Ailuropoda - Ailuropoda

Panda
Panda ChiangMaiZoo humarkus.jpg
The ulkan panda, tur va oilada mavjud bo'lgan yagona tur
Ailuropoda fovealis skull.jpg
Ailuropoda fovealis[tushuntirish kerak ] bosh suyagi
Ilmiy tasnif e
Qirollik:Animalia
Filum:Chordata
Sinf:Sutemizuvchilar
Buyurtma:Yirtqich hayvon
Oila:Ursidae
Subfamila:Ailuropodinae
Tur:Ailuropoda
Milne-Edvards, 1870[1][2]
Tur turlari
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Dovud, 1869[3]
Turlar

A. baconi
A. melanoleuca
A. mikrota
A. wulingshanensis

Ailuropoda mavjud bo'lgan yagona narsa tur ichida ursid (ayiq) subfamily Ailuropodinae. Unda bitta tirik va uchta pandaning qazilma turlari mavjud.[4]

Faqat bitta tur—Ailuropoda melanoleuca - hozirgi vaqtda mavjud; qolgan uch turi tarixdan oldingi xronospetsiyalar. Bunga qaramay taksonomik a sifatida tasniflash yirtqich hayvon, ulkan panda a parhez bu birinchi navbatda o'txo'r, deyarli faqat iborat bambuk.

Ulkan pandalar kelib chiqqan Ailurarktos kech davrida yashagan Miosen.[4]

2011 yilda Iberiya yarim orolidan topilgan 11 milliondan ortiq toshlar Ailuropodinae oilasida ilgari noma'lum turga tegishli ekanligi aniqlandi. Ushbu turga nom berildi Agriarctos beatrix[5] (hozir Kretzoarktos beatrixi ).[6]

Etimologiya

Gigant panda ko'z

Yunon tilidan aἴλrosho aururos "mushuk" + Choδός Odpodós "oyoq" (gen. sg.). Ko'pgina ayiqlardan farqli o'laroq, ulkan pandalarda dumaloq o'quvchilar yo'q, aksincha mushuklarnikiga o'xshash vertikal yoriqlar mavjud. Bu nafaqat lotin nomini ilhomlantirdi,[shubhali ] ammo xitoy tilida ulkan panda "katta ayiq mushuk" (大熊猫, dà xióngmāo) va standart tibet tilida "mushuk ayig'i" (བྱི་ ལ དྨོ, byi-la dom).

Tasnifi

Boshqa pandalar

The qizil yoki kamroq, panda (Ailurus fulgens) ilgari ulkan panda bilan chambarchas bog'liq deb hisoblangan. Ammo u endi ayiq deb hisoblanmaydi va endi u boshqa yirtqichlar oilasining yagona tirik vakili sifatida tasniflanadi (Ailuridae ).

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Milne-Edvards, Alphonse (1870). "Note sur quelques mammifères du Thibet oriental". Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie. Ser. 5. 14 (10): 1.
  2. ^ Milne-Edvards, Alphonse (1870). "Note sur quelques Mammifères du Thibet oriental". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des fanlar. 70: 341–342.
  3. ^ a b Devid, Armand (1869). "Voyage en Chine". Bulletin des Nouvelles Archives du Muséum. 5: 13. Ursus melanolek
  4. ^ a b Jin, Chanchju; Rassel L. Ciochon; Vey Dong; Robert M. Xant kichik; Jinyi Liu; Marc Jaeger va Qizhi Zhu (2007 yil 19-iyun). "Eng qadimgi yirik pandaning birinchi bosh suyagi" (PDF; talab qilinadi). Milliy fanlar akademiyasi materiallari. 104 (26): 10932–10937. doi:10.1073 / pnas.0704198104. PMC  1904166. PMID  17578912. Olingan 2007-06-19.
  5. ^ J., P. Montoya va J. Morales. "Nombrevilla 2 (Zaragoza, Ispaniya) hududida Agriarctosning yangi turlari (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae, Carnivora)." Estudios Geologicos 67.2 (2011): 187-191
  6. ^ Abella, Xuan, David M. Alba, Xosep M. Robles, Alberto Valensiano, Cheyenn Rotgers, Raul Karmona, Xorxe Morales va Plinio Montoya. "Kretzoiarctos Gen. Nov., Giant Panda Clade-ning eng keksa a'zosi." PLOS ONE 7.11 (2012): 1-5.
  7. ^ Pei, Ven Chun (1962). "Guǎngxī liǔchéng jù yuan dòng jí qítā shāndòng de dì sì jì bǔrǔ dòngwù" 柳城 巨猿 洞 及 山洞 的 第四纪 哺乳动物 [Liuchengdan kelgan to'rtinchi sutemizuvchilar Gigantopitek Kvonsi g'orlari va boshqa g'orlari] (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 6 (3): 211–218.
  8. ^ Pei, Ven-Chun (1963). "Liuchengdan kelgan to'rtinchi sutemizuvchilar Gigantopitek Kvangsi g'orlari va boshqa g'orlari " (PDF). Scientia Sinica. 12 (2): 221-229. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi (PDF) 2017-08-21 da. Olingan 2017-07-20.
  9. ^ Vang, Linghong; Lin, Yufen; Chan, Shaovu; Yuan, Jiarong (1982). "Húnán shěng xīběi bù xīn fāxiàn de bǔrǔ dòngwù huàshí jí qí yìyì" 西北部 新 发现 的 哺乳动物 化石 及其 意义 [Xunan provinsiyasining shimoli-g'arbiy qismida topilgan sutemizuvchilarning qoldiqlari va ularning ahamiyati] (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 20 (4): 350–358.
  10. ^ Vudvord, A. Smit (1915). "Yo'qolib ketgan sutemizuvchilarning Boshsuyasida Luropus Mogokdagi Yoqut minalaridagi g'ordan, Birma ". London zoologik jamiyati materiallari. 85 (III): 425-428. doi:10.1111 / j.1469-7998.1915.tb07605.x.
  11. ^ Van, Qiu-Xong; Vu, Xua; Fang, Sheng-Guo (2005). "Gigant pandaning yangi turi (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Shaanxi shahridan ". Mammalogy jurnali. 86 (2): 397–402. doi:10.1644 / BRB-226.1. JSTOR  4094359.