Uchish uchun pul bering - Pay to fly

Uchish uchun to'lash bu aviatsiya sanoatining amaliyotidir, bunda professional uchuvchilar buning uchun to'lovni o'z zimmalariga oladilar. Amaliyot aviakompaniyalarni o'qitish shaklida amalga oshiriladi turdagi reytinglar ishga joylashish kafolati bo'lgan yoki bo'lmagan holda, ba'zi uchuvchilar o'zlarining bozor savdosini oshirish uchun to'lashlari. O'rganilgan bo'lsa ham, mavzu hech qanday tartibga solinmagan.

Tavsif

The ish haqi dastur[1]- ko'pincha "uchish uchun to'lov" deb nomlanadi[2] yoki "p2f", shuningdek "o'z-o'zini homiylik qiladigan chiziqli mashg'ulotlar" deb nomlanadi[3]- bu aviatsiya sanoatining amaliyotidir, bunda professional uchuvchi samolyotni daromad keltiradigan tijorat operatsiyasida ishlatadi [4] buning uchun to'lash orqali.[5] Narxlar dan[sifatida? ] 14000 evro atrofida[6] ba'zan 85000 evrodan oshadi [7][8] umuman 500 soatlik "parvoz soatlari to'plami" uchun [5][9][10] samolyotda;[9][10][11] ish haqi yo'q.[5][7][12][13][14] Qachon ish haqi taklif qilinmoqda,[15] muhim kreditlar[16] uchinchi shaxslarga (vositachilarga) ijro etiladi,[17] bu uchuvchilarning moliyaviy daromadidan ustundir.[18][19]

Odatda mijozlarga "kam taymerlar" (tajribasiz uchuvchilar) va kam soatlik kiradi turi baholangan uchuvchilar[20] (masalan, B737 rusumli yoki malakali, A320 rusumli va boshqalar), soatlab ishlagani uchun ish haqi to'laydi va aviakompaniyaning uchuvchisi sifatida ish topishda o'z imkoniyatlarini yaxshilaydi,[21][22] Shunday qilib, "uchuvchi tanqisligi" asosiy konsensusiga qarshi chiqish.[23][24] Amaliyot aviakompaniyalarga bag'ishlangan uchuvchilarni o'qitish shaklida o'tkaziladi turdagi reytinglar chek uchun mavjud,[25][26][27][28] uchuvchilar investitsiya qiymatidagi kompaniya aktivlaridan daromad manbaiga o'tadigan pul tikish kafolati yo'q.[29][30]

Kelib chiqishi

1924 yil 2-noyabrda, Garold Pitkarn asos solgan Pitcairn Flying School va yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish. Rebrendlangan Sharqiy havo liniyalari 1926-yilda, u 1950-yillardan keyin o'nlab yillar davomida sotib olingangacha rivojlandi Frants Lorenzo 1985 yilda qarzdorlik va yangi mehnat mojarosi o'rtasida Aviakompaniyani tartibga solish to'g'risidagi qonun bozor. Boshqaruv qarorlari (masalan, aktivlarni o'tkazish Continental Airlines ) qarshi mehnat tartibsizliklari bilan birlashtirilgan IAM, TWA va ALPA davomida 1989 yil Fisih aviakompaniyasining ish tashlashi 1991 yilda kompaniya tugatilishiga olib keldi.[31]

1988 yilda Tomas L. Kuper, uning sobiqlaridan biri Boeing 727 paytida uchib ketgan kapitan 1989 yilgi ish tashlash,[32] nomli kichik charter kompaniyasini ishga tushirdi Gulfstream International Airlines (GIA) Janubiy Florida, Bagama orollari va Kuba atrofida parvozlarni taklif qiladi Cessna 402s. Dastlab, kapitan nomzodlari 1992 yildan boshlab Avtar International vositachilik biznesida yollash va reklama bilan shug'ullanib, ko'p dvigatelli vaqtni sotish bilan 15000 dollar to'lashdi. Cessna 402s Mayami Flight Standard District Office-ning bu safar jurnalga yozilganligiga ishonch bilan. O'sha paytda kapitanlar kompensatsiyani dastlabki operatsion tajribani (IOE) muvaffaqiyatli tugatgandan keyingina olishgan, birinchi ofitserlar 150-200 soat davomida to'lovsiz parvoz qilishni davom ettirishgan. Agar ular tezda etib kelmasa, ular qo'shimcha soatlarni sotib olmasdan parvozni davom ettirishlari mumkin edi.[33]

Tartibga solish

FAA

The Colgan Air 3407 reysi halokat olib keldi Federal aviatsiya ma'muriyati (FAA) yangi uchuvchilar malakasi standartlaridan o'tish.[23] Ushbu standartlar, shuningdek, 5900 (111-chi) HRni qabul qilganida AQSh Kongressi tomonidan qabul qilingan vakolatni ko'rib chiqdi,[34] 2010 yilgi aviakompaniyaning xavfsizligi va FAA-ni kengaytirish to'g'risidagi qonun.[35] Ushbu hujjat, shuningdek, "aviakompaniya transporti uchuvchisi guvohnomasini berish talablari" ga o'zgartirish kiritilishini nazarda tutgan[36] 8900.225-sonli FAA qoidalari va siyosati bilan amalga oshirilgan usullarda[37] sarlavhali uchuvchi sertifikatlash va aviakompaniyalar faoliyatiga oid malaka talablari[38] 2013 yil 10-iyulda [39]

Yuqorida aytib o'tilgan tartibga solish, FAA litsenziyalari orasida to'lovlarni to'lash hajmini minimal standartlarni oshirish orqali qisqartirdi.[23] Darhaqiqat, SIC (Ikkinchi buyruq yoki birinchi ofitser) sifatida xizmat qilish:

"Uchuvchi, agar u harbiy tayyorgarlikdan o'tgan uchuvchi bo'lsa; aviatsiya ixtisosligi bo'yicha to'rt yillik bakalavr dasturini bitiruvchisi; aviatsiya ixtisosligi bo'yicha ikki yillik dotsentlik dasturining bitiruvchisi; yoki 1500 nafar uchuvchi sifatida umumiy vaqt ".[40]

FAA-ning hech qanday qoidalari uchish uchun to'lashni aniq taqiqlamaydi.

EASA

"Aviakompaniyalar o'z xodimlarining ish haqini to'lashlari uchuvchilar texnik jihatdan malakali ekan, aviatsiya xavfsizligini tartibga solishga aralashmaydi"[5] _Dominique Fouda, rahbari EASA Aloqa bo'limi

Evropada, orasida EASA litsenziya egalari, uchish uchun to'lash - bu amalda tan olingan amaliyot,[41][42] ammo "na Evropa komissiyasi, na EASA g'amxo'rlik ":[43]

"Aviakompaniyalar o'z xodimlarining ish haqini to'lashlari, agar uchuvchilar texnik jihatdan malakali bo'lsa, aviatsiya xavfsizligini tartibga solishga aralashmaydi",[43] - dedi Dominik Fouda, EASA Aloqa va sifat bo'limi boshlig'i.[44]

Bir nechta tadqiqotlar ammo bu pozitsiyani o'zgartirdi.

