Shaxmat bo'yicha AQSh ochiq chempionati - U.S. Open Chess Championship - Wikipedia

The AQSh ochiq chempionati ochiq fuqaro shaxmat bo'lib o'tgan chempionat Qo'shma Shtatlar 1900 yildan beri har yili.

Tarix

Musobaqa dastlab G'arbiy shaxmat uyushmasi va G'arbiy Ochiq deb nomlangan. 1934 yilda G'arbiy shaxmat uyushmasi Amerika shaxmat federatsiyasi va musobaqa Amerika shaxmat federatsiyasining kongressiga aylandi. 1939 yilda ushbu tashkilot birlashdi Qo'shma Shtatlar shaxmat federatsiyasi (USCF) va musobaqa AQSh ochiq chempionatiga aylandi.

Dastlabki yillarda musobaqa odatda kichik bo'lib, ko'p yillar o'yinlari shunday o'tkazilardi dumaloq robin. Ba'zi yillarda uni dastlabki va yakuniy bo'limlarga bo'lish kerak edi, 1934 yildan boshlab u kattalashib bordi va turli formatlardan foydalanishni taqozo etdi. 1946 yilda Shveytsariya tizimi dastlabki turlarda ishlatilgan va 1947 yilda va keyingi yillarda turnir Shveytsariya tizimi tomonidan juftlashgan holda o'tkazilgan.

Ko'p yillar davomida musobaqa 12 yoki 13 turdan iborat bo'lib, ikki hafta davom etdi. So'nggi yillarda unchalik talab qilinmaydigan har xil formatdagi eksperimentlardan so'ng, odatda to'qqiz tur bo'lib o'tdi; 2015 yilgi musobaqa to'qqiz kun ichida to'qqiz turdan iborat edi.

Turnirda ishtirok etish 1950 va 1960 yillarda o'sdi. Miluoki 1953 yilda 181 nafar ishtirokchi ishtirok etib, musobaqaning yangi rekordini o'rnatdi. Klivlend 1957 yilda 184 o'yinchi bor edi va San-Frantsisko 1961 yilda 198 o'yinchi bilan yana bir bor rekord o'rnatdi. 1963 yilda ochilgan Chikago 266 ta ishtirok etdi va bu o'sha paytgacha AQShda o'tkazilgan eng yirik shaxmat musobaqasi bo'ldi. Turnir biroz kichikroq edi Boston 1964 yilda, 229 maydon bilan.

1983 yilda ochilgan Pasadena 836 rasmiy yozuvlar bilan eng katta bo'lgan; unda ishtirok etish xususiyati ham mavjud edi Viktor Korchnoy, so'nggi ikki Jahon chempionatining o'yinlarida qatnashgan.

2000-yillarda maydonlar 400 dan 500 gacha bo'lgan yozuvlar edi. Turnir ba'zi nashrlarda qatnashish va ahamiyat jihatidan pasayish uchun boshlandi va ko'pincha ko'plab g'oliblar birinchi bo'lib kelishib olishadi, ayniqsa 1990 yillarning o'rtalaridan.

Taqdim etilgan pul mukofotlari o'z vaqtlari uchun katta bo'ldi va turnirning ommaviyligini oshirdi. 1962 yilda kirish narxi 20 AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi, birinchi mukofot 1000 AQSh dollari, ikkinchi mukofot 500 dollar, uchinchi 300 dollar, to'rtinchi o'rin 200 dollar, beshinchi 100 dollar, oltinchi o'ninchi 50 dollar va o'n birinchi o'n beshinchi 25 dollar. Ayollarning ochiq chempioni 200 dollar, ikkinchi o'rinni egallagan ayollar 100 dollar yutib olishdi. Eng yaxshi ayollar, eng yaxshi o'smirlar va eng yaxshi ballar uchun qo'shimcha pul mukofotlari berildi Mutaxassis, A, B va C sinflari. 2016 yil kafolatlangan mukofot jamg'armasi 40 000 AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi, birinchi o'rin uchun 8000 dollar.

