Crocodylus - Crocodylus

Crocodylus
Vaqtinchalik diapazon: Kech Miosen - Yaqinda
PK Kirthar NP asv2020-02 img25.jpg
Mugger timsoh (C. palustris)
Ilmiy tasnif e
Qirollik:Animalia
Filum:Chordata
Sinf:Reptiliya
Buyurtma:Timsoh
Oila:Crocodylidae
Subfamila:Crocodylinae
Tur:Crocodylus
Laurenti, 1768
Turlar

Matnni ko'ring

Crocodylus Distribution.png
Ning dunyo bo'ylab tarqalishi Crocodylus

Crocodylus a tur oilada Crocodylidae. The ilmiy ism tomonidan taklif qilingan Jozefus Nikolaus Laurenti 1768 yilda.[1]

Taksonomiya

Mavjud turlar

13-14 tirik turlari:


RasmIlmiy nomiUmumiy ismTarqatish
Croc profili (2), NPSPhoto (9255693421) .jpgCrocodylus acutus Amerika timsohJanubiy Florida va Meksikaning janubiy Atlantika va Tinch okean sohillari Janubiy Amerikaga qadar Peru va Venesuela, Kuba, Yamayka, Hispaniola va Buyuk Kaymangacha janubgacha.
Crocodylus halli[2]Xoll timsohjanubiy Yangi Gvineya
Caiman del orinoco, Amazonas.JPGCrocodylus intermedius Orinoko timsohKolumbiya va Venesuela
Australian-Krokodil.JPGCrocodylus JohnsoniChuchuk suv timsohAvstraliyaning shimoliy hududlari
Crocodylus mindorensis Köln hayvonot bog'i 31122014 1.jpgCrocodylus mindorensisFilippin timsohLuzon yomg'ir o'rmonlari ichidagi Shimoliy Sierra Madre tabiiy bog'i, San-Mariano, Isabela, Babuyan orollaridagi Dalupiri oroli, Luzon va Ligawasan marshidagi Abra (provinsiya), Janubiy Kotabatoda Sebu ko'li, Bukidnonda Pulangi daryosi va ehtimol Agusan Marshda. Mindanaodagi yovvoyi tabiat qo'riqxonasi
Crocodylus moreletii - Tiergarten Schönbrunn 2.jpgCrocodylus moreletii Morelet timsoh yoki meksikalik timsohMeksika, Beliz va Gvatemala
Timsoh - Timsoh - Krokodil - 02.jpgCrocodylus niloticusNil timsoh yoki Afrika timsohlari, (Madagaskarda topilgan pastki turlari, C. n. madagaskariensis, ba'zan uni qora timsoh deb atashadi)Isroil va Suriya (tarixiy jihatdan), Somali, Efiopiya, Uganda, Keniya, Misr, Markaziy Afrika Respublikasi, Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi, Ekvatorial Gvineya, Tanzaniya, Ruanda, Burundi, Zambiya, Zimbabve, Gabon, Angola, Janubiy Afrika, Malavi , Mozambik, Sudan, Janubiy Sudan, Botsvana va Kamerun
Neuguinea-krokodil-0272.jpgCrocodylus novaeguineaeYangi Gvineya timsohshimoliy Yangi Gvineya
Ranganathittu qushlar qo'riqxonasidan mugger timsoh (Crocodylus palustris) JEG4362.JPGCrocodylus palustrisMugger timsoh, botqoq timsoh yoki hind timsohijanubiy Eron, janubiy Pokiston, janubiy Nepal, Hindiston, Shri-Lanka
Sundarbans India.jpg-dan Tuzli suv CrocCrocodylus porosus Tuzli suv timsoh yoki estuarin timsohJanubi-sharqiy Osiyo va Shimoliy Avstraliya
Kubalik timsoh 001.jpgCrocodylus rombifer Kubalik timsohKuba
3.06b.jpgCrocodylus siamensisSiyam timsohIndoneziya (Borneo va ehtimol Yava), Bruney, Sharqiy Malayziya, Laos, Kambodja, Myanma, Tailand va Vetnam.
Kachikally-timsoh-pool-manify.jpgCrocodylus suchusG'arbiy Afrika timsoh yoki cho'l timsohMavritaniya, Benin, Liberiya, Nigeriya, Niger, Kamerun, Chad, Markaziy Afrika Respublikasi, Ekvatorial Gvineya, Senegal, Mali, Gvineya, Gambiya, Burkina-Faso, Gana, Gabon, Togo, Kot-d'Ivuar va Kongo Respublikasi
Crocodylus raninus (Ning sinonimi deb hisoblanadi Crocodylus porosus; uning holati noaniq bo'lib qolmoqda.[3])Borneo timsohBorneo

