Bass kuchaytirgich - Bass amplifier

Bu maqola uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Ma'lumot manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. Manbalarni toping: "Bass kuchaytirgich"  – Yangiliklar  · gazetalar  · kitoblar  · olim  · JSTOR (2018 yil may) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

An Ampeg SVT sakkizta 10 dyuymli karnay, ustki qismida "Ampeg SVT" kuchaytirgichi bo'lgan "boshcha".

Yamaha B100-115 kombinatsiyalashgan amfi, unda 100 vattli kuchaytirgich va bitta 15 dyuymli yog'och shkafda joylashgan.

Ashdown 4x10 "karnay shkafi ustidagi Hartke 500 vattli kuchaytirgich" boshi ".

A bosh kuchaytirgich yoki "bass amp" - bu a musiqiy asbob elektron qurilma elektr energiyasidan foydalanib, pastroq balandlikni hosil qiladi asboblar kabi bas gitara yoki kontrabas ijrochilar va tomoshabinlar eshitadigan darajada baland. Bass amperlari odatda a dan iborat oldindan kuchaytirgich, ohangni boshqarish, a quvvat kuchaytirgichi va bir yoki bir nechtasi karnaylar ("haydovchilar") a kabinet.

Bass amperlari ko'p funktsiyalar bilan gitara kuchaytirgichlari uchun ishlatilgan elektr gitara, ular boshqa turlaridan ajralib turadi kuchaytirish tizimlari bilan bog'liq bo'lgan muayyan muammolar tufayli past chastotali ovozni ko'paytirish. Ushbu farq dizayni dizayniga ta'sir qiladi karnaylar, hajmi va dizayni karnay kabineti va oldindan kuchaytirgich va kuchaytirgichning dizayni. Bass amperlar uchun karnay shkaflari odatda kattaroq karnaylarni o'z ichiga oladi (masalan, bosh gitara amperlariga qaraganda 15 dyuymli karnaylar ko'proq) yoki boshqa asboblarni kuchaytirish uchun ishlatilgandan ko'ra ko'proq karnaylar va kattaroq shkaf o'lchamlari. Karnaylarning o'zi ham mustahkamroq bo'lishi kerak yuqori quvvat darajalarini boshqarish uchun va ular balandligi juda past bo'lgan maydonlarni ko'paytirish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lishi kerak ovoz bosimi darajalari.

Tarix

1920-1940 yillar

1930-yillardagi kombinatsion kuchaytirgich va Rickenbacker elektr vertikal bosh 1935 yildan.

Dastlab asboblarini balandroq qilish usullarini izlagan basistlar tik bosh futbolchilar. Tik bosh balandligi taxminan olti fut bo'lgan (cho'zilgan uchi bilan) katta asbob bo'lsa-da, past registri tufayli akustik chalganda baland ovozli asbob emas, chunki past chastotalar masofaga qarab tez susayadi va inson eshitish qobiliyati kam past chastotalarda. 1890-yillarda va 1900-yillarning boshlarida bar va fohishaxonalarda ijro etadigan vertikal bass-ijrochilar ko'pincha karnay kabi balandroq cholg'u asboblarida tinglovchilarga eshitilishi qiyin bo'lgan. Qisman echim o'ynadi slap bass uslubi, nisbatan balandroq zarbli tovush chiqarish uchun iplarni barmoqlar panjarasiga urish.

1933 yilda Audiovox ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasi tomonidan tashkil etilgan Pol Tutmarc, keyinchalik birinchi ixtirochi elektr bosh, 1936 yilda gitaraga o'xshash gorizontal tarzda ijro etilishi uchun mo'ljallangan, qattiq va qattiq tanali Audiovox Model 736 Bass Fiddle. Asbob birinchi navbatda Audiovox Model 936 bosh kuchaytirgichi bilan sotilgan. Asosan yangilik sifatida ko'rilgan, ba'zilari esa Sietl hududida qolgan.

1950-1970 yillar

Amp Ampeg B-15 amper va karnay shkafi.

The Ampeg 1949 yilda Everett Xull tomonidan asos solingan Bassamp kompaniyasi bosh kuchaytirgichlar liniyasini ishlab chiqarish bilan elektr bosh uskunalariga bo'lgan talabning o'sishiga javob berdi. Birinchi taqdim etilgan Super 800 modeli - 18 vattli, bitta 12 dyuymli dinamik va orqa shamollatish porti. 1951 yilda Ampeg 15 dyuymli karnay bilan 20 vattli versiyasini taqdim etdi. 1960 yilda ular B ni taqdim etdilar. -15 Portaflex, bitta 15 dyuymli karnay bilan 25 vattli trubkali kuchaytirgich. Portaflex yoqimli bosh ohangiga ega bo'lgan va uni studiya basistlari ishlatgan. Jeyms Jamerson va Kerol Kaye, u stadionda yoki arenada kontsertda ishlatish uchun etarli darajada kuchli emas edi.^[1] Ampeg kuchaytirgichlari 1950 va 1960 yillarda elektro-bas gitarachilar tomonidan keng qo'llanilgan.

Leo Fender bilan 1950 yilda qattiq tanani "bosh gitara" ni tiriltirdi Fender aniqligi bosh. Qattiq tanali elektr bosh vertikal bassdan farqli o'laroq, ichi bo'sh tanadan akustik tovush chiqarmaydi; vertikal pleyer tez-tez bass amfidan foydalansa, bass amf elektr bas pleyer uchun zaruratdir.

1960-yillarning oxiriga kelib, rok guruhlaridagi elektro gitara chaluvchilari katta maydonlarni o'ynash uchun kuchli kuchaytirgichlardan foydalanishni boshlaganlarida, basistlar ham davom etishlari kerak edi.^[1] Acoustic 360 "200 vattli, qattiq holatdagi bosh, 361 shkafni haydash uchun mo'ljallangan, orqa tomondan 18 dyuymli karnay muhiti" edi.^[1] 1967 yilda amp va shkafni ishlab chiqqan muhandislar Harvi Gerst va Rass Alli 18 dyuymli karnayni " buklangan shox ilova; 360 amper o'rnatilgan noaniq bosh effektlar birligi.^[2] Acoustic 360 va uning 361 shkafi "... bas dunyosini tayyor qildi Woodstocks, Altamonts va gigant festival kontsertlari "deb nomlangan va undan funk basist kabi taniqli o'yinchilar foydalangan Larri Grem, Led Zeppelin basist Jon Pol Jons va jazz termoyadroviy ijrochisi Jako Pastorius.^[1] Jon Pol Jons Led Zeppelindagi ikkita amp / kabinadan foydalangan; Deyv Braun ularni ishlatgan Santana; Jon Makvi ning dastlabki yillarida amp / kabin bilan o'ynagan Flitvud Mac.^[2] 1967 yil dekabr oyida Akustik 360 ning baland ovozi olib keldi Eshiklar olish "... shovqin buzilishi uchun hibsga olingan".

1960-yillar davridagi yana bir baland ovozli va katta spektakllar uchun ishlatilgan amp va dinamik Ampeg SVT (Super vakuumli quvur), 300 vattli kuchaytirgich boshi, "o'n to'rtta [vakuum] naycha bilan ishlaydi" 8x10 "karnay shkafi bilan ishlashga mo'ljallangan.^[1]

Vox T-60 / AC-100 bosh kuchaytirgichida "germanium tranzistorlari" yordamida 15 dyuymli ikkita shkaf va o'ttiz-qirq vattli qattiq holatdagi quvvat ishlatiladi.^[3] Sunn Model T tomonidan ishlatilgan Moody Blues, Kiss, Qirolicha, JSST "s Jon Entvistl va Shoshiling "s Geddi Li.^[3] Sunn 150 vattli kuchaytirgichni "to'rtta 12AX7WA naycha, so'ngra ikkita 12AX7A naycha va to'rtta 6L6GC naycha bilan" ishlatgan.^[4]

The Gallien-Krueger 800RB 1983 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan qattiq ovozli kuchaytirgich boshi bo'lib, u baland ovoz bilan, toza ovozi va mustahkam konstruktsiyasi bilan basistlarga yoqdi. Bi-amplifikatsiya tushunchasini taqdim etdi, chunki u 300 vatt past registrli tovushni bosh karnaylariga va 100 vattni tvitterga yubordi.^[4] GK "boost" deb nomlangan trubka preampi simulyatoridan foydalangan. GK 800RB foydalanuvchilari kiradi Qizil achchiq qalampir baschi Burga va Qurol va atirgullar ' Duff McKagan.^[4]

