Jek Abramoff - Jack Abramoff - Wikipedia

Jek Abramoff
Abramoff SIAC 20040929 2.jpg
Abramoff Senatning Hindiston ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitasida guvohlik berdi, 2004 yil 29 sentyabr
Tug'ilgan
Jek Allan Abramoff

(1959-02-28) 1959 yil 28 fevral (61 yosh)
Atlantika Siti, Nyu-Jersi, BIZ.
MillatiAmerika
Ta'limBrandeis universiteti (BA )
Jorjtaun universiteti (JD )
Kasb
  • lobbist
  • Tadbirkor
  • kino prodyuseri
  • yozuvchi
Faol yillar1994 yil - hozirgi kunga qadar
Ma'lumJek Abramoff hindlarning lobbichilik mojarosi
Siyosiy partiyaRespublika
Jinoiy ayblov (lar)Firibgarlik, fitna, soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlash
Jinoiy jazo5 yil 10 oy qamoq
Jinoiy holat2010 yil 3-dekabrda chiqarilgan
Turmush o'rtoqlar
Pamela Klark Aleksandr
​
​
(m. 1986)​
Bolalar3
Veb-saytRasmiy veb-sayt

Jek Allan Abramoff (/ˈeɪbramɒf/; 1959 yil 28 fevralda tug'ilgan) - an Amerikalik lobbist, biznesmen, kino prodyuseri, yozuvchi va sudlangan jinoyat.[1][2] U keng odamning markazida edi korruptsiya boshchiligidagi tergov Graf Devani[3] bu uning sudlanishiga va 21 kishiga aybini tan olishiga yoki aybdor deb topilishiga olib keldi;[4] shu jumladan oq uy mansabdor shaxslar J. Stiven Graylz va Devid Safaviy, AQSh vakili Bob Ney va yana to'qqiz nafar lobbi va kongress yordamchilari.

Abramoff edi Kollej respublika milliy qo'mitasi 1981 yildan 1985 yilgacha milliy rais, asoschilaridan biri Xalqaro erkinlik jamg'armasi tomonidan moliyalashtirilganligi taxmin qilinmoqda aparteid Janubiy Afrika,[5][6] va direktorlar kengashida xizmat qilgan Milliy siyosatni tadqiq qilish milliy markazi, a konservativ fikr markazi. 1994 yildan 2001 yilgacha u firmaning eng yaxshi lobbisti bo'lgan Preston Geyts va Ellis, keyin esa Grinberg Traurig 2004 yil martgacha.

Aybiga iqror bo'lganidan keyin Jek Abramoff tub amerikaliklarning lobbichilik mojarosi va uning munosabatlari SunCruz kazinolari 2006 yil yanvarida u uchun olti yilga ozodlikdan mahrum etildi pochta orqali firibgarlik, fitna davlat amaldorlariga pora berish va soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlash. U 2010 yil 3-dekabrda ozod qilinishdan 43 oy oldin xizmat qildi.[7] Qamoqdan chiqqanidan keyin u avtobiografik kitob yozgan Kapitoliy jazosi: Amerikaning eng shov-shuvli lobbistidan Vashington korrupsiyasi to'g'risida qattiq haqiqat 2011 yil noyabr oyida nashr etilgan.

Abramoffning lobbi va atrofidagi janjallar va tergov 2010 yilgi ikkita filmning mavzusi: hujjatli film Casino Jek va Qo'shma Shtatlar, 2010 yil may oyida chiqarilgan,[8] va badiiy film Casino Jack, 2010 yil 17 dekabrda chiqarilgan, bosh rollarda Kevin Speysi Abramoff sifatida.[9][10]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Jek Abramoff yahudiydir va 1959 yil 28 fevralda tug'ilgan Atlantika Siti, Nyu-Jersi.[11][12] Uning ota-onasi Jeyn (qarindoshi Divac) va Franchayzlar bo'limi prezidenti bo'lgan Franklin Abramoff edi. Diners Club kredit karta kompaniyasi.[6][13]

Abramoffning oilasi ko'chib o'tdi Beverli-Xillz, Kaliforniya, u o'n yoshida (1968 yilda). Ning film versiyasini ko'rgandan so'ng Uyingizda fiddler o'n ikki yoshida, Abramoff mashq qilishga qaror qildi Pravoslav yahudiylik.[14] Kaliforniyada Abramoff ishtirok etdi Beverli-Xillz o'rta maktabi.[15] O'rta maktabda u o'ynagan futbol va og'irlik ko'tarish bo'yicha chempion bo'ldi.[11] Pulitser mukofoti - yutuqli oziq-ovqat tanqidchisi Jonathan Gold Xuddi shu yili Beverli-Xillz High-da Abramoff bo'lgan edi, u haqida aytib berdi Yahudiy jurnali Abramoff uni va viyolonselni zinapoyadan pastga tushirgan payt.[16]

Kollej va huquqshunoslik yillari

Talaba sifatida Brandeis universiteti,[15] Abramoff Massachusets shtatidagi kollej respublikachilari alyansining raisi bo'lib ishlagan, u ko'ngilli talabalarni tashkil qilgan Ronald Reygan "s 1980 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi. U bitirgan B.A. yilda Ingliz tili 1981 yilda Yuris doktori dan Jorjtaun universiteti yuridik markazi 1986 yilda.

Ga binoan Nina Iston, Abramoff konservativ harakatdagi ishonchini otasi Franklin Abramoff orqali olgan. Prezident sifatida Diners Club International, Abramoffning otasi yaqindan ishlagan Alfred S. Bloomingdeyl, Reyganning shaxsiy do'sti.[17]

Prezident Reygan Jek Abramoff va Grover Norquist bilan kollej respublika milliy qo'mitasi munosabati bilan uchrashuv, 1981 y

Kollej respublika milliy raisi

Brandeisni tugatgandan so'ng, Abramoff raislikka saylandi Kollej respublika milliy qo'mitasi (CRNC). 11000 dollardan ortiq mablag 'sarflangan va boshqariladigan kampaniyadan so'ng Grover Norquist, Abramoff saylovda g'olib chiqdi. Uning bosh raqibi, Emi Morits maktabni tashlab ketishga ishontirildi. (Keyinchalik, Emi Ridenur sifatida u direktorning asoschisi bo'ldi Milliy siyosatni tadqiq qilish milliy markazi. U bir necha kishi bilan davolangan Jek Abramoff tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan sayohatlar u lobbist sifatida ishlaganida.) Abramoff "[kollej] qo'mitasining yo'nalishini o'zgartirdi va ko'proq qildi faol va har qachongidan ham konservativ ", deb ta'kidlaydi CRNC." Bizning ishimiz emas bilan tinch yashashni izlash Chapda "Abramoff guruhning 1983 yilgi yillik hisobotida aytilgan." Bizning vazifamiz ularni hokimiyatdan butunlay olib tashlashdir ".[18]

Norquist Abramoff davrida qo'mitaning ijrochi direktori bo'lib ishlagan. Keyinchalik u yolladi Ralf Rid, sobiq prezidenti Jorjiya universiteti Kollej respublikachilari bobi, to'lanmagan stajyor sifatida. Ridning kitobiga ko'ra Faol imon, Rid Abramoffni Pamela Klark Aleksandr bilan tanishtirdi va keyinchalik ular turmush qurishdi.[19]

Abramoff CRNC raisi sifatida 1984 yilda Texas shtatining Dallas shahrida bo'lib o'tgan respublikachilarning milliy anjumanida nutq so'zladi.[20]

Kollejning uzoq yillik siyosiy ittifoqlari

CRNC-da Abramoff butun respublika bo'ylab kollejlarning respublika bo'limlari prezidentlari bilan siyosiy ittifoqlarni rivojlantirdi. Ko'pchilik keyinchalik davlat va milliy siyosat va biznesda muhim rollarni egallashadi, ba'zilari esa keyinchalik Abramoff bilan lobbist sifatida o'zaro aloqada bo'lishadi. Ushbu munosabatlarning ba'zilari federal tergovning asosiy qismidir.

