1985 yil fevralda Parijdagi portlash - February 1985 Paris bombing

1985 yil fevralda Parijdagi portlash
ManzilHaussmann bulvari, Parij, Frantsiya
Sana1985 yil 23-fevral
9:31
O'limlar1
Jarohatlangan15
JinoyatchiHabib Maamar (15 may tashkilot )
SababFalastin millatchiligi

1985 yil 23-fevralda Britaniyaga qarashli bino ichida bomba portladi Markalar va Spenser bo'yicha do'kon Haussmann bulvari yilda Parij, Frantsiya, bir kishini o'ldirdi va 15 kishini yaraladi.[1] Halok bo'lgan qurbon do'konning xodimi Leonard Roxas bo'lib, u kasalxonaga ketayotganda vafot etgan. Bu do'kon kirishni kutayotgan ko'plab xaridorlar orasida biznes uchun eshiklarini ochayotgan paytda sodir bo'ldi. Portlash katta moddiy zarar etkazgan.[2] Yaradorlar orasida ikki britaniyalik ham bor.[3]

1976 va 1981 yillarda Marks & Spencer do'koniga ikki marta hujum uyushtirilgan, ammo bu hodisalarda hech kim jabr ko'rmagan va faqat ozgina zarar etkazilgan. Ushbu hujumlar uchun javobgarlikni hech kim o'z zimmasiga olmadi.[4]

Jinoyatchilar

Mas'uliyatni o'z zimmasiga olgan bir necha telefon qo'ng'iroqlari amalga oshirildi, turli xil qo'ng'iroqchilar o'zlarini himoya qilishlarini da'vo qilishdi Karib dengizi inqilobiy alyansi (ARC), Action Direct (AD), Abu Nidal tashkiloti (ANO) va misli ko'rilmagan guruh, o'zini ishsizlikka qarshi xalqaro kollektiv armiya deb ataydi. Biroq politsiya bu da'volarni etarlicha ishonchli emas deb atadi.[5] The 15 may tashkilot xabarlarga ko'ra o'sha paytda javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga olgan,[6][7] va Muvaqqat Irlandiya respublika armiyasi (IRA) ommaviy axborot vositalari tomonidan ayblandi,[8] ammo ular hech qachon Frantsiya hududiga hujum uyushtirmaganligini aytib, o'zlarining aloqalarini rad etishdi.[9]

1986 yil may oyida politsiya gumondorlar Filipp Frigerio va Tunis Habib Maamar Nensi, ikkinchisi o'sha paytda eronparastga aloqadorligi haqida xabar berilgan edi Hizbulloh guruh.[10][11][12] Sud protseduralari paytida Maamarning siyosiy sabablari bo'lmaganligi, ammo bomba hujumini "qabul qilgani" xabar qilingan 15 may tashkilot, kommunistik va falastinlik millatchi tashkilot, foyda olish yo'li bilan. Maamar, ehtimol, Marks & Spencer do'konini bombardimon qilgan London, Angliya, 1983 yil dekabrda (bilan bog'liq emas Harrodlarni bombardimon qilish ).[13] U 1989 yil dekabr oyida 18 yilga ozodlikdan mahrum qilindi.[14]

Marks & Spencer, ehtimol uning sobiq raisi sifatida nishonga olingan Jozef Sieff edi a Sionist. Sieff ilgari uyushtirilgan suiqasd harakatidan omon qolgan Ilich Ramirez Sanches dan Falastinni ozod qilish uchun Xalq jabhasi (PFLP) 1973 yilda, 15-may kuni tashkil topgan guruh.[15]

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ https://articles.latimes.com/1985-02-24/news/mn-24506_1_marks-family
  2. ^ http://collections2.banq.qc.ca/jrn03/soleil/src/1985/02/24/A/4878815_1985-02-24_A.txt
  3. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/24/world/man-killed-in-blast-in-british-store-in-paris-15-hurt.html
  4. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/24/world/man-killed-in-blast-in-british-store-in-paris-15-hurt.html
  5. ^ http://collections2.banq.qc.ca/jrn03/soleil/src/1985/02/24/A/4878815_1985-02-24_A.txt
  6. ^ http://ya30ans.overblog.com/2015/02/samedi-23-fevrier-1985.html
  7. ^ https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20081216.OBS5746/les-attentats-dans-les-grands-magasins.html
  8. ^ http://collections.banq.qc.ca/lapresse/src/cahiers/1985/02/24/01/82812_1985022401.txt
  9. ^ https://archive.org/stream/LeMondeDiplomatique1985FranceFrench/Feb 26 1985 yil, Le Monde Diplomatique, # 12465, Frantsiya (fr) _djvu.txt
  10. ^ https://articles.latimes.com/1989-11-01/news/mn-88_1_palestinian-group
  11. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/14/world/around-the-world-french-arrest-2-more-in-marks-spencer-case.html
  12. ^ Tomas, Eleyn R. (2011-11-29). Immigratsiya, islom va Frantsiyadagi siyosat: qiyosiy asos. ISBN  0812204115.
  13. ^ https://www.estrepublicain.fr/edition-de-nancy-ville/2015/11/15/lorrains-et-terroristes-flash-back
  14. ^ http://www.lesoir.be/archive/recup/la-perpetuite-pour-habib-maamar-terroriste-a-paris-1-mo_t-19891216-Z0275K.html
  15. ^ https://www.standard.co.uk/news/house-where-carlos-the-jackal-first-struck-faces-the-bulldozer-6630867.html