The New York Times - The New York Times

The New York Times

Bosib chiqarishga yaroqli barcha yangiliklar
Muqovasi The New York Times (26.03.2018)
Turi	Kundalik gazeta
Formatlash	Brooksheet
Egalari)	The New York Times kompaniyasi
Ta'sischi (lar)	Genri Jarvis Raymond Jorj Jons
Nashriyotchi	A. G. Sulzberger
Bosh muharrir	Din Baquet
Muharrirni boshqarish	Monika Dreyk
Fikr muharriri	Ketlin Kingsbury (aktyorlik)[1]
Sport muharriri	Jeyson Stallman[2]
Fotosurat muharriri	Mishel McNally
Xodimlarning yozuvchilari	1300 yangiliklar shtabi (2016 yil)[3]
Tashkil etilgan	1851 yil 18-sentyabr; 169 yil oldin (1851-09-18) (kabi Nyu-York Daily Times)
Bosh ofis	Nyu-York Tayms binosi, 620 Sakkizinchi avenyu Nyu-York, Nyu-York, BIZ.
Mamlakat	Qo'shma Shtatlar
Sirkulyatsiya	Kunlik 571,500[4] Yakshanba, 1.087.500[4] Faqatgina 9000000 raqamli[5] (2016 yil may (yakshanba) / noyabr (har kuni) holati bo'yicha (faqat raqamli) 2018 yil avgust)
ISSN	0362-4331 (chop etish) 1553-8095 (veb)
OCLC raqam	1645522
Veb-sayt	nytimes.com nytimes3xbfgragh.onion (Havola yordamidan foydalanish )
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari ommaviy axborot vositalari Gazetalar ro'yxati

The New York Times (Nyu-York yoki NY Times) Amerikaning har kuni gazeta asoslangan Nyu-York shahri dunyo miqyosidagi ta'sir va o'quvchi bilan.^[6][7] "Kul xonim" laqabini olgan,^[8] The Times uzoq vaqt davomida ushbu soha ichida milliy sifatida qabul qilingan "yozuvlar gazetasi ".^[9] 1851 yilda tashkil etilgan ushbu gazeta shu vaqtgacha g'olib chiqdi 130 Pulitser mukofotlari, boshqalarga qaraganda ko'proq.^[10] Bu tartiblangan Aylanmasi bo'yicha dunyoda 18-o'rin va AQShda 3-o'rin^[11]

Qog'oz egasi The New York Times kompaniyasi, bu ommaviy savdoda. U Sulzbergerlar oilasi tomonidan 1896 yildan beri, uning aktsiyalari ommaviy savdoga qo'yilgandan so'ng, ikki sinfli aktsiyalar tarkibi orqali boshqarib kelinmoqda.^[12] A. G. Sulzberger va uning otasi, Artur Ochs Sulzberger kichik. - gazeta noshiri va kompaniya rais navbati bilan - oilani qog'ozga rahbarlik qiladigan to'rtinchi va beshinchi avlodlar.^[13]

1970-yillarning o'rtalaridan boshlab, The New York Times juda kengaytirdi maket va tashkilot, muntazam yangiliklar, tahririyatlar, sport turlari va xususiyatlarini to'ldiruvchi turli xil mavzular bo'yicha haftalik maxsus bo'limlarni qo'shish. 2008 yildan beri,^[14] The Times quyidagi bo'limlarga bo'lingan: Yangiliklar, Tahririyat maqolalari /Fikrlar -Ustunlar /Op-Ed, Nyu-York (poytaxt), Biznes, Sport, San'at, Ilm-fan, Uslublar, Uy, sayohat va boshqa xususiyatlar.^[15] Yakshanba kunlari Times bilan to'ldiriladi Yakshanba sharhi (avval Haftada ko'rib chiqish),^[16] The New York Times Book Review,^[17] The New York Times jurnali,^[18] va T: The New York Times Style jurnali.^[19]

The Times bilan qoldi keng jadval ko'p sahifalar oltitaga o'tgandan keyin bir necha yil davomida to'liq sahifani o'rnatish va sakkiz ustunli format,^[20] va qabul qilingan so'nggi gazetalardan biri edi rangli fotosurat, ayniqsa, birinchi sahifada.^[21] Gazetaning shiori: "Bosib chiqarishga yaroqli barcha yangiliklar", oldingi sahifaning yuqori chap burchagida ko'rinadi.

Tarix

Ning birinchi nashr etilgan soni Nyu-York Daily Times, 1851 yil 18 sentyabrda

Kelib chiqishi

Birinchi sahifa The New York Times 1914 yil 29 iyulda e'lon qildi Avstriya-Vengriya ning deklaratsiyasi urush qarshi Serbiya

The New York Times sifatida tashkil etilgan Nyu-York Daily Times 1851 yil 18 sentyabrda.^[a] Jurnalist va siyosatchi tomonidan asos solingan Genri Jarvis Raymond va sobiq bankir Jorj Jons, Times dastlab tomonidan nashr etilgan Raymond, Jones & Company.^[23] Kompaniyaning dastlabki investorlari kiritilgan Edvin B. Morgan,^[24] Kristofer Morgan,^[25] va Edvard B. Uesli.^[26] Bir tiyinga sotilgan (31 ga teng)¢ Bugun)^{[qachon? ]}, birinchi nashr uning maqsadi va chiqarilishidan oldingi pozitsiyalari bo'yicha turli xil taxminlarni ko'rib chiqishga urindi:^[27]

Biz bo'lamiz Konservativ, biz konservatizmni jamoat manfaati uchun muhim deb biladigan har qanday holatda ham - va shunday bo'lamiz Radikal bizga radikal davolash va tubdan isloh qilishni talab qiladigan har qanday narsada. Biz bunga ishonmaymiz hamma narsa Jamiyatda aynan to'g'ri yoki to'liq noto'g'ri; - biz yaxshilikni saqlab qolish va yaxshilashni xohlaymiz; - yomonlik, yo'q qilish yoki isloh qilish.

1852 yilda gazeta g'arbiy bo'linmani boshladi, The Times of California, qachon kelgan bo'lsa pochta kemasi Nyu-Yorkdan kirib keldi Kaliforniya. Biroq, Kaliforniyadagi mahalliy gazetalar taniqli bo'lganidan keyin bu urinish muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi.^[28]

1857 yil 14 sentyabrda gazeta o'z nomini rasman qisqartirgan New-York Times. Shahar nomidagi tire 1896 yil 1-dekabrda olib tashlangan.^[29] 1861 yil 21 aprelda, The New York Times kundalik yoritishni taklif qilish uchun yakshanba nashrini nashr etishni boshladi Fuqarolar urushi. Lardan biri dastlabki jamoat bahslari bilan bog'liq edi Mortara ishi, yigirma tahririyat mavzusi Times yolg'iz.^[30]

Ning asosiy idorasi The New York Times paytida hujumga uchragan Nyu-York shahridagi loyihadagi tartibsizliklar. Uchrashuv instituti tomonidan qo'zg'atilgan tartibsizliklar Ittifoq armiyasi, 1863 yil 13-iyulda boshlangan. "Gazeta qatori ", qarshi tomondan hokimiyat, hammuassisi Genri Raymond tartibsizliklarni to'xtatdi Shitirlash qurollari, dastlabki avtomatlar, ulardan birini o'zi boshqargan. Olomon bekor qiluvchi noshirning shtab-kvartirasiga hujum qilish o'rniga, boshqa tomonga burildi Horace Greeley "s New York Tribune tomonidan qochishga majbur bo'lguncha Bruklin shahar politsiyasi, kim kesib o'tgan Sharqiy daryo yordam berish Manxetten hokimiyat.^[31]

1869 yilda Genri Raymond vafot etdi va Jorj Jons nashriyotni boshladi.^[32]

Times maydonidagi bino, The New York Times' nashriyot shtabi, 1913–2007

1870 va 1871 yillarda gazetaning ta'siri bir qator ekspozitsiyalarni nashr etganda o'sdi Uilyam Tvid, shahar rahbari Demokratik partiya - xalq nomi bilan mashhur "Tammany zali "(uning 19-asr boshidagi yig'ilish shtabidan) - bu Tweed Ring-ning Nyu-York meriyasidagi hukmronligining tugashiga olib keldi.^[33] Tvid taklif qilgan edi The New York Times besh million dollar (107 ga teng) 2019 yilda million dollar) hikoyani nashr qilmaslik uchun.^[24]

1880-yillarda, The New York Times asta-sekin qo'llab-quvvatlashdan o'tdi Respublika partiyasi nomzodlar tahririyatlarida siyosiy jihatdan mustaqil va tahliliy bo'lishga intilishadi.^[34] 1884 yilda qog'oz qo'llab-quvvatlandi Demokrat Grover Klivlend (sobiq meri qo'tos va Nyu-York gubernatori ) uning ichida birinchi prezidentlik kampaniyasi.^[35] Bu harakat xarajat bo'lsa-da The New York Times ko'proq ilg'or va respublikachilar orasida o'z o'quvchilarining bir qismi (daromad 1883 yildan 1884 yilgacha 188000 dollardan 56000 dollargacha pasaygan), gazeta bir necha yil ichida yo'qolgan mavqeining aksariyat qismini tikladi.^[36]