CRNCda Abramoff, Norquist va Rid "Abramoff-Norquist-Rid triumvirati" deb nomlanuvchi tashkilotni tashkil etishdi. Abramoff saylangandan so'ng, uchlik "dissidentlarni" tozalab, tashkilot ustidan nazoratni mustahkamlash uchun CRNC nizomini qayta yozdi. Istonning so'zlariga ko'ra Besh kishilik to'da, Rid "tirnoqli odam" edi va "Abramoff-Norquist buyruqlarini shafqatsiz samaradorlik bilan bajardi, barmoq izlarini yashirishga qiynalmadi".[17]

1983 yilda CRNC "qasddan ekilganini" qoralagan rezolyutsiya qabul qildi tashviqot tomonidan KGB va Sovet proksi kuchlari "ning hukumatiga qarshi Janubiy Afrika, mamlakat hukumati uning uchun butun dunyo tanqidiga uchragan bir paytda aparteid tartib.[21]

1984 yilda Abramoff va boshqa kollej respublikachilari "AQSh fondi" ni tashkil etishdi, a partiyasiz AQShning kollejlar shaharchalarida ikki kunlik mitinglarni o'tkazgan soliqdan ozod qilingan tashkilot Grenadaga bostirib kirish. Abramoff kampus respublikachilar rahbarlariga yo'llagan maktubida:

Talabalarni ozod qilish kuniga bag'ishlangan koalitsiya xolis bo'lmagan va faqat ma'rifiy maqsadlar uchun mo'ljallangan bo'lsa-da, men sizga ushbu kollejning (kollej respublikachilari) bizning sa'y-harakatlarimiz uchun qanchalik muhimligini aytib berishga hojat yo'q. Ishonchim komilki, Eronda Karter / Mondale muvaffaqiyatsizligi va Grenadada Reygan g'alabasi o'rtasidagi qarama-qarshiliklarni xolisona o'rganish umumiy saylovdan 12 kun oldin saylovchilar uchun eng ma'rifiy bo'ladi.[22]

Amerika uchun fuqarolar

1985 yilda Abramoff qo'shildi Amerika uchun fuqarolar, yordam bergan Reygan tarafdorlari guruhi Oliver Shimoliy uchun qo'llab-quvvatlashni yaratish Nikaragua Qarama-qarshiliklar. Fuqarolar Amerika uchun misli ko'rilmagan yig'ilish o'tkazdilar anti-kommunistik sifatida tanilgan isyonchilar rahbarlari Xalqaro Demokratik yilda Jamba, Angola. Ushbu konferentsiyada Mujohidin dan Afg'oniston, UNITA dan Angola, Contras va muxolifat guruhlari Laos. Ushbu tantanali anjumandan Xalqaro Ozodlik Jamg'armasi chiqdi. Abramoff tashkil etishga yordam berdi, shuningdek konferentsiyada qatnashdi.[23]

Abramoffning a'zoligi "Citizens for America" ​​homiysi bo'lganida natija tugadi Lyuis Lehrman, Nyu-York gubernatorligiga sobiq nomzod, Abramoff pullarini beparvolik bilan sarflagan degan xulosaga keldi.[24]

1986 yilda Reygan Abramoffni a'zosi etib tayinladi Qo'shma Shtatlardagi Holokost yodgorligi Kengash.[25]

Film ishlab chiqarish va Janubiy Afrikadagi aloqalar

Abramoff 10 yilni o'tkazdi Gollivud. U akasi Robert bilan 1989 yilda ishlangan (hikoyani yozgan) va suratga olgan Qizil Chayon. Oxir oqibat film 16 million dollarga tushdi (8 million dollarlik dastlabki byudjetdan) va bosh rolni ijro etdi Dolph Lundgren o'ynash Spetsnaz o'xshash Sovet tomonidan yuborilgan komando Nikolay SSSR o'ldirmoq Afrika o'xshash mamlakatda inqilobiy Angola. Nikolay Sovetlarning yovuzligini ko'rib, tomonlarini o'zgartiradi va Afrika tomoni uchun ozodlik kurashchisiga aylanadi.[26][27][28] Abramoff shuningdek 1994 yilda uning davomini ijro etgan Qizil Chayon 2.

The Janubiy Afrika hukumat tomonidan filmni moliyalashtirgan Xalqaro erkinlik jamg'armasi, Abramoff boshchiligidagi oldingi guruh, xalqaro hamdardlikni susaytirishga qaratilgan harakatlari doirasida Afrika milliy kongressi.[29]Filmni suratga olish joyi bo'lgan Janubiy-G'arbiy Afrika (hozir Namibiya ).[30][31]

1998 yil 27 aprelda Abramoff tahririyatiga xat yozdi Sietl Tayms u va uning taxmin qilingan roli kabi tanqidiy maqolani rad etish a Jamoat bilan aloqa o'sha paytdagi qo'g'irchoqaparteid Janubiy Afrika armiyasi. Abramoff raddiya qildi:

IFF men rahbarlik qilgan konservativ guruh edi. Bu kuchli edi anti-kommunistik, ammo u faol ravishda aparteidga qarshi edi. 1987 yilda u birinchilardan bo'lib ozodlikka chiqishni talab qilgan konservativ guruhlardan biri edi Nelson Mandela, o'sha paytdagi boshqa konservatorlar tomonidan tanqid qilingan pozitsiya. Men IFFni boshqarganimda, biz faqat xususiy shaxslar va korporatsiyalardan moliyalashtirishni qabul qildik va Janubiy Afrikaning harbiy mablag'larini har qanday taklifini yoki har qanday hukumatning boshqa turdagi mablag'larini - yaxshi yoki yomonni rad etgan bo'lardik.[32]

Ushbu davrda Janubiy Afrikada Abramoff birinchi bo'lib Janubiy Afrikada tug'ilgan ravvin Devid Lapin, kim uning diniy maslahatchisi bo'ladi. U Lapinning ukasi va hamkori ravvin bilan ham uchrashdi Daniel Lapin, go'yoki Abramoffni kongressmenga tanishtirgan Tom DeLay (R-TX ) a Vashington, DC kechki ovqat Respublikani egallash Kongressning 1994 y.[33] Keyinchalik Lapin ushbu kirish so'zini eslamaganligini aytdi.

Sietlga asoslangan lobbi

1994 yil dekabrda Abramoff lobbist sifatida ishga qabul qilindi Preston Geyts Ellis & Rouvelas Meeds LLP, yuridik firmaning lobbi qo'li Preston Geyts & Ellis LLP asoslangan Sietl, Vashington. Ga binoan Sietl Tayms, 1995 yilda Kongressning respublika boshqaruvini qo'lga kiritgandan so'ng, sherigi Emanuel Rouvelas firmaning "konservatori yo'qligini" aniqladi Xristian koalitsiyasi Respublikachilarning yangi rahbariyati bilan mustahkam aloqada bo'lgan respublikachi ".[34] An'anaviy ravishda Demokratik - kerakli firibgarlikka erishish uchun Abramoffni yollagan firma. Abramoff press-relizda yaqin aloqalarga ega deb ta'riflangan Nyut Gingrich va Dik Armey, sobiq respublikachilar palatasining spikeri va ikkinchisi respublikachilar palatasining ko'pchilik rahbari.

