Yarim kunlik hindlarning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi - The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian - Wikipedia

Yarim kunlik hindlarning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi
Vaqtinchalik ishlaydigan Indian.jpg-ning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi
Birinchi nashr muqovasi
MuallifSherman Aleksi
IllustratorEllen Forni
Muqova rassomiKirk Benshoff
MamlakatQo'shma Shtatlar
TilIngliz tili
JanrYosh kattalar uchun fantastika
NashriyotchiKichkina, jigarrang va kompaniya
Nashr qilingan sana
2007 yil 12 sentyabr[1]
Media turiChop etish (qattiq qopqoqli & qog'ozli qog'oz )
Sahifalar230
ISBN978-0-316-01368-0
OCLC154698238
LC klassiPZ7.A382 Ab 2007 yil

Yarim kunlik hindlarning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi a birinchi shaxs bayoni roman tomonidan Sherman Aleksi, a nuqtai nazaridan Tug'ma amerikalik o'spirin, kichik Arnold Ruh, shuningdek, "Junior" deb nomlanuvchi, 14 yoshli umidvor bola karikaturachi.[2] Kitob Juniorning hayoti haqida Spokanli hindlarni bron qilish va uning qaroriga binoanoq davlat litseyi rezervasyondan tashqari. Grafika romani syujetni rivojlantirishga yordam beradigan 65 ta kulgili illyustratsiyani o'z ichiga oladi.[3]

Garchi tanqidchilar tomonidan tan olingan bo'lsa-da, Mutlaqo haqiqiy kundalik ham tortishuvlarga sabab bo'ldi va doimiy ravishda yillik ro'yxatida paydo bo'ldi tez-tez tanqid qilinadigan kitoblar 2008 yildan beri.[4] Qarama-qarshiliklar romanda alkogol, qashshoqlik, bezorilik, zo'ravonlik, shahvoniylik, gomoseksualizm va aqliy nogironlik bilan bog'liq so'zlar tasvirlanganidan kelib chiqadi. Natijada, ba'zi maktablarda taqiqlangan dan kitob maktab kutubxonalari yoki o'quv rejalariga kiritish.[5]

Uchastka

Kitobda oilasi bilan birga yashaydigan o'n to'rt yoshli bola tasvirlangan Spokanli hindlarni bron qilish yaqin Wellpinit, Vashington o'quv yili uchun. Bu o'quv yilining boshidan yozning boshiga qadar epizodik kundalik uslubida aytiladi. Unda Juniorning o'z hayoti haqidagi yozma yozuvlari va multfilmdagi rasmlari, ba'zilari uning holatlarini kulgili sharhlar, boshqalari esa hayotidagi muhim odamlarni yanada jiddiyroq aks ettirishni o'z ichiga oladi.Mutlaqo haqiqiy kundalik Juniorning tug'ma nuqsonlari, shu bilan birga tug'ilganligi bilan tanishishdan boshlanadi gidrosefali va shuning uchun uning yoshiga ko'ra kichik va tutqanoq, ko'zi ojizligi, duduqlanish va duduqlanishdan aziyat chekadi. Natijada, Junior har doim zahiradagi boshqa odamlar tomonidan tanlangan. Juniorning oilasi o'ta qashshoq va imkoniyatlardan foydalanish imkoniyati cheklangan. Juniorning iti Oskar issiqlik urishi bilan kasallanganida, otasi uni qo'yib yuborishi kerak, chunki ular uni veterinarga olib borishga qodir emaslar. Kichkintoyning bolalikdagi yagona do'sti - Roudi, uyda zo'ravonlikka uchragan sinfdoshi va rezervasyondagi bezori sifatida tanilgan. Roudi o'zining qo'rqinchli roliga qaramay, ko'pincha "Junior" ni himoya qiladi va ular bolalarning komikslaridan bahramand bo'lishadi. Juniorning o'rta maktabdagi birinchi kuni roman syujetida muhim rol o'ynaydi. Uning geometriya o'qituvchisi janob P unga darsligini topshirganda, u kitob hech bo'lmaganda eski bo'lishi kerakligini anglab, unda onasining ismini ko'radi. Rezervasyonning juda yomonligi va yangi darsliklarni sotib olishga qodir emasligidan g'azablanib va ​​g'amgin bo'lib, Junior janob Pning yuziga urilgan va burnini sindirgan kitobni zo'rlik bilan uloqtiradi. U uyda Juniorga tashrif buyurganida, janob P Juniorni boshqa joyga ko'chirishga ishontiradi Reardan O'rta maktab, yosh o'spirinning beparvolik darajasini sezadi. Reardan shahri Wellpinitdan ancha boyroq - Junior - maskarddan tashqari, Reardan shahridagi yagona hindistonlik.[2] Garchi Juniorning oilasi kambag'al bo'lsa-da va maktab 22 mil uzoqlikda joylashgan bo'lsa-da, transport ishonchli emas, ammo ular uni qo'llab-quvvatlaydilar va yangi maktabda qolishlari uchun qo'llaridan kelgan barcha ishni qilishadi. Ammo Roudi Juniorning transfer qaroridan xafa bo'ldi va bir paytlar eng yaxshi do'stlar yil davomida juda kam aloqada bo'lishdi.

Junior maktabning eng taniqli oq tanli qizi Penelopaga bo'lgan muhabbatini rivojlantiradi va Gordiy ismli aqlli o'quvchi bilan do'st bo'lib qoladi. Uning oq tanli talabalar bilan o'zaro munosabati unga oq madaniyat va uning madaniyati haqida yaxshi nuqtai nazar beradi. U oq tanli otalarning ko'pchiligi hech qachon bolalarining maktabdagi tadbirlariga kelmasligini payqab, uning oilaviy rishtalari oq tanli sinfdoshlariga qaraganda qanchalik kuchli ekanligini tushunadi. Junior shuningdek, oq tanli o'quvchilar u bilan birga o'sganidan boshqacha qoidalar borligini tushunadi, bu uning maktab yulduzi sportchi Rojerning yuziga musht tushirish bilan haqoratlanishiga munosabat bildirganda aniq bo'ladi. Junior uni zaxirada kutganidek urdi va u Rojerdan qasos olishni kutmoqda. Ammo Rojer hech qachon qilmaydi; aslida Rojer va uning do'stlari Juniorga ko'proq hurmat ko'rsatishadi. Junior shuningdek Penelopaga yaqinlashadi, bu esa uni maktabdagi boshqa qizlar orasida ko'proq mashhur qiladi.

Rojer Juniorni basketbol jamoasida sinab ko'rishni taklif qiladi va Juniorni ajablantirishi uchun u o'zining sobiq maktabi Wellpinitga va xususan Wellpinitning yangi yulduzi bo'lgan Roudiga qarshi kurash olib boradigan jamoani tuzadi. Ularning birinchi uchrashuvi Juniorga odamlar uning transferdan qanchalik g'azablanishini ko'rsatib berishdi: u sudga kirganida, ular uni xo'rlashadi va haqorat qilishadi. O'yin davomida Rovdi Juniorning boshiga tirsak qo'yib, hushidan ketmoqda. O'yindan biroz jarohat olayotganda, Junior va uning murabbiyi yanada yaqinroq bo'lishadi, chunki Murabbiy Juniorning jamoaga sodiqligini qoyil qoldirishini aytdi. Keyinchalik, Junior bu rezervasyonda eng ko'p ko'rgan buvisi mast haydovchi tomonidan urilib o'ldirilgan. Buvisining dafn marosimidan so'ng, oilaviy do'sti Eugene, alkogol tufayli janjallashgan do'sti Bobbi tomonidan yuziga o'q uziladi. Yaqinlari vafot etgani haqida qayg'uga botgan va o'ylaganidan so'ng, Junior basketbol jamoasining "Wellpinit" ga qarshi ikkinchi o'yinida o'ynaydi. Reardan g'alaba qozonadi va Junior Rowdy-ni to'sib qo'yadi. Uellpinit o'yinchilarining mag'lubiyatidan keyin yuzlarini ko'rmaguncha va o'z uylarida qanday qiyinchiliklarga duch kelganlarini va kelajakka umidlari yo'qligini eslamaguncha Junior o'zini g'olib deb biladi; uyalib, kiyinish xonasiga yuguradi, u erda qusadi va keyin ko'z yoshlari bilan eriydi. Keyinchalik, Junior treylerida yong'inda halok bo'lgan singlisi va erining o'limi haqida xabar oladi.

Yil davomida Junior va uning oilasi ko'plab fojialarga duch kelishdi, aksariyati spirtli ichimliklarni suiiste'mol qilish bilan bog'liq. Ushbu voqealar Juniorning kelajakka bo'lgan umidini sinab ko'radi va uni bron qilish madaniyatining qorong'u jihatlari haqida hayratga soladi. Bundan tashqari, qahramon o'zining yangi, oq tanli maktabiga moslashish va hind merosini ushlab qolish zarurati o'rtasida ajralib turadi, bu esa uni o'z jamoasining tanqidiga uchraydi. Ushbu qiyinchiliklarga qaramay, ular unga oilasi va yangi do'stlari uni qanchalik sevishini tushunishga yordam berishadi va u o'zini hindu ham amerikalik sifatida ko'rishni o'rganadi. Shu bilan birga, Rovdi Juniorning rezervasyondagi yagona ko'chmanchi ekanligini tushunadi, bu esa uni shaharda yashovchilarga qaraganda ko'proq "an'anaviy" hindlarga aylantiradi. Oxir oqibat, Junior va Roudi basketbol o'ynab yarashishadi va kelajak ularni qayerga olib borishidan qat'iy nazar yozishishga qaror qilishadi.

Fon

Muallif, Sherman Aleksi, 2008 yilda Texas kitob festivalida

Yarim kunlik hindlarning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi yarim avtobiografik.[6] Roman Sherman Aleksining oilasi bo'limi sifatida boshlangan xotira, lekin yosh kattalar muharririning qat'iyatidan so'ng, u o'zining birinchi yosh kattalar romani uchun asos sifatida foydalanishga qaror qildi.[7] Sherman Aleksie: "Agar foizlar bo'yicha taxmin qilsam, bu etmish sakkiz foizga to'g'ri keladi", deb izoh berdi. [8] Arnold singari, Sherman Aleksie ham spirtli otasi bilan Wellpinitdagi Spokane qo'riqxonasida o'sgan.[9][10] U ham tug'ilgan gidrosefali, ammo Aleksida nutqda nuqsonlar bo'lmagan.[11] Aleksini, shuningdek, hukumat tomonidan chiqarilgan, shoxli gardishli ko'zoynagi uchun masxara qilishgan va uning bahaybat boshi tufayli hamkasblari "Globus" laqabini olishgan.[9] Aleksi va uning fe'l-atvori Arnoldning yana bir o'xshashligi shundaki, Aleksi zahiradan o'rta maktabga borish uchun ketgan Reardan baland, ammo Aleksi kollejga borish uchun zarur bo'lgan kreditlarni olish uchun Reardanga borishni tanladi.[9] Aleksi Reardan basketbol jamoasining yulduz o'yinchisiga aylandi va maktabning maskotidan tashqari jamoadagi yagona hindistonlik edi.[9] Arnold onasidan o'ttiz yil oldin onasi o'qigan xuddi shu darslikdan foydalanayotganini ko'rgan sahna Aleksining boshidan kechirgan. Aleksining hayoti va romanidan yagona farq shundaki, Aleksi g'azablanib kitobni devorga uloqtirdi va Junior singari hech kimni urmadi.[8]

O'zining yozishlarida Aleksi o'ziga xos tarzda "aralashgan, g'alati, g'ayritabiiy emas. Men shaharga ketgan rez bolam va shu haqida yozaman. Men hech qachon boshqacha ko'rinishga ega bo'lmaganman" deb ta'riflaydi.[12] "Aqlli hindu xavfli odam," deydi Aleksi shaxsiy esse-sida, - [aqlli hindiston] hindular va hinduliy bo'lmaganlar tomonidan juda qo'rqishadi va masxara qilinadi. [13] Junior bu tajribani o'z qabila jamoatchiligi tomonidan ham, o'zining yangi maktabida o'qiyotgan Reardan singari tengdoshlari va o'qituvchilari tomonidan qattiq tanqidga uchraganida qamrab oladi. Shaxsiy hikoyada Aleksining o'z tajribasini doimiy ravishda tushuntirib berishi Juniorda aks etadi.[13] Aleksi shunday deb eslaydi: "Men har kuni sinfdoshlarim bilan jang qilardim. Ular hindu bo'lmagan o'qituvchi javob so'raganda, ular jim turishimni xohlashdi ... [W] e hindistonlik bolalar edi, ular ahmoq bo'lishlari kerak edi. ... [W] e hindu bo'lmagan dunyoda muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchrashi kutilgan edi. " [13] Juniorning Reardandagi muvaffaqiyati va rezervasyondagi hayot haqidagi tushunchalari orqali Aleksi mahalliy amerikalik bolalarni muvaffaqiyatga erishish imkoniyatini anglatadi - u muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraydi degan umidni engib, Junior ijtimoiy chegaralarni kesib o'tib, noqulay vaziyatlarni engib chiqadi.[13] Aleksining mulohazalari yana Juniorning tajribalari yarim avtobiografik ekanligini namoyish etadi.

Belgilar

Agnes (Adams) Spirit (Juniorning onasi)
A Spokane hind, Agnes butun hayotini rezervatsiya bilan yashadi. U yomon yolg'onchi, kitob o'qishni yaxshi ko'radi va bolalari uni juda aqlli deb bilishadi. U sobiq alkogol va Juni uni ekssentrik deb biladi: "U odam magnitofon", - tushuntiradi Junior, "Darhaqiqat, onam gazetani o'n besh daqiqada o'qiydi va menga beysboldagi natijalarni, har bir urushning joylashgan joyini, Lotereyani yutgan eng so'nggi yigit va yuqori harorat Des Moines, Ayova."[a]
Arnold Ruh (Juniorning otasi)
Ichkilikboz, ammo juda qo'llab-quvvatlovchi. Ba'zida u yo'qolib qolsa ham, u o'z oilasiga g'amxo'rlik qilishga harakat qiladi va u ko'pincha Juniorni Reardanga haydaydi. U pianino, gitara va saksofonda chaladi. U ko'proq vaqt va pul berib, jaz musiqachisi bo'lishi mumkin edi.[a]
Arnold Spirit kichik AKA Junior
Kichik laqabli Arnold - o'n to'rt yoshli bola Spokanli hindlarni bron qilish. U bo'sh vaqtlarida basketbol o'ynashni va karikaturalarni chizishni yaxshi ko'radi. Kichkintoy va uning oilasi, shuningdek, zahiradagi boshqalar bilan birga qashshoqlik va moliyaviy kamchiliklarning kundalik ta'sirini his qilishadi - ko'pincha ularning uylarida ovqat eyish yoki mashinadagi benzinni to'ldirish uchun etarli pul yo'qligi, uni avtostopga chiqishga majbur qiladi. maktabga yoki umuman bormayman. U nihoyatda aqlli; u rezervasyondan maktabdan deyarli barcha o'quvchilar oq tanli Reardanga ko'chib o'tadi.
Murabbiy: Reardan o'rta maktabining basketbol jamoasi murabbiyi. Juniorning Reardanga tashrif buyurishidan qo'rqqan o'qituvchilardan farqli o'laroq, murabbiy Juniorning musobaqasiga ahamiyat bermaydi. U maydonda ham, maydon tashqarisida ham Juniorni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.[b] Murabbiy ko'p jihatdan Junior uchun ota figurasiga aylanadi, shuningdek, namunali do'stga aylanadi, Juniorga uy rezervatsiyasiga qarshi o'ynashda qiyin paytlarda yordam beradi. Roman har doim unga nom bermaydi, chunki u doim murabbiy deb nomlanadi.
Tong
Arnold Ruh o'n ikki yoshida, bu qizni yaxshi ko'rardi. Bu uning birinchi sevgisi edi. Rovdiga Penelopani sevishini aytganda, u Dawn haqida o'ylardi:
Evgeniya: Juniorning otasining eng yaxshi do'sti. "Eugene yoqimli yigit edi va menga amakidek, lekin u doim mast edi"[c] Junior ochib beradi. U qabila tezyordam xizmati uchun shoshilinch tibbiyot texnikasi (EMT) bo'ladi va qisqa vaqt ichida 1946 yildagi haydovchini boshqaradi Hindiston bosh yo'l boshqaruvchisi. Eugene yaqin do'sti Bobbi alkogol ichidagi mojaro paytida uning yuziga o'q uzganidan keyin vafot etadi. Bobbi qamoqda o'zini osib qo'ydi.
Gordy
Gordi - Reardanga tashrif buyuradigan, ko'zoynak taqadigan va hamma narsani ilm-fan nomi bilan qiladigan talaba. Gori romani davomida doimo murakkab va to'g'ri uslubda gapiradi. U maktabdagi eng aqlli o'quvchilardan biridir va u oxir-oqibat Juniorning Reardan'dagi birinchi haqiqiy do'stiga aylanadi. Gordy shuningdek, Juniorga maktab ishlarida yordam beradi va kitob o'qishdan zavqlantiradi.
Ruh buvisi
Kichkintoyning buvisi. U Junior-ning maslahat va qo'llab-quvvatlovchisidir, chunki u kuch-quvvatdan keyin uyiga ketayotib, yo'l chetida ketayotganda mast haydovchi tomonidan urilib o'lgan. Uning o'layotgan so'zlari "Uni kechir" degani edi, bu uning oilasi mast haydovchi Jeraldni urib o'ldirgani uchun kechirilishini istashini anglatardi. Ajablanarlisi shundaki, u hayotida hech qachon ichmagan. U shuningdek, nihoyatda bag'rikeng va hamma odamlarga mehribon edi. Juniorning buvisi bu dunyodagi eng sevimli odam. "Mening buvimning er yuzidagi so'nggi harakati kechirim, sevgi va bag'rikenglikka chaqiruv edi", deb eslaydi Junior 157-betda.[d]
Meri
Juniorning singlisi. Meri uzun sochli va unga "Meri qochib ketadi" laqabini berishgan. U romantik hikoyalar yozishni yaxshi ko'radi va Junior uni "chiroyli va kuchli va kulgili" deb biladi. U aqlli edi, lekin ishga joylashish uchun mahoratga ega emas edi.[e] O'rta maktabdan keyin u kollejga bormadi yoki ishga joylashmadi; o'rniga, u bronga kazinoda uchrashgan yangi eri bilan Montanaga ko'chib o'tdi. Maryam va uning yangi eri mehmonxonadagi oshpaz qaynab turgan qozonni unutganidan so'ng, ularning uyidagi yong'inda vafot etdilar. Issiq taxtaga parda tushdi va tirkama tezda qamrab olindi. Juniorga Meri hech qachon uyg'onmaganligini aytdi, chunki u juda mast edi.
Melinda
Reardan o'rta maktabining ofisida ishlaydi. U 50 yoshda.
Janob P
Wellpinit o'rta maktabining oq geometriya o'qituvchisi. U Juniorning singlisi Maryamga ustozlik qildi va Juniorga rezervasyondan chiqib ketishiga yordam berishni xohlaydi. Janob P yoshligida talabalariga bo'lgan munosabatidan afsuslanadi. Unga hindularni bolalar orasidan urishni o'rgatishgan. U kalta va kalli va aql bovar qilmaydigan darajada g'ayratli. U tez-tez maktabga kelishni unutadi, lekin "u [o'quvchilaridan] ko'p narsani kutmaydi".[f] Katta burilish nuqtasi Kundalik'Uchastka, Junior rezervasyonning qashshoqligi to'g'risida tushunib etgandan keyin matematik kitobini janob P ga tashlaganida sodir bo'ladi.
Penelopa
Juniorning sevgisi va Reardan High-dan yaxshi do'sti. Uning sochlari sariq va Junior uni juda jozibali deb o'ylaydi. U boshqalarga yordam berishni yaxshi ko'radi bulimik, va Irl ismli irqchi otasi bor. U mashhur va Reardan voleybol jamoasida o'ynaydi. U kichik shaharchani tashlab, dunyo bo'ylab sayohat qilish bilan ovora. Dastlab u shaharning mos kelishidan to'yib, Junior bilan yaqin bo'lishga qaror qildi; lekin romanning oxiriga yaqinroq, u qiladi Juniorning qiz do'sti bo'l.
Rojer
Rojer a jok Reardan o'rta maktabida. Junior bilan uchrashgandan so'ng, Rojer uni kamsitish uchun irqiy laqablardan foydalanadi va oxir-oqibat shu qadar irqchilikka beriladiki, Junior uning yuziga musht tushirib, qasos oladi. Juniorning kutganidan farqli o'laroq, Rojer keyinchalik Juniorni hurmat qila boshlaydi va ikkalasi ham asta-sekin do'stlashadilar. Bundan tashqari, Rojer Juniorga maslahatchi va himoyachi sifatida rol o'ynaydi, vaqti-vaqti bilan unga pul va boshqa vaqtlarda maslahat bilan yordam beradi.
Rowdy
Roudi Juniorning eng yaqin do'sti.[14] U "uzun va oriq va ilondek kuchli".[g] Butun roman davomida Rovdining otasi unga nisbatan qo'pol muomalada bo'lib, bu uning bezoriga o'xshash xatti-harakatiga olib keladi. Kabi komikslarni o'qishni yoqtiradi, masalan Archi. Komikslar unga haqiqiy dunyodagi qiyinchiliklardan xalos bo'lishga yordam beradi. Junior va Rovdi kichikligidanoq eng yaxshi do'stlar bo'lgan va Roudi ko'pincha Juniorning himoyachisi rolini o'ynagan. Biroq, Junior rezervatsiya maktabini tark etar ekan, Roudi o'zining eng yaqin do'sti tomonidan xiyonat qilganini his qiladi va roman davomida Juniorning "bosh dushmani" ga aylanadi.[14] Roudi xiyonat qilish orqali Juniorga nisbatan ehtirosli nafratni kuchaytirsa ham, ular oxir-oqibat o'zlarining holatlarini engib, roman oxiriga kelib yana do'st bo'lishadi.
Ted
Bu milliarder buvining ruhiy dafn marosimiga pauowow raqs kiyimini qaytarish uchun kelgan. Ammo kiyimni hech kim tanimadi, shuning uchun u haydab ketdi.

Qabul qilish

Sharhlar

Bryus Barkot ning The New York Times 2007 yilgi sharhda shunday dedi: "Endi Sherman Aleksi 15 yil davomida hind va oq olamning silliqlash plitalari o'rtasida omon qolish uchun kurashni o'rganib chiqdi. U buni turli xil belgilar va janrlar orqali amalga oshirdi, ammo Yarim kunlik hindlarning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi hali uning eng yaxshi asari bo'lishi mumkin. 14 yoshli bolaning ovozi bilan ishlash Aleksini hamma narsani harakat va hissiyotlarga berkitishga majbur qiladi, shunda o'qish sizning aqlli, kulgili eng yaqin do'stingizni tinglash kabi bo'lib, maktabdan keyin uyga qaytish uchun kutib turganda kunini eslaydi. "[15]

The New York Times Alekseyning "bu yosh kattalar janridagi birinchi yutug'i va uni o'zlashtirish uchun unga faqat bitta kitob kerak edi", deb o'yladi.[15] San-Fransisko xronikasi uni "azobga to'la buyuk kitob, ammo baxtga ko'ra, og'riq quvonch va hazil bilan charchagan" deb maqtagan.[16]

Shuningdek, sharhlovchilar Aleksining qiyin masalalarga munosabati haqida fikr bildirdi. Delia Santos, uchun noshir civilrights.org sahifasida qayd etilishicha, "Aleksi ko'plab tub amerikaliklar boshidan kechirgan qiyin sayohatni aks ettirish uchun so'zlar va tasvirlarni birlashtirmoqda.… Junior yoshi ulg'aygan bo'lsa-da, u qashshoqlikda yashash haqiqatiga duch kelishi, rezervatsiyadan tashqarida bo'lganlarning kamsitilishiga qarshi turishi kerak; alkogolizmdan vayron qilingan va tez-tez o'ldirilgan jamoat va oila bilan kurashish, umuman Oq maktabda madaniy to'siqlarni buzish va yaxshi kelajakka umid qilish va ishlash uchun zarur bo'lgan qat'iyatlilikni saqlash. "[17][18] Uchun noshir Endryu Fersch Vail Daily, "ko'pchilik odamlar o'zlarining o'smirlik xotiralarini blokirovka qiladilar, Aleksi esa uni hazil bilan qabul qildi".[19]

Tomonidan 2016 yil noyabr oyida nashr etilgan boshqa sharhda Dakota talabasi veb-sayt, muallif Breanna Roen, bu kitobni hech qachon ko'rmaganligini aytdi, Yarim kunlik hindlarning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi, juda ko'p baxt, muhabbat va qayg'uga ega.[20] Aleksining ushbu romandagi asarini boshqa tub Amerika kitoblari bilan taqqoslab bo'lmaydi; bu "umuman boshqacha to'p o'yini", deydi Roen.[20] Tadqiqotda shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, shaxsiyat, uy, irq, qashshoqlik, urf-odat, do'stlik, umid va muvaffaqiyatga oid mavzular butun kitob davomida ko'rinadi va o'quvchilarni o'z joylarida qoldirib, ko'proq istaydi.[20] Roenning aytishicha, u kitobni deyarli qo'ya olmagan va shunga o'xshash narsani izlayotgan.[20]

Sharhda "Jasur hayot: tub amerikalik bolakayning haqiqiy kurashlari ko'nglini ko'taruvchi voqeani yaratmoqda" The Guardian, muallif Diane Samuelsning aytishicha, Aleksining kitobida "chizmalar, jumboqli iboralar, samimiylik, fojia, umidsizlik va umid birlashgan ... [bu] buni ko'ngil ochish uchun emas, balki shimoliy amerikalik hindistonlik bola haqida qiziqarli hikoyadan ko'ra ko'proq qiladi. uni kimligi va qaerdaligi bilan aloqasini yo'qotmasdan, qashshoq, o'lik fondan chiqaradi. "[21] Ba'zi sohalarda Samuels Aleksining karikaturalarga uslubiy jihatdan ishonishini tanqid qilmoqda.[21] Biroq, uning so'zlariga ko'ra, ko'pincha Sherman Aleksi tafsilotlarni va obzorni yaxshi rivojlangan va tezkor tarzda olish qobiliyatiga ega.[21] Samuels o'zining sharhini quyidagicha bayon qiladi: "Ushbu kitobni ochish, siz hech qachon haqiqiy hayotingizda hech qachon topa olmaydigan do'stingiz bilan uchrashishga va unga uning dunyosidan, ichki va tashqi qismidan bahramand bo'lishga o'xshaydi. Bu insonparvar, sahih va, eng muhimi, bu gapiradi. "[21]

Sharhda "Foydalanish Yarim kunlik hindlarning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi irqiy shakllanish to'g'risida ta'lim berish " Mayami universiteti professor Kevin Talbertning aytishicha, Aleksi o'z o'quvchilarini "noqulay yoki nomuvofiq joylarga" tashish uchun voqeani o'n to'rt yoshli Juniorning ko'zlari bilan aytib berishni tanlagan.[22] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, roman yozuvi sinfiy va irqiy kurashlar mavzularini jinsiy istaklar, gormonlarni boshqarish va do'stlar va oila a'zolari bilan munosabatlarni boshqarish kabi o'spirinlar uchun keng tarqalgan kurashlar bilan birlashtirishga imkon beradi. Bundan tashqari, Talbert, boshqa yosh kattalar romanlaridan farqli o'laroq, bu kitobda irq va sinf masalalari kengroq auditoriyani qamrab oladigan tarzda tasvirlangan deb hisoblaydi.[22] Maqolada, shuningdek, Juniorning romandagi rivoyati jamiyatga "o'spirinlar aytadigan muhim narsalari borligi, o'n to'rt yoshga to'lishi muhim" degan xabarni yuborishi aytilgan.[22]

Tanqidiy talqin

Konnektikutdagi Yozish loyihasi direktori, doktor Bryan Ripley Crandall Fairfield universiteti, "O'spirin adabiyotini o'qiyotganda nogironlik nuqtai nazarini qo'shish: Sherman Aleksining Yarim kunlik hindlarning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi"bu kitob nogironlikning ilg'or ko'rinishini taqdim etadi.[23] Arnoldda "miyada suv" deb nomlangan narsa bor, uni to'g'ri gidrosefali deb atash mumkin. Crandall ta'kidlashicha, Arnoldni nogironligi hech qachon tiyib turmaydi, lekin aslida o'zi ustidan kuladi: "Katta oyoqlarim va qalam tanam bilan men yo'l bo'ylab ketayotgan L poytaxtiga o'xshardim".[1] Crandallning so'zlariga ko'ra, Ellen Fornining Arnold chizgan karikaturalari bo'lishi kerak bo'lgan illyustratsiyasi nogiron hikoyachining o'quvchilar bilan muloqot qilishining yangi usulini anglatadi: ular "talabalar o'zlarini boshqalarni qanday qabul qilishlari to'g'risida qo'shimcha izohlash va suhbatlar boshlashadi". ular singari, ayniqsa nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslar. "[23] Arnoldning gidrosefali uning yangi maktabida basketbol yulduziga aylanishiga to'sqinlik qilmaydi. Uning nogironligi kitob rivojlanib borishi bilan fitna qurilmasi sifatida yo'qoladi.[1]

Devid Goldstayn "Muqaddas halqa orzulari: basketbol Sherman Aleksi ijodida" maqolasida basketbolning romandagi ahamiyatini tahlil qiladi. U "an'anaviy hayot yo'llari va zamonaviy ijtimoiy voqeliklar o'rtasidagi ziddiyatlarni" ifodalaydi.[24] Goldsteinning so'zlariga ko'ra, Junior / Arnold basketbolda yutqazishni "hayotda yutqazish" deb biladi. Reardan bolalari kortdagi g'alabalari tufayli abadiy g'oliblar: "O'sha bolalar ajoyib edi".[1] Goldshteyn qanday qilib Amerikada basketbol qashshoqlikning sport turi ekanligini ta'kidlaydi - "bu o'ynash uchun deyarli hech qanday xarajat talab qilinmaydi va bron uchun ham mos keladi".[24]

Nerida Veylendning "Komedik yosh kattalar fantastikasida baxtning namoyishlari: baxtsizlar" deb yozgan maqolasida, Junior / Arnold zamonaviy yosh kattalar adabiyotida tez-tez taqdim etiladigan, beg'ubor bo'lmagan bolaning namunasi ekanligi tasvirlangan.[25] Alyson Millerning "Yosh guruhiga mos kelmagan: bolalar adabiyotining janjallari" da batafsil bayon etilganidek, jamiyat "idealizatsiyalangan bolaning aybsizligini" yaratdi; Aleksining qahramoni bu raqamga qarama-qarshi.

Veylendning so'zlariga ko'ra, Aleksi qoidalarga bo'ysunmaydi - kitobda hazildan foydalanish o'rnatilgan "hokimiyat ierarxiyalari, hukmron ijtimoiy mafkuralar yoki tabu deb hisoblangan mavzularga" qaratilgan.[25] Veylendning ta'kidlashicha, kitobning ushbu xususiyati ta'sirchanligi, uning nashr etilishi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan tortishuvlarda aniqlanadi, chunki u butun mamlakat maktablarida taqiqlangan va unga qarshi chiqilgan.[25] Veylendning ta'kidlashicha, Aleksining Fornining qora komediya illyustratsiyasi bilan yozilgan kitobida "irqiy zo'ravonlik, oiladagi zo'ravonlik va ijtimoiy adolatsizlik" mavzularida misli ko'rilmagan tarzda tadqiq qilingan.[25] Misol tariqasida Aleksi Juniorning iti Oskarni o'ldirish haqidagi latifani ijtimoiy harakatchanlik g'oyasini kengaytirish yoki uning etishmasligi uchun ishlatadi - Junior, itni veterinarga olib borishdan ko'ra nima uchun o'ldirish kerakligini tushunganligini aytadi, chunki uning ota-onasi kambag'al edi va ular "kambag'al odamlardan kelib chiqqan kambag'allardan kelib chiqqan, birinchi kambag'al odamlarga qaytib boradigan yo'l".[25][26] Veylend o'quvchilarga qorong'u komediya yordamida Junior (Arnold / Aleksi) bunday muhim mavzular (irqchilik, qashshoqlik, alkogolizm) ni yoritishda noqulaylik tug'dirishi mumkinligini ta'kidlaydi.[25]

Mukofotlar

Aleksie uchta "yilning eng yaxshi" mukofotlarini qo'lga kiritdi Kundalik, mahalliy amerikaliklar va ular haqidagi kitoblar uchun har ikki yilda bir mukofot va har yili so'nggi to'rt yilni qamrab olgan Kaliforniya mukofoti. Mukofotlar quyida keltirilgan:

Kundalik Qo'shma Shtatlarning kutubxona sohasi tomonidan (shu jumladan taqiqlanmagan) bir nechta yillik ro'yxatlarga kiritilgan.

Qarama-qarshilik

Yarim kunlik hindlarning mutlaqo haqiqiy kundaligi kitobning mavzusi va mazmuni va uning yosh kattalar uchun mo'ljallangan auditoriyasi tufayli ko'plab tortishuvlarning markazida bo'lgan. Kitobda jonkuyar tarafdorlar ham, tashvishlanayotganlar ham bor: "ba'zi odamlar uni eng buyuk kitob, ba'zilari esa eng buzuq kitob deb o'ylashdi", - deydi Jorjiya maktab okrugining noziri Shoun Tobin.[34]

Tsenzura

Kitobda tortishuvlarga sabab bo'lgan mavzular madaniy befarqlik, provokatsion va ochiq-oydin so'zlar, shahvoniy yoki oilaga qarshi bo'lgan sahnalar, xristianlarga qarshi tarkib, alkogolizm va bezorilik va zo'ravonlik tasvirlari.[35]

Antiox Township, Illinoys (2009)

Mahalliy ota-onalar kitobda alkogolizm, nozik madaniy mavzular va shahvoniy narsalarga ishora qilishadi: 7 iyun boshida Antioxiya ota-onalar kitobni o'quv dasturidan olib tashlashni iltimos qilish uchun 117-tuman maktab kengashi yig'ilishida qatnashdilar.[36] Biroq, ziddiyatlar ortidan roman Antioxiya o'rta maktabining o'quv dasturida taqiqlanmagan. Buning o'rniga ingliz tili bo'limi yozgi o'qish uchun muqobil variantni - o'qishni afzal ko'rgan talabalarni taqdim etdi Jon Xart "s Daryo pastga bunga ruxsat berilgan.[37]

Krok okrugi, Oregon (2009)

Yilda Prinevill, Oregon ota-onalardan biri maktabda kengashga qanday qilib masturbatsiya haqida ma'lumot berilganligi va umuman noo'rin ekanligi to'g'risida e'tiroz bildirdi. Bunga javoban Krok okrugi Maktab okrugi kitobni vaqtincha sinfxonalardan olib tashlagan. Olib tashlashni qo'llab-quvvatladilar, ammo kitob maktab kutubxonalarida o'quvchilar uchun mavjud bo'lib qoldi.[37]

Stokton, Missuri (2010)

Bir ota-ona zo'ravonlik, til va shahvoniy mazmundan shikoyat qilib, Stokton maktabining tuman kengashiga shikoyat qildi. Kengash ushbu kitobni maktab kutubxonalariga kirishni taqiqlashga ovoz berdi. Qarorga bir necha bor ovoz berildi, ammo oxir-oqibat taqiq o'z kuchida qoldi.[37]

Nyukasl, Vayoming (2010)

2010 yilda Vayominning Nyukasl O'rta Maktabiga qo'shilishga harakat qilindi Kundalik uning 8-sinf ingliz tili o'quv dasturida. Dastlab, tuman o'qishga ruxsat berilmagan bolalar muqobil kitobni o'qishga ruxsat beruvchi imzolangan qog'ozni olib kelishlari sharti bilan bunga yo'l qo'ydi. Mandarin. 8-sinf o'quvchilariga e'lon qilinganidan taxminan ikki hafta o'tgach, maktab kengashi uni o'quv dasturida o'qitishni taqiqladi, ammo uni o'qishni istaganlar uchun kutubxonada ruxsat berdi.[38]

Helena, Montana (2011)

2011 yilda Helena maktab okrugidagi ota-onalardan biri bu kitobning "odobsiz, qo'pol va pornografik tilga" qarshi chiqishiga qarshi chiqdi. Biroq, maktab okrugi maktabda kitobni saqlab qolish uchun ovoz berdi.[37]

Richland, Vashington (2011)

2011 yilda Richland davlat o'rta maktabining 9-sinf Til san'ati o'qituvchisi tajriba o'tkazdi Kundalik o'z o'quv dasturida va o'quvchilari yordamida maktab kengashiga kitobning o'rta maktab o'quv dasturiga kiritilganligi to'g'risida xabar berdi.[39] Sinfdagi o'quvchilarning ota-onalari o'qituvchining kitobga qiziqishi haqida oldindan ogohlantirildi; Natijada, ota-onalar, agar xohlasalar, o'z o'quvchilarini romanni o'qishdan chetlashtira oldilar.[39]

2011 yil iyun oyida maktab kengashi kitobni butunlay maktabdan olib tashlash uchun 3-2 ovoz berdi. Kengash a'zolari kitobni o'qimagan edilar, ammo "Ta'lim materiallari" qo'mitasining ikkiga bo'lingan ovozini romanni taqiqlash uchun sabab sifatida ko'rsatdilar.[39]

Keyinchalik kengash a'zolari O'quv materiallari qo'mitasining ba'zi a'zolari kitobni o'qimaganliklarini bilib oldilar va shu sababli kengash a'zolari yana ovoz berishga rozi bo'lishdi, lekin ovoz berishdan oldin uni o'zlari o'qib chiqdilar.[40] 2011 yil 11-iyul kuni maktab kengashi 4-1dan oldingi qarorini bekor qilish uchun ovoz berdi.[40]

Dade County, Gruziya (2012)

2012 yilda Dade County okrugidagi kutubxonalardan kitob olib tashlandi va "qo'pollik, irqchilik va xristianlarga qarshi tarkib" haqidagi shikoyatlar tufayli o'rta maktab o'quvchilarining ro'yxatlari talab qilindi.[37]

Mattapoisett, Massachusets (2012)

2012 yilda Old Rochester mintaqaviy o'smirlar o'rta maktabida kitob 8-sinf uchun ingliz tili bo'yicha topshiriq sifatida qabul qilindi, ammo oxir-oqibat maktab uni saqlab qoldi.[37]

Union County, Nyu-Jersi (2012)

2012 yilda ushbu kitob 9-sinf ingliz tili darslarida bahslashdi Westfield o'rta maktabi "kitobdagi juda nozik materiallar, shu jumladan pornografiya, irqchilik, diniy beparvolik va kuchli tilni rag'batlantiruvchi boshqa aniq jinsiy ma'lumotnomalar orasida onanizm haqida parchalar." Biroq, maktab kengashi kitobni o'quv dasturining bir qismi sifatida saqlab qolishga qaror qildi.[37]

Yakima, Vashington (2013)

Sherman Aleksiningniki Kundalik edi da'vo qildi uning uyi Vashington shtatida, yarim avtobiografik ish o'rnatilgan joydan bir necha soatgina uzoqroqda. Bu shuni anglatadiki, turli xil odamlar ushbu kitobdagi ba'zi bir tarkib, mavzu yoki tilga qarshi chiqishgan. Kitobning o'rta maktab o'quvchilari uchun mosligi to'g'risida tortishuv bo'lib o'tgan G'arbiy vodiy maktab maktabi 2013 yilda. Xususan, ko'plab ota-onalar ushbu kitobda o'rta maktab o'quvchilari uchun yaroqsiz va shahvoniy mazmundagi mazmundagi so'zlar borligini da'vo qilishgan.[41]

Hozirgi kunga kelib, ushbu kitob haqida yozib olingan to'rtta rasmiy shikoyat mavjud.[41] Natijada, Aleksining kitobi 10-sinfdan olib tashlandi va talab qilinadigan o'qish o'rniga 11 va 12-sinflar uchun qo'shimcha adabiyotlar yaratildi.[41]

Queens, Nyu-York (2014)

Kvinsdagi o'rta maktab olib tashlandi Kundalik maktab o'rta maktab o'quvchilari uchun noo'rin deb hisoblagan onanizmga oid ma'lumotlar tufayli kerakli o'qishdan.[37]

Billings, Montana (2014)

Kitob Skyview High School-ning 10-sinf o'quvchilarining ro'yxatiga kiritildi, u erda bir ota-ona shikoyat qildi: "Bu kitob hayratlanarli, o'z xalqining barcha salbiy stereotiplarini kuchaytiradigan va uni qo'pol, odobsiz, va rezervasyonda o'sib-ulg'aygan 9-sinf o'quvchisining filtrsiz nuqtai nazari. " Kitob maktablar ro'yxatidan chiqarilmagan.[37]

Jefferson okrugi, G'arbiy Virjiniya (2013)

Jefferson okrugidagi ota-ona romanning grafika xususida shikoyat qildi, natijada kitob barcha tuman maktablaridan tortib olindi.[37]

Sweet Home, Oregon (2014)

Sweet Home Junior yuqori ingliz tili sinf o'quvchilarining ba'zi ota-onalari kitobning mazmuni, xususan ayollar va yosh qizlarning ob'ektivligi to'g'risida tashvish bildirdilar. Xavotirlar kitob rasmiy ravishda e'tirozga sabab bo'ldi.[37]

Aydaho shtatidagi West Ada maktab okrugi (2014)

2014 yil aprel oyida, Kundalik roman mavzusiga ota-onalarning jiddiy noroziligidan so'ng Meridian tumani qo'shimcha o'qish ro'yxatidan chiqarildi.[42] Kitob 2010 yildan beri uning o'quv dasturining bir qismi bo'lib kelgan. Talabalar taqiqni olib tashlash uchun norozilik bildirishdi, ammo muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lishdi.[42]

Marshall universiteti kutubxonalari ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 2015 yilda Meridian (ID) maktablaridagi talab qilinadigan matnlarda ota-onalar "onanizmni muhokama qiladi, behayo so'zlarni aytadi va xristianlarga qarshi deb qaraladi" deb shikoyat qilganliklari sababli taqiqlangan.[43]

Brunsvik, Shimoliy Karolina (2014)

2014 yil 1 iyulda Shimoliy Karolina shtatining Brunsvik shahrida yashovchi buvisi shikoyat bilan murojaat qildi Kundalik Sidar Grove o'rta maktabida. Ikki hafta o'tgach, maktabning Media bo'yicha maslahat qo'mitasi yig'ilib, bir ovozdan kitobni o'quv dasturida saqlashga rozi bo'ldi, chunki qo'mita "bezorilik va irqchilikni real tasvirlashda, shuningdek, bag'rikenglik va madaniy farqlarni anglashda" muhim ahamiyatga ega.[44] Buvisi Frensis Vud "uning kitobi axloqiy jihatdan qabul qilinmaydi ... Undagi hamma narsa qadrsizlanmoqda. Unda hech qanday ko'taruvchi narsa yo'q" degan qat'iy qaror bilan apellyatsiya shikoyati bilan chiqdi.[45]

Bir yil o'tgach, Vud kitobni yana bir bor e'tiroz qildi, bu safar West Brunswick o'rta maktabida. G'arbiy Brunsvik o'rta maktabining direktori bir necha kundan keyin okrug maktab kengashining siyosati okrugdagi barcha maktablar uchun o'tkazilgan kitob to'g'risidagi qaror va shu qarorlarni qayta ko'rib chiqish mumkin emasligi haqida javob berganida, Vud bu kitobga qarshi noroziligini yo'qotdi. ikki yil.[46]

Highland Park, Texas (2015)

2015 yilda Highland Park mustaqil maktab okrugining boshlig'i to'xtatildi Kundalik maktab tomonidan tasdiqlangan kitoblar ro'yxatidan. To'xtatilish juda qisqa edi va nazoratchi kitobni ko'p o'tmay tikladi.[37]

Xastings-On-Gudson, Nyu-York (2020)

In 2020, the book was assigned to an 8th grade English Language Arts class at Farragut Middle School. Upon being read aloud in class, it was reported that this caused "emotional discomfort" and that members of the school community felt "uncomfortable and marginalized while reading and discussing this book."

The book is "no longer being read or discussed in class."

Defense of the novel

Alexie has defended the novel by emphasizing the positive learning opportunities readers gain from exposure to these harsh aspects of contemporary life. He describes his own experience of adults trying to hide and protect him from suffering:

"all during my childhood, would-be saviors tried to rescue my fellow tribal members. They wanted to rescue me. But, even then, I could only laugh at their platitudes. In those days, the cultural conservatives thought that KISS and Black Sabbath were going to impede my moral development. They wanted to protect me from sex when I had already been raped. They wanted to protect me from evil though a future serial killer had already abused me. They wanted me to profess my love for God without considering that I was the child and grandchild of men and women who’d been sexually and physically abused by generations of clergy."[47]

Alexie said that students were also able to connect his story to their own difficult experiences with "depression, attempted suicide, gang warfare, sexual and physical abuse, absentee parents, poverty, racism, and learning disabilities". He noted:

"I have yet to receive a letter from a child somehow debilitated by the domestic violence, drug abuse, racism, poverty, sexuality, and murder contained in my book. To the contrary, kids as young as ten have sent me autobiographical letters written in crayon, complete with drawings inspired by my book, that are just as dark, terrifying, and redemptive as anything I’ve ever read."[47]

The book has been credited with addressing the experiences and issues faced by Native American students in the public school system.[48]

Some have even discussed the merits of the book while also mentioning the risks of exposing children to the harsher scenes. In an essay on censorship, young adult fiction author Raquel Rivera wrote:

"It is an excellent book and happens to have much useful material for a boy entering his teens... But there is a scene in Part-Time Indian in which a racist joke is told, and the protagonist is compelled to fight. For me, the joke was nothing more than a tool to propel the plot. In the story it is duly vanquished and forgotten. But the joke stayed with my son, and he continued to be bothered by it."[49]

Historical trauma of the Spokane Indians

The autobiographical nature of the novel reflects the internal struggle for identity that Alexie dealt with as a child. His personal experiences then tie into the idea of the trauma that Native American tribes live with as they still struggle to balance assimilation with identity. This phenomenon has been explored and analyzed since the publication of the novel.

Jan Johnson, clinical assistant professor of American Indian and African American Literatures at the University of Idaho, utilizes Alexie's novel to explore the idea of marginalization and oppression in Native American communities in her article, "Healing The Soul Wound".[50] Johnson identifies the "soul wound," the deep-seated trauma Native Americans have endured since colonization and continue to struggle with.[50] This term explains how the consistent depiction of Native American people as suffering and helpless has become ingrained into their identity.[50] Johnson writes, "Alexie feels that—as a result of this grim history—suffering and trauma are fundamental to the experience of being Native American. Ceaseless suffering attains an epistemological status." [50] Johnson uses the novel to illustrate her thoughts about the future of the Native American culture. The Spokane Indians, and tribes like them, face the trauma of searching for an identity in a world that attempts to envelop one's culture. Johnson argues that Alexie uses Kundalik to represent the potential for healing the traumas that Native American tribes have faced throughout history.[51]

Yilda Sherman Alexie, A Collection of Critical Essays, critics Jeff Burglund and Jan Roush interpret Jan Johnson's definition of the soul wound as "intergenerational suffering." [52] On pages 10 and 11 of Kundalik, Alexie elaborates on the concept of generational poverty when he reveals that Junior's family is too poor to care for the family's sick dog: "My parents came from poor people who came from poor people who came from poor people, all the way back to the very first poor people," he writes.[53] Junior is "wounded," which Alexie shows through Junior's alcoholic father, his misguided sister, and his defeating social life. Orqali Kundalik, Alexie aims to make a larger statement about the need for change in both the internal structure and the external perception of Native American communities in the United States.[13] Columbus and his men colonized the new land they encountered in horrid ways that diminished Native people of anything they had. Violent invasions by Columbus and his crew left the Indians with nothing to call their own. Sacred land, animals, plants, and relatives were all lost during the time of what Maria Yellow Brave Heart and Lemyra DeBruyn called the "American Indian Holocaust." [51] The ones that were somewhat fortunate enough to stay alive were brainwashed of everything they knew, and were forced to believe and follow the religious practices of the Christian faith despite the fact it was not what they believed in. The Indians were also forced to relocate and leave everything, which led to many of them dying due to illness or unbearable conditions they had to walk in.[54] Some Native peoples are still affected by this trauma.[54] Many argue that "historical unresolved grief" is the cause of high crime rates and mental health issues among Native American people today.[54] Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart and Lemyra DeBruyn explain the meaning behind "historical disenfranchised grief" and how it is overlooked by Americans. American Indians are experiencing disenfranchised grief because of how this group of people was and still is seen as savage, emotionless, and lacking of right or reason to mourn and grieve.[54]

Multicultural literature

There are many arguments for why The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is an example of multicultural literature. A textbook called Sherman Alexie in the Classroom was recently published in order to help teachers and educators explore how multicultural texts can impact the learning outcome of students––especially for Native Americans in the modern times. This text explores the significance and the message behind the works of Sherman Alexie, including poetry, novels, films strips, and much more.

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is a multicultural text that many English teachers use in order to educate their students about the Native American heritage. The author, Alexie, himself is of the Spokane heritage, and as a result, he uses his own background and personal experiences to write this specific novel in a semi-autobiographical format.[55] Teachers refer to the textbook, Sherman Alexie in the Classroom, to claim that the book provides an opportunity to educate non-Native American students to "work through their white guilt and develop anti-racist perspectives." [55]

In an interview, Alexie stated that, "The primary audience is college-educated white women, so that's who reads everything. If you want to talk about an indication of that--certainly this book is geared towards young adults, but I was at the American Library Association convention in DC a couple of weeks ago, and there were something like 15,000 librarians there and 99 percent of them were white women so ... Thank God ... they seem to be the people most willing to ignore barriers and boundaries and to reach across, so that's who my audience is in reality. In this book, specifically, I'm really hoping it reaches a lot of native kids certainly, but also poor kids of any variety who feel trapped by circumstance, by culture, by low expectations, I'm hoping it helps them get out."[56]

Alexie also wants his "literature to concern the daily lives of Indians. [He] think[s] most Native American literature is so obsessed with nature that [he doesn't] think it has any useful purpose". Alexis was quoted saying, "There's a kid out there, some boy or girl who will be that great writer, and hopefully they'll see what I do and get inspired by that".[57]

Furthermore, Alexie's texts encourage educators to initiate discussions in their classrooms about the Native American culture as a whole.[55] Many stereotypes of Native Americans exist in the United States; therefore, many people have erroneous views of what modern Native Americans' lives are like. 11th and 12th grade English teacher, Bryan Ripley Crandall, believes that learning about different cultural backgrounds creates a diverse learning environment.[58] Crandall also states that the Native American narrative of Alexie's book is a way of giving minority students an access to their own background and heritage within an American education.[58] Therefore, Alexie's multicultural literature of The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian provides an expanded perspective of the daily lives of Native Americans living on the reservation in today's world.[55]

OAV

Audiokitob

Muallif Sherman Aleksi himself narrates the audiokitob ning The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian, which has won many awards for its creation of an idiosyncratic, first-person voice.[59] "Alexie is the perfect choice to read his own story," notes critic Kristi Jemtegaard.[59] Alexie is able to convey the messages that the missing cartoons, caricatures, and sketches reveal in the printed text.[59] Alexie, who has experience as an notiq, won the Taos Poetry Circus World Heavyweight Championship award three years in a row for his oratorical virtuosity.[9]

Filmni moslashtirish

Ga binoan Hollywood Reporter, in December 2016, Fox 2000 studios acquired the rights to produce The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. The producing team consists of Hugh Jackman, Wyck Godfrey, Isaac Klausner, and Lauren Shuler Donner. The film is currently under development, and a set release date has not been announced as of yet.

Adabiyotlar

The Absolutely True Diary

  1. ^ a b Alexie, p. 13.
  2. ^ Alexie, p. 148.
  3. ^ Alexie, p. 70.
  4. ^ Alexie, p. 157.
  5. ^ Alexie, p. 28.
  6. ^ Alexie, p. 32.
  7. ^ Alexie, p. 15.

Boshqalar

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  2. ^ a b "Sharhlar". Publishers Weekly. 254 (33): 70–71. 2007.
  3. ^ Attenberg, Jami (2007). "Absolutely Fabulous". Chop etish. 61 (5): 16. Olingan 5 mart 2012.
  4. ^ admin (2013-03-26). "Frequently Challenged Books". Advocacy, Legislation & Issues. Olingan 2018-02-08.
  5. ^ McNamee, Gregory (2011). "Absolutely True Tales of Censorship". Kirkus sharhlari. 79 (16).
  6. ^ Alexie, Sherman (2009-04-01). Maktab kutubxonasi jurnali. ISBN  978-0316013697.
  7. ^ Margolis, Rick (2007). "Mening qo'shiqim". Maktab kutubxonasi jurnali. 53 (8): 29. Olingan 5 mart 2012.
  8. ^ a b v "Fiction and Poetry Award Winner: The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian". Horn Book Magazine. 85 (1): 25–28. 2009.
  9. ^ a b v d e Klin, Lin (2000). "About Sherman Alexie". Plowshares. 26 (4): 197.
  10. ^ Barcott, Bruce (November 11, 2007). "Off the Rez". The New York Times. Olingan 1 avgust, 2011.
  11. ^ "StarTribune Books". Startribune.com. Olingan 2013-09-23.
  12. ^ Peterson, Nancy J. (2009). Conversations with Sherman Alexie. Jekson: Missisipi universiteti matbuoti. p. 58. ISBN  1604732806.
  13. ^ a b v d e Aleksi, Sherman. "The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me." The Most Wonderful Books: Writers on Discovering the Pleasures of Reading.Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, 1997. Print, 130.
  14. ^ a b "Rowdy in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". www.shmoop.com. Olingan 2016-11-07.
  15. ^ a b Barcott, Bruce (November 11, 2007). "Off The Rez". The New York Times. New York City: New York Times Date = November 11, 2007. Olingan 9 mart, 2011.
  16. ^ Reyhan, Harmanci (September 30, 2007). "Sherman Alexie's new novel takes teen off the rez". San-Fransisko xronikasi. San Francisco: SFGate. Olingan 9 mart, 2011.
  17. ^ "Civil Rights Book Club: The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". Civilrights.org. 2010 yil 1 oktyabr. Olingan 2015-04-15.
  18. ^ Santos, Delia (October 1, 2010). "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". Olingan 9 mart, 2011.
  19. ^ Fersch, Andrew (October 20, 2007). "Book Review: The Absolutle True diary of a Part time Indian". Vail Daily. Olingan 9 mart, 2011.
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  21. ^ a b v d Samuels, Diane (October 3, 2008). "A Brave Life: The real struggles of a Native American boy make an uplifting story, writes Diane Samuels". Ko'rib chiqish. Olingan 17-noyabr, 2016 - The Guardian orqali.
  22. ^ a b v Talbert, Kevin (2012). "Using The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian To Teach About Racial Formation" (PDF). Journal of Curriculum Theorizing. 28: 266–271 – via Project Muse.
  23. ^ a b Crandall, Bryan Ripley (2009). "Adding a Disability Perspective When Reading Adolescent Literature: Sherman Alexie's The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". ALAN Review. 179: 71–78.
  24. ^ a b Goldstein, David (2009). "Sacred Hoop Dreams: Basketball in the Work of Sherman Alexie". Ethnic Studies Review: The Journal of the National Association for Ethnic Studies. 32: 77–88. doi:10.1525/esr.2009.32.1.77.
  25. ^ a b v d e f Wayland, Nerida. "Representations of Happiness in Comedic Young Adult Fiction: Happy are the Wretched." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 7 (2015): 86+. Literature Resource Center; Gale. Internet
  26. ^ Alexie, Sherman (2007). The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. Kichkina, jigarrang va kompaniya. p. 15. ISBN  978-0-316-01368-0.
  27. ^ "National Book Awards – 2007". Milliy kitob fondi (NBF). Qabul qilingan 2012-04-15.
    (Aleksi tomonidan qabul qilingan nutq, Aleksey bilan intervyu va boshqa materiallar, qisman beshta "Yosh xalq adabiyoti" mualliflari va kitoblari uchun takrorlangan.)
  28. ^ Alter, Alexandra (March 28, 2018). "Canceled Deals and Pulped Books, as the Publishing Industry Confronts Sexual Harassment". Maqola. Olingan 30 mart, 2018 - The New York Times orqali.
  29. ^ "Odisseya mukofoti sovrindorlari va audiokitoblarning faxriy mukofotlari, 2008 yildan hozirgi kungacha". ALSC. ALA. Qabul qilingan 2012-04-19.
  30. ^ "G'oliblar". Kaliforniya yosh kitobxon medali. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011-05-27 da. Olingan 2011-05-08.
  31. ^ "SLJ's Best Books of 2007". Schoollibraryjournal.com. 2008-07-21. Olingan 2012-04-16.
  32. ^ "Best Books for Young Adults". Young Adult Library Services. 6 (3): 20–22. 2008.
  33. ^ "2009 Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults". Young Adult Library Services. 7 (3): 30–31. 2009.
  34. ^ "Dade County removes novel from school library and reading list". timesfreepress.com. Retrieved 2016-11-30.
  35. ^ Schaub, Maykl. "The most banned and challenged books of 2014". latimes.com. Olingan 2016-11-30.
  36. ^ Fuller, Ruth (June 22, 2009). "Some Parents Seek to Ban 'The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". Olingan 2016-11-30.
  37. ^ a b v d e f g h men j k l "Banned Books." Marshall University Libraries, Marshall University, 2015, www.marshall.edu/library/bannedbooks/books/parttimeindian.asp. Accessed 5 Dec. 2017.
  38. ^ "Weston County School District #1". Schoolwebpages.com. Olingan 20-noyabr, 2011.
  39. ^ a b v "Banning Sherman Alexie Book Does Not Help Students". American Civil Liberties Union of Washington. 2011-06-27. Olingan 2016-12-06.
  40. ^ a b "Book Ban Reversed: Sherman Alexie Novel Back in Richland Classrooms". American Civil Liberties Union of Washington. 2011-07-13. Olingan 2016-12-06.
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  44. ^ "Brunswick County school decides against banning book". WWAY TV3. 2014-07-15. Olingan 2016-11-30.
  45. ^ "Woman continues fighting to ban book in Brunswick County". WWAY TV3. 2014-07-20. Olingan 2016-11-30.
  46. ^ "Brunswick Co. Schools won't consider book challenge". WWAY TV3. 2015-04-27. Olingan 2016-11-30.
  47. ^ a b Alexie, Sherman (June 9, 2011). "Why the Best Kids Books Are Written in Blood". The Wall Street Journal. Olingan 12 iyul, 2011.
  48. ^ Vogt, Matthew T. (2016). "Designing a Reading Curriculum to Teach the Concept of Empathy to Middle Level Learners" (PDF). O'rtadan kelgan ovozlar. 23 (4): 38–45 – via ProQuest.
  49. ^ Rivera, Raquel. "Freedom to Read and the Stories we Need." Canadian Children's Book News 34, no. 4 (Fall; 2017/11, 2011): 4. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&u=wash43584&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA273615915&asid=28535dccca028208db63bcfeb3580eb5.
  50. ^ a b v d Johnson, Jan. "Healing the Soul Wound in Flight and The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian." Healing the Soul Wound, by Eduardo Duran, Teachers College Press, 2006, 227.
  51. ^ a b Johnson, Jan (2010). "Healing the Soul Wound in Flight and The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". Sherman Aleksie: Tanqidiy insholar to'plami: 224–237.
  52. ^ Berglund, Jeff and Jan Roush. Sherman Alexie : A Collection of Critical Essays. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2010. /z-wcorg/. Web, 36.
  53. ^ Alexie, p.11
  54. ^ a b v d Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart; Lemyra M. DeBruyn (1989). "The American Indian Holocaust: Healing Historical Unresolved Grief". Amerikalik hind va Alyaskada mahalliy ruhiy salomatlik tadqiqotlari. 8 (2): 56–78. PMID  9842066.
  55. ^ a b v d Rave, Jodi (September 27, 2008). "Author Puts Native Life in the Classroom". Rapid City Journal. Tucows Domains Inc. Olingan 3 dekabr, 2016.
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