Marshall JMP Super Bass - bu 100 vattli amper. Lemmy, basist / qo'shiqchi Motörhead, to'rtta 12 "karnay va boshqalari to'rtta 15" karnay bilan jihozlangan shkaflarni boshqarish uchun ushbu amperlarning ko'pchiligidan foydalanilgan. Uning amperlari "Qotil", "Tavba qilmaslik" va "Qotillik bir" deb nomlangan.^[3] The Peavey Mark IV - katta, qattiq holatdagi amper, 300 Vtni 2 ohmda ta'minlaydi; Mark IV o'zining qulay narxlari va ishonchliligi bilan mashhur edi.^[4]

Qo'rqinchli bosh kuchaytirgichini ishlab chiqdi Fender Bassman, birinchi 1952 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan. Bu bitta 15 dyuymli karnayga ega 26 vattli quvur kuchaytirgich edi. 1954 yilda Bassman to'rtta 10 dyuymli karnaydan foydalanish uchun qayta ishlangan. Ushbu karnay shkafi orqa tomonning dizayni edi; Shunday qilib, u past chastotali samaradorlikka ega edi va damping yo'qligi sababli bosh uchun ishlatilganda karnaylarni puflashga moyil edi. Bassman elektro gitara kuchaytirgichi sifatida juda mashhur bo'ldi. O'chirish dizayni ham bir necha bor o'zgartirilgan. 1958 yilda kiritilgan "5F6A" sxemasi klassik kuchaytirgich dizayni sifatida qaraladi va ko'plab boshqa ishlab chiqaruvchilar, masalan, Marshall tomonidan nusxa ko'chirilgan.

1971 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan Kustom 200 bosh kuchaytirgichi, 2 x 15 dyuymli karnay kabinetining tepasida alohida kuchaytirgich boshi mavjud.

1960-yillarning dastlabki rok-guruhlari PA tizimi faqat vokal uchun. The elektro gitara chaluvchisi va elektr baschi o'zlarining kuchaytirgichlari va karnay shkaflari bilan zal, klub yoki boshqa joy uchun o'zlarining ovozlarini chiqarishi kerak edi. Natijada, 1960-yillarda bosh pleyerlar ko'pincha katta, kuchli kuchaytirgichlar va katta karnay shkaflaridan foydalanganlar. Ba'zi bir bosh pleyerlar bir nechta bosh kuchaytirgichlardan foydalanishadi, bunda bitta bosh amfidan signal bir yoki bir nechta "qul" amperlarga yuboriladi. 1960-yillarning o'rtalarida Jon Entvistl (JSST ) birinchilardan bo'lib foydalangan Marshall uyumlari. Ko'pgina guruhlar 50-100 vattli kuchaytirgichlardan bitta shkaf bilan foydalangan paytda, Entwistle yangi eksperimental qo'shaloq staklardan foydalangan prototip 200 vattli kuchaytirgichlar. Bu, o'z navbatida, guruhning zamondoshlariga o'sha paytda kuchli ta'sir ko'rsatgan, bilan Jek Bryus ning Krem va Noel Redding ning Jimi Xendrix tajribasi ikkalasi ham quyidagi kostyum.

Entwistle, shuningdek, butun faoliyati davomida "bi-amplifikatsiya" bilan tajriba o'tkazdi, bu erda bosh tovushining yuqori chastotalari pastki chastotalardan bo'linadi, har bir chastota diapazoni alohida kuchaytirgichlar va karnaylarga yuboriladi. Bu ohangni ko'proq boshqarishga imkon beradi, chunki keyinchalik chastota diapazonining har bir qismi alohida-alohida o'zgartirilishi mumkin (masalan, ohang nuqtai nazaridan, overdrive qo'shilganligi va boshqalar). Versatone Pan-O-Flex kuchaytirgichida bass-amplifikatsiya uchun boshqacha yondashuv qo'llanilgan, bass va treble uchun alohida kuchaytirgich uchastkalari mavjud, ammo bitta 12 dyuymli dinamik. Versatone kabi taniqli basistlar tomonidan ishlatilgan Jek Casady va Kerol Kaye.

1980 - 2010 yillar

Professional bass-pleyerning gastrol safarlaridan sozlanishi. Bass kuchaytirgich - tokchadagi eng past shassi; yuqorida simsiz qabul qilgich, bir nechta kuchaytirgich qurilmalari va a quvvat konditsioneri.

1980-yillarda ommabop va rok musiqasida bassning o'rni shunchaki ritmik funktsiyani ta'minlabgina qolmay, yanada ohangdor bo'lib qoldi. Kuchaytirgich markasi ushbu yangi, "tovushli" ovoz bilan kuchli aniqlangan (kuchli bosh va baland ovoz balandligi va o'rta kesimli) Elliot izi. Kuchaytirgichlarni noyob qiladigan bir nechta xususiyatlar mavjud edi: GP11 pre-amfi juda keng bantlar bo'lgan bir-birining ustiga o'ralgan va shu bilan qo'shni bantlar kuchaytirilganda yoki kesilganda katta miqdordagi chastotalarni qisqartirish yoki kuchaytirishga imkon beruvchi 11 ta grafik EQ tasmasini namoyish etdi. Ikkinchidan, chastota diapazonlari bosh uchiga yaqinroq joylashtirilgan bo'lib, bosh gitara chaluvchilarning ovozini avval boshqa ampulalar ruxsat bermagani kabi o'zgartirishi mumkin edi. Bunga 250 yoki 500 vatt quvvatli MOSFET quvvat lampalari va alohida kuchaytirilishidan oldin yuqori chastotalar va yuqori chastotalar filtrlanadigan ikkita kuchaytirilgan tizimlar imkoniyati qo'shildi. Iz Elliot o'zlari uchun obro'-e'tibor qozondi; mish-mishlarga ko'ra, dastlabki foydalanuvchilar bo'lgan Jon Pol Jons ning Led Zeppelin, Endi Rurk ning Smitlar va Brian vertolyot ning pank guruh Shakllar. Mark King ning 42-daraja shuningdek, brendni erta qabul qilgan kishi edi.^[5] Endi ishlab chiqarishga bag'ishlangan kompaniya yangi binolarga ko'chib o'tdi Witham, Esseks, 1985 yilda o'sib borayotgan talabni qondirish uchun.

PA tizimlari takomillashgani sayin, shoxli "bas qutilari" va subwooferlar qo'shildi va ko'pincha to'g'ridan-to'g'ri oziqlanadigan bas gitara va klaviatura chastotalarini kuchaytirish uchun yaxshi jihozlangan edilar. 1980-1990 yillarda monitor tizimlari sezilarli darajada takomillashtirildi, bu esa ovoz muhandislariga sahnadagi musiqachilarga o'z asboblarining ovozini baland, aniq va to'liq diapazonda taqdim etish imkoniyatini berdi.

Ushbu 2007 yilgi fotosuratda Politsiya qo'shiqchi-baschi Sting, chap tomonida bir nechta 10 "karnayga ega bo'lgan bir nechta Ampeg shkaflarini ko'rish mumkin.

PA tizimlari va monitor tizimlarining takomillashtirilishi natijasida 2000-yillarda bosh pleyerlar endi stadion va arenalarda o'ynash uchun ulkan, kuchli bosh kuchaytirgich tizimlariga ega bo'lishlari shart emas. Ikki 8x10 dyuymli bass stakka va bir yoki bir nechta ulkan, kuchli bass boshlari bilan o'ynash o'rniga 2010 yildagi ko'plab bosh pleyerlar katta jonli maydonlarda nisbatan kichikroq va unchalik kuchli bo'lmagan bass kuchaytirgichlari bilan ijro etishadi. Buning sababi, ularning eng balandligi - narxlar 2010 yillarning bosh kuchaytirgichlarida odatda mavjud DI chiqishi ichiga o'rnatilgan bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan jaklar audio ilon kabelni ulab, keyin asosiy aralashtirish taxtasiga ulangan va PA tizimi orqali kuchaytirilgan yoki ovozni mustahkamlash tizimi.

