Xaynan - Hainan

Boshqa maqsadlar uchun qarang Xaynan (ajralish).
Xaynan viloyati

海南 省
Viloyat
Ism transkripsiyasi
 • Xitoy海南 省 (Xinan Shěng)
 • QisqartirishSalom / 琼 (pinyin : Qióng; Jyutping : shoh4; Pehh-le-jī : kxng)
 • HaynanHai-nam-séng
 • Yue JyutpingHoi2 Naam4 Saang2
Sanya Nanshan Dongtian bog'ining manzarasi
Sanya Nanshan Dongtian bog'ining manzarasi
Xaynan orolining joylashishini ko'rsatadigan xarita
Xaynan provintsiyasining asosiy tarkibiy qismi bo'lgan Xaynan orolining joylashishini ko'rsatuvchi xarita
Koordinatalari: 19 ° 12′N 109 ° 42′E / 19,2 ° N 109,7 ° E / 19.2; 109.7Koordinatalar: 19 ° 12′N 109 ° 42′E / 19,2 ° N 109,7 ° E / 19.2; 109.7
Nomlangan海, salom: "dengiz"
南, nán: "janub"
"Dengizning janubi [Qionchjou bo'g'ozi ]"
Poytaxt
(va eng katta shahar)		Xaykou
Bo'limlar4 prefekturalar, 20 okruglar, 218 shaharchalar
Hukumat
 • KotibLiu Cigui
• hokimShen Xiaoming
Maydon
• Jami35,354 km2 (13,650 kvadrat milya)
Hudud darajasi28-chi
Eng yuqori balandlik
1.840 m (6.040 fut)
Aholisi
 (2017)[2]
• Jami9,257,600
• daraja28-chi
• zichlik260 / km2 (680 / sqm mil)
• zichlik darajasi17-chi
Demografiya
• etnik tarkibiXon: 82.6%
Li: 15.84%
Miao: 0.82%
Chjuan: 0.67%
• Tillar va lahjalarMandarin xitoyi, Haynan, Yue, Lingao, Xakka, Hlai, Miao, Tsat
ISO 3166 kodiCN-HI
YaIM (2017[3])CNY 446,25 mlrd
66,09 milliard AQSh dollari (28-chi )
• Aholi jon boshigaCNY 48,429
7 173 AQSh dollari (17-chi )
HDI (2018)0.750[4] (yuqori) (19-chi )
Veb-saytIngliz tili Xitoy
Xaynan
Bahsli orol
Tug'ma ism: 海南岛
Hainan tmo 07feb05 250m.jpg
Geografiya
ManzilSharqiy Osiyo
Maydon33,210
Rank42-chi
Uzunlik156
Kengligi170
Eng yuqori nuqta
Tomonidan boshqariladi
Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi
ViloyatXaynan
Eng katta shaharXaykou (2,046,189)
Da'vo qilingan
Xitoy Respublikasi
ViloyatXaynan
Demografiya
Aholisiv. 8 180 000
Etnik guruhlarXon, Li, Miao, Chjuan, Utsul
Qo'shimcha ma'lumot
Xitoy Respublikasi tomonidan materik hududining bir qismi sifatida da'vo qilingan.
Xaynan
Xaynan (xitoycha belgilar) .svg
Xitoy belgilaridagi "Xaynan"
Xitoy海南
To'g'ridan-to'g'ri ma'no"Janub Dengiz (Qiongzhou Boğazı) "
Xaynan oroli
Xaynan 1820-1875.jpg
XIX asrdagi Xaynan orolining xaritasi
An'anaviy xitoy海南島
Soddalashtirilgan xitoy tili海南岛
To'g'ridan-to'g'ri ma'noOrolning janubidagi orol Dengiz
Oldingi ismlar
Zhuya
Xitoy珠崖
To'g'ridan-to'g'ri ma'noPearl Cliffs
Qiongya
An'anaviy xitoy瓊崖
Soddalashtirilgan xitoy tili琼崖
To'g'ridan-to'g'ri ma'noJade Cliffs
Tsiongzhou
An'anaviy xitoy瓊州
Soddalashtirilgan xitoy tili琼州
To'g'ridan-to'g'ri ma'noJade Prefektura

Xaynan (Ushbu ovoz haqida海南) eng kichik va janubiy viloyat ning Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi (PRC), tarkibidagi turli orollardan iborat Janubiy Xitoy dengizi. The Xaynan oroli, eng katta va eng aholi XXR ma'muriyati ostidagi orol,[eslatma 1] viloyatning aksariyat qismini (97%) tashkil qiladi. "Xaynan", orol va viloyat nomi, so'zma-so'z" dengizning janubi "degan ma'noni anglatadi va uning janubdagi holatini aks ettiradi. Qiongzhou bo'g'ozi, uni ajratib turadi Guandun "s Leyjou yarim oroli va qolganlari Xitoy materik.

Viloyat 33,920 kvadrat kilometr (13,100 kvadrat milya) er maydoniga ega, Xaynan oroli 32,900 kvadrat kilometrni (12,700 kvadrat mil) egallagan, qolganlari esa uchtaga tarqalgan 200 dan ortiq orollarga bo'lingan. arxipelaglar, ya'ni Zhonsha, Xisha va Nansha. Bu qism sifatida boshqarilgan Guandun 1950 yildan 1988 yilgacha, u alohida viloyatga aylanganda; Shu bilan birga, u eng katta bo'lgan Maxsus iqtisodiy zona tomonidan tashkil etilgan Den Syaoping qismi sifatida Xitoy iqtisodiy islohoti.

The Li odamlar, a Kra-Dai -Gapirmoqda etnik guruh, orolda tug'ilganlar va aholining 15 foizini o'z ichiga olgan provintsiyadagi ozchilik guruh. Ularning ona tillariga quyidagilar kiradi Hlai tillari. Ular Xitoy hukumati tomonidan mamlakatdagi 56 davlatdan biri sifatida tan olingan etnik guruhlar. The Xon Aholining aksariyat qismini 82% tashkil etadigan aholi, turli xil tillarda gaplashadilar, shu jumladan mandarin, Min Haynan, Yue xitoycha, Lingaoese yoki Xakka xitoy.[5]

Hammasi bo'lib o'nta yirik shahar va o'ntasi bor okruglar Xaynan viloyatida. Viloyat poytaxti Xaykou, Xaynan orolining shimoliy qirg'og'ida Sanya janubiy sohilida taniqli turistik joy. Boshqa yirik shaharlar Wenchang, Qionghai, Siqilish, Vujishan, Dongfang va Danzhou.

Xitoyning fikriga ko'ra hududiy da'volar, bir nechta hududlar Janubiy Xitoy dengizi shu jumladan Spratli orollari (Nansha) va Parasel orollari (Xisha),[6] kabi boshqariladi Sansha viloyatning shahri.

Ismlar

Viloyat nomi Xaynanning "Hai Nam" degan orolidan kelib chiqqan bo'lib, u janubdagi janubdagi mavqei bilan nomlangan. Qionchjou bo'g'ozi. (Bo'g'ozning shimolida, Leyjou yarim oroli Guangdongda, shuningdek, sifatida tanilgan Haibei / Hai Bac yoki "Dengizning shimolida".) Xaynan orolining avvalgi nomlariga quyidagilar kiradi Zhuya, Qiongyava Tsiongzhou. Oxirgi ikkitasi sabab bo'ldi viloyat qisqartmasi 瓊 yoki 琼 (Qióng / Kheng).

Tarix

Tarixdan oldingi davr

Xaynan dastlab hozirgi zamonning shimoliy-sharqiy qismiga tutashgan Vetnam; ammo, orol jismonan ajralib chiqqanidan keyin hosil bo'lgan Vetnam tufayli vulqon otilishi dan keyin Xitoy yaqinida janubi-sharqqa siljigan Mezozoy, million yillar oldin.[7]

Imperial davr

Xaynan oroli birinchi bo'lib yozma ravishda kiritilgan tarix miloddan avvalgi 110 yilda, qachon Xan sulolasi Xitoy harbiy tashkil qildi garnizon kelganidan keyin u erda General Lu Bode. Miloddan avvalgi 46 yilda Xanlar sudi fath juda qimmat deb qaror qildi va orolni tark etdi. O'sha davrda xan xitoylari harbiy xizmatchilar va rasmiylar bilan birgalikda materikdan Xaynan oroliga ko'chib kela boshladilar. Ular orasida Xaynanga siyosiy sabablarga ko'ra surgun qilinganlarning avlodlari ham bor edi. Ularning aksariyati Xitoyning janubiy viloyatlaridan Xaynan oroliga etib kelgan Guandun, Fujian va Guansi.

Li odamlar (Xlai xalqi) asl nusxadir Kra-Dai Xaynan aholisi. Ular materikdan qadimgi qabilalarning avlodlari ekanligiga ishonishadi, ular 7 va 27 ming yil oldin orolga joylashdilar.[8]

Davomida Uch qirollik davri (184-280), Xaynan Zhuya qo'mondonligi edi (珠崖 郡) nazorati ostida Sharqiy Vu.

Vaqtida Qo'shiqlar sulolasi (960−1279), Xaynan tarkibiga kirdi Guansi va birinchi marta ko'p sonli Xan xitoylari keldi, asosan shimolga joylashdi. Ostida Mo'g'ul imperiyasi (1206-1368) orol mustaqil viloyatga aylandi, keyin 1370 yilda ma'muriyatiga topshirildi Guandun qaror bilan Min sulolasi. XVI-XVII asrlarda Fujian va Guangdongdan kelgan ko'plab xanliklar Xaynanga ko'chib o'tishni boshladilar va Li orolning janubiy yarmidagi baland tog'larga itarishdi. O'n sakkizinchi asrda Li qarshi isyon ko'targan Tsin imperiyasi, olib kirish bilan javob bergan yollanma askarlar dan Miao mintaqalari Guychjou. Miaoning ko'p qismi orolga joylashdilar va ularning avlodlari bugungi kungacha g'arbiy tog'larda yashaydilar.