Ga binoan Sietl Tayms, Abramoff mijozlarining yuqori nasl-nasabiga kirish uchun Preston Geyts va Ellisdan foydalangan.[35]

Choktav qimor o'yinlari

1995 yilda Abramoff tub amerikalik qabilalarni qimor o'yinlari bilan namoyish qila boshladi. U bilan aloqada bo'ldi Missisipi guruhi - Choktava, federal tan olingan qabila. Abramoffning qabila o'yin lobbisti sifatida qilgan birinchi harakatlaridan biri Kongressning mahalliy amerikalik kazinolarga soliq to'lash to'g'risidagi qonun loyihasini mag'lub etishidir, homiysi. Bill Archer (R-TX) va Ernest Istuk (R-OK ). Ga binoan Vashington Business Forward, lobbi savdo jurnali, "Tom DeLay bu g'alabalarda muhim omil bo'ldi va kurash bu ikki odam o'rtasidagi ittifoqni mustahkamlashga yordam berdi".[36] DeLay Abramoffni "uning eng yaqin va eng aziz do'stlaridan biri" deb atadi.

Washington Post, 2005 yil 29 dekabrda quyidagicha xabar berdi: "Jek Abramoff muloqotga o'tishni yaxshi ko'rardi Cho'qintirgan ota u o'zining lobbi hamkasblarini Kapitoliy tepaligida navbatdagi zabt etishni rejalashtirishda etakchilik qilganida. Sevimli bitda u muzday sovuqni taqlid qiladi Maykl Korleone egri siyosatchining qisqartirishni talab qilishiga qarshi Mafiya qimor o'yinlaridan olinadigan foyda: 'Senator, agar xohlasangiz, hozir javob bera olasiz. Mening taklifim shu: hech narsa yo'q. "[37]

Salon.com siyosiy yozuvchi Tomas Frank Abramoffni "a" rolini o'ynagan deb hisoblaydi firibgar.[38][39] Aleks Gibni, 2010 yildagi hujjatli filmning rejissyori va yozuvchisiCasino Jek va Qo'shma Shtatlar, Abramoffning jinoyatchisi haqida batafsil ma'lumot berdi modus operandi. Gibni: "Uning (Abramoffning) eng yaxshi sovg'alaridan biri odamlarga eshitishni istagan narsalarini aytib bera olish edi va shu bilan u narsalarni sotish va ularni muammolarga duchor qilish imkoniyatiga ega edi". U AQShning sobiq vakili bilan suhbatlashdi Bob Ney va sobiq Greenberg Traurig lobbisti Nil Volz Kojo Nnamdi Milliy jamoat radiosi filiali WAMU-FM radio-shousi.

Saypan va Shimoliy Mariana orollari

Asosiy maqola: Jek Abramoff CNMI janjali

Abramoff va uning yuridik firmasi tomonidan kamida $ 6,7 mln Shimoliy Mariana orollari hamdo'stligi (CNMI) 1995 yildan 2001 yilgacha. "" Belgisi bilan ishlab chiqarilgan tovarlarni ishlab chiqaradi.AQSHda tayyorlangan ", lekin u AQShga bo'ysunmagan. mehnat va eng kam ish haqi qonunlar. Abramoff DeLay va uning xodimlariga CNMIga sayohat qilish uchun pul to'laganidan so'ng, ular federallardan ozod qilishni kengaytiradigan siyosat ishlab chiqdilar immigratsiya va mehnat qonunchiligi orollar sanoatiga. Abramoff shuningdek, Marianas bilan 1,2 million dollar evaziga muzokara olib bordi taklif qilinmaydigan shartnoma "hukumatda axloq qoidalarini targ'ib qilgani" uchun uning sherigi Daniel Lapinning ukasi Devid Lapinga beriladi.

Abramoff kongressmenlar uchun Marianaga sayohatni yashirincha moliyalashtirgan Jeyms E. Kliburn (D-SC ) va Benni Tompson (D-XONIM ). 1999 yilda kongressmen Dana Rohrabaxer (R-CA ) davom etdi Abramoff tomonidan moliyalashtirilgan sayohat uchun Marshal orollari bilan Jon Dolitl (R-CA) va Ken Kalvert (R-CA); delegatlari Guam, Amerika Samoasi, va Virgin orollari; va sakkiz nafar xodim.[40]

Hujjatlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, Abramoffning lobbi jamoasi Repni tayyorlashda yordam bergan. Ralf Xoll u (R-TX) uyning qavatidagi bayonotlarida, u qochib ketgan o'spirinning ishonchiga hujum qilgan jinsiy aloqa xodimi "Katrina" uning ahvoliga oid ko'rsatmalarini obro'sizlantirish uchun jinsiy qul Marianalardagi sanoat.[41] Xonim. jurnali Abramoffning CNMI-dagi muomalalari va Katrina singari tikuvchilik ishchilarining ahvoli haqida 2006 yil bahorida nashr etilgan katta maqolasida xabar bergan.[42]

Abramoff a-dan pochta jo'natmalarini tashkil qildi Ralf Rid marketing kompaniyasi Xristian konservativ saylovchilar. U Rojer Stilluellga pora bergan, u yuqori lavozimli siyosiy tayinlagan Ichki ishlar boshqarmasi ba'zi mahalliy Amerika o'yin siyosati uchun kim javobgar edi; Stillvell 2006 yilda Abramoffdan sovg'alar olishda aybini tan oldi. Barcha davlat amaldorlari va xodimlariga maslahatchilar, korxonalar va lobbistlardan sovg'alar olish taqiqlanadi.

Naftasib

Ning rahbarlari Naftasib[tushuntirish kerak ], a Ruscha energetika kompaniyasi, Abramoff va DeLay maslahatchisiga deyarli 3,4 million dollar miqdorida mablag 'ajratdi Ed Bakem 1997 yildan 2005 yilgacha. a uchun taxminan 60 000 dollar sarflangan sayohat 1997 yilda Tom DeLay, Bakem va Abramoff uchun Rossiyaga. 1998 yilda uning tashkiloti orqali Bakxemga 1 million dollar yuborilgan AQSh oilaviy tarmog'i "DeLay-ning 1998 yildagi ovoz berishiga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan qonunchilikka ta'sir o'tkazish Xalqaro valyuta fondi Rossiyaning sustlashayotgan iqtisodiyotini qutqarish ". DeLay qonunchilik uchun ovoz berdi. Pul mablag'lari orqali sarflandi Golland Voor Huisen kompaniyasi Bagama orollari kompaniyasi Chelsea Enterprises va London James & Sarch Co. yuridik firmasi[43][44]

1997 yilgi sayohat paytida DeLay bilan uchrashgan rahbarlar Marina Nevskaya va Aleksandr Koulakovskiy edi. Nevskaya Abramoffni qo'llab-quvvatlashda ham ishtirok etgan Isroil Abramoffga yuborilgan elektron pochta xabarida ko'rsatilgan harbiy akademiya.[45]

eLottery, Inc.

Asosiy maqola: Internetda qimor o'ynashni taqiqlash to'g'risidagi qonun

1999 yilda, eLottery blokirovka qilish uchun Abramoffni yolladi Internetda qimor o'ynashni taqiqlash to'g'risidagi qonun, u buni harbiy xizmatga jalb qilish orqali amalga oshirdi Ralf Rid, Norquist va Tom DeLayning sobiq shtabi rahbari, Toni Rudi.

2000 yildagi elektron pochta xabarlari buni ko'rsatadi Syuzan Ralston Abramoffga eLottery-dan chexlarni o'tkazishda yordam berdi Lou Sheldon "s An'anaviy qadriyatlar koalitsiyasi (TVC) va shuningdek, Norquistnikiga Amerikaliklar soliq islohoti uchun (ATR), yo'lda Ralf Rid kompaniyasi, Asr strategiyalari.[46]

Abramoff Grinberg Traurig tarkibiga kiradi

Asosiy maqola: Abramoff jamoasi

2001 yil 8 yanvarda Abramoff Preston Geytsni Vashington shtatidagi "Greenberg Traurig" yuridik firmasining hukumat bilan aloqalar bo'limiga qo'shilish uchun tark etdi, u bir vaqtlar uni "respublikachilar partiyasi va konservativ harakatlarning etakchilik tuzilmalarida bevosita ishtirok etgan" va "etakchi o'rinlardan biri" deb ta'riflagan. partiya va uning kongressga nomzodlari uchun mablag 'yig'uvchilar ".[47] Grinberg Traurigga ko'chib o'tishda Abramoff o'zining sobiq firmasidan 6 million dollarlik mijozlar biznesini, shu jumladan Marianas orollari hisobini oldi. Grinberg Traurigda Abramoff taniqli "Team Abramoff" nomi bilan tanilgan lobbistlar jamoasini jalb qildi. Jamoa tarkibiga uning ko'plab sobiq xodimlari kirgan Preston Geyts va Kongress a'zolarining sobiq yuqori lavozimli xodimlari.

