Kurd-turk mojarosi (2015 yildan hozirgacha) - Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present)

Kurd-turk mojarosi (2015 yildan hozirgacha)
Qismi Kurd-turk mojarosi (1978 yildan hozirgi kungacha) va Suriyadagi fuqarolar urushi
Sana2015 yil 24-iyul - hozirgi kunga qadar
(5 yil, 4 oy va 2 hafta)
Manzil
Sharqiy va Janubi-sharqiy Turkiya, Shimoliy Suriya, Shimoliy Iroq
HolatDavom etayotgan
Urushayotganlar
 kurka

Kurdiston Hamjamiyatlari Ittifoqi (KCK)

YDG-H:

HBDH
Kurdiston Ozodlik Xoklari
Qo'mondonlar va rahbarlar
Rajab Toyyib Erdo'g'an
Yashar Güler (2018 yil 10-iyuldan)
Xulusi Akar (2015 yil 18 avgustdan 2018 yil 10 iyulgacha)
Necdet Maxsus (2015 yil 18-avgustgacha)

Murat Karayilan
Bahoz Erdal
Jemil Bayik
Hülya Eroğlu[2]  † (katta kengash a'zosi)

Ayfer Kordu[3]  † (katta kengash a'zosi)
Jalb qilingan birliklar

Turkiya qurolli kuchlari

Turkiya milliy politsiyasi

Qishloq soqchilari

Boshqa kuchlar:
Kulrang bo'rilar[4]

Ba'zi kurd qabilalari[5][6][7]

PKK:

PJAK[1]
YDG-H:

HBDH
Kuch

10 mingga yaqin turk politsiyasi va harbiy xizmatchilari[8]
360 ming faol harbiy xizmatchilar[9]
244,000 politsiya kuchlari[10][11]
(2015 yildagi ko'rsatkichlar, ularning barchasi bevosita ishtirok etmaydi)
233 ming xavfsizlik xizmati xodimi[10]

65000 qishloq posbonlari[6][12]		4,000–33,000[13][14]
Yo'qotishlar va yo'qotishlar

1265 xavfsizlik kuchlari o'ldirilgan (boshiga Inqiroz guruhi )[15]
991 xavfsizlik kuchlari o'ldirilgan (Turkiya bo'yicha; 2018 yil yanvar holatiga ko'ra)[16]

7 183–9,327 xavfsizlik kuchlari o'ldirildi (PKK bo'yicha; 2017 yil yanvar holatiga)[17][18][19][20]

3135 jangari yo'q qilindi (boshiga Inqiroz guruhi )[15]
7071 jangari yo'q qilindi va 3020 asirga olindi (Turkiya bo'yicha; 2017 yil aprel holatiga ko'ra)

1.181 jangari yo'q qilindi (PKK bo'yicha; 2017 yil yanvar holatiga)[17][18][20]

529 tinch aholi halok bo'ldi (boshiga Inqiroz guruhi )[15]
226 noma'lum o'ldirilgan (tinch aholi yoki jangarilar; Inqiroz guruhi )[15]
535 tinch aholi halok bo'ldi (Turkiya uchun)[21]
500-1000 tinch aholi o'ldirildi (per.) HDP )[22]
Jami 2000 kishi o'ldirilgan (BMT bo'yicha; 2017 yil mart holatiga ko'ra)[23]

500,000 ko'chirilgan[24]

2015 yil iyul oyining oxirida Kurd-turk mojarosi turli xil Kurd isyonchi guruhlari va Turkiya hukumati ikki yarim yil davom etgan muvaffaqiyatsizlikdan so'ng otilib chiqdi tinchlik jarayoni uzoq davom etgan mojaroni hal qilishga qaratilgan.

O'rtasidagi ziddiyat kurka va Kurdiston ishchilar partiyasi (PKK) ikki yillik tinchlik muzokaralaridan so'ng 2015 yilning yozida yana boshlandi. Ular 2012 yil oxirlarida boshlangan, ammo kuchaygan ziddiyatlar fonida olg'a siljimagan Turkiya-Suriya chegarasi 2014 yil oxirida, Turkiya davlati o'zlarining kurd fuqarolarini qo'llab-quvvatlashlarini oldini olishganda Xalqni himoya qilish bo'linmalari (YPG) ga qarshi kurashgan Iroq va Shom Islom davlati Paytida (IShID) Kobani qamal qilinishi. Turkiya qamal paytida Islomiy davlatga yordam berganlikda ayblandi,[25][26] natijada keng tarqalgan 2014 yil Turkiyadagi kurdlar qo'zg'oloni o'nlab o'limlar bilan bog'liq.

2015 yil noyabr oyida Turkiya hukumati mintaqadagi bir qator shahar va tumanlar mavjudligini aytdi Sharqiy Anadolu mintaqasi PKK jangarilari va unga bog'liq qurolli tashkilotlar nazorati ostiga o'tgan edi. Turkiya hukumatidagi manbalarga ko'ra, 2015 yil iyulidan 2016 yil mayigacha Turkiyada 2583 va Iroqda 2366 kurd isyonchisi, shuningdek, Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlarining 483 a'zosi o'ldirilgan.[27] PKK, 2015 yilda Turkiya va Iroq Kurdistondagi to'qnashuvlar paytida Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlarining 1557 a'zosi o'ldirilganligini, 220 jangchisini yo'qotganini aytdi.[28] Ga ko'ra Xalqaro inqiroz guruhi, 2015 yil iyulidan 2018 yil dekabriga qadar Turkiyada 4226 kishi, shu jumladan 465 fuqaro o'ldirilgan,[15] shu jumladan kurd advokati Tohir Elchi.[29] 2017 yil mart oyida Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Turkiya hukumatining faoliyatidan "xavotir" bildirdi va etnik kurd ozchiligiga qarshi "ommaviy qirg'in, qotillik va boshqa ko'plab inson huquqlari buzilishlari" ga mustaqil baho berishga chaqirdi.[30]

2016 yildan beri turk harbiylari va Suriya milliy armiyasi ga qarshi operatsiyalar o'tkazgan Suriya Demokratik kuchlari ga olib boradi Suriyaning shimolini turklar tomonidan bosib olish.[31][32][33][34]

Fon

Asosiy maqolalar: Yechish jarayoni, 2014 yil Turkiyadagi kurdlar qo'zg'oloni va Rojava-islomiy mojaro

The Kurd-turk tinchlik jarayoni qamoqxonalar o'rtasida muzokaralar boshlanganini ko'rdim Kurdiston ishchilar partiyasi (PKK) rahbari Abdulla O‘jalan va Turkiya hukumati 2012 yil oxirida. Otashkesim e'lon qilindi va PKK undan chiqishga rozi bo'ldi Turkiya Kurdistoni ichiga Iroq Kurdistoni.[35] 2014 yilda g'azab ortdi Turk kurdlari ular sifatida ko'rgan narsalar bilan Turkiya davlatining ko'maklashishi ning Iroq va Shom Islom davlati hujum Suriya kurdlari davomida Rojava-islomiy mojaro,[36] bilan yakunlanadi 2014 yil Turkiyadagi kurdlar qo'zg'oloni davomida Kobani qamal qilish. The 2015 yil iyun oyida Turkiyada bo'lib o'tgan umumiy saylov Turkiyaning hukmini ko'rdi Adolat va taraqqiyot partiyasi (AKP) ko'pchiligini yo'qotadi va uchun yutuqlarni qo'lga kiritadi Xalqlarning demokratik partiyasi (HDP). Keyinchalik keskinliklar yanada oshdi Suruch bombardimoni va Jeylanpinar voqeasi iyulda, undan keyin Turkiya hukumati 2015 yilda Turkiyada politsiya reydlari ichida PKK pozitsiyalariga hujum qildi Iroq, PKKni sulhni to'xtatishga undaydi.[37][38]

2015 yil xronologiyasi

Asosiy maqola: Kurdlar va Turkiya ziddiyatlari xronologiyasi
Leyla Imret, sobiq meri Cizre va nemis siyosatchisi Jem O'zdemir, 2015 yil 15 sentyabr

Iyul

Suruch portlashi va Turkiyaning IShIDning qasosiga shubha qilingan

Shuningdek qarang: Jeylanpinar voqealari

2015 yil 20-iyulda, bombardimon asosan kurdlar yashaydigan tumanida Suruch tomonidan sodir etilganligi xabar qilingan Dokumacılar ga bog'langan guruh Iroq va Shom Islom davlati (IShID), 32 yosh faolni o'ldirdi va 100 dan ortiq odamni yaraladi. Jabrlanganlarning aksariyati a'zolari bo'lgan Ezilganlarning sotsialistik partiyasi (ESP) Yoshlar qanoti va Sotsialistik Yoshlar Assotsiatsiyalari Federatsiyasi (SGDF), Suriyaning chegara shaharchasini rekonstruksiya qilish uchun rejalashtirilgan safari to'g'risida matbuot bayonotini bergan universitet yoshidagi talabalar. Kobani amalda avtonom Shimoliy Suriya Federatsiyasi - Rojava.[39][40]

  • 21 iyul kuni Turkiya rasmiylari PKK harbiy qanoti turk askarini o'ldirdi va yana ikki kishini yaraladi Adiyaman, Suruchdan qasos sifatida va ularning aytishicha Turkiyaning IShID bilan hamkorligi.[41]
  • 22-iyul kuni Jaylanpinarda (Turkiya), ikki politsiyachi otib tashlangan uyqusida qurolli odamlar tomonidan boshida.[42][43] Bir hafta o'tgach, ammo Kurdiston Jamiyatlar Ittifoqi (KCK) vakili Demhat Agit, PKKning aloqasi yo'qligini aytdi va "bular PKKdan mustaqil bo'linmalar. Ular o'zlarini uyushtirgan va biz bilan bog'liq bo'lmagan mahalliy kuchlar" dedi.[44][45]

PKKga qarshi Shahid Yalchin operatsiyasi

Asosiy maqola: Shahid Yalchin operatsiyasi

21 va 22 iyul hujumlari e'lon qilindi a casus belli Turkiya hukumati tomonidan, natijada Turkiya Bosh vaziri Ahmet Dovuto'g'li PKKning Iroqdagi pozitsiyalariga qarshi faol havo operatsiyalarini boshlash to'g'risida qaror qabul qilish. Bu xalqaro miqyosda kurd-turk mojarosida sulhni to'xtatish davrining oxiri sifatida qabul qilingan.[46][47][48] The Nyu-York Tayms "Iroq reydlari juma kuni kech boshlanib, shanba kunigacha davom etdi va Turkiya hukumati bilan kurd jangarilari o'rtasida o'zlarining kurdcha nomi PKK ning bosh harflari bilan ham tanilgan ikki yillik beqaror sulhga barham berdi" deb baholadi.[49]

  • 24-iyul kuni PKK a'zolari Diyarbakir viloyatida politsiyachini o'g'irlab ketishdi. Bundan tashqari, Hakkarida PKK granatasi hujumi gumon qilingandan so'ng, ikki politsiya xodimi jarohat oldi, biri hayot uchun xavfli bo'lgan jarohatlar oldi.[50]
  • 25-iyul kuni viloyatida bomba yuklangan mashinaning hujumi natijasida ikki turk askari halok bo'ldi va to'rt nafari yaralandi Diyarbakir Turkiyada PKK jangarilari tomonidan.[51][52]

Arslan Kulaksiz va Hamza Yildirim operatsiyalari

Xabarlarga ko'ra, Turkiya kuchlari 26 iyul kuni yana o'sha g'arbdagi qishloqqa hujum qilgan Kobani kurd tilini nishonga olish Xalqni himoya qilish bo'linmalari (YPG) jangchilari va g'arbda YPG transport vositasini o'qqa tutdilar Abyadga ayting.[53]

  • 26-iyul kuni yana F-16 samolyotlari parvoz qilgani haqida xabar berildi Diyarbakir, bu safar faqat Shimoliy Iroqdagi PKK nishonlarini nishonga oldi. Havo hujumlari to'g'risida hukumat tomonidan rasmiy bayonot berilmagan bo'lsa-da, PKK manbalari, ularning Hakurkdagi asosiy bazalaridan biriga hujum qilinganligini aytdi.[54] Qatnashgan qiruvchi samolyotlar soni operatsiyaning avvalgi to'lqinlarida qatnashgan samolyotlardan sezilarli darajada kam bo'lganligi xabar qilindi.[55] Xuddi shu kuni turk artilleriyasi PKKning shimolidagi pozitsiyasini o'qqa tutdi Iroq bir necha soat ichida.[56]
  • 27 iyulda asosan kurdlar istiqomat qiladigan Mus viloyatida Malazgirt tumani jandarmeriyasining turkiyalik rahbari o'ldirildi.[57]
  • 28 iyul kuni, operatsiya boshlanganidan beri birinchi marta Turkiyaning ikkita F-16 samolyoti Turkiyaning ichida, Shirnoq viloyatida PKK jangarilarini bombardimon qildi.[58]
  • 28 iyul kuni Turkiya va Eron o'rtasidagi quvur Turkiyaning Agri viloyatida portlatilgan edi.[59] asosan kurdlar yashaydigan shaharda turk armiyasining serjanti o'ldirilgan; armiyaga ko'ra, PKK javobgar.[60] Boshqa bir viloyatda Turkiyaning janubi-sharqida Kurdiston ishchilar partiyasi (PKK) jangarilari deb gumon qilinayotgan politsiyachini o'g'irlab ketishdi.[61]
  • 28-29 iyul kunlari Zap, Metina, Gara, Avashin-Basyan, Hakurk va PKK lagerlari o'rtasida kechasi 28-dan 29-chi otishma boshlandi va Iroqning shimolidagi Qandil tog'lari Turkiya qiruvchi samolyotlari tomonidan urib tushirildi. yaqinda o'ldirilgan jandarmiya mayori "Arslan Kulaksiz" nomidagi operatsiya.[62]
  • 29 iyulda Kerkuk o'rtasidagi neft quvuri (Iroq ) va Jeyhan (kurka ) Turkiyaning sharqida, Shirnoq viloyatida portlatilgan[63] Hakkarida bo'lganida, politsiya binolari og'ir qurollar, shu jumladan, raketa otish moslamalari va uzun bo'yli miltiq bilan hujumga uchragan.[64] Boshqa hujumda, sharqiy Agri viloyatining Dog'ubeyazit tumanida uyushtirilgan hujumda bir askar halok bo'ldi va 4 askar yaralandi.[65]
  • 30 iyul kuni Tsinar shahrida bir politsiyachi va bir tinch fuqaro PKK partizanlari tomonidan o'ldirilgan.[66] Shirnoq viloyatida PKK jangarilari tomonidan o'z karvoniga qilingan hujumda uch askar halok bo'ldi.[67]
  • 31 iyul kuni Turkiya razvedka samolyoti yana bir bor Suriyaning shimolidagi YPG hududi ustidan uchib o'tdi. Ichida Iroq, Turkiya qiruvchi samolyotlari PKK pozitsiyalarini katta darajada o'qqa tutmoqda.[68]
  • 31-iyul kuni Turkiya qiruvchi samolyotlari PKKning shimolidagi bazalarini o'qqa tutdi Iroq, 30 ta samolyot jalb qilingan. Ushbu operatsiya PKK tomonidan o'ldirilgan onboshi Hamza Yildirim sharafiga "Hamza Yildirim" deb nomlandi kurka bir necha kun oldin.[69]
  • 31-iyul kuni Adananing Pozanti shahridagi politsiya idorasiga PKK tomonidan uyushtirilgan reydda PKK tomonidan ikki politsiyachi va ikkita PKK jangari o'ldirildi. Boshqa bir voqeada, PKK jangarilari mamlakat sharqidagi Kars viloyatidagi temir yo'lni bombardimon qilib, bir ishchini o'ldirdi,[70][71] Agri viloyatida esa PKKning uchta jangari o'ldirilgan.[72]

