Jovanni Turini - Giovanni Turini

Jovanni Turini (1841 yil 23-may - 1899-yil 27-avgust) - amerikalik haykaltarosh Verona, Italiya. U 1860-yillarning oxirlarida AQShga ko'chib kelgan. U eng yaxshi portret va tarixiy haykaltarosh sifatida esga olinadi.^[1]

Uning portret büstü Juzeppe Mazzini U 1876 yilda yaratgan va 1878 yilda bag'ishlangan Nyu-Yorkdagi italiyalik amerikaliklar tomonidan moliyalashtirilgan va shaharda jamoat haykalining dastlabki namunalaridan biri bo'lgan.^[2]

Bilan xizmat qilgan Turini Juzeppe Garibaldi 1866 yilda Italiyaning Avstriya bilan urushi paytida ko'ngilli sifatida Garibaldi haykalini yaratdi Vashington maydonidagi park 1888 yilda.^[3] Dastlab uning haykali uchta figurali guruhning bir qismi sifatida ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, Garibaldi tosh ustida turgan. Ammo prognoz qilingan xarajatlardan ancha yuqori bo'lgan barcha loyihani amalga oshirish uchun mablag 'etarli emasligi aniqlandi, shuning uchun Turini chet elda bo'lganida dizayni o'zgartirildi va Garibaldi etarlicha standart poydevor ustiga qo'yildi. Ma'lum bo'lishicha, haykalning oyoqlari poydevorda to'g'ri turishi kerak edi, chunki uning dizayni va notekis yuzaga joylashtirilishi uchun uning oyoqlari joyini o'zgartirishi kerak edi, bu Turinining aybdorlarni "shafqatsiz amputatorlar" va Nyu-York Tayms yozishicha "" O'zgarishni taklif qilgan odam Garibaldi Italiya koloniyasidagi do'stlari bilan Garibaldi baribir vafot etgani to'g'risida bahslashdi va u e'tiroz bildirmasligini aytdi, chunki jamoat bir kun kelib uning hayvoni borligini anglab etishi mumkin edi. qo'lidagi haykal. "^[4]

Uning haykali uchun topshirilishi Simon Bolivar chunki Nyu-York tomonidan "qat'iyan rad etilgan" Milliy Haykaltaroshlik Jamiyati taxminan 1899 yilda.^[5] Yakunda komissiya taqdirlandi Salli Jeyms Farnxem.^[6]

Turinining nabirasi rassom va muralist edi Verona Burxard.

Tanlangan asarlar

Juzeppe Mazzini, Markaziy Park, Nyu-York, Nyu-York, 1878 yil
Juzeppe Garibaldi, Vashington maydonidagi park, Nyu-York, Nyu-York, 1888
Evangeline, Jersi Siti muzeyi, Jersi Siti, Nyu-Jersi 1888 ^[7]

Adabiyotlar

^ Frid, Frederik va Edmund V. Gillon, kichik, Nyu-Yorkdagi fuqarolik haykalchasi: Tasviriy qo'llanma, Dover Publications, Nyu-York, 1976 p. 172
^ Stern Robert AM, Tomas Mellins va Devid Fishman, Nyu-York 1880: Oltin oltin davridagi me'morchilik va shaharsozlik, Montacelli Press, Nyu-York, 1999, 104-bet
^ https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/washington-square-park/monuments/571
^ http://daytoninmanhattan.blogspot.com/2010/08/atrocious-garibaldi-statue-washington.html
^ http://thehistorybox.com/ny_city/nycity_art_monument_bolivar_article00208.htm
^ https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/central-park/monuments/132
^ http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=14J92195A40L1.52&profile=ariall&uri=link=3100006~!212998~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=tr&ur=tor&ri=tor&t= % 2C + Giovanni% 2C + 1841-1899% 2C + haykaltarosh. & Indeks = Muallif

[1] Frid, Frederik va Edmund V. Gillon, kichik, Nyu-Yorkdagi fuqarolik haykalchasi: Tasviriy qo'llanma, Dover Publications, Nyu-York, 1976 p. 172

[2] Stern Robert AM, Tomas Mellins va Devid Fishman, Nyu-York 1880: Oltin oltin davridagi me'morchilik va shaharsozlik, Montacelli Press, Nyu-York, 1999, 104-bet

[3] ttps://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/washington-square-park/monuments/571

[4] ttp://daytoninmanhattan.blogspot.com/2010/08/atrocious-garibaldi-statue-washington.html

[5] ttp://thehistorybox.com/ny_city/nycity_art_monument_bolivar_article00208.htm

[6] ttps://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/central-park/monuments/132

[7] ttp://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=14J92195A40L1.52&profile=ariall&uri=link=3100006~!212998~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=tr&ur=tor&ri=tor&t= % 2C + Giovanni% 2C + 1841-1899% 2C + haykaltarosh. & Indeks = Muallif

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