Qoldiqlar

O'rnatilgan turlarga oltitasi ham kiradi yo'q bo'lib ketgan turlari:[4]

Filogeniya

The kladogramma quyida 2011 yilgi tahlil topologiyasi keltirilgan mitoxondrial Robert V. Meredit, Evon R. Xekkala, Jorj Amato va Jon Geytsining DNK ketma-ketliklari.[5]

 Crocodylus 
Osiyo + Avstraliya

C. porosusCrocodylus porosus white background.jpg

C. palustrisMugger timsoh oq background.jpg

C. siamensisSiyam timsohining oq fondi.jpg

C. JohnsoniChuchuk suv timsoh oq background.jpg

C. novaeguineae

C. mindorensis

Afrika + Yangi dunyo

C. suchus

C. niloticusNil timsohining oq fondi.jpg

Yangi dunyo

C. rombiferKubalik timsoh oq background.jpg

C. moreletii

C. akutusAmerikalik timsoh oq background.jpg

C. intermedius

Quyidagi kladogramma 2012 yilgi tahlildan topologiyani kuzatib boradi morfologik Kristofer A. Brochu va Glenn V. Storsning xususiyatlari. Ko'plab yo'q bo'lib ketgan turlari Crocodylus turli xil nasllarni ifodalashi mumkin. C. suchus kiritilmagan edi, chunki uning morfologik kodlashlari shu bilan bir xil edi C. niloticus. Biroq, mualliflar buni namuna olish bilan izohlash mumkin deb taxmin qilishdi va ikki turni alohida deb hisoblashdi.[4]

