishdi. Ratu Viliame Kolo-Sharqiy viloyatni boshqarishda 1874 yildan boshlab etakchi Buli yoki "Turaga Levu" (Buyuk boshliq) sifatida taniqli rol o'ynashi va 1896 yilda maosh olishda qolganiga qaramay 1908 yilda davlat xizmatlaridan voz kechishi kerak edi.^[46]

1875 yildagi qizamiq epidemiyasi, hanuzgacha qadimgi mahalliy e'tiqod va usullarni amalda tutib kelayotganliklarini hisobga olib, tepalik qabilalarida chet el fitnasi haqida shubha uyg'otdi. Ushbu voqea Fijian an'anaviy e'tiqodi va g'arbiy aloqalar o'rtasidagi madaniyatlar to'qnashuvining ikkinchi bobi deb aytish mumkin edi. Tinchlik 1876 yil 28 oktyabrda gubernator Sir Artur Xemilton-Gordon, 1-baron Stanmore urushayotgan barcha tog'li qabilalarni afv etish to'g'risida e'lon qildi va madaniyatlar to'qnashuvining uchinchi bobini yakunladi - bu tog'li tog'larda qabilalar va mustamlakachilik hukmronligi. Viti Levu.

As a symbolic token of Batiratu's suzerainty, baskets of earth from the districts under his rule as Colo Governor prior to Cession from as far as Nailega on the Wainibuka river to Nagone-ni-colo on the Wainimala river, were brought to form the foundation of his great bure Vuravura at Nakorovatu.

Colo East merges with Naitasiri

When the Wainimala campaign of 1874 and the "little war" of 1876 in central Viti Levu were finished, Sir Arthur Gordon thought that the lately subjugated hill tribes, were scarcely fitted then for the rigidity of British Law.He therefore caused an Ordinance to be passed in the Legislative Council of the colony to provide for the jurisdiction of the "lately disturbed districts of Viti Levu ", as the preamble put it.

For administrative purposes the lately disturbed districts were divided into two provinces- Colo West and Colo East.^[47] Colo North was later carved out of these two hill provinces and Ra, Ba and Yasawa provinces in 1893. Colo East was made up of the districts of Nailega, Nasautoka, Lutu, Waima, Matailobau, Soloira, Nadaravakawalu, Muaira, Nagonenicolo, Noemalu and later Nabubuco.Nairukuruku is the leading village in Matailobau District. Ratu Viliame Batiratu-the first Buli Matailobau chose to name his district, Matailobau in recognition of the clan who gave shelter to Rokowai – the Siko Natabutale clans founding ancestor who fled the ancestral village of Navunidakua.

Map of Colo Provinces, Viti Levu, Fiji. Scale: 1:517625

In 1945, due to colonial native administrative restructure initiated by Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna, Colo East province with nine tikinas including Matailobau and Vunidawa government station as its centre was merged into Naitasiri viloyat. The two Wainibuka tikinas of Colo East-Nailega and Nasautoka were separately joined to Tailevu viloyat. After the provincial merger five districts or tikinas of: Naitasiri, Matailobau, Waimaro Wainimala and Lomaivuna were created. Ratu Isikeli Roraqoca the eldest grand son of Ratu Viliame Robatiratu became the Turaga Buli Matailobau from 1945 to 1962 stationed at Nakorovatu village, Vunidawa. The only reminder of the Colo East hill province at Vunidawa today is the prominent stone memorial to its illustrious son and Taukei ni Waluvu Doctor Ratu Temesia Robonowai(1866–1937) atop the government station hill.

The 1881 Gerrard Ansdell expedition of Colo East via the Wainimala and Wainibuka rivers is most revealing of all aspects of life in the hill province as many photographs were taken that is preserved in the Alexander Turnbull Library New Zealand today.^[48]

Methodist Church – Matailobau/Wainimala Division

The conversion to Christianity and allegiance to Bauan hegemony came at a price for Ratu Meli Davetanivalu II and his clan.Reverend Wallace Deane in The strange adventures of a whales tooth, gives a detailed account of the tribal skirmishes of the Taukei ni Waluvu from 1862 to 1874. For amongst belligerent heathen hill tribes, the Taukei ni Waluvu and his warrior people were a major influence in the spread of Christianity and British colonialism in the hills of the main island of Viti Levu.