2010-yillarda katta maydonlarda tomoshabinlarga etib kelgan deyarli barcha tovushlar PA tizimi yoki ovozni mustahkamlash tizimi, ulkan karnay tizimlari tinglovchilarga ishora qildi. Shuningdek, 2010-yillarda sahnadagi asboblar kuchaytirgichlari past darajada saqlanishi ehtimoli ko'proq, chunki guruh a'zolari sahnada amperlari baland ovoz darajasiga qadar "burishgan" bo'lsa, bu ularni qiyinlashtiradi audio muhandis tovush aralashmasini boshqarish va aralashtirish uchun. Masalan, agar og'ir metall basistda ikkita 8x10 "shkaf va bir nechta 1x18" subwoofer shkafi va bir necha ming vattli bosh kuchaytirgich boshlari bo'lsa va bu amperlar juda baland ovoz balandligiga o'rnatilgan bo'lsa, bu bosh pleyer sahnada juda muhim rol o'ynaydi. hajmi. Agar ovoz muhandisi PA / ovozni mustahkamlash tizimidagi bassni o'chirishni xohlasa, bu bassistning sahnadagi balandligi ushbu muhandis uchun FOH (House of Front) tovush aralashmasidagi bosh tovushini boshqarish va / yoki kamaytirishni qiyinlashtirishi mumkin edi. . Sahnada juda baland ovozli bosh pleyerlar bilan rivojlanishi mumkin bo'lgan yana bir masala shundaki, audio muhandis uchun PA / ovozni mustahkamlash tizimi orqali toza ovoz chiqarish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Misol uchun, agar bassist o'zining bass amperli karnaylarini haydab ketayotgan bo'lsa qirqish yaratish noaniq bosh ohang, agar audio muhandis "toza" bosh tovushga ega bo'lishni xohlasa, bu qiyinchilik tug'dirishi mumkin.

Ovoz muhandislari tomonidan sahnalar hajmini kamaytirish bo'yicha so'rovlar natijasida, 2010-yillarda ko'plab yirik joylarda. hozirda musiqachilarga etib boradigan sahnadagi tovushlarning aksariyati asboblar kuchaytirgichlaridan emas, balki monitor karnaylaridan yoki quloq ichidagi monitorlardan chiqadi. Ulkan karnay shkaflari va kuchaytirgichlar to'plamlari hanuzgacha musiqaning ba'zi janrlarida, ayniqsa og'ir metallarda kontsertlarda qo'llaniladi, ammo ular ovozni takrorlashdan ko'ra ko'proq vizual effekt uchun ishlatiladi.

Barlar va tungi klublar kabi kichik va o'rta hajmdagi joylarda PA tizimi maydon uchun bosh tovushini taqdim etish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lmasligi mumkin va PA tizimi asosan vokal uchun ishlatilishi mumkin. Turli xil joylarda, shu jumladan kichik va o'rta o'lchamdagi joylarda o'ynaydigan bass-pleyerlar maydon uchun bosh tovushini ta'minlay olishlari kerak bo'lishi mumkin va shuning uchun ular uchun katta kombinatorli amf yoki bass stak kerak bo'ladi. bu qobiliyat.

Turlari

Elektr bas va boshqa bass asboblarini kuchaytirish uchun ijro parametrlariga, musiqa uslubiga, bassist xohlagan ovozga, maydon o'lchamiga va boshqa omillarga, masalan, bassistning havaskor ekanligiga qarab, turli xil jihozlardan foydalaniladi. yoki professional musiqachi. Professional basistlar qimmatbaho "butik" amperlar va shkaflarga ega bo'lish ehtimoli ko'proq. Bas amperlari va shkaflarining barcha turlari shou va ovoz yozish studiyalariga ko'chirilishi uchun mo'ljallangan va shuning uchun ko'pchilik shkafni himoya qilish uchun turli xil xususiyatlarga ega (masalan, metall yoki plastik burchak himoyachilari) va karnaylarni (plastik ekran yoki metall panjara) uskunani tashish va harakatga keltirish (bitta ko'tarish dastasi amaliyot amperlari va kombinatsion amperlar uchun standart bo'lib, ba'zida katta shkaflarni ikki qo'l bilan olib yurish uchun ikkita tutqich ta'minlanadi va g'ildiraklar ba'zi birlashtiruvchi amperlar va shkaflarga o'rnatiladi). Kuchaytirgich "boshlari" ko'tarish dastagi bilan yog'och shkafga o'rnatilishi yoki ular kabi sotilishi mumkin rackmount 19 dyuymli vint bilan o'rnatilishi mumkin bo'lgan komponentlar yo'l ishi himoya qilish uchun karnay muhofazasi kombinatorli amperlar va karnay shkaflari uchun odatda qattiq vinil, gilam, namat yoki boshqa mustahkam mato bilan qoplangan yoki bo'yalgan.

Amperlarni mashq qiling

Kichik amaliyot kuchaytirgichi kam quvvatli va past hajmli bo'lib, ularni asosan bosh satrlarni individual o'rganishga moslashtiradi.

Eng kichik bosh amperlar asbobni kichik xonada individual mashq qilish uchun etarli darajada kuchaytiradi. Amperiya amperlari odatda guruhning mashg'ulotida yoki shouda foydalanish uchun etarli hajmli yoki past chastotali tovushni ko'paytirmaydi. Shunday qilib, ular asosan yangi boshlanuvchilar tomonidan yoki mutaxassislar tomonidan ishlatilganda isitish yoki individual amaliyot uchun ishlatiladi. Ular to'liq o'lchamdagi kombinatsiyalashgan amperli shkaflardan, masalan, orqa tomoni ochiq dizaynga ega bo'lish ehtimoli ko'proq elektr gitara combo amp.

Biroz avtobuschilar uchun ko'chada o'ynash maslahatlar ba'zi modellarda mavjud bo'lgan akkumulyator bilan ishlaydigan amperlardan foydalanishi mumkin.

Amaliyot amperlari yordamchi linkali uyaga ega bo'lishi mumkin, bu esa CD-pleer yoki elektron metronomni amaliyotga chiqish uchun aralashtirishga imkon beradi. Bundan tashqari, ko'pincha eshitish vositasining chiqish uyasi mavjud.

Yuqori narxdagi amperlarda a bo'lishi mumkin DI razvedka, shunday qilib oldindan kuchaytirgich signal to'g'ridan-to'g'ri a ga ulanishi mumkin aralashtirish taxtasi jonli shou uchun ovozni mustahkamlash tizimi yoki uchun ovoz yozish sessiya. DI jihozlangan bo'linmalar amaliyot amperini a ga samarali ravishda aylantiradi oldindan kuchaytirgich birlik.

Kombinatorli amperlar

Markbass 3x10 "kombaynli amp.

Mashqlar, studiya yozuvlari yoki kichik klub tomoshalari uchun elektr va vertikal bass-pleyerlar odatda bitta shkafda oldingi kuchaytirgich, ohang nazorati, quvvat kuchaytirgichi va karnay (yoki bir nechta karnay) ni birlashtirgan "kombinatsion" kuchaytirgichdan foydalanadilar. Alohida kuchaytirgich va karnay bloklarini ishlatishdan ko'ra kichikroq kombinatsiyalangan amperlarni tashish va sozlash osonroq bo'lishi mumkin va shuning uchun ular ko'plab bosh pleyerlar uchun mashhur tanlovdir.

Tinchroq, akustik janrdagi bass-pleyerlar kichikroq, kamtarroq ishlaydigan kombo amperlardan foydalanishi mumkin. Yuqori sahna hajmi bilan ko'proq bog'liq janrlarda o'ynaydigan basistlar (masalan, qattiq tosh yoki elektr ko'k ) katta, kuchliroq (vattli) kombinatsion amperlardan foydalanishga moyil bo'lishi mumkin.

Bass steklari

Bassist Jeff Ament (Pearl jam ) bosh stakka devorining oldida.

Stadionlar va ochiq havoda o'tkaziladigan musiqa festivallari kabi katta maydonlarda yoki kengaytirilgan pastki diapazonli va yuqori sahna hajmiga ega bosh cholg'u asboblaridan foydalanadigan musiqa janrlari uchun bosh pleyerlar ko'pincha kuchliroq kuchaytirgichdan (300 dan 2000 vattgacha yoki undan ko'p) va bir yoki bir nechta alohida-alohida foydalanadilar. karnay shkaflari (yoki "kabinalar") turli xil kombinatsiyalarda, "bass stack" deb nomlangan. Grunge-da ishlatiladigan kuchli, baland ovozli kuchaytirgich tizimlarining misoli Zanjirdagi Elis baschi Mayk Inez O'rnatish. U to'rttadan foydalanadi Ampeg SVT -2PRO kuchaytirgich boshlari, ikkitasi to'rtta 1x18 "ga ulangan subwoofer past registr uchun shkaflar, qolgan ikkitasi ikkita 8x10 o'lchamdagi shkaflarga ulangan.^[6]

Bosh stakda bitta karnay kabinetidan foydalanish mumkin, masalan, sakkizta o'n dyuymli karnay yoki 8x10 ". Bir, ikki yoki to'rtta karnayga ega kichik karnay shkaflari ko'proq ishlatiladi, chunki 8x10" shkafi katta hajmli va kuchli bosh ohangini ishlab chiqaradi, shkaflar juda og'ir va tashish qiyin.

Psixobil baschi Jimbo Uolles sahnada Hurmatli Horton Heat va 1x15 "shkafi, 4x10" shkafi va kuchaytirgich "boshi" dan iborat katta bosh stakka.