Shveytsariya

Ga binoan FOCA direktor o'rinbosari Marsel Zakschverdt:[45]

"Buni amalga oshirishni taqiqlovchi biron bir me'yor yo'q (to'lash uchun to'lash), bu mutlaqo mumkin. Kimdir shubhasizki, bu xavfsizmi? Xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan qabul qilinadimi? Va biz masalani o'rganib chiqqach, oxir-oqibat, bu uchuvchi motivatsiya xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan qoniqarli deyish uchun dalil bo'ladi "degan xulosaga keldi. [8] (9 'da: 50 "da)

Frantsiya

Uchish uchun to'lash ijtimoiy tartibga solish bo'yicha noqonuniy hisoblanadi, chunki sud shartnomasi sudya talabiga binoan tuzilishi mumkin:

  1. xizmat ko'rsatuvchi va ushbu xizmatdan foydalanuvchi tomon o'rtasida subordinatsiya munosabatlari tasdiqlangan;
  2. Xizmatdan foydalanadigan axloqiy yoki jismoniy shaxs, xizmat ko'rsatuvchi provayder rioya qiladigan asosni amalga oshiradi.

Qoidabuzarlik aniqlanganda qonuniy choralar ko'rilishi mumkin va jazo choralari 45000 dan 220000 evrogacha va 3 yillik qamoq jazosiga teng.[46]Frantsuzlarning fikriga ko'ra DGAC, "Frantsiya bayrog'i ostida ishlaydigan tashuvchilar orasida uchish uchun to'lov ishlatilmaydi" [5] bu frantsuz uchuvchilarining azoblanishiga to'sqinlik qilmaydi.[5][7][22]

Frantsiya statistikasi

2013 yilda 1739 frantsuz uchuvchisi ro'yxatga olingan Pôle ishlaydi, o'tgan uch yilga nisbatan 43 foizga o'sdi.[5]2014 yil dekabr oyida aspirant-uchuvchilar ENAC Faqatgina (Frantsiya fuqaro aviatsiyasi universiteti) AGEPAC assotsiatsiyasi ostida 2006 yildan 2011 yilgacha 319 ta uchuvchi namunasi haqida xabar bergan:[47]

  • 15% ixtiyoriy ishchilar / faoliyat ko'rsatmasdan / ro'yxatdan o'tganlar Pôle ishlaydi[48]
  • 42 foizida uchish imkoniyatini beruvchi faoliyat bo'lmagan[49]
  • 44% ularning faoliyati mashg'ulotlariga mos kelmaydi deb hisoblagan[49]
  • Ish bilan bandlik darajasi (barcha ish joylari) asta-sekinlik bilan 2006 yil tinglovchilar uchun 94% dan 2011 yil uchun 15% gacha ko'tarildi.[50]

Natijada uchuvchilarning asosiy faoliyati sifatida uchmaydilar:

Norvegiya

The Fuqaro aviatsiyasi boshqarmasi, Norvegiyada aviatsiya xavfsizligi uchun mas'ul, tashvishlanmaydi.

Frode Lenningning so'zlariga ko'ra, Filo Operatsion bo'limining rahbari, CAA: «Uchuvchilar tijorat kompaniyalari tarkibida bir necha yildan buyon o'qitilmoqda. Biroq, ba'zi kompaniyalar uchuvchilarni o'z kompaniyalari tarkibida o'qitish uchun pul so'rashlari yangi narsa [...] Biz kursant uchuvchilarni kabinada yillar davomida, turli darajalarda o'qitib kelmoqdamiz. Bu erda yangi narsa - bu ijtimoiy jihat va bu aviatsiya xavfsizligini tartibga solish tizimiga kirmaydi ". [18]".

Biroq, uchuvchilarning ish tashlashi paytida Norvegiya 2015 yil mart oyida,[52] uchish uchun to'laydigan aviakompaniya Kichik sayyora aviakompaniyalari [53] 50 ijro etdi NAS ostidagi uyalar nam ijara,[18] mehnatga haq to'laydigan va shu bilan birga hamkasblarining ish tashlashini buzadigan ishchi kuchini yaratish.

Gollandiya

"EASA ushbu masalani munosib ravishda hal qilishini hisobga olgan holda hamda Gollandiyaning aviatsiya sektori ma'lum darajada ushbu shartnomalardan hozircha keng miqyosda foydalanmayotganligini hisobga olgan holda, xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan aralashishga hali sabab yo'q. milliy daraja. "[54] _Vilma Mansveld

2008 yildan beri uchuvchilar uchun ish bozori tez yomonlashdi. Gollandiyalik parvoz maktabida o'qigan uchuvchilarning aksariyati chet elda ish izlashlari kerak. VNV-DALPA ma'lumotlariga ko'ra ab initio uchuvchilari uchun ish bozori yomon. "Niderlandiyadan tashqaridagi ba'zi kompaniyalar uchuvchilarni yollashadi, ammo bu uchish sxemalari uchun ish haqi deb ataladi. Bu shuni anglatadiki, uchuvchilar yomon haq to'lanadigan ish va vaqtincha shartnoma uchun ko'p pul sarflashlari kerak".[55]

2015 yil 22-may kuni a'zo Gollandiya parlamenti Martijn van Xelvert 2015 yil 2 iyunda infratuzilma va atrof-muhit vazirligining sobiq davlat kotibi tomonidan javob berilgan "uchish uchun to'lov" bo'yicha Bosh shtatlar Vakillar Palatasiga to'rtta savolning birinchi raundi berildi. Vilma Mansveld.[54]

2015 yil 22-iyun kuni bo'lib o'tgan etti savol va javoblardan iborat ikkinchi bosqich.[56]

Gollandiya statistikasi

2015 yil fevral oyida Gollandiyalik aviakompaniyalar uchuvchilar uyushmasi (VNV - Gollandiyalik ALPA) dunyo bo'ylab 4100 kishidan 1200 ta gollandiyalik uchuvchi (deyarli 30%) ishsizligini xabar qildi.[57]Ishsizlik darajasi yuqori bo'lib qolmoqda.[58]

Germaniya

"Aviatsiya sohasidagi ushbu juda nomaqbul o'zgarishlarni hisobga olgan holda [p2f], men qat'iyatli harakatlarni istayman Evropa Ittifoqi Komissiyasi. Endi yosh uchuvchilar ekspluatatsiyasiga chek qo'yish kerak. "[59] _Jutta Shtaynuk

2015 yil 5-may kuni a'zo Evropa parlamenti Jutta Shtaynuk ga yozma uchta savollar to'plamini berdi Evropa komissiyasi "Arzon narxlardagi aviakompaniyalarda ekspluatatsion ish bilan ta'minlash modellari (" Uchib ketish uchun to'lov ")" mavzusida:[60]

  1. Komissiya Evropaning aviakompaniyalari "Pay to Fly" tizimidan foydalanayotganidan xabardormi? [60]
  2. Komissiya ushbu ish modeli aviatsiya xavfsizligini buzishi mumkinligiga rozi bo'ladimi? [60]
  3. Komissiya ushbu ekspluatatsiya sxemalarini ishlatadigan aviakompaniyalarga qarshi choralar ko'rishni niyat qiladimi va aviatsiya sohasidagi o'quv tizimlarini tekshiradimi? [60]