17-18 asrlarda kashfiyotchilar orolni "Aynam",[9][10] bu mahalliy ismning talaffuzi bo'lib qoladi Haynan lahjasi.

1906 yilda inqilobiy rahbar Sun Yatsen Xaynanni alohida viloyatga aylantirishni taklif qildi, ammo bu 1988 yilgacha sodir bo'lmadi.

Xitoy Respublikasi

Sohil bo'yidagi dam olish maskani Sanya, Xaynandagi ikkinchi yirik shahar

Xaynan tarixiy jihatdan Guangdong va Guansi provinsiyalarining bir qismi bo'lgan va shu singari Qiongya ham bo'lgan O'chirish (瓊崖 道) 1912 yil tashkil etilgan Xitoy Respublikasi. 1921 yilda a ga aylanish rejalashtirilgan edi maxsus ma'muriy hudud (瓊崖 特別 行政區); 1944 yilda Xaynan 16 ta shahar bilan maxsus ma'muriy viloyatga aylandi okruglar shu jumladan Janubiy Xitoy dengiz orollari.

1920-30 yillarda Xaynan uyasi bo'lgan Kommunistik faollik, ayniqsa qonli bostirishdan keyin Shanxay, 1927 yilda Xitoy Respublikasi ko'plab kommunistlarni yashirinishga majbur qildi. Kommunistlar va mahalliy aholi Hlai odamlar kuchli kurash olib bordi partizan ga qarshi kampaniya Imperial yapon ishg'ol, Xaynan orolidagi operatsiya (1939–45), ammo qasos sifatida yaponlar Xlay qishloqlariga qarshi ko'plab qirg'inlarni boshladilar. Feng Bayju olib keldi Xaynan mustaqil ustun 1930-1940 yillar davomida jangchilar. 1945 yilda yaponlar taslim bo'lganlaridan keyin Gomintang qayta tiklangan boshqaruv. Xaynan Xitoy tomonidan boshqariladigan materikning so'nggi hududlaridan biri bo'lgan Millatchilik kuchlari, 1950 yil martgacha davom etdi.

Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi

1950 yil mart oyidan may oyigacha Xaynan orolida qo'nish operatsiyasi uchun orolni qo'lga kiritdi Xitoy kommunistlari. Xaynan buyrug'iga binoan qoldirilgan edi Xue Yue Chi Kay-Shev Tayvanga qochib ketganidan keyin. Feng Bayju va uning partizan jangchilari koloni qo'nish operatsiyasini izlashda muhim rol o'ynagan va oroldagi o'rmon bazalaridan o'zlarining hujumlarini muvofiqlashtirgan. Bu Xaynanni egallashni muvaffaqiyatli amalga oshirishga imkon berdi Qarindoshlar (Quemoy) va Dengbu hujumlar oldingi kuzda muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi.

Qabul qilishni mahalliy partizan kuchlari mavjud bo'lganligi tufayli amalga oshirildi Tayvan. Shu sababli, Xitoy fuqarolar urushini kuzatuvchilarning ko'pchiligi Xaynan orolining kommunistlarga qulashidan keyin, tez orada Tayvan orolining qulashi bilan davom etadi deb o'ylagan bo'lsalar ham, Tayvan orolida biron bir kommunistik partizan kuchlarining etishmasligi va uning materikdan juda uzoqligi bunga sabab bo'ldi. ning kelishi kabi imkonsiz AQShning 7-floti ichida Tayvan bo‘g‘ozi paydo bo'lganidan keyin Koreya urushi iyun oyida. Bundan tashqari, Xaykou, ko'plab boshqa xalqaro shaharlarga nisbatan aholisi ko'p bo'lsa-da, geografik jihatdan juda kichik, deyarli yo'q shaharlarning kengayishi. Shahar chegaralarining katta qismi to'satdan o'rmon yoki qishloq xo'jaligi erlari bilan tugaydi.

1950 yil 1 mayda XXR, maxsus ma'muriy hudud ma'muriy hudud idorasiga aylandi (海南 行政区 公署), Guangdong viloyati hukumatining bir bo'limi.

Kommunistlar tomonidan belgilangan yo'nalish bo'yicha orolning rivojlanishi davom ettirildi Yapon,[tushuntirish kerak ] ammo natijalar orolning izolyatsiyasi, uning namligi va tayfun -xavfsiz iqlim va uning xitoylik materik tomonidan xavfli va surgun joyi sifatida doimiy obro'si. 1970-yillarning oxirlarida Xitoyning iqtisodiy siyosat o'zgarishi bilan Xaynan diqqat markaziga aylandi.

1980-yillarning o'rtalarida, Xaynan oroli hali ham tarkibida bo'lgan Guandun Viloyat, Xaynan maxsus tuman ma'muri Ley Yu tomonidan marketing g'ayratining o'n to'rt oylik epizodi[11] bulut ostida Xaynanning viloyat maqomiga intilishini qo'ydi. Bunga bojsiz olib kirish kiradi Gonkong narxiga Yaponiyada ishlab chiqarilgan 90 mingta yengil va yuk mashinalari ¥ 4,5 milliard dollar (1,5 milliard AQSh dollari) va ularni eksport qilish - mahalliy dengiz kuchlari yordamida materikka, 150 foiz foyda keltirmoqda. Taqqoslash uchun, 1950 yildan beri Xaynanga atigi 10 mingta avtomobil olib kelingan. Bundan tashqari, unga 2,9 million televizor, 252 ming videokasseta yozuvchisi va 122 ming mototsikl keltirilgan. Pul 1983 yil markaziy hukumat mablag'laridan keyingi o'n yil ichida orolning transport infratuzilmasini (yo'llar, temir yo'llar, aeroportlar, bandargohlar) qurishga yo'naltirilgan.[iqtibos kerak ]

1984 yil 1 oktyabrda u Xaynan ma'muriy hududiga aylandi (海南 行政区), Xalq hukumati bilan va nihoyat viloyat sifatida alohida Guandun to'rt yildan keyin. 1988 yilda, orol alohida viloyatga aylanganda, a Maxsus iqtisodiy zona investitsiyalarni ko'paytirish maqsadida.

Markaziy hukumat mablag'lari Xaynan hukumati tomonidan orolning boshqa infratuzilmalarini (suv inshootlari, elektr stantsiyalari, telekommunikatsiyalar va boshqalarni) qurish uchun etarli emas deb topilgan va Xaynan va o'n uchta qirg'oq shaharlari uchun iqtisodiy va savdo qoidalarini juda erkin talqin qilgan. ; qoidalarda ikkinchi qo'l mahsulotlarni qayta sotishni taqiqlash to'g'risida so'z yuritilmagan. Sotilmagan bo'linmalardan tushgan mablag'larning bir qismi keyinchalik maxsus okrugni qayta moliyalashtirish uchun markaziy hukumat tomonidan olingan.

2001 yilda a Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz kuchlari razvedka signallari samolyot va a Xalq ozodlik armiyasining dengiz floti tutuvchi qiruvchi samolyot havoda to'qnashdi Xaynandan 110 milya uzoqlikda, natijada AQSh va XXR o'rtasida xalqaro nizo kelib chiqqan.

2020 yil iyun oyida Xitoy Xaynanning erkin savdo portlari tizimining bosh rejasini e'lon qildi. "Sinxua" davlat agentligi tomonidan e'lon qilingan "Xaynan" asosan 2025 yilgacha erkin savdo port tizimini yaratadi va 2035 yilga kelib yanada etuk bo'ladi ".[12]

Geografiya

Shuningdek qarang: Xaynan orolining geologiyasi
Xaynan orolining topografik xaritasi.

Xaynan, 30 km (19 mil) kenglik bilan ajralib turadi Qionchjou bo'g'ozi dan Leyjou yarim oroli ning Guandun, tomonidan boshqariladigan eng katta orol Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi va dunyoda 42-o'rinda turadi. Xaynan orolining maydoni (32,900 km)2 (12,700 kv. Mil), viloyatning 97%) shunga o'xshash Belgiya yoki undan kichikroq Tayvan. Xaynan orolining g'arbiy qismida Tonkin ko'rfazi. Wuzhi tog'i orolda 1840 m balandlikdagi eng baland tog'dir (6 040 fut).

Xaynan orolining uzunligi 155 km (96 mil) va kengligi 169 km (105 mil).

Xaynanning shimoliy yarmi qadimiy bilan qoplangan Xaynan vulqon maydoni. Tuproqning yuqori qatlami ostida vulkanik tosh Tuproqning yuqori qismida esa uning kichik qismlari mavjud vesikulyar tosh.

Suv-botqoqlik maydoni 320 ming gektarni tashkil etadi, uning 78 ming gektari sun'iy ravishda yaratilgan. Buning aksariyati Xaynanning sharqiy va shimoliy qismida joylashgan.[13]

Daryolar va ko'llar

Xaynandagi daryolarning aksariyati orolning markaziy hududidan kelib chiqqan va turli yo'nalishlarda lamel ravishda oqadi. The Nandu daryosi orolning shimoliy qismida 314 km (195 milya) uzunlikda va uning irmoq, Sinvu daryosi, 109 km (68 milya) uzunlikda. Boshqa yirik daryolarga quyidagilar kiradi Vankan daryosi 162 km (101 milya) - uzoq sharqda, Changxua daryosi g'arbda va Sanya daryosi janubda. Quruq mavsumda bug'lanish qirg'oq hududlari atrofida daryolarning oqimini sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi.