Qabilalarning lobbi faoliyati

Asosiy maqola: Jek Abramoff tub amerikaliklarning lobbichilik mojarosi
Abramoffning Tribal mijozlari
Cahuilla hindulari Agua Caliente guruhi

Oklahoma shtatidagi Cherokee Nation

Luiziana shtatidagi Chitimacha qabilasi

Luiziana shtatidagi Coushatta qabilasi

Mashpee Wampanoag odamlari Massachusets shtati

Missisipi guruhi mahalliy amerikaliklar

Sandia Pueblo

Santa Klara Pueblo

Saginaw Chippewa hind qabilasi

Tigua mahalliy amerikaliklar rezervatsiyasi

U Grinberg Traurigga qo'shilgan vaqt atrofida Abramoffning lobbi xizmatidagi mijozlarini tanlashi ko'proq o'zgarishga o'zgargan Tug'ma amerikalik qabilalar. Abramoff Preston Geytsda ishlayotganda 51 ta mijozning ro'yxatdan o'tgan lobbisti bo'lgan, faqat to'rttasi qabilalar bo'lgan, Abramoff oxir-oqibat u Grinberg Traurigda lobbist sifatida ro'yxatdan o'tgan 24 ta mijozning vakili bo'lishi kerak edi, ulardan yettitasi qabilalar edi.

Tyco International Ltd.

Oq uyning sobiq maslahatchisi o'rinbosari Timoti Flanigan 2002 yil dekabr oyida o'z ishini tark etib, korporativ va xalqaro huquq bo'yicha bosh maslahatchi bo'lib ishlagan Tyco International. U darhol Abramoffni Tyco bilan bog'liq masalalarda Kongress va Oq uyni lobbi qilish uchun yolladi Bermuda soliqdan ozod qilish maqomi.[48] Flanigan Senat Adliya qo'mitasi Abramoff Tycoga soliq majburiyatlaridan qochish uchun yordam berishi mumkinligi bilan "maqtandi" offshor kompaniyalar chunki u "Kongress a'zolari bilan yaxshi munosabatda bo'lgan".[49]

Tyco Inc 2005 yil avgust oyida Abramoff uchun 1,7 million dollar to'laganini da'vo qilgan "astroturfing "yoki soxta narsa yaratish"oddiy "soliq sabablari bilan chet elda ro'yxatdan o'tgan AQSh korporatsiyalarini jazolash to'g'risidagi takliflarga qarshi kampaniya. Aytilishicha, bu ish hech qachon amalga oshirilmagan va Tyco Abramoffga qonunchilikka qarshi lobbichilik uchun bergan to'lovning ko'p qismi" janob Abramoff tomonidan nazorat qilinadigan tashkilotlarga yo'naltirilgan ".[49]

Milliy hukumatlar uchun lobbichilik

Abramoffning jamoasi hukumat vakili bo'lgan Malayziya va Malayziyaning AQSh bilan munosabatlarini, xususan, savdo aloqalarini yaxshilashga harakat qildi.[50]

Abramoff shuningdek hukumat bilan uchrashdi Sudan, amerikaliklardan tanqidni chetlab o'tish rejasini taklif qilmoqda Nasroniy rejimning da'vo qilingan roli ustidan guruhlar Darfur mojarosi. Abramoff yordam berish uchun Ridni jalb qilishni va shuningdek, imidjini yaxshilash uchun ommaviy kampaniyani boshlashni va'da qildi Sudan Amerikada.[51]

Birinchi kanal yangiliklari

Abramoff maktab televideniesi yangiliklar xizmati lobbisti bo'lgan Birinchi kanal yangiliklari. 1999 yildan 2003 yilgacha birinchi kanal uni Kongress o'z xizmatlariga mablag 'to'sib qo'ymasligini ta'minlash uchun ushlab turdi. Birinchi kanal nafaqat siyosiy guruhlarning Kongressni maktablarda ishtirokini cheklashga ko'ndirish uchun tez-tez olib boriladigan kampaniyalariga duch keldi, balki reklama daromadlarining katta qismini AQSh hukumat manbalaridan, shu jumladan Giyohvand moddalarni nazorat qilish bo'yicha milliy siyosat idorasi va harbiy yollash. Abramoff va Birinchi kanal o'zaro xayrlashgandan beri, Birinchi kanalning reklama daromadlari sezilarli darajada kamaydi, ammo sabab-oqibat munosabatlarini o'rnatish qiyin kechadi.[52]

Telekommunikatsiya firmasi

2005 yil 18 oktyabrda, Washington Post Bob Ney, rais sifatida Uy ma'muriyati qo'mitasi, Isroil uchun 2002 yilgi litsenziyani tasdiqladi telekommunikatsiya Vakillar Palatasi uchun antennalarni o'rnatish uchun kompaniya. Kompaniya, keyin Foxcom simsiz, an Isroil ish boshlash telekommunikatsiya firma, (shu vaqtdan beri shtab-kvartirasi ko'chib kelgan Quddus ga Vena, Virjiniya va qayta nomlandi MobileAccess tarmoqlari ) keyinchalik Abramoffga lobbi uchun 280 ming dollar to'lagan. Shuningdek, u 50 000 AQSh dollarini xayriya qildi Capital Athletic Foundation ba'zan Abramoff o'zining lobbi faoliyati uchun yashirincha to'laydigan xayriya tashkiloti.[53] Yilda Maykl Skanlon "s da'vo kelishuvi, ushbu faoliyat quyidagicha tavsiflangan ommaviy korruptsiya.[54]

Skyboxes, "Imzolar" va Shotlandiya

Jek Abramoffning hozirda yopilgan "Imzo" restorani Penn kvartali Vashington shahrining mahallasi

Abramoff to'rttasini saqlab qoldi osmon qutilari yiliga bir million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'sarflaydigan yirik siyosiy arenalarda siyosiy ko'ngil ochish uchun. Abramoff ushbu skeybokslarda ko'plab xayriya tadbirlarini o'tkazdi, shu qatorda Vakil kabi qimor o'ynashga qarshi bo'lgan siyosatchilar uchun tadbirlar Jon Dolitl (R -CA ).[55]

Keyin Senatning moliya qo'mitasining martabali a'zosi Maks Baus uning ofisining Abramoff bilan bog'liqligini aniqlagan 18 892 dollar miqdoridagi badallarni qaytarib berdi. Qaytarilgan xayr-ehsonlar tarkibiga 1.892 AQSh dollari kiritilgan bo'lib, Baucusning 2001 yilda Vashington markazidagi professional sport arenasida va konsert maydonida Abramoffning skybox-dan foydalangani haqida hech qachon xabar qilinmagan.[56]

Abramoff ham sherik bo'lgan Imzolar restorani, u Vashingtonning yuqori darajadagi muassasi bo'lib, u do'stlari va do'stlarini mukofotlash uchun foydalangan. Uning hamkori lobbist Kevin A. Ring davolangan Adliya vazirligi rasmiy Robert E. Coughlin Skyboxes-ga chiptalarni bepul olish uchun va uni bir necha bor imtiyozlar evaziga Imzolarga olib bordi.[57]Bir vaqtlar gullab-yashnagan restoran Abramoffga qarshi tergovlar yopilgandan so'ng yopildi.