G'oliblar


Yo'q	Yil	Manzil	Chempionlar
1	1900	Excelsior, Minnesota	Lui Uedemann
2	1901	Excelsior, Minnesota	Nicholas MacLeod
3	1902	Excelsior, Minnesota	Lui Uedemann
4	1903	Chikago	Maks Judd
5	1904	Sent-Luis, Missuri	Stasch Mlotkovskiy
6	1905	Excelsior, Minnesota	Edvard F. Shrader
7	1906	Chikago	Jorj H. Volbrecht
8	1907	Excelsior, Minnesota	Einar Mishelsen
9	1908	Excelsior, Minnesota	Edvard P. Elliot
10	1909	Excelsior, Minnesota	Oskar Chajes
11	1910	Chikago	Jorj. H. Volbrecht
12	1911	Excelsior, Minnesota	Charlz Blek
13	1912	Excelsior, Minnesota	Edvard P. Elliot
14	1913	Chikago	Bredford B. Jefferson
15	1914	Memfis, Tennesi	Bredford B. Jefferson
16	1915	Excelsior, Minnesota	Jekson Showalter
17	1916	Chikago	Edvard Lasker
18	1917	Leksington, Kentukki	Edvard Lasker
19	1918	Chikago	Bora Kostich
20	1919	Sinsinnati	Edvard Lasker
21	1920	Memfis, Tennesi	Edvard Lasker
22	1921	Klivlend, Ogayo shtati	Edvard Lasker
23	1922	Louisville, Kentukki	Samuel Factor
24	1923	San-Fransisko	Stasch Mlotkovskiy, Norman Uitaker
25	1924	Detroyt	Karlos Torre
26	1925	Sidar-Poynt (Ogayo shtati)	Ibrohim Kupchik
27	1926	Chikago	Leon Stolzenberg
28	1927	Kalamazoo, Michigan	Albert Charlz Margolis
29	1928	Saut-Bend, Indiana	Leon Stolzenberg
30	1929	Sent-Luis, Missuri	Herman H. Gahlbohm
31	1930	Chikago	Samuel Factor, Norman Uitaker
32	1931	Talsa, Oklaxoma	Samuel Reshevskiy
33	1932	Minneapolis	Ruben Fine
34	1933	Detroyt	Ruben Fine
35	1934	Chikago	Ruben Fine, Samuel Reshevskiy
36	1935	Miluoki	Ruben Fine
37	1936	Filadelfiya	Isroil A. Horovits
38	1937	Chikago	Devid Polland
39	1938	Boston	Isroil A. Horovits, Ishoq Kashdan
40	1939	Nyu-York shahri	Ruben Fine
41	1940	Dallas	Ruben Fine
42	1941	Sent-Luis, Missuri	Ruben Fine
43	1942	Dallas	Herman Shtayner, Daniel Yanofskiy
44	1943	Sirakuza, Nyu-York	Isroil A. Horovits
45	1944	Boston	Samuel Reshevskiy
46	1945	Peoria, Illinoys	Entoni Santasiere
47	1946	Pitsburg	Herman Shtayner
48	1947	Corpus Christi, Texas	Ishoq Kashdan
49	1948	Baltimor	To'quvchi V. Adams
50	1949	Omaxa, Nebraska	Kichik Albert Sandrin
51	1950	Detroyt	Artur Bisguier
52	1951	Fort-Uort, Texas	Larri Evans
53	1952	Tampa, Florida	Larri Evans
54	1953	Miluoki	Donald Byorn
55	1954	Yangi Orlean	Larri Evans, Arturo Pomar
56	1955	Long-Bich, Kaliforniya	Nikolas Rossolimo
57	1956	Oklaxoma Siti	Artur Bisguier
58	1957	Klivlend, Ogayo shtati	Bobbi Fischer, Artur Bisguier
59	1958	Rochester, Minnesota	Eldis Cobo Arteaga
60	1959	Omaxa, Nebraska	Artur Bisguier
61	1960	Sent-Luis, Missuri	Robert Byrn
62	1961	San-Fransisko	Pal Benko
63	1962	San-Antonio, Texas	Antonio Medina Garsiya
64	1963	Chikago	Uilyam Lombardiya, Robert Byrn
65	1964	Boston	Pal Benko
66	1965	Rio Piedras, Puerto-Riko	Pal Benko, Uilyam Lombardiya
67	1966	Sietl	Pal Benko, Robert Byrn
68	1967	Atlanta	Pal Benko
69	1968	Aspen, Kolorado	Egilgan Larsen
70	1969	Linkoln, Nebraska	Pal Benko, Artur Bisguier, Milan Vukcevich
71	1970	Boston	Egilgan Larsen
72	1971	Ventura, Kaliforniya	Valter Braun, Larri Evans