Ba'zi bitta shkaflar aralashgan karnay o'lchamlarini ishlatadi. Masalan, MESA Engineering kompaniyasining 1x15 "/ 4x10" shkafi,^[7] 1x15 "va 2x8" karnaylarga ega bo'lgan Peavey ning PVH 1516.^[8] va Traynorning TC1510 kombinatsiyasi, unda 1x15 "va 2x10" mavjud.

10 ", 12" yoki 15 "dan katta bo'lmagan karnay o'lchamlari bo'lgan katta shkaflar kamroq ishlatiladi. Masalan, 6x8" va 8x8 "kabina konfiguratsiyasini o'z ichiga oladi.

Bass-shkaflar tanlovi. Chapdan o'ngga: Fender kabinasi, Genz Benz kabinasi (va amp boshi) va ikkita Aguilar shkafi.

Ba'zi bosh pleyerlarning kombinatsiyani emas, balki "bass stack" dan foydalanishni tanlashining bir sababi shundaki, alohida komponent yondoshuvi bassistlarga har xil shoular yoki tadbirlar uchun turli xil karnay kabinetlaridan foydalanishga imkon beradi. Masalan, stadion o'ynayotgan bassist ushbu shou uchun 8x10 "taksidan foydalanishi mumkin, ammo keyin ertasi kuni tungi klub namoyishi uchun 4x10" kabinetni yoki studiya yozuvi uchun 1x12 "idishni olib keladi.

Katta karnay shkaflarida transportni engillashtirish uchun ko'taruvchi tutqichlar va qo'g'irchoq g'ildiraklar o'rnatilgan bo'lishi mumkin.

1/4 kirish raz'emli karnay shkaflari odatda ikkita parallel raz'emga ega, shunda amf boshi bitta shkafga ulanishi mumkin, so'ngra ikkinchi shkafni birinchi idishga ulab "romashka zanjiri" bo'lishi mumkin. Shoxli tweeterlar o'rnatilgan shkaflarda ko'pincha an bor susaytiruvchi tvitterni boshqarish uchun tugma.

Bass-shkaflar elektr gitara amperlariga qaraganda qalinroq yog'och panellarga ega va ko'pincha kuchli ichki mustahkamlashga ega. Bu past chastotalar chiqishi tufayli bosh shkaflar bilan bog'liq bo'lgan istalmagan shkaflarning shovqin-suronlari yoki shitirlashlarini ehtimolini pasaytiradi.

"Ochiq orqaga" bosh karnay shkaflari juda kam uchraydi, chunki konfiguratsiya past chastotali ohanglarni aniq takrorlashda qiyinchiliklarni oshiradi.

Boshlar

500 vatt quvvatga ega bo'lgan Hartke LH500 bosh kuchaytirgichi.

Odatda "boshlar" yoki "amf boshlari" deb nomlanadigan karnaylarni o'z ichiga olmaydigan alohida bosh kuchaytirgichlari odatda birlashtirilgan birlik bo'lib, oldindan kuchaytirgich, ekvalayzer (bosh va trebleni boshqarish) va a quvvat kuchaytirgichi bitta birlikda birlashtirilgan. Ba'zi bassistlar alohida preamplifier / power amplifier o'rnatmalaridan foydalanadilar, bu erda bir yoki bir nechta preamplifikatorlar bir yoki bir nechta quvvat kuchaytirgichlarini boshqaradi. Keyingi misolda, bosh pleyer bassga xos quvvat kuchaytirgichidan foydalanishi yoki a ni ishlatishi mumkin ovozni mustahkamlash tizimi quvvat kuchaytirgichi. Bass amf boshlari yuqori quvvatli quvvat ko'rsatkichlarida mavjud bo'lib, ular kombinatsiyalashgan bloklarda mavjud emas. Masalan, Ampeg SVT8-PRO amper boshi 2500 vattli RMSni 2 ohmga chiqaradi, bu eng katta 8x10 "shkaflar va eng katta joylar (stadionlar, ochiq havoda o'tkaziladigan festivallar va hk) uchun etarli darajada yuqori.

Agar o'yinchi alohida kuchaytirgich va quvvat kuchaytirgichidan foydalansa, u o'zi uchun mo'ljallangan quvvat kuchaytirgichini sotib olishi mumkin. ovozni mustahkamlash tizimi yoki PA tizimi yoki bosh asboblari uchun maxsus ishlab chiqarilgan quvvat kuchaytirgichini tanlang. Ushbu preamplar va quvvat kuchaytirgichlari ikkita formatga ega: 19 dyuymli raftga o'rnatiladigan birliklar va o'zlarining yog'och yoki metall korpusli birliklari. Agar o'yinchi o'rnatiladigan preamp va quvvat kuchaytirgichidan foydalansa, bu birliklar va har qanday effekt birliklari, masalan audio kompressorlar, 19 dyuymli tokka o'rnatiladigan yo'l qutilariga o'rnatilishi mumkin.

Mesa / Boogie bosh kuchaytirgichi "bosh"; e'tibor bering grafik ekvalayzer o'ng tarafdagi slayderlar

"Bass stack" yondashuvi bassistga burg'ulash moslamasini sozlash, turli xil modellar va markalarni aralashtirish imkoniyatini beradi oldindan kuchaytirgich, grafik ekvalayzer, quvvat kuchaytirgichi va xohlagancha karnay shkaflari. Shuningdek, ishlamay qolgan komponentni birlashtiruvchi kuchaytirgichda bo'lgani kabi, butun jihozni xizmatdan olib tashlamasdan, alohida-alohida almashtirish mumkin.

Kabi ba'zi professional darajadagi amp boshlari Ampeg SVT400-PRO, an audio krossover, bosh signalini past tovushli signalga ajratadigan elektron filtr (uni past baland tovushlar uchun mos shkafga, masalan, 1x15 "yoki 2x15" shkafga, va o'rta va yuqori chastotalarni boshqasiga ushbu registrga mos shkaf (masalan, 2x10 "yoki 4x10" shkafi o'rnatilgan tvitter). Krossoverli amperlar yoki zavodda oldindan o'rnatilgan bitta o'tish nuqtasiga ega bo'lishi mumkin (masalan, 100 Hz) yoki bassistga bosh signalining past va balandroq signalga bo'linadigan chastotasini tanlashini ta'minlash uchun tugma mavjud. O'zgaruvchan krossover nuqtasiga ega amperlar basistlarga ma'lum bir joy uchun karnay chiqishini aniq sozlashi mumkin.

Kuchaytirgich texnologiyasi

Kuchaytirgichlar asosida bo'lishi mumkin naycha ("termionik" yoki Buyuk Britaniyada, "valf") yoki qattiq holat (tranzistor) texnologiyasi yoki har ikkala texnologiyadan foydalanadigan gibrid dizaynlar, odatda trubkani juftlash orqali oldindan kuchaytirgich tranzistor bilan quvvat kuchaytirgichi.

Naychani kuchaytirish

"Electro Harmonix KT88" rusumidagi to'rtta elektr naychasining yarqirashi Kanadada ishlab chiqarilgan Traynor YBA-200 bosh gitara kuchaytiruvchisi.

Vakuum naychalari 1950-yillardan 70-yillarning boshlariga qadar ishlab chiqarilgan bosh kuchaytirgichlarda dominant faol elektron komponentlar bo'lgan. Bass uchun quvur kuchaytirgichlari deyarli har doim AB sinfidan foydalanadilar₁ samaradorlik sabablari bo'yicha topologiya. Ko'pgina bass-pleyerlar trubka kuchaytirgichlari "issiqroq" yoki ko'proq "tabiiy" tovush chiqaradi, deb hisoblashadi qattiq holat engil yoki o'rtacha haydashda kuchaytirgichlar va haddan tashqari haydashda yoqimli buzilish xususiyatlari. Ba'zi ijrochilar, shuningdek, trubka amperlari kuchaytirgichning ma'lum bir kuchi uchun baland ovoz balandligi darajasiga ega deb hisoblashadi.

Naychali kuchaytirgichlar qattiq holat kuchaytirgichlariga qaraganda ko'proq issiqlik hosil qilsa ham, naycha kuchaytirgichlarining ozgina ishlab chiqaruvchilari kuchaytirgichlar shassisidagi sovutish fanatlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Odatda etarli sovutish passiv konveksiya bilan ta'minlanadi. Haddan tashqari issiqlik naychalarning ishlash muddatini qisqartirishi yoki tonal qarama-qarshiliklarni keltirib chiqarmasligi uchun etarli havo oqimi kerak.^[9]

Naychali kuchaytirgichlar vakuum naychalarini almashtirish yoki naychalarni to'g'rilash kabi qattiq holatli tranzistorli kuchaytirgichlarga qaraganda ko'proq parvarish qilishni talab qiladi. Quvur kuchaytirgichlari, odatda, ekvivalent quvvatli tranzistor kuchaytirgichidan og'irroq. Naychalar shishadan yasalganligi sababli, naycha kuchaytirgichlari qattiq holat amfiga qaraganda ancha mo'rt.