Avgust

  • 1 avgust kuni uyushtirilgan hujumda PKKning ikki jangari o'ldirildi va bitta tinch fuqaro yaralandi Katak[73] PKK jangarilari esa Kars-Erzurum-Ig'dir trassasida ikki soat davomida 70 kishini garovga olgan.[74]
  • 2 avgust kuni Mardin viloyatidagi harbiy konvoy minaga urilishi oqibatida bir turk askari halok bo'ldi va to'rt nafari yaralandi. Ikkala hujum ham PKKda ayblandi.[70]
  • 4 avgust kuni PKK kuchlari ichkaridagi qo'riqlash punktiga hujum qildi Shirnoq viloyati bitta askarni o'ldirgan va boshqasini yarador qilgan RPG bilan. Alohida hujumda, minada ikki askar halok bo'ldi, shuningdek Shirnak viloyatida Turkiyaning F-16 samolyotlari mamlakatning Hakkari viloyatidagi PKK lagerlarini nishonga oldi va qurbonlar haqida ma'lumot yo'q.
  • 7 avgust kuni PKK hujumlari natijasida ko'plab hujumlar paytida sakkiz kishi halok bo'ldi. Shirnak viloyatining Silopi shahrida politsiya va PKK o'rtasidagi to'qnashuv paytida besh kishi halok bo'ldi, natijada kamida bitta askar va bitta politsiya xodimi o'ldi. Agri viloyatining Dog'ubayazit shahrida PKK hujumi natijasida bir askar va bitta jangari halok bo'ldi. Mardin viloyatining Milyat shahrida PKKning politsiya patruliga hujumi natijasida bir politsiyachi halok bo'ldi. Boshqa joylarda to'qnashuvlar Shirnak viloyati Cizre va Uludere, Van viloyati Boshkale va Mardin viloyatining Nusaybin shaharlarida sodir bo'lgan. Shuningdek, PKK jangarilari Shirnak viloyatining Beytüşşebap yaqinida mikroavtobusni olib qochishgani haqida xabar berilgan.[75][76]
  • 10 avgust kuni Turkiyada PKKning bir qator hujumlari natijasida 9 kishi halok bo'ldi. Istanbulda, bomba yuklangan avtomobil politsiya idorasini nishonga olib, o'n to'qqiz politsiyachi, bir politsiya xodimi va ikki hujumchi jarohat oldi. Yana ikki nafar tajovuzkor AQShning Istanbuldagi konsulligiga hujum uyushtirdi, ammo qurbonlar bo'lmagan, politsiya hujumdan keyin to'qnashuvda hujumchilardan birini ayolni hibsga olgan. Shirnak viloyatining Silopi shahrida minada to'rt nafar ofitser halok bo'lgan politsiya karvoniga urildi. Sirnak viloyatining Beytushşebap shahrida jangarilar harbiy vertolyotga qarata o't ochib, bitta askarni o'ldirdilar.[77] Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlari Kevser Eltürk ismli PKK jangchisini o'ldirdi, uni yalang'ochlagandan keyin tanasini suratga oldi va suratni tarqatdi.[78][79][80]
  • 14 avgust kuni PKKning bir qator hujumlarida 4 askar halok bo'ldi. Hakkari viloyatining Dog'liqa shahrida PKK bilan to'qnashuv paytida uch askar halok bo'ldi va olti kishi yaralandi. Politsiya va PKK o'rtasidagi to'qnashuvda tinch aholi halok bo'ldi Baglar, Diyarbakir.[81]
  • 19 avgust kuni 4 turk politsiyachisi yo'l bo'yidagi bomba bilan o'ldirildi [82]

Sentyabr

  • 3 sentyabr kuni PKK Mardin viloyatida 4 turk politsiyachisini o'ldirdi.[83]
  • 5 sentyabr kuni Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlari qamalda Cizre, bir haftalik operatsiyada. Amaliyotlar natijasida shaharning kurd aholisi o'rtasida 30 ga yaqin o'lim bo'lgan.[84]
  • 6 sentyabr kuni PKK Hakkari viloyatidagi harbiy konvoyga ikki marta bombardimon qilib 16 turk askarini o'ldirdi.[85]
  • 8 sentyabrda PKK kuchlari 14 zobitni o'ldirgan Politsiya mikroavtobusiga pistirmadilar. Ikkinchi hujum, shuningdek, PKK kuchlari tomonidan politsiya xodimining otib o'ldirilishiga olib keldi.[85]
  • 25-26 sentyabr kunlari Shirnak viloyatida 34 nafar PKK jangari, 4 nafar tinch aholi va 2 nafar turk askari o'ldirildi. PKK manbalari 14 kurd isyonchisi va 75 turk askari o'ldirilganligini bildirdi.[86][87]
  • 28 sentyabr kuni kurd advokati Tohir Elchi o'ldirildi.[88]

Turkiya politsiyasi Cizredagi kurd xalqiga nisbatan "armancha" so'zini haqorat sifatida ishlatgan va Turkiya prezidentining katta maslahatchisi Burhon Kuzu, PKK a'zolari ularning arman ekanliklarini sunnat qilmaganliklarini aytgan.[89]

Oktyabr

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: 2015 Hakkari hujumi
  • 2-oktabr kuni turkiyalik harbiylar janubi-sharqiy shaharga kirishdi Silvan, ichida Diyarbakir viloyati izlash va yo'q qilish uchun tanklar, zirhli transportyorlar va yuzlab qo'shinlar bilan PKK shahar ichidagi elementlar. Natijada to'qnashuvlar natijasida kamida 17 nafar PKK jangarisi halok bo'ldi, PKKga aloqador mahalliy aholi esa Turkiya harbiylari artilleriya bilan tinch aholi punktlarini bombardimon qilgan edi.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • 4-oktabr kuni 24 yoshli namoyishchi Xoji Lokman Birlik jasadini politsiya mashinasiga bog'lab ko'chaga sudrab chiqmasdan oldin Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan o'ldirilgani haqidagi video tarqaldi.[90] Ba'zi hukumatni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi jurnalistlar va AKP a'zolari voqeadan olingan videoni soxta va fotoshoplangan deb atashdi, boshqa turk gazetalari, masalan. Sabah buni "terrorchilarga qarshi umumiy tartib" deb atadi.[91] Hukumat tarafdorlari, AKP Sabah gazetasi ushbu aktni himoya qilib, "jasadlarni zirhli mashinalar bilan sudrab borish, jasad portlovchi moddalar bilan tuzoqqa tushganida, bu terrorchilar uchun odatiy holdir", deb aytdi.[92] Haci Lokman Birlik HDP deputatining birodari edi Leyla Birlik hukumat aytgan kim PKK sherigi. Keyinchalik, Turkiya Bosh vaziri Ahmet Dovuto'g'li "bu qabul qilinmaydi" dedi va Birlikning jasadini sudrab olib borishga mas'ul bo'lgan ikkala zobit ham ishdan bo'shatildi. Ammo HDP ikkala zobit ham ishdan bo'shatilmaganligi va Ahmet Dovuto'g'lining bayonotlari haqiqat emasligi to'g'risida bayonot tarqatdi.[93]
  • 10 oktyabr kuni, a o'z joniga qasd qilishning ikki marta portlashi Anqarada kurdparast, chap va kommunistik fuqarolar tomonidan o'tkazilgan urushga qarshi namoyish mitingida amalga oshirildi. Bomba namoyishchilar orasida kamida 102 kishining o'limiga olib keldi.

Noyabr

  • 5-noyabr kuni turkiyalik harbiylar 40 kunlik ishini yakunlashdi 2015 Hakkari hujumi yuzlab PKK jangarilari o'ldirilgan, ularning o'nlab bunkerlari yo'q qilingan va o'nlab zenit qurollari qo'lga kiritilgan janubi-sharqiy chegara viloyatining tog'larida quruqlik hujumi.[94]
  • 15-noyabr kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari bilan 44 xil joyni bombardimon qildi F-16lar F-4E 2020 terminatorlari Shimoliy Iroqdagi uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchish apparatlari, PKK tomonidan yil boshida vayron qilingan omborlar, baraklar, bunkerlar va yashirin joylarni qayta tiklashga urinishlariga javoban 31-iyul kuni amalga oshirilgan havo hujumlari.[95]
  • 21-noyabr kuni Turkiya harbiy-havo kuchlari 23 ta turli joylarga zarba berdi Shirnak chegara viloyati va Shimoliy Iroqda PKK ta'minot liniyalarini kesib tashlagan keshlarni va yashirin joylarni yo'q qilish.[96] Ular orasida Turkiyaning janubi-sharqidagi Semidinli, Hakkari tog'laridagi ta'minot va boshpana joylari bor edi Iroq va Eron chegaralari.
  • 22-noyabr kuni Turkiya harbiy havo kuchlari 7 ta turli hududlarga zarba berdi Hakkari viloyati Iroq chegarasida 10 PKK jangarisini o'ldirish va bir nechta boshpana va ta'minot punktlarini yo'q qilish.[97] Yakshanba kuni Mardin viloyatining Nusaybin tumanida 23-dushanba ketma-ket o'ninchi kunga kirgan komendantlik soati paytida ikki tinch fuqaro ham o'ldirildi. Shu yil boshida Turkiya Bosh shtabi boshlig'i qurolli to'qnashuvlarda qolib ketayotgan tinch aholi qurbonlari haqida gap ketganda, harbiylar sezgir ekanligi haqida bayonot tarqatdi.[94][98]

Dekabr

  • 2 dekabrda PKK jangarilari masofadan boshqarish pultini o'rnatdilar IED a uchun tuzoq Turkiya armiyasi konvoyi, portlashda bir askarni o'ldirgan va 9 kishini jarohatlagan Mardin viloyati.[99]
  • 2 dekabr kuni PKK jangarilari komendantlik soati paytida politsiya nazorat punktiga qurolli hujum uyushtirishdi Sur to'qnashuvda bir zobitni yaralash va 3 PKK isyonchisini o'ldirish.[99]
  • 8 dekabr kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari 10 kishidan iborat tungi havo hujumlarini boshladi F-16lar Shimoliy Iroqning Qandil, Xarkuk, Zap va Avasin-Basyan mintaqalariga.[100]
  • 11-dekabr kuni Turkiya hukumati muddatsiz qaror chiqardi Sur, Diyarbakir uchun 24 soatlik komendantlik soati.[101]
  • 13-dekabr kuni PKK jangarilari politsiya idorasiga 18 xil portlovchi hujum uyushtirdi Dargeçit zirhga qarshi RPG 3 politsiya xodimi va 3 tinch aholini jarohatlagan raketa va granatalar, o'sha shaharda qo'zg'olonga qarshi operatsiyadan bir necha soat o'tib, 11 jangarini o'ldirgan.[102]
  • 14-dekabr kuni Turkiya hukumati muddatsiz qaror chiqardi Cizre shaharlari uchun 24 soatlik komendantlik soati va Silopi.[101]
  • 15-dekabr kuni Turkiya armiyasi va politsiyasi katta operatsiyani boshladi Shirnoq viloyati shaharlari Cizre va Silopi
  • 17-dekabr kuni Cizre va Silopida Turkiya armiyasi va Politsiya maxsus operatsiyalari bo'linmalari tanklar, zirhli texnika bo'linmalari va vertolyotlar tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlangan operatsiya bir hafta ichida 127 dan ortiq kurd isyonchilarini o'ldirdi. Shuningdek, operatsiya tufayli 27 tinch fuqaro halok bo'lganligi xabar qilingan. Xavfsizlik kuchlari qarovsiz qolgan uylar va xandaqlarga reyd uyushtirdi, jangarilarning mahallalari bo'ylab jang qilish va ozod qilish paytida to'siqlarni yo'q qildi. Atrofdagi tog'larda tanklar o'qi va artilleriya zarbalari ham amalga oshirildi, mahallalarning mustahkam joylari va xavfsizlik kuchlarini nishonga olgan snayperlar pozitsiyalari. Taxminlarga ko'ra yil boshida zo'ravonlik avj olgani sababli ko'p sonli bo'sh joylar va uylar PKK tomonidan ushbu operatsiyadan oldin mavjudligini mustahkamlash va mustahkamlash uchun foydalanishga qoldirilganidan beri shahar aholisining yarmi haydab chiqarilgan.[103][104][105][106][107][108]
  • 18 dekabr kuni Turkiya ichki ishlar vaziri Efkan Ala 3000 dan ortiq PKK jangarisi zararsizlantirildi, 10 tonna portlovchi moddalar musodara qilindi va shu yilning boshida iyul oyi oxirida sulh bitilganidan beri 240 qurol qo'lga olindi [109]
  • 21-dekabr kuni yo'l bo'yidagi bomba Bitlis PKKga qarshi operatsiya davomida 2 askarni o'ldirdi va 8 kishini yaraladi.[110]
  • 30-dekabr kuni PKK jangarilarining portlashi natijasida 3 askar yaralandi IED bomba Sur.[111]
  • 31-dekabr kuni politsiyaning barrikadalarni demontaj qilish va jangarilar qazib olgan zovurlarni to'ldirish operatsiyasi paytida 1 nafar politsiya xodimi o'ldirildi va 5 kishi jarohatlandi. Cizre. Favqulodda vaziyatda bo'lgan jarohatlangan zobitlardan to'rt nafari poytaxtga jo'natildi, Anqara keyingi tibbiy davolanish uchun.[111]
  • 31-dekabr kuni PKK tomonidan uyushtirilgan bomba hujumidan keyin bitta politsiyachi vafot etdi Sur jangarilarga qarshi uy operatsiyasi paytida. Xuddi shu operatsiyada Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlari qo'lga olingan RPG, 3 raketa, tankga qarshi raketa, 30 ta elektr bomba portlatgichi va PKKning ko'p sonli tashviqot varaqalari politsiya xalqni qo'zg'atishga qaratilgan.[111]

2016 yilgi xronologiya

Yanvar

  • 1 yanvar kuni 12 PKK jangarisi, ikki politsiya xodimi va bir tinch fuqaro halok bo'ldi Cizre.[112][113][114]

Politsiya xodimi o'ldirilgan Sur.[112] Bir askar va bitta tinch fuqaro halok bo'ldi Silopi[114][115] Cizre shahrida turk tanki ishlamay qoldi va zarar ko'rdi.[116] O'sha kuni jami 18 kishi o'ldirilgan.

