Florida Tabiat tarixi muzeyi - Florida Museum of Natural History

Florida Tabiat tarixi muzeyi

Geynesvill, Florida
O'rnatilgan	1891
Manzil	3215 Xull Rd., Geynesvill, Florida
Koordinatalar	29 ° 38′10 ″ N 82 ° 22′12 ″ V / 29.63611 ° 82.37000 ° Vt / 29.63611; -82.37000Koordinatalar: 29 ° 38′10 ″ N 82 ° 22′12 ″ V / 29.63611 ° 82.37000 ° Vt / 29.63611; -82.37000
Turi	Tabiiy tarix
Mehmonlar	2007 yil[1]
Direktor	Doktor Duglas S. Jons.
Jamoat transportiga kirish	Oilaviy uy-joy to'xtash yo'nalishi 20 & 21, RTS
Veb-sayt	Rasmiy veb-sayt

The Florida Tabiat tarixi muzeyi (FLMNH) hisoblanadi Florida davlat tomonidan homiylik qilingan va ustavga qo'yilgan tabiiy-tarixiy muzey. Uning asosiy ob'ektlari 3215 Hull Road-da talabalar shaharchasida joylashgan Florida universiteti yilda Geynsvill.

Asosiy ommaviy ko'rgazma ob'ekti - Pauell Xoll va unga biriktirilgan McGuire Center, madaniy plazada joylashgan bo'lib, u bilan baham ko'radi. Samuel P. Xarn nomidagi san'at muzeyi va Kurtis M. Fillips nomidagi Ijro san'ati markazi. Dikkinson Xollning asosiy tadqiqot muassasasi va sobiq jamoat eksponatlari binosi, Talabalar shaharchasining sharq tomonida Muzeylar yo'li va Nyuell-Drive burchagida joylashgan. 2012 yil 18 aprelda Amerika me'morlari instituti Florida bobida Dikkinson Xoll Florida arxitekturasi ro'yxatiga kiritilgan: 100 yil. Florida tabiiy tarix muzeyi sifatida 100 ta joy / ilgari Florida tabiiy fanlar muzeyi.^[2]

Pauell Xollning doimiy jamoat ko'rgazmalarida Florida shtatidagi flora, fauna, fotoalbomlar va tarixiy odamlarga e'tibor qaratilgan. Muzey aksariyat eksponatlarni qabul qilish uchun haq olmaydi; Kelebek yomg'ir o'rmoni va ba'zi sayohat eksponatlari bundan mustasno.

Muzey kollektsiyalari birinchi bo'lib 1800-yillarda Leyk-Siti shahridagi Florida qishloq xo'jaligi kollejida o'qitish uchun ishlatilgan va 1906 yilda Florida universiteti kampusiga ko'chirilgan. Muzey shtat rasmiysi sifatida nizomga kiritilgan. tabiiy tarix muzeyi 1917 yilda Florida Qonunchilik palatasi tomonidan ilgari Florida shtati muzeyi, muzeyning vazifasini aniqroq aks ettirish va chalkashliklarga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun ushbu nom 1988 yilda o'zgartirilgan Florida shtati universiteti ichida joylashgan Tallaxassi.

Florida Tabiat tarixi muzeyi Alachua okrugi kutubxonasi bilan hamkorlikda KOVID-19 pandemiyasi tufayli kutubxonada yuz bergan o'zgarishlar tufayli tashrif buyuruvchilar doimiy ravishda qatnashishlari uchun kattalashtirish tadbirlari, virtual sayohatlar va onlayn eksponatlarni taqdim etishga yordam berdi. ^[3]

Tarix

Qonunchilikni ta'minlash

Kelebek yomg'ir o'rmonidagi palapartishlik

Florida tabiiy tarix muzeyining Florida uchun rasmiy tabiiy tarix muzeyi sifatidagi o'rni §1004.56-sonli Florida Nizomi bilan belgilanadi:

"Florida Universitetida joylashgan Florida Tabiiy Tarix Muzeyining vazifalari tabiiy resurslarni barqaror rivojlantirish va inson madaniy merosini yanada ko'proq qadrlash, shu jumladan biologik tadqiqotlar, ekologik tadqiqotlar, ilmiy tadqiqotlar o'tkazishdir. tadqiqotlar, atrof-muhitga ta'sirini baholash, chuqur arxeologik tadqiqotlar va etnologik tahlillar, shuningdek, biologik, arxeologik va etnografik namunalar va materiallarning depozitarini davlat va mintaqada tadqiqot bazasini ta'minlash uchun etarli miqdorda va miqdorda saqlash va saqlash. yovvoyi turlarning xilma-xilligi, evolyutsiyasi va saqlanib qolinishi; tabiiy ekotizimlarning tarkibi, tarqalishi, ahamiyati va faoliyati; shuningdek, tarixiygacha va tarixiy arxeologik joylarning tarqalishi hamda ularni egallab olgan tub va dastlabki Evropa madaniyati haqida tushuncha.

Davlat muassasalari, bo'limlari va idoralari arxeologik joylardan muzeydagi turdagi kollektsiyalarni saqlashi mumkin va muzey tarkibiga kiritilgan vaucher va tipdagi biologik namunalarni saqlash orqali hamkorlik qilish har bir davlat muassasasi, boshqarmasi va idorasining vazifasidir. xodimlarning normal tadqiqot va kuzatuv vazifalari hamda o'zidagi biologik namunalar va kollektsiyalarni muzeyga topshirish, lekin faol muassasa qilinmagan yoki ushbu muassasa, bo'lim yoki agentlikning tadqiqotlari yoki o'qitilishida foydalanilmayapti.

Florida Tabiat Tarixi Muzeyi ushbu namunalar va materiallarni qabul qilish, saqlash, saqlash yoki tasarruf etish huquqiga ega bo'lib, har bir to'plam va unga qo'shib berilgan ma'lumotlarni muzey xodimlari va hamkorlikdagi muassasalar, bo'limlar tomonidan tadqiq etish va foydalanish uchun taqdim etadi. , agentliklar va malakali mustaqil tadqiqotchilar.

Biologik, arxeologik va etnografik kollektsiyalar Florida tabiiy tarix muzeyida berilgan unvonga ega bo'lgan davlatga tegishli bo'lishi kerak ... Ushbu kollektsiyalarni yig'ishda yoki boshqa yo'l bilan sotib olishda Florida Tabiat tarixi muzeyi, s. 267.12 (3) tegishli davlat yovvoyi tabiati, arxeologik va qishloq xo'jaligi qonunlari va qoidalariga muvofiq bo'lishi kerak.

Shu bilan birga, boshqa muassasalar, idoralar va idoralar tomonidan berilgan barcha yig'ish, karantin va akkreditatsiya ruxsatnomalari ushbu muzeylarni tadqiq etish yoki davlat erlarida yoki davlat yurisdiksiyasida xavf-xatarga olib kelmaydigan xavf ostida bo'lmagan tadqiqotlarni o'rganish yoki yig'ish uchun muntazam ravishda beriladi. yovvoyi turlar, yashash joylari yoki ekotizimlar.

Bundan tashqari, muzey ko'rgazmalar ishlab chiqadi va davlat va mintaqaning tabiiy tarixini aks ettiruvchi, talqin qiladigan va tushuntiradigan dasturlarni amalga oshiradi va bu erda ko'rsatilgan ishlarga tegishli nashrlar kutubxonasini olib boradi.

Muzeyning ko'rgazmalari, kollektsiyalari va kutubxonasi muzey direktori tomonidan e'lon qilinishi va Florida universiteti tomonidan tasdiqlanishi uchun tegishli qoidalarga muvofiq ochiq, jamoatchilik uchun ochiqdir. "

Amaldagi inshootlar

100 yildan ortiq faoliyat davomida Florida Tabiat tarixi muzeyi Geynesvill markazidagi Seagle Building-dan kampusning uchta zali va joydan tashqaridagi bitta tadqiqot muassasasiga qadar bir nechta binolarda joylashgan.