Qattiq holatni kuchaytirish

A Peavey boshli amf boshi Ampeg 8x10 "karnay shkafi.

1960-70-yillarga kelib, yarimo'tkazgich yoki tranzistor asosli kuchaytirgichlar (shuningdek, "qattiq holat ") ommalasha boshladi. Bu, asosan, ma'lum bir quvvat darajasi va xususiyati darajasi uchun qattiq hol kuchaytirgichlari arzonroq, engilroq va quvur kuchaytirgichlariga qaraganda kamroq texnik xizmat ko'rsatishni talab qiladi. Shuningdek, tranzistorli kuchaytirgichlar ishonchli va kamroq naychali amperlarga qaraganda mo'rt.

Qattiq jism kuchaytirgichlarining chiqish tranzistorlari passiv deb nomlangan metall suyaklar yordamida sovutilishi mumkin issiqlik batareyalari issiqlikni tarqatish. Yuqori quvvatli kuchaytirgichlar uchun ventilyator ko'pincha havoni ichki sovutgichlar bo'ylab o'tkazish uchun ishlatiladi.^[10]

Gibrid

Gibrid bosh kuchaytirgich boshlari odatda naychani juftlashtiradi oldindan kuchaytirgich qattiq holat kuchaytirgich bilan. Bu pleyerni ikkala kuchaytirgich texnologiyasining eng yaxshi elementlari bilan ta'minlaydi. Naycha preampi pleyerga trubka kuchaytirgichi ohangini olish imkoniyatini beradi, bu quvur ixlosmandlari holati qattiq holat (tranzistor) preampidan "iliqroq". Shuningdek, naycha foydalanuvchilari, preampning hajmi baland ko'tarilganda bosh signallari paydo bo'lganda, quvur preampalari yanada yoqimli, tabiiy ohangga ega ekanligini ta'kidlaydilar. haddan tashqari ko'tarilgan; farqli o'laroq, darajaga qadar surilgan qattiq holat preampi signal "qirqish" qattiq bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zi bir gibrid amf boshlarida aylanma o'tish tugmasi mavjud, shuning uchun trubka sinib qolsa yoki texnik muammo yuzaga kelsa, trubaning preampini chetlab o'tish mumkin. Keyin gibrid kuchaytirgich boshidagi trubka oldindan kuchaytirilgan signal qattiq holatga yuboriladi quvvat kuchaytirgichi. Quvvatli kuchaytirgichlar naychali quvvat kuchaytirgichlari bilan taqqoslaganda ancha ishonchli, kamroq parvarish qilishni talab qiladi, zaif va engil vaznga ega. Gibrid trubka preampi / qattiq holatdagi elektr kuchaytirgichi bosh pleyerni har ikkala texnologiyaning afzalliklari bilan ta'minlaydi: quvur preamp tonusi va quvvat kuchaytirgichi uchun qattiq holatning ishonchliligi.

Vatt va hajmdagi quvvat

Yaqindagi rasm Ampeg SVT kuchaytirgich boshining old paneli.

Kuchaytirgichning vattdagi hajmi (balandligi) va quvvat chiqishi o'rtasidagi bog'liqlik a emas chiziqli munosabatlar: Inson qulog'i 50 vattli kuchaytirgichni vattdagi quvvat o'n baravar ko'payganiga qaramay, besh vattli kuchaytirgichdan atigi ikki baravar yuqori deb qabul qiladi. Kuchaytirgichning quvvatini ikki baravar oshirish, hajmning "shunchaki sezilarli" o'sishiga olib keladi, shuning uchun 100 vattli kuchaytirgich 50 vattli kuchaytirgichga qaraganda biroz balandroq bo'ladi. Bundan tashqari, inson qulog'ining o'zini tabiiy ravishda tutish tendentsiyasi audio kompressor yuqori hajmlarda.

Guruhda bassist, odatda, elektro gitara chaluvchisining kuchidan uch-to'rt baravar ko'proq talab qiladi.^[11] Elektro gitara chaluvchisi tez-tez mashq qilish va o'rta kattalikdagi chiqish joylari uchun 50 vattli amper etarli bo'lishini aniqlasa-da, ular bilan birga ijro etadigan bas-pleyerga kamida 300 vattli bass amfi kerak bo'ladi, bu elektro gitara amfining kuchidan olti baravar ko'proq. , yaxshi bosh hajmini olish uchun. "Kichik va o'rta o'lchamdagi joylarda muntazam ravishda konsert beradigan yanada ilg'or o'yinchilar ... odatda [300-700 vatt ishlab chiqaradigan amperlardan foydalaning]."^[12] Ba'zi bassistlar naychali bass amfi bir xil vattli qattiq bass amfidan balandroq eshitiladi deb hisoblashadi.^[13]

Mark Bass 4x10 "va 2x10" shkaflari ustidagi SWR kuchaytirgich boshidan iborat bosh stak.

Don Kerr akustik markali kuchaytirgich boshi orqali viyolonselda o'ynash.

Ko'plab kombinatsiyalangan amperlarning ustun bo'lishining bir sababi shundaki, ishlab chiqaruvchi karnay va quvvat kuchaytirgichi quvvatni boshqarish va impedans nuqtai nazaridan mos kelishini ta'minladi.

Empedans

Ampeg Portaflex - bu kichik, engil, ammo kuchli bosh kuchaytirgich boshi. U bir qo'li bilan olib yurish uchun etarlicha kichik va engil, ammo katta bosh stackni boshqarish uchun etarlicha kuchli.

Karnay kabinetining yoki alohida karnayning quvvatni boshqarish qobiliyatlari har doim o'ziga xos xususiyatga qarab beriladi empedans (elektr qarshilik o'lchovi); bosh karnay tizimlarida eng keng tarqalgan empedans ko'rsatkichlari 8 ohm va 4 ohmni tashkil qiladi, ammo ba'zi uskunalar 2 ohmgacha yoki undan kamdan kam hollarda 1 ohmgacha baholanadi.

Quvvatlantirish manbai

Aksariyat zamonaviy bass amperlar faqat quvvatlanadi AC elektr tarmog'i kuch. Amaldagi arzon amperlarda elektr manbaiga ulangan bo'lishi mumkin. O'rtacha narxdan yuqori narxgacha bo'lgan kuchaytirgichlar, odatda, olinadigan simi va vilkasiga ega bo'lib, soddalashtirilgan almashtirishga imkon beradi.

Aksariyat amperlar bitta kuchlanish uchun ishlashga mo'ljallangan. Ekskursiya bo'yicha mutaxassislarga mo'ljallangan juda oz miqdordagi qimmatbaho amperlar foydalanuvchi tomonidan tanlanadigan voltajga ega, bu esa basistga Shimoliy Amerikada ham, Evropada ham bir xil amperni ishlatishga imkon beradi.

Kam miqdordagi kichik kombinatsiyalangan amperlar o'zgaruvchan tok tarmog'ida ham, batareyaning quvvatida ham ishlashi mumkin. Bu basistlarga kuchga ega bo'lmagan joyda (masalan, uchun) tashqarida o'ynashga imkon beradi bussing ko'chada). Batareyadan ishlaydigan amperlar 12 voltli kirishga ega bo'lishi mumkin, shunda u a ga ulanishi mumkin avtomobil akkumulyatori timsoh kliplari bilan.

Karnaylar

Musiqa do'konining displeyi turli xil bosh "kombo" kuchaytirgichlar va karnay shkaflarini namoyish etadi.

Ikkita bosh yoki to'rt simli elektr boshdagi eng past eslatma E1, o'rta C dan pastroq ikki oktava (taxminan 41 Hz), besh qatorda esa B0 (taxminan 31 Hz).^[14] Yuqori chastotalarni ko'paytirish uchun talab ovoz bosimi darajalari eng ko'p degani karnaylar Gitarani kuchaytirish uchun ishlatiladigan katta diametrli, og'ir ishlaydigan drayvlar atrofida ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, ular 10 ", 12" va 15 "tez-tez uchraydi. Odatda, kattaroq karnaylar (masalan, 18") yoki kichikroq karnaylar (masalan, 8x8 "shkaf) sakkizta 8 "karnayni o'z ichiga olgan) ishlatilishi mumkin. Odatda, kichikroq karnaylardan foydalanilganda, ularning ikkitasi yoki undan ko'prog'i shkafga o'rnatiladi (masalan, 2x10 ", 4x10" va 8x8 "). 12" karnay uchun kombo amperlar va shkaflar 1x12 "va 2x12 bilan jihozlangan "; kamroq, 4x12 "shkaflar ko'rinadi. 15" karnay uchun kombo amperlar va shkaflar odatda 1x15 "ga ega, garchi 2x15" va hatto 4x15 "shkaflar mavjud. Kam miqdordagi 1x18" boshli shkaflar sotiladi (masalan, Elliot izi ).