  • 3-yanvar kuni PKK tomonidan o'tgan kecha mahallada o'rnatilgan minalar tuzog'i 3 turk askarini o'ldirdi Sur.[117]
  • 4 yanvar kuni PKKning yosh jangarilar qo'li tomonidan raketa hujumlari uyushtirildi YDG-H xavfsizlik kuchlarida Shirnak natijada otishma bo'lib, unda 2 jangari yo'q qilindi.[118]
  • 7-yanvar kuni Turkiya kuchlari 16 nafar jangarini yo'q qildi Cizre va 2 dyuym Sur so'nggi 3 hafta ichida PKK qurbonlari sonini keltirmoqda Shirnoq viloyati 426 ga.[119]
  • 7-yanvar kuni Turkiya harbiylari Iroqqa qochgan 58 nafar PKK jangarisini shaharchada mahalliy qishloq aholisi qiyofasida asirga olishdi Silopi ning Shirnoq viloyati
  • 8-yanvar kuni turk Politsiyaning maxsus operatsiyasi, Tez yordam guruhi tartibsizlik politsiyasi va politsiya razvedka guruhlari reyd o'tkazdi a HDP Kurd muxolifati partiyasining idorasi Istanbul politsiya 2015 yil 22-iyulda 2 nafar politsiyachini o'ldirish qotilligi to'g'risida politsiya xabar berganidan keyin 5 kurd siyosatchisini hibsga olish PKK jangarilar uyqusida Jeylanpinar shu idorada saqlanayotgan edi.[119]
  • 9 yanvar kuni PKK jangarilari tomonidan uyushtirilgan hujumda bir askar va politsiya xodimi otib o'ldirildi Diyarbakir, Turkiyaning asosan kurdlardan iborat janubi-sharqiy shahar.[120]
  • 10 yanvar kuni PKK va politsiya o'rtasida sharqda terrorizmga qarshi operatsiya paytida og'ir to'qnashuvlar yuz berdi Van 12 PKK jangarisi va politsiyachini o'ldirdi. Xavfsizlik kuchlarining aytishicha, operatsiya hukumat binolariga qarshi keng ko'lamli hujumning oldini oldi.[120]
  • 10-yanvar kuni turk qo'shinlari 20 nafar PKK jangarisini yo'q qildilar Cizre, Silopi va Sur to'qnashuvlar paytida.[120]
  • 12 yanvar kuni Turkiya politsiyasi ushbu shaxsga tegishli 16 gumonlanuvchini hibsga oldi YDG-H yilda Elazığ jamoat binolariga zarar etkazish va PKK propagandasi bilan maqtanish uchun olomon namoyishini aniq rejalashtirgan hujjatlar reyd paytida, 7 yanvarda boshlang'ich maktabni yoqib yuborish hodisasiga o'xshab olindi. Sirnak. Hujjatlarning o'zi PKKdan YDG-H yoshlar guruhiga topshirilgan deb ishoniladi.[121]
  • 12 yanvar kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari tunda havo hujumlarini uyushtirdi PKK lagerlar Buyuk Zab, Shimoliy Gare, Avashin va Basyan viloyatlari Iroq to'rtdan foydalanib F-16Dlar va ikkitasi F-4 Terminator 2020s Urushdan oldin lagerlar, g'orlar va boshpana joylarini aniqlash uchun uchuvchisiz vositalardan foydalangan holda texnologik jihatdan modernizatsiya qilingan og'ir jangovar samolyotlar. Xuddi shu bayonotda Turkiya qurolli kuchlari 15-dekabrdan beri 578 terrorist o'ldirilganligini va 2015-yil iyulidan beri PKK-da o'lganlarning umumiy sonini 3678-ga etkazganligini bildirdi.[122][123]
  • 14-yanvar kuni politsiya uchastkasi va politsiya turar-joy binosiga ulashgan avtomashinada 6 kishi halok bo'ldi va 40 kishi yaralandi Chinar, Diyarbakir, janubi-sharqiy kurka. O'lganlar orasida politsiya qarindoshlari, shu jumladan, xotini, 5 yoshli bola va go'dakdan iborat oila. Dastlabki bomba hujumida, PKK jangarilar xavfsizlik kompleksiga raketa va hujum qurollari yordamida o't ochishdi, natijada qattiq otishma sodir bo'ldi.[124][125] Kurdparast ommaviy axborot vositalarining so'zlariga ko'ra, PKK hujumi natijasida 30 dan ortiq politsiya xodimi halok bo'lgan deb da'vo qilmoqda, ammo hujum natijasida beshdan ortiq tinch fuqaro halok bo'lgan.[126]
  • 14-yanvar kuni Turkiya armiyasi qo'shinlari hukumat tomonidan o'tkazilgan operatsiyalarda 19 nafar PKK jangarisini o'ldirish bilan bir qatorda jami 10 nafar PKK jangarisini va ularning sheriklarini qo'lga olishdi. Ga ko'ra Turkiya Bosh shtabi, 12 kishi og'ir to'qnashuvlarda halok bo'lgan Cizre, 5 kishi o'ldirilgan va 10 kishi qo'lga olingan Silopi va 2 kishi o'ldirilgan Sur.[127][128][129]
  • 15 yanvar kuni 1 turk Politsiyaning maxsus operatsiyasi zobit PKKga qilingan reydda yaralangan va o'ldirilgan Shpal xujayrasi yilda Siirt PKK jangarilaridan snayperlar o'qi bilan. Turkiya ommaviy axborot vositalarining xabarlariga ko'ra, o'ldirilgan zobit Yalchin Yamanerning dafn marosimida 15000 dan ortiq odam qatnashgan Tokat. Politsiya oilaviy uylariga joylashtirilgan o'ldirilgan ofitserning oilasi nomidan uy sotib olinishi kerak. Xavfsizlik bosh boshqarmasi.[129][130][131][132][133]
  • 18-yanvar kuni turkiyaliklarning jami 3 nafar harbiy xizmatchilari Politsiya maxsus operatsiya boshqarmasi tunda o'ldirilgan va 7 kishi yaralangan IED konvoyni nishonga olishdan bir kun oldin tuzoq Idil. Xabarlarga ko'ra, og'ir to'qnashuvlar tong otguncha davom etgan.[134]
  • 2-yanvar, 18-yanvar kuni Politsiyaning maxsus operatsiyasi Yenimahalle mahallasida zobitlar o'ldirildi va 12 kishi yaralandi Shirnoq viloyati politsiya avtobusini PKK isyonchilari otgan raketaga urganida.[134]
  • 18-yanvar kuni Turkiya armiyasining ixtisoslashgan serjanti jarohatlariga berilib, snayperlar o'qidan juda og'ir yaralanganidan ko'p o'tmay vafot etdi. Sur.[134]
  • 19-yanvar kuni Cizre shahar kengashi a'zosi Abdülhamit Pochal va Selman Erdo'g'an o'ldirilgan va IMC TV operator Refik Tekin Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlari va kurd jangarilari o'rtasidagi otishmada 10 kishi bilan birga yaralangan, ammo kim guruhga qarata o't ochgani aniq emas. Kurdparast manbalarda aytilishicha, bu Turkiya tomoni bo'lgan.[135][136][137]
  • 19-yanvar kuni Turkiya kuchlari operatsiya o'tkazib, o'z mahallalaridan PKK tomonidan tahdid olgan oilani olib chiqib ketishga urinayotganlarni to'xtatishdi. PKK mintaqadagi kurdlarni uylaridan chiqmaslikka va qarshilik deb atalmish ishtirok etishga chaqirmoqda.[138]
  • 19 yanvar kuni, 3 Politsiyaning maxsus operatsiyasi PKK jangarilari to'siqlarni olib tashlash, to'siqlarni demontaj qilish va PKK elementlari tomonidan o'rnatilgan xandaqlarni to'ldirishda bo'linmalarga qarata o't ochganda a'zolar yaralangan.[139]
  • 21-yanvar kuni Turkiyaning yangi harbiy reydlari bo'lib o'tdi Silopi ishlab chiqarilgan AQShning kashf qilinishiga olib keldi RQ-20 Puma PUA PKK jangarilari qo'lida. Turkiya Harbiy mulozimlari, havo nazorati droni PKK elementlariga topshirgan deb hisoblamoqda YPG, Turkiyaning ashaddiy e'tiroziga qaramay AQSh tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan Suriyada joylashgan PKK ning singil guruhi. Turkiya qo'shinlari tomonidan uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz samolyotning topilishi Turkiyaning AQSh va Evropaning turli xil qurollarini YPGga etkazib berishidan shubhalanishini yanada tasdiqladi va oxir oqibat PKK qo'lida bo'ladi.[140][141]
  • 27 yanvar kuni boobytrapped barrikadalarni tozalash paytida Sur, Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlarining 4 a'zosi, bir vaqtning o'zida 3 armiya askari va bir kishidan iborat PKK jangarilari tomonidan oldindan o'rnatilgan masofadan turib portlatilgan portlovchi moddalar, raketa va snayper o'qidan iborat hujumda o'ldirildi. Politsiyaning maxsus operatsiyasi yana 6 kishini tan jarohati bilan yarador. Turkiya armiyasining ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, shiddatli to'qnashuvlar 9 PKK jangarisini o'ldirgan.[142][143]

fevral

  • 1 fevral kuni Sur tumanida 3 turk askari va 2 politsiyasi o'ldirildi Diyarbakir.[144]
  • 3 fevral kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari 40 ga yaqin samolyotdan iborat keng ko'lamli havo hujumi operatsiyasini boshladi va Shimolda 100 dan ziyod nishonga zarba berdi Iroq. PKK yig'ilishi ham nishonga olingan Qandil.[145]
  • Xabarlarga ko'ra, 7 fevral kuni 150 dan ortiq tinch aholi vakillari bo'lgan Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan podvalda yoqib yuborilgan.[146][147] Shiddatli to'qnashuvlar orasida 3 nafar turk askari bomba tuzog'i bilan yaralandi. Reyd paytida PKK jangarilari bilan telefonda gaplashayotgani xabar qilingan Faysal Sarıyldiz, a HDP parlament a'zosi.[147]
  • 12 fevral kuni Turkiya armiyasi qo'shinlari shaharchada 16 PKK jangarisini yo'q qildilar Cizre, 5 dyuym Sur va 6 dyuym Hakkari viloyati Shu kuni PKKning o'lganlar soni 27 kishiga yetdi, oldingi operatsiyalarda o'ldirilgan PKK jangarilarining 24 jasadi o'sha kuni topildi.[148][149]
  • 17 fevral kuni, a Kurdiston Ozodlik Xoklari (TAK) jangari[150] mashina olib bordi Turkiyaning poytaxti Anqarada bomba hujumi 28 kishini, shu jumladan 27 harbiy xizmatchini o'ldirish va yana 61 kishini jarohat olish. Hujum Turkiya qurolli kuchlari Mudofaa vazirligi va parlament binosi yaqinida harbiy xizmatchilar bilan to'la avtobusni nishonga oldi. Ayni paytda xavfsizlik kuchlari portlash bilan bog'liq 14 kishini hibsga olgan.[151][152][153][154]

Hukumat ikkalasini ham ushlab turdi YPG va TAK javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga olganidan keyin ham hujum uchun javobgar PKK. Keyinchalik jinoyatchi TAK jangari ekanligi DNK xabarlari bilan tasdiqlandi.[155][156][157]

  • 18-fevral kuni Turkiya havo kuchlarining qiruvchi samolyotlari shimolga keng ko'lamli aviazarbalar berdi Iroq oldingi kunlarga javoban Anqara bombardimi ichida katta qo'mondonlarni o'z ichiga olgan 60-70 jangarilar guruhini urish Qandil.[158][159]
  • 18 fevral kuni yo'l bo'yidagi bomba Diyarbakir viloyati 6 turk askarini o'ldirdi, yana ikkitasi qurolli hujumlarda o'ldirildi Shirnoq viloyati.[158][159][160]
  • 23 fevral kuni Turkiya kuchlari to'qnashuvda 6 nafar PKK jangarisini yo'q qildi Idil.[161]
  • 24-fevral kuni Turkiya kuchlari qo'zg'olonga qarshi davom etayotgan operatsiyalar paytida qattiq to'qnashuvlarda 20 PKK jangarisini yo'q qildi Idil.[161]
  • 24-fevral kuni Turkiya armiyasi AH-1 Super Cobra hujum vertolyotlari shaharchasiga kirishga urinayotgan 12 PKK jangarisini o'ldirdi Idil Suriya chegarasidan.[162][163][164]