Dikkinson zali

Dikkinson zali

Dikkinson zali, 1971 yilda ochilgan bo'lib, Muzeylar yo'lida joylashgan. Hozirda u o'z to'plamlarida 25 milliondan ortiq narsalar va eksponatlarni saqlaydi ichtiyologiya, paleontologiya (ikkala umurtqali va umurtqasiz), botanika, paleobotanika va palinologiya, herpetologiya, malakologiya, mammalogiya, ornitologiya, atrof-muhit arxeologiyasi, tarixiy arxeologiya, arxeologiya Karib dengizi va Florida, va etnografiya Lotin va Shimoliy Amerika qit'alari. Bu erda eng zamonaviy Molekulyar sistematika va evolyutsion genetika laboratoriyasi joylashgan.^[4]

Pauell Xoll

Florida madaniy Plazma universitetida joylashgan Pauell Xoll 1995 yilda S.W.ga yaqin Hull Road yo'lida qurilgan. 34-chi ko'chada, Dikkinson Xolldan taxminan 2 mil g'arbda. U bog'langan McGuire Center bilan birga asosiy eksponatlar va ommaviy dasturlar vositasi sifatida xizmat qiladi. Pauell Xoll Florida shtatining ikkita bitiruvchisi juftligining 3 million dollarlik sovg'asidan qisman moliyalashtirildi; Bob va Enn va Stiv va Kerol Pauell Fort-Loderdeyldan va tegishli mablag'lar bilan Gumanitar fanlar uchun milliy fond va Florida shtati hukumatidan.^[5]

Randell tadqiqot markazi

1996 yilda Randelllar oilasi 53 gektar maydonni (210000 m) berdi²) 240 akr (0,97 km)²), Li okrugidagi xalqaro ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan Pineland sayt majmuasi, Florida universiteti, hozirda muzey Randell tadqiqot markazi sifatida ishlaydi. Ushbu tadqiqot va ta'lim dasturi muzeyning janubi-g'arbiy Florida loyihasi va "Hindiston yili" arxeologiya / ta'lim loyihasining kengaytmasi hisoblanadi.

2008 yilda Randell tadqiqot markazi 2004 yilgi Charley va Frensis dovullarida vayron bo'lgan daraxtlarning o'rniga 800 dan ortiq mahalliy daraxtlarni ekish bo'yicha ikki yillik dasturni yakunladi.^[6]

McGuire Lepidoptera va bioxilma-xillik markazi

McGuire bioxilma-xillik va Lepodoptra markazining tashqi tomoni

2000 yilda, Uilyam W. McGuire, keyin bosh direktor UnitedHealth Group, Lepidoptera va bioxilma-xillik bo'yicha Uilyam W. va Nadine M. McGuire markazini tashkil etish uchun 4,2 million dollar miqdorida sovg'a qildi. Ushbu sovg'a hasharotlarga oid tadqiqotlarni rivojlantirish uchun berilgan eng katta xususiy sovg'alardan biri bo'lib, Florida shtati Alec Courtelis Facility Enhancement Challenge Grant dasturiga mos keldi.^[7] Keyinchalik McGuires markazning yakuniy qurilishini moliyalashtirish uchun yana 3 million dollar ajratdi. 12 million dollarlik ushbu yangi inshoot Lepidoptera tadqiqot va jamoat ko'rgazmalari 2004 yil avgust oyida ochilgan.

Markazda 10 milliondan ortiq kapalak va kuya namunalari to'plami joylashgan bo'lib, u dunyodagi eng yirik Lepidoptera kollektsiyalaridan biri bo'lib, bu Tabiiy tarix muzeyi yilda London. To'plamda yo'q bo'lib ketgan turlar mavjud. Bu to'rt millionga yaqin namunalar bilan boshlandi va uni yanada kengaytirish uchun joy mavjud edi. To'plam. Dan bo'lganlarni birlashtiradi Allin muzeyi yilda Sarasota, Florida Universitetining boshqa to'plamlari va Florida shtati O'simlik sanoati kollektsiyalari bo'limi.

Maguire markazidagi laboratoriya

McGuire Lepidoptera va bioxilma-xillik markazi tadqiqot va xalq ta'limi vazifalarini bajaradi. Markazda tirik Butterfly Rainforest va butun dunyo bo'ylab Lepidoptera va yomg'ir o'rmonlari, shuningdek, 39000 kvadrat metr (3600 m) haqida ma'lumot mavjud bo'lgan ko'rgazma maydoni mavjud.²) tadqiqot laboratoriyalari va yig'ish joylari.

Tadqiqot maydoni molekulyar genetika, skanerlash elektron mikroskopi, tasvirni tahlil qilish, yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan turlarni saqlash va tutqun holda ko'paytirish, optik mikroskopiya va namunalarni tayyorlashga qaratilgan laboratoriyalarni, shuningdek 12 ta fakultet kuratorlari, kollektsiya menejerlari va boshqa xodimlar uchun o'quv xonalari va kabinetlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Ba'zi tadqiqot laboratoriyalari va kollektsiyalarini muzey orqasidagi shisha panellar orqali ko'rish mumkin.

Ommaviy eksponatlar

Butterfly Rainforest

A malika (chapda) va a monarx (o'ngda) Butterfly Rainforestda.

The Butterfly Rainforest jonli namoyish kapalaklar muzeyga biriktirilgan katta, ochiq yopiq joyda. Bu Pauell Xollning asosiy kirish qismidan kiradigan McGuire markazidagi asosiy ko'rgazma. Har qanday vaqtda ko'rgazmada 1000 ga yaqin shaxsni tashkil etadigan 50 dan ortiq kapalak va kuya turlari mavjud. Kelebeklar dunyoning turli burchaklaridan keltirilgan xrizalis va kattalar sifatida paydo bo'lganidan keyin eksponatga chiqarildi. Har hafta ish kuni soat 14.00 da kapalaklarning jonli nashrlari mavjud. va dam olish kunlari soat 14 va 15 da.^[8]

Florida qoldiqlari: hayot va erning rivojlanishi

Florida Fosil Zalidagi qoldiqlarning to'plami.

Pauell Xollda joylashgan, 2,5 million dollar, 5000 kvadrat metr (460 m)²) ko'rgazmasi beshta geologik vaqt oralig'ida Florida Platformasi tarixini tavsiflaydi. Ko'rgazma tashrif buyuruvchilarni boshidanoq vaqt o'tishi bilan sayr qiladi Eosen epoxa, Florida suv ostida bo'lganida. Tashrif buyuruvchilar Eosen, Oligotsen, Miosen, Plyotsen va Pleystotsen epoxalar va Florida shtatidagi ilk quruqlikdagi hayvonlarni, rivojlanib borayotgan o'tloq va savannalarni va Shimoliy va Janubiy Amerika o'rtasidagi qariyb 3 million yil oldin hosil bo'lgan quruq ko'prikni ko'ring. Ko'rgazma Pleystotsen oxiriga yaqin Floridaga birinchi odamlarning kelishi bilan yakunlanadi.

Ko'rgazmadagi 500 ta qoldiqning 90 foizdan ko'prog'i haqiqiydir va ularning ko'pchiligi Geynsvilldan 160 km uzoqlikda topilgan.

Zalga kirish joyida oltita qoldiq topilgan nahang balandligi 2-9 metrgacha bo'lgan jag'lar. Ko'rgazma, taxminan 66 million yil oldin Florida Platformasiga tashrif buyuruvchilarni olib boradigan dioramalarda tasvirlangan beshta yo'q bo'lib ketish hodisalari bilan boshlanadi, shuningdek, Dawn of Dawn deb nomlanuvchi Sutemizuvchilar yoshi. Ko'rgazmalarga Eotsendagi ibtidoiy tishli kit, miosen, Oligotsendan cho'chqaga o'xshash, yo'q bo'lib ketgan sutemizuvchi kiradi. karkidon Plyotsen zonasida orqa oyoqlarida turgan 15 metrli (4.6 m) uzun bo'yli yalqov va 500000 yoshli mushukka o'xshash ikkita qashshoq tishli hayvonlarga hujum qilishdi. yaguar pleystotsen davridan peckaryni ta'qib qilish. Shuningdek, vaqt oralig'ida dunyodagi paleoartistlarning badiiy asarlari, shu jumladan yo'q bo'lib ketgan Terror Birdning 9 metrlik (2,7 m) baland po'latdan yasalgan haykallari, Titanis walleri.^[9]

South Florida People & Environments

Ushbu ko'rgazma, shuningdek, Pauell Xollda, Janubiy Florida zali jami 6050 kvadrat metrni (562 m) egallagan o'nta eksponat galereyasidan iborat.²). Gallereyalar ketma-ketligi tashrif buyuruvchilarga turli xil tajribalarni, shu jumladan, 3 o'lchovli immersion muhitlarni va ko'proq diqqat markazlarini o'rganish markazlarini yaratishga mo'ljallangan.

Tashrif buyuruvchilar ko'rgazmaga a-ning qayta yaratilgan sahnasi orqali kirib kelishadi Kaluza baliq ovlash qishlog'i, taxminan 500 yil oldin ko'rinib turgan bo'lishi mumkin. Yosh kaluzalik bola uyiga yelkasida akula olib yuribdi, uning orqasida qishloq va ko'rinishdagi manzil yotibdi Meksika ko'rfazi. Qishloq yaqinida Florida shtatidagi g'arbiy g'arbiy Hindiston san'ati va atrof-muhitini tasvirlaydigan to'rtta katta shisha devor paneli mavjud. Ushbu tasvirlar mintaqaning madaniy va tabiiy tarixining boyligi va murakkabligini anglatadi. Panellar ortida dotsentlar va o'qituvchilar kichik guruh to'plashi va ko'rgazmani tanishtirishlari uchun etarli bo'lgan yo'nalish maydoni mavjud. Interpretatsion panellar janubiy Florida aholisi va atrof-muhitining kollaj rasmlari bilan to'ldirilgan zalning mazmuni va mavzularini oldindan ko'rib chiqadi.