Nomidan komissiya, 2015 yil 10-iyulda, Violeta bulc navbati bilan javob berdi:[61]

  1. Yaqinda uchuvchilar tashkilotlari tomonidan Komissiyaga ma'lum Evropa aviakompaniyalari tomonidan to'lovlarni to'lash sxemalari to'g'risida ma'lumot berildi. Hozirda Komissiya xizmatlari ushbu aniq masalani tekshirmoqda.[61]
  2. Ushbu ish modelining xavfsizlikka ta'siri to'g'risida Komissiya hozirgacha aniq dalillarni olmagan.[61]
  3. Yig'ilgan ma'lumotlar va ma'lumotlarga asoslanib, hodisaning mohiyati va darajasi baholanadi va maqsadga muvofiq harakatlarning zarurligi tegishli darajada muhokama qilinadi.[61]

Savollar 2015 yil 7-maydan 2 kun oldin tuzilgan RaI Bryusselda "Bandlik va ijtimoiy masalalar qo'mitasi" yig'ilishi MEP Shtaynuk, shuningdek, uchish uchun haq to'lash masalasi muhokama qilingan joyga tashrif buyurdi.[62]

Germaniya statistikasi

2013 yildan Der Spiegel maqola, "[VC vakili Xandverg] kasaba uyushmasi hisob-kitoblariga ko'ra, Germaniyada allaqachon 1500 dan ortiq ishsiz uchuvchi bor, bu o'sish tendentsiyasi".[63]

Birlashgan Qirollik

Keyingi ECA 2015 yil 12-13 fevral kunlari "Atipik bandlik" mavzusidagi konferentsiya[64] qaerda biri "Nextgen uchuvchisi [aytgan] uchish uchun pul to'lash noto'g'ri, ammo siyosatchilar orqasiga o'girilib [...]",[65] BALPA 27-fevral kuni NexGen dasturini "yangi ishtirokchilarga murojaat qilib, kasbni himoya qilish" dasturini boshladi.[66] "Uchuvchilar karerasining eng qiyin bosqichi - bu boshlanish" deb e'tirof etish,[67] Vendi Pursi, a'zolik va martaba xizmatlari rahbari[68] da BALPA muallif[69] nomli buklet Uchuvchi bo'lish: ichki trek,[70] ogohlantirish:

  • Ba'zi aviakompaniyalar uchuvchidan a turi reytingi mashg'ulotni boshlashdan oldin to'liq, odatda xarajat - taxminan 18,000 dan 35,000 funtgacha.[70]
  • Tugatish mumkin turi reytingi va ishga joylashishsiz safda o'qitish. Ba'zi agentliklar va FTOlar sizga o'zingiznikiga o'tishingizni talab qiladi turi reytingi va sizning safingiz tugaguniga qadar birinchi ofitser sifatida ishlash uchun sizni aviakompaniyaga joylashtiring. Bir necha soatlik ish paytida siz maosh olmaysiz, shuning uchun siz aviakompaniyada ular uchun ishlash uchun pul to'laysiz.[70]
  • Buning narxi kompaniyaga qarab o'zgarib turadi va odatda safda o'qish yoki soatlab ishlab chiqarish oxirida kafolatlangan ish taklifi bilan birga bo'lmaydi.[70]
  • Bu erda siz o'zingizni bitta samolyotda baholashingiz va shu sababli ushbu aviakompaniyani davom ettirmasangiz, bu sizni faqatgina ushbu turdagi aviakompaniyalar uchun yanada jozibador qiladi va pulni behuda sarflashi mumkin. agar siz boshqa turdagi operator bilan ish topsangiz. Keyin ushbu aviakompaniya birinchi reytingni moliyalashtirgandan so'ng sizdan moliyaviy jihatdan tashqarida bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan boshqa turdagi reytingni moliyalashtirishni talab qilishi mumkin.[70]

"BALPA agar zarurat bo'lmasa, moliyalashtirish turlarini baholashni tavsiya etmaydi ".[70]

Buyuk Britaniya statistikasi

Savol bergan Guardian 2015 yil 24 oktyabrda Pursi quyidagilarni baholadi:

  • hozirda 505 nafar ishsiz uchuvchilar bor Balpa Kitoblari.[69]
  • Kursantlar oyiga 1500 funt sterlinggacha bo'lgan to'lovni to'lash majburiyatlari bilan bitirishi mumkin, ish kafolati yo'q.[69]
  • 29 ming funt sterlingdan past bo'lgan ish haqi.[69]

Balpa a'zosi bo'lgan 560 kursantdan:

  • ularning 50% dan ortig'i uchun o'qitish narxi 100000 funtdan oshadi.[69]
  • Faqat 12 foizida har qanday homiylik bor edi;[69]
  • 45,2% kredit oldi,[69]
  • 41,9 foizga ularning ota-onalari yordam berishdi.[69]

Akademik tadqiqotlar va tadqiqotlar

Frantsiya Senatining hisoboti

2014 yil 10 aprelda senator Éric Bocquet Evropa transport komissiyasida ijtimoiy damping bo'yicha Evropa ishlari komissiyasi nomidan Axborot hisobotini chiqardi.[41] Aviatsiya sohasida (II bob), B kichik qismi (firibgarliklar), senator Bokket "Strategik aviakompaniya Lyuksemburg niyat va maqsadlar uchun uchish uchun to'lash tizimini yo'lga qo'ygan edi, yosh uchuvchilar uchish uchun to'lashlari va shu tariqa parvoz soatlarini olishlari kerak edi ".[41]

Gent universiteti tahsil

Tomonidan moliyalashtiriladi Evropa komissiyasi va tomonidan 11 mamlakat bo'ylab amalga oshirildi Gent universiteti evropalik nomidan Fuqaro aviatsiyasi sohaviy ijtimoiy muloqot qo'mitasi (xususan AEA, ECA va ETF ), "Aviatsiyada atipik bandlik" mavzusidagi ish 2015 yil 12 va 13 fevral kunlari Parijda bo'lib o'tgan yuqori darajadagi atipik ish bilan ta'minlash konferentsiyasi davomida taqdim etildi.[64]

Siyosat variantlarini hisobga olgan holda, tadqiqot quyidagicha yakunlandi:

"Yangi litsenziyalangan kursantlar uchun majburiy stajirovka o'tkazish masalasini ko'rib chiqish kerak. Maktabdan yangi kelgan uchuvchilar mehnat bozorida juda zaif ahvolga tushib qolishgan, aksariyat hollarda faqat yomon sharoitlarda ish topishadi yoki hatto parvozni soatiga etkazish uchun to'lovlarni to'lash sxemalariga murojaat qilishlari kerak. yaxshi shart-sharoitlarni taklif qiladigan aviakompaniyalar tomonidan talab qilinadigan tajriba. [...] Bizning qat'iy fikrimizcha, to'lovlarni to'lash sxemalari nafaqat Evropa Ittifoqida, balki butun dunyoda taqiqlanishi kerak ".[71]