Mart

  • 2 mart kuni Cizrada komendantlik soati 79 kundan keyin bekor qilindi.[165]
  • 6 mart kuni, o'tgan yilning iyulidan beri 1250 jangari o'ldirilganligi to'g'risida e'lon qilingan ma'lumotlar Nusaybin, Dargecit va Derik tumanlari Mardin viloyati. Hisobotda qo'shimcha ravishda xavfsizlik kuchlarini nishonga olgan 3000 dan ortiq portlovchi moddalar zararsizlantirildi, 2307 to'siqlar va zovurlar demontaj qilindi va to'ldirildi.[166]
  • 6 martda 6 nafar sudlangan PKK jangarilari chiqib ketishdi Diyarbakir qamoqxonasi. Yo'qotilgan joyda qo'ng'iroq 6 ni ko'rsatdi. Natijada, qamoqxonada xavfsizlik choralari kuchaytirildi va qochqinlarning qaerdaligini aniqlash bo'yicha operatsiya davom etmoqda.[167][168]
  • 7 mart kuni Turk qo'shinlari Sur tumanida 4 PKK jangarisini yo'q qildilar Diyarbakir viloyati va qo'shinlarni sabotaj qilishga qaratilgan 16 ta portlovchi moslamalarni zararsizlantirishdi.[169]
  • 7 mart kuni Turkiyaning qo'zg'olonchilarga qarshi operatsiyasi ichida 6 PKK jangarisini yo'q qildi Idil. Turkiya qo'shinlari xuddi shu operatsiyada jami 18 ta portlovchi moslamalarni zararsizlantirishdi.[169]
  • Xabarlarga ko'ra, 9 mart kuni Turkiyaning havo hujumlari natijasida PKK boshpanalari, o'q-dorilar omborlari va ta'minot liniyalari urilgan shimoliy Iroq.[170]
  • 11 mart kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari havo hujumlarida kamida 67 PKK jangarisi o'ldirilganligi xabar qilingan shimoliy Iroq. Xabar qilinishicha, Turkiyaning F-16 va F-4E Terminator 2020 samolyotlari PKKning bosh qarorgohiga zarba bergan Eron-Iroq chegarasi. men[171][172][173]
  • 13 mart kuni PKK gumon qilingan poytaxt Anqarada avtomashinani portlatish avtomobil shaharning eng gavjum joylaridan birida va bosh vazirlar idorasidan atigi bir necha yuz metr narida portlashidan oldin avtoulovning tezlashib ketishi va avtoulovga urilishi oqibatida 37 tinch aholini o'ldirgan va yana 125 kishini jarohatlagan. O'ldirilganlar orasida taniqli futbolchining otasi ham bor Umut Bulut.[174][175] To'rt kundan keyin hujum uchun javobgarlikni TAK o'z zimmasiga oldi.[176]
  • 14 mart kuni, Anqara portlashidan bir kun o'tib, 11 Turkiya havo kuchlari jangovar samolyotlar ichida 18 xil nishonga zarba berdi Shimoliy Iroq gumon qilingan PKK portlashiga javoban.[177][178] Kamida 45 gumon PKK jangarilari yo'q qilindi.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • 16 mart kuni Turkiya politsiyasi PKK terrorizmiga aloqadorlikda gumon qilingan 73 kishini hibsga oldi, ular qatorida butun mamlakat bo'ylab advokatlar, shu munosabat bilan o'tkazilgan reydlar paytida 2016 yil mart oyida Anqaradagi portlash.[179]
  • 22 martda Nusaybin shahrida PKK jangarilari hujumi natijasida turkiyalik bir askar halok bo'ldi va 6 kishi yaralandi.[180]
  • 23 mart kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari F-16lar va F-4 Terminator 2020s ichida PKKning bir nechta maqsadlariga zarba berdi shimoliy Iroq va Turkiyaning chegaradosh janubi-sharqiy tog'larida boshpanalar, g'orlar, qurol-yarog 'omborlari va kamida 24 isyonchini o'ldirgan jangarilar.[181][182][183]
  • 24 mart kuni turk kuchlari PKK bilan aloqada bo'lganlarni yo'q qildi YPS etakchi Sirnak[184]
  • 28 mart kuni Turkiya hukumati tomonidan 9000 gektar mulkni noqonuniy ravishda musodara qilish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilganligi to'g'risidagi hujjatlar e'lon qilindi. tarixiy shahar markazi ning Diyarbakir diniy fondlarga tegishli minglab xususiy mulk va 6 cherkovni o'z ichiga olgan. Turkiya hukumati ular tarixiy tumandagi erlarni va mol-mulklarni qayta qurish va ta'mirlash uchun o'zlashtirganligini ta'kidlamoqda, garchi mahalliy aholi bunga shubha bilan qaramoqda, chunki ajratmalar mintaqada ko'proq mojaroni keltirib chiqardi.[185]
  • 29 mart kuni Solih Zeki Cetinkaya, raisi Adolat va taraqqiyot partiyasi (AKP) in Ispir ichida PKK jangarilari tomonidan o'g'irlab ketilgan Bitlar.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • 29 mart kuni Turkiyaning davom etayotgan harbiy operatsiyalari ichida 16 PKK jangarisini yo'q qildi Nusaybin.[186]
  • 29 mart kuni Turkiya qo'shinlari to'qnashuv paytida 9 PKK jangarisini yo'q qildilar Sirnak.[186]
  • 29 martda turk qo'shinlari PKKning 3 jangarisini yo'q qildilar va to'qnashuvlar paytida ilgari o'ldirilgan jangarining bitta jasadini topdilar Yüksekova [186]
  • 31 mart kuni PKK mashinasiga bomba qo'yilishi oqibatida 7 politsiyachi halok bo'ldi va 27 kishi jarohat oldi Diyarbakir portlovchi moddalar ortilgan transport vositasi politsiya avtobusiga urilib, portlaganidan keyin.[187][188]

Aprel

  • 2 aprelda 5 turk qo'shini va a Politsiyaning maxsus operatsiyasi zobit o'ldirilgan Nusaybin tomonidan IED bombasi PKK jangarilari tomonidan ekilgan.[189][190]
  • 3 aprel kuni Turkiya kuchlari o'n etti jangarini yo'q qildi Yuksekova, olti dyuym Nusaybin va to'rtta Sirnak qo'zg'olonga qarshi operatsiyalarda ularning soni 27 taga yetdi.[191]
  • 4 aprelda harbiylashtirilgan kurd a'zosi Qishloq posboni PKK isyonchilariga qarshi turk kuchlari bilan jang qilayotgan kuchlar, PKK jangarilari tomonidan klinikaning oldida shifokor qiyofasida o'ldirilgan. Bitlis.[192]
  • 5 aprelda, Turkiya havo kuchlari F-16lar va F-4 Terminator 2020s PKK maqsadlariga hujum qildi Qandil tog'lari shimoliy Iroq, urilgan nishonlarga PKK qurol-yarog 'omborlari, o'q-dori omborlari va jangarilarning boshpanalari kiradi 67 jangari.[193][194]
  • 5 aprel kuni Turkiya armiyasining tanki tog'li hudud orqali zirhli konvoy tarkibida sayohat qilib, davom etayotgan mintaqaviy harbiy operatsiyalarga yo'l oldi. Uludere jarlikdan qulab tushib, quyida joylashgan kanyonga tushib, 1 nafar ekipaj a'zosini o'ldirgan va boshqasini yaralagan.[195][196][197]
  • 7 aprel kuni turkiyalik askar va Politsiyaning maxsus operatsiyasi zobit o'ldirilgan IED bombasi hujum qilish Nusaybin jangarilarni yo'q qilish uchun davom etayotgan harbiy harakatlar paytida.[198]
  • 8-aprel kuni Turkiya harbiy samolyotlari Turkiyaning janubi-sharqiy qismida va Iroqning shimolida aniqlanmagan nishonlarga zarba berdi.[199]
  • 8-aprel kuni Turkiya kuchlari janubi-sharqiy mamlakatlarda o'tkazilgan harbiy amaliyotlarda 12 PKK jangarisini yo'q qildi. 7 dyuym Nusaybin, 3 dyuym Hakkari va 2 jangari Sirnak.[200]
  • 10 aprel kuni Turkiya armiyasi operatsiyasini boshladi Hakkari turli tumanlarda 19 PKK jangarisini yo'q qilish. Turk qo'shinlari o'nlab qo'lbola bombalarni topdilar, AK-47 uslubdagi avtomatlar, RPG-7 bir soat atrofida davom etgan operatsiya davomida raketalar va raketalar.[201][202]
  • 12-aprel kuni yuk mashinalari tomonidan bombali hujum PKK jangarilar Xani mintaqaviy Jandarmiya shtab 3 turk askarini o'ldirdi va 54 kishini yaraladi.[203][204][205]
  • 12 aprel kuni Turkiya qo'shinlari va PKK o'rtasidagi to'qnashuvlar paytida Hakkari noma'lum va tasodifiy portlash, ehtimol an IED bombasi 1 askarni o'ldirgan va 4 kishini jarohatlagan.[206]
  • 12 aprelda PKK jangarilarining qurolli hujumi davom etayotgan harbiy harakatlar paytida 1 askarni o'ldirdi va 4 kishini yaraladi Sirnak.[207]
  • 13 aprel kuni xavfsizlik kuchlari bilan to'qnashuv paytida PKK jangarilarining yuqori martabali rahbari Jemil Ates o'ldirildi Mush[208]
  • 5-aprel, 16-aprel kuni Politsiyaning maxsus operatsiyasi officers were killed and 6 others were wounded by a roadside bomb in Savur.[209]
  • On 17 April, 23 PKK militants were killed in the mountains of Tunceli in a military operation by troops and attack helicopters after a Turkish PUA spotted a group of militants.[210][211]
  • On 21 April, Turkish F-16's carried out air-strikes in the mountains of Hakkari va Sirnak destroying PKK targets.[212]
  • On 22 April, 3 Turkish soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb planted by PKK militants in Tunceli.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • On 22 April, Turkish forces killed 8 PKK militants in ongoing military operations in Sirnak.[213]
  • On 22 April, Turkish forces killed 4 PKK militants in ongoing military operations in Nusaybin.[213]
  • On 22 April, Turkish troops killed 18 PKK militants attempting to cross the border into Syria's Qamishli region from Turkey's south eastern Nusaybin mintaqa.[214]
  • On 22 April, Turkish troops killed 6 PKK militants in Mardin va Sirnak.[215]
  • On 23 April, a Turkish Jandarmiya soldier was killed by PKK sniper fire in Mardin.[215]
  • On 23 April, Turkiya havo kuchlari F-16's and F-4E 2020 Terminator fighter jets struck several targets in northern Iroq.[216]
  • On 28 April, two soldiers and 10 PKK members were killed in counter-terrorism operations.[217]
  • On 30 April, 20 Turkish fighter jets struck scores of PKK targets in air-raids in Northern Iraq and Sirnak 's vast and mountainous border region within Turkey.[218]

May

  • On 1 May, 3 Turkish soldiers were killed and 14 others were wounded in the Nusaybin district when the PKK attacked an army bomb disposal team with rockets.[219]
  • On 2 May, 24 PKK militants were killed in ongoing military operations in the south-east. 7 were killed in Sirnak, 6 dyuym Nusaybin, 6 dyuym Cukurca and 5 in Semdinli.[220]
  • On 2 May, 18 PKK militants were killed in air-strikes by F-16 va F-4 Terminator 2020 fighter jets in the Qandil tog'lari of northern Iraq.[220]
  • On 6 May, PKK militants killed a Turkish soldier with a missile.[221]
  • On 7 May, two PKK militants were killed in the province of Tunceli by Turkish forces.[222]
  • On 8 May, 12 PKK militants were killed in northern Iraq in air-strikes launched by Turkish Air Force F-16's. Targets also included PKK bunkers, gun emplacements and ammunition depots.[223]
  • On 12 May, 4 PKK militants and 13 civilians were killed in a premature explosion while loading a truck with heavy explosives in preparation of an attack on Turkish forces.[224][225]
  • On 13 May, 6 Turkish troops and 22 PKK militants were killed in a PKK attack in Cukurca.[226][227]
  • On 13 May, 2 Turkish pilots died in a helicopter crash caused by a PKK-fired MANPAD tog'larida Hakkari. The attack helicopter was en route to engage PKK militants attacking Turkish troops in Cukurca.[228] Turkish media initially tried to present the incident as an accident.[229]
  • On 14 May, the Turkish Air Force launched a series of air-strikes killing 12 PKK militants in Turkey's southeast as well as northern Iraq.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • On 15 May, the Turkish Military announced that it had killed 35 PKK militants in military operations. 18 were killed by air-strikes into the Qandil tog'lari of northern Iraq, 8 killed in Sirnak, 4 dyuym Sarikamis, 3 dyuym Yuksekova va 2 dyuym Nusaybin.[230]
  • On 18 May, 4 Turkish soldiers were killed and 9 others were wounded when PKK militants detonated a roadside bomb in Hakkari ambushing a surpassing convoy.[231]
  • 18 may kuni, Turkiya havo kuchlari F-16lar va F-4E Terminator 2020s launched overnight air-strikes into northern Iraq killing 10 PKK militants.[231]
  • On 22 May, 30 PKK militants were killed in Turkish airstrikes into northern Iraq[232]
  • On 24 May, 6 Turkish soldiers were killed after a PPK attack on Van viloyati. (Daily Sabah)
  • 25 may kuni, YPS said it withdrew its forces in Nusaybin.[233] Also 67 PKK members surrendered in 20–25 May.[234][235] HDP states they are civilians, not PKK fighters.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • On 28 May, Turkey president Rajab Toyyib Erdo'g'an made a speech to Islomchi supporters in the town of Diyarbakir which gained global attention as he referred to "our enemy", presumed to be the PKK and its supporters, as "ateistlar va Zardushtiylar ".[236][237][238]
  • On 29 May, Turkish Air Force fighter jets struck several PKK targets in northern Iraq killing at-least 14 PKK militants.[239]
  • On 30 May, 2 Police Special Operations officers were killed by a bomb trap by PKK militants in İpekyolu.[240]
  • On 31 May, the Turkish Air Force launched air strikes into northern Iraq hitting six different positions.[241]