Xaynanda tabiiy ko'llar juda oz. Biroq, ularning soni juda ko'p suv omborlari, ularning eng kattasi Songtao suv ombori markaziy-shimoliy mintaqada.

Orollar

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Xaynan orollari

Yaqin atrofdagi orollar

Xaynan orolining qirg'oqlari atrofida bir nechta kichik orollar mavjud:

Asosiy orolga yaqin bo'lganligi sababli, flora, fauna va iqlim sharoiti juda o'xshash.

Bahsli orollar

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Xitoy dengiz orollari
Ning dengiz da'volari Janubiy Xitoy dengizi
Xaynan Janubiy Xitoy dengizida joylashgan
Xaynan
Xaynan
Xaynan
Xaynan
Xaynan
Xaynan
Xaynan
Xaynan
Xaynan
Katta orollarning joylashishi Sansha
Afsona: Beshta uchli yulduz Solid.svg Qora:Sansha (Old o'rindiq) Yongxing Pushti pog.svg Pushti:Xuangyan Yashil pog.svg Yashil:Yongshu Moviy pog.svg Moviy:Meyji Binafsha pog.svg Siyohrang:Jubi Apelsin pog.svg Apelsin:Xuayang Sariq pog.svg Sariq: sariqNanxun Qizil pog.svg Qizil: qizilChiguo Jigarrang pog.svg Jigarrang:Dongmen

Yuzlab kilometr janubda joylashgan bir qator kichik orollar tomonidan da'vo qilingan va boshqariladi Sansha Xaynan viloyati tarkibida.[14] Ammo bu orollarning suvereniteti bahsli. Ushbu orollarga quyidagilar kiradi:

Atrof muhit

Xitoyning aksariyat materiklari bilan taqqoslaganda, Xaynan havosining sifati ancha yuqori, chunki u fabrika ifloslanishiga ta'sir qilmaydi, bu materikdagi havoga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatdi. 2012 yil davomida Xaynan 351 kun davomida mamlakatda eng yuqori havo sifatiga ega edi.[15]

Viloyat hukumatining atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish kampaniyasi bir qator sanoat korxonalariga qarshi choralar ko'rdi. 2012 yil davomida bir nechta eskirgan ishlab chiqarish korxonalarining tadbirkorlik litsenziyalari bekor qilindi va kanalizatsiya kanalizatsiyasini noqonuniy ravishda to'kish bilan bog'liq 175 ta ish ko'rib chiqildi.[15]

2012 yilda viloyat uchun oltingugurt dioksidi chiqindilari 34 ming tonnani tashkil etdi, bu o'tgan yilga nisbatan 3 foizga kamaygan. 2011 yilda tutun chiqindilari 6,3 foizga qisqartirilib, 15 ming tonnani tashkil etdi.[15]

Viloyat bo'ylab infratuzilmani takomillashtirish

2012
2016
Shaharni obod qilishning odatiy namunasi. Yuqoridagi rasmlarda xuddi shu joy ko'rsatilgan Gilinyan taxminan to'rt yarim yillik masofa.

2015 yildan hozirgi kungacha Xaynan orolidagi shaharlarni va boshqa aholi punktlarini obodonlashtirish bo'yicha keng ko'lamli dastur amalga oshirilmoqda. Bunga shaharlardan, qishloqlardan va ko'plab yo'l bo'yidagi axlatlarni olib tashlash kiradi. Kichik, noqonuniy axlatxonalar olib tashlanmoqda. Biroq, noqonuniy tashlanish qurilish qoldiqlari hali ham qishloq yo'llarida uchraydi. Qishloqlar ichida va qishloq yo'llarining kesishgan joylarida katta, plastikdan yasalgan axlat qutilari o'rnatildi. Shaharlar yangi yo'l va piyodalar yo'llari bilan obodonlashtirilmoqda, obodonlashtirish xususiyatlari yaratilmoqda va ko'plab binolar yangi fasadlarni olmoqda.

Bu Xaykou shahridagi tashabbus butun mahallalarni buzish va qayta qurish, sanitariya holatini yaxshilash, biznes uchun ishlatilgan noqonuniy inshootlarni olib tashlash, yo'l chetidagi sotuvchilarga taqiq qo'yish, yo'llar va piyodalar yo'laklarini almashtirish va svetoforlar o'rnatilgan yangi ko'chalar o'tish joylarini ko'rdi.

Iqlim

Xaynan oroli
Iqlim jadvali (tushuntirish)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D.
 
 
15
 
 
22
15
 
 
26
 
 
25
17
 
 
40
 
 
26
18
 
 
127
 
 
27
20
 
 
220
 
 
26
20
 
 
317
 
 
27
21
 
 
380
 
 
25
20
 
 
284
 
 
25
19
 
 
372
 
 
25
20
 
 
302
 
 
24
18
 
 
158
 
 
23
16
 
 
64
 
 
21
14
O'rtacha maksimal va min. harorat ° C da
Yog'ingarchilik miqdori mm
Manba: [16]

Xaynanning iqlimi subtropikdan to to'liq tropikgacha o'zgarib turadi. Shimoliy Xaynan, shu jumladan orolning poytaxti Xaykou, bor nam subtropik iqlim, qolgan orolning aksariyat qismida a mavjud tropik musson iqlimi yillik iliqroq harorat bilan janub janubroq joylashgan. Eng sovuq oylar yanvar va fevral oylari bo'lib, harorat 16 dan 21 ° C gacha (61 dan 70 ° F) gacha pasayadi; eng issiq oylar iyul va avgust, harorat esa 25 dan 29 ° C gacha (77 dan 84 ° gacha). Orolning markaziy qismidagi tog'li hududlarni hisobga olmaganda, barcha oylarda Xaynanda o'rtacha kunlik harorat 10 ° C (50 ° F) dan yuqori.

Shimolda yoz issiq va bir yilda 20 kundan ortiq vaqt davomida harorat 35 ° C (95 ° F) dan yuqori bo'lishi mumkin[iqtibos kerak ]. Yiliga o'rtacha yog'ingarchilik 1500 dan 2000 millimetrgacha (59 dan 79 dyuymgacha) va markaziy va sharqiy hududlarda 2400 millimetrga (94 dyuym), janubi-g'arbiy sohilbo'llarida esa 900 millimetrgacha (35 dyuymgacha) tushishi mumkin. . Xaynanning ba'zi qismlari yo'lida yotadi tayfunlar, va yillik yog'ingarchilikning 70% tayfun va yozgi yomg'irli mavsumdan olingan. Katta suv toshqinlari tayfun tufayli yuz beradi, bu esa mahalliy aholi uchun juda ko'p muammolarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.

Yillik tuman

Yanvardan fevralga qadar Xaynan oroliga ko'pincha qalin tuman ta'sir qiladi, ayniqsa qirg'oq hududlari va orolning shimoliy qismida. Buning sababi shimoldan sovuq qish havosi iliqroq dengiz bilan aloqa qilishidir va dengizdan bug'lanib ketadigan namlikni tumanga aylantiradi. Tuman kundan-kunga saqlanib qoladi va teng taqsimlanadi. Bir necha kun davomida ko'rinishni 50 metrgacha (160 fut) kamaytirish mumkin. Ushbu davrda aholi odatda derazalarni yopib qo'yadi. Havodagi namlik shu qadar haddan tashqari balandki, uylardagi devorlar yig'laydi, pollarda ko'pincha suv qatlami to'planadi.[iqtibos kerak ]

Flora va fauna

Ushbu ko'rinish Siqilish janubi-sharqiy sohil yaqinida ichki qishloqqa xosdir.

Xaynan 1500 km dan ortiq masofani bosib o'tgan2 (580 kv. Mil) tropik o'rmon, unda 4600 turdagi o'simliklar va 570 dan ortiq hayvon turlari yashaydi.[iqtibos kerak ] Biroq, ekzotik turlarning ishg'ol qilinishi, odamlarning turizmdan ta'siri, o'rmonlarning yo'q qilinishi va ifloslantiruvchi moddalar chiqarilishi tufayli ko'plab turlar tahdid ostida. Xaynan viloyati Yer, atrof-muhit va resurslar boshqarmasining hisobotida aytilishicha, 200 tur yo'qolib ketish arafasida, 6 turi, masalan. Maytenus hainanensis va Sciaphila tenella allaqachon yo'q bo'lib ketgan.[17]

Flora

Xaynan erlarining aksariyat qismi o'rmon bo'lib, 2012 yilning oxirida 61,5 foiz qamrab olingan (210 ming gektar), bu 2011 yildan buyon 34133 gektarga (84,340 gektar) ko'paygan. Yana 187 gektar (2930 gektar) o't va daraxtlar ekilgan. viloyat avtomobil yo'llari.[15]

Xaynan sariq chiroq chili

Xaynan orolida o'sadigan yovvoyi va madaniy mevalarning 29 oilasida 53 nasl mavjud.[18] Orolda ozgina katta daraxtlar bor; hindiston yong'og'i xurmolari boshqa kichik daraxtlar qatorida juda keng tarqalgan. Biroq Xaynan orolining katta qismi o'rmon bilan qoplangan.

Taniqli turlarga quyidagilar kiradi:

Hayvonot dunyosi

Orolda ko'plab qo'riqlanadigan hududlar va yovvoyi tabiat qo'riqxonalari mavjud. Orol bo'ylab hamma joyda uchraydigan hayvonlarga qurbaqalar, qurbaqalar, gekkonlar, terilar va kapalaklar kiradi. Hozirgi, ammo kamroq kuzatiladigan ilonlar (Osiyo xurmo ilonlari, qizil bambuk ilon va vaqti-vaqti bilan kobralar), Sibir chipmunksi, sincaplar va maskalangan palma sivi. Tabiatda deyarli hech qanday yirik hayvonlar qolmaydi. Ko'llarda asosan karp va baliqlar yashaydi.