Mangrove Boardwalk galereyasi

Mehmonlar Florida shtatining janubi-g'arbiy qismini qayta qurish uchun yog'och taxtaga chiqishdi mangrov o'rmon va dengiz o'tlari daryosi. Taxta paneli mangrov daraxtlari, loyqalar va simulyatsiya qilingan suvdan o'tadi. Hasharotlar, qushlar va suv tovushlari yorug'likdagi sekin o'zgarishlar bilan birlashib, atrof-muhit tuyg'usini aks ettiradi. 360 daraja devorga chizilgan ulkan rasm uzoq to'siqli orollarni, qushlarni boqadigan uylarni, tog'li hududni va mangrov o'rmonlarining yuragini kengaytiradi. Interpretiv panellar boy estuarin muhitining tanqidiy hikoyalarini taqdim etadi.

Tabiiy yashash joylari markazi

Ushbu galereyada Janubiy Florida atrof-muhitiga oid eksponatlar mavjud.

Suv ostida yurish

Janubi-g'arbiy Florida zalidagi ulkan daryolar.

Ushbu galereyada daryodagi suvni ushlab turuvchi mayda organizmlarni o'rganish uchun 12 marta hayot hajmidagi suvosti manzarasi mavjud. O'simliklar, baliqlar va umurtqasizlarning yirik haykallari yo'lakni o'rab oladi va suv ostida porlab turgan nurlar voqea joyiga voqelik tuyg'usini qo'shadi.

Baliq ovlash merosi galereyasi

Baliq ovlash merosi galereyasida 6000 yillik baliq ovi haqida hikoya qilinadi. Ushbu artefaktga boy galereya 6000 yillik baliq ovini ta'kidlaydi Florida shtatining Fors ko'rfazi sohillari. Displeylar baliq ovlash sanoatiga qaratilgan Kaluza, ularning o'tmishdoshlari va 20-asrga kelib qolgan an'analari. Biz dengizga moslashishning ijtimoiy va siyosiy murakkablikning asosi sifatida ahamiyatini o'rganamiz. Baliq, to'r, mahalliy va aloqadan keyin baliq ovlash texnikasi, suv kemalari va suv inshootlari kabi mavzular kiritilgan. Mehmonlar Florida shtatining janubi-g'arbiy qismida katta kanallar qurgan Kaluzaning ajoyib muhandislik ishlari bilan tanishadilar; va uzoq muddatli baliq ovlash an'anasi. Interfaol multimedia stantsiyalari to'r yasash va kordon ishlab chiqarish kabi mavzularni aks ettiradi va baliqchi qishlog'ining miniatyura dioramasi Kaluzada baliq ovlashning mohiyatini aks ettiradi. Artefaktlar orasida 1000 yillik xurmo tolasi bilan ovlanadigan to'rlar, Kaluzada to'r yasash vositalari, ko'plab qobiq qurollari va qadimgi yog'och kanoe eshkaklari mavjud.

Calusa höyüğü va qishloq

Ushbu galereyaning ustun xususiyati katta rasm oynasi va tashqi tepalikning ko'rinishi. Calusa oilasining haykallari palma bilan qurilgan uy yonidagi tepada turib, mehmonning tashqariga va o'tmishga nazar tashlaganligini anglatadi. Ichkarida talqin panellari tepaliklar va Kaluza shahar rejalarini muhokama qiladi. Deraza yonida interaktiv model tepalikning kesilgan ko'rinishini ko'rsatadi va arxeologlarning o'tmishni talqin qilish usullarini tushuntiradi.

Calusa rahbarining uyi

Janubi-g'arbiy Florida zalidagi boshliq kulbasining ichki qismi.

Ushbu galereya dramatik qayta yaratilgan sahna orqali Kaluza jamiyatini namoyish etadi. Tashrif buyuruvchilar palma daraxtidan yasalgan binoga kirib, siyosiy marosim paytida Kalusa rahbarining uyida o'zlarini topmoqdalar. Bo'ysungan chiroqlar va qo'shiq tovushlari tarixiy ispan hujjatlaridagi taniqli shaxslarga asoslangan oltita inson haykallari sahnasiga dramani qo'shadi. Sozlama Kalusaning poytaxti Kalos, taxminan 1564 yil. Kalusaning etakchisi va uning yaqin sheriklariga uzoq boshliq tashrif buyurmoqda. Interpretiv panellar Calusa siyosati, ijtimoiy tashkilot va ma'naviy e'tiqod kabi mavzularni tushuntiradi. Muzey kollektsiyalaridan topilgan buyumlar hikoyalarni to'ldiradi, jumladan, qobiq, suyak va metalldan yasalgan bezaklar hamda Kalusaga uzoq joylardan olib kelingan buyumlar. Missuri.

Janubiy Florida shtatidagi tub amerikaliklar merosi galereyasi

Legacy galereyasi Janubiy Florida kollektsiyalaridagi eng noyob va qiziqarli narsalarning bir qismini taqdim etadi. Bularga 1000 yillik tarixda qo'lda o'yib ishlangan, deyarli yo'q bo'lib ketishi tasviri tushirilgan yog'och paneli kiradi fil suyagi bilan ishlangan daraxtzor, bo'yalgan yog'och paneli timsoh, hayvonlar va odamlarning yog'och haykalchalari, qimmatbaho metallardan yasalgan bezaklar va boshqa ko'plab o'ymakor yog'och va suyak buyumlari. Interpretiv panellar muhokama qiladi Janubiy Florida ehtiyotkorlik bilan qazish paytida va tiklangan ob'ektlarga tegishli ishlov berishda batafsil ma'lumot bera oladigan ajoyib "nam joylar" ni o'z ichiga olgan alohida ahamiyatga ega joylar. Multimedia interaktivi namlangan materiallarni to'g'ri saqlash va parvarish qilish jarayonini yanada tushuntiradi.

Bugungi Janubiy Florida hindulari

Ushbu galereya bugungi kunda Janubiy Florida shtatida yashovchi hind xalqiga bag'ishlangan: Seminole va Mikosuki. Interpretiv panellar ularning tarixi va hayotiy an'analariga bag'ishlangan. Vitrinalarda muzey kollektsiyalaridagi ko'plab qiziqarli narsalar, jumladan, yamoqdan yasalgan kiyimlar, yog'ochdan yasalgan buyumlar, savat, kumush buyumlar va dastlabki Seminole joylaridan topilgan buyumlar mavjud.

Shimoliy-g'arbiy Florida: suv yo'llari va yovvoyi tabiat

Ushbu hudud, mehmonlar Florida panhandle-da g'arbiy tomon sayohat qilganday, turli xil yashash joylari bo'ylab harakatlanishi uchun mo'ljallangan.

Birinchidan, 25 metr (7,6 m) balandlikda o'ralgan va 50 xil o'simlik va hayvonlarni o'z ichiga olgan, baland bo'yli daraxtlardan to o'rmon tagigacha daraxtlar tagigacha bo'lgan devor bilan o'ralgan hamak o'rmon mavjud.

G'or Dikkinson Xollning doimiy eksponati bo'lib, Florida shtatining shimoli-g'arbiy qismida, Marianna Caverns State Park-da topilgan g'orning namunasini namoyish etadi. Foydali qazilmalar haqida ma'lumotlar mavjud, gidrologiya, g'orning hayoti va g'orning ohaktosh qatlamlarida topilgan qoldiqlar.

Ko'za zavodi bog 'ko'rgazmasi atrofdagi botqoq jamoalari namunasida yaratilgan Eglin havo kuchlari bazasi. Sızdırmazlık botqoqlari to'yingan, juda kislotali, qumli tuproq bilan ajralib turadi va past o'sadigan o'simliklar turlari, masalan, o'tlar va go'shtli o'simliklar. Shkalasining o'zgarishi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan ko'rgazma hayotdan kattaroq hajmni namoyish etadi krujka o'simliklari.

Daryo manzarasi 700 yil avval qirg'oqlarda tasvirlangan Apalachicola daryosi, 360 daraja o'rab olingan o'rmon rasmlari bilan. Shuningdek, mahalliy Amerika savdo sahnasi ham mavjud v. Miloddan avvalgi 1300 yilda Fort Uolton madaniyat va Etovax. Shimoliy-G'arbiy Florida daryolari hozirgi kunda yo'q bo'lib ketgan umurtqali hayvonlar turlarining toshga aylangan qoldiqlari bilan to'ldirilgan va ularning namunalari ushbu eksponatda muzey kollektsiyalaridan ko'plab arxeologik va etnografik asarlar bilan ajralib turadi.