DeLay, Ney va Florida respublikasi vakili Tom Fini har biri golf sayohatlariga borgan Shotlandiya Abramoff tomonidan uyushtirilgan yoki moliyalashtirilgan. Ushbu sayohatlar 2000, 2002 va 2003 yillarda bo'lib o'tgan. Ney va Feni har biri o'z sayohatlari uchun pul to'lagan deb da'vo qilishgan Milliy siyosatni tadqiq qilish milliy markazi, ammo guruh buni rad etdi. Ney va Fini vakili boshqalarni hujjatlarni topshirishda xatolikda ayblashdi. Keyinchalik Ney Abramoff sayohat uchun pul to'laganini bilib, aybiga iqror bo'ldi.

Xarid qilish bo'yicha sobiq yuqori lavozimli amaldor Bush ma'muriyati, Devid X. Safaviy, yolg'on gapirish uchun sudlangan va odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish Abramoff tergovi bilan bog'liq. Abramoff tomonidan tashkil etilgan golf sayohatida Rid va Ney bilan Shotlandiyaga sayohat qilgan Safaviy, Abramoffning biznes bilan shug'ullanish rejalari haqidagi ma'lumotni federal tergovchilardan yashirganlikda ayblangan. Umumiy xizmatlarni boshqarish golf safari paytida - xususan, o'zining shaxsiy diniy maktabi, Eshko'l akademiyasi va uning qabila mijozlaridan biri uchun mol-mulk topishda yordam so'rash. O'sha paytda Safaviy GSA shtabining boshlig'i edi.[58] Biroq, ushbu sud hukmi apellyatsiya tartibida bekor qilindi.[59]

Bush ma'muriyatiga kirish

Jek Abramoff lobbist va faol sifatida juda nufuzli shaxs edi Bush ma'muriyati.[60] 2001 yilda Abramoff Bush ma'muriyatining 2001 yilga o'tish bo'yicha maslahat guruhining a'zosi edi Ichki ishlar boshqarmasi.[61] Abramoff kelayotgan Ichki ishlar vazirining o'rinbosari bilan do'stlashdi J. Stiven Graylz.

Vakillar Palatasi hukumatini isloh qilish qo'mitasi hisobotining loyihasida aytilishicha, hujjatlarda - asosan Abramoffning hisob-kitob yozuvlari va elektron pochta xabarlari - uch yil davomida Oq uy rasmiylari bilan 485 ta lobbi aloqalari, shu jumladan 10 ta Bushning yordamchisi bilan ro'yxatga olingan. Karl Rove. Hisobotda keltirilgan 485 ta kontaktdan 345 tasi uchrashuvlar yoki boshqa shaxsan aloqalar sifatida tavsiflanganligi aytilgan; 71 tasi telefon suhbati, 69 tasi elektron pochta almashinuvi deb ta'riflangan.[62]

2001 yilning birinchi o'n oyida Abramoff lobbi guruhi Bush ma'muriyati bilan deyarli 200 ta aloqani o'rnatdi.[61] U ushbu yuqori darajadagi aloqalarni hindu qabilalarining qabila o'yinlariga oid lobbi ishlarida yordam berish uchun ishlatgan bo'lishi mumkin. Ichki ishlar vazirligi qabilalarni tan olish va o'yin o'ynash kabi qabila ishlari bo'yicha Federal tartibga solish vakolatiga ega. 2000 yildan 2003 yilgacha olti hindu qabilasi Abramoffga lobbi uchun 80 million dollardan ko'proq pul to'lagan.[6]

Ichki ishlar vazirligining Ichki ishlar boshqarmasi AQSh kabi mintaqalarga siyosat va grantlar bo'yicha vakolatlarga ega Shimoliy Mariana orollari hamdo'stligi (CNMI).[63] Bu Abramoffga lobbichilik qilishda yordam bergan bo'lishi mumkin to'qimachilik orollardagi manfaatlar. AQSh senatori Konrad Berns (R-MT ) va DeLay shuningdek, CNMI-ga qarshi bo'lganligi uchun qattiq lobbilar eng kam ish haqi.[64][65]

Abramoff 2003 yilda prezidentidan 9 million dollar so'ragan Gabon, Omar Bongo, Bush bilan uchrashuvni tashkil qilish va uning to'lovlarini Abramoff tomonidan boshqariladigan lobbichilik firmasiga yuborish, GrassRoots Interaktiv.[66] Bongo Bush bilan Oval ofisda 2004 yil 26 mayda uchrashgan.[66] Abramoffning uchrashuvni tashkil etishda biron bir roli bo'lganligi yoki u biron bir pul olgani yoki Gabon bilan imzolangan shartnomasi bo'lganligi to'g'risida hech qanday dalil bo'lmagan.[66]

Oq uy va Davlat departamenti rasmiylari Bushning hukumati muntazam ravishda AQSh tomonidan ayblanib kelayotgan Bongo bilan uchrashuvini tasvirlab berdi inson huquqlari suiiste'mol qilish, odatdagidek.[66] Rasmiylar Abramoffning kelishuvlarga aloqasi yo'qligini bilishini aytdi. Gabonning Vashingtondagi elchixonasi rasmiylari yozma savollarga javob bermadilar.[66]

Syuzan Ralston, Rovening yordamchisi 2001 yildan beri, ilgari Abramoff va Rid uchun ma'muriy yordamchi bo'lib ishlagan.[6][67]

Malayziyaning sobiq bosh vazirining so'zlariga ko'ra Maxathir Mohamad, Abramoffga go'yoki ko'rsatmalarga ko'ra Mahatxir va Bush o'rtasidagi uchrashuvni tashkil qilish uchun 1,2 million dollar to'langan Heritage Foundation. Maxatir unga noma'lum kimsa uchrashuv uchun pul to'laganini ta'kidladi.[68]

9-may, 2001-yilda bosh Raul Garza Kikapu Texas qabilasi Bush bilan uchrashdi, Abramoff va Norquist ishtirok etdi. Uchrashuvda olingan fotosurat fonida Abramoff aniqlandi.[69] Uchrashuvdan bir necha kun oldin, qabila Abramoff ko'rsatmasi bilan soliq islohoti uchun Norquist amerikaliklariga 25000 dollar to'lagan. Tashkilotning aloqa bo'yicha direktori Jon Kartchning so'zlariga ko'ra, uchrashuv ATR homiyligida Bush bilan o'tkazilgan bir nechta uchrashuvlardan biri bo'lgan. Shu kuni boshliq Luiziana Kushattalar Bush bilan ATR tomonidan homiylik qilingan yig'ilishda ham qatnashdi. Kushattalar ham tadbir oldidan ATRga 25000 dollar berishdi.