Qushlarning 362 turi ma'lum.[17] Odatda, chayqalar kabi dengiz qushlari ko'rinmaydi. Egrets va Qora qanotli uçurtmalar qishloq xo'jaligi hududlarida keng tarqalgan. Ko'pgina subtropik zonalarga o'xshash hasharotlar turlari xilma-xil bo'lib, chivinlar juda keng tarqalgan.

Okeanda, dengiz toshbaqalari va kit akulalari ushbu suvlarda ko'chib o'tishlari ma'lum.

Xaynan oroli boy biologik xilma-xillikka ega turfa va ularni Xitoy suvlarida o'rganish joyi.[19] Kabi ko'plab kitlar Shimoliy Tinch okeanidagi o'ng kitlar, g'arbiy kulrang kitlar, dumaloq kitlar va ko'k kitlar (bularning barchasi Xitoy suvlarida deyarli yo'q bo'lib ketgan)[20] tarixan qishda va bahorda juftlashish va bolalash uchun ko'rilgan. Ushbu yumshoq dengiz gigantlari juda ko'p ovlangan va yapon kitlari tomonidan yo'q qilingan (Xitoy va Koreya qirg'oqlarida Xaynan va shu jumladan turli joylarda baliq ovlash stantsiyalari tashkil etilgan). Daya ko'rfazi ). Biroz Braydning kitlari va minke kitlar bilan birga qo'shni suvlarda ham paydo bo'lishi mumkin Leyjou yarim oroli va Tonkin ko'rfazi.[21][22] Ning kichik turlari kit va delfinlar, kabi qisqa tutashgan uchuvchi kitlar[23] va pantropik dog'li delfinlar,[24] lekin eng muhimi yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida Xitoy oq delfin. Turlar uchun e'lon qilingan ma'bad qirg'oqlar bo'ylab cho'zilgan. Ushbu delfinlar yaqinroq kabi toza suvlar orasida paydo bo'lishi mumkin Sanya.[25]

Dugonglar hali ham oz sonli, asosan, uchraydi Tonkin ko'rfazi yon tomon.

Taniqli turlarga quyidagilar kiradi:

Demografiya

Xaynandagi tarixiy etnolingvistik guruhlar, 1967 yil xaritasi. To'q yashil mintaqada Haynan navlari Min xitoycha, ochiq yashil mintaqadagi odamlar asosan gapirishadi Li / Hlai tillari
(Butun xaritaga havola shu jumladan kalit).

Xaynan aholisining zichligi Xitoyning aksariyat qirg'oq provinsiyalariga nisbatan past.

2000 yilda Xaynan etnik guruhlari xan-xitoylarni o'z ichiga olgan Haynan ko'pchilikni (aholining 84%) tashkil etadigan va min tilida so'zlashadigan; The Li (Xlai) (Aholining 14,7%); The Miao (0,7%) va Chjuan (0.6%).[iqtibos kerak ] Li aholi soni bo'yicha orolning eng yirik mahalliy guruhidir. Shuningdek, orolda topilgan Utsullar, avlodlari Xam deb tasniflangan qochqinlar Hui Xitoy hukumati ularning islom dinlari sababli. Bor Tanka jamoasi Sanya ko'rfazida yashovchilar.[26]

Li xalqi asosan Xaynanning o'rta va janubiy qismidagi to'qqizta shahar va tumanlarda - Sanya shaharlarida, Vujishan Li avtonom okruglari Dongfang Baisha, Lingshui, Ledong, Changjiang Li va Miao avtonom okruglari Qiongzhong va Baoting '. Ba'zilari Xaynanning boshqa joylarida Danzhou, Vanning, Tsiongay, Lingshui va Tunchangdagi boshqa etnik guruhlar bilan yashaydilar. Li etnik guruhi yashaydigan hudud 18,700 kvadrat kilometrni (7200 kvadrat mil) tashkil etadi, bu viloyatning 55 foizini tashkil etadi.[27]

Xaykou, viloyatning poytaxti janub tomonga qarab turibdi Evergreen Park, shaharning shimoliy qirg'og'ida joylashgan katta park

Ular orolning tub aholisi va xitoy tilida gaplashmasalar ham Limgao (Ong-Be) Xitoy hukumati tomonidan poytaxt yaqinidagi odamlar (Xaynan aholisining 8%) xan xitoylar deb hisoblanadi.

Din

Sharqiy masjid Sanya, misol Xitoy-islom me'morchilik.

Haynan aholisining aksariyati amaliyotda Xitoy xalq dini va Xitoy buddizmi. The Li aholisi a Theravada Buddist ozchilik. Ko'pchilik Utsullar orolning filiali Cham odamlar yaqinida yashash Sanya, bor Musulmonlar. Xaynan missionerlarning sayohat marshrutida nuqta bo'lganligi sababli, ba'zilari ham bor Nasroniylar. 2009 yildagi Xitoy Umumiy Ijtimoiy So'roviga ko'ra, nasroniylar viloyat aholisining 0,48 foizini tashkil qiladi.[28]

Nanshan bog'i Xaynan orolidagi buddizm markazidir. 50 km dan ortiq masofani o'z ichiga oladi2 (19 kvadrat milya) yomg'ir o'rmoni bo'lgan joyda, qutqaruvchi bog'i va uzoq umr vodiysi kabi son-sanoqsiz buyuk ibodatxonalar, haykallar va ma'naviy bog'lar mavjud bo'lib, ular murakkab kesilgan to'siqlar bilan va lotus gullari bilan mo'l-ko'l bo'lib, buddizmda fazilat yoki poklik ma'nosini anglatadi.

Vodiyning markazida grand mavjud Nanshan ibodatxonasi, uning eshiklari Tang sulolasi uslubidagi kirish oldida Buddaning tosh shakllari bilan o'ralgan. Ichki makonda to'rtta samoviy shohning toshlari, oltin va nefrit toshlarida tasvirlangan boshqa xudolarning haykallari orasida tasvirlangan.

Ehtimol, Nanshan buddistlar madaniy zonasidagi eng mashhur sayt - bu janubiy Xitoy dengizidan chiqqan, ozodlik haykalidan balandroq bo'lgan 108 metr balandlikda paydo bo'lgan Bodxisattva Guan Yinning toshni hayratga solishi.

Nanshan buddistlar madaniy zonasiga har yili kelgan minglab sayyohlar va ziyoratchilar tashrif buyurishadi, bu Xitoyda dinda muhim rol o'ynaydigan saytga hurmat bajo keltiradi va orolda eng yaxshi buddaviy vegetarian oshxonasidan namunalar oladi.[29]

Tillar

Orolda turli xil tillar oilalari gaplashadi:

  • Odatda lingua franca sifatida ishlatiladigan tillardan biri bu variant Min xitoycha sifatida tanilgan Haynan. Shuningdek Standart mandarin (Putongxua) ko'pchilik tomonidan tushuniladi va aytiladi va Kanton kimdir tushunadi.
    • Yilda Yacheng Siti (shuningdek, uning atrofida Huihui va Xuixindan bir necha o'n mil g'arbda), deb nomlangan harbiy nutq (shimoliy xitoy lahjalari orasida janubi-g'arbning rasmiy tili) gapiriladi.
    • Yilda Yanglan qishlog'i shimoli-sharqda kanton bilan chambarchas bog'liq bo'lgan ikkita min lahjasi gaplashadi: the May lahjasi va Danzhou shevasi, janubdagi Haipo qishlog'ida gaplashmoqda, bu orolning shimoliy qismidagi Dan-mamlakatdagi Danchjou tilidagi lahjaga o'xshaydi.
    • Sharqdan g'arbga dengiz qirg'og'i bo'ylab Xaynan lahjasi ishlatiladi.
    • Yilda Sanya Shaharda Mandarin xitoy va Haynan tillarida so'zlashuvchilarni topish mumkin.
    • Xaynan poytaxtida, Xaykou, Kanton tilida tez-tez mahalliy aholi gaplashadi.
  • The Li, Chjuan va Limgao gapirish Tai-kaday tillari.
  • The Miao gapirish Hmong-Mien tillar.
  • Taxminan 4500 kishi bor Utsul ning qishloqlarida yashovchi odamlar Yanglan (羊栏) va Xuixin (回 新), Sanya chekkasidagi ikkita qishloq. Ular Tsat tili, a'zosi Avstronesiyalik Chamika tillari.

Sotsiolingvistika

Standart Mandarin lingua franca turli etnik guruhlar o'rtasida. Ozchilikni tashkil etgan kattalar ham xitoy tilida savodxonlik mahoratiga ega. Ko'pchilik kattalar bir nechta xitoy lahjalarida gaplashadi, ba'zilari esa Li tilida gaplashadi.

Chams Xaynan provinsiyasi ichkarisidagi xaynan lahjasi ma'ruzachilari bilan o'zaro aloqada bo'lganda, ular xaynan lahjasidan foydalanadilar, ammo yoshlar odatda mandarin tilidan foydalanadilar. Li tilida ko'pchilik muloqot qila olmaydi, shuning uchun xaynan lahjasi yoki Mandarin tez-tez ishlatiladi.

Bozorda va Sanya munitsipalitetida Cham ma'ruzachilari o'zlari orasida Chamdan foydalanadilar, boshqalari esa asosan xaynan lahjasidan foydalanadilar. Biroq, Yanglan shaharchasining hukumat o'rindig'iga yaqin bo'lgan bozor joylarida Chamlar Haynan shevasini yoki May shevasini ishlatadilar.[30]

O'rtacha umr ko'rish va "uzoq umr ko'rish"

Xaynan aholisi materikdagi odamlarga qaraganda uzoqroq yashaydi. 2017 yil oxirida 1565 kishi edi yuz yilliklar Xaynanda. Viloyatda har 100 ming kishiga 17,13 kishi yuzinchi yoshni tashkil etgan. 2018 yil 8 mart holatiga ko'ra 80 yoshdan oshgan 287,7 ming nafar aholi istiqomat qilmoqda, bu esa aholining 3,15 foizini tashkil etadi.[31]

Hukumat

Xan sulolasi 1984 yilda Xaynanda topilgan muhr
Xan muhri matni: "Zhulu zhikui" - Juya qo'mondonligi miloddan avvalgi 46 yilda bekor qilingan va Xepu qo'mondonligi ostida Chjulu okrugi sifatida qayta tashkil etilgan.