73	1972	Atlantika Siti, Nyu-Jersi	Valter Braun
74	1973	Chikago	Norman Vaynshteyn
75	1974	Nyu-York shahri	Pal Benko, Vlastimil Xort
76	1975	Linkoln, Nebraska	Pal Benko, Uilyam Lombardiya
77	1976	Fairfax, Virjiniya	Anatoliy Ley, Leonid Shamkovich
78	1977	Kolumbus, Ogayo shtati	Leonid Shamkovich, Endi Soltis, Timoti Teylor
79	1978	Feniks, Arizona	Jozef Bredford
80	1979	Chikago	Florin Georgiyu
81	1980	Atlanta	Jon Fedorovich, Florin Georgiyu
82	1981	Palo Alto, Kaliforniya	Florin Georgiyu, Larri Kristiansen, Jeremi Silman, Nik de Firmian, Jon Meyer
83	1982	Sent-Luis, Minnesota	Endryu Soltis, Uilyam Martz
84	1983	Pasadena, Kaliforniya	Larri Kristiansen, Viktor Korchnoy
85	1984	Ft. Uort, Texas	Roman Dzindzichashvili, Sergey Kudrin
86	1985	Gollivud, Florida	Yasir Seirawan, Boris Spasskiy, Joel Benjamin
87	1986	Somerset, Nyu-Jersi	Larri Kristiansen
88	1987	Portlend, Oregon	Lev Alburt
89	1988	Boston	Dmitriy Gurevich
90	1989	Chikago	Lev Alburt
91	1990	Jeksonvill, Florida	Yasir Seirawan
92	1991	Los Anjeles	Maykl Rohde, Vladimir Akopian
93	1992	Dearborn, Michigan	Gregori Kaydanov
94	1993	Filadelfiya	Aleksandr Shabalov
95	1994	Chikago	Georgi Orlov, Dmitriy Gurevich, Ben Finegold, Smbat Lputian, Leo Kaushanskiy, Albert Chou
96	1995	Konkord, Kaliforniya	Aleks Yermolinskiy
97	1996	Iskandariya, Virjiniya	Gabriel Shvartsman
98	1997	Kissimmi, Florida	Aleks Yermolinskiy
99	1998	Kailua-Kona, Gavayi	Judit Polgar, Boris Gulko
100	1999	Reno, Nevada	Aleks Yermolinskiy, Aleksandr Goldin, Eduardas Rozentalis, Aleksandr Shabalov, Gabriel Shvartsman, Maykl Mulyar
101	2000	Sent-Luis, Minnesota	Aleks Yermolinskiy
102	2001	Framingham, Massachusets	Aleksandr Voytevich, Joel Benjamin, Aleksandr Stripunskiy [ru ], Fabian Dettling
103	2002	Cherry Hill, Nyu-Jersi	Gennadi Zaychik, Evgeniy Najer
104	2003	Los Anjeles	Aleksandr Shabalov
105	2004	Ft. Lauderdeyl, Florida	Aleksandr Onischuk, Rodrigo Vaskes, Aleksandr Voytevich, Ildar Ibragimov, Andranik Matikozian [hy ], Renier Gonsales [es ], Marsel Martinez
106	2005	Feniks, Arizona	Vadim Milov, Joel Benjamin
107	2006	Oak Bruk, Illinoys	Yuriy Shulman
108	2007	Cherry Hill, Nyu-Jersi	Boris Gulko, Sergey Kudrin, Benjamin Finegold, Aleksandr Shabalov, Maykl A. Rohde, Maykl A. Mulyar, Anton Paolo Del Mundo
109	2008	Dallas	Aleksandr Shabalov, Rade Milovanovich, Enriko Sevillano
110	2009	Indianapolis	Dmitriy Gurevich, Sergey Kudrin, Aleks Lenderman, Aleks Yermolinskiy, Jakek Stopa, Jessi Krayi
111	2010	Irvin, Kaliforniya	Alejandro Ramires
112	2011	Orlando, Florida	Aleksandr Lenderman
113	2012	Vankuver, Vashington	Manuel Leon Xoyos, Dmitriy Gurevich, Jon Daniel Brayant
114	2013	Midlton, Viskonsin	Josh Fridel, Makkenzi Molner, Xulio Sadorra
115	2014	Orlando, Florida	Konrad Xolt
116	2015	Feniks, Arizona	Aleksandr Shabalov
117	2016	Indianapolis, Indiana	Aleksandr Shabalov
118	2017	Norfolk, Virjiniya	Aleksandr Lenderman
119	2018	Midlton, Viskonsin	Timur Gareev
120	2019	Orlando, Florida	Illya Nyjnyk