 Crocodyloidea  

"Asiatosuchus" germanicus

Prodiplotsinodon langi

Asiatosuchus grangeri

"Crocodylus" affinis

"Crocodylus" depressifronlari

Brachyuranochampsa eversolei

"Crocodylus" acer

 Crocodylidae  
 Tomistominae  

Kentisuchus spenceri

Dollosuchoides densmorei

Megadontosuchus arduini

Gavialosuchus eggenburgensis

Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis

Tomistoma lusitanica

Tomistoma schlegeliiTomistoma schlegelii. oq fon.JPG

"Tomistoma" kafedrasi

Thecachampsa antiqua

Thecachampsa americana

Thecachampsa carolinense

Penghusuchus pani

Paratomistoma courti

Maomingosuchus petrolica

 Crocodylinae  

"Crocodylus" megarhinus

 Mekosuchinae  

Kambara impleksidens

Australosuchus clarkae

Trilophosuchus rackhami

Quinkana

Brochuchus pigotti

"Crocodylus" gariepensis

Euthecodon arambourgii

Euthecodon brumpti

 Osteolaeminae  

Rimasuchus lloydi

Voay robustus

Osteolaemus osborniBristol.zoo.westafrican.dwarf.croc.arp. oq fon.jpg

Osteolaemus tetraspis

Mecistops kataphractusCrocodylus cataphractus faux-gavial d'Afrique2 oq fon.JPG

 Crocodylus 

C. checchiai

C. palaeindicus

C. antropofag

C. thorbjarnarsoni

C. niloticus Nil timsohining oq fondi.jpg

C. siamensis Siyam timsohining oq fondi.jpg

C. palustris Mugger timsoh oq background.jpg

C. porosusCrocodylus porosus white background.jpg

C. Johnsoni Chuchuk suv timsoh oq background.jpg

C. mindorensis

C. novaeguineae

C. raninus

C. akutus Amerikalik timsoh oq fon .jpg

C. intermedius

C. rombiferKubalik timsoh oq background.jpg

C. moreletii

Evolyutsiya

Crocodylus turlari orasida Hind-Tinch okeani mintaqasidagi ajdodlardan kelib chiqqan 9 million yil oldin va 16 million yil oldin.[6] Ular ichiga tarqaldi Afrika o'rtasida 8 million yil oldin va 12 million yil oldin. Bu taxminan 5 dan keyin kuzatilgan 6 million yil oldin tomonidan a transatlantik migratsiya uchun Amerika.[7][8]

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Laurenti, J. N. (1768). "XV. Crocodylus". Tibbiyot namunalari, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatam cum Experenais circa Venena [Avstriyalik sudralib yuruvchilar uchun zaharlar va antidotlarga oid tajribalar bilan sudralib yuruvchilarning o'zgartirilgan konspektini namoyish qiluvchi tibbiy risola]. Vena: Joan. Toma. 53-55 betlar.
  2. ^ Myurrey, Kristofer M.; Russo, Piter; Zorrilla, Aleksandr; McMahan, Kaleb D. (2019). "Yangi Gvineya timsoh, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Shmidt, 1928) populyatsiyalari orasida turlicha morfologiya. Mustaqil nasabning diagnostikasi va yangi turlarning tavsifi". Copeia. 107 (3): 517–523. doi:10.1643 / CG-19-240.
  3. ^ http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Crocodylus&species=raninus
  4. ^ a b Brochu, C. A .; Storrs, G. W. (2012). "Keniyaning Plio-Pleistosen davridagi ulkan timsoh, neogen afrikalik timsohlarning filogenetik munosabatlari va qadimiyligi Crocodylus Afrikada ". Umurtqali hayvonlar paleontologiyasi jurnali. 32 (3): 587. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.652324. S2CID  85103427.
  5. ^ Robert V. Meredith, Evon R. Xekkala, Jorj Amato va Jon Geytsi (2011). "Mitoxondrial DNKga asoslangan Crocodylus (Crocodylia) uchun filogenetik gipoteza: Afrikadan Yangi dunyoga transatlantika safari uchun dalil". Molekulyar filogenetik va evolyutsiyasi. 60 (1): 183–191. doi:10.1016 / j.ympev.2011.03.026. PMID  21459152.CS1 maint: mualliflar parametridan foydalanadi (havola)
  6. ^ Srikulnat, K; Thapana, Vt; Muangmai, N (2015). "Xromosoma o'zgarishlarining roli Crocodylus evolyutsiya va xilma-xillik ". Genomika haqida ma'lumot. 13 (4): 102–111. doi:10.5808 / GI.2015.13.4.102. PMC  4742319. PMID  26865840.
  7. ^ Oaks, JR (2011). "Timsohning vaqt bo'yicha sozlangan daraxt daraxti haqiqiy timsohlarning yaqinda nurlanishini aniqlaydi". Evolyutsiya. 65 (11): 3285–3297. doi:10.1111 / j.1558-5646.2011.01373.x. PMID  22023592. S2CID  7254442.
  8. ^ Pan, T .; Miao, J.-S .; Chjan, H.-B .; Yan, P.; Li, P.-S .; Tszyan, X.-Y .; Ouyang, J.-H .; Deng, Y.-P .; Chjan, B.-V.; Vu, X.-B. (2020). "Mitogenoma asosidagi ma'lumotlardan foydalangan holda mavjud bo'lgan Crocodylia (Reptilia) ning deyarli to'liq filogeniyasi". Linnean Jamiyatining Zoologik jurnali. doi:10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlaa074.