Hainan orolining bir qismi bo'lgan paytda ham Guandun u katta miqdordagi mahalliy avtonomiyaga ega edi; orolning janubiy yarmi an avtonom prefektura. 1988 yilda Xaynanning viloyat darajasiga ko'tarilishi uni oshirdi javobgarlik uchun Markaziy xalq hukumati, ammo yangi viloyatni belgilash orqali a maxsus iqtisodiy zona markaziy hukumat Xaynanga yordam beradigan dasturlarni ishlab chiqishda maksimal darajada moslashuvchan bo'lish imkoniyatini berish niyatini bildirdi chet el investitsiyalari va iqtisodiy o'sish. Ma'muriy jihatdan viloyat beshta yirik iqtisodiy tumanlarga bo'lingan.[iqtibos kerak ]

Siyosat

Asosiy maqolalar: Xaynan siyosati va Xitoy Xalq Respublikasining viloyat rahbarlari ro'yxati

Xaynan siyosati barcha boshqa boshqaruv institutlari singari ikki tomonlama partiya-hukumat tizimida tuzilgan materik Xitoy.

The Xaynan gubernatori Xaynan Xalq hukumatidagi eng yuqori lavozimli amaldor. Biroq, viloyatning ikki tomonlama partiya-hukumat boshqaruv tizimida gubernator Xaynandan kam kuchga ega Xitoy Kommunistik partiyasi Viloyat qo'mitasi kotibi yoki CPC partiyasi rahbari.

Aql

Tomonidan olib borilgan tadqiqotlar uchun Axborot urushi monitoringi, Hainan - ning fizik joylashuvi GhostNet. Xitoy hukumati kiber urush va razvedka apparati mavjudligini rasman rad etdi.

Ma'muriy

Rasmiyda XXR hududiy da'vo, Xaynan viloyati nafaqat bitta orolni, balki ikki yuzni ham o'z ichiga oladi Janubiy Xitoy dengiz orollari. Janubiy Xitoy dengizi orollarini qamrab olish Xaynan provintsiyasining juda katta suv havzasiga ega ekanligini anglatsa-da, u nomutanosib ravishda kichik er maydoniga ega. Jeyms Shoal (曾母暗沙 Hozirda XXR tomonidan belgilangan Zengmu Ansha) mamlakatning eng janubiy chegarasini bildiradi. Ammo Malayziya ularning kontinental tokchasida ekanligini da'vo qilmoqda.

Bo'limlar

Asosiy maqolalar: Xaynan ma'muriy bo'linmalar ro'yxati va Xaynan shaharcha darajasidagi bo'linmalar ro'yxati

Xaynan provinsiyasi boshqasiga qaraganda bir oz boshqacha ma'muriy tizimdan foydalanadi Xitoyning provinsiyalari. Boshqa viloyatlarning aksariyati butunlay bo'lingan prefektura - darajadagi bo'linmalar, ularning har biri keyinchalik butunlay bo'linadi okrug - darajadagi bo'linmalar. Viloyat darajasidagi bo'linmalar odatda to'g'ridan-to'g'ri viloyatga bo'ysunmaydi. Xaynanda deyarli barcha okrug darajasidagi bo'linmalar (bundan mustasno, sakkizta tuman) to'g'ridan-to'g'ri viloyatga bo'ysunadi. Ushbu bo'linish usuli Xaynanda 8 millionga yaqin aholining nisbatan siyrakligi bilan bog'liq. 2017 yil oxirida aholining umumiy soni 9,26 mln.[32]

Xaynanning ma'muriy bo'linmalari
Bo'lim kodi[33]Bo'limMaydoni km2[34]Aholisi 2010 yil[35]O'rindiqBo'limlar[36]
TumanlarMamlakatlarAvtomatik. okruglarCL shaharlar
460000Xaynan viloyati35354.008,671,518Xaykou shahar10465
460100Xaykou shahar2304.802,046,189Syuying tumani4
460200Sanya shahar1910.67685,408Jiyang tumani4
460300Sansha shahar *~13.00444Xisha tumani2
460400Danzhou shahar#3394.00932,362Nada shahar
469001Vujishan shahar **1131.00104,122Tongzha shahar1
469002Qionghai shahar **1710.14483,217Tszaji shahar1
469005Wenchang shahar **2459.18537,428Vencheng shahar1
469006Siqilish shahar **1899.90545,597Vancheng shahar1
469007Dongfang shahar **2272.29408,309Basuo shahar1
469021Ding'an tumani **1187.00284,616Dingcheng shahar1
469022Tunchang okrugi **1223.97256,931Tuncheng shahar1
469023Chengmai okrugi **2076.28467,161Jinjiang shahar1
469024Lingao okrugi **1343.33427,873Lincheng shahar1
469025Baisha Li avtonom okrugi **2117.20167,918Yacha shahar1
469026Changjiang Li avtonom okrugi **1617.70223,839Shilu shahar1
469027Ledun Li avtonom okrugi **2763.53458,876Baoyou shahar1
469028Lingshui Li avtonom okrugi **1121.24320,468Yelin shahar1
469029Baoting Li va Miao avtonom okrugi **1166.78146,684Baocheng shahar1
469030Qiongzhong Li va Miao avtonom okrugi **2704.00174,076Yinggen shahar1
* - Sansha ustidan suverenitet (Paratsel, Spratli va Chjunsha orollarini o'z ichiga olgan holda) 2020 yil 6-dekabr holatiga ko'ra bahsli.

** - To'g'ridan-to'g'ri boshqariladigan tuman darajasidagi bo'linmalar
# - to'g'ridan-to'g'ri truboprovodli shaharlar - har qanday tuman darajasidagi bo'linmalarni o'z ichiga olmaydi

Shahar hududlari

Prefekturaning shahar tumanlari va okrug shaharlari bo'yicha aholisi
#ShaharShahar hududi[37]Tuman maydoni[37]Shahar tegishli[37]Aholini ro'yxatga olish sanasi
1Xaykou1,517,4102,046,1702,046,1702010-11-01
2Sanya453,819685,408685,4082010-11-01
3Danzhou[a]418,834932,356932,3562010-11-01
4Wenchang251,795537,426537,4262010-11-01
5Siqilish221,263545,597545,5972010-11-01
6Qionghai194,400483,217483,2172010-11-01
7Dongfang153,726408,309408,3092010-11-01
8Vujishan53,268104,119104,1192010-11-01
(9)Sansha[b]4444444442010-11-01
  1. ^ Danzhou CLC hozirda aholini ro'yxatga olishdan keyin Danzhou PLC nomi bilan mashhur.
  2. ^ Xisha, Nansha va Zhongsha ma'muriy zonasi ro'yxatga olishdan so'ng Sansha PLC nomi bilan mashhur.

Harbiy baza

Asosiy maqola: Xalq ozodlik armiyasining dengiz floti

Xaynan oroli Xalq ozodlik armiyasining dengiz floti Xaynan dengiz osti bazasi va strategik atom suv osti kemasi dengiz porti 18 ° 13′16 ″ N 109 ° 41′10 ″ E / 18.221 ° N 109.686 ° E / 18.221; 109.686.[38] Dengiz porti harbiy baza atrofidagi tog 'yonbag'irlariga qurilgan bo'lib, balandligi 18 metrni tashkil etadi. G'orlar 20 tagacha atom suvosti kemalarini yashirishga qodir josus sun'iy yo'ldoshlar. Portda yadroviy ballistik raketa suvosti kemalari joylashgan va u sig'dira oladigan darajada katta samolyot tashuvchilar. The AQSh Mudofaa vazirligi Xitoy beshga ega bo'lishini taxmin qildi 094 turdagi suvosti kemalari 2010 yilga qadar har biri 12 ta yuk ko'tarishga qodir JL-2 ballistik raketalari. Ikki dona 950 metrli (3,120 fut) ustun va uchta kichikroq tirgak ikkitasini joylashtirish uchun etarli bo'ladi tashuvchi ish tashlash guruhlari yoki amfibiya hujum kemalari.