Mutaxassis maslahat

  • The Evropa komissiyasi (ikkalasi ham DG HARAKAT va DG EMPL ) bilan uchrashdi ECA va 18 iyun kuni Kokpitseeker o'z fikrlari va dalillarini to'plash uchun.[72]
  • Qisman javoban MEP Jutta Shtaynuk "s savollar, Devies Gleave-ni boshqaring etkazib berildi DG HARAKAT uni 2015 yil 2 oktyabrda "havo transportida va aeroportlarda ish bilan ta'minlash va mehnat sharoitlari" bo'yicha o'rganish.[73] Unda quyidagilar aniqlandi: "Uchish uchun to'lovlar sxemalari - bu uchuvchilarga" parvoz qilish uchun ruxsat berish va shu bilan kerakli parvoz tajribasini olish uchun aviakompaniyaga moliyaviy yordam berishni talab qiladigan sxemalar ". Kichik uchuvchilar (katta uchishsiz)turi reytingi ) tajriba, ayniqsa, bunday amaliyotlarga nisbatan zaifdir, ammo bu qanchalik keng tarqalganligi yoki aniq qaysi aviakompaniyalar ushbu sxemalarni taklif qilayotgani aniq emas. [...] Uchib ketish haqi nashr etilgan adabiyotlarda (masalan, Gent universiteti ishsizligini o'rganish bo'yicha ish), ammo manfaatdor tomonlar bu sohada alohida izoh bermaganligi sababli tan olingan. "[73]

Frantsiya Milliy Assambleyasi hisoboti

2016 yil 28 iyunda Nationale Assambleya a'zosi o'rinbosari Gilles Savari Axborot hisobotini taqdim etdi[74] Evropa ishlari bo'yicha komissiya nomidan va Evropa strategiyasiga bag'ishlangan aviatsiya bo'yicha Evropa komissiyasi 2015 yil 7 dekabrda. II.C.1-band. senator deb ta'kidlaydi Boket "s hisobot "ikki yildan ko'proq vaqt oldin nashr etilgan, hozirgi kunga qadar dolzarb bo'lib qolgan havo transportidagi amaldagi huquq bilan bog'liq bo'lgan ijtimoiy demping to'g'risida ma'rifiy obzor yaratdi".[75] Keyingi II.C.1.a. sarlavhali "Evropa komissiyasi yaqinni qabul qiladi laissez-faire mehnat aspektiga munosabat "deb ta'kidlaydi:

"Ma'ruzachi tomonidan eshitilgan manfaatdor tomonlarning vakillik tashkilotlari muhim nuance keltirdi [...]: [aviatsiya] sohasida mehnat qonunchiligi nafaqat yomon qo'llanilmoqda, balki etarli emas. Ishga joylashishning odatiy shakllari (nol soatlik shartnomalar,« uchib ketish uchun to'lash ») sxemasi, soxta o'z-o'zini ish bilan ta'minlash va pochta qutilari kompaniyalari) qoidalarni talqin qilishda aybdor emas, balki ularning bo'shliqlarida. "[74]

Bilan bog'liq hodisalar / baxtsiz hodisalar

Airbus A320-214, MyTravel Airways
Airbus A320 -214, MyTravel Airways

MyTravel Airways

2007 yil 5-iyulda a Birinchi ofitser u xodim bo'lmagan, ammo pul to'layotgan MyTravel o'zlarining samolyotlarida parvoz tajribasini to'plash uchun (uchish uchun to'lash), Airbus A320 samolyotini Gretsiyaning Kos aeroportiga qattiq qo'ndirdi va asosiy qo'nish qismiga katta zarar etkazdi.[30] Hisobotda uchuvchilarni o'qitish rekordi va aviakompaniyalarga tajriba orttirish uchun pul to'laydigan xodimlar tanqid qilindi.

O'sha yilning fevral oyida MyTravel Group plc kompaniyasi birlashishga kelishib oldi Tomas Kuk AG[76] iyun oyida kuchga kirdi.[77] Natijada, avariya umumiy soyabon ostida sodir bo'lgan Thomas Cook Group plc (ro'yxatda ko'rsatilganidek London fond birjasi ) bilan MyTravel Airways va Thomas Cook Airlines UK Ltd birlashmoqda Tomas Kuk aviakompaniyasi 2008 yil 30 martda.[77]

Qarama-qarshilik

Aviakompaniyalar va brokerlar jalb qilingan

Ma'lumot mavjud bo'lganda, brokerlar ham aviatsiya maktablari old qo'shimchalar: *