Kickapoo yig'ilishining tafsilotlari va 2001 yil 10 mayda ATR tomonidan kickapoosga o'zlarining hissasi uchun minnatdorchilik bildirgan maktubi aniqlandi. Nyu-York Tayms 2006 yilda Raul Garza bilan (aloqasi yo'q) sobiq kengash oqsoqoli Isidro Garza tomonidan Texasda ayblov ostida. o'zlashtirish qabila puli. Isidro Garzaning so'zlariga ko'ra, Abramoff xayr-ehson Bush bilan uchrashish uchun zarurligini aytmagan; Oq uy ushbu bitim haqida hech qanday ma'lumotni rad etdi.[70]

Abramoff va Bushning Oq Uydagi uchrashuvi va boshqa fotosuratlar paydo bo'ldi Oval ofis 2002 yil 22 yoki 23 dekabrda. Fotosuratlar ReflectionsOrders.com veb-saytida hukumat tadbirlarining ko'plab rasmlari chop etilgan saytda topilgan. Sayt egasi Abramoff va Bush birga bo'lganligi aniqlanganda deyarli darhol fotosuratlarni olib tashladi.[71] Ba'zi Internet foydalanuvchilari fotosuratlarni va ularning ba'zilarining saqlangan nusxalarini joylashtirdilar.[72] Sayt egasi Bush kampaniyasiga minglab dollar berdi va Respublika milliy qo'mitasi, FEC jamoat hissasi yozuvlariga ko'ra.[73]

An Milliy radio 2006 yil mart oyidagi yangiliklar hisobotida shunday deyilgan: "... Abramoff yaqinda kamdan-kam uchraydigan matbuotga intervyu berdi Vanity Fair jurnal Bu erda u Prezident Bush va Vashingtondagi boshqa taniqli shaxslar uni juda yaxshi bilishini ta'kidlaydi. U ular bilan aloqani rad etganlari uchun ularni yolg'onchilar deb atadi ".[74]

2006 yil iyun oyida Abramoff avvalgisiga yashirincha eksklyuziv intervyu berishni boshladi Boston Globe tergov muxbiri Gari S. Chafets, Abramoffning advokatlari yoki Abramoff hamkorlik qilgan federal prokurorlardan xabardor bo'lmagan holda. Ushbu intervyular - Abramoff qamoqdan oldin va uning paytida o'tkazilgan - 2008 yil may oyigacha davom etgan. 2008 yil sentyabr oyida Chafetsning kitobi, Ajoyib yovuz odam: Jon Makkeyn va lobbist Jek Abramoffning jin urishi dan oldin chop etishga shoshildi 2008 yilgi prezident saylovi. Chafets o'z kitobida Abramoffning ba'zi ayblovlarda aybdor bo'lishiga qaramay, u tomonidan chalg'ituvchi va shov-shuvli xabarlarning qurboni bo'lganligini ta'kidladi. Vashington Post, Sen tomonidan qasos va jinoyat. Jon Makkeyn (R-AZ ) va kuchli qurol taktikasi Adliya vazirligi Abramoffni aybiga ishonmagan jinoyatlarini tan olishga majbur qilgan. Chafets, shuningdek, federal prokurorlarni xususiy va jamoatchilikka suyanish usullarini suiiste'mol qilishda va ehtimol noqonuniy usullarda aybladi. halol xizmatlarning firibgarligi, u buni noaniq va ziddiyatli deb ta'riflagan.[75][76]

Abramoff tashkilotlari

Asosiy maqola: Jek Abramoff bilan bog'liq tashkilotlar ro'yxati

Abramoff bir nechta notijorat tashkilotlarni, shu jumladan Capital Athletic Foundation va Eshkol Academy ni tashkil etgan yoki boshqargan; kabi lobbi tashkilotlari va shunga o'xshash siyosiy tahlil markazlari Amerika xalqaro markazi, GrassRoots Interactive va Milliy siyosatni tadqiq qilish milliy markazi. Ushbu tashkilotlar turli darajadagi qonuniy faoliyatlarga ega bo'lishgan bo'lsa-da, Abramoff ushbu tashkilotlardan millionlab dollarlarni tashkilotlarga aloqasi bo'lmagan qabul qiluvchilarga yo'naltirish uchun ishlatgani ma'lum bo'ldi.

Capital Athletic Foundation va Eshkol Academy

Asosiy maqolalar: Capital Athletic Foundation va Eshko'l akademiyasi

Federal soliq yozuvlari turli hind qabilalari Capital Athletic Foundation-ga 6 million dollardan ko'proq xayriya qilganligini ko'rsatsa-da, mablag'larning 1 foizidan kamrog'i sport dasturlariga sarflangan, bu fondning belgilangan maqsadi. Mablag'larning aksariyati Merilenddagi Eshkol akademiyasiga, 2002 yilda Abramoff tomonidan asos solingan pravoslav yahudiy maktabiga sarflandi. Shuningdek, CAFdan yuz minglab dollar Abramoff, Ney, Shotlandiyaga golf sayohatlariga sarflandi. Ralf Rid Safaviyalik, shuningdek, o'rta maktab do'stiga yuborilgan lager uskunalarini sotib olish. Abramoff Safaviyaning yordami bilan Eshkol akademiyasi va qabila mijozlari uchun mulk shartnomalarini izlashda yordam so'ragan va bu Safaviyaning hukmiga sabab bo'lgan.[77]

GrassRoots Interactive va Kay Gold

Asosiy maqola: GrassRoots Interaktiv

GrassRoots Interactive, hozirda ishlamayapti, kichik edi Kumush buloq, Merilend, Abramoff va PJ Jonson tomonidan boshqariladigan lobbi firmasi. Yaratilgan yili 2003 yilda GrassRoots Interactive-ga millionlab dollar tushdi va keyin yana noodatiy joylarga chiqib ketdi. Kamida 2,3 million dollar a Kaliforniya Abramoffning akasi Robertning yuridik idorasi bilan bir xil manzildan foydalangan konsalting firmasi. GrassRoots-dan $ 400,000 uchun alohida chek rasmiylashtirildi Kay Gold MChJ, boshqa bir Abramoff oilaviy kompaniyasi.[78]

Maldon instituti

Abramoff kamida besh yil davomida Maldon instituti boshqaruv kengashi a'zosi va kotibi / xazinachisi bo'lgan (1999-2003). U to'rt nafar kengash a'zolaridan biri edi, shu jumladan PJJonson va Jon Ris.[79]

Skandal va jinoiy tergov

2004 yil oxirida Senatning Hindiston ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitasi Abramoffning Amerika hindu qabilalari va kazinolari nomidan lobbichilik qilishini tekshirishni boshladi. Sentabr oyida u ushbu ish haqidagi savollarga javob berish uchun Qo'mitaga chaqirildi, ammo Beshinchidan iltijo qildi.[80]

SunCruz Casinos firibgarlik sudlanganligi

Asosiy maqola: SunCruz kazinolari

2005 yil 11 avgustda Abramoff va Adam Kidan federal tomonidan ayblangan katta hakamlar hay'ati yilda Fort-Loderdeyl, Florida, 2000 yilda SunCruz Casinos-ni sotib olish bo'yicha kelishuvdan kelib chiqqan firibgarlikda ayblanib Gus Boulis. Abramoff va Kidan qalbaki foydalanishda ayblanmoqda bank pul o'tkazmasi qarz beruvchilarga 23 million dollar miqdorida dastlabki to'lovni amalga oshirganiga ishonish uchun, 60 million dollarga ega bo'lish uchun kredit.[81] Ney ham bitimni amalga oshirishda yordam bergan.

2000 yil sentyabr oyida sheriklar SunCruzni sotib olishganidan so'ng, Boulis bilan ishbilarmonlik munosabatlari yomonlashdi va 2000 yil dekabrida Kidan va Boulis o'rtasida mushtlashish boshlandi. 2001 yil fevral oyida Boulis o'z mashinasida o'ldirildi. Mafiya - uslub hujumi. Qotillik bo'yicha tergovga Kidandan to'lovlarni olgan uchta shaxs kiritilgan. Gumon qilinayotganlardan ikkitasi qotillik ayblovi bilan umrbod qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi, uchinchi sherigi esa qotillik uchun fitna uyushtirishda aybdor deb topdi va u o'z sheriklariga qarshi ko'rsatma berganidan keyin 6 yarim yilga ozodlikdan mahrum etildi.[82]

2006 yil 4-yanvarda Abramoff fitna va firibgarlikda aybini tan oldi Mayami, SunCruz bitimi bilan bog'liq. Jarayon bo'yicha kelishuv maksimal etti yildan sal ko'proq jazoni tayinlashni talab qildi va Vashingtondagi korruptsiya ishidagi jazo bilan bir vaqtda ishlaydi, ammo Abramoff to'liq hamkorlik qilgan taqdirda kamaytirilishi mumkin. Florida shtatidagi ayblov xulosasida qolgan to'rtta ayblov bekor qilindi.[83]