Ochs davri

Jorj Jons 1891 yilda vafot etganidan keyin, Charlz Ransom Miller va boshqalar Nyu-York Tayms muharrirlari sotib olish uchun 1 million dollar (2019 yilda 28 million dollarga teng) yig'ishdi Times, ostida chop etish Nyu-York Tayms nashriyot kompaniyasi.^[37][38] Biroq, gazeta o'zini moliyaviy inqirozga uchratdi 1893 yilgi vahima,^[36] va 1896 yilga kelib gazeta 9000 dan kam tirajga ega bo'lib, kuniga 1000 dollar yo'qotmoqda. O'sha yili, Adolph Ochs, nashriyoti Chattanooga Times, 75000 AQSh dollari evaziga kompaniyaning nazorat paketiga ega bo'ldi.^[39]

Qog'ozni boshqarishni o'z zimmasiga olganidan ko'p o'tmay, Ochs gazetaning "Barcha yangiliklar chop etishga yaroqli" shiori bilan chiqdi. Ushbu shior 1896 yil sentyabrdan beri gazetada paydo bo'ldi,^[40] va 1897 yil boshidan boshlab birinchi sahifaning yuqori chap burchagidagi qutiga bosilgan.^[35] Shiori, masalan, raqobatbardosh hujjatlarda jab edi Jozef Pulitser "s Nyu-York dunyosi va Uilyam Randolf Xerst "s Nyu-York jurnali asrning oxiriga qadar ta'riflangan "noaniq, shov-shuvli va tez-tez noto'g'ri ma'lumotlar va fikrlarni xabar qilish bilan mashhur bo'lgan"sariq jurnalistika ".^[41] Ochs rahbarligi ostida, yordam bergan Karr Van Anda, The New York Times erishilgan xalqaro miqyosi, muomalasi va obro'si; Yakshanba kuni tiraj 1896 yilda 9000 dan 1934 yilda 780000 gacha ko'tarildi.^[39] 1904 yilda, davomida Rus-yapon urushi, The New York Times, bilan birga The Times, birinchi joyida qabul qildi simsiz telegraf dengiz jangidan etkazish: yo'q qilinganligi to'g'risida hisobot Rossiya dengiz floti "s Boltiq floti, da Port-Artur jangi, press-qayiqdan Xaymun.^[42] 1910 yilda birinchi havo etkazib berish The New York Times ga Filadelfiya boshlangan.^[35] 1919 yilda, The New York Times' birinchi transatlantik etkazib berish London tomonidan sodir bo'lgan bemalol balon. 1920 yilda, davomida 1920 yilgi respublikachilarning milliy anjumani, "4 AM AM Airplane Edition" yuborilgan Chikago samolyotda, shuning uchun u kechqurungacha qurultoy delegatlari qo'lida bo'lishi mumkin.^[43]

Urushdan keyingi kengayish

The New York Times yangiliklar xonasi, 1942 yil

Ochs 1935 yilda vafot etdi,^[44] va kuyovi tomonidan noshir sifatida muvaffaqiyat qozondi, Artur Xays Sulzberger.^[45] Uning rahbarligida va kuyovining (va vorisining)^[46]), Orvil Dryfoos,^[47] qog'oz 1940-yillardan boshlab kengligini va kengayishini kengaytirdi. The Bosh qotirma 1942 yilda muntazam ravishda paydo bo'lishni boshladi va moda bo'limi birinchi marta 1946 yilda paydo bo'ldi. The New York Times 1946 yilda xalqaro nashrni boshladi. (Xalqaro nashr 1967 yilda nashr etishni to'xtatdi, qachon The New York Times egalariga qo'shildi New York Herald Tribune va Washington Post nashr etish International Herald Tribune Parijda.)

Dryfoos 1963 yilda vafot etdi,^[48] va noshir sifatida muvaffaqiyat qozondi^[49] qaynotasi tomonidan, Artur Ochs "Punch" Sulzberger, kim boshqargan Times 1992 yilgacha va qog'ozni kengaytirishni davom ettirdi.^[50]

Nyu-York Tayms va Sallivan (1964)

Gazetaning 1964 yildagi ishtiroki tuhmat ish kalitlardan birini keltirishga yordam berdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Oliy sudi qarorlarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi matbuot erkinligi, Nyu-York Tayms Co., Sallivanga qarshi. Unda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Oliy sudi "haqiqiy yovuzlik "davlat amaldorlari to'g'risida matbuot xabarlari uchun standart yoki jamoat arboblari ko'rib chiqilishi kerak tuhmat yoki tuhmat. Yovuzlik standarti da'vogardan tuhmat yoki tuhmat ishi bo'yicha da'vogarning bayonot noshiri bayonotning yolg'on ekanligini yoki unga tegishli ekanligini bilishini isbotlashni talab qiladi. beparvolik bilan e'tiborsizlik uning haqiqati yoki yolg'onligi. Balandligi tufayli dalil yuki da'vogarga va zararli niyatni isbotlash qiyinligiga, jamoat arboblari tomonidan bunday holatlar kamdan-kam hollarda muvaffaqiyatli bo'ladi.^[51]

The Pentagon hujjatlari (1971)

1971 yilda Pentagon hujjatlari, sir Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Mudofaa vazirligi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining siyosiy va harbiy ishtiroki tarixi Vetnam urushi 1945 yildan 1967 yilgacha, berilgan ("qochib ketgan") Nil Sheehan ning The New York Times sobiq tomonidan Davlat departamenti rasmiy Daniel Ellsberg, do'sti bilan Entoni Russo ularni nusxalashda yordam berish. The New York Times parchalarini 13 iyun kuni bir qator maqolalar sifatida nashr eta boshladi. Hujjatlar, boshqa narsalar qatori, hukumat urushda o'z rolini ataylab havo hujumlarini uyushtirgan holda kengaytirganligini aniqladi. Laos, qirg'oq bo'ylab reydlar Shimoliy Vetnam va tomonidan tajovuzkor harakatlar amalga oshirildi AQSh dengiz piyodalari jamoatchilikka ushbu harakatlar haqida aytib berishdan ancha oldin, barchasi Prezident Lyndon B. Jonson urushni kengaytirmaslikka va'da bergan edi. Hujjat ishonchlilik oralig'i uchun AQSh hukumati va tomonidan qilingan harakatlarga zarar etkazdi Nikson ma'muriyati davom etayotgan urushga qarshi kurashish.^[52]

Qachon The New York Times uning seriyasini nashr etishni boshladi, Prezident Richard Nikson g'azablandi. Uning so'zlari Milliy xavfsizlik Maslahatchi Genri Kissincer "Odamlar shu kabi narsalar uchun mash'alaga qo'yilishi kerak" va "Kelinni o'g'li qamoqqa tashlaylik".^[53] Olishdan keyin The New York Times nashr qilishni to'xtatish, Bosh prokuror Jon Mitchell va Prezident Nikson federal sud buyrug'ini oldi The New York Times parchalar nashr etishni to'xtatish. Gazeta apellyatsiya shikoyati berdi va ish sud tizimi orqali ish boshladi.

1971 yil 18-iyunda, Washington Post o'z turkumlarini nashr etishni boshladi. Ben Bagdikian, a Xabar muharriri, qog'ozlarning bir qismini Ellsbergdan olgan. O'sha kuni Xabar qo‘ng‘iroq oldi Uilyam Renxist, AQSh Bosh prokurorining yordamchisi Yuridik maslahat xizmati, nashr qilishni to'xtatishni so'rab. Qachon Xabar rad etdi AQSh Adliya vazirligi yana bir buyruq izladi. The AQSh okrug sudi sudya rad etdi va hukumat apellyatsiya berdi.