According to Methodist history, Reverend Tomas Beyker, on his fateful journey spreading the gospel through the hills of Navosa in July 1867, passed through the Taukei ni Waluvu's Christian enclave on the east bank of the Wainimala river. In Methodist folklore, the tabua (whales tooth) sealing the plot to ambush Reverend Baker, had preceded him along the non- Christian west bank of the Wainimala river.^[49]

The alliance that Ratu Meli made with Ratu Seru Cakobau, sat oddly with his 'bati' role to Verata and blood links to other hill tribes. However this propelled him and his clan as the leading Colo East entity for Bauan, Christian and colonial domination. Davetanivalu's stronghold village Navaulele then Nairukuruku thus became the seat of the Methodist church divisional superintendent for Matailobau/Wainimala division with a lay persons training centre. Previously the Matailobau division came under the Bau division.

According to Rev. Deane, some of the Christian teachers from coastal villages who laboured spreading the gospel amongst the heathen tribes and paid the ultimate sacrifice for their faith at Navaulele were: Taitusi, from Nairai; Pita from Rewa, Rupeni from Dravo, Nafitalai from Namuka, Solomoni from Nakoroivau, Nemani, from Waikete, and Nasoni, from Buretu. Reverend Setareki Nasilivata of the warrior clan- Nawaita was Nairukuruku's first Methodist minister from 1914 to 1945.

As a glowing credit to Wesleyan mission life and village advancement at Nairukuruku in 1884, Brewester observed

About four miles further up the Wainimala from Vunidawa was Nairukuruku, the seat of Ratu Jona the native minister in charge of my province. He had a small preparatory school where aspirants for the ministry received their preliminary training. Order and discipline were combined with good native customs and the students whilst being educated, were self-supporting, maintained their own food supply and kept their houses neat and tidy. When I got hipped and bored by the life on the station, I would frequently go over to Nairukuruku and spend the day. Sometimes when Naval Officers and others visited me I took them over there to hear the students choir sing Moody and Sankey's hymns. We use to ride over and return by water for the sake of the fun of canoe travelling, shooting the rapids and getting a pot at the ducks. Ratu Jona's wife was an excellent cook, and generally regalled her guests with savory dishes of chicken stewed with yams and shallots.^[50]

Rev Ratu Jona Uluinaceva of Kadavu was native pastor of Matailobau circuit from 1881 to 1893. He was preceded by Rev Taito Rauluni (1876–1881) and Rev Rusiate Vunivalu (?-1875). Rev Jona Uluinaceva was succeeded by Reverends: Nasoni Tuisinu (1894–1903), Rev Pita Tuidela (1903–06) and Rev Filimone Waqaniveitaqavi (1906–?) respectively. Distinguished graduates of Nairukuruku preparatory school were Taukei ni Waluvu Doctor Ratu Temesia Robonowai (1866–1937) who was one of the first Fijian native medical practitioners in 1888, Doctor Ratu Jone Roraiova (1904–34) and Doctor Ratu Waisea Radibi (1901–32).

In 1885, the fiftieth anniversary of Metodizm in Fiji, a prominent contingent of Australian Methodists visited Nairukuruku to witness first hand the spread of Christianity in the highlands of Fiji. In addition to church festivities, they were treated to a spectacle of native dances and an insight into tepalik odamlar tribal culture by the Taukei ni Waluvu and Buli Matailobau Ratu Viliame Batiratu.