10 "karnay uchun eng keng tarqalgan kombinatsiyalashgan amper va karnay shkafi konfiguratsiyasi 2x10" va 4x10 "dir. Karnay shkaflari uchun 2x10" va 4x10 "eng ko'p ishlatiladi, garchi 8x10" shkaflar stadion kontsertlarida, ayniqsa balandroq rockda ishlatiladi janrlar. 10 "karnayga ega boshqa konfiguratsiyalar mavjud, ammo ular kamroq tarqalgan. Masalan, kam sonli 1x10" va 3x10 "kombinatsion amperlar va karnay shkaflari va kam sonli 6x10" shkaflar mavjud. Bass karnaylari odatda qattiq qog'oz konuslari bilan tayyorlanadi. Hartke kombinatsiyalangan amperlari va karnay shkaflari konusning alyuminiydan yasalgan o'rtasidan tashqari qog'ozdan tayyorlanganligi bilan o'ziga xosdir. Gallien-Kruegerning MB210-II kombinatsiyalashgan amfi keramika karnaylaridan foydalanadi.

Karnay spektrining kichik qismida ba'zi kichik amaliy kombinatsion amperlarda 1x3 ", 2x5", 1x6.5 "va 1x8" dinamiklari mavjud.

Ko'pgina ishlab chiqaruvchilar o'zlarining uskunalari nomiga karnaylarning sonini va hajmini qisqartiradilar. Ikkita 10 dyuymli karnay "210" deb nomlanishi mumkin.

Quvvatni ismga qo'shish uchun ishlatiladigan yana bir qisqartma, shuning uchun ikkita 12 "karnayga ega 500 vattli Yamaha kombinatsion amfi" Yamaha 212-500 "deb nomlanishi mumkin.

Ba'zi janrlarda bosh pleyerlar sahnadagi kuchli ovoz uchun ko'p sonli karnay shkaflaridan foydalanadilar.

Keyinchalik kuchli kuchga ega basistlar a dan foydalanishlari mumkin subwoofer kabinet. Subwooferlar juda past chastotali reproduksiya uchun ixtisoslashgan bo'lib, odatda maksimal foydali yuqori chastotalar taxminan 150 yoki 200 Hz ni tashkil qiladi, shuning uchun subwoofer shkafi to'la diapazonli karnay shkafi bilan bog'lanib, elektr bosh yoki vertikal boshning to'liq tonal diapazoniga ega bo'lishi kerak. . Subwoofer shkaflaridan foydalanadigan bas-gitara chaluvchilarga B0 (taxminan 31 Hz) oralig'idagi yozuvlar bilan kengaytirilgan diapazonlarda ijro etuvchi ijrochilar kiradi; va C # 0 (17 Hz) va uslubi juda kuchli sub-bas javobini talab qiladigan basistlar ovozning muhim qismidir (masalan, funk, lotin, xushxabar, R & B va boshqalar).

Sahna monitoringi uchun subwooferlardan foydalanadigan klaviatura o'yinchilari kiradi elektr organ bassdan foydalanadigan o'yinchilar pedal klaviaturalari (ular taxminan 33 Gts bo'lgan past "C" ga tushadi) va 18 gigagertsgacha past gumburlovchi sub-bass qismlarini o'ynaydigan sint-baschilar. Sahnada kuchaytirilgan barcha klaviatura asboblaridan sintezatorlar eng past darajadagi tovushlarni hosil qiladi, chunki an'anaviy elektr pianino yoki elektroorganizmlardan farqli o'laroq, ular eng past darajasida mos ravishda "A" va past "C" darajalariga ega. sobit eng past oktavaga ega emas. Sahnada tomosha qilish uchun konsertli ovozli subwooferlardan foydalanadigan ijrochilar, ular qo'lga kiritgan kuchli sub-bas ovozini yoqtirishlari mumkin bo'lsa-da, ovoz muhandislari bu muammoni hal qilishlari mumkin, "Uyning old tomoni" sub-bas ovoziga xalaqit berishadi.

Shkaf dizayni

Odatda yuqori mahsuldorlikni (ayniqsa past chastotalarda) ixcham korpus hajmi bilan ham, past chastotali javob bilan ham birlashtirish mumkin emas. Umuman olganda, past chastotali ishlashni maksimal darajada oshirish uchun shkafning kattaroq kattaligi kerak.

Bass refleksi ilova sxematik (kesma).

Ko'pchilik bosh karnay shkaflarida shamollatish moslamasi mavjud bas-refleks past chastotali reaktsiyani oshirish va karnay tizimining samaradorligini oshirish uchun shkafga kesilgan port yoki teshik va ehtiyotkorlik bilan o'lchangan quvur yoki trubaning uzunligini ishlatadigan dizayn.

Odatda, ba'zi bir bosh karnay shkaflari bir yoki bir nechtasini ishlatadi passiv radiatorli karnaylar, odatdagidan tashqari ishlatiladigan ovozli lasanga ega bo'lmagan "uchuvchisiz konus" woofer shkafning past chastotali ta'sirini yaxshilash uchun. Passiv radiatorli karnaylar haddan tashqari cho'zilish xavfini kamaytirishga yordam beradi.^{[qachon aniqlanadi? ]}

Akustik suspenziya muhrlangan shkaflar bilan jihozlangan dizaynlar nisbatan kam uchraydi, chunki ular unchalik samarasiz. Ba'zi shkaflardan a uzatish liniyasi bas-refleksga o'xshash dizayni va kamdan-kam hollarda, ba'zi bir katta shkaflarda wooferlarning shoxli yuklanishidan foydalaniladi (masalan, 1960 yillarning oxiridagi Acoustic 361 18 "karnay shkafi).^{[qo'shimcha tushuntirish kerak ]}

Bosh kombo amperlar va bosh karnay shkaflarining aksariyati "old tomondan otishma" dir, bu erda karnaylar va shox (agar mavjud bo'lsa) oldinga qarab yo'naltiriladi. Ammo, chunki juda past tovushlar ko'p yo'nalishli, ba'zi kombinatlar va shkaflar mavjud woofers ko'pgina dizaynlar singari pastga yoki orqaga ishora qiladi uy kinoteatri subwoofer shkaflar. Chuqur bosh ohang shkafdan har tomonga taraladi.

Bosh kombo shkaflari va karnay shkaflari odatda kub shaklida yoki to'rtburchaklar shaklida bo'ladi. Some small- to mid-sized combo amp cabinets have a wedge shape, like a klaviatura amfi yoki a sahna monitor speaker cabinet. The wedge shape, also called a "rock back" feature, enables a bassist to point their speakers up towards themselves, to make it easier to hear their sound.

Tweeters

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Ma'lumot manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. (2010 yil mart) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

A 150-watt "combo" bass amp with a horn-loaded tweeter (in the top right of the speaker cabinet).

Yuqori chastota tweeters, odatda horn-loaded, are included in some bass instrument speaker cabinets.

In the early 1980s, some performers began using two-way or three-way cabinets, with 15" woofers, a vented midrange driver and a horn/driver, with an audio crossover directing the signal to the appropriate driver. Folded-horn bass guitar rigs have remained rare due to their size and weight. As well, since the 1990s, most clubs have PA systems with sabvuferlar that can handle the low range of the bass guitar. The more common use of tweeters in traditional bass guitar amplifiers in the 1990s helped bassists to use effects and perform more soloistic playing styles, which emphasize the higher range of the instrument.

Horns and speakers in the same cabinet are sometimes wired separately, so that they can be driven by separate amplifiers. Biamplified systems and separately-wired cabinets allowed bassists to send an overdriven low-pitched sound to the speaker, and a crisp, undistorted high-pitched sound to the horn.

Since the 1960s, some bassists have obtained a similar result by plugging their bass into both an elektr gitara guitar amp and a bass amp. This approach does not use a crossover, but since an electric guitar amp will only produce pitches down to about 80 Hz, the guitar amp reproduces the mid- to high frequencies and the bass amp reproduces the low frequencies. With this arrangement, distortion and other effects can be applied to the guitar amp without affecting the solidity of the bass amp tone.

Some bass amplifier combos have a "pichan konus " attached to the low-frequency woofer's centre. The whizzer cone is about the same size as a dust cap, although it resembles a miniature speaker cone. This handles the upper frequencies that are too high for the woofer.