Tidal mart marshruti tide botqog'ining nima uchun muhim ekotizim ekanligini va u erda yashash uchun qanday ixtisoslashgan moslashuvlar kerakligini tushuntiradi, chunki o'zgaruvchan suv oqimlari doimo suv va sho'rlanish darajasini o'zgartiradi.

Dengiz qirg'og'idagi diorama to'siqli orollardan qumtepalik yashash joylarini tasvirlaydi Panama shahri ga Pensakola va ko'rsatadi osprey parvoz paytida, muzey kollektsiyalaridan qush uyalari, a kesmasi dengiz toshbaqasi uya va qirg'oq bo'yidagi suv tovushlari.

Ushbu qismdagi yakuniy ko'rgazma poldan to shiftgacha egri chiziqli lagun kassasi bo'lib, unda turli xil harakatsiz intertidal turlarning gelgit zonasida yashash joylarini qanday tabaqalashtirishi tasvirlangan. Dan saqlangan namunalari bo'lgan bankalar Ixtiologiya kollektsiya ushbu yashash joyidagi suyakli baliqlarning xilma-xilligini namoyish etadi.^[10]

Florida yovvoyi gul va kapalaklar bog'i

Ushbu bog 'McGuire markazining g'arbiy tomoni yonida joylashgan. Florida Yovvoyi Gullar Kengashi ushbu bog'ni, unga ilova qilingan risolani va Florida Tabiat tarixi muzeyida yovvoyi gul va kapalakni namoyish qilish uchun mablag 'ajratish uchun Florida yovvoyi gullari litsenziyasi yorlig'i daromadidan mablag' ajratdi. Displeyda to'rtta kapalakning hayotiy tsikllari ko'rsatilgan va ular foydalanadigan o'simliklar to'rt faslda qanday ko'rinishda o'zgarishi tasvirlangan.

Galereyani o'zgartirish

Sue 2002 yilda tashrif buyurgan.

O'zgaruvchan galereya - 4000 kvadrat metr (460 m)²) zalni, shuningdek, Pauell zalida joylashgan bo'lib, u erda mehmonlar joylashgan Megaladon Ko'rgazma, o'tmishni tarash, shokolad, Tibet ko'rgazmasi va Sue The Tyrannosaurus rex va Afrika ichida, ikkalasi ham Dala muzeyi Chikagoda, Il.^[11][12]

2019 yil fevral oyidan boshlab^[yangilash] eksponatlar kiradi Permiya hayvonlari: dinozavrlardan oldingi hayot va Kitlar: dengiz himoyachilari.

Tadqiqot to'plamlari

McGuire markazida joylashgan Lepidoptera kollektsiyasidan tashqari, deyarli barcha tadqiqot to'plamlari Dikkinson Xollda joylashgan.

Lepidoptera

Ushbu kollektsiya, boshqa muzey kollektsiyalaridan farqli o'laroq, McGuire markazida joylashgan. Ushbu bo'lim boshqa to'plamlar va bo'limlar bilan taqqoslaganda nisbatan yangi, ammo ularning tadqiqotlari juda keng.

Mammalogiya

G'arbiy Hindiston manati

1992 yildan beri Dikkinson Xolldagi mammalogiya kollektsiyasi jadal o'sib boradi va kengayib boradi. 1979 yildan 2007 yilgacha kollektsiya ikki baravarga ko'payib, 14000 dan 30000 dan ortiq namunaga etdi. 2002 yildan beri Florida muzeyi Mayami Universitetining turg'unlar kollektsiyasini va AQSh baliq va yovvoyi tabiatni muhofaza qilish xizmatining manatlar to'plamini sotib oldi.

Mammalogiya kollektsiyasida taxminan 30618 kataloglangan va 1000 ga yaqin kataloglanmagan namunalar mavjud. U asosan terilar va bosh suyaklaridan iborat, garchi butun skeletlari 1992 yildan buyon olingan barcha namunalardan tayyorlangan. 205 yirik tanlangan terilar mavjud va 4500, kollektsiyaning taxminan 16% suyuqlikda saqlanib qolgan. To'plamni AQShning janubi-sharqiy qismidan, Karib dengizi, Lotin Amerikasi, Janubiy Amerikadan va Pokistondan kelgan 2600 ta namunadan iborat bo'lgan mayda sutemizuvchilar, asosan kemiruvchilar va ko'rshapalaklar ilgari surmoqda.

310 manatee, delfin va besh yuzdan ortiq kitlardan tashkil topgan dengiz sutemizuvchilar kollektsiyasi mammalogiya kollektsiyasining muhim qismidir. To'plamning katta hajmi bu bilan uzoq muddatli hamkorlik harakatlari natijasidir AQSh milliy biologik xizmati Sireniya tadqiqot loyihasi,^[13] Dengiz sutemizuvchilarning torli tarmog'i,^[14] tadqiqotchilar Devid va Melba Kolduell va Florida shtatidagi Marineland. So'nggi 15 yil ichida sotib olingan va / yoki kataloglangan boshqa yirik to'plamlarga quyidagilar kiradi:

• Florida Barge Kanalidan o'tish to'plam (Florida o'yini va chuchuk suv baliq komissiyasi - 1800 ta kichik sutemizuvchilar)
• Bowen plyaj sichqonlari to'plami, Peromyscus polionotus (Bowen 1968) - 3400
• Archbold biologik stantsiyasidan Jeyms Laynning kichik sutemizuvchilar to'plami (2100).
• Bilan ishtirok etish Florida Panterasi Qayta tiklash dasturi butun AQShda yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan ushbu pastki turlarning yagona muhim to'plamini 50 kishidan kam odam bilan olib keldi.

1989-1994 yillar oralig'ida kollektsiyaning o'rtacha o'sish sur'ati yiliga 640 nusxani, o'tgan 5 yil davomida yiliga 800 nusxani tashkil etadi; Bu so'nggi sutemizuvchilarning Shimoliy Amerika kollektsiyalari tadqiqotida qayd etilganidek, 1972-1979 yillarda yiliga 290 nusxada qayd etilgan o'sishdan ikki baravar ko'pdir. Etim qolgan yoki ehson qilingan kollektsiyalar hisobot qilingan o'sishning taxminan 60% ni tashkil qiladi.

Sutemizuvchilar kollektsiyasi asosan tadqiqot kollektsiyasidir, ammo ushbu asosiy funktsiyadan tashqari keng ko'lamda foydalanishni boshdan kechiradi. U bakalavriat va magistrantlar uchun o'quv qo'llanma sifatida ishlatiladi; yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan turlarni sud ekspertizasi sifatida huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari uchun ma'lumotnomalar to'plami; yirtqich hayvonlarni boqish bo'yicha tadqiqotlar uchun mos yozuvlar to'plami, ya'ni boyo'g'li pelleti va skat tahlillari; zoopark arxeologiyasi va umurtqali hayvonlar paleontologiyasi talabalari va o'qituvchilari uchun taqqoslama material (kranialdan keyingi skelet to'plami). Katta universitetning bir qismi sifatida kollektsiyadan foydalanish turli xil, jumladan biomedikal tadqiqotlar, yovvoyi tabiat stomatologiyasi va hattoki atrof muhitni ifloslantiruvchi moddalarni o'rganish. Florida atrof-muhitiga g'amxo'rlik kuchaygan sari, shtat va federal biologlar tomonidan yashash joylari va turlarining monitoringi kuchaymoqda, natijada Florida shtatida turli shtat va federal idoralar tomonidan sutemizuvchilarning tarixiy va yaqinda tarqalishiga qiziqish ortdi.

Ixtiologiya

Florida Tabiat Tarixi Ixtiologik kollektsiyasi Shimoliy Amerikadagi baliq namunalarining eng muhim o'ninchi o'rni va Amerika Ixtiologlar va Gerpetologlar Jamiyati tomonidan Milliy Markaz reytingi bo'yicha ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi. Ushbu so'rovnoma tugagandan so'ng, 65000 lot Mayami universiteti kollektsiya o'tkazildi va hozirda to'liq to'plamga birlashtirilmoqda.

To'plamning o'zida 197000 dan ortiq kataloglar mavjud, ularning 2.15 million nusxasi mavjud, ular 7000 dan ortiq turlarni aks ettiradi. Bundan tashqari, taxminan 25,000 lot, 250,000 namunalari bo'yicha saralanmagan zaxira mavjud. Kataloglanmagan va ishdan bo'shatilgan materiallarning aksariyati ilgari saqlangan muhim kollektsiyalarni o'tkazish yo'li bilan olingan Milliy dengiz baliqchilik xizmati biologik laboratoriyalar Mayami, Paskagoula, MS, va Mayami universiteti. Hozirda kollektsiyada chuchuk suv va dengiz baliqlarining 325 dan ortiq taksonlarining birlamchi va ikkilamchi turlari mavjud.