Cultivation and Viti Kabani

In the 1900s, the surrounding Nairukuruku river plains were cultivated with bananas as the major cash crop. The village banana farmers became exponents of the Viti Kabani movement and the quest by its enigmatic founder Apolosi Ranawai for native indigenous commercial enterprise against the wishes of colonial administrators.^[51] Ranawai had founded his Company at Nakorovatu, Matailobau where in 1912, as a carpenter he was building a church.^[52] Ratu Esira Rovucago V (1870–1934) of Nairukuruku was the secretary for the Viti Kabani in Colo East at the height of its popularity from 1913 to 1917. With the demise of the banana industry many villagers left to seek employment in the gold mines of Vatukoula and the tourism industry of western Viti Levu. Today subsistence market farming is the major village income earner with many families having left for urban living.

Mythological ancestry

Dr Paul Geraghty of the University of the South Pacific in his field research compiled and translated into English, mythological ancestry stories of certain tribes from parts of Fiji.^[53] Amongst his works, Dr Geraghty in tracing Fijian tribal origins meticulously recorded and translated the story of the 'Great Drought in the West of Viti Levu'. The story captured the birth of the great ancestor of the Taukei ni Waluvu – Robonowai. U o'g'li edi Ranadi ni Namasia the daughter of Tui Nalawa.

Title holder

As chief of Matailobau district, the Taukei ni Waluvu, Ratu Meli Koroitamana who replaced his cousin Ratu Alipate Baledrokadroka (1933–2005) was traditionally installed on 22 March 2008. He is a retired airport ground staff and sat on Fiji's Buyuk sardorlar kengashi when it was in operation. He is a former Fiji rugby representative of the 1964 tour of UK and France. Ratu Alipate was a pioneering Fijian scholar of the newly established Marist Brothers o'rta maktabi, Suva in 1949. He was one of the first Fijian students to matriculate in the Senior Cambridge exams in 1952 following his father Dr Ratu Jone Raiova (1904–33) footsteps, who matriculated from Marist St John's college, Cawaci on Ovalau Island in 1922, to the Central Medical School, Suva. Ratu Meli died on 7 October 2009 after a short illness. He has been succeeded by his brother Ratu Jese Romokidawa who presently holds leadership of the clan.

Ratu Alipate MBHS Student 1949.
Taukei ni Waluvu, (1997–2005) as Form III student Marist Brothers High School, Suva, 1949.

Ratu Alipate at Naitasiri Provincial Council Meeting, Navuso, 2000 where the Naitasiri SDL political party was first formed. He was also a founder of the St John Cawaci Rugby Club in 1964 and later St John Marist Rugby Club Suva in 1969^[54][55]

The chiefly households of: Nakamarusi, Vuravura, Dakui, Navaulele, Nadawadamana, Nasirivatu, Navakabatiyavu, Nakacadakui, Navunisalusalu and Nacagabuli decides on the title holder who usually is the oldest male in the Siko Natabutale clan of Nairukuruku village. The choice of leadership through this exclusive traditional system is under pressure due to the changes in village life and culture brought about by modernity. Today's communal quest for development and good governance demands leaders have better education and high integrity.

Past title holders

(in order of succession)^[56]

Vunivalu Taukei Waiburebure

• Robonowai I (Nalawa)
• Rokowai I (Navunidakua and c.1600 A.D. Nakamarusi)
• Nayacakuru (Navunidakua)
• Rokotokalau
• Iranaqarikau
• Iranabobo I(Ulira)
• Rodavetanivalu (Taulevu)
• Roraiova I,(Valu ni Lulu- Navaulele)
• Rovucago ( Navaulele)
• Ratu Manasa Davetanivalu (Ulira)
• Radibi (Navaulele)
• Robaledrokadroka I, (Taulevu)