Controls, jacks and indicator LEDs

Boshqaruv elementlari

The controls for a rackmount bass amp "head", the Hevos400D.

There are two main types of controls on bass amps: switches and rotary knobs. The simplest, least expensive practice amps and combo amps may only have a few switches and knobs, such as an "on/off" switch, a volume knob, and a bass and treble control knob. Mid-priced models may add additional tone controls (e.g., one, two or three "midrange" controls and a "presence" knob for very high frequencies) and/or add a second type of volume knob called a "daromad ", "oldindan kuchaytirgich " (or "preamp"/"pre"), or "drive" (short for "overdrive ") control. A good selection of equalizer knobs and gain stages is standard on expensive amplifiers. If an amp has one or more preamp or gain knobs, the second volume knob may be called "master", "volume" or "post".

Amplifiers for electric guitars are more likely than bass amps to have multiple "channels", but some bass amps also have channels. By providing two or more "channels", each with its own gain, equalization and volume knobs, a bassist can preset various settings (e.g., an hamrohlik setting for playing a backing part and a solo bass setting for playing a bass solo ). A og'ir metall band, a bassist may use a multi-channel amp to have one setting with an aggressive overdrive, while another channel has a "clean" sound for balladalar.

An unusual feature on Ashdown bass amps is a VU o'lchagich with a needle, which indicates input signal levels (pictured is the Ashdown ABM-300).

On some amps, setting the "gain" or "drive" control above a certain setting causes an overdrive effect, either due to the natural effect of overloading the preamplifier (or the preamp tube on a tube amplifier) and/or due to a buzilish; xato ko'rsatish effekt being turned on. Naychali kuchaytirgichlar typically also have a "standby" switch in addition to an "on/off" switch. Controls are typically mounted on the front of the amplifier near the top of the cabinet; often the knobs are recessed so that they do not project beyond the wooden cabinet, to protect the knobs during transportation. On amplifier "heads", protective metal U-shaped protrusions may be used to protect the knobs during transportation. On some amps, notably Roland models, the knobs and switches may be on top of the amplifier, at the rear of the top surface. Again, the knobs are usually recessed below the top of the wooden cabinet to protect them.

Mid-to high-priced amps may have other switches (which on some amps are switched on by pulling an existing rotary knob out) that boost or cut some part of the frequency range, such as "bright boost", "deep boost" or "mid scoop" switches. Amps with an onboard audio kompressor yoki cheklovchi, which is used to protect the speakers from sudden peaks in volume and from damage due to quvvat kuchaytirgichi qirqish, may have only an on/off switch to turn on the effect (as with lower- to mid-priced amps), or they may have one or more knobs to control how much compression is applied to the bass tone (typically a ratio and threshold knob or just a single knob). Some 2000s-era amps may have an elektron tyuner and a mute button, to mute the sound of tuning during a break between songs without having to change the volume settings. On some amps, vertical sliders may be provided to control a grafik ekvalayzer, which gives the bassist control over a number of frequency bands.

Higher-cost amps for professionals with an XLR DI out jack may also have a "ground lift" switch (to be used in case of a humming ground loop), a DI out level control knob, and a switch which determines whether the DI out signal to the PA or recording aralashtirish taxtasi is pre- or post- the amp's internal preamplifier and equalization circuitry. The pre-/post- switch enables a bassist to decide whether to send the audio engineer just the signal from her bass, or to send the signal once it has been pre-amped and equalized by her amp settings. Some higher-cost amps may have a parametrli ekvalayzer (or a semi-parametric equalizer) for some frequency ranges (typically the middle frequency range), which can be used to modify the bass tone to suit different styles or performance venues. Some bass amps have a 15 or 20 dB pad which can be used to attenuate "hot" signals, such as basses with an internal preamplifier (depending on the model of amplifier, some brands may provide two inputs (high and low gain) instead of providing a "pad". This pad can be turned on using a button. Some bass amps have an even stronger pad, a 40 dB pad.

Some bass amps may have additional controls for onboard effektlar kabi bas xor or a knob for controlling a multi-effects unit (which might include a suboctave generator, xor, reverb, noaniq bosh va boshqalar.). Some 2000s-era amps may have a knob to control digital amp or speaker emulation settings (e.g., emulating the tone of a huge 8x10" speaker stack or a vintage naycha amp by famous makers, such as the Ampeg SVT ).

Input and output jacks

This rear view of an Eden WT-400 Traveler Plus amp head shows a 1/4" speaker output, a 1/4" signal out (to plug into a second amp, if needed), a "send" and "return" jack for creating an effects loop, a DI chiqishi, auxiliary left and right inputs and a tuner out jack.

Bass amps come with a range of different input and output jacks, depending on the cost of the amplifier and its intended purpose. The least expensive practice amps may only have a single 1/4" input jack and no output jacks. Some practice amps and small combo amps have RCA or 1/8" inputs for plugging an MP3 player or CD player into the bass amp, to facilitate practicing with a recording. Some amps have a high-gain input, for basses which have internal preamplifiers on the instrument. The high-gain input is routed through a pad (attenuator). An amp may also have a low-gain input, which is unattenuated, for regular basses.

Lower-priced amps may have a preamp out. Bass amps intended for use by professional players may have an XLR DI output so that the amp can be connected directly to a aralashtirish taxtasi of a PA system or recording set-up. Some bass amps have a 1/4" headphone out jack, so that the bass amp can be used for silent practice. When the headphone is plugged in, the amplifier to the speaker is normally automatically turned off. Higher-priced amps designed for professionals often have "preamp out" and "power amp in" jacks, which can be used to make an effects loop. The power amp in jack can also be used to plug in an external preamplifier pedal, which would then bypass the amp's onboard preamp and EQ section.

The rear jack plate of an Ashdown 4x10" speaker cabinet shows the parallel speaker cable jacks that are usually provided on speaker cabs.

Some bass amps have an auxiliary in jack, for plugging in a baraban mashinasi, klaviatura boshi yoki sintezator. Some bass amps also have an external speaker out jack.

On some amps with a number of input and output jacks, the jacks may be consolidated in a patch bay. Some amps have an input jack for a foot-operated switch which can be used to turn on an effect or switch to a solo channel. Some amplifiers have a "tuner out" jack, for sending the instrument signal to an external elektron tyuner.

Bass speaker cabinets often have two 1/4" jacks. These are provided so that one speaker cable can be plugged into the first jack and connected to the power amp; if the bassist wants to use a second cabinet, a second speaker cable is plugged into the second jack and then into second speaker.

A small number of bass amps designed for the tik bosh have both a 1/4" input for a piezoelectric pickup and an XLR input for a kondensator mikrofoni mounted on the bass, with a simple mikser for combining the two signals, as described quyida.

Indicator LEDs

A DNA-1350 amp head; note the three indicator LEDs on the right-hand side, indicating amplifier status.

The least expensive practice amps and basic combo amps may only have a single indicator light: an LED to indicate when the amp's power is on.

More expensive amps may also have LEDs to indicate when the preamp has a signal present from the instrument; qachon a cheklovchi or similar speaker protection feature is activated; qachon qirqish is occurring; or when the amp is in standby mode.

Amplifying the double bass

A jazz bassist performing on an upright bass, using an amplifier and speaker to augment the instrument's natural volume

Almost all bass amplifiers are designed for use with an electric bass, which has magnit pikaplar. The signal from a double bass usually comes from a pyezoelektrik pickup mounted on the bridge or beneath the feet of the bridge. These pickups require a oldindan kuchaytirgich or preamp-equipped DI box before the signal is sent to the bass amp. The preamplifier helps to ensure that the empedans of the pickup signal matches the impedance of the amplifier, which improves the tone. Some preamplifiers also have equalizers which can be used to modify the tone.

Double bass players performing in genres where the bass is shapaloq, either by pulling the string until it snaps back onto the fingerboard or striking the strings, such as traditional blues, rockabilly, psixbilly jazz, folk, and bluegrass often blend the sounds picked up by a piezoelectric transducer with the sounds picked up by a small kondensator mikrofoni mounted on the bridge. The microphone picks up the resonance coming from the body and the sounds of the strings being plucked, bowed, or slapped. The two sound signals are blended using a simple mikser and then routed to the amplifier.

While many upright bass players use combo amplifiers, bassists in genres that use high stage volume, such as the punk-rockabilly genre of psixbilly use "bass stacks". Some jazz bassists and other bass players who play in small venues use specialized, expensive upright bass amps, like the Acoustic Image combo amplifier.