2006 yil 29 martda Abramoff va Kidan ikkalasi SunCruz ishi bo'yicha eng kam 70 oylik qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi va 21,7 million AQSh dollari miqdorida zararni to'lashga qaror qildi. "Jazoga yordam berish to'g'risidagi memorandum" ga binoan, hukm sudyasi, AQSh okrug sudyasi Pol C. Xek, turli xil odamlardan, shu jumladan "ravvinlar, harbiy ofitserlar va hatto professional xokkey hakami" dan yumshoqlik uchun 260 dan ortiq iltimoslarni oldi.[84]

Guam katta hakamlar hay'ati tergovi

Asosiy maqola: Jek Abramoff Guam tergovi

2002 yilda Abramoff tomonidan maxfiy shartnoma asosida saqlangan Guam Oliy sud Oliy sudni vakolatiga o'tkazishni taklif qiluvchi qonun loyihasiga qarshi lobbichilik qilish Guam Oliy sudi. 2002 yil 18-noyabrda a katta hakamlar hay'ati chiqarilgan sudga chaqiruv Guam Oliy sudi ma'muridan shartnoma bilan bog'liq barcha yozuvlarni chiqarilishini talab qilish. 2002 yil 19-noyabrda, AQSh advokati Guamning bosh prokurori va ayblov xulosasini qo'zg'atuvchisi Frederik A. Blek kutilmaganda lavozimidan tushirildi va 1991 yildan beri ishlagan lavozimidan chetlashtirildi. Federal hay'at tergovi tezda tugatilib, boshqa choralar ko'rilmadi. 2005 yilda davlat auditori Doris Flores Bruks Abramoff shartnomasi bo'yicha yangi tekshiruvni boshlab yubordi va u davom etmoqda.

2006 yilda Kaliforniyalik advokat va Marshal orollari lobbist Xovard Xillz va Guam Oliy sudining sobiq ma'muri Toni Sanchesga noqonuniy ta'sir o'tkazish, noqonuniy ta'sir o'tkazish uchun fitna uyushtirish, ishonchli shaxsga berilgan mulkni o'g'irlash va rasmiy huquqbuzarlik uchun ayblovlar oldindan vizaga nisbatan 9000 AQSh dollari miqdorida 36 ta to'lovni amalga oshirishda ayblangan. - Hills va Guam Oliy sudi o'rtasida mavjud bo'lgan shartnoma, ularning har biri Hillsga yozilgan, ammo Abramoffga topshirilgan. Hills, Sanchesga sud amaldori sifatida nominal qiymatiga ishongan holda, bu vaqtinchalik holat deb taxmin qildi va Abramoff va sud o'rtasidagi standart hukumat shartnomasi deb o'ylaganiga o'tishni osonlashtirishga yordam berishga rozi bo'ldi. Buning uchun Hills tovon puli olmagan. Ayblov xulosalari yoki tergovlar boshlanishidan oldin, Xills Abramoff bilan vaqtinchalik shartnomasini to'xtatdi va uning fikriga ko'ra, shubhali xatti-harakatlar deb o'ylab, biron bir narsa noto'g'ri bo'lishi mumkin degan xayolga kelganida. 2007 yilda Hills va Sanchesga qarshi supersved ayblov xulosalari chiqarildi, 2008 yilda esa o'sha paytda Abramoff va Abramoff firmasi Greenberg Traurigga qarshi boshqa ayblov xulosalari chiqarildi. O'shandan beri ikkala advokat Xovard Xills va Grinberg Traurigga qo'yilgan ayblovlar bekor qilindi.

Mahalliy qabilalar buyuk hay'at tekshiruvlari

Asosiy maqola: Jek Abramoff hindlarning lobbichilik mojarosi

Abramoff va uning sherigi, Maykl Skanlon (sobiq Tom DeLay yordamchisi), fitna uyushtirgan Mahalliy kazino taxminan 85 million dollarlik to'lovlardan qimor manfaatlari. Lobbistlar, shuningdek, o'z mijozlariga qarshi lobbi xizmatlarini to'lashga majbur qilish maqsadida lobbi uyushtirdilar. Ushbu amaliyotlar uzoq muddatli jinoiy ta'qib qilish va sud tomonidan tinglashning mavzusi bo'lgan Senatning Hindiston ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitasi. 2005 yil 21-noyabrda Skanlon Kongress a'zosi va boshqa davlat amaldorlariga pora berish uchun til biriktirganlikda aybini tan oldi.

2006 yil 3 yanvarda Abramoff mahalliy amerikalik qabilalar nomidan Vashingtondagi lobbichilik faoliyatidan kelib chiqadigan ayblarni o'z ichiga olgan uchta og'ir jinoyat - fitna, firibgarlik va soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlashda aybini tan oldi.[85] Abramoff va uning sheriklari bo'lgan to'rtta qabilaga Michigan qabilalari ham jalb qilingan Saginaw Chippewas, Kaliforniya Agua Kaliente, Missisipi Choktavlar va Luiziana Kushattalar.[86]Natijada, Abramoff va boshqa ayblanuvchilar mijozlardan, avvalambor, mahalliy amerikalik qabilalardan aldagan kamida 25 million dollarni qaytarishlari kerak. Bundan tashqari, Abramoffga qarzdor Ichki daromad xizmati Soliqni to'lashdan bo'yin tovlaganlikda aybdor deb topilganligi sababli 1,7 mln. Shartnomada Abramoff Neyni ham o'z ichiga olgan davlat amaldorlariga pora berganini tan oladi.[87] Shuningdek, Kongress xodimlarini yollash va ular bilan sobiq ish beruvchilarini, shu jumladan Kongress a'zolarini lobbi qilish uchun fitna uyushtirish - bunday lobbichilikning bir yillik federal taqiqini buzgan holda.[88]

Keyinchalik 2006 yilda Abramoff lobbistlari Nil Volz va Toni Rudi fitna ayblovlarini tan olishdi; 2006 yil sentyabr oyida Neyning o'zi fitna uchun aybini tan oldi va yolg'on bayonotlar berish.

On September 4, 2008, a Washington court found Abramoff guilty of trading expensive gifts, meals and sports trips in exchange for political favors, and U.S. District Judge Ellen Segal Huvelle sentenced him to a four-year term in prison, to be served concurrently with his previous sentences. Abramoff cooperated in a bribery investigation involving lawmakers, their aides, and members of the Bush administration.[89][90][91]

People convicted in Abramoff probe

Eventually 24 people were convicted of corruption or bribery.