TRTO'lar (toifadagi reyting o'quv tashkilotlari) prefiksi: **

Operator yoki broker (agar kerak bo'lsa)AviakompaniyalarReytinglar turiSafda o'qitish
Qo'shma ShtatlarChex RespublikasiTayvanGanaAerorganizer Aviation Service International Co., Ltd.[84][85] bilan ham Tunis ** Tunis aviatsiya o'quv markazi (ATCT)Tunisair[85] Umuman olganda, uchuvchilarni yollash va o'qitish xizmati, samolyotlarni sotish va quruq / ho'l ijaraga berish, ish joyini baholash imkoniyati bilan 500 soatlik uchuvchilar tayyorlash bo'yicha A320, A320 CBT kurslarini sotishHa[85]Ha[85]
Chex Respublikasi Aerojob[86][87]Sayohat xizmati a.s (ostida SmartWings )Ha [88]Yo'q
(Noma'lum)AeronovaHa [89][90]Ha [89][90]
Latviya *** Air Baltic Training[91] (sho''ba korxonasi Havo Baltic )Havo BalticHa [27][92]Ha [92]
kurka * Atlantika Parvozlar Akademiyasi (AFA)[93]AtlasjetHa [94][95]Ha [95]
Gollandiya Samolyotlarni tayyorlash markazi (ATC)[96][97]Farnair (va sho'ba Farnair Training), Havo kiriting,[97] CarpatairHa [28][97][98]Ha [28][97][98]
Litva airhub parvoz maktabiGetjet[99]Yo'qHa
Tunis ** Tunis aviatsiya o'quv markazi (ATCT)[100] * G Air Training Center (Tunisair) bilan hamkorlikda[101]Nuveler,[12][13] Tunisair [14][101]Ha [102][103]Ha [12][13][14][101][104] (1)
Vetnam Atrans Aviation[105]VietjetAirYo'qHa [106][107]
Litva AviationCVKichik sayyora aviakompaniyalariYo'qHa[108]
Litva ***Boltiq aviatsiyasi akademiyasiAtlasjet,[109] Estonian Air,[109] Royal Air Maroc,[110] VietjetAir[110]Ha [25][26] (Estonian Air) [109]Ha [25][26] (Estonian Air emas) [109]
(Noma'lum)Ruminiya Blue Air BMS srlHaHa
(Noma'lum)Moviy Panorama aviakompaniyasiYo'qYo'q
Irlandiya Respublikasi CAE Parc Aviation va Birlashgan Qirollik Brookfield Aviation InternationalRyanair, EasyJetHa [111][112](2)Ha [112][113]
Germaniya ** Kokpit4UGermaniya [5][114]Ha [5][114][115]Ha [5][114][116](3)
(Noma'lum)Xorvatiya havo yo'llariYo'qHa [117]
Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari Desert Rose aviatsiyasi(Noma'lum)Ha [118][119]Ha [120]
Irlandiya Respublikasi To'g'ridan-to'g'ri xodimlar(Noma'lum)Yo'qYo'q
Qo'shma Shtatlar Eagle JetVengriya BH AirYo'qHa [121]
Qo'shma Shtatlar Eagle Jet [10]Litva Arslon havo,[10][122] Estoniya Nordika Regional Jet OÜ sho'ba korxonasi orqali[123]Ha [124][123]Ha [10][122][123]
Ispaniya Elite Sky Aviation [125](Noma'lum)Yo'qHa [126]
Gonkong ETOPS parvozi [6]Royal Air Maroc Express [6]Ha (faqat broker [127][128][129] )Ha [6]
Malayziya Gosh uchib ket(Noma'lum)Yo'qYo'q
Ispaniya * FTE XerezVoloteaHa [130]Ha [130]
(Noma'lum)Galain aviatsiyasiYo'qHa [131]
Birlashgan Qirollik ** IAGO parvoz mashg'ulotlari Buyuk BritaniyaTomas KukHaHa
Shveytsariya IXO Aviation Switzerland(Noma'lum)HaHa
Birlashgan Qirollik ** Jet Flight Training Ltd(Noma'lum)HaHa
Belgiya *** TUIfly Academy BryusselJetairflyHa [132][133]Yo'q
Hindiston/Kipr Tugunlar aviatsiyasi(Noma'lum)Ha [134][135]Ha [136]
Kipr Laffair Aviation orqali Frantsiya Sim Aviation GroupPegasus Airlines, AtlasGlobal, Turkish Airlines, Onur Air, Sun ExpressHa [137]Ha [137]
Estoniya Nordic Crew Management (NCM)NAG - Shimoliy aviatsiya guruhi (Nordika )(Noma'lum)Ha [138]
Birlashgan Qirollik Shimoliy parvozlarni tayyorlash bo'yicha Buyuk Britaniya(Noma'lum)HaHa
Hindiston MSD Aviation Pvt. Ltd(Noma'lum)HaHa
(Noma'lum)Pegasus AirlinesHa [139]Ha [139]
Kipr Uchuvchilarni boshqarish bo'yicha xizmatlar [17][19]Kichik sayyora aviakompaniyalari [17]Yo'qHa [9]
Germaniya Planet Air Germany(Noma'lum)Yo'qHa [140]
Yangi Zelandiya RishvortWings Air, Vietnam Airlines[141]Yo'qHa [142]
Dubay ** Skies Aviation(Noma'lum)HaHa
Germaniya Sky4u / Intex-Aero(Noma'lum)Ha [143]Ha [143]
(Noma'lum)TaromYo'qYo'q
Italiya TRTOagency(Noma'lum)Ha [144]Yo'q
Tunis Poezd turi va turiNuveler,[21] Tunisair[21]Ha (faqat broker [21])Ha [21]
Marokash Line Line Training(Noma'lum)HaHa
Litva ** UAB Sabenavita(Noma'lum)HaHa
Vetnam ATRANS AVIATIONVietjet AirYo'qHa [145]
(Noma'lum)Wingjet aviatsiyasiHa [146][147]Ha [146][147][148]
Qo'shma Shtatlar Jahon aviakompaniyasi xizmatlariAir Asia, Hainan Airlines, Air Gabon, Madagaskar, Asiana Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Gonkong havo yo'llari, Royal Air Maroc, TAAGYo'qYo'q

(1) "Shuni e'tiborga olingki, [ATCT] sizni aviakompaniyaga joylashtiradigan dunyodagi etakchi Brukers uchuvchisi Brookfield Aviations bilan juda yaqin ishlaydi".[14]

(2) Bu "yolg'on ayblovlar" _Irland byudjet aviakompaniyasining vakili[149]

(3) "Germaniyada uchish uchun to'lov? Bu bema'nilik" _Karsten Balke, Boshqaruvchi direktor ning Germaniya[150]