Double bass players playing in genres where a louder amplified tone (emphasizing the fundamental frequencies) is desired may encounter audio teskari aloqa. Feedback for double bass generally manifests itself as a sharp, sudden high-volume "howling" sound that can damage loudspeakers. When acoustic instruments with resonant bodies are amplified with microphones and piezoelectric transducer pickups, they are prone to have feedback problems. For acoustic bass guitars, soft plastic discs are available to block the instrument's sound holes, thus reducing feedback. Upright bass players sometimes use homemade foam inserts to fill in the "f" holes.

Preamplification and effects

A selection of bass effect pedals at a musiqa do'koni.

The basic sound of the amplified electric bass or double bass can be modified by electronic bosh effektlari. Since the bass typically plays an hamrohlik, beat keeping sifatida rol ritm bo'limi instrument in many styles of music, preamplifiers ("preamps"), siqilish, limiters, and equalization (modifying the bass and treble frequencies) are the most widely used effect units for bass. The types of pedals commonly used for electric guitar (distortion, phaser, flanger, etc.) are less commonly used for bass, at least in bands or styles where the bassist mainly plays a ritm bo'limi rol. In styles of music where the bass is also used as a soloing instrument (certain genres of og'ir metall, progressiv tosh va jaz birlashmasi ), bassists may use a wider range of effects units. Jazz fusion bassists who play basssiz bosh foydalanishi mumkin xor ta'siri va reverb for their solos.

A range of other effects are used in various genres. "Vah-voh " and "synth" bass effects are associated with funk musiqa. As well, since the 1960s and 1970s, bands have experimented with "noaniq bosh " where the bass is distorted either by overdriving the amp or by using a buzilish; xato ko'rsatish birlik. Fuzz bass was used by psixedel toshi bands in the 1960s and early 1970s and in traditional heavy metal bands (Led Zeppelin) during the same era. Octave-generating effects, which generate an octave below the pitch being played are also used by bass players. Many bassists in modern-day qattiq tosh va og'ir metall bands use overdrive pedals specifically made for bass guitar. Since the late 1980s, bass-specific overdrive pedals have been available; these pedals maintain the low fundamental pitch. Using a regular guitar distortion pedal for bass would result in the lower frequencies being greatly lessened. Well-known overdrive effects for bass include the BOSS ODB-3 Bass Overdrive[1], Electro-Harmonix Bass Blogger[2], Tech21 Sansamp Bass Driver[3][4], the DigiTech|DigiTech XBD Bass Driver [5], va Electro-Harmonix Big Muff.

Overdrive built into amplifiers

Over the years, various Peavey bass amplifiers have had built-in distortion effects.

Some bass amplifiers have an "overdrive" or distortion effect built into the unit. The Peavey Century 200 has an onboard "distortion" effect on the second channel. The Peavey VB-2 also has built-in overdrive. Aguilar Amplification's AG 500 bass head is a two-channel amplifier, one of which offers a "saturation" control for overdrive. Turli xil BOSS combo amplifiers have a built-in "drive" effect. Gallien-Krueger 's bass amp heads have a "boost" control which provides a simulated tube overdrive effect. The Behringer Ultrabass BVT5500H Bass Amplifier Head has a built-in limiter and overdrive. The LowDown LD 150 bass amp has a range of overdrive sounds, from a slight hint to heavy distortion. The CUBE-20XL BASS amp includes built-in overdrive.

The 75 Watt Fender Rumble 75 Bass Combo Amp and its 150 Watt and 300 Watt counterparts can produce an overdrive effect by using the gain and blend controls, giving overdrive sounds ranging from "mellow warmth [to] heavy distorted tones".^[15] The Fender SuperBassman is a 300-watt tube head which has a built-in overdrive channel. The Fender Bronco 40 includes a range of effects including modern bass overdrive, vintage overdrive and fuzz.

Lemmy Kilmeister, the bassist for Motörhead, obtained a natural fuzz bass tone by overdriving his triple 100 watt Marshall Bass stacks.

The MESA Bigblock 750 has a built-in overdrive channel. The Mesa M2000 has a high gain switch which can be engaged with a footswitch. The Marshall MB450 head and combo bass amplifiers have a tube pre-amp on the "Classic" channel which can be overdriven. The Ashdown ABM 500 EVO III 575W Bass amp head has a built-in overdrive effect. Overdrive is also available on many Crate bass amplifiers. The Yamaha BBT500H has three types of built-in drive effects: overdrive, distortion and fuzz. The Ampeg B5R Bass Amplifier has two channels: clean and overdrive, with the ability to combine the two. Verellen, a boutique amp company, produces a bass amplifier with a built in overdrive channel.

Ishlab chiqaruvchilar

A bass amp head used with two speaker cabs, with each cabinet containing two loudspeakers and a high frequency horn.

Bass amplifier equipment manufacturers include a variety of different types of companies, ranging from companies that only make individual components to companies that only make bass amplifiers and loudspeakers (e.g., Gallien-Krueger ). At the other end of the spectrum are companies that offer bass amplification equipment as part of a much broader offering of different types of asbob kuchaytirgichlari va ommaviy murojaat qilish tizimlari (masalan, Peavey, Carvin A&I yoki Yorkville Ovozi.)

Another way of categorizing bass equipment manufacturers is by which part of the market they are targeting. While Peavey and Yorkville products are aimed at the generalist ommaviy bozor, some bass equipment manufacturers, such as Acoustic Image or Walter Woods make expensive "boutique" equipment that is aimed at a Mart bozori within the professional musician market. Acoustic Image amplifiers and speaker cabinets tend to be used by professional acoustic folk and jazz musicians, and Walter Woods amplifiers are associated with professional acoustic jazz bass players.

Shu bilan bir qatorda

Little Dot Mk III trubkali eshitish vositasi kuchaytirgichi.

Some bass players cannot use a bass combo amp, either due to strict noise and disturbance rules in their apartment, lack of space to store a combo amp (if they live in a small room) or due to the need for a set-up which can amplify multiple types of instruments and/or voice. Alternatives to buying a bass amp for people who have noise or space constraints include a eshitish vositasi kuchaytirgichi or a micro-practice amp which includes a headphone jack (on bass amps, connecting headphones to a headphone jack automatically turns off the main loudspeaker). Multi-instrumentalists and bassist-singers can consider a klaviatura kuchaytirgichi, kichik PA tizimi, or some models of acoustic instrument amplifiers which include bass as one of the instruments which can be used; all of these options have full-range speakers that can handle the bass range.

While electric bass players have used regular gitara kuchaytirgichlari in large concerts since the 1960s, this is usually just for the higher register; a bass amp is still typically used for the low register, because regular guitar amps are only designed to go down to about 80 Hz. One of the reasons bassists split their signal into a bass amp and an electric guitar amp is because this arrangement enables them to overdrive the higher-register sound from the electric guitar amp, while retaining the deep bass tone from the bass amp. Naturally-produced overdrive on bass obtained by cranking a tube amplifier or solid-state oldindan kuchaytirgich typically results in a loss of bass tone, because when pushed into overdrive, a note goes to the upper octave second harmonik.

Bass players who do not have a combo amp who are playing live shows can connect their bass to a DI birligi va u erdan to PA tizimi. In a well-equipped Tungi klub or music bar, the audio muhandis can then route the bass signal to a sahna monitor suitable for bass, so the bass player and band can hear the bass tone. Some standalone bass oldindan kuchaytirgich pedals have a DI output, so this output can similarly be connected to a PA system. Bass players who are playing in small venues (kofexonalar, kichik pablar, etc.) will typically need to bring their own bass combo amp (or an alternative amp, such as a keyboard amp combo), because very small venues often have a very small, low-powered PA system which is used mainly for vocals. Some small venues do not have monitor speakers, or they have only one, in front of the lead vocalist. Bass players who do not have a combo amp who are laying down tracks in the recording studio can plug into a DI birligi (any professional recording studio will have one), which is connected to the audio konsol; The audio muhandis can provide the bassist with the sound of their instrument through minigarnituralar.

Shuningdek qarang

• Bass effektlari
• Gitara effektlari
• Asbob kuchaytirgichi
• Gitara kuchaytirgichi
• Guitar speaker
• Izolyatsiya shkafi (gitara)
• List of bass amplifier and loudspeaker manufacturers

Qo'shimcha o'qish

• Hopkins, Gregg; and Moore, Bill. Ampeg: The Story Behind the Sound. Hal Leonard, 1999.
• Fliegler, Ritchie and Eiche, Jon F. Amp!: Rok-N-Rollning boshqa yarmi. Hal Leonard Corporation, 1993.
• Zottola, Tino. Vacuum Tube Guitar and Bass Amplifier Theory. Bold Strummer, Limited, 1996.

Adabiyotlar

• Bass amplifier types and related. - Bassamplifier.org