1971 yil 26 iyunda AQSh Oliy sudi ikkala ishni ham birlashtirib qabul qilishga rozilik berdi Nyu-York Tayms Co. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlariga qarshi.^[54] 1971 yil 30-iyunda Oliy sud 6-3-sonli qarorda, buyruqlar konstitutsiyaga zid bo'lgan cheklovlar va hukumat talab qilinadigan isbotlash yukini bajarmagan. Sudyalar muhim mohiyatli masalalar bo'yicha kelishmovchiliklar bilan to'qqiz alohida fikr yozdilar. Odatda, bu da'vo qiluvchilar uchun g'alaba deb qaraldi Birinchi o'zgartirish mutlaqni o'z ichiga oladi so'z erkinligi huquqi, Ko'pchilik buni iliq g'alaba deb bildi va da'vo qilganda kelajakdagi noshirlar uchun ozgina himoya taqdim etdi milliy xavfsizlik xavf ostida edi.^[52]

1970-yillarning oxiri - 90-yillar

1970-yillarda gazeta reklama beruvchilar va o'quvchilarni ko'proq jalb qilish maqsadida "Weekend" va "Home" kabi bir qator yangi turmush tarzi bo'limlarini taqdim etdi. Ko'pchilik bu harakatni gazetaning topshirig'iga xiyonat qilgani uchun tanqid qildi.^[55] 1976 yil 7 sentyabrda qog'oz sakkiz ustunli formatdan olti ustunli formatga o'tdi. Sahifaning umumiy kengligi bir xil bo'lib qoldi, har bir ustun kengroq bo'lib qoldi.^[20] 1987 yil 14 sentyabrda Times 12,4 funtdan (5,4 kg) va 1612 sahifadan iborat bo'lgan eng og'ir gazetani chop etdi.^[56]

1992 yilda, Sulzberger "musht" noshirlikdan ketdi; uning o'g'li, Artur Ochs Sulzberger kichik., birinchi bo'lib noshir sifatida uning o'rnini egalladi,^[57] keyin 1997 yilda Boshqaruv raisi sifatida ishlagan.^[58] The Times qabul qilingan so'nggi gazetalardan biri edi rangli fotosurat, 1997 yil 16 oktyabrda birinchi sahifadagi birinchi rangli fotosurat paydo bo'ldi.^[21]

Raqamli davr

Dastlabki raqamli tarkib

E'lon qilinganidan keyin yangiliklar xonasida chiqish Pulitser mukofoti g'oliblar, 2009 yil

The New York Times 1980 yildan biroz oldin raqamli ishlab chiqarish jarayoniga o'tdi, ammo o'sha yili olingan raqamli matnni saqlab qolishni boshladi.^[59] 1983 yilda Times o'z maqolalariga elektron huquqlarni sotdi LexisNexis. 1990-yillarda yangiliklarning onlayn tarqalishi ko'payganligi sababli Times kelishuvni uzaytirmaslikka qaror qildi va 1994 yilda gazeta o'z maqolalariga elektron huquqlarni tikladi.^[60] 1996 yil 22 yanvarda NYTimes.com nashr etila boshladi.^[61]

2000-yillar

2008 yil sentyabr oyida, The New York Times 2008 yil 6 oktyabrdan kuchga kirgan ba'zi bo'limlarni birlashtirilishini e'lon qildi Nyu-York metropoliteni. O'zgarishlar Metro bo'limini asosiy Xalqaro / Milliy yangiliklar bo'limiga aylantirdi va Sport va Biznesni birlashtirdi (shanbadan dushanbagacha, Sport esa mustaqil bo'lim sifatida nashr etishda davom etmoqda). Ushbu o'zgarish, shuningdek, Tri-Shtat hududidan tashqarida Nyu-York deb nomlangan Metro qismining nomini o'z ichiga olgan. Tomonidan ishlatiladigan presslar The New York Times to'rtta bo'limni bir vaqtning o'zida bosib chiqarishga imkon berishi mumkin; shanba kunidan tashqari, barcha kunlarda to'rtdan ortiq bo'limni o'z ichiga olganligi sababli, bo'limlar dastlabki press-nashrda alohida-alohida chop etilishi va birgalikda yig'ilishi talab qilingan. O'zgarishlarga ruxsat berildi The New York Times shanba kunidan tashqari dushanbadan chorshanbagacha to'rtta qismda chop etish. The New York Times' E'londa yangiliklar sahifalari va xodimlarning lavozimlari soni o'zgarishsiz qolishi, qog'oz qo'shimcha vaqt xarajatlarini kamaytirish orqali tejashni amalga oshirishi aytilgan.^[14]

2009 yilda gazeta Nyu-York hududidan tashqaridagi hududlarda mahalliy qo'shimchalar ishlab chiqarishni boshladi. 2009 yil 16 oktyabrdan boshlab nusxalarga ikki sahifali "Bay Area" qo'shimchasi qo'shildi Shimoliy Kaliforniya juma va yakshanba kunlari nashr etilgan. Gazeta 2009 yil 20 noyabrda Chikagodagi nashrga o'xshash juma va yakshanba qo'shimchalarini ishlab chiqarishni boshladi. Qo'shimchalar mahalliy yangiliklar, siyosat, sport va madaniyat qismlaridan iborat bo'lib, odatda mahalliy reklama tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi.

Sanoat tendentsiyalaridan so'ng, uning ish kunidagi tiraji 2009 yilda bir milliondan kamga kamaydi.^[62]

2007 yil avgust oyida qog'oz bosma nashrining jismoniy hajmini qisqartirdi va sahifa kengligini 13,5 dyuym (34 sm) dan 12 dyuym (30 sm) gacha qisqartirdi. Bu keyingi o'n yil ichida, shu jumladan, boshqa gazetalar ro'yxatining o'xshash harakatlaridan keyin USA Today, The Wall Street Journal va Washington Post. Ushbu harakat yangiliklar maydonining 5 foizga qisqarishiga olib keldi, ammo (tirajning pasayishi va reklama daromadlaridan sezilarli yo'qotish davrida) ham taxminan 12 dollar tejab qolindi yiliga million.^{[63][64][65][66]}

Sotuvlarning pasayishi, asosan, Internetdagi yangiliklar manbalarining ko'payishi, ayniqsa yosh o'quvchilar tomonidan qo'llanilishi va reklama daromadlarining pasayishi bilan bog'liqligi sababli, gazeta bir necha yillardan beri ishchilarga sotib olish va xarajatlarni qisqartirishni qisqartirishni boshdan kechirmoqda.^[67] bosma yangiliklar ommaviy axborot vositalarining umumiy tendentsiyasi bilan umumiy.^[68]

2010 yil

2012 yil dekabr oyida Times nashr etilgan "Qor tushishi ", haqida olti qismli maqola 2012 yil Tunnel Creek ko'chkisi video, fotosurat va interaktiv grafikani birlashtirgan va Internet jurnalistikasi uchun muhim voqea sifatida tan olingan.^[69][70]

Xabarlarga ko'ra, 2016 yilda gazeta muxbirlari nishonga olingan kiberxavfsizlik buzilishlar. The Federal tergov byurosi xabarlarga ko'ra hujumlarni tergov qilayotgan edi. Kiberxavfsizlikning buzilishi ehtimol bilan bog'liq deb ta'riflangan kiberhujumlar kabi boshqa institutlarni maqsad qilib olgan Demokratik milliy qo'mita.^[71]

2018 yil oktyabr oyida Times 14,218 so'zlik tergovni e'lon qildi Donald Tramp "o'z-o'zidan ishlab chiqarilgan" boylik va soliq firibgarligi da'vo qilingan, 100000 sahifa hujjatlarni tekshirishga asoslangan 18 oylik loyiha. Ushbu keng qamrovli maqola bosma nashrda sakkiz sahifalik xususiyat sifatida ishlagan va qisqartirilgan 2500 so'zga moslashtirilgan ro'yxat uning asosiy mahsulotlarini namoyish etadi.^[72] Hafta o'rtasida birinchi sahifadagi voqeadan so'ng, Times shuningdek, asarni yakshanba kungi gazetada 12 sahifalik "maxsus hisobot" bo'limi sifatida qayta nashr etdi.^[73] Uzoq muddatli tergov davomida, Vaqtni ko'rsat kameralar kuzatib bordi Times' yarim soatlik hujjatli film uchun uchta tergov muxbirlari chaqirildi Oilaviy biznes: Trump va soliqlar, keyingi yakshanba kuni efirga uzatilgan.^[74][75][76] Hisobot g'olib bo'ldi Izohli reportaj uchun Pulitser mukofoti.^[77]

2019 yil may oyida, The New York Times butun dunyoda joylashgan alohida muxbirlarining yangiliklari asosida televizion yangiliklar dasturini taqdim etishini va premyerasi bo'lishini e'lon qildi. Valyuta va Xulu.^[78]

Bosh ofis binosi

Gazetaning birinchi binosi 113-uyda joylashgan edi Nassau ko'chasi Nyu-York shahrida. 1854 yilda u Nassau ko'chasiga 138, 1858 yilda esa ko'chib o'tdi 41 Park Row, uni Nyu-York shahridagi birinchi gazetaga aylantirish uchun maxsus qurilgan binoda joylashgan.^[79]