Vunivalu Vuniduba

• Ratu Wesele Rokorainima
• Ratu Asaeli Tabuavula

Vunivalu Taukei ni Waluvu

• Ratu Meli Davetanivalu II, Navaulele (?-1875).
• Ratu Alipate Baledrokadroka II,^[40] (Taukei Navaulele)
• Ratu Viliame Robatiratu I(?-1908) (Taukei Vuravura, Buli Colo East, GCC Member)
• Ratu Samu Ranarogo (1855–1931).
• Dr. Ratu Temesia Robonowai II, NMP, (Taukei Nakamarusi, 1866–1937, GCC Member)
• Ratu Taito Rauluni (1880–1948).
• Ratu Manasa Davetanivalu II,(1893–1944, GCC Member)
• Ratu Isikeli Roraqoca (Buli Matailobau) (1906–62, GCC Member)
• Ratu Anare Roraqoca (1903–74, GCC Member)
• Ratu Joseva Koroitamana (1909–87).
• Ratu Esira Rovucago VI(1911–77).
• Ratu Emosi Vakatawabai (1915–79, GCC Member)
• Ratu Jope Rokowai (1923–97, GCC Member)
• Ratu Alipate Raiova Baledrokadroka IV, (1933–2005, Taukei Nacagabuli, Senator, GCC Member)
• Ratu Meli Ronaiteqe Koroitamana (1935–2009, GCC Member)
• Ratu Jese Romokidawa

Prominent Yavusa Siko shaxslar

• Ratu Meli Davetanivalu II Taukei ni Waluvu, First Colo Chief converted to Christianity (?-1875).
• Ratu Viliame Batiratu, Buli Matailobau, leading Colo East Chief. GCC member(?-1908).
• Ratu Isikeli Ranabobo Davetanivalu, Buli (1887–1897).
• Ratu Waisele Rokorainima, Buli (1898–?)
• Mr William Scott, European Settler.
• Mr Henry Scott, European Settler.
• Ratu Sailosi Davetanivalu (WWI Fiji Labour Corp to France and Italy 1917)
• Atunaisa Tabuavula (WWI Fiji Labour Corp to France and Italy 1917)
• Lepani Rovutuqica(WWI Fiji Labour Corp to France and Italy 1917)
• Dr. Ratu Temesia Robonowai, NMP. GCC Member. (1866–1937).
• Dr. Ratu Waisea Radibi, NMP.
• Dr. Ratu Jone Roraiova, MP. (1904–34).
• Ratu Isikeli Roraqoca, Buli Matailobau, GCC Member.
• Ratu Viliame Batiratu, World War II Solomon Is Veteran.
• Ratu Asaeli Tabuavula, World War II Solomon Is Veteran.
• Ratu Isikeli Radrugale,World War II Solomon Is Veteran.
• Ratu Alipate Baledrokadroka III, Vatukoula Mines Union and Naitasiri Community Rep.
• Rev. Setareki Nasilivata, Methodist Minister.
• Rev Josaia Raikoso , Methodist Minister 1915-1945
• Semi Nate, 1920-40s Heavyweight Champion Boxer of Fiji and the Pacific, Native Magistrate.
• Inspector Ratu Leone Lautabui,Fiji rugby rep, Heavyweight boxer, First native gazetted Police Officer, Author of the Sherlock Holmes of Fiji.
• Major Josefa S George, Military Officer, 1FIR Malaya, Company Commander and NLC Officer.
• Colonel Livai Nasilivata, Military Cross,1FIR Malaya, Govt Minister, Senator, Teacher.
• Inoke Nasilivata, Teacher, Nausori Town Councillor.
• Superintendent P. Turaga, Police Officer.
• Sgt Ratu Asesela Rokotulou, World War II, US Silver Star medal.
• Emori Naqova- CEO Telecom Fiji.
• Ratu Alipate Baledrokadroka IV, (1933–2005) Accountant, Senator, GCC Member.
• Ratu Meli Koroitamana, Fiji Rugby Rep to UK 1964, GCC Member.
• Adi Kelera Royalotama Nasilivata, (1937–2007) Teacher.
• Ratu Jope Rorinabobo, Head Teacher Vunidawa.
• Ratu Meli Rinakorovatu, ex-Tuirara Matailobau Wainimala division.
• Ratu Emosi Rosakuwai – USP Administrator, Founder Naitasiri Rugby- Suva, Nasinu, Kalabu Zone.
• Adi Lagamu Takiveikata, President Naitasiri Soqosoqo vaka Marama, Businesswomen, Senator.
• Colonel Dr Ratu Jone Baledrokadroka Roraiova, Founding President Naitasiri Rugby Union(1998–2002),^[57] GCC Member, UNDP Advisor.
• Ratu Jope Paul Baledrokadroka, Dean, Kelston Boys High, Auck, NZ.
• Adi Vasiti Baledrokadroka, FNU Senior Lecturer.
• Peniasi Nasilivata – Min of Planning and Finance.
• Setareki Nasilivata – Army SNCO.
• Ratu Jemesa Baledrokadroka, Reserve Bank Fiji Lawyer.
• Ratu Jope Davetanivalu, SPREP Advisor.
• Ratu Emosi Davetanivalu, Min. Planning and Finance.
• Adi Vani Nasedra, Teacher.
• Isoa Nasedra, Ast Native Lands Commissioner.
• Eroni Tubuitamana, Teacher.
• Atunaisa Tabua, Ast Roko Naitasiri.
• Adi Kelera Baledrokadroka, Agriculturist.
• Ratu Feretariki Naqaliwai, Teacher.
• Ratu Manasa Davetanivalu, British Army NCO, UK.
• Ratu Levani. Rosovalevu, Nurse.
• Mikaele Aciriciri Turaga, Journalist.
• Akusita. Nasilivata, Teacher.
• Maria Turaga, Radio Announcer.
• Superitendent Jeremaia Raikoso (First Native Fijian to be appointed as Police Superintendent and Nausori Town Councillor)