Iyun

  • On 5 June, 7 PKK militants were killed in Shemdinli during ongoing military operations.[242]
  • On 5 June, 20 PKK militants were killed in Hakkari border province and northern Iraq after a series of Turkish military air strikes. Turkiya havo kuchlari F-16 's reportedly struck caves, shelters, weapons caches and other militant positions.[242][243]
  • On 5 June, the Turkish General Staff announced that it has shifted the direction of operations against PKK militants from urban centers to rural areas in the country's southeastern and eastern parts.[244]
  • On 6 June, Turkish Air Force jets launched another round of airstrikes into northern Iraq for the 2nd day in a row again hitting PKK positions and elements.[245][246]
  • On 7 June, a PKK car bomb killed 11 people including 7 police officers in Istanbul as a vehicle laden with explosives detonated as a convoy of police buses were passing through a busy street during morning rush hour. Turkiya bosh vaziri Binali Yildirim named the PKK as being responsible for the terroristik hujum.[247] Biroq, Kurdiston Ozodlik Xoklari organisation took responsibility.[248][249]
  • On 8 June, another car bomb killed 5 people including 2 female police officers in the south-eastern town of Midyat. One of the police officers killed was 6 months pregnant and former Turkish president Abdulloh Gul 's body guard.[250][251]
  • 11 iyun kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari launched widespread air strikes in northern Iraq and in Turkey's Bitlar, Hakkari va Siirt regions killing 13 PKK militants. The strikes came after PKK movement was spotted by PUA.[252]
  • On 11 June, 3 PKK militants were killed in İpekyolu during ongoing military operations.[252]
  • On 11 June, 2 Turkiya armiyasi soldiers were killed while four others wounded in a PKK attack on the Tekeli military base in the Şemdinli district of southeastern province of Hakkari.[253]
  • On 14 June, a first media source said that the new Turkish government under Prime Minister Binali Yildirim had immediately after assuming office on 24 May come to an agreement with the PKK, entailing "that PKK guerrillas must retreat from the Kurdish cities in southeastern Turkey, and the Turkish government, in return, will allow the Suriya Demokratik kuchlari to control the areas in the west of Furot shimoliy daryo Suriya " and that "Ankara has also agreed to move the jailed PKK leader Abdulla O'calan, dan İmralı Island Prison in the Marmara Sea to another location and place him under house arrest, and resume negotiations with PKK as part of the agreement."[254] The SDF's Manbij tajovuzkor in northern Syria for the Shimoliy Suriya Federatsiyasi - Rojava has been going since 1 June.
  • On 15 June, a "village guard" was killed and another was wounded in a PKK attack in the eastern province of Muş.[255]
  • 15 iyun kuni, Selahattin Demirtas va Figen Yüksekdağ, co-chairs of the HDP, released a statement stating that "while armed clashes have stopped in all these [urban] districts, curfews are still in effect for full days in some districts, while at night in some others" and that "Erdoğan-AKP rule is directly responsible for all this destruction and suffering. The crimes against humanity committed by them are piling up with every passing day." They demanded that "the ongoing round-the-clock curfews, blockades and destruction in Kurdish cities and towns should be immediately stopped. All the obstacles that prevent residents from safely returning to their homes should be removed."[256]
  • On 16 June, HDP co-chairman Selahattin Demirtas deb nomlangan Kurdiston Ozodlik Xoklari to dissolve.[257]
  • On 21 June, Prime Minister and AKP rais Binali Yildirim declared the end of military operations in Turkey's southeast and said the government would now focus on reconstruction of cities damaged by clashes between the security forces and the PKK. However, he threatened to now take action against HDP councillors in municipalities in the southeast.[258]
  • On 22 June, 1 Turkiya armiyasi soldier was killed and 2 were wounded in a PKK attack in the province of Şırnak.[259]
  • On 22 June, President Rajab Toyyib Erdo'g'an said that in his handling of the conflict he considered himself successful in having "civil society groups working against Turkish state largely destroyed",[260] a conclusion that had been confirmed some days earlier by Sedat Laciner, Professor of International Relations and rector of the Chanakkale Onsekiz Mart universiteti: "Outlawing unarmed and peaceful opposition, sentencing people to unfair punishment under erroneous terror accusations, will feed genuine terrorism in Erdoğan's Turkey. Guns and violence will become the sole alternative for legally expressing free thought."[261]
  • On 24 June, 6 Turkiya armiyasi soldiers were killed in two separate PKK attacks in the Çukurca district of the southeastern province of Hakkari and the Derik district of the southeastern province of Mardin.[262]
  • On 25 June, Turkish warplanes conducted airstrikes against PKK targets in the southeastern province of Hakkari, with no casualties reported.[263]
  • 26 iyun kuni Figen Yüksekdağ, hamraisi HDP, said that "an ethnic cleansing war is being conducted against the Kurdish people. Lots of deaths and exiles have taken place; 600,000 Kurds have been forced to migrate from the lands they had been living in. But Kurds haven't abandoned their lands. Heavy weapons have been used during these sieges of provinces. For example in Nusaybin [in southern Mardin province], F-16s have been used."[264]
  • On 26 June, 2 Turkiya armiyasi soldiers were killed in a PKK attack in the Lice district of the southeastern province of Diyarbakır.[265]
  • On 27 June, 1 Turkiya armiyasi soldier was killed and another two were wounded in a PKK attack in the eastern province of Bitlis.[266]
  • On 29 June, 2 Turkiya armiyasi soldiers were killed in two separate PKK attacks in the Lice and Bismil districts of the southeastern province of Diyarbakır.[267]
  • On 29 June, 2 Turkiya armiyasi soldiers were killed and three were wounded when a hand-made explosive laid on the ground was detonated by PKK militants in the Derik district of the southeastern province of Mardin.[268]

Iyul

  • 8 iyul kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari jets launched a round of airstrikes into Qandil mountains and Shemdinli, stating that 12 PKK militants were killed.[269]
  • On 8 July, the PKK launched nine to ten simultaneous attacks in the Semdinli district and the city of Yuksekova in southeastern Turkey. The Turkish army outpost at Artuklu was leveled and 4 soldiers were killed.[270]
  • On 9 July, 2 PKK militants were killed in Ağrı.[271]
  • From 9 July to 12 July, sources in the Turkish government stated that a senior PKK figure under the name of Fehman Huseyin alias Bahoz Erdal would have been assassinated in Syria.[272] The story was initially taken up by several international media, it was however debunked when Erdal gave a radio interview on 13 July[273] and later thoroughly deconstructed as fake.[272]
  • On 10 July, one PKK militant was killed in Van viloyati.[274]
  • On 11 July, 4 Turkiya armiyasi soldiers were killed in a PKK attack in the Shemdinli tuman.[275] 4 PKK militants were killed and 2 were captured in Mardin, Qiziltepe.[276]
  • 20 iyul kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari jets launched a round of airstrikes into Northern-Iraq and killed 20 PKK militants.[277] One Village guard was killed while another 2 were wounded during a PKK attack in Şirvan district of the southeastern province of Siirt.[278]
  • On 30 July, 35 PKK militants were killed in Hakkari after military operations were launched against PKK elements in the region.[279]
  • On 31 July, 3 Turkish soldiers were killed in Ordu by a PKK attack whom were conducting military operations.[280][281]

Avgust

  • On 1 August, 5 police officers were killed in Bingöl after their convoy was ambushed by a remote detonated bomb.[282][283]
  • 11 avgust kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari fighters struck several positions in northern Iraq killing an unspecified amount of PKK militants following PKK attacks in Hakkari which killed 4 soldiers.[284]
  • On 15 August, a PKK car bomb attack on a police station near Bismil killed 6 people including 4 police officers and a child.[285]
  • On 18 August, an alleged PKK car bomb attack on a police station in Elazığ killed 7 police officers and wounded 224 people.[286]
  • On 18 August, Turkish president Rajab Toyyib Erdo'g'an announced that his country does not differentiate between the Gulen Movement, PKK yoki IShID designating them all as Terrorist organizations.[287]
  • On 21 August, a PKK militant whom was on Turkey's most wanted list was killed by a police raid in Ordu. The militant was responsible for an attack that killed 3 soldiers in Turkey's south-east.[280]
  • On 24 August, 5 Turkish soldiers were killed in PKK rocket attacks on a military outpost in Bitlar.[288]
  • On 25 August, an unsuccessful assassination attempt was carried out by the PKK against the Republican party leader Kamol Kilichdaroğlu as his convoy passed through Artvin viloyati sparking a shoot-out between his private security detail accompanied by local police against PKK militants.[289]
  • On 25 August, during "Furot qalqoni" operatsiyasi while Turkish forces and pro-Turkish local militia factions liberated various towns and villages from IShID control along the Turkish border, Kurdish YPG forces, whom Turkey states is a Syrian extension of the PKK, opened fire on Turkish troops and killed a Turkish soldier. Turkish fighter jets and artillery immediately after the incident reportedly struck YPG positions killing 25 YPG militants.[290]
  • On 26 August, a PKK truck bomb attack on a security checkpoint near a police station killed 11 police officers in Cizre and damaged the police station.[291]
  • On 28 August, a roadside bomb planted by PKK militants in Siirt injured 5 Turkish soldiers.[292]
  • On 28 August, a botched PKK attack resulted in heavy clashes with Turkish troops in Hakkari killing 9 PKK militants and injuring 2 Turkish soldiers.[292]
  • On 29 August, four Turkish Air Force F-16lar carried out airstrikes on various PKK targets in northern Iraq.[293]

Sentyabr

  • On 1 September, 2 soldiers in Siirt and a village guard in Van were killed in PKK attacks while Turkish airstrikes killed 3 PKK militants in Cukurca.[294]
  • On 2 September, Turkish riot police used tear gas and water cannon to disperse a group of protesters along the Syrian border, who demonstrated against Turkey building a wall on the Syrian border near the Kurdish-controlled Syrian town of Kobani. The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights states that one child had been killed and more than 30 people injured.[295]
  • On 2 September, Turkish soldiers killed 27 PKK militants and captured a further 30 militants during ongoing military operations in Chukurca.[296]
  • On 2 September, Prime Minister Binali Yildirim announced that peace talks with the PKK would not restart and that military operations would continue
  • On 4 September, 22 vehicles belonging to the PKK were captured in Bitlar during a military operation after a tip-off was made involving vehicles that would have been used as car-bombs.[297]
  • On 4 September, multiple PKK attacks and relentless military operations in conjunction in Chukurca over the past weekend killed or wounded over a 104 PKK militants and 18 soldiers.[298]
  • On 5 September, 30 PKK militants were killed in an airstrike in northern Iraq bringing the total number of PKK militants killed, wounded or captured over the past weekend to 157.[299]
  • On 9 September, the Turkish Air Force hit 3 different PKK positions in airstrikes launched into northern Iraq.[300]
  • On 9 September, 14 PKK militants were killed in Semdinli during military operations in the region.[300]
  • On 10 September, 33 PKK militants were killed in airstrikes in northern Iraq after the Turkiya havo kuchlari launched another round of bombings into the region striking 9 locations.[301][302]
  • On 10 September, the Turkish government granted the jailed leader of the PKK, Abdulla O'calan a family visit to his Island prison in Imrali where he has been incarcerated ever since his capture in 1999 in Keniya by an operation staged by the Turkish OKK coordinated with the Kenyan government.[303]
  • On 10 September, Turkey announced in was swapping 28 administrations of local government municipalities in the countries south-east on having suspected links to the PKK.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • On 12 September, a PKK car bomb in-front of the government municipality headquarters building in Van injured over 50 people.[304]
  • On 13 September, Dutch police announced that they would register the names of Turks and Kurds in the Gollandiya who sympathize with the PKK into the national police database.[305]
  • On 14 September, Turkish air strikes in Hakkari killed 16 PKK militants.[306]
  • On 14 September, new evidence solidifying suspicions against 28 PKK linked mayors in various provinces in Turkey's southeast arose. According to the evidence, certain local counties and municipalities were providing local-government transportation and construction vehicles to PKK elements in order to transport ammunition, militants and other supplies while constructing barricades and barriers to be used against military and police targets.[307]
  • On 15 September, 7 local village guards, 2 soldiers and a civilian was killed after a security checkpoint was attacked by PKK rockets and sniper-fire in Ağrı. One of the village guards was retired having rushed to the seen after hearing about the then-ongoing attack.[308]
  • On 15 September, a civilian was killed in Nusaybin after a hidden explosive trap set by the PKK had detonated.[308]
  • 16 sentyabr kuni Mehmet Ferden Charikchi, Turkey's permanent representative to the U.N.'s Geneva office, harshly criticized the U.N.'s report on Thursday which does not refer to the PKK as a terrorist organization, although the group is recognized as a terrorist organization by many countries including the U.S., the EU, and Turkey.[309]
  • On 16 September 11 PKK militants were killed in ongoing military operations in Hakkari viloyati while a village guard in Van was killed after attempting to prevent militants from cutting off a road.[310]
  • On 16 September, Turkeys third largest political parties, the Kurdish HDP 's Deputy co-chair along with 12 other members were arrested for reportedly of recruiting Kurdish youth to join the ranks of the PKK and having direct reported links with the militant organization.[311]
  • On 18 September, the Turkish military killed 3 PKK militants during ongoing counter-insurgency operations in Sirnak.[312]
  • 19 sentyabr kuni Turkiya havo kuchlari struck several targets in northern Iraq's Kerkuk gubernatorligi destroying weapons positions and killing at-least 2 militants.[312]
  • On 22 September, a Turkish shepherd was approached and killed by PKK militants in Sirnak.[313]
  • On 26 September, 2 Turkish soldiers and 2 village guards were killed by an IED bomb yilda Mardin[314]
  • On 26 September 6 Turkish soldiers were killed and 2 others were wounded in Uludere by a large-scale PKK rocket attack against troops patrolling a highway.[314]
  • On 26 September, 12 PKK militants were killed Yüksekova after the Turkish military intensified combat operations in-spite of recent PKK attacks.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • On 29 September, a Turkish military drone strike killed 4 PKK militants in Hakkari esa Turkiya havo kuchlari jets struck several PKK shelters and weapons storages in northern Iraq during a day of widespread military aerial operations in the region.[315]
  • On 29 September, PKK militants in the border province of Hakkari opened fire upon volunteer defense militia and killed 3 village guards.[316]
  • On 30 September, 6 PKK militants were killed in Ordu during military operations.[317]