Gazeta o'zining shtab-kvartirasini 1475 da joylashgan Times minorasiga ko'chirdi Broadway 1904 yilda,^[80] keyinchalik Longacre Square deb nomlangan maydonda, keyinchalik u o'zgartirildi Times Square gazeta sharafi.^[81] Binoning yuqori qismi - endi ma'lum Bitta Tayms maydoni - bu sayt Yangi Yil kechasi tushirish an'anasi a yoritilgan to'p, qog'oz tomonidan boshlangan.^[82] Bino o'zining elektroni bilan ham tanilgan yangiliklar ticker - mashhur "Fermuar" nomi bilan tanilgan - sarlavhalar binoning tashqi qismida aylanib yuradi.^[83] U hali ham ishlatilmoqda, ammo u tomonidan boshqarilgan Dow Jones & Company 1995 yildan beri.^[84] To'qqiz yil Times Square minorasida ishlaganidan so'ng, gazeta qo'shimcha ravishda qurilgan edi G'arbiy 43-uy, 229-uy.^[85] Bir necha marta kengaytirilgandan so'ng, 43-ko'chadagi bino 1960 yilda gazetaning bosh qarorgohiga aylandi va Broadwaydagi Times Tower keyingi yil sotildi.^[86] 1997 yilgacha gazetaning asosiy bosmaxonasi bo'lib xizmat qilgan. Gazeta zamonaviy bosmaxona zavodini ochgan College Point tumanining bo'limi Malika.^[87]

O'n yil o'tgach, The New York Times yangiliklar xonasi va biznesning bosh qarorgohini G'arbiy 43-ko'chadan 620 da yangi minoraga ko'chirdi Sakkizinchi avenyu G'arbiy 40 va 41-ko'chalar o'rtasida, ichida Manxetten - to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Sakkizinchi avenyu bo'ylab Port ma'muriyati avtobus terminali. Rasmiy nomi bilan tanilgan gazetaning yangi bosh qarorgohi Nyu-York Tayms binosi norasmiy ravishda ko'plab Nyu-Yorkliklar tomonidan yangi "Times Tower" deb nomlangan, a osmono'par bino tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Renzo pianino.^[88][89]

2019 yil avgust oyida, Slate jurnal ichki NYT elektron pochta xabarini olgan, bu haqda dalillar keltirilgan bedbug faoliyat tahririyatning barcha qavatlarida aniqlandi.^[90]

Ish bilan ta'minlashda gender kamsitish

Kamsituvchi Gazeta tomonidan qo'llaniladigan amaliyotlar ayollarni tahririyat lavozimlariga tayinlanishini uzoq vaqt davomida cheklab qo'ydi. Gazetaning birinchi umumiy ayol muxbiri Jeyn Grant, keyinchalik u o'z tajribasini quyidagicha tasvirlab berdi: "Dastlab mendan ayol yollanganligi faktini oshkor qilmaslik ayblangan edi". Boshqa muxbirlar unga "Fluff" laqabini berishdi va u juda ko'p narsalarga duch keldi hazing. U tufayli jins, o'sha paytdagi boshqaruvchi muharrirning so'zlariga ko'ra, har qanday reklama lavozimi haqida gap bo'lishi mumkin emas edi. U birinchi jahon urushi tomonidan to'xtatilgan holda o'n besh yil davomida xodimlar tarkibida qoldi.^[91]

1935 yilda, Anne Makkormik yozgan Artur Xays Sulzberger: "Umid qilamanki, siz" ayollarning nuqtai nazari "ga qaytishimni kutmaysiz."^[92] Keyinchalik u yirik siyosiy rahbarlardan intervyu oldi va sheriklariga qaraganda osonroq kirish imkoniyatiga ega edi. Hatto uning harakatlarining guvohlari ham u qanday qilib intervyu olganini tushuntirib berolmadi.^[93] Klifton Daniel dedi: "[Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyin,] aminman Adenauer uni chaqirib, tushlikka taklif qildi. U hech qachon uchrashuvga rozi bo'lmasligi kerak edi. "^[94]

Keyinchalik dunyo rahbarlarining nutqlarini yoritish Ikkinchi jahon urushi da Milliy press-klub erkaklar bilan faqat klub qoidalari bilan cheklangan edi. Oxir-oqibat ayollarga nutqlarni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri eshitishlariga ruxsat berilganda, ular ma'ruzachilarga savollar berishlariga hali ham ruxsat berilmadi, garchi erkaklar ruxsat berishgan va so'rashgan bo'lsa-da, garchi ba'zi ayollar oldingi ishi uchun Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'lishgan.^[95] Times muxbir Maggi Xanter topshiriq bo'yicha bitta nutqni yoritgandan so'ng klubga qaytishni rad etdi.^[96] Nan Robertson ning maqolasi Birlashma fond maydonlari, Chikago, professor tomonidan noma'lum bo'lib ovoz chiqarib o'qildi, keyin u shunday dedi: "'Siz uchun ajablantiradigan narsa, ehtimol muxbirning qiz,' u boshladi ... [G] asps; saflarda hayrat. 'U omborlarning hidi va hissiyotini etkazish uchun nafaqat ko'zlarini, balki butun his-tuyg'ularini ishlatgan. U qiyin mavzuni, tajovuzkor mavzuni tanladi. Uning tasavvurlari sizni qo'zg'oladigan darajada kuchli edi. "^[97] The New York Times Ketlin Maklaflinni o'n yildan keyin yollagan Chicago Tribune, u erda "[u] u xizmatkorlar haqida ketma-ket ish olib borgan, uy ishlariga murojaat qilish uchun o'zi chiqib ketgan."^[98]

Shior

The New York Times bitta shiori bor edi. 1896 yildan boshlab gazetaning shiori "Bosib chiqarishga yaroqli barcha yangiliklar". 1896 yilda, Adolph Ochs shiori o'rnini topishga urinish uchun tanlov o'tkazdi va eng yaxshisi uchun 100 dollar mukofot taklif qildi. Keyinchalik u asl nusxasi o'zgartirilmasligini e'lon qilgan bo'lsa-da, mukofot baribir topshiriladi. Yozuvlarga "Ko'ngil aynishi emas, yangiliklar" qo'shildi; "Bitta so'z bilan: etarli"; "Shovqinsiz yangiliklar"; "Out Heralds Xabarchi, Xabar beradi Dunyo va O'chirish Quyosh ";" Jamoat matbuoti - jamoat ishonchi "; va tanlov g'olibi" Dunyoning barcha yangiliklari, ammo janjal uchun maktab emas ".^{[99][100][101][102]} 1960 yil 10-mayda, Rayt Patman deb so'radi FTC yo'qligini tekshirish The New York Times gazetasi shiori noto'g'ri edi yoki yolg'on reklama. 10 kun ichida FTC bu emas deb javob berdi.^[103]

1996 yilda yana yangi shiori topish uchun tanlov o'tkazildi, bu safar NYTimes.com uchun. 8000 dan ortiq arizalar taqdim etildi. Shunga qaramay, "chop etishga yaroqli barcha yangiliklar" eng yaxshi deb topildi.^[104]

Tashkilot

The New York Times shtab-kvartirasi Sakkizinchi avenyu

Yangiliklar xodimlari

Nyu-Yorkdagi shtab-kvartiradan tashqari, gazetada yangiliklar xonalari mavjud London va Gonkong.^[105][106] Uning bosh qarorgohi bo'lgan uning Parijdagi yangiliklar xonasi gazetaning xalqaro nashri, 2016 yilda yopilgan, garchi shaharda yangiliklar byurosi va reklama idorasi saqlanib qolsa ham.^[107][108] Shuningdek, qog'ozda tahrirlash va simli xizmat ko'rsatish markazi mavjud Geynsvill, Florida.^[109]

2013 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], gazetaning Nyu-York mintaqasida oltita, AQShning boshqa joylarida 14 ta va boshqa mamlakatlarda 24 ta yangiliklar byurosi mavjud edi.^[110]

2009 yilda Russ Stanton, muharriri Los Anjeles Tayms, raqobatchi, dedi yangiliklar xonasi ning The New York Times ning ikki barobar kattaroq edi Los Anjeles Tayms, o'sha paytda 600 ta yangiliklar xonasi bo'lgan.^[111]

Hisobotlarini osonlashtirish va nashrga tayyorgarlik paytida ko'plab hujjatlarni ko'rib chiqish jarayonini tezlashtirish uchun ularning interaktiv yangiliklar guruhi optik belgilarni aniqlash ichiga texnologiya mulkiy vosita sifatida tanilgan Hujjat yordamchisi.^[112] Bu jamoaga ko'rib chiqilishi kerak bo'lgan hujjatlarni qayta ishlashni tezlashtirishga imkon beradi. 2019 yil mart oyi davomida ular ushbu vosita 900 daqiqalik hujjatlarni o'n daqiqadan kamroq vaqt ichida qayta ishlashga imkon berganligini hujjatlashtirdilar.^[113]

Ochs-Sulzberger oilasi

1896 yilda Adolph Ochs sotib oldi The New York Times, pul yo'qotadigan gazeta va Nyu-York Tayms kompaniyasini tashkil etdi. Qo'shma Shtatlarning gazetalar sulolasidan biri bo'lgan Ochs-Sulzbergerlar oilasi egalik qilgan The New York Times shundan buyon.^[35] Noshir omma oldiga chiqdi 1969 yil 14-yanvarda aktsiyalari 42 dollardan sotildi Amerika fond birjasi.^[114] Shundan so'ng, oila B sinfining aksariyat qismiga egalik qilish orqali nazoratni davom ettirdi ovoz beruvchi aktsiyalar. "A" sinfidagi aktsiyadorlarga cheklangan ovoz berish huquqi, "B" sinfidagi aktsiyadorlarga ochiq ovoz berish huquqi beriladi.