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

Xarkness, Kennet (1967), Rasmiy shaxmat bo'yicha qo'llanma, Devid MakKay, 276–278 betlar, LCCN 66013085 (1966 yilgacha bo'lgan turnir tarixi va g'oliblari ro'yxati.)
"2016 yilgi AQSh shaxmat yilnomasi" (PDF). uschess.org. 2016. Olingan 28 iyun, 2018. (g'oliblar ro'yxati)
Verber, Richard (1979), "AQSh boy an'anani ochmoqda", Shaxmat hayoti va sharhi, 1979 yil iyul, p. 400 (g'oliblar va joylashuvlar ro'yxati 1939-1979)
"AQShning ochiq turnir indeksi". Olingan 31 yanvar, 2016.
Shaxmat hayoti, 17 (6), 128-129 betlar, 1962 yil iyun Yo'qolgan yoki bo'sh sarlavha = (Yordam bering) (1962 yilgi ochilish tafsilotlari)
2007 yil natijalari uschess.org saytida

Asosiy xalqaro takrorlanadigan shaxmat musobaqalari
Kuchli shaxmat musobaqalari Mini shaxmat musobaqalari Shaxmat bo'yicha davra suhbatlari
Asosiy ishtirokchi (o'rtacha reyting > 2700; davra-robin tizimi )	Dortmund Sparkassen shaxmat uchrashuvi (1973 yildan beri) Katta shaxmat safari (2015 yildan beri) Grenke Chess Classic (2013 yildan beri) London shaxmat klassikasi (2009 yildan beri) Norvegiya shaxmat (2013 yildan beri) Shamkir shaxmat (2014 yildan beri) Shenzhen ustalari (2017 yildan beri) Sinquefield kubogi (2013 yildan beri) Tal Memorial (2006 yildan beri) Tata Steel shaxmat musobaqasi (1938 yildan)
Boshqa sovg'alar (Shveytsariya tizimi umuman)	Aeroflot Open (2002 yildan beri) Avstraliyalik ustalar (1987 yildan beri) Bil shaxmat festivali (1968 yildan beri) Kanada ochiq chempionati (1956 yildan beri) Kapablanka yodgorligi (1962 yildan beri) Cappelle-la-Grande ochiq (1985 yildan beri) Carlos Torre Repetto yodgorligi (1987 yildan beri) Chigorin yodgorligi (1909 yildan) Doeberl kubogi (1963 yildan beri) Dubai Open (1999 yildan beri) Gibraltar shaxmat festivali (2003 yildan beri) Xastings xalqaro shaxmat kongressi (1920 yildan) Hogeschool Zeeland turniri (1995 yildan beri) Lyublin grossmeyster turniri (2009 yildan beri) Pol Keres yodgorliklari (Tallin, 1969 yildan) (Vankuver, 1975 yildan) Reykyavik ochiq (1964 yildan) Riga texnika universiteti ochiq (2011 yildan beri) Rubinshteyn yodgorligi (1963 yildan beri) Janubiy Afrika ochiq chempionati (1962 yildan beri) AQSh ochiq chempionati (1900 yildan beri) Vidmar yodgorligi (1969 yildan) World Open (1973 yildan beri) Xtracon Chess Open (1979 yildan) Tsyurixda Rojdestvo Ochiq (1977 yildan)
Yaqinda bekor qilindi (2000 yildan keyin)	Alexin yodgorligi (1956–2013, tartibsiz) Akropolis (1968–2009) Aerosvit (2006–2008) Amber (1992–2011) Bilbao shaxmat ustalarining finali (2008–2016) Xovard Staunton yodgorligi (2003–2009) Linares (1978–2010) Mar del Plata (1928–2001) Millioner shaxmat (2014-2016) M-Tel ustalari (2005–2009) Shimoliy dengiz kubogi (1976–2008) Inju bahor (2008–2010) Qatar Masters Open (2014–2015) Regjio Emiliya (1947–2012) Tsyurix shaxmat musobaqasi (2012–2017)
Katta o'tmish (19-20 asr)	Amerika shaxmat Kongressi (1857–1923) Karl Shlechter yodgorligi (1923–1996) DSB Kongressi (1879–1932) Bosh hukumat (1940–1944) IBM xalqaro (1961–1981) Konex (1977–1994) Leopold Trebitsch yodgorligi (1907–1938) Lone Pine International (1971–1981) Maks Euve yodgorligi (1987–1996) Monte-Karlo (1901–1904; 1967–1969) Netanya (1961–1983) Palma de Mallorca (1965–1972) Phillips & Drew Kings (1980–1986) Piatigorskiy kubogi (1963–1966) San-Sebastyan (1911–1912) Silesian shaxmat Kongressi (1922–1939) Tilburg (1977–1998) Triberg (1914–1917)
Shaxmat musobaqalari Milliy chempionatlar Millatlararo chempionatlar