Oktyabr

  • On 3 October, Turkish Army troops killed a total of 20 PKK militants during heavy clashes amidst ongoing counter-insurgency operations in Sirnak.[318]
  • On 3 October, an IED attack on a Turkish army convoy killed 2 Turkish soldiers in Hakkari.[318]
  • On 5 October, 3 PKK militants were killed in heavy clashes with Turkish forces in Cukurca.[319]
  • On 6 October, 8 PKK militants were killed in a combination of air and land operations by Turkish forces ongoing in the Hakkari va Agri mintaqalar.[319]
  • On 7 October, the bodies of 5 previously killed PKK militants were recovered from a cave in Cukurca along with weapon magazines, explosives and AK-type rifles used by the militants.[319]
  • On 8 October, Turkish forces recovered the body of an individual who had been abducted by PKK militants in a ditch on the side of a road in Sur.[320]
  • On 8 October, PKK militants executed a female militant attempting to flee the group.[321]
  • On 9 October, a PKK truck bomb attack on a Turkiya jandarmeriyasi forpost Hakkari killed 18 people including 10 Turkish soldiers and eight civilians.[322]
  • On 9 October, the Turkish Army killed 8 PKK militants during a raid on a PKK weapons and munitions depot in Cukurca.[323]
  • On 10 October, Turkish police foiled a suicide bombing plot in the nation's capital, Anqara; the standoff ended with the militants detonating explosives during a police raid which only resulted in the death of the PKK militants[324]
  • On 11 October, a Turkish army T-129 attack helicopter neutralized a vehicle rigged with explosives used by PKK as a car-bomb before it could ram into and detonate at nearby troops in Bitlar[319]
  • On 11 October, during ongoing military operations across Turkey's south-east 20 tons of Ammiakli selitra intended for explosives use was captured in Sur, hundreds of AK magazines were captured in Botmon along with explosives, and over a thousand of varying rifle magazines and rocket munitions were captured in Cukurca.[319]
  • On 12 October, 9 PKK militants were killed in Cukurca by a Turkish military drone strike.[319][325]
  • On 13 October, 5 PKK militants were killed in northern Iraq by Turkish Army artillery strikes.[319]
  • On 13 October, Turkish Air Force F-16's struck PKK shelters in northern Iraq.[326]
  • On 15 October, multiple shelters and caves used by the PKK were destroyed during by Turkish military operations in Sirnak, Cukurca va Bitlis.[319]
  • On 17 October, 10 PKK militants were killed in Tunceli by a Turkish military airstrike during ongoing counter insurgency operations in the region.[327]
  • On 18 October, 4 PKK militants were killed by Turkish army operations in Cukurca.[319]
  • On 19 October, Turkish fighter jets struck PKK shelters in Hakkari on the mountainous Turkish-Iraq border.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • On 20 October, between 9:11 p.m. and 11:59 p.m. The Turkiya havo kuchlari conducted a massive aerial operation against PKK-linked Kurdish YPG maqsadlar Suriya "s Halab viloyat.[328] The SOHR reported 14 militants have died due to the airstrikes.[329] Turkey has previously militarily threatened the YPG and said it that Turkey wouldn't permit a terror corridor to be established at its southern border.[330]
  • On 20 October, 26 PKK militants and 2 Turkish soldiers were killed in Hakkari during Turkish army counter-insurgency operations.[319][331]
  • On 21 October, 12 PKK militants in Hakkari were killed by Turkish troops during ongoing military operations to root out the separatist militant organization.[332]
  • On 21 October, 6 PKK militants in northern Iraq were killed by Turkish air-strikes.[332]
  • On 21 October, about 100 rockets were fired by the Turkish army into regions of Suriya tomonidan o'tkazilgan YPG striking several targets.[333]
  • On 23 October, 7 PKK militants were killed by the Turkish armed forces in Tunceli during counter-insurgency operations.
  • On 24 October, Turkiya tashqi ishlar vaziri Mevlud Chavushog'lu in a meeting with his French counterpart Jan-Mark Ayro assured the public with a statement that kurka would begin to more actively fight the PKK yilda Iroq in addition the insurgency in the nations south-east.[334]
  • On 24 October, Turkish army AH-1 Super Cobra attack helicopters and F-16 fighter jets struck and destroyed several targets killing 2 PKK militants,[335]
  • On 24 October, 7 PKK militants were killed in Turkish army operations in Cukurca.[336]
  • On 25 October, the co mayors of Diyarbakır, Gultan Kishanak and Firhat Anlı, were arrested

Noyabr

  • On 1 November, Turkish military air-strikes destroyed several PKK targets in Cukurca va shimoliy Iroq.[319]
  • On 2 November, 6 PKK militants surrendered to Turkish forces in Silopi.[319]
  • On 3 November, Turkish military operations killed 5 PKK militants, two in Bitlis, two in northern Iraq and one in Bitlar.[319]
  • On 4 November, at least nine people were killed and more than 100 injured in a car bomb attack outside the police headquarters in central Diyarbakir. Hokimi Diyarbakir viloyati, Cahit Kıraç, said the Kurdiston ishchilar partiyasi had claimed responsibility. The bombing took place just hours after the arrests of pro-Kurdish HDP rahbarlar, Selahattin Demirtash va Figen Yüksekdağ whom are said by the Turkish government to have ties to the outlawed PKK tashkilot.[337]
  • On 4 November, 14 PKK militants were killed in widespread Turkish military operations, seven in Sirnak, uchta Hakkari, three in northern Iraq, and one in Bitlar while a separate militant surrendered in Nusaybin.[319]
  • On 5 November, 17 PKK militants in ongoing Turkish military operations were killed, 14 in Sirnak va 3 dyuym Hakkari.[319]
  • On 20 November, 12 PKK militants were killed in by a Turkish military drone strike in Daglica.[338]
  • On 29 November, Security forces killed at least 10 PKK insurgents in Shirnak.[339]

Dekabr

  • On 2 December, a military operation left 3 soldiers dead and another 3 were wounded in Hakkari viloyati, kurka. 20 PKK militants were killed or captured as well during the operation.[340]
  • On 10 December, a twin PKK-linked suicide bombing attack in Istanbul against riot police maintaining security for a "Beshiktosh" soccer game killed 36 police officers and 8 civilians. Following the attack hundreds of suspects were arrested including dozens of pro-Kurdish HDP party members.[341]
  • A Turkish fighter jet crashed near an airport in the Kurdish city of Diyarbakır on Dec. 12, the military said, but the pilot was able to safely eject from the plane. According to a government spokesman the plane had fallen due to a possible technical malfunction.[342] Also PKK militants took responsibility for the downed Turkish jet.[343]
  • On 17 December a PKK-linked group carried out another attack in Kayseri using a car bomb to ram a public bus full of off-duty paratrooper commandos killed 14 troops.

2017 timeline[344]

Yanvar

  • On 5 January, a shootout in Izmir kills two gunmen. During the shootout a car bomb explodes, killing a police officer and court employee. Veysi Kaynak states that the discovery of more weapons on the scene suggests that a larger attack was foiled. Provincial governor Erol Ayyıldız blames the attack on the PKK.[345]
  • On 13 and 14 January, at least 57 PKK fighters were killed and scores of others injured in Turkish airstrikes in northern Iraq, the Turkish General Staff said in a statement. Although, it could not be independently verified.[346]

Crisis group puts overall casualties at 30 people killed, including 16 PKK militants, 11 security personnel and 3 civilians for the month of January.[344]

fevral

Overall, 31 people died, including 27 PKK militants and 4 civilians.[344]

Mart

  • On 9 March, 19 PKK fighters and one Turkish soldier were killed in military operations in southeastern Diyarbakir and eastern Bingol provinces that was launched by Turkey on 5 March.[347]

Overall, 92 people died, including 82 PKK militants 8 security forces personnel and 2 civilians.

Aprel

  • On 24 April, 90 YPG, Jezidi-YBŞ va Peshmerga fighters were killed in an havo hujumi conducted by the Turkish Air Force against targets in Syria, and Iraq. Turkish authorities state YPG militants are directly affiliated with the PKK.[348]
  • On 29 April, 45 PKK militants were killed in airstrikes by the Turkish Air Force against militant targets in Iraq.[349]

Overall, 108 people died, including 84 PKK militants 23 security forces personnel and one civilian.

May

Overall, 64 people died, including 41 PKK militants 21 security forces personnel and two civilians.

Iyun

Overall, 90 people died, including 61 PKK militants 28 security forces personnel and one civilian.

Iyul

Overall, 96 people died, including 74 PKK militants 12 security forces personnel and 10 civilians.

Avgust

Overall, 67 people died, including 44 PKK militants 14 security forces personnel and 9 civilians.

Sentyabr

Overall, 102 people died, including 79 PKK militants 12 security forces personnel and 11 civilians.

Oktyabr

Overall, 48 people died, including 25 PKK militants 17 security forces personnel and 6 civilians.

Noyabr

Overall, 77 people died, including 61 PKK militants 14 security forces personnel and 2 civilians.

Dekabr

Overall, 26 people died, including 22 PKK militants 4 security forces personnel.

2018 timeline[344]

Yanvar

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Turkish military intervention in Afrin va Suriyaning shimolini turklar tomonidan bosib olish
Protest in London against Turkiyaning Afrindagi harbiy amaliyoti, 31 March 2018

On 20 January 2018, the Turkish military began an attack in the Afrin region of Syria, code-named by Turkey as "Zaytun novdasi" operatsiyasi (Turkcha: Zeytin Dalı Harekâtı). The offensive is against the Kurdish-led Demokratik ittifoq partiyasi (PYD) in Syria,[350] its armed wing Xalqni himoya qilish bo'linmalari (YPG), and Suriya Demokratik kuchlari (SDF) positions surrounding the Syrian city of Afrin.[351] Turkey also says it is fighting IShID,[352] though ISIL does not exist in Afrin.[353][354][355][356] Afrin and the surrounding area is claimed by the Shimoliy Suriya Demokratik Federatsiyasi sifatida Afrin viloyati. It is the first major military operation by Turkey in Syria since "Furot qalqoni" operatsiyasi.

fevral

Overall, 17 people were killed, including 10 PKK militants and 7 security personnel.[344]

Mart

Overall, 81 people were killed, including 61 PKK militants, 18 security personnel and two civilians.

Aprel

Overall, 63 people were killed, including 46 PKK militants, 16 security personnel and one civilian.

May

Overall, 40 people were killed, including 27 PKK militants, 11 security personnel and two civilians.

Iyun

Overall, 95 people were killed, including 71 PKK militants, 23 security personnel and one civilian.

Iyul

Overall, 93 people were killed, including 82 PKK militants, 7 security personnel and four civilians.

Avgust

Overall, 72 people were killed, including 58 PKK militants, 12 security personnel and two civilians.[344]

Sentyabr

Overall, 56 people were killed, including 50 PKK militants, 4 security personnel and two civilians.

SDF -controlled territory (green) and Turkish-occupied territory (red) in December 2018

Oktyabr

Overall, 30 people were killed, including 15 PKK militants, 13 security personnel and two civilians.

Noyabr

On November 1, US officials confirmed that US and Turkish military forces had conducted two joint patrols on the outskirts of Manbij, Syria, which is held by the Manbij Military Council (MMC). MMC says that YPG-aligned militants have left the city.[358]

Overall, 45 people were killed, including 34 PKK militants, 10 security personnel and one civilians.

Dekabr

Turkey has amassed troops and tanks on the outskirts of Manbij, announcing an intention to drive out the PKK from that city. On December 24, US President Donald Trump announced that he would order the withdrawal of the approximately 2,000 US service members on the ground in Syria in support of the YPG campaign against ISIS. On December 28, YPG tweeted an invitation to Syrian Arab Army (SAA) to enter SDF-held territory around Manbij, for the purpose of countering an anticipated invasion by Turkish-backed forces, in the absence of US support.[359] The SAA has moved into the SDF front lines facing Turkish-held areas to the east of Manbij. US, French and British forces are still present in the front lines to the north of the city.[360]

2019 timeline

Yanvar

On 4 January 2019, one Turkish soldier was killed, and one PKK militant was 'neutralized' (wounded/killed/captured), and two others were injured in an attack which took place near Emince village of Aralik district, located in Igdir province bordering Iran, according to Hurriyet Daily News and Anadolu Agency.[361]

On 23 January 2019, the PKK reportedly kidnapped four people, who crossed the Sarzeri border crossing in Duhok province. Because of this, Turkey decided to close the border gate.[362] 13 days later, the border gate was reopened.[363]

On 24 January 2019, the Turkiya qurolli kuchlari conducted airstrikes against the PKK in the region of Sheladiz village, Dohuk province. According to Kurdistan24, four civilians were killed in the strikes, whereas Mevlut Cavusoglu, the Turkish Foreign Minister said that the strikes were 'successful', and PKK got disturbed.[364][365] Locals protested against both the Turkish military and the PKK, demanding to move their fight elsewhere, and attacked a Turkish military base, which resulted in the death of two (according to Yangi avlod harakati, bitta namoyishchi (lar) va yana bir necha kishining shikastlanishida, shuningdek bazadagi ba'zi jihozlar va transport vositalarining qisman shikastlanishida. Chavusho'g'li, "Bular ularni [PKK] bezovta qilmoqda. Ular mahalliy xalqni qo'zg'ata boshladilar. Buning ortida PKK borligini bilamiz" dedi. U Nechirvan Barzani bilan telefon orqali suhbatlashganini aytdi Nechirvan Barzani kech shanba.