Ochs-Sulzberger oilaviy tresti kompaniyaning B sinfidagi aksiyalarining 88 foizini nazorat qiladi. Ikki sinfli tuzilishga kiritilgan har qanday o'zgartirish Ochs-Sulzberger oilaviy ishonch kengashida o'tirgan sakkizta direktorning oltitasi tomonidan tasdiqlanishi kerak. Ishonch kengashining a'zolari Daniel Xoen, Jeyms M. Koen, Lin G. Dolnik, Syuzan V. Drifuz, Maykl Oltin, Erik M. A. Laks, Artur O. Sulzberger kichik va Keti J. Sulzbergerlardir.^[115]

Turner Catledge, eng yaxshi muharriri The New York Times 1952 yildan 1968 yilgacha egalik ta'sirini yashirishni xohladi. Artur Sulzberger o'z muharririga muntazam ravishda esdaliklar yozib boradi, ularning har biri takliflar, ko'rsatmalar, shikoyatlar va buyruqlardan iborat. Catledge ushbu eslatmalarni olganda, u qo'l ostidagi xodimlarga topshirishdan oldin noshirning shaxsini o'chirib tashlaydi. Catledge, agar u noshirning ismini eslatmalardan o'chirib tashlagan bo'lsa, bu jurnalistlarni egasi tomonidan bosimni his qilishidan himoya qiladi deb o'ylagan.^[116]

Jamoat muharrirlari

Jamoat muharriri lavozimi 2003 yilda "jurnalistik yaxlitlik masalalarini tekshirish" uchun tashkil etilgan; har bir jamoat muharriri ikki yillik muddatga xizmat qilishi kerak edi.^[117] Post "o'quvchilarning shikoyatlari va savollarini qabul qilish uchun tashkil etilgan Times jurnalistlar qanday qaror qabul qilishlari to'g'risida. "^[118] Jamoat muharriri lavozimini yaratishga turtki bo'ldi Jeyson Bler ish. Jamoat muharriri: Daniel Okrent (2003–2005), Bayron Kalame (2005–2007), Klark Xoyt (2007-2010) (qo'shimcha yil xizmat qilgan), Artur S. Brisben (2010-2012), Margaret Sallivan (2012–2016) (to'rt yillik muddatga xizmat qilgan) va Elizabeth Spayd (2016–2017). 2017 yilda Times jamoat muharriri lavozimini yo'q qildi.^[118][119] Meredith Kopit Levien 2020 yil sentyabridan beri prezident va ijro etuvchi direktor lavozimida ishlab kelmoqda.

Tarkib

Tahririyat pozitsiyasi

The New York Times tahririyat sahifasi ko'pincha ko'rib chiqiladi liberal.^{[120][121][122][123]} 2004 yil o'rtalarida gazeta o'sha paytdagi jamoat muharriri (ombudsman ), Daniel Okrent, yozishicha, "Op-Ed sahifasi muharrirlari o'zlari nashr etayotgan begonalarning esselaridagi turli xil fikrlarni aks ettirish bilan shug'ullanishadi - ammo siz sahifani muvozanatlash uchun juda og'ir qarshi vaznga muhtojsiz, faqat etti fikr yurituvchi ishini o'z ichiga oladi ulardan ikkitasi konservativ (va hattoki, gey uyushmalarini legallashtirishni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan konservativ subspetsiyalar qatoriga kirishi mumkin) va Uilyam Safire, ning ba'zi bir markaziy qoidalariga qarshi Vatanparvarlik to'g'risidagi qonun )."^[124]

The New York Times O'shandan beri Respublikachilar partiyasining prezidentligini prezidentlikka tasdiqlamagan Duayt D. Eyzenxauer 1956 yilda; 1960 yildan beri har bir prezidentlik saylovlarida Demokratik partiyaning nomzodini ma'qulladi (qarang) Nyu-York Tayms prezidentlik tomonidan tasdiqlangan ).^[125] Biroq, The New York Times amaldagi rahbarni qo'llab-quvvatladi mo''tadil respublikachi Nyu-York shahri merlari Rudy Giuliani 1997 yilda,^[126] va Maykl Bloomberg 2005 yilda^[127] va 2009 yil.^[128] The Times respublikachilar tomonidan ham ma'qullandi Nyu-York shtati hokim Jorj Pataki 2002 yilda qayta saylanish uchun.^[129]

Uslub

AQShning aksariyat kundalik gazetalaridan farqli o'laroq, Times o'z uyiga tayanadi uslubiy kitob dan ko'ra Associated Press Stylebook. Odamlarga murojaat qilganda, The New York Times odatda foydalanadi faxriy yorliqlar bezaksiz familiyalar o'rniga (sport sahifalari bundan mustasno, ommaviy madaniyat yoritilishi,^[130] Kitoblarni ko'rib chiqish va jurnal).^[131]

The New York Times 2009 yil 6-yanvar kuni o'zining birinchi sahifasida reklama anjomini chop etdi va qog'ozdagi an'anani buzdi.^[132] Reklama, uchun CBS, rangli edi va sahifaning butun kengligini bosib o'tdi.^[133] Gazeta birinchi sahifadagi reklamalarni sahifaning faqat pastki qismida joylashtirilishini va'da qildi.^[132]

2014 yil avgust oyida Times so'zini ishlatishga qaror qildiqiynoq "so'roqchilar" ma'lumot olish uchun mahbusga og'riq keltirgan voqealarni tasvirlash uchun. "Bu gazetaning" shafqatsiz "yoki" shafqatsiz "so'roq qilish kabi ta'riflash amaliyotidan burilish edi.^[134]

Maqolada qattiq so'zlashuv siyosati yuritiladi. Pank-guruhning 2007 yildagi konsertiga sharh Fucked Masalan, guruh nomini eslatib qo'yishdan butunlay voz kechgan.^[135] Biroq, Times vaqti-vaqti bilan o'z ichiga olgan filtrsiz video kontentni nashr etdi haqoratli so'zlar va sharmandalar qaerda bunday videoning yangiliklar qiymatiga ega ekanligi aniqlandi.^[136] Davomida 2016 yil AQSh prezident saylovi kampaniya, Times "sikish" va "so'zlarini bosganmimushuk, "boshqalar tomonidan, tomonidan qilingan qo'pol bayonotlar haqida xabar berishda Donald Tramp a 2005 yildagi yozuv. Keyin-Times siyosat muharriri Kerolin Rayan shunday dedi: "Bizning hikoyalarimizda, hatto tirnoqlarda ham bu tildan foydalanish kamdan-kam uchraydi va biz uni uzoq muhokama qildik". Rayanning so'zlariga ko'ra, gazeta oxir-oqibat yangiliklarning ahamiyati tufayli nashr etishga qaror qildi va "uni tark eting yoki shunchaki ta'riflang, bu biz uchun noqulay va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ko'rinmaydigan bo'lib tuyuldi, ayniqsa, biz o'z o'quvchilarimizga ko'rsatadigan videoni namoyish etamiz. aynan nima aytilgan bo'lsa. "^[137]

Mahsulotlar

Gazetani chop eting

Katta sarlavha bo'lmasa, kunning eng muhim voqeasi, odatda, asosiy sahifaning yuqori o'ng ustunida paydo bo'ladi. The shriftlar sarlavhalar uchun ishlatilgan Cheltenxem. Ishlayotgan matn 8.7 ga o'rnatildi nuqta Imperial.^[138][139]

Gazeta uchta bo'limga, shu jumladan jurnalga bo'lingan.

1. Yangiliklar: Xalqaro, milliy, Vashington, Biznes, Texnologiya, Ilm-fan, Sog'liqni saqlash, Sport, The Metro Bo'lim, ta'lim, ob-havo va obituar.
2. Fikr: o'z ichiga oladi Tahririyat maqolalari, Maqolalar va Tahririyatga xatlar.
3. Xususiyatlari: San'at, filmlar, teatr, sayohat, Nyu-Yorkdagi qo'llanma, oziq-ovqat, uy va bog ', moda va uslub, Bosh qotirma, The New York Times Book Review, T: The New York Times Style jurnali, The New York Times jurnaliva yakshanba sharhi.