Iqtisodiyot

Xaynan iqtisodiyoti asosan qishloq xo'jaligiga asoslangan bo'lib, orol eksportining yarmidan ko'pini qishloq xo'jaligi mahsulotlari tashkil etadi. Xaynanning viloyat darajasiga ko'tarilishi (1988), shu bilan birga uning Xitoyning eng yirik davlati sifatida belgilanishi bilan birga bo'ldi "maxsus iqtisodiy zona ", orolning mo'l-ko'l manbalarini o'zlashtirishni tezlashtirish niyatida. Bungacha viloyat" obro'ga ega edi "Yovvoyi G'arb "maydoni, asosan tegmagan sanoatlashtirish; bugungi kunda ham nisbatan kam fabrikalar viloyatida. Turizm asosan tropik plyajlari va serqatnov o'rmonlari tufayli Xaynan iqtisodiyotining muhim qismidir. Markaziy hukumat Xaynandagi xorijiy investitsiyalarni rag'batlantirdi va orolga katta darajada bozor munosabatlariga tayanishga imkon berdi.[39]

Xaynan sanoatining rivojlanishi asosan mineral va qishloq xo'jaligi mahsulotlarini, xususan qayta ishlash bilan cheklanib qoldi kauchuk va Temir ruda. 50-yillardan boshlab texnika, qishloq xo'jaligi uskunalari va to'qimachilik da ishlab chiqarilgan Xaykou mahalliy iste'mol uchun maydon. Sanoatni kengaytirishning asosiy cheklovi etarli darajada ta'minlanmaganligi bo'ldi elektr energiyasi. Orolning ishlab chiqarish quvvatining katta qismi gidroelektr va u oqim va daryo oqimlarining mavsumiy tebranishlariga duch keladi.[40]

2009 yil dekabr oyida Xitoy hukumati Xaynanni 2020 yilgacha "xalqaro sayyohlik yo'nalishi" sifatida tashkil etishni rejalashtirayotganini e'lon qildi.[41] Ushbu e'lon viloyat iqtisodiyotida keskin o'sishga hissa qo'shdi, 2010 yilning dastlabki uch oyida investitsiyalarning o'tgan yilga nisbatan o'sishi 136,9% ni tashkil qildi. Xaynan ko'chmas mulk sektori viloyat iqtisodiy o'sishining uchdan bir qismidan ko'proqni tashkil etdi.[42]

Statistik idoraning Milliy iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy rivojlanishning statistik kommyunikesiga ko'ra YaIM 2017 yilda Xaynan provinsiyasining 446,3 mlrd yuan (66,1 mlrd.) AQSh dollari ), o'tgan yilga nisbatan 7,0 foizga o'sdi. Jami Qo'shilgan qiymat birlamchi sanoatning 97,9 milliard yuanini (14,5 milliard AQSh dollari) tashkil etdi, bu 3,6 foizga, ikkilamchi sanoatning 99,7 milliard yuaniga (14,8 milliard AQSh dollari), 2,7 foizga o'sdi va uchinchi darajali sanoatning 248,6 milliard yuanga teng bo'ldi. (36,8 mlrd. AQSh dollari), 10,2 foizga o'sdi. Birlamchi sanoatning qo'shimcha qiymati YaIMning 21,95 foizini tashkil etdi; ikkilamchi sanoatning ulushi 22,34 foizni tashkil etdi; uchinchi darajadagi sanoat esa 55,71 foizni tashkil etdi. The per capita GDP in 2017 was 48,430 yuan (7,173 US dollars).[43]

Qishloq xo'jaligi

One of the many rice fields in Hainan

Owing to Hainan's tropical climate, paddy rice is cultivated extensively in the northeastern lowlands and in the southern mountain valleys.[41] Leading crops other than rice include kokos, palma yog'i, sisal, tropik mevalar (shu jumladan ananas, of which Hainan is China's leading producer), qora qalampir, kofe, choy, kaju va shakarqamish.

The hot Xaynan sariq chiroq chili, a variety similar to the scotch bonnet, is unique to the island, and is grown in the southeast and southwest.

The total tropical crop area of Hainan is 100,000 hectares.[44]

Hainan is a major rubber producer. 20-asrning boshlarida Chinese emigrants returning from then Britaniya Malaya, tanishtirdi rubber trees to the island; after 1950, state farms were developed, and Hainan now produces a substantial amount of China's rubber. Natural rubber is now grown on 246,000 hectares of land. This ranks 6th in the world in harvest area and 5th in terms of output.[44]

Hainan has almost 93,000 hectares of areca palms. The product, the areca yong'og'i, is consumed locally and also sent to the mainland. Ninety-five percent of China's production of this nut is produced in Hainan.[45]

Domesticated farm animals comprise mainly goats, cows, water buffalo, chickens, geese and ducks.

Baliqchilik

Fish farms yilda Chengmai

Grouper, Spanish mackerel, and tuna[iqtibos kerak ] constitute the bulk of the catch from offshore fishing grounds. Scallops and pearls are raised in shallow bays and basins for local use and export.

Shrimp production is estimated to have been 120,000 to 150,000 metric tons (130,000 to 170,000 short tons) in 2007, more than 50% of which was exported. Hainan has over 400 inkubatsiya, most being located between Wenchang and Qionghai.

Tilapiya production in 2008 was 300,000 metric tons (330,000 short tons). The island has an estimated 100,000 local, commercial fish farming families.[46]

Turizm

Located in Sanya, this beach is typical of those along the entire eastern coast of Hainan

Hainan Island is often divided into eight regions for tourism purposes: Haikou and area (Haikou, Qiongshan, Ding'an ); the Northeast (Wenchang ); the Central East Coast (Qionghai, Ding'an); the South East Coast; the South (Sanya); the West Coast also called the Chinese Riviera (Ledong, Dongfang, Xianghsui, Changjiang); the North West (Danzhou, Lingao, Chengmai); and the Central Highlands (Baisha, Qiongzhong, and Wuzhishan/Tongzha).

Popular tourist destinations include the beaches and resorts in the southern part of the province. Inland is Five Finger Mountain, a scenic area. Tourists also visit the capital of Haikou with area visitor attractions such as Xaykou shahri va Dam olish plyaji.

Viza talablari

Shuningdek qarang: Xitoyning viza siyosati

In 2000, the province initiated a visa-upon-arrival policy for foreign tourist groups. It is available to citizens of twenty-six different countries, and was established in order to attract visitors.

Beginning 1 May 2018, citizens of 59 countries will be able to visit Hainan for 30 days without requiring a visa, provided that they come on a tour via a travel agency. Countries included among the 59 are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Spain, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, UAE, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[47]

Statistika

During 2008, 20.6 million tourists visited Hainan, producing total revenues of 19.23 billion yuan (US$2.81 billion). Of these tourists, 979,800 were from overseas with the largest numbers coming from South Korea, Russia and Japan.[48]

In 2010, the amount of overnight tourists visiting Hainan was 25.87 million, 663,000 of which came from outside China.[49]

During 2011, more than 30 million tourists visited Hainan, mostly from mainland China. Of the 814,600 overseas tourists, 227,600 of them came from Russia, a 53.3 percent a rise year-on-year.[50] Total revenue during that year was 32 billion RMB ($4.3 billion US), up 25 percent from 2010.[51]

In the first quarter of 2012, the Hainan Provincial Tourism Development Commission reports that Hainan received 208,300 overnight visitors, 25 percent of whom came from Russia.[50]

In 2014, Hainan received 50.2 million tourists, 660,000 of whom were from overseas.[52]

During 2015, Hainan received 53 million visitors.[53]

In 2016, over 60 million tourists went to Hainan, up 12.9% from 2015.[54]

During 2018, the province received over 76 million domestic and overseas tourists, a year-on-year increase of 11.8%. Revenue also increased 14.5% compared to the previous year for a total of 95 billion RMB (14 billion USD).[55][56]

Tibbiy turizm

The government of Hainan is expanding the province's tibbiy turizm sanoat.[57][58] The provincial government has established the Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone ichida Bo'ao maydon. The zone is located six kilometers from the Boao Forum for Asia and covers 20 square kilometers.[59] Bu haqida e'lon qilindi Osiyo uchun Boao forumi 2011 yilda.[60] The State Council has approved the development of Lecheng Island[61] as a medical tourism-themed destination.[62] Lecheng Island is a small island in the Wanquan River about 3 km (1.9 mi) west of the coastal town of Bo'ao on the west coast of the province. Construction on the 20 km2. The zone was begun in December 2014 and will cost a projected 1.5 billion yuan. It was scheduled for completion in 2016 and is the first special zone for medical travel in China.[63] As part of the zone, the Boao Super Hospital opened in 2018.

Tarixiy joylar

Asosiy maqola: Major national historical and cultural sites (Hainan)

Haikou is the province's capital and contains interesting historic sites. Also known as Coconut City, Haikou is a major port. The Five Officials Temple (Xitoy : 五公祠; pinyin : Wŭgōng cí, 20°0′35.79″N 110°21′17.34″E / 20.0099417°N 110.3548167°E / 20.0099417; 110.3548167) consists of five traditional temples and halls that were built in honour of five officials of the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties. These officials were banished to Hainan for periods ranging from 11 days to 11 years for speaking out against what they felt were wrong practices by the emperors. (It is perhaps significant that the establishment of the Five Officials Temple in the late 19th century coincides with a time when China's territorial integrity was under threat, and that several of the officials honoured here were exiled for espousing aggressive policies on the recapture of the north of China from the Jurxenlar during the Southern Qo'shiqlar sulolasi.)

Syuying Fort was built in 1891 to defend the southeastern corner of China during the Xitoy-Frantsiya urushi. The Xiuying Fort Barbette covers about a third of an acre. Its five large cannons are still intact and viewable at the site.

Qabr Xay Rui

The Tomb of Xay Rui (20°0′29.66″N 110°17′30.18″E / 20.0082389°N 110.2917167°E / 20.0082389; 110.2917167) is a key national cultural protection site. Xay Rui was a compassionate and popular official of Hainanese origins who lived during the Ming dynasty. He was famous for his lifelong honesty and his willingness to speak out on behalf of local people. In later life, Hai Rui was persecuted and fell out of favour with the emperor. His admirers built the Hai Rui Tomb after his death to commemorate his great works. Construction of the tomb began in 1589.

The Yangpu qadimiy tuz koni is a heritage site in Yantian village on Yangpu yarim oroli. The area comprises more than 1,000 stones, cut flat on top, used to dry seawater to produce salt.

Other attractions and destinations

Yalong ko'rfazi, the most expensive and well-known beach in Hainan, and the location of numerous 5-star hotels.

Hainan Island has a number of beaches, hot springs and other attractions. Some top scenic sites include Yalong bay National Resort; Dadonghai Tourist Resort; Qizhi Shan (Seven Finger Mountain), Nuilin mountain tropical botanical reserve in Lingshui county, Guantang Hot Spring Dam olish maskani, Shishan Volcanic Garden; The Vankan daryosi, Baishi Ridge Scenic Zone and Baihua Ridge.