KRG (Kurdiston mintaqaviy hukumati) norozilik namoyishlaridan xavotir bildirdi. Ular voqealar ortida "buzuvchi qo'l" borligini ta'kidladilar.[366]

Iroq Tashqi ishlar vazirligi turk kuchlarining namoyishchilarga qarshi "o't ochishi" ni qoraladi va Turkiyaning Bag'doddagi elchisini chaqirdi. Shu bilan birga, tashqi ishlar vazirligi "o'z hududidan har qanday qo'shni davlat xavfsizligi va xavfsizligiga tahdid qilish uchun foydalanishni" qoraladi.[367]

Turkiya mudofaa vaziri Xulusi Akar: "Ular [PKK terrorchilari] turk askarlariga qarshi kurashish mumkin emasligini anglaganliklari sababli, ular begunoh mahalliy aholini qo'zg'ashga urinmoqdalar" dedi. Shuningdek, u "Bizning samarali operatsiyalarimiz to'xtovsiz davom etadi. Ushbu provokatsiyalar barbod bo'ladi va biz hududni terrorchilardan tozalaymiz.[368]

An NRT yangiliklari guruhi yaralangan namoyishchilarning ahvoli to'g'risida xabar berish uchun Dohuk shoshilinch kasalxonasi oldida film suratga olayotgan paytda KRG ma'muriyati tomonidan hibsga olingan va NRTning yana bir necha xodimi hibsga olingan. Ularning barchasi keyinchalik ozod qilindi.[369]

Mart

2019 yil 16 martda hujumdan keyin ikki turk askari halok bo'ldi va sakkiz nafari yaralandi. Turkiya hodisa paytida oltita PKK jangarisi zararsizlantirilganligini bildirdi.[370] 2019 yil 20 martda bir nafar turkiyalik askar qidiruv ishlarini olib borayotganda, Shirnoq viloyatining janubi-sharqiy qismida IED tomonidan o'ldirildi. Portlash tufayli yana bir askar yaralangan.[371]

Aprel

2019 yil 19 aprelda Iroq Kurdistoni chegarasi yaqinida to'rt nafar turk askari halok bo'ldi, olti nafari yaralandi. Turkiya Mudofaa vazirligi kurdlar orasida talofatlar bor-yo'qligini "aniqlash uchun" ish olib borayotganini aytdi.[372]

Xuddi shu kuni va 2019 yil 20 aprelda Turkiya politsiyasi Kocaeli va Turkiyaning Mardin viloyatidagi siyosiy mahbuslar bilan birdamlik namoyishida bo'lgan kurd onalariga qarshi zo'ravonlik ishlatdi. Qonun chiqaruvchilar Turkiya Buyuk Milliy Majlisi, Sezgin Tanrikulu va Gursel Tekin Kocaeli shahridagi tadbirga nisbatan o'zlarining xavotirlarini bildirdilar.[373]

2019 yil 26 aprelda Diyarbakirning Lice mintaqasida PKKning beshta jangari zararsizlantirildi.[374]

2019 yil 29 aprelda Turkiya samolyotlari Duhok viloyatidagi Kurdiston mintaqasining Chamanke tumanini bombardimon qildi. Odamlar qurbonlari haqida ma'lumot yo'q.[375]

2019 yil 30 aprelda Siirtda PKKning beshta jangari zararsizlantirildi.[376]

May

2019 yil 1-mayda besh nafar PKK jangari zararsizlantirildi Amanos tog'lari Hatay viloyatida.[377]

2019 yil 4 may kuni Erbil viloyatining Shervan Mazin mintaqasida PKK minomyot hujumidan keyin uch nafar turk askari halok bo'ldi. Hujumdan keyin mintaqada otishma ovozlari eshitildi va turk qurollari PKKning gumon qilingan elementlarini nishonga ola boshladi. Eng og'ir to'qnashuvlar Chama qishlog'i atrofida sodir bo'lgan. Turkiya mudofaa vaziri Xulusi Akar ta'qib qilishda 23 PKK jangarisi o'ldirilganligini aytdi.[378]

2019 yil 20-may kuni Turkiya kuchlari Erbil gubernatorligining Sidekan hududida bir necha kunlik to'qnashuvlarda qulflangani haqida xabar berildi. Hozircha tomonlarning hech biri qurbonlar haqidagi ma'lumotni oshkor qilmayapti.[379]

2019 yil 27 mayda, Turkiya qurolli kuchlari Iroq shimolida PKK jangarilari foydalangan g'orlar va boshpanalarni yo'q qilish uchun terrorizmga qarshi operatsiyani boshladi.[380]

Umuman olganda, may oyida 69 kishi vafot etdi; 49 PKK jangarisi, 17 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 3 tinch aholi.[344]

Iyun

Umuman olganda 91 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 70 PKK jangarisi, 15 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 6 tinch aholi.[344]

Iyul

Umuman olganda 97 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 80 PKK jangarisi, 13 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 4 tinch aholi.[344]

Avgust

Umuman olganda, 53 kishi, shu jumladan 38 PKK jangarisi, 13 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 2 tinch aholi halok bo'ldi.[344]

19 avgustda Mardin, Diyorbakir va Van shaharlari merlari, Ahmet Turk, Adnan Selchuk Mizrakli va Bedia Özgökçe Ertan, Turkiya hukumati tomonidan lavozimidan bo'shatilgan HDPdan. Xuddi shu kuni, shuningdek, hibsga olingan yuzlab HDP siyosatchilari va a'zolari.[381]

Sentyabr

Umuman olganda, 70 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 51 PKK jangarisi, 9 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 10 tinch aholi.[344]

Oktyabr

9 oktyabr kuni "Tinchlik bahori" operatsiyasi Umuman olganda 33 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 28 PKK jangarisi va 5 xavfsizlik kuchlari.[344]

Noyabr

Noyabr oyida 21 PKK jangari yo'q qilindi.[344]

Dekabr

Umuman olganda, 8 kishi, jumladan 3 nafar PKK jangarisi, 4 nafar xavfsizlik kuchlari va 1 nafar fuqaro halok bo'ldi.[344]

2020 yilgi jadval

Yanvar

Umuman olganda, 7 kishi, shu jumladan 2 PKK jangarisi va 5 xavfsizlik kuchlari vafot etdi.[344]

fevral

Umuman olganda, 5 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 4 PKK jangarisi va 1 oddiy fuqaro.[344]

Mart

Umuman olganda, 9 kishi, jumladan 5 nafar PKK jangarisi, 2 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 2 nafar tinch aholi halok bo'ldi.[344]

Aprel

Umuman olganda, 19 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 11 PKK jangarisi, 2 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 6 tinch aholi.[344]

May

Umuman olganda, 39 kishi, shu jumladan 29 PKK jangarisi, 5 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 5 tinch aholi halok bo'ldi.[344]

Iyun

Umuman olganda, 54 kishi halok bo'ldi, shu jumladan 46 PKK jangarisi, 4 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 4 tinch aholi.[344]

Iyul

Umuman olganda, 41 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 33 PKK jangarisi, 6 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 2 tinch aholi.[344]

Avgust

Umuman olganda, 53 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 44 PKK jangarisi, 7 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 2 tinch aholi.[344]

Sentyabr

Umuman olganda 39 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 31 PKK jangarisi, 7 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 1 oddiy fuqaro.[344]

Oktyabr

26 oktyabrda PKKning ikki jangarisi politsiya bilan pistirmada yilda Iskenderun va ulardan biri uning ustiga bomba portlatgan, 1 politsiya xodimi va 2 tinch fuqaro jarohat olgan.[382][383]

Umuman olganda 12 kishi, shu jumladan 7 PKK jangarisi, 2 xavfsizlik kuchlari va 3 tinch fuqaro halok bo'ldi.[344]

Noyabr

Umuman olganda, 9 kishi vafot etdi, shu jumladan 3 PKK jangarisi, 1 xavfsizlik kuchi va 5 tinch aholi.[344]

Dekabr

Tomonlar

Turkiya harbiy va filiallari

Iborat Turk kuchlari Turk Quruqlik kuchlari qo'shinlar, Jandarmiya tezkor xodimlar va Politsiyaning maxsus operatsiyasi jamoalar qolganlari tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi Turkiya qurolli kuchlari. Ularni Turkiyaning feodal qismini ifodalovchi "qishloq qo'riqchilari" tizimi qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.[384] Qayta tiklanish haqida takrorlangan xabarlar mavjud Jitem 1990 yillarda ommaviy qirg'inlar uchun mas'ul bo'lgan "tartibsiz xorijiy jihodchilar" ishga yollangan "harbiy politsiya razvedkasi va antiterror xizmati".[385]

Turkiya prezidenti hukumati Rajab Toyyib Erdo'g'an va Adolat va taraqqiyot partiyasi (AKP) o'zlariga qarshi bo'lgan partiyani tobora ko'proq "islomiy tartib" ning dushmani sifatida ko'rsatib, PKK va uning tashkilotlari va tarafdorlarini "ateistlar va Zardushtiylar ".[236][237][238]

PKK va uning filiallari

2008 yilda Intelligence Resurs dasturi tomonidan taqdim etilgan ma'lumotlarga ko'ra Amerika olimlari federatsiyasi tashkilotning inson resurslari bo'yicha kuchi taxminan 4000 dan 5000 gacha jangaridan iborat bo'lib, ularning 3000 dan 3500 gacha qismi Iroqning shimoliy qismida joylashgan.[386] 2015 yildan boshlab yangi janglar to'lqini bilan kuzatuvchilarning ta'kidlashicha, PKKni faol qo'llab-quvvatlash Turkiya Respublikasining janubi-sharqidagi aksariyat etnik kurd shaharlarida "ommaviy hodisaga" aylangan, ko'p sonli mahalliy yoshlar PKK bilan bog'liq mahalliylarga qo'shilishgan. jangari guruhlar.[387]

Turkiya hisob-kitoblariga ko'ra, PKK Qandil tog 'tizmasiga jamlangan shimoliy-g'arbiy Suriya, Turkiyaning janubi-sharqiy, Iroqning shimoliy va Eronning shimoliy-g'arbiy qismlarini qamrab olgan 32800 dan ortiq faol jangarilarga ega bo'lib, ilgari aytilgan kattalikdan kattaroqdir.[388]

PKK bazalari faol bo'lib qolmoqda Shimoliy Iroq va uning rahbariyati gumon qilingan Qandil tog'lari Iroq va Eronda.[389][390] Oldingi an'anaviy Turk-PKK to'qnashuvlaridan PKK qo'zg'oloni mamlakat janubi-sharqida aholi zich joylashgan shahar urushiga o'tdi.[391]

Ta'sir

Fuqarolik ta'siri

Cizre, 2016 yil mart
Londonda norozilik namoyishi, 2018 yil 31 mart

Ga binoan Turkiya inson huquqlari jamg'armasi 1,3 million kishi istiqomat qiladigan kurdlar yashovchi ettita shaharda 52 ta vaqti-vaqti bilan komendantlik soati bo'lib, ba'zida 14 kun davom etadi. Tashkilot 2015 yil yozidan beri tinch aholi orasida qurbonlar sonini 124 deb e'lon qilmoqda.[392] Janubi-sharqdagi vaziyat Turkiya ommaviy axborot vositalarida kam yoritilgan. Hokimiyat mintaqani to'sib qo'ydi va uyali telefonni ham, Internetni ham yopib qo'ydi. Jangarilarning artilleriya va o'q otishidan yuzlab uylar, o'nlab maktablar va rasmiy binolar zarar ko'rdi,[393] va tinch aholiga qarata o'q uzilgani aytilmoqda. Turk kuchlari turar-joy binolarining shikastlanishiga olib keladigan bomba ostidagi barrikadalarni tozalash uchun tank otish kabi choralarni qo'lladilar.[394] Hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra, 200 mingdan ortiq odam ko'chirilgan. Ga ko'ra HRW, tinchlik qurbonlari soni 100 atrofida. Diyarbakir Inson huquqlari assotsiatsiyasi Turkiya qurolli kuchlari va Jandarmiya terrorizmga qarshi kurash bahonasida tinch aholini nishonga olgan.[395] Kurd jangarilari va Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlari o'rtasidagi to'qnashuvlar avj olgani sababli janubi-sharqiy shaharlarning ko'plab aholisi oziq-ovqat va elektr ta'minotisiz qolib ketishdi. 2015 yil dekabr oyida shaharcha Cizre, ikki haftadan ko'proq vaqt davomida komendantlik soati ostida bo'lib, tinch aholi orasida ko'p sonli qurbonlar bo'lgan. Tumanidan kelgan o'qituvchining so'zlariga ko'ra Silopi, ba'zi uy-joy binolari tank snaryadlaridan zarar ko'rgan.[396]