  • Adam Kidan (an Abramoff associate), was sentenced in Florida in March 2006, serving 27 months in prison, followed by three years of probation.[92]
  • Todd Boulanger, an Abramoff deputy, pleaded guilty to lavishing congressional aides with meals, gifts and tickets to sporting events, concerts, and the circus in exchange for help with legislation favorable to Abramoff's clients. Sentenced to 30 days and fined.[93]
  • Roger Stillwell (R) Staff in the Ichki ishlar boshqarmasi ostida Jorj V.Bush (R). Pleaded guilty and received two years suspended sentence for not reporting hundreds of dollars' worth of sports and concert tickets he received from Abramoff.
  • Stiven Graylz (R) (former Deputy Interior Secretary) the highest-ranking Bush administration official convicted in the scandal, pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice. He admitted lying to a Senate committee about his relationship with Abramoff, who repeatedly sought Griles' intervention at Interior on behalf of Indian tribal clients.
  • Devid Safaviy (R) (former White House official), the Bush administration's former top procurement official, was sentenced to 18 months in prison in October 2006[94] after he was found guilty of covering up his dealings with Abramoff.[95][96]
  • Bob Ney (R-OH) then U. S. Representative, pleaded guilty September 2006, sentenced in January 2007 to 2½ years in prison, acknowledged taking bribes from Abramoff. Ney was in the traveling party on an Abramoff-sponsored golf trip to Shotlandiya at the heart of the case against Safavian.
  1. Neil Volz (R) a former chief of staff to Ney who left government to work for Abramoff, pleaded guilty in May 2006 to conspiring to corrupt Ney and others with trips and other aid
  2. Uilyam Xiton (R) former chief of staff for Ney, pleaded guilty to a federal conspiracy charge involving a golf trip to Scotland, expensive meals, and tickets to sporting events between 2002 and 2004 as payoffs for helping Abramoff's clients.
  3. Tomas Xart (R) former chief of staff for Ney, pleaded guilty to a federal conspiracy charge involving a golf trip to Scotland, expensive meals, and tickets to sporting events between 2002 and 2004 as payoffs for helping Abramoff's clients.
  • Italiya Federici (R) co-founder of the Ekologik targ'ibot bo'yicha respublikachilar kengashi, aybini tan oldi soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlash and obstruction of a Senate investigation into Abramoff's relationship with officials at the Ichki ishlar boshqarmasi.
  • Jared duradgor (R) Vice-President of the Ekologik targ'ibot bo'yicha respublikachilar kengashi, was discovered during the Abramoff investigation and pleaded guilty to income tax evasion. He got 45 days, plus 4 years probation.[97]
  • Mark Zaxares (R) former aide to U. S. Representative Don Young (R-AL), pleaded guilty to conspiracy. He acknowledged accepting tens of thousands of dollars' worth of gifts and a golf trip to Scotland from Abramoff's team in exchange for official acts on the lobbyist's behalf.
  • Kevin A. Ring (R) sobiq xodimlar Jon Dolitl (R-CA) was convicted of five charges of corruption.[98][99] He was sentenced to 20 months in prison in October 2011.[4]
  • Jeyms Xirni (R) US Senate aide, acknowledged bribing Trevor L. Blackann (R) aide to US Senator Bond to'plami (R) with meals, concert passes and tickets to the opening game of the 2003 World Series between the Florida Marlins and the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium, pleaded guilty to using wire communications to defraud taxpayers of congressional aides' honest services.[100][101]
  • Trevor L. Blackann (R) a former aide to US Senator Bond to'plami (R-MO) and then-US Rep. Roy Blunt (R-MO), pleaded guilty to not reporting $4,100 in gifts from lobbyists in return for helping clients of Abramoff and his associates. Among the gifts were tickets to the World Series and concerts, plus meals and entertainment at a "gentleman's club."
  1. Maykl Skanlon (R) a former Staff member of Tom DeLay, pled guilty to committing bribery in the course of his work for Abramoff.[90][91]
  2. Toni Rudi (R) another former staff member of Tom DeLay, he also left DeLay to work with Abramoff; pleaded guilty to conspiracy.[91]
  • Jon Albaugh (R) former Chief of Staff to Ernest Istuk (R-OK), pleaded guilty to accepting bribes connected to the Federal Highway Bill. Istook was emas charged. (2008)[102]
  • Robert E. Coughlin (R) Deputy Chief of Staff, Criminal Division of the Justice Department pleaded guilty to conflict of interest after accepting bribes from Jack Abramoff. (2008)[57]
  • Horas Kuper (R) a former Labor Department official with the Bush administration and aide to US Rep. Dik Armey (R-TX), pleaded guilty to falsifying a document when he did not report receiving gifts from Abramoff.[103][104]
  • Ann Copland (R) a former aide to US Senator Thad Cochran (R-MS) pleaded guilty to taking more than $25,000 worth of concert and sporting event tickets in return for helping Abramoff.[100]
  • Roger Stillwell, a former Interior Department official, was sentenced to two years on probation in January 2007 after pleading guilty to a misdemeanor charge for not reporting hundreds of dollars worth of sports and concert tickets he received from Abramoff.
  • Fraser Verrusio (R) former Transportation Dept official, was found guilty of conspiracy and accepting bribes. Sentenced to 1 day in jail, 2 years' probation and a $1,000 fine.[105]

Hibsga olish

Abramoff served four years of a six-year sentence. On November 15, 2006, he began serving his term in the minimal xavfsizlik prison camp of Federal axloq tuzatish muassasasi, Kamberlend, Maryland, as inmate number 27593-112. The Adliya vazirligi had requested that he serve his sentence there so as to be accessible to agents in Washington for cooperation as the investigations related to his associates intensified.[106] Abramoff worked as a clerk in the prison chaplain's office for 12 cents an hour. He was also teaching courses in public speaking and screenwriting to his fellow inmates and instituted a popular movie night.[107]

Post-release activities

On June 8, 2010, he was released from federal prison and was transferred to a uyning yarmi yilda Baltimor, Merilend, until the end of his six-year sentence.[108] In late June he began working as an accountant at the kosher pitsereya Tov Pizza, working about 40 hours a week from 10:30 a.m. till 5:30 p.m., earning between $7.50 and $10.00 per hour.[109][110] He finished working at Tov Pizza when he was released from the halfway house on December 3, 2010.[7][111]

Abramoff has returned to lobbying since his release from prison, having attempted to arrange meetings between then President-elect Donald Tramp and foreign leaders. He is registered as a lobbyist.[112]

On June 25, 2020, lobbyist Jack Abramoff and CEO Roland Marcus Andrade were charged in San Francisco federal court with fraud in connection with a $5 million cryptocurrency deal. Abramoff has agreed to a negotiated plea of guilty.[113] On July 14, 2020, Abramoff pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy and violating the Lobbying Disclosure Act in relation to the AML BitCoin case. Abramoff faces up to five years in prison for each count.[114] Notably, this makes Abramoff the first person to be convicted under the Lobbying Disclosure Act, which was amended as a result of his previous misconduct.[115]

Criticism of lobbying industry

I was involved deeply in a system of bribery – legalized bribery for the most part ... [that] still to a large part exists today.[116]

In November 2011, the book Kapitoliy jazosi: Amerikaning eng shov-shuvli lobbistidan Vashington korrupsiyasi to'g'risida qattiq haqiqat Abramoff wrote after he was released from prison was published. The 300-page memoir is an account of his life in Washington as a lobbyist.[117] In its last chapter, titled "Path to Reform", Abramoff portrays himself as someone who supports genuine reform and lists a number of proposals to eliminate bribery of government officials, such as barring members of Congress and their aides for life from becoming lobbyists.[118]

Abramoff has become a critic of the lobbying industry and has appeared on radio and television, "trying ... to redeem and rebrand himself". Unda Facebook page and game app called "Congressional Jack", and a feature film in the works about the lobbying milieu. He plans to charge for giving talks about corruption in Washington, and has briefed F.B.I. agents on the nature of corruption.[107] U qo'shildi United Republic anticorruption nonprofit organization and has started in February 2012 as one of the lead bloggers at United Republic's newly launched Respublika hisoboti, described as "an anti-corruption blog focusing on how self-interested dollars are warping the public-interest responsibilities of America's democratic institutions" by the Huffington Post.[119]

He has appeared as a guest on CNN to talk about lobbying and the Arzon parvarishlash to'g'risidagi qonun healthcare reform law.[120] In July 2012, Premier Networks announced it was launching "The Jack Abramoff Show" on XM yo'ldosh radiosi 's "Talk Radio" channel, on which Abramoff would hold forth on political reform.[121]

Following Abramoff's return to lobbying after his time in prison, lawmakers passed the Justice Against Corruption on K Street Act, which requires convicts such as Abramoff to disclose their criminal history when they re-register to lobby.[122]

Shaxsiy hayot

Abramoff has been married to Pamela Clarke Abramoff (née Alexander), a co-manager and executive assistant at Capital Athletic Foundation, since July 1986.[123] The couple has five children.[123] Pamela is a aylantirish to Orthodox Judaism.[124]

Shuningdek qarang

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