Adabiyotlar

• Wallace Deane, The Strange Adventures of a whale's tooth, missionary story from Fiji for young people and others, KI'Worth Printing and Publishing House 218 Castlereagh St., 1919.
• Fijian society or the sociology and psychology of the Fijians, Macmillan and co. limited, London, 1921.
• A. Capell, Oceania, Local Divisions and Movement in Fiji, Vol X1 No. 4, June 1941.
• Tevita Baleiwaqa, Rerevaka na Kalou ka Doka na Tui, Australian National University Thesis, 2003.
• Winston Halapua, Tradition, Lotu and Militarism in Fiji, Fiji Institute of Applied Studies,2003.
• Philip Snow, The Years of Hope: Cambridge, Colonial Administration In The South Seas And Cricket, p. 218, Radcliffe Press, 1997.
• NLC "Tukutuku Raraba": Yavusa – Siko, Colo East, 2 December 1924.
• AB Brewster, The Hill Tribes of Fiji, Davidson Press, 2009.
• "Genealogies and histories of the Matanitu or tribal governments of Central Vitu Levu (Great Fiji)" 1923
• C. F. Gordon Cummings, At Home in Fiji, Pub. William Blackwood & Sons London, 1885.
• James W. Turner, "The Sins Of The Father : Rank and succession in a Fijian Chiefdom", Oceania, December 1986.
• "True Food" and First Fruits: Rituals of Increase in Fiji," Ethnology, Vol. 23, No. 2, April 1984.
• 'Rituals, Habitus and Hierarchy in Fiji', Ethnology, Vol 31, No. 4, Oct 1992
• Nicole, Robert Emmanuel, Disturbing history: aspects of resistance in early colonial Fiji, 1874–1914, University of Hawaii Press,2011.
• Fergus Clunie, Director Fiji Museum, Domodomo (Fiji Museum Quartertly, back cover), Pre Colonial States of FijiSuva, Government Press 1985.
• Andrew Thornley, Exodus of the I Taukei Lako Yani ni Kawa i Taukei, The Story of Methodism in Fiji from 1848 to 1878 (2002).
• Fijian Methodism 1874–1945, Australian National University Thesis, 1979.
• Jane Roth and Steven Hooper, "Fiji Journals of Baron Anatole von Hugel", Fiji Museum, 1991.