Metro kabi ba'zi bo'limlar faqat tarqatilgan qog'oz nashrlarida uchraydi Nyu-York-Nyu-Jersi-Konnektikut Tri-shtat hududi va milliy yoki Vashington shtatidagi nashrlarda emas.^[140] Qayta nashr etishning haftalik yig'ilishidan tashqari tahririyat karikaturalari boshqa gazetalardan, The New York Times o'z xodimlariga ega emas tahririyat karikaturachisi, va unda a mavjud emas komikslar sahifasi yoki yakshanba komikslar Bo'lim.^[141]

1851 yildan 2017 yilgacha, The New York Times taxminan 3,5 donadan iborat 60,000 bosma nashrlarini nashr etdi million sahifa va 15 million maqola.^[59]

Dushanbadan jumagacha muomalada bo'lish^[142]

Boshqalar singari Amerika gazetalari,^[143] The New York Times pasayishiga duch keldi tiraj. Uning ish kunidagi bosma nusxasi 2005 yildan 2017 yilgacha 50 foizga kamayib, 540 ming nusxani tashkil etdi.^[142]

Xalqaro nashr

The New York Times International Edition Qo'shma Shtatlar tashqarisidagi kitobxonlar uchun tayyorlangan qog'ozning bosma nusxasi. Ilgari qo'shma korxona Washington Post nomlangan International Herald Tribune, The New York Times 2002 yilda qog'ozga to'liq egalik qildi va uni asta-sekin ichki operatsiyalariga yanada yaqinlashtirdi.

Veb-sayt

The New York Times kuni har kuni nashr etishni boshladi Butunjahon tarmog'i 1996 yil 22 yanvarda "butun dunyo bo'ylab o'quvchilarga kundalik gazetaning aksariyat qismlariga darhol kirish imkoniyatini taqdim etish".^[144] Veb-saytda 555 ta raqam mavjud edi 2005 yil mart oyida million sahifa ko'rishlar.^[145] Domen nytimes.com kamida 146 ni jalb qildi a ga ko'ra 2008 yilga qadar har yili million tashrif buyuruvchilar Compete.com o'rganish.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} 2009 yil mart oyida, The New York Times veb-sayt noyob tashrif buyuruvchilar soni bo'yicha 59-o'rinni egalladi, ularning soni 20 dan oshdi millionlab noyob mehmonlar, bu eng ko'p tashrif buyurilgan gazeta saytiga aylanib, keyingi eng mashhur sayt sifatida noyob mehmonlar sonidan ikki baravar ko'p.^[146]

2009 yil may oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], nytimes.com eng mashhur 50 ta gazeta blogidan 22 tasini ishlab chiqardi.^[147]

2020 yil avgust holatiga ko'ra kompaniyaning 6,5 million pullik obunachisi bo'lgan, shundan 5,7 millioni raqamli tarkibiga obuna bo'lgan. 2020 yil aprel-iyun oylarida 669 ming yangi raqamli abonent qo'shildi.^[148]

Oziq-ovqat bo'limi

Uydagi oshpazlar va uydan tashqari ovqatlanish uchun mo'ljallangan narsalar oziq-ovqat bo'limiga Internetda qo'shilgan. The New York Times Ovqat pishirish (cooking.nytimes.com; shuningdek iOS ilovasi orqali mavjud) 2016 yil noyabr holatiga ko'ra fayldagi 17000 dan ortiq retseptlarga kirish imkoniyatini beradi^[yangilash],^[149] va Internetdagi boshqa saytlardan retseptlarni saqlash imkoniyati. Gazetadagi restoranlarni qidirish (nytimes.com/reviews/dining) onlayn o'quvchilarga NYC hududidagi restoranlarni oshxonasi, mahallasi, narxi va sharhlovchilar reytingi bo'yicha qidirish imkoniyatini beradi. The New York Times shuningdek, shu jumladan, bir nechta oshpaz kitoblarini nashr etdi Essential New York Times ovqat kitobi: Yangi asr uchun klassik retseptlar, 2010 yil oxirida nashr etilgan.

TimesSelect

2005 yil sentyabr oyida gazeta, ma'lum bo'lgan dasturda kunlik ustunlar uchun obuna asosida xizmatni boshlashga qaror qildi TimesSelect, ilgari ko'plab bepul ustunlarni qamrab olgan. Ikki yildan keyin to'xtatilguncha, TimesSelect oyiga 7,95 dollar yoki yiliga 49,95 dollar,^[150] garchi bu nusxa obunachilari va universitet talabalari va o'qituvchilari uchun bepul bo'lsa ham.^[151][152] Ushbu ayblovdan qochish uchun bloggerlar tez-tez TimesSelect materiallarini qayta joylashtirdilar,^[153] va kamida bitta sayt bir marta qayta nashr qilingan materiallarning havolalarini to'plagan.^[154]

2007 yil 17 sentyabrda, The New York Times Ertasi kuni yarim tunda o'z veb-saytining ba'zi qismlariga kirish uchun to'lovlarni to'xtatishni e'lon qildi, bu obuna to'lovlari bepul saytdagi trafikning ko'payishi natijasida potentsial reklama daromadlaridan ustun bo'lmasligi haqidagi sohada tobora kuchayib borayotgan fikrni aks ettiradi.^[155]

Times kolumnistlar, shu jumladan Nikolas Kristof va Tomas Fridman tanqid qilgan edi TimesSelect,^[156] Fridman "Men bundan nafratlanaman. Bu meni juda qattiq azoblaydi, chunki bu meni juda ko'p odamlardan ajratib qo'ydi, ayniqsa, meni chet elda o'qiyotganlar ko'p bo'lgani uchun, hind kabi ... Men Mening tinglovchilarimdan butunlay uzilib qolganimni his qilaman. "^[157]

Paywall va raqamli obunalar

Deyarli butun saytni barcha o'quvchilarga ochishdan tashqari, The New York Times yangiliklar arxivlari 1987 yildan to hozirgi kungacha, shuningdek jamoat mulki bo'lgan 1851 yildan 1922 yilgacha bo'lganlar uchun bepul.^[158][159] Ga kirish Premium krossvordlar bo'limda oyiga 6,95 dollar yoki yiliga 39,95 dollar evaziga etkazib berish yoki obuna bo'lish talab etiladi.

Bosma reklama daromadlarining pasayishi va prognozlarning davomiy pasayishi natijada "o'lchangan" paywall "2011 yilda tashkil etilgan bo'lib, bir necha yuz ming obuna va taxminan 100 dollar to'plaganidan keyin kamtarona muvaffaqiyatli deb topildi 2012 yil mart holatiga ko'ra million daromad^[yangilash].^[160][161] 2011 yil mart oyida e'lon qilinganidek, to'lov paneli tez-tez o'qiydiganlardan onlayn tarkibiga kirish uchun haq to'laydi.^[162] O'quvchilar har oyda 20 tagacha maqolani bepul olishlari mumkin edi. (Garchi 2012 yil aprelidan boshlangan bo'lsa-da, bepul kirish huquqiga ega maqolalar soni ikki baravar kamayib, oyiga atigi o'nta maqolani tashkil etdi.) Ko'proq ma'lumot olishni istagan har qanday o'quvchi raqamli obuna uchun to'lashi kerak edi. Ushbu reja tasodifiy o'quvchilarga bepul kirish imkoniyatini beradi, ammo "og'ir" o'quvchilardan daromad keltiradi. To'rt hafta davomida raqamli obuna stavkalari tanlangan paketga qarab $ 15 dan $ 35 gacha, davriy yangi abonent aktsiyalari bilan to'rt haftalik raqamli ulanishni 99 ¢ gacha taqdim etadi. Gazetaning bosma nashriga obunachilar qo'shimcha to'lovisiz to'liq kirish huquqiga ega. Birinchi sahifa va bo'lim old qismlari kabi ba'zi tarkib, shuningdek mobil ilovalardagi Top News sahifasi bepul bo'lib qoldi.^[163]

2013 yil yanvar oyida, The New York Times' Jamoat muharriri Margaret M. Sallivan ko'p o'n yilliklar ichida birinchi marta qog'oz reklama orqali emas, balki obuna orqali ko'proq daromad keltirganligini e'lon qildi.^[164] 2017 yil dekabrida oyiga bepul maqolalar soni o'ndan beshtaga qisqartirildi, chunki 2012 yildan buyon hisoblangan to'lov devoriga birinchi o'zgartirish.^[161] Nyu-York Tayms Kompaniyasining ijrochi direktori qarorga jurnalistika talabining "barcha vaqtlardagi eng yuqori ko'rsatkichi" sabab bo'lganligini ta'kidladi.^[161]

Gazeta veb-saytiga 2013 yil 29 avgust kuni Suriya elektron armiyasi, Suriya prezidenti hukumatini qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan xakerlik guruhi Bashar al-Assad. SEA qog'ozga kirib olishga muvaffaq bo'ldi domen nomini ro'yxatdan o'tkazuvchi, Melburn IT va o'zgartirish DNS uchun yozuvlar The New York Times, ba'zi veb-saytlarini bir necha soat davomida ishdan bo'shatish.^[165]