Adabiyotlar

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  67. ^ "How To Become A Pilot". www.balpa.org. BALPA - British Airline Pilots Association. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Olingan 7-noyabr 2015. Probably the most difficult part of a pilots’ career is the beginning. Getting that first job can be like finding a needle in a haystack. Most airlines only recruit experienced pilots who have flown jet aircraft before, and are not willing to employ cadets fresh from flight training. This gap is bridged either by paying for extra training, by networking and getting a job flying smaller aircraft or simply by luck.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url holati noma'lum (havola)
  68. ^ "BALPA Staff Listing". www.balpa.org. BALPA - British Airline Pilots Association. Olingan 7-noyabr 2016. Membership & Careers Services - Wendy Pursey Head of Membership and Career Services [email protected] 0208 476 4088
  69. ^ a b v d e f g h Aida Edemariam (October 24, 2015). "Sky high: who'd be an airline pilot today?". www.theguardian.com. Guardian. Olingan 8 noyabr 2015. Wendy Pursey, head of membership and career services at Balpa, wrote a pamphlet, Becoming A Pilot: The Inside Track
  70. ^ a b v d e f g h men Wendy Pursey (April 23, 2015). "BECOMING A PILOT THE INSIDE TRACK". www.balpa.org. BALPA - British Airline Pilots Association. pp. 16, 23. Olingan 7-noyabr 2016.
  71. ^ "Atypical Employment in Aviation - Final Report" (PDF). Universiteit Gent. UGent. Fevral 2015. p. 296. Olingan 11 iyul 2016. A mandatory internship for newly licensed cadets should be considered. Pilots fresh from school are in an extremely weak labour market position often only finding jobs at deplorable conditions or even having to resort to pay-to-fly schemes in order to clock up the flight experience required by airlines offering better conditions. [...] It is our strong opinion that pay-to-fly schemes should be prohibited, not only in the European Union, but globally
  72. ^ "5. Other analyses from stakeholders and Member States" (PDF). CockpitSeeker. 2015 yil 9-dekabr. Olingan 11 iyul 2015.
  73. ^ a b Offord, Rosie; Kouris, Stefan; Capek, Hannah; Wainwright, Stephen (2 October 2015). "Study on employment and working conditions in air transport and airports" (PDF). ec.europa.eu (3.0 nashr). Devies Gleave-ni boshqaring. pp. 21, 159, 163. Olingan 11 iyul 2016. Pay-to-fly schemes are schemes that require pilots to contribute financially to an airline 'in order to be allowed to fly and thus gain requisite flight experience'. Junior pilots without significant amounts of flight (type rating) experience are particularly vulnerable to such practices, although it is not clear how prevalent this is, or precisely which airlines are offering these schemes. [...] Pay-to-fly is acknowledged in published literature (e.g. Atypical employment study, Ghent University) as an issue however stakeholders did not specifically comment in this area.
  74. ^ a b Gilles SAVARY (28 June 2016). "RAPPORT D'INFORMATION DÉPOSÉ PAR LA COMMISSION DES AFFAIRES EUROPÉENNES sur la stratégie européenne pour l'aviation présentée par la Commission européenne le 7 décembre 2015 (COM(2015) 613 final)" (PDF). assemblee-nationale.fr (frantsuz tilida). Commission des affaires européennes. p. 66. Olingan 13 fevral 2017. ...la législation sociale dans le secteur aérien n’est pas seulement mal appliquée, elle est aussi insuffisante, les formes de travail atypiques (contrats zéro heures, système « pay-to-fly », faux indépendants et sociétés boîtes aux lettres) ne relevant pas d’une interprétation divergente des règles mais bien des lacunes de ces dernières.
  75. ^ Gilles SAVARY (28 June 2016). "RAPPORT D'INFORMATION DÉPOSÉ PAR LA COMMISSION DES AFFAIRES EUROPÉENNES sur la stratégie européenne pour l'aviation présentée par la Commission européenne le 7 décembre 2015 (COM(2015) 613 final)" (PDF). assemblee-nationale.fr (frantsuz tilida). Commission des affaires européennes. p. 65. Olingan 13 fevral 2017. .Le rapport d’information de M. Éric Bocquet [...] publié voilà un peu plus de deux ans fait un panorama éclairant du risque de dumping social associé au droit applicable dans le transport aérien, qui reste pleinement d’actualité.
  76. ^ Spikes, Sarah; Blitz, Roger (February 12, 2007). "MyTravel agrees merger with Thomas Cook". ft.com/. Financial Times. Olingan 16 dekabr, 2016. MyTravel, the £1.1bn UK holiday company, and Thomas Cook, its privately-owned Germany-based rival, on Monday agreed a merger of equals that would create a global powerhouse of tour operators.
  77. ^ a b "Thomas Cook Airlines' history". thomascookairlinesuk. Thomas Cook Airlines UK. Olingan 16 dekabr, 2016. Following the merger between Thomas Cook AG and MyTravel Group plc in June 2007, the new Thomas Cook Airlines (amalgamating Thomas Cook Airlines UK Ltd and MyTravel Airways) is launched at Gatwick on 30th March 2008.
  78. ^ Deckstein Dinah (March 30, 2013). "Prekariat am Himmel (Precarity in the sky)". Der Spiegel (in German) (14): 61. Es eröffne Berufseinsteigern "Chancen, die sich im europäischen Markt derzeit nicht bieten". Derartige Trainingsprogramme seien im Ausland schon seit Jahren üblich.
  79. ^ "Line Training: to pay or not to pay?". www.balticaa.com/. Baltic Aviation Academy. 2015 yil 25-fevral.
  80. ^ a b AviationCV.com (July 14, 2015). "Line training for pilot: everything you need to know". www.aviationcv.com/. AviationCV. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 24 iyulda. Olingan 23 iyul 2015. Alt URL
  81. ^ Groenendijk-Feenstra, Nienke (October 18, 2013). "Pilots are slowly strangled by their debt". AirObserver. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 2 aprelda. Olingan 17 mart, 2015.
  82. ^ "Even the pilots pay on some low-cost flights". www.independent.co.uk. Mustaqil. 2013 yil 29 dekabr.
  83. ^ a b "Fair Competition in aviation is a must!". www.eurocockpit.be/. Evropa kokpit uyushmasi. [...] making use of fake work bases in non-European countries, and ‘pay-to-fly’ (P2F) programs (whereby newly graduated pilots have to pay their airline for gaining flying experience on an aircraft)
  84. ^ "| Aerorganizer Aviation Service International Co. Ltd. 通勝航領國際有限公司". www.aerorgnizer.com. Olingan 2019-09-03.
  85. ^ a b v d "A320 Type Rating & Line Training Program". aerorgnizer.com. Olingan 9 may 2020. "A320 type rating: $25,000- USD A320 Base Training (6 landings & Touch and go) $13500- USD. A320 Line training 500 hours: $75,000 USD [...] Full flight simulator with ATCT [...] working with Tunisair
  86. ^ "Aerojob Worldwide". www.aerojob.cz/ (chex tilida). Aerojob. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 18 aprelda. Olingan 19 iyun 2015. Type rating B737 and A 320 Sale 12900 EUR Total Price for 68 hours Alt URL
  87. ^ "Travel Service pilot jobs Wiki". www.pilotjobsnetwork.com/. Pilot Jobs Network. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 18 aprelda. Recruitment Process for Travel Service Pilot Jobs FO+Cadet 3-day assessment organised by AeroJob in Prague Alt URL
  88. ^ "Poslání společnosti AeroJOB a program DOPRAVNÍ PILOT (Company Mission AeroJOB and transport pilot program)". www.aerojob.cz/ (chex tilida). AeroJob. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 18 aprelda. Type rating B737 and A 320 Sale 12900 EUR Total Price for 68 hours Alt URL
  89. ^ a b "ESCUELA Con nuestra experiencia mejorarás volando (With our experience, get better at flying)". www.aeronova.com/ (ispan tilida). Aeronova. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 18 mayda. Olingan 17 aprel, 2015. Programa Fairchild SA227: Habilitación de tipo + Base training + Line training. [...] Detalle del programa: Habilitación de tipo. 6 tomas y despegues. 120 h. como copiloto en el modelo de avión.
  90. ^ a b "FAIRCHILD SA227 PROGRAM PRESENTATION" (PDF). www.aeronova.com/. Aeronova. p. 4. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi (PDF) 2015 yil 18 mayda. Olingan 17 aprel, 2015. The price of the initial program is of 16500 € And the price for the follow-up is of 8000 € Please note that the 120 h per 2 month period (which could be in several separate not continuing contracts) is a guaranteed number of hours.
  91. ^ "Biz haqimizda". www.airbaltictraining.com. Air Baltic. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 19 iyunda. Olingan 19 iyun 2015.
  92. ^ a b "Dash 8 Q400 Type Rating + Line Training". www.airbaltictraining.com/en/training-services/flight-crew-training/. Air Baltic Training. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015-04-02 da. Olingan 2015-03-23.
  93. ^ "AFA Atlantic Flight Academy". www.afa.aero/. Atlantic Flight Academy. Olingan 19 iyun 2015.
  94. ^ "A320 Family Type Rating Training". www.afa.aero/. AFA - Atlantic Flight Academy. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015-04-02 da. Olingan 2015-03-30.
  95. ^ a b "Atlasjet pilot jobs Wiki". www.pilotjobsnetwork.com/. 2014 yil 15-dekabr. Atlasjet Pilot Jobs Situation: Current Situation: type rating + line training 100 hours for local via AFA
  96. ^ "ATC AircrewTraining Center". www.aircrewcenter.nl. Aircrew Center. Olingan 19 iyun 2015.
  97. ^ a b v d "TYPE RATING PROGRAM". www.aircrewcenter.nl. The Aircrew Training Center is preferred supplier for Enter Air and FARNAIR.
  98. ^ a b "Uchish mashqlari". www.enterair.pl/. Enter Air. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014-10-03 kunlari. Olingan 2015-03-30. Practical training [...] is divided into two phases: the first phase are school flights (on an "empty" plane); the second phase are trainee airline flights (scheduled flights).
  99. ^ Tiuchtij, Oksana. "Line Training Program agreement" (PDF).
  100. ^ "ATCT Aviation Training Center of Tunisia". www.atct.com.tn. ATCT. Olingan 19 iyun 2015.
  101. ^ a b v "G Air ATPL Tunisair". www.gairg.com/en/. G Air Training Center. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 3-iyulda. [...] A320 Type Rating [...] 300 hours of Line Training (A320) [...] Type Rating and Line Training with Tunisair and ATCT [...] Price: €118,000 Alt URL
  102. ^ Tarek Benaissi. "Our Training Services". www.atct.com.tn/index.php. Aviation Training Center of Tunisia. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015-04-02 da. Olingan 2015-03-24. Available courses: Type Rating
  103. ^ Tarek Benaissi; Hela Chiha. "ATCT - A320 Family JAA Type Rating Special Promotion" (PDF). www.atct.com.tn/index.php. ATCT.
  104. ^ Tarek Benaissi (September 1, 2012). "A320 JAA Type Rating + Base training + Line training available in ATCT Tunisia". www.atct.com.tn/index.php. Tarek Benaissi, Quality Manager at ATCT. A320 JAA Type Rating + Base training + Line training available in ATCT Tunisia, for more information please contact me : tarek.benaissiATatct.com.tn
  105. ^ "Atrans Aviation". www.atransaviation.com. Atrans Aviation. Olingan 19 iyun 2015. A-320 Type Rating + Line Training & Guaranteed 2+ years First Officer Job
  106. ^ "Vietnam - Airbus 320 - 500 Hours Line Training plus 1 year job contract" (PDF). www.atransaviation.com/. Atrans Aviation.
  107. ^ "Cambodia - Airbus 320 - 500 Hours Line Training plus 1 year job contract" (PDF). www.atransaviation.com/. Atrans Aviation.
  108. ^ Gabrielius BileviĊius. "EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM AviationCV" (PDF). www.aviationcv.com/. Aviation CV. 7-8, 10-betlar.
  109. ^ a b v d "Baltic Aviation Academy News Overview". www.balticaa.com/. Baltic Aviation Academy. 2012 yil 28 fevral. Baltic Aviation Academy has signed a new partnership contract with the Turkish airlines Atlas Jet. The agreement consists of line training package which enable pilots to gather 300-500 flight hours. Type rating contract was signed with Estonian Air.
  110. ^ a b "Gefahr im Cockpit: Der Germanwings-Absturz und die Folgen" (nemis tilida). Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2017-03-22. Olingan 2017-03-18.
  111. ^ "B737NG type-qualification program". pilot.cae.com/. Ryanair & CAE. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 2 aprelda. Olingan 31 mart 2015. Type Rating Course: € 28,500 excluding VAT (for courses starting before 31 March 2015) - € 29,500 excluding VAT (for courses starting on/after 01 April 2015)
  112. ^ a b "CAE Oxford Aviation Academy easyJet APP First Officer Plus Programme Now Open" (PDF). www.caeoaa.com. CAE Oxford. 2015 yil 15 aprel. Must self-fund Type, Base and Line Training including VAT at a cost of £38,400
  113. ^ David George (2013). "Terms and Conditions of Contract for Services" (PDF). brookfieldav.com/. Brookfield Aviation International Ltd. pp. 1, 5. The "Hirer" means Ryanair Plc [...] The company Representative will be responsible for the cost of line training flights (currently €150 per scheduled block hour (pshb)) for the company representative
  114. ^ a b v Jost Haugust (June 25, 2012). "Germania - company reference for Cockpit4U" (PDF). www.flygermania.de/en/. Germaniya. I personnaly have worked with Cockpit4u for many years both in my role as Post Holder Training and Type Rating Examiner [...] I highly recommend them [Cockpit4U] to any client or other airline as 100% reliable Type Rating Training Organization
  115. ^ "Type Rating". www.cockpit4u.com/en/start/. Cockpit4u. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015-04-02 da. Olingan 2015-03-24. Cockpit4u is the right partner for the type rating training you need.
  116. ^ Deckstein Dinah (March 30, 2013). "Prekariat am Himmel (Precarity in the sky)". Der Spiegel (in German) (14): 61. In dem Werbezettel offeriert die Berliner Firma Cockpit4u fertig ausgebildeten Flugzeugführern, die noch keine Praxiserfahrung haben, einen befristeten Vertrag als Erster Offizier bei einer "namhaften Airline". Gemeint ist die drittgrößte deutsche Linienfluglinie, Germania, auch wenn die in dem Werbeprospekt nicht konkret genannt wird.
  117. ^ Joseph Bohutnski (February 2, 2015). "Mladi piloti plaćaju Croatia Airlinesu 30.000 eura da nauče voziti avion (Young pilots pay Croatia Airlines 30,000 euros to learn to fly a plane)". www.vecernji.hr/ (xorvat tilida). Vecernji ro'yxati. (Applicants that must have 500 hours of flight time hourly pay 10 euros and are not only free labor but also pay to work)
  118. ^ "A320 TYPE RATING". Desert Training. Olingan 8 may, 2019. Price: 12000€
  119. ^ "737 NG TYPE RATING". Desert Training. Olingan 8 may, 2019. Price: 11000€
  120. ^ "A320 line training 200 / 500 HOURS". Olingan 8 may, 2019. Cost 52000€, for EASA & ICAO Pilots, 200 hours or 500 hours with job opportunities at the end of the training
  121. ^ "AGREEMENT" (PDF). 2018 yil 15-may. Olingan 18 may, 2018. Eagle’s partner airline BH Air from Bulgaria [...] Pilot agrees to pay Eagle the sum of Twenty Nine Thousand Five Hundred Euros (€29,500) [...] Three hundred (300) block hours from the right seat of A319/320 during Airline operations.
  122. ^ a b "ADDENDUM - Eagle Jet/Lion Air 737 NG agreement extract". lionair.co.id/. Lion Air.
  123. ^ a b v Deisy A., Arteaga. "Agreement NORDICA aviation group" (PDF). CockpitSeeker. Olingan 15 iyun, 2017. Pilot will fly with Eagle’s partner airline Nordic Aviation Group / Regional Jet OU from Estonia [...] student agrees to pay Eagle the sum of Thirty Nine Thousand Nine Hundred Euros (€39,900)
  124. ^ "Supplementary Statement Credit Application Boeing 737-900ER Type Rating" (PDF). cockpitseeker (golland tilida). ABN AMRO. Olingan 29 dekabr 2016. Cost Type Training: EUR 31.610,00
  125. ^ "Elite Sky Aviation". eliteskyaviation.com. Elite Sky Aviation. Olingan 2 mart 2016.
  126. ^ Posada Elechiguerra, Iñigo González. "BOEING 737-300 EFIS FIRST OFFICER" (PDF). eliteskyaviation.com. Madrid (Spain): General Manager Iñigo González‐Posada Elechiguerra. 2-3 bet. Olingan 2 mart 2016. This program is based in Eastern Europe, and it has a duration of 500 hours [...] PRICE: 39.900,00 € (VAT included) [...] 1.000,00 € before starting Airline Assessment phase.
  127. ^ "ETOPS Type Rating on ATR 42/72-500". www.etops.net/. ETOPS flight. 2013-09-24.
  128. ^ "ETOPS Type Rating on Airbus 320". www.etops.net/. ETOPS Flight. 2013-12-16.
  129. ^ "ETOPS Type Rating on Boeing 737NG". www.etops.net/. ETOPS Flight. 2013-12-16.
  130. ^ a b Gianfranco Giacchetti Director of Flight Operations Volotea. "Terms". www.ftejerez.com/. Volotea via FTE Jerez. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 24 sentyabrda. Olingan 20 may 2015. The price for The ATPL course, including the Volotea Boeing 717 Type Rating, is 140,500€, including VAT. This price is inclusive of the following: [...] The full Boeing 717 type rating course [...] a minimum of 125 hours line training
  131. ^ "Boeing 737 (300/500/700) line training and time building program (Europe)". www.avianation.com. Galain Aviation. 2009 yil 12 mart. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2015 yil 6 aprelda. Olingan 3 aprel, 2015. line training and time building program (Europe)
  132. ^ TUIfly Academy Brussels. "TUIfly Academy Brussels, Type Rating Training Organization (TRTO)" (PDF). www.jetairfly.com/. Jetairfly. p. 3. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi (PDF) 2015 yil 28 aprelda. Olingan 27 may 2015. [...] advanced pilot training [...] is provided to third party customers, amongst which some other airlines of the TUI-group. This includes Type rating Courses Alt URL
  133. ^ ANDRIES WHISTLE (May 25, 2015). "Jonge copiloot: "Ik zal niet toegeven dat ik te moe ben" (Young co-pilot: "I will not admit that I'm too tired")". www.demorgen.be/ (golland tilida). DeMorgen. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 27 mayda. Olingan 27 may 2015. Een net afgestudeerde piloot kreeg van de Antwerpse luchtvaartschool BAFA een voorstelomzo’n training te volgen voor Jetairfly. Kostprijs: 25 à 30 000 euro, zonder garantie op werk bij de Belgische carrier. Wie aanvaard wordt, krijgt alleen een tijdelijk contract voor een paar maanden. () Alt URL
  134. ^ "A320 JAA/DGCA/GACA/JCARC/DCAA Type Rating". knotsaviation.com/. Knots Aviation. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015-04-02 da. Olingan 2015-03-24. Knots Aviation provides the best type rating training at unbeatable price [...] Price Includes A320 Type Rating
  135. ^ "B737 NG JAA/DGCA/GACA/JCARC/DCAA Type Rating". knotsaviation.com/. Knots Aviation. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2013-09-14. Knots Aviation provides the best type rating training at unbeatable price [...] Price Includes B737 Type Rating
  136. ^ "Knots Aviation - Line Training". knotsaviation.com/. Knots Aviation. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2013-09-14. Knots Aviation offers Line Training on Airbus A320 Boeing CL/NG to the pilots in East Europe through its collaborative partnerships with reputed airlines.
  137. ^ a b "Laffair A320 Type Rating Program with Traineeship in Turkey". sim.aero. Sim Aviation Group. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2017 yil 3-fevralda. Olingan 3 fevral 2017. On behalf of Laffair Aviation, SIM Aviation Group [...] offer [...] Assessment Fee: EUR 600 [...] A320 TR Training Program with Traineeship up to 18 months - EUR 77, 000
  138. ^ Cavegn, Dario (February 15, 2016). "Fly with us, says the Nordic Aviation Group - no thanks, say pilots". News.err. News.err.ee. Olingan 29 dekabr 2016. Through Nordic Crew Management, NAG hires for a base salary plus hours flown, and at the same time hires based on pay-to-fly, which creates deductions to an already performance-dependent salary.
  139. ^ a b "Pegasus Airlines pilot jobs Wiki". www.pilotjobsnetwork.com/. 2009 yil 9 oktyabr. TR costs 18 000 euro. Plus 6000 euro for 100hrs line training 737
  140. ^ "Initial Line Training A320". www.initiallinetraining.com/. Planet Air. 2015 yil 18 may. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2015 yil 22 mayda. The contract will allow you to build a solid experience of 500 hours on type with a subsequent employment contract. This is a unique opportunity for candidates who are willing to invest into their future career. The costs of 50.000$US reflect the effort and professionalism of Planetair. Alt URL
  141. ^ "Vietnam Airlines Pilot Jobs". www.rishworthaviation.com/home.aspx. Rishworth Aviation. Rishworth Aviation is proud to be the preferred supplier of Vietnam Airlines (VNA) and has a strong and cooperative 14+ year relationship with the airline
  142. ^ Capt. To Ngoc Giang (January 26, 2015). "Line training project". www.vietnamairlines.com/vi/Welcome. Vietnam Airlines - flight crew division 919.
  143. ^ a b "Sky4u "training"" (PDF). TYPE RATING // LINE TRAINING - LT [...] Sky4u is solely offering contact to agencies worldwide providing Line Training Programs [...] We screen and assess, evaluate suitable candidates and hand out recommendations
  144. ^ "Crew Training". www.trtoagency.it/. TRTOagency. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015-02-10. Olingan 2015-03-30. A320, A330, Beechcraft Type ratings
  145. ^ "Vietjet Air". www.pilotcareercenter.com/. Pilot Career Center. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 18 mayda. Current Vietjet policy is for potential flight crew, including those eligible for upgrade to Captain, to pay cash up front for "training". This amount ranges from $25,000 USD up to and over $65,000. Alt URL
  146. ^ a b latestpilotjobs; Wingjet Aviation. "Type Rating+ 500 hours Line Training on BNA- Islander + LET-410" (PDF). What we provided: 1) Type Rating on Both Aircraft(BNA-Islander + LET-410) 2) Line training of 500 hrs (combined both aircraft) [...] 8) Cost of this program is 27,500 USD.
  147. ^ a b Wingjet Aviation. "Ta'lim" (PDF). 1) A-320 300 hours line training : 55000 Euro 2) A-320 500 hours line training : 66000 Euro [...] 1) B-737NG type rating+ 300 hrs line training program : 48,380 USD
  148. ^ "A320/B737 Type Rating 500H Line Training Program" (PDF). 500 hrs Line training program on B-737NG [...] Total cost for this program is 65,000 EURO
  149. ^ "Ryanair ontkent beschuldigingen uitbuiting piloten (Ryanair denies allegations exploitation pilots)". www.nu.nl/ (golland tilida). NU.nl. 2013 yil 3-dekabr. Olingan 26 may 2015. Ryanair spreekt de aantijgingen tegen dat jonge piloten geld betalen om bij de luchtvaartmaatschappij te mogen vliegen en zo werkervaring op te doen. Volgens een woordvoerder van de Ierse prijsvechter gaat het om valse beschuldigingen en krijgen alle piloten salaris uitbetaald. [...] Zij zouden 30.00 tot 50.000 euro moeten betalen om vier tot zes maanden te mogen vliegen.
  150. ^ airliner.de (March 6, 2015). ""Pay to fly" bei der Germania? "Das ist Quatsch"". www.airliners.de/ (nemis tilida). airliners.de. "Pay to fly" bei der Germania? Das ist Quatsch