The osteologik kollektsiya tarkibida 320 dan ortiq turni ifodalovchi 2500 ta parchalangan skelet mavjud. Skeletlari topildi AQShning janubi-sharqida, Karib dengizi, Markaziy Amerika va shimoliy-g'arbiy Janubiy Amerika ichthyofaunas. 200 dan ortiq turdagi vakillar namunalari tozalangan va bo'yalgan. Radiografiya to'plami va ko'plab shaxslar va tashkilotlarning asl daftarlari, shu jumladan deyarli barchasi uchun stantsiya varaqalari AQSh baliq va yovvoyi tabiatni muhofaza qilish xizmati /Milliy dengiz baliqchilik xizmati va Mayami universiteti tadqiqot kemalari saqlanib qolmoqda.

Baliq kollektsiyasining asosiy kuchli tomonlari taxminiy ahamiyatiga ko'ra (1) g'arbiy va sharqiy Atlantika shelflari va dengiz suvi chuqur baliqlari, (2) g'arbiy Atlantika rif baliqlari, (3) Shimoliy Amerika chuchuk suv baliqlari, ayniqsa AQShning janubi-sharqida va (4) ba'zi qismlaridan chuchuk suv baliqlari Markaziy Amerika, Janubiy Amerika va G'arbiy Hindiston. Yuqoridagilardan (1) va (2) toifalari ahamiyati jihatidan deyarli tengdir.

Dan sotib olingan materiallarning aksariyati Milliy dengiz baliqchilik xizmati Tropik Atlantika Biologik (TABL) kollektsiyasi g'arbiy Atlantika baliqlaridan iborat bo'lib, ular oilalar bilan yaqin qirg'oqlardan sayozlikgacha mo''tadil chuqurlikgacha. Argentinidae, Atherinidae, Balistidae, Batrachoididae, Belonidae, Bothidae, Branchiostomatidae, Kaproida, Carangidae, Clupeidae, Congridae, Sinoglossidae, Dasyatidae, Engraulididae, Exocoetidae, Fundulidae, Gadidae, Gerreidae, Haemulidae, Hemiramphidae, Lutjanidae, Makrouridae, Monakantida, Mugilidae, Ogcocephalidae, Ophichthidae, Ophidiidae, Paralichthyidae, Peristediidae, Priacanthidae, Rajiidae, Sciaenidae, Scombridae, Serranidae, Scorpaenidae, Scyliorhinidae, Soleidae, Sparidae, Sphyraenidae, Stromateidae, Squalidae, Syngnathidae, Sinodontidae, Tetraodontidae va Triglidae eng keng tarqalgan. Ushbu to'plamlar muzey xodimlarining dala faoliyati va so'nggi 20 yil ichida qilingan xayriya mablag'lari bilan sezilarli darajada ko'paytirildi. Dan Sharqiy Atlantika kollektsiyalari Gvineya ko'rfazi juda ko'p miqdorda mavjud. Milliy dengiz baliqchilik xizmati Pasagoula laboratoriyasi va Mayami Universitetidan sotib olingan g'arbiy Atlantika kollektsiyalari, odatda, chuqurroqdir va muzeyning eng qimmatbaho manbalarini aks ettiradi. Chuqur suv angilliform, qizil ikra, stomiiform, aulopiform, miktofiform va ofidiiform oilalar, ayniqsa, yaxshi vakili. Ba'zi oilalar uchun, ya'ni. searsiidae, alepocephalidae, bu to'plamlar g'arbiy Atlantika mintaqasidan eng yaxshi Shimoliy Amerika xoldingi orasida bo'lishi mumkin.

G'arbiy Atlantika rifidagi baliqlar mavjud bo'lgan eng muhimlardan biri bo'lib, quyidagi geografik hududlar eng ko'p to'plangan: Florida, Bagama orollari, Providensiya oroli, Kayman orollari, Virgin orollari va Kichik Antil orollari. Rif baliqlari kollektsiyasining kichik soni Puerto-Riko, Yamayka, Sombrero oroli, boshqa Kichik Antil orollari orollar, Janubiy Amerikaning shimoliy qismidagi kontinental orollar, Braziliya va Ko'tarilish oroli. Kerolinalar atrofidagi juda ko'p sonli rif baliqlari mavjud. Taqdim etilgan asosiy rif guruhlariga quyidagilar kiradi Acanthuridae, Antenariidae, Apogonidae, Blenniidae, Chaenopsidae, Chaetodontidae, Klinikalar, Daktiloskopida, Gobiesocidae, Gobiidae, Grammistidae, Haemulidae, Holocentridae, Kifosidae, Labrida, Lutjanidae, Mullidae, Muraenidae, Ostraciidae, Opistognathidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, Scaridae, Serranidae va Tripterygidae. Sharqiy Tinch okeanidagi rif kollektsiyalari janubdagi Pearl orollaridan Ekvadorgacha mavjud. Shuningdek, xodimlar kollektsiyasi tomonidan olingan va xayriya mablag'lari hisobidan olingan Hind-Tinch okeani rif baliqlarining juda ko'p soni mavjud Bishop muzeyi va Milliy tabiiy tarix muzeyi. Kosta-Rika va Panamaning Karib dengizi qirg'og'idan 200 dan ortiq qirg'oq va estuarin kollektsiyalari tayyorlangan.

Muzeyda dunyo bo'ylab elasmobranchlar, xususan, skaloid akulalar, so'nggi 15 yil ichida juda tez o'sdi va muhim xalqaro manba hisoblanadi. Taniqli vakili bo'lgan boshqa elasmobranch guruhlari kiradi Carcharhinidae, Dasyatidae, Gymnuridae, Myliobatidae, Rajidae, Rinobatidae, Scyliorhinidae, Sphyrnidae, Squatinidae, Torpedinidae va Triakidae.

Chuchuk suvdagi baliqlar AQShning janubi-sharqidan, xususan, Florida shtatidan eng katta baliqdir. Bundan tashqari, butun Shimoliy Amerikadan chuchuk suv turlarining iloji boricha to'liq taksonomik va geografik qamrovini olishga harakat qilingan. Natijada, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va Kanadadagi chuchuk suv baliqlarining 90 foizidan ko'prog'i kollektsiyada namoyish etilgan. Eng yaxshi vakillar - bu a'zolar Katostomidae, Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Elassomatidae, Fundulidae, Iktaluridae, Lepisosteidae, Perkida, Petromyzontidae va Poeciliidae. Boliviya, Venesuela, Kolumbiya, Hispaniola, Gvatemala, Panama va Kosta-Rikadan chuchuk suv baliqlari hozirda kollektsiyada mo''tadil va ko'p miqdorda namoyish etilgan. Florida Tabiat tarixi muzeyining Hispaniolan zaxiralari noyobdir va Venesuela xazinalari doimiy ravishda o'sib boradi. Charakoid, gimnotoid va siluroid oilalari, cichlids va poeciliidlarning keng spektri ayniqsa yaxshi namoyish etilgan

Malakologiya

Yo'lbarsning yuqori salyangozining qobig'i, Kalliostoma yo'lbarsi, Yangi Zelandiyadan.

The mollyuska kollektsiya muzeyning birinchi direktori T. van Xaynning sa'y-harakatlari bilan boshlangan va kichik bo'lgan va 1965 yilgacha asosan mahalliy taksonlardan tashkil topgan. 1973 yilda mollyuskalar kolleksiyasi 22 174 ta katalogdan tashkil topgan va AQShda 19-o'rinni egallagan. To'plam shu vaqtdan beri tez-tez o'sib bordi, ko'plab tadqiqotlar va voz kechilgan kollektsiyalarni sotib olish orqali. 2000 yildan beri, Malakologiya molluskan bo'lmagan dengiz umurtqasizlarining tobora ko'payib borayotgan to'plamiga mezbonlik qildi. Mollyuskalarning 100000 ga yaqin turi ma'lum bo'lib, kollektsiyada 400000 ko'plab namunalar orasida 30000 dan ortiq tur mavjud. Hozir 300 mingdan ortiq lotlar ma'lumotlar bazasiga ega va Internetda mavjud. To'plam AQShdagi eng yirik beshlik qatoriga kiradi va eng tez o'sib boradigan to'plamlardan biridir. Bu dunyodagi mollyusklarning kollektsiyasiga onlayn kirish imkoniyati bo'yicha ikkinchi o'rinda turadi.