Other attractions in Hainan include:

Yaxtalash

To encourage the international yachting community, new regulations now allow foreign yachts to stay for a total of 183 days each year, with a maximum single stay duration of 30 days. 13 additional ports will be built around the island to accommodate this market.[49]

Free trade zone

On 13 April 2018, Communist Party general secretary Si Tszinpin announced a plan to gradually make the island into a pilot free trade zone by 2020, and transform the entire island into a free trade port by the year 2025. This will involve inviting foreign and multi-national companies to set up their regional and international headquarters in Hainan.[64] Goods and services would be subject to low or even no tariffs. The zone will become China's largest free trade zone, and the first trade port since 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded.[65] Part of the plan is to establish exchanges in commodities and carbon trading, international energy, and shipping. Emphasis will also be placed on the development of service industries including tourism, the Internet, healthcare, finance, as well as conference and exhibitions hosting.[65]

Since the announcement in April 2018, Hainan had signed 159 contracts with major companies. In September 2018, China National Travel Service Group, China's biggest travel business conglomerate, relocated its headquarters from Beijing to Haikou. In October 2018, Baidu and Hainan signed a deal to built a 10-billion-yuan (US$1.45 billion) eco-village.[66]

In September 2018, a symposium was held in Beijing on foreign investment projects in Hainan. During that gathering, the Hainan government signed contracts with 26 international companies including Globevisa Group, Merlin Entertainments Group, Viacom, Ikea Group, Mapletree Investments, Avis byudjet guruhi, Yulduzli kruizlar va Boehringer Ingelheim.[66]

To bring talented workers to Hainan, in November 2018 the Hainan government held a recruitment fair in Beijing in an effort to bring 7,471 people to Hainan to work in government agencies, companies, and other institutions.[67]

Established prior to this announcement, and currently in existence, are the following economic and technological development zones:

Duty-free program

On 20 April 2011, a pilot soliqsiz program commenced with the aim of increasing hashamatli mahsulotlar purchases. It permits domestic Chinese visitors to claim tax refunds on imported luxury items purchased within the province. The maximum value is set at 5,000 yuan (US$762), with lowered tax rates on purchases over 5,000 yuan.[68] In October 2012, duty limits were raised to 8,000 yuan ($1,273), and became available to both domestic and international tourists.[69]

The total sales of duty-free products for 2012 was 2.4 billion yuan.[70]

The world's largest duty-free shopping complex is scheduled to open in Haitang ko'rfazi in August 2014.[71]

During 2018 Spring Festival, Hainan recorded a 25% increase in duty-free revenue, with 450 million yuan ($71 million) in sales. The two duty-free shops, located in Sanya and Haikou, received about 99,000 customers, a 32% gain.[72]

During 2018, the two duty-free shops had sales of more than 10 billion RMB and received 2.88 million customers.[55]

Tabiiy boyliklar

Hainan has commercially exploitable reserves of more than 30 minerallar. Temir, first mined by the Japanese during their occupation of the island in Ikkinchi jahon urushi, is the most important. Also important are titanium, marganets, volfram, boksit, molibden, kobalt, mis, oltin va kumush. There are large deposits of linyit va neft slanetsi on the island, and significant offshore finds of moy va tabiiy gaz have been discovered. Virgin forests in the interior mountains contain more than 20 commercially valuable species, including tik va sandal daraxti.

Real estate market

In 1990, Hainan province was the site of the largest property bust in modern Chinese history[41] With 2009 and the announcement of the Chinese Government's plan to develop the province into a major international tourist location, property sales rose by 73%, creating the possibility of another bubble in Hainan's property market.[41]

Since March 2010, commercial and residential property values in some parts of Hainan have slowed down since the market peaked in February.In March, average month-on-month transaction prices dropped 12.82% to 12,280 RMB per square meter, with a reduction in volume to 627,000 square metres (6,750,000 sq ft), a 19.05% decline. Later in April, prices declined 2.84% to 11,932 yuan per square metre, with a 57.59% decline in volume to 567,200 square meters (6,105,000 sq ft). Then in May prices declined a further 29.74% from the previous month to 8,483 yuan per square metre, with a 57.95% decline in volume to 229,000 square metres (2,460,000 sq ft).[73] However, property prices in the tourist resort of Sanya remain strong as of January 2011, with prime developments selling at prices of up to 80,000 RMB per square metre.

Data for 2016 data shows that Hainan saw an increase in house sales of 44%. Volume in sales was 129 billion RMB ($18.82 billion) which is a rise of 51.2 percent year-on-year. During that year in November, commercial apartments in Sanya sold for 20,695 RMB per square meter a rise of 15.75% year-on-year. The total amount of Sanya real estate sold during that time was 212,400 square metres.[74]

Out of China's twenty leading real estate developers, eighteen had invested in Hainan during 2016.[74]

In the beginning of 2017, the price for a house in Haikou was approximately 8,000 RMB ($1,170) per square meter and $20,000 RMB ($2,977) per square meter in Sanya.[75]

New 2018 regulations

On 23 April 2018, new rules came into effect regarding home purchases in Hainan. To be able to buy a house, non-Hainan residents must prove that they have a minimum of one family member who has been paying taxes or social security for at least 2 years.

Those non-Hainan residents who wish to purchase a house in Haikou, Sanya and Qionghai must prove that they have a minimum of one family member who has been paying taxes or social security for at least 5 years.

In Wuzhishan, Baoting, Qiongzhong and Baisha (the "central ecological core areas"), houses may only be purchased by local residents.

When non-residents do buy a property, the down payment must be at least 70 per cent. In order to curb speculation, owners may not sell their property for five years after receiving their ownership certificate.[76]

Golf industry

Shuningdek qarang: Golf in China § Hainan

This industry is expanding in Hainan, with numerous courses being constructed, including Mission Hills Haikou, which is one of the largest golf complexes in the world. The golf industry attracts foreign investment and overseas golfers from such countries as Australia, South Korea, and Japan.

Avtomobil sanoati

Automotive manufacturing is one of Eight industrial pillar industries. Hainan's automotive output was 39,600 in 2017, down by 41.1 percent over the previous year. Domestic Chinese manufacturer,[43] Haima avtoulovi has its global headquarters in Xaykou.

Tashqi savdo

As of 2017, the total value of imports and exports of goods reached 70,237 million yuan (10,403 million AQSh dollari ). Of which, the value of goods exported was 29,566 million yuan (4,379 million US dollars), the value of goods imported was 40,671 million yuan (6,024 million US dollars).[43]

Asan was Hainan's largest export trade partner in 2017, the value of goods exported to Asean was 12,289 yuan (1,820 million US dollars), accounted for 41.56 per cent of the total value of goods exported. Its second-largest foreign trade partner was Gonkong, the value of goods exported to Hong Kong was 2,966 yuan (439 million US dollars), accounted for 10.03 per cent of that. the 3rd largest partner was EU, the value of goods exported to EU was 2,186 yuan (324 million US dollars), accounted for 7.39 per cent of that.[43]

Transport

Yo'l

Map showing main highways

Before 1950 there were practically no transport links with the interior of the island. The first roads were built in the early 20th century, but no major road construction was undertaken in the mountains until the 1950s. Parallel north–south roads along the east and west coasts and through the interior of the island constitute most of Hainan's road network.

Hainan is the only province in China that does not have highway toll stations. This is due to the 1994 "fee-to-tax" reform.[65]

There are several major highways and expressways linking Haikou on the north coast with Sanya on the south coast. The G224 is 309 kilometres long and runs through the middle of the province. The Hainan Ring Highway has three parts: The G225 is 429 km (267 mi) long and is the western part. For most of its length, the G225 runs parallel to the Hainan western ring railway. The G223 is the eastern part, running from Haikou to Sanya. It is 323 kilometres long. The G98 is a 612.8-kilometre-long orbital expressway that encircles the island. Hainan Highway 1, a new 1,040-km-long scenic highway, will be built around the island, along the coast starting in May 2019.[77]

There are also numerous rural roads within the province. These are typically two-way asphalt roads and connect larger towns. Connecting the thousands of villages to one another and to farms, are concrete roads about 6 metres wide. Many of these were built from roughly from the year 2000 onward, and as of 2019, are still being built.

Ko'priklar

While a bridge connecting Hainan to the Leizhou peninsula on the mainland was planned in the early 2000s it never came to fruition. A bridge or tunnel received continued consideration in 2018, as travel by air or ferry can leave residents and visitors isolated when bad weather sets in.[78]

Havo

Hainan Province has two international airports (Xayku Meylan xalqaro aeroporti va Sanya Feniks xalqaro aeroporti ) and two domestic airports (Qionghai Bo'ao Airport va Danzhou Airport, the latter is under construction.)

Temir yo'l

Train ferry of Guangdong-Xaynan temir yo'li leaving South Port, Haikou

Today's Hainan is ringed by standard-gauge railways. Since 2004, a temir yo'l paromi connects the island's railroad network to Guangdong, mainland China.[79] 2005 yilda, Aloqa vazirligi allocated 20 million yuan (US$2.4 million) to set up a committee to research and study the possibility of a bridge or tunnel link connecting the island to the mainland.[80] From the ferry terminal, located near Xaykou temir yo'l stantsiyasi (west of Haikou), freight and passenger trains arriving from the mainland can proceed on the Hainan western ring railway along the island's west coast, via Dongfang to Sanya. This railway line has been developed over several decades, starting with a few short 3 fut 6 dyuym (1,067 mm) tor o'lchagich lines constructed during the Japanese occupation in the early 1940s.