Ichki reaktsiyalar

Akademiklar petitsiyasi

2016 yil 11-yanvar kuni Turkiyaning 90 universiteti va xorijdan 1000 dan ortiq olimlar va akademiklar imzo chekdilar iltimosnoma "Biz ushbu jinoyatning ishtirokchisi bo'lmaymiz" deb nomlangan[397] hukumatning kurd faollari va siyosatchilariga qarshi tazyiqlarini to'xtatishga va tinchlik jarayonini tiklashga chaqirmoqda. Shuningdek, ular shahar markazlarida tanklardan foydalanishni tanqid qilib, buni kurd xalqining qasddan qilingan qirg'ini deb atashdi.[398] 12 yanvar kuni, Rajab Toyyib Erdo'g'an tarkibiga kirgan dissident akademiklarni keskin tanqid qildi Devid Xarvi, Immanuel Uallerstayn, Slavoj Žižek va Noam Xomskiy va ular aytdilar beshinchi ustun chet el kuchlari.[399] Shuningdek, u Turkiya sud hokimiyatini "xiyonat" ga qarshi harakat qilishga chaqirdi. Keyinchalik 1222 turk imzolaganlarning barchasi tergovga berildi.[397] Erdo'g'an Xomskiyni Turkiyadagi elchilar konferentsiyasida televizion nutq bilan ushbu hududga tashrif buyurishga taklif qildi Anqara. Ammo Xomskiy bu taklifni rad etdi va shunday dedi: "Agar men Turkiyaga borishga qaror qilsam, bu uning taklifiga binoan emas, balki avvalgi kabi ko'plab jasur dissidentlar, shu jumladan Kurdlar ko'p yillar davomida qattiq hujumga duchor bo'lganlar "dedi. Shuningdek, Erdo'g'an yordam berganini aytdi IShID va al-Nusra Old.[400] 14 yanvar kuni Düzce universiteti Turkiyaning shimoli-g'arbida bir sherikni ishdan bo'shatdi sotsiologiya Deklaratsiyani imzolaganidan keyin professor va 15 yanvar kuni Erdo'g'an imzo chekuvchilarga yana hujum qilib, ular kurd jangarilarini qo'llab-quvvatlayotganliklarini va "doktorlik unvoniga ega bo'lish sizni intellektualga aylantirishi shart emas. Ular zulmatda bo'lgan odamlar. Ular shafqatsiz va nafratli ".[401] O'sha kuni Turkiya hukumati imzolagan 14 kishini hibsga oldi, shu jumladan 12 akademik Kocaeli universiteti, "terrorizmni targ'ib qilish" va davlatni haqorat qilishni tarqatishgan.[402] AQSh elchisi Jon Bass hibsga olishdan xavotir bildirgan bayonot tarqatdi. U shuningdek, "Zo'ravonlikdan xavotir bildirish terrorizmni bir xil qo'llab-quvvatlamaydi. Hukumatni tanqid qilish xiyonatga teng kelmaydi" dedi.[403] 16 yanvarda asosiy muxolifat lideri Kamol Killicdaroglu dissident akademiklarning hibsga olinishi sababli Erdo'g'anni keskin tanqid qildi va uni a diktator. Ikki kundan keyin Turkiya prezidentining advokatlari a sud jarayoni unga qarshi va Anqara prokuraturasi prokurori, shuningdek, "prezidentni ochiqdan-ochiq haqorat qilish" da ayblanib, to'rt yilgacha ozodlikdan mahrum qilish bilan jazolanishi mumkin bo'lgan ayblov bo'yicha uning izohlari bo'yicha tergov boshladi.[404][405]

YuNESKO elchisini iste'foga chiqarish

2016 yil 25 mayda turkiyalik yozuvchi va shoir Zülfü Livaneli Turkiyaning yagona vakili sifatida iste'foga chiqdi YuNESKO xayrixoh elchi. Twitter-dagi postida u "YuNESKOning inson huquqlari buzilishi va asosiy erkinliklarning yo'qligi to'g'risida sukut saqlashi" ni aytdi. va u ham qatnashishdan bosh tortdi Butunjahon gumanitar sammiti Istanbulda. U tarixiy Sur tumanining yo'q qilinishini ta'kidladi Diyarbakir uning iste'foga chiqishining asosiy sababi sifatida.[406]

[Kurd viloyati] Surning tarixiy merosi yo'q qilinayotganda, men odamlarni Istanbulning tarixiy merosini himoya qilishga da'vat qila olmayman

Nyu-Yorkdagi norozilik namoyishlari

2016 yil 31 martda, tomonidan ommaviy nutq paytida Erdo'g'an da Brukings instituti, uning tarafdorlari va muxoliflari maydon tashqarisida to'qnash kelishdi. Uning qo'riqchilari Bruking xodimlariga tajovuz qilishdi va taniqli turk jurnalistiga buyruq berishdi, Amberin Zamon, uni "P.K.K. fohisha" deb chaqirib, ketish uchun. Xavfsizlik xodimlari soqchilarni boshqa jurnalistlarni auditoriya ichkarisidan chiqarib yuborishlarini to'xtatishlari kerak edi. Ba'zi turkiyalik soqchilarni politsiya xodimlari cheklashdi.[407] Milliy press-klub bayonot chiqarib, tadbirlardan xavotir bildirdi.[408]

Turkiya rahbari va uning xavfsizlik jamoasi AQShda mehmon. Ular, ehtimol, qo'pol muomala qilayotgan odamlar shunchaki o'z ishlarini bajarayotganliklari yoki bu mamlakatda bo'lgan huquqlaridan foydalanayotganliklari ko'rinib turganda, ular jurnalistlar yoki namoyishchilarga yoki boshqalarga qo'llarini qo'yishga haqlari yo'q.

AQSh Davlat departamentining 2016 yilgi Inson huquqlari to'g'risidagi hisoboti

Xabarda aytilishicha, 2016 yil fevral oyida Turkiya xavfsizlik kuchlari shaharchadagi uchta bino podvalida boshpana topgan kamida 130 kishini, shu jumladan qurolsiz fuqarolarni o'ldirgan. Cizre. Mahalliy NNT, Inson huquqlari assotsiatsiyasi (HRA), xavfsizlik kuchlari 2016 yilning dastlabki sakkiz oyida 300 dan ortiq tinch aholini o'ldirganini aytdi. Shuningdek, 5-fevraldan keyin Cizre shahridagi uchta podvaldan 171 jasadni olib chiqib ketish haqida xabar berdi. ) xabar berishicha, Cizrada 79 kunlik komendantlik soati davomida 200 ga yaqin odam halok bo'lgan. 2016 yil 3 martda HRF prezidenti Zebnem Korur Fincanci Sur tumanidagi podval qoldiqlaridan odamning jag 'suyagini topdi. Diyarbakir HRA ma'lumotlariga ko'ra 2016 yil fevral oyida etti kishi o'ldirilgan.[409]

Xalqaro reaktsiyalar

  •  Evropa Kengashi - 2016 yil 14 aprelda Kengashning inson huquqlari bo'yicha komissari Nils Muiznieks shaharga tashrif buyurganidan keyin aytdi Diyarbakir:[410]

So'nggi oylarda Turkiyaning terrorizmga qarshi kurashi doirasida inson huquqlariga hurmat juda katta tezlikda yomonlashdi.

E'tiroz Berlin 2019 yil 10 oktyabrda Turkiyaning harbiy hujumiga qarshi
  •  Yevropa Ittifoqi - Evropa Ittifoqi tez-tez zudlik bilan sulhni to'xtatishga chaqirdi[411] va barcha tomonlarni Turkiyadagi oz sonli kurdlar bilan kelishuv jarayonini yangilashga chaqirdi.[412] 2016 yil 7 martda Evropa Ittifoqining tashqi siyosat bo'yicha rahbari Federika Mogerini dedi:[iqtibos kerak ]

Kurdlarning tinchlik jarayonini qayta boshlash kerak. Evropa Ittifoqi PKK terroristik tashkilot ekanligini tan oladi, ammo Turkiya hukumati tomonidan kurdlarning siyosiy vakillari va o'z pozitsiyalarini tinch yo'l bilan ifoda etganlar bilan qayta aloqaga kirishish zarurati mavjud.

Evropa parlamenti inson huquqlari buzilishi va kurdlar masalasida siyosiy muloqotni rad etish masalalarida juda tanqidiy munosabatda bo'ldi. terrorizmga qarshi kurash Turkiyada.[410][413][414] Evropa Ittifoqi institutlari terrorizmga qarshi qonunchilikning keng qo'llanilishini hamda Turkiyadagi "turklikni kamsitishga" qarshi jinoiy qonunni kurdlarning huquqlari uchun tinchlikparvarlik harakatlarini to'xtatuvchi sifatida doimiy ravishda tanqid qilib kelmoqdalar.[415][416]

  •  Germaniya - 2016 yil 19 yanvarda Germaniyaning Turkiyadagi elchisi Martin Erdmann Anqaraning noqonuniy Kurdiston ishchilar partiyasiga (PKK) qarshi olib borilayotgan kurashiga Berlinning so'zsiz qo'llab-quvvatlashini bildirdi va shu bilan birga Kurdlar muammosiga "yakuniy va doimiy echim" faqat siyosiy asoslarda topilishi mumkinligini ta'kidladi. Elchi quyidagi so'zlarni keltiradi:

PKKga qarshi kurashish va PKKdan o'zini himoya qilish Turkiyaning eng tabiiy huquqidir. Biroq, Germaniya federal hukumatining ishonchiga ko'ra, bu muammo faqat siyosiy platformada yakuniy va doimiy natijaga erishishi mumkin.

Turkiyaning janubi-sharqidagi mojaro ko'pincha Germaniyaning turk va kurd ozchiliklari tomonidan ommaviy tartibsizliklar va Germaniya ichidagi etnik ziddiyatlarning kelib chiqishiga sabab bo'lgan.[417]

NATO Bosh kotibining qo'shma matbuot anjumani Jens Stoltenberg va Turkiya tashqi ishlar vaziri Mevlud Chavushog'lu, 11 oktyabr 2019 yil
  •  NATO - 2015 yil 7 iyulda NATO Bosh kotibi Jens Stoltenberg harbiy alyansning 28 elchisining favqulodda sessiyasidan so'ng Turkiya bilan birdamligini bildirdi Bryussel. Stoltenberg, shuningdek, NATO voqealarni "juda diqqat bilan" kuzatayotganini bildirdi.[418] 2019 yil oktyabr oyida, Turkiya bosqinchi The Suriyadagi kurdlar yashaydigan joylar. Stoltenberg, Turkiya tashqi ishlar vaziri bilan o'tkazilgan matbuot anjumani paytida Turkiyaning "qonuniy xavfsizlik tashvishlari" borligini aytdi Mevlud Chavushog'lu.[419]
  •  Gollandiya - 2016 yil 13 sentyabrda Gollandiya politsiyasi PKK tarafdorlari va hamdardlarini milliy politsiya ma'lumotlar bazasiga ro'yxatdan o'tkazishini e'lon qildi.[305]
  •  Rossiya - Rossiya tez-tez Turkiyaning PKKni qo'llab-quvvatlashi haqidagi bayonotlari haqiqiy emasligini aytdi va Turkiyani o'zining "Kurdiston masalasini" siyosiy jihatdan hal qilishga chaqirdi, masalan, Rossiya Tashqi ishlar vazirligining 2016 yil 5 iyundagi ushbu iqtibosida:[420]

Biz tushunamizki, hozirgi Turkiya rahbariyati o'zlarining ichki muammolarini ba'zi tashqi omillar bilan izohlash harakatlaridan voz kechishlari qiyin. Kurd aholisi bilan fuqarolik mojarosi tinimsiz davom etar ekan, Prezident Erdo'g'an [kurdlar yashovchi] janubi-sharqdagi jazo operatsiyalarini kuchaytirish uchun Rossiyani Kurdiston ishchilar partiyasiga qurol etkazib berishda ayblashdan ko'ra yaxshiroq asos topmadi.

  •  Birlashgan Qirollik - 2016 yil 14 yanvarda Buyuk Britaniyaning Turkiyadagi elchisi Buyuk Britaniya hukumati nomidan bayonot chiqarib, PKKni qoraladi, shu bilan birga jangari tashkilotni Turkiyaga qarshi hujumlarini to'xtatishga chaqirdi. Elchi ta'kidladi:[421]

PKK terrorizmini mutlaqo qoralashimizni ta'kidlashimga ijozat bering. Ammo biz shunchaki bayonotlar bilan chiqmaymiz, shuningdek, biz Buyuk Britaniyadagi PKK-ni moliyalashtirishni faol ravishda to'xtatamiz va ularning xalqaro tarmog'i va faoliyatini buzish uchun qo'limizdan kelganini qilamiz.

  •  Birlashgan Millatlar - 2016 yil may oyida BMT Inson huquqlari bo'yicha Oliy Komissar Zeid Raad Al Hussein tinch aholiga qarshi zo'ravonlik haqida signal berdi va asosan kurdlar bo'lgan janubi-sharqiy Turkiyada inson huquqlari buzilayotgani haqida xabar berdi.[422] Shuningdek, u Turkiya hukumatining xavfsizlik kuchlari qurshovidagi binolarda yuzdan ortiq odam kuyib o'lganligi haqidagi xabarlar fonida BMT guruhiga ushbu hududda izlanish olib borish uchun ruxsat bermaslikdan xavotir bildirdi.[422] Komissar shunday dedi:

"Turli ishonchli manbalardan Cizre shahrida xavfsizlik kuchlarining dekabr oyining o'rtalaridan mart oyining boshigacha kengaytirilgan komendantlik soati paytida qilgan harakatlari to'g'risida tobora ko'proq ma'lumotlar paydo bo'ldi", dedi u press-relizda. "Hamma narsani tashvishga soladigan narsa shundaki, Cizre shahridagi guvohlar va qarindoshlarning so'zlariga ko'ra, xavfsizlik kuchlari qurshovida bo'lgan uch xil podvalda boshpana topgan 100 dan ortiq odam yoqib yuborilgan".

Shu bilan birga, Turkiya tashqi ishlar vazirligi BMT agentliklariga ushbu bayonotlar berilganidan keyin mamlakatning janubi-sharqiy viloyatlariga tashrif buyurishga ochiq taklif qildi va ushbu bayonotlarni "etarli ma'lumotlarga asoslanmagan" deb rad etdi.[423] BMT Komissarining so'zlariga ko'ra, qurolsiz tinch aholi, shu jumladan ayollar va bolalar hukumat tomonidan o'qqa tutilgan merganlar janubi-sharqda to'qnashuvlar paytida va turk kuchlari mahalliy infratuzilmaga katta zarar etkazgan.[424] Xabarlarni Turkiya tashqi ishlar vazirligi tasdiqlagan turk manbalari, 2015 yil oxirida PKK fuqarolarni va shu mintaqadagi yuqori martabali harbiy xizmatchilarni nishonga olish uchun chet el milliy merganlarini yollayotganini aytgan edi.[425]

Shuningdek qarang

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