To'plam ayniqsa mintaqaviy taksilarda kuchli. Malakologiya AQShning janubi-sharqidagi quruqlikdagi va chuchuk suvli mollyuskalarning eng yirik to'plamlaridan biriga ega. Umumiy dengiz mollyuskalari kataloglangan mahsulotlarning 38 foizini tashkil qiladi; chuchuk suv turlari 18% va quruqlikdagi taksonlar 44% ni tashkil qiladi. Gastropodlar 83%, ikkilamchi suyaklar 16%, qolgan barcha mollyuskalar sinflari kollektsiyaning <1% ni tashkil qiladi. To'plamning to'rtdan uch qismi G'arbiy yarim shardan, 18% tropik Avstraliya va uning atrofidagi Tinch okeani va Hind okeanidagi orollardan. Mollyusk kollektsiyasi quruqlikda, chuchuk suvda va dengiz mollyuskalarida noyob kuchli tomonlarga ega. Muzey dunyodagi eng yirik salyangoz kolleksiyasiga Hispaniola, Meksika-Markaziy Amerika, Pokiston va Tailand Qo'shma Shtatlarning janubi-sharqidan, ayniqsa, katta xazinalarga ega, G'arbiy Hindiston, And Janubiy Amerika, Madagaskar, Janubi-sharqiy Osiyo va Okeaniya. Chuchuk suvli mollyuskalar kollektsiyalari AQShning janubi-sharqida, Meksika, Markaziy Amerika, And Janubiy Amerika va Filippinlar. G'arbiy Atlantika va Hind-G'arbiy Tinch okeanining yirik subtropik va tropik xoldingi dengiz kollektsiyasini xarakterlaydi va tropik dengiz kollektsiyalari jadal o'sib bormoqda. Ushbu kuchli tomonlar muzeyning avvalgi mintaqaviy yo'nalishini va kuratorlarning tadqiqot yo'nalishini aks ettiradi: O'rta Amerika va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodagi quruqlikdagi va chuchuk suvli mollyuskalar hamda tropik dengiz mollyuskalari.

Botanika va Florida gerbariysi

Everglades milliy bog'i yilda Florida janubi

Botanika kollektsiyasi - bu Florida shtati va janubi-sharqiy qirg'oq tekisligi, shu jumladan 19-asrga oid mo'l-ko'l materiallarni qon tomirlari florasining ajoyib vakili. Briofit va liken kollektsiyalari Florida va tropik mintaqalarni, ayniqsa Kosta-Rika, Venesuela va Braziliyani qamrab oladi. Qo'ziqorin gerbariysi Florida zamburug'lari, ayniqsa, agariklar va poliporalar eksponatlari bo'lib, o'rmon kolleksiyasi butun dunyoda tropik ahamiyatga ega. Birlamchi qo'shilish muzeydagi botanika kollektsiyasining jami fondini millionga yaqin yarmiga etkazadi.

E'tiborga loyiq qo'shimchalar qatoriga 5000 ga yaqin AA Kutbert gerbariysi, Florida shtat muzeyining o'simlik xoldingi (4711 ta namunalar, shu jumladan SC Hoodning gerbariysi), yana bir necha ming SC Hood kollektsiyalari, 15770 ta liken, jigar jigarlari va moxlar Severin tomonidan to'plangan. Rapp, wood blocks and vouchers of American wood and economic trees from the New York State School of Forestry, George E. Ritchey specimens from the US Plant Introduction Garden, Edward and Robert P. St. John Florida ferns, innumerable West and Arnold collections and those received through inter-institutional exchange. The herbarium also benefited from the prominent studies of H. Harold Hume (Zephyranthes, Ilex, and Camellia) and William A. Murrill (Crataegus and fungi) and in 1989 Angus K. Gholson, Jr. donated his entire herbarium (15,000 specimens), library and related equipment and supplies. This is an excellent collection especially rich in its representation of the flora of the Florida Panhandle.^[15]

Gerpetologiya

Amerika timsoli

With approximately 202,000 specimens, the herpetology collection is estimated to be the 9th largest in the US. Its skeletal collection, with more than 11,000 disarticulated skeletons and a small number of cleared and stained specimens, is 5th largest. An average of 3,800 specimens a year are catalogued. The collection contains 60 holotiplar and 919 paratiplar representing 176 taxa. Additional taxa are in the process of being described.

Though worldwide in scope, the collection contains approximately 2,300 species from the Neotropiklar, 600 from Asia, 390 from the Nearctic, 350 from Africa, 275 from the Palearctic, and 220 from Australia/Oceania. Large holdings of land tortoises and varanid lizards resulted from Valter Auffenberg 's research, and his work on the Herpetology of Pakistan produced the world's largest Pakistan collection. Large numbers of sea turtles came from Archie Carr and his students. Wayne King's surveys of Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Guyana, assembled the largest collection of Latin American crocodilians. Sizable collections of Kinosternid turtles were donated by John Iverson, softshells by Peter Meylan, and Panama amphibians and reptiles by the late Howard W. Campbell. Samuel R. Telford, Jr., provided extensive collections from Japan, Burma, Panama, Venezuela, Tanzania, and Pakistan, and smaller numbers from Zaire, Thailand and the Philippines. Recorded vocalizations of 46 species of amphibians and 20 species of reptiles are catalogued in the museum's Bioacoustic Archives.

Ornitologiya

The Florida shtab-kvartirasi is found only in Florida.

The recent bird skeleton collection of 24,500 specimens, representing about 3,000 species, is approximately fifth largest in the world in number of specimens and species. In 1992, the museum received the recent bird skeleton collection assembled by Prof. Pierce Brodkorb of the Florida universiteti kafedrasi Zoologiya. The skeleton collection has grown by 140% since 2002. It contains specimens from 47 U.S. states and 103 countries.

The largest collections by state:

The top ten countries are:

Taxonomically the collection ranges across the class Aves, representing 23 orders, 128 families, and 950 genera.

The bird skin collection contains approximately 20,500 specimens representing at least 2,300 species. These are mostly study skins, but in recent years the division has prepared a large proportion of new specimens as flat skins or spread wings with associated skeletons. In 1992, the division also received a collection of approximately 3,000 skins. The skin collection has grown by 23% in the last five years. Also wide-ranging taxonomically, it represents 27 orders, 129 families, and 850 genera. Rarities include skins of ivory-billed woodpeckers va yo'q bo'lib ketgan dusky seaside sparrows, yo'lovchi kaptarlar va Karolina parakeets.

The egg collection, consisting of 10,400 sets representing 733 species, is 11th largest in North America in number of sets and 15th largest in number of species. It represents approximately 90% of the species and subspecies of North American birds. The egg collection has grown by 1% in the last five years. It is cataloged in a card file that includes original collectors' data slips or page references to the collector's field notes. Especially well represented are sets from New England and Florida. The collection is rich in sets of raptor eggs, including kal burgutlar, ospreys, keng qanotli qirg'iylar, qizil yelkali qirg'iylar, northern caracaras, Amerika karavotlari, the Florida races of seaside sparrows and clapper rails. Rarities include sets of passenger pigeon, Carolina parakeet, and Baxmanning jangovari tuxum.

The bird sound collection, in the museum Bioacoustic Archives, with 20,500 cataloged recordings representing about 3,000 species, is the fourth largest in the world in number of species. In the Western Hemisphere it is the second largest in number of species and third largest in number of recordings. The sound collection is completely cataloged in an electronic database, and the sound recordings themselves were digitized over a five-year period beginning in 2009 with help from $446,000 National Science Foundation grant. The sound recordings are available online.

Geographical strengths include North America, especially Florida, and the Neotropics, with smaller but notable numbers of recordings from Africa, Australia, and Southeast Asia. Some taxonomic groups especially well represented are qalamli, trogonlar, qarag'aylar, chumchuqlar, New World flycatchers, Wrens, New World wood warblers, and koridlar.

Umurtqali hayvonlar paleontologiyasi

A Kolumbiyalik mamont in the Main Gallery of the Florida Museum of Natural History.

The FLMNH vertebrate fossil collections feature rich samples of all vertebrate classes, mainly from the Cenozoic Era. Included are about 400,000 specimens. Holotypes number about 200 specimens. The FLMNH vertebrate fossil collections also include the former Florida Geological Survey Collection and the UF Department of Zoology Fossil Bird Collection. Each of these collections is maintained in a separate catalog, under the acronyms UF/FGS and UF/PB, respectively. The FLMNH collections provide the most complete basis available for study of Cenozoic vertebrate paleontology in the southeastern United States and the Caribbean Basin.

History of the Vertebrate Paleontology Collections

University of Florida (UF) Collection

The UF collection currently contains about 385,000 specimens assigned to over 234,000 unique catalogue numbers and over 150 holotypes. The UF collection has experienced rapid, sometimes explosive, growth since the 1950s and now ranks in the top five nationally in terms of total catalogued specimens. Consistent with our museum's mission as the official repository for Florida's natural history specimens, about 90 percent of this collection comes from about 1,000 separate localities throughout Florida. A particular strength of the UF collection is the extraordinary array of land-animals from the past 25 million years in Florida, forming the best record documenting the evolution of ancient vertebrate life in eastern North America over this interval. Other major strengths of the UF collection include extensive holdings from Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Cayman Islands, Jamaica, and other Caribbean islands, fossils from Central and South America (especially Bolivia, Honduras, and Panama), and specimens from the late Eocene to Oligocene "Badlands" of western Nebraska. On-going field work begun by our new curator Jonathan Bloch in 2004 will over time produce a significant collection of Paleocene and early Eocene vertebrates from basins in Wyoming and Montana.

A giant ground sloth skeleton from the Florida Fossil Hall.

Prior to 1953, the UF collection consisted of only a few hundred specimens, mostly acquired through public donation, and of little scientific value. Beginning in 1953, serious fossil prospecting began at the University of Florida, initially led by Robert S. Bader and Walter A. Auffenberg, both then members of the Department of Biology. Clayton Ray became the museum's first curator of vertebrate paleontology in 1959. He left in 1963 to take a position at the Smithsonian. Recognizing the importance of vertebrate paleontology in Florida, in 1964 museum director J. C. Dickinson hired two vertebrate paleontology curators, S. David Webb and Thomas H. Patton. Together they quickly moved the museum's research program to the forefront of the field, symbolized by their hosting in Gainesville the prestigious annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in the fall of 1964, the first time this meeting had been held in the Southeastern United States. Patton left in the mid-1970s to pursue a career in the legal profession, and was replaced in 1977 by Bruce J. MacFadden. Webb retired in 2003, and Jonathan I. Bloch was hired to fill the vacant curator position. Since 1964 the FLMNH VP curators have mentored many dozens of graduate students, produced numerous books, monographs, and research papers, and directed field operations in Florida, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and the western U.S. Another important feat was the creation of the Florida Paleontological Society and the forming of a strong bond between the professional paleontologists at the museum and the amateur fossil collectors throughout the state of Florida. Although technically curators in other museum divisions, Walter Auffenberg (Herpetology) and Charles A. Woods (Mammalogy) both had research interests that included paleontology and helped build the collection.

In addition to the curators, other full-time staff at the FLMNH have made significant contributions to the UF collections. The first fossil preparator was Howard H. Converse, who worked at the museum from the late 1960s through the mid-1980s. He was followed by Russell McCarty,^[16] who retired in 2006. Jason Bourque is the current vertebrate paleontology preparator and studies fossil and living turtles. Gary S. Morgan was collections manager from 1981 through 1993, and oversaw the curation of massive numbers of specimens from the Love Bone Bed, Thomas Farm, Leisey Shell Pit, Bone Valley, Haiti, and elsewhere. He was replaced by Marc Frank (1994–1998) and Richard C. Hulbert (2000–present).

Florida Geological Survey Collection

The Florida Geological Survey fossil vertebrate collection (FGS) was started during the 1910s and was originally housed in Tallahassee. Under the direction of E. H. Sellards, Herman Gunter, and S. J. Olsen, the FGS collection was the primary source of fossil vertebrate descriptions from Florida until the early 1960s. World-renowned paleontologists such as George G. Simpson, Edwin H. Colbert, and Henry F. Osborn wrote scientific papers about specimens in the FGS collection in addition to Sellards and Olsen. In 1976 the entire FGS fossil vertebrate collection was transferred to the Florida Museum of Natural History with support from a National Science Foundation grant. The UF/FGS collection is composed of about 22,000 specimens assigned to about 10,000 catalogue numbers, and almost all of them were collected in Florida. The majority of specimens in the UF/FGS collection are mammals, followed by reptiles, birds, and a relatively small number of amphibians and fish. Although there are some sites that are unique to the UF/FGS collection, many of the sites overlap with holdings in the main UF and UF/PB collections. The major strengths of the UF/FGS collection are historically important samples from the early Miocene Thomas Farm locality, the middle Miocene and early Pliocene deposits of the Bone Valley Region, Polk County, and from the late Pleistocene Vero locality, Indian River County.

Pierce Brodkorb Collection

The Pierce Brodkorb Collection (UF/PB) was amassed by Professor Brodkorb of the University of Florida over his career as one of the world's foremost experts on fossil birds. His heirs donated his extensive collections of modern bird skeletons and fossil birds to the Florida Museum of Natural History in 1992. The modern skeletons are housed by the museum's Ornithology collection. Brodkorb's fossil bird collection was curated and computer cataloged with support from the National Science Foundation. The UF/PB collection is composed of about 8,500 cataloged specimens and includes 42 holotypes. About 85 per cent of the UF/PB specimens were collected in Florida, and range in age from early Miocene to latest Pleistocene. Other large holdings are Pleistocene birds from Bermuda and the Bahamas.

Arxeologiya

Atrof-muhit arxeologiyasi

The Environmental Archaeology Program (EAP) of the Florida Museum was established by Dr. Elizabeth Wing in the early 1960s (as the Zooarchaeology collection) and was curated by her until her retirement in 2001.^[17] The EAP collections include archaeological animal, plant, and soil materials that represent 14,000 years of human-environmental relationships in the early circum-Caribbean Americas (including the SE USA, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America). The collections are strongest in zoological specimens (modern comparative and zooarchaeological), but since the 1990s have grown to include significant holdings of both archaeobotanical/botanical and archaeopedological materials.^[18] Environmental archaeology, a subdiscipline of anthropology, reconstructs the long relationship between people and environments using biotic (animal and plant) and abiotic (geological) remains from archaeological sites. The EAP researchers focus on integrated analyses that explore every aspect of that relationship, from the environmental conditions during human occupation, to human use of and impact on natural resources, to human perceptions and symbolic interpretations of aspects of the plants, animals, and landscapes of their environments.^[19]

Caribbean Archaeology

Arowak woman (Jon Gabriel Stedman )

The Caribbean Archeology Program Collection was founded in 1960 by Dr. Ripley P. Bullen. The program is based around one of the largest systematic collections of pre-Columbian artifacts in North America. What the collection lacks in size is compensated for by its diversity. The collection contains systematic collections from sites on the islands of Antigua, Aruba, Bagama orollari, Barbados, Kyurasao, Dominika Respublikasi, Grenada, Gvadelupa, Gayana, Gaiti, Yamayka, Mari-Galante, Martinika, Puerto-Riko, Sent-Lusiya, Sent-Martin, Sent-Vinsent va Grenadinlar, Surinam, Tobago, Trinidad, Turklar va Kaykos, AQSh Virjiniya orollari va Venesuela, each collection has accompanying documentation.

The "Bullen" collection was recently re-inventoried and reorganized. During this reorganization, type collections; composed of all the artifacts illustrated in Bullen's publications, were also created. These collection catalogs, which are based on the tables published in the Bullens' reports, are available for all of the islands and sites represented in the collection. Presently a map of the West Indies and a list of the islands and the sites represented in the collection are available to the public.

The collection includes artifacts recovered during excavations directed by Dr. Charles A. Hoffman, Jr. on the islands of Antigua and St. Kitts, a study collection derived from the excavations directed by Dr. Kathleen A. Deagan from the sites of En Bas Saline and Puerto Réal, Haiti, a collection of important artifacts donated by Mr. Leon Wilder that were surface collected from sites in Grenada and a number of artifacts recovered from sites in Jamaica and Grenada that were recently donated by Mr. Geoffrey Senior.

Survey and excavation projects are an integral part of the Caribbean Archeology Program. Since 1987, research teams from the museum have undertaken surveys and excavations in Antigua, the Bahamas, Grand Cayman, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Ceramic Technology Laboratory

The Ceramic Technology Laboratory was established in 1977 under the direction of Dr. Prudence Rice, then UF professor of Anthropology. Pottery analysis plays an integral role in archaeological research at the museum as it constitutes the predominant material remaining at most archaeological sites investigated by museum curators. In addition pottery constitutes a very significant proportion of the Anthropology collections. The Ceramic Technology Laboratory is equipped for basic paste characterization studies: binocular microscope for gross identification of jahl or paste constituents; a petrographic microscope for precise mineral identification in thin section; an electric furnace used for refiring experiments and for comparative investigation of clay samples collected from the vicinity of archaeological sites. Analysis of physical and mineralogical properties of the pottery are undertaken to provide precise data to address research questions regarding chronology, provenience or manufacturing origins, processes of production, culture change, and the development of social and economic complexity in prehistoric Florida, the Southeastern US, and the Caribbean Basin. The department is committed to the continuance of this research program as the capacity for in-house specialized analysis of pottery enhances the competitiveness for research grants.

The Ceramic Technology Laboratory houses an extensive pottery type collection of prehistoric and historic period aboriginal pottery from Florida and the Southeastern U.S. The Florida materials represent type specimens assembled by Ripley Bullen, Jon Goggin, and Gordon Willey, pioneers of Florida archeology. The type collections serve as a primary comparative resource for museum scientists, graduate students, and visiting researchers. The Ceramic Technology Laboratory also curates fragments of pottery samples used in paste characterization studies.

Florida arxeologiyasi

Bernard Pikart copper plate engraving of Florida Indians, c. 1721 "Cérémonies et Coutumes Religieuses de tous les Peuples du Monde"

The Florida Archeology Collection includes artifacts spanning 12,000 years of human history in the Southeast. While the focus of this collection is on Florida, some materials from Georgia and other localities are included. These items are curated as a tangible record of the people who have made Florida their home. The Florida Archeology Collections come from Central and North Florida and the Panhandle regions. All counties including and north of Sarasota, De Soto, Hardee, Polk, Osceola, and Indian River counties are included in this collection. Exceptions to this rule are sites situated within Colonial St. Augustine and historical sites with no pre-Columbian material present, collections from these locales are included in the Historical Archaeology Collections. Counties to the south are part of the South Florida Archeology Collections. Information concerning policies associated with our collections are found below.

The Excavated Collections include all archaeological materials that have been excavated using systematic recovery techniques. While recovery techniques vary depending on the project, site, and supervising archaeologist, all of these collections have associated provenience data. Documentation such as field notes, maps, and photographs are often available with the collection.Below is a select list of sites in the Florida Archeology Collections.

Abraham's Old Town

Abraham's Old Town or Pilaklikaha is a multicomponent site in Sumter okrugi. The site includes a ceramic period occupation (Pasco and Sand-Tempered Plain) and possibly a preceramic component. The site's significance is its identification as Pilaklikaha, a town inhabited by Qora Seminoles 19-asrning boshlarida.^[20] The collection includes lithics, ceramics (both European and Seminole), glass beads, trade pipe fragments, bottle glass, brick, cut nails and other metal fragments recovered during excavations from 1998–2001.

Aucilla River Prehistory Project

The collection contains prehistoric lithic, bone and mammoth ivory tools, ceramics, historic materials, plant remains, and Pleystotsen va Golotsen fossils from assorted sites along the Aucilla River. Notable items in this collection include the fossilized bones of Pleistocene animals exhibiting butcher and cut marks, numerous stone Paleoindian projectile points, and carved ivory shafts.

Bolen Bluff

Bolen Bluff is a multicomponent site located south of Paynes Prairie. The site was excavated by Ripley Bullen in 1949. Large portions of the site were destroyed and used for fill during highway construction. The collections include numerous stone points and tools including: Suwannee, Bolen, Arredondo, and Pinellas points, as well as: stone adzes, hoes, drills, and scrapers. Pottery types span the entire range of ceramic periods in the area: Orange, Transitional, Deptford, Weeden Island, St. Johns, and Alachua.

de Soto Survey

The de Soto archaeological survey project was conducted from 1986–1991 to locate and identify early Spanish-Indian contact period sites in north Florida. The six surveys identified or revisited over 750 archaeological sites in 15 counties (Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Gilchrist, Lafayette, Madison, Marion, Putnam, Sumter, Suwannee, and Union). Some of the major sites identified and excavated were: the location of the Spanish mission at Fig Springs, the Spanish mission of Santa Fe and the Indian Pond site.

McKeithen Site

The McKeithen Site is a Viden oroli (AD 200-900) site in Columbia County excavated during the late 1970s. The site is composed of a village area and three mounds. The collections from the site include an excellent variety of Weeden Island ceramics, including numerous whole or almost whole vessels from different areas of the site. The collections also include a variety of stone points and tools, grinding stones, mica, and some faunal and floral remains.

Richardson Site

The Richardson Site is a Potano Indian village near Apelsin ko'li that dates from the late pre-Columbian and early Spanish mission period. The site provides us with valuable information on Potano houses and early Spanish missionization. Collections include a large collection of Alachua pottery, lithics, glass beads, wrought nails, and faunal material. It may be the site of the town of Potano visited by the Ernando de Soto expedition, and of the early 17th century mission of San-Buenaventura-de-Potano.^[21]

Spanish Mission collections

The collections from Spanish mission sites are an important part of the Florida archaeological collections. The Florida Archeology curates large collections from 11 mission sites: Baptizing Spring, Fox Pond, Santa Fe, Fig Springs, Indian Pond, Scott Miller, San Juan, Beatty, Blue Bead and Baldree and the sites on Ameliya oroli. There are also numerous other Spanish mission period sites associated with missions or haciendas, including: Moon Lake, Richardson, Zetrouer, Carlisle, and Peacock Lake.

Tetxam Mound

Tatham Mound is a Safety Harbor culture mound located near the Withlacoochee daryosi in Citrus County. The site was also in use at the time of the Soto entrada as evidenced by numerous Spanish artifacts dating to mid-16th century. The collections include Safety Harbor ceramic vessels, Pinellas points and other lithic tools, and many shell artifacts: gorget, celt, dippers, and beads. Spanish artifacts include: metal beads and pendants, Nueva Cadiz and other glass beads, and metal artifacts including chisels, spikes, and armor fragments.

Donated private collections

Private collections donated by individuals and families represent an important aspect of the Florida Archeology collections. These collections include provenanced artifacts from all over Florida and a limited amount of material from other areas of North America. Many of these collections are from well-known sites and are valuable sources of exhibit quality artifacts and research collections. These collections range in size from small surface collections from single sites to collections that cover large portions of the state and include thousands of artifacts.A representative sample of donated private collections curated at the museum includes the following collections organized by family name.

Bullen Projectile Point tipologiyasi to'plami

The Ripley Bullen Projectile Point Type Collection is the original assortment of artifacts archeologist Ripley P. Bullen used to create the first formal point typology for Florida in 1967. Bullen's typology was revised in 1975 and published as A Guide to the Identification of Florida Projectile Points. This collection is curated as an original reference collection for visiting researchers and the general public.

Osteological collections

Human osteological collections curated at the Florida Museum of Natural History include skeletal remains from pre-Columbian and historic archaeological sites across Florida, Georgia, and several localities in the Caribbean. These collections are maintained for research and teaching purposes. Access to these collections is limited to the academic community and professionals in the private sector involved in scholarly research.

Tarixiy arxeologiya

The historical archaeology collections of the Florida Museum of Natural History consists of more than 2 million excavated specimens from more than 100 sites throughout Florida and Latin America. They include the largest known systematic collection of Spanish colonial archaeological specimens in the country, representing sites of domestic, military, religious and commercial sites dating from 1492 through the 19th century.

The collection also incorporates archaeological specimens from a variety of non-Spanish 18th- and 19th-century sites, including homesteads, plantations, trading posts, forts and towns.

In addition to systematic collections resulting form excavation, the Historical Archeology Department also maintains extensive collections of type specimens, comparative specimens and published specimens for historical archeology. The materials span the period of 1493–1900, and are used extensively as a reference collection, a comparative collection and a teaching collection.

The St. Augustine Collections

The materials from St. Augustine, Florida (1565–present) were generated by systematic archaeological excavations from a forty-year period (1959–1999) on 33 Spanish colonial, British colonial, African American, American Indian and post-colonial sites in St. Augustine, Florida. They include more than 1 million items of glass, metals, stone, shell and bone. They are curated jointly by the University of Florida, the Florida Division of Historical Resources and the City of St. Augustine at the museum.

The Latin American Collections

Some of the earliest historical archaeology collections in the region are found in our collection. John Goggin's ambitious program of historical archeology during the 1940s and 1950s generated a large collection of materials from sites throughout the Caribbean and Central America. His collaborations with such researchers as Emile Boyrie of the Dominican Republic, José Cruxent of Venezuela and Irving Rouse of Yale additionally resulted in the exchange of smaller comparative collections from throughout the region.

Excavations in Haiti conducted by Charles Fairbanks and Kathleen Deagan between 1979 and 1988 also generated two large Historic-era collections that are being curated at the Florida Museum of Natural History on behalf of the Haitian government.

The Historical Florida Collections

In addition to the collections from St. Augustine and Latin America, the Historical Archeology collections also include materials excavated from a variety of towns, missions, plantations and forts in Florida and the southeastern United States.

Izohlar

Tashqi havolalar

The front hallway entrance to the Florida Museum of Natural History.

• Florida Tabiat tarixi muzeyi
• McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity
• Butterfly Rainforest
• Randell tadqiqot markazi
• Curtis Phillips Center for the Performing Arts
• Samuel P. Xarn nomidagi san'at muzeyi