2017 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], The New York Times jami 3,5 ga ega bosma va raqamli versiyalarida million pullik obuna va 130 dan ortiq million oylik o'quvchilar, bu ikki yil oldin uning auditoriyasidan ikki baravar ko'p.^[166]

2018 yil fevral oyida Nyu-York Tayms kompaniyasi faqat raqamli obunalardan tushgan daromadni ko'paytirib, 157 ming yangi abonentni jami 2,6 ga qo'shganligi haqida xabar berdi. faqat raqamli raqamli million abonent. Ushbu davrda raqamli reklama ham o'sishga erishdi. Shu bilan birga, jurnalning bosma versiyasi uchun reklama tushdi.^[167][168]

Mobil aloqa

Ilovalar

2008 yilda, The New York Times sifatida mavjud bo'lgan ilova uchun iPhone va iPod Touch;^[169] shuningdek, 2010 yilda iPad dasturini nashr etish.^[170][171] Ilova foydalanuvchilarga o'zlarining mobil qurilmalariga signallarni qabul qila olmagan taqdirda ham qog'ozni o'qishlariga imkon beruvchi maqolalarni yuklab olishlariga imkon berdi.^[172] 2010 yil oktyabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], The New York Times iPad dasturi reklama bilan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi va pullik obunasiz bepul, lekin a-ga tarjima qilingan obuna asosidagi model 2011 yilda.^[170]

2010 yilda, The New York Times tahrirlovchilari talabalar va o'qituvchilar bilan hamkorlik qildilar Nyu-York universiteti "s 20-studiya jurnalistika magistrlari "Mahalliy Sharq qishlog'ini" ishga tushirish va ishlab chiqarish dasturi, a giperlokal blog "Sharqiy Qishloq aholisi tomonidan va ular to'g'risida" yangiliklarni taqdim etishga mo'ljallangan.^[173] O'sha yili, reCAPTCHA ning eski nashrlarini raqamlashtirishga yordam berdi The New York Times.^[174]

2010 yilda gazeta uchun ilova ham ishga tushirildi Android smartfonlar, keyinroq uchun ilova tomonidan ta'qib qilingan Windows telefonlari.^[175]

Bundan tashqari, Times a taklif qilgan birinchi gazeta edi video O'YIN uning tahririyat tarkibining bir qismi sifatida, Oziq-ovqat importi ahmoqona tomonidan Ishonchli o'yinlar.^[176]

The Times Reader

The Times Reader ning raqamli versiyasidir The New York Times, gazetasi va bilan hamkorlik orqali yaratilgan Microsoft. Times Reader bosma jurnalistikaning tamoyillarini qabul qiladi va ularni Microsoft tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va ular tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan bir qator texnologiyalardan foydalangan holda onlayn hisobot berish texnikasida qo'llaydi Windows taqdimot fondi jamoa. Bu e'lon qilindi Sietl 2006 yil aprel oyida, tomonidan Artur Ochs Sulzberger kichik., Bill Geyts va Tom Bodkin.^[177]

2009 yilda, Times Reader 2.0 qayta yozilgan Adobe AIR.^[178] 2013 yil dekabr oyida gazeta Times Reader ilova 2014 yil 6 yanvardan boshlab bekor qilinadi va ilova o'quvchilarini faqat obunadan foydalanishni boshlashga chaqiradi. Bugungi Qog'oz ilova.^[179]

Podkastlar

The New York Times ishlab chiqarishni boshladi podkastlar 2006 yilda. Dastlabki podkastlar orasida The Times ichida va The New York Times Book Review-ning ichida. Biroq, ulardan bir nechtasi Times'podkastlar 2012 yilda bekor qilingan.^[180][181]

The Times 2016 yilda yangi podkastlarni ishga tushirishga qaytdi, shu jumladan Zamonaviy sevgi bilan WBUR.^[182] 2017 yil 30-yanvar kuni, The New York Times yangiliklar podkastini ishga tushirdi, Daily.^[183][184] 2018 yil oktyabr oyida NYT debyut qildi Bahs fikri sharhlovchilari bilan Ross Douthat, Mishel Goldberg va Devid Leonxardt. Bu chapdan, markazdan va o'ngdan tushuntirilgan bitta masala bo'yicha haftalik munozaradir siyosiy spektr.^[185]

Ingliz tilidan tashqari versiyalar

The New York Times en Español (Ispan tilida)

2016 yil fevraldan 2019 yil sentyabrgacha, The New York Times mustaqil ravishda ishga tushirdi Ispan tili nashr, The New York Times en Español. The Spanish-language version featured increased coverage of news and events in lotin Amerikasi va Ispaniya. The expansion into Spanish language news content allowed the newspaper to expand its audience into the Spanish speaking world and increase its revenue. The Spanish-language version was seen as a way to compete with the established El Pais newspaper of Ispaniya, which bills itself the "global newspaper in Spanish."^[186] Its Spanish version has a team of journalists in Mexiko as well as correspondents in Venesuela, Braziliya, Argentina, Mayami va Madrid, Ispaniya.^[187][188] It was discontinued in September 2019, citing lack of financial success as the reason.^[189]

Xitoy tili

2012 yil iyun oyida, The New York Times introduced its first official foreign-language variant, cn.nytimes.com, a Chinese-language news site viewable in both an'anaviy va soddalashtirilgan xitoycha belgilar. The project was led by Kreyg S. Smit on the business side and Filipp P. Pan on the editorial side,^[190] with content created by staff based in Shanxay, Pekin va Gonkong, though the server was placed outside of China to avoid censorship issues.^[191]

The site's initial success was interrupted in October that year following the publication of an investigative article^[b] tomonidan Devid Barboza about the finances of Chinese Premier Ven Tszabao oilasi.^[192] In retaliation for the article, the Chinese government blocked access to both nytimes.com va cn.nytimes.com inside the Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi (XXR).

Despite Chinese government interference, the Chinese-language operations have continued to develop, adding a second site, cn.nytstyle.com, iOS va Android apps, and newsletters, all of which are accessible inside the PRC. The China operations also produce three print publications in Chinese. Trafik cn.nytimes.com, meanwhile, has risen due to the widespread use of VPN technology in the PRC and to a growing Chinese audience outside mainland China.^[193] The New York Times articles are also available to users in China via the use of oyna veb-saytlari, apps, domestic newspapers, and ijtimoiy tarmoqlar.^[193][194] The Chinese platforms now represent one of The New York Times' top five digital markets globally. The editor-in-chief of the Chinese platforms is Ching-Ching Ni.^[195]

2013 yil mart oyida, The New York Times va Kanada milliy kino kengashi announced a partnership titled A Short History of the Highrise, which will create four short documentaries for the Internet about life in high rise buildings as part of the NFB's Balandlik project, utilizing images from the newspaper's photo archives for the first three films, and user-submitted images for the final film.^[196] Uchinchi loyiha Short History of the Highrise series won a Peabody mukofoti 2013 yilda.^[197]

TimesMachine

The TimesMachine is a web-based archive of scanned issues of The New York Times from 1851 through 2002.^[198]

Aksincha The New York Times online archive, the TimesMachine presents scanned images of the actual newspaper.^[199] All non-advertising content can be displayed on a per-story basis in a separate PDF display page and saved for future reference.^[200] The archive is available to The New York Times subscribers, home delivery and/or digital.^[198]

Interruptions

Because of holidays, no editions were printed on November 23, 1851; January 2, 1852; July 4, 1852; January 2, 1853; and January 1, 1854.^[201]

Sababli ish tashlashlar, the regular edition of The New York Times was not printed during the following periods:^[202]

• December 9, 1962, to March 31, 1963. Only a western edition was printed because of the 1962–63 yillarda Nyu-York shahridagi gazetalar ish tashlashi.
• September 17, 1965, to October 10, 1965. An international edition was printed, and a weekend edition replaced the Saturday and Sunday papers.
• August 10, 1978, to November 5, 1978. A multi-union strike shut down the three major New York City newspapers. No editions of The New York Times bosilgan.^[201] Two months into the strike, a parody of The New York Times deb nomlangan Not The New York Times was distributed in the city, with contributors such as Karl Bernshteyn, Kristofer Cerf, Toni Xendra va Jorj Plimpton.^[203][204]

Tanqid va qarama-qarshiliklar

Failure to report Ukraine famine

The New York Times was criticized for the work of reporter Uolter Dyuranti, who served as its Moscow bureau chief from 1922 through 1936. Duranty wrote a series of stories in 1931 on the Sovet Ittifoqi and won a Pulitzer Prize for his work at that time; however, he has been criticized for his denial of widespread famine, most particularly the Ukraina ochligi 1930-yillarda.^{[205][206][207][208]}

In 2003, after the Pulitzer Board began a renewed inquiry, the Times yollangan Mark fon Xagen, professor of Russian history at Kolumbiya universiteti, to review Duranty's work. Von Hagen found Duranty's reports to be unbalanced and uncritical, and that they far too often gave voice to Stalin tashviqot. In comments to the press he stated, "For the sake of The New York Times' honor, they should take the prize away."^[209]

Ikkinchi jahon urushi

On November 14, 2001, in The New York Times' 150th-anniversary issue, in an article entitled "Turning Away From the Holocaust," former executive editor Maks Frankel yozgan:

And then there was failure: none greater than the staggering, staining failure of The New York Times to depict Hitler's methodical extermination of the Jews of Europe as a horror beyond all other horrors in World War II – a Nazi war within the war crying out for illumination.^[210]

According to Frankel, harsh judges of The New York Times "have blamed 'self-hating Yahudiylar 'va'sionistlarga qarshi ' among the paper's owners and staff." Frankel responded to this criticism by describing the fragile sensibilities of the Jewish owners of The New York Times:

Then, too, papers owned by Jewish families, like The Times, were plainly afraid to have a society that was still widely anti-Semitic misread their passionate opposition to Hitler as a merely parochial cause. Even some leading Jewish groups hedged their appeals for rescue lest they be accused of wanting to divert wartime energies.At The Times, the reluctance to highlight the systematic slaughter of Jews was also undoubtedly influenced by the views of the publisher, Artur Xays Sulzberger. He believed strongly and publicly that Judaism was a religion, not a race or nationality – that Jews should be separate only in the way they worshiped. He thought they needed no state or political and social institutions of their own. He went to great lengths to avoid having The Times branded a Jewish newspaper. He resented other publications for emphasizing the Jewishness of people in the news.^[210]

In the same article, Frankel quotes Laurel Leff, associate professor of journalism at Shimoli-sharq universiteti, who concluded that the newspaper had downplayed Natsistlar Germaniyasi 's targeting of Yahudiylar uchun genotsid. Uning 2005 yildagi kitobi Times tomonidan ko'milgan documents the paper's tendency before, during and after World War II to place deep inside its daily editions the news stories about the ongoing persecution and extermination of Jews, while obscuring in those stories the special impact of the Nazis' crimes on Jews in particular. Leff attributes this dearth in part to the complex personal and political views of the newspaper's Jewish publisher, Artur Xays Sulzberger haqida Yahudiylik, antisemitizm va Sionizm.^[211]

Jerold Auerbax, a Guggenxaym va Fulbright Lecturer, yozgan Print to Fit, The New York Times, Zionism and Israel, 1896-2016^[212] that it was of utmost importance to Adolph Ochs, the first Jewish owner of the paper, that in spite of the persecution of Jews in Germany, The Times, through its reporting, should never be classified as a "Jewish newspaper".^[213]

After Ochs' death in 1935, his son-in-law Arthur Hays Sulzberger became the publisher of The New York Times and maintained the understanding that no reporting should reflect on The Times as a Jewish newspaper. Sulzburger shared Ochs' concerns about the way Jews were perceived in American society. His apprehensions about judgement were manifested positively by his strong fidelity to the United States. At the same time, within the pages of The New York Times, Sulzburger refused to bring attention to Jews, including the refusal to identify Jews as major victims of the Nazi genocide. To be sure, many reports of Nazi-authored slaughter identified Jewish victims as "persons." The Times even opposed the rescue of Jewish refugees and backed American constraint.^[214]

Urush paytida, The New York Times jurnalist Uilyam L. Lorens was "on the payroll of the Urush bo'limi ".^[215][216]

Accusations of liberal bias

In mid-2004, the newspaper's then-public editor Daniel Okrent, yozgan fikr qismi in which he said that The New York Times did have a liberal bias in news coverage of certain social issues such as abortion and bir jinsli nikoh.^[124] He stated that this bias reflected the paper's kosmopolitizm, which arose naturally from its roots as a hometown paper of New York City, writing that the coverage of the Times's Arts & Leisure; Madaniyat; and the Sunday Times jurnali trend to the left.^[124]

If you're examining the paper's coverage of these subjects from a perspective that is neither urban nor Northeastern nor culturally seen-it-all; if you are among the groups The Times treats as strange objects to be examined on a laboratory slide (devout Catholics, gun owners, Orthodox Jews, Texans); if your value system wouldn't wear well on a composite New York Times journalist, then a walk through this paper can make you feel you're traveling in a strange and forbidding world.

Times jamoat muharriri Artur Brisben 2012 yilda yozgan:^[217]

When The Times covers a national presidential campaign, I have found that the lead editors and reporters are disciplined about enforcing fairness and balance, and usually succeed in doing so. Across the paper's many departments, though, so many share a kind of political and cultural progressivism — for lack of a better term — that this worldview virtually bleeds through the fabric of The Times.

The New York Times jamoat muharriri (ombudsman ) Elizabeth Spayd wrote in 2016 that "Conservatives and even many moderates, see in The Times a blue-state worldview" and accuse it of harboring a liberal bias. Spayd did not analyze the substance of the claim but did opine that the Times is "part of a fracturing media environment that reflects a fractured country. That in turn leads liberals and conservatives toward separate news sources."^[218] Times mas'ul muharrir Din Baquet stated that he does not believe coverage has a liberal bias, however:^[218]

We have to be really careful that people feel like they can see themselves in The New York Times. I want us to be perceived as fair and honest to the world, not just a segment of it. It's a really difficult goal. Do we pull it off all the time? Yo'q

2016 yilgi saylov

Donald Tramp has frequently criticized The New York Times uning Twitter account before and during his presidency; since November 2015, Trump has referred to the Times as "the failing New York Times" in a series of tweets.^[219] Despite Trump's criticism, New York Times Company CEO Mark Thompson said that the paper had enjoyed soaring digital readership, with the fourth quarter of 2016 seeing the highest number of new digital subscribers to the newspaper since 2011.^{[220][221][222]} On October 23, 2019, Trump announced that he was canceling the White House subscription to both The New York Times va Washington Post and would direct all federal agencies to drop their subscriptions as well.^[223]

Tanqidchi Mett Taibbi ayblanmoqda The New York Times of favoring Hillari Klinton ustida Berni Sanders in the paper's news coverage of the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries.^[224] Responding to the complaints of many readers, The New York Times jamoat muharriri Margaret Sullivan wrote that "The Times has not ignored Mr. Sanders's campaign, but it hasn't always taken it very seriously. The tone of some stories is regrettably dismissive, even mocking at times. Some of that is focused on the candidate's age, appearance and style, rather than what he has to say."^[225] Times senior editor Carolyn Ryan defended both the volume of The New York Times coverage (noting that Sanders had received about the same amount of article coverage as Jeb Bush va Marko Rubio ) and its tone.^[226]

Jayson Blair plagiarism (2003)

2003 yil may oyida, The New York Times muxbir Jeyson Bler was forced to resign from the newspaper after he was caught plagiat and fabricating elements of his stories. Some critics contended that Afroamerikalik Blair's race was a major factor in his hiring and in The New York Times' initial reluctance to fire him.^[227]

Iraq War (2003–06)

The Times qo'llab-quvvatladi 2003 yil Iroqqa bostirib kirish.^[228] On May 26, 2004, more than a year after the war started, the newspaper asserted that some of its articles had not been as rigorous as they should have been, and were insufficiently qualified, frequently overly dependent upon information from Iraqi exiles desiring regime change.^[229]

The New York Times was involved in a significant controversy regarding the allegations surrounding Iroq va ommaviy qirg'in qurollari 2002 yil sentyabr oyida.^[230] A front-page story was authored by Judit Miller which claimed that the Iraqi government was in the process of developing yadro qurollari nashr etildi.^[231] Miller's story was cited by officials such as Kondoliza Rays, Kolin Pauell va Donald Ramsfeld as part of a campaign to commission the Iroq urushi.^[232] One of Miller's prime sources was Ahmed Chalabiy, iroqlik chet elga who returned to Iraq after the U.S. invasion and held a number of governmental positions culminating in acting oil minister and deputy prime minister from May 2005 until May 2006.^{[233][234][235][236]} In 2005, negotiating a private severance package with Sulzberger, Miller retired after criticisms that her reporting of the lead-up to the Iroq urushi was factually inaccurate and overly favorable to the position of the Bush ma'muriyati, buning uchun The New York Times later apologized.^[237][238]

Hatfill v. New York Times Co. and Kristof (2005)

The 1964 case of NYT v. Sullivan foreshadowed another major libel case, Steven J. Hatfill v. The New York Times Company, and Nicholas Kristof,^[239] natijasida hosil bo'lgan 2001 yil kuydirgi kasalligi (which included powder in an envelope opened by reporter Judit Miller ichida Times newsroom).^[240]

Doktor Stiven Xetfill became a public figure as a result of insinuations that he was the "likely culprit" put forth in Nikolas Kristof 's columns, which referenced the Federal tergov byurosi investigation of the case.^{[241][242][243]} Dr. Hatfill sued him and the Times uchun tuhmat va qasddan hissiy tanglikni keltirib chiqarish