There is a high-speed railway ring around the island, formed by the eastern ring va western ring along the island's coast. Both high-speed railways are connected with Xaykou va Sanya. There are 15 stations along the east coast, and 16 stations along the west coast. Trains are designed to travel at 250 km/h (160 mph) on the east ring, and 200 km/h (120 mph) on the west ring. The total length of eastern ring is 308.11 km (191.45 mi), while the western ring is 344 kilometres (214 mi).[81] The first eastern ring high-speed train run started on 30 December 2010,[82] va Xaynan g'arbiy halqa tezyurar temir yo'l started its operation in 2015. The western ring high-speed railway is roughly paralleling the existing Western Ring Railway.[83]

Dengiz portlari

Xaykou Syuying porti

Hainan received 11,000 tons of products via ports November 2010, up 90.1 percent month-on-month. Between January and November 2010, 102,000 tons of products were exported via Hainan, 34,000 tons of which were exported to the US, and 14,000 tons sent to the EU.[86]

Ta'lim

Xayku iqtisodiyot kolleji, Guilinyang campus
Shuningdek qarang: Xaynandagi universitetlar va kollejlar ro'yxati

The level of primary and secondary education has improved since 1949, but facilities for higher education remain somewhat inadequate.[iqtibos kerak ]

Madaniyat

Xaynan viloyat muzeyi

As a frontier region celebrated by such exiled poets as Su Dongpo, Hainan acquired an air of mystery and romance. The influx of large numbers of mainlanders after 1950 – particularly in the 1970s, when young Chinese from southern Guangdong were assigned to state farms to help develop Hainan, and in the 1980s, when thousands more came to take advantage of the economic opportunities offered – has perpetuated the frontier atmosphere on the island.

OAV

As well as programmes from Markaziy Xitoy televideniesi (CCTV), Xaynanda qator mahalliy telekanallar mavjud, shu jumladan Hainan TV va Haikou TV. Xitoy tili Nanguo Metropolis Daily, Xaykou kechki yangiliklari va Hainan Daily gazetalari Xaykou shahrida nashr etiladi.

Xaykou shahrining janubiy qismida katta kinostudiya joylashgan. Xaykou shahri bir nechta studiya binolari va filmlar to'plami sifatida ishlatiladigan sun'iy shaharchani va mehmonlarni jalb qilishni o'z ichiga oladi.

Oshxona

Xaynanda xizmat qiladigan umumiy taomlar
Asosiy maqola: Xaynan oshxonasi

Xaynan oshxonasi "engilroq, yumshoq ziravorlar bilan" deyiladi. Xanlarning ta'mi bilan mahalliy ta'm juda ko'p aralashtiriladi. Dengiz mahsulotlari menyuda ustunlik qiladi, chunki qisqichbaqalar, qisqichbaqalar, baliqlar va boshqa dengiz hayoti keng tarqalgan.

Wenchang tovuqi Xaynan viloyatida ma'lum bo'lgan taomdir. Ushbu taomning ko'p navlari mavjud bo'lsa-da, odatda bu ism kichik, erkin tovuq turini aniqlash uchun ishlatiladi Wenchang, viloyatning sharqiy qirg'og'ida joylashgan. Aksincha batareya tovuqlar, uning go'shti ko'proq tuzilishga ega va biroz quruqroq.

Xaynan tovuq guruchi / Coibui Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoda, ayniqsa, mashhur taomdir Singapur va Malayziya, mintaqa nomini olgan. Shu bilan birga, ko'plab restoranlarda tovoqqa tez lazzat qo'shish uchun tovuq yog'i ishlatiladi, ammo mahalliy usul to'g'ri ta'mni qo'shish uchun guruchni tovuq sho'rva bilan "marinadlash" dir.

Tadbirlar

Orolda ko'plab tadbirlar o'tkaziladi yoki homiylik qilinadi, jumladan:

Turli mavzular

  • Roman, Qizil otryad, tomonidan Liang Sin, Xaynan shahrida o'rnatildi. Dastlab roman 1950-yillarda badiiy filmga, so'ngra 1960-yillarda baletlardan biri sifatida baletga moslashtirildi Sakkizta model o'ynaydi. O'sha davrdagi odamlarning aksariyati Xaynan orolining o'zlarining romantik tasvirlarini baletdagi sahnalardan, xususan, kokos daraxtlarining yorqin o'rmonlari - Besh Barmoq Tog'idan (Wuzhi Shan ), va Vankan daryosi.
  • Xaynan shahrida ikkita taniqli dengiz chiroqlari joylashgan: Baishamen dengiz chiroqi va Mulantou dengiz chiroqi dunyodagi eng balandlar qatoriga kiradi, ikkinchisi Xitoyda eng baland.
  • 3024 Xaynan, viloyat nomi bilan atalgan, an tashqi asosiy kamar asteroid 1981 yilda kashf etilgan.
  • Xaynan Kopi ertaklari 1960 yildan 1980 yilgacha Xaynanlarning turmush tarzini o'rganadigan mashhur Xaynan qahvaxonasida namoyish etilgan mukofotga sazovor bo'lgan Singapur xitoy seriali.
  • Hainan Resort shuningdek, 2013 yilgi video o'yinning ko'p o'yinchi xaritasidir Jang maydoni 4.

Kosmik markaz

Asosiy maqola: Wenchang kosmik kemasini ishga tushirish sayti

Xitoyning sun'iy yo'ldoshlarini uchirish markazlaridan biri Xaynan shahrining sharqida joylashgan Wenchang. The Wenchang sun'iy yo'ldoshni uchirish markazi, 1200 gektar (3000 gektar) inshoot, Xitoyning ekvatorga uchirish markazidir. Qurilish rejasi birinchi bo'lib 2007 yil oktyabr oyida e'lon qilingan edi. Yangi ishga tushirish markazi 2016 yil 3 noyabrda ish boshladi Uzoq 5 mart raketa ishlab chiqarish birinchi parvoz.

Taniqli aholi

Shoir Su Shi (1036-1101) Xaynan u erda surgun qilinganida, uning izolyatsiyasi va ekzotizmini ommalashtirdi Qo'shiqlar sulolasi. The Dongpo akademiyasi u surgunda yashagan qarorgohning o'rnida qurilgan.

Xay Rui (1514–1587) ning mashhur Xitoy amaldori Min sulolasi. Uning ismi tarixga mansabda halollik va halollik namunasi sifatida kiritilgan.

Chih-Ping Chen (1906-1983) Yunnan-Birma yo'lini qurishda xizmat qilgan Xitoy Respublikasi uchun taniqli diplomat va davlat arbobi va qirq o'n yillik diplomatik martaba.

Xaynanning eng taniqli fuqarosi xitoylik-amerikalikdir Metodist vazir biznesmenga aylandi, Charli Soong, otasi Shanxay - tug'ilgan Soong opa-singillar: Soong Ai-ling, xotini H. H. Kung (bir paytlar Xitoyning eng boy odami); Soong Ching-ling, xotini Sun Yat-Sen; va Soong Mei-ling, sobiq xotini ROC Prezident Chiang Qay-shek.

Vang Feifey (Fei), qo'shiqchi, aktrisa, ko'ngil ochuvchi va a'zosi Janubiy Koreya qizlar guruhi Miss A

Xalqaro hamkorlik

Xaynan ushbu joylar bilan xalqaro aloqalarga ega:[92]

Qardosh shtat / viloyatSuveren mamlakatBirodarlik munosabatlarini o'rnatish sanasi
HyogoYaponiya1990 yil 28 sentyabr
GavayiQo'shma ShtatlarIyun. 30, 1992 yil
JejuJanubiy Koreya1995 yil 6 oktyabr
QrimUkraina1996 yil 15-aprel
SebuFilippinlarIyun. 09, 1996 yil
AradRuminiya2000 yil 27 sentyabr
ZaltsburgAvstriya2000 yil 24 oktyabr
Shahzoda Eduard oroliKanada2001 yil 20-iyun
Janubiy SinayMisr2002 yil 03 avgust
OuluFinlyandiya2002 yil 11-dekabr
BalearesIspaniyaIyul. 29, 2004 yil
PuketTailand2005 yil 25 sentyabr
Janubiy viloyatShri-Lanka2005 yil 23 aprel
KanareykaIspaniya2005 yil 11-noyabr
LyubuskiPolsha2006 yil 24 fevral
Sharqiy Yangi BritaniyaPapua-Yangi Gvineya2006 yil 28 sentyabr
Kampong ChamKambodja2006 yil 27 mart
Quang NinhVetnam2007 yil 19 aprel
Kintana RooMeksika2008 yil 30 sentyabr
Qizilo‘rdaQozog'iston2009 yil 3-iyul
ParanaBraziliyaMart. 13, 2010 yil
GotlandShvetsiya2010 yil 2-noyabr
SardiniyaItaliya2011 yil 13 oktyabr
BaliIndoneziya2011 yil 20 oktyabr
NampulaMozambik2013 yil 18 sentyabr
PenangMalayziya2013 yil 7-noyabr
Janubiy Moraviya viloyatiChex Respublikasi2016 yil 29 aprel
ZararkunandaVengriya2016 yil 12 iyun
Luang PrabangLaos2016 yil 16-iyul

Shuningdek qarang

Eslatma

  1. ^ Tayvan oroli biroz kattaroq, da'vo qilingan, ammo XXR tomonidan nazorat qilinmaydi. Buning o'rniga Xitoy Respublikasi, a de-fakto alohida mamlakat.

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Qo'shimcha o'qish

  • D'Arcy Braun, Liam (2003). Yashil Ajdaho, Sombre Warrior: Xitoyning chekka joylariga sayohat qiladi. London: Jon Myurrey. ISBN  0-7195-6038-1
  • Edmonds, Richard Lui. "Xaynan viloyati va uning Xitoy geografiyasiga ta'siri", Geografiya, Jild 74, № 2 (1989 yil aprel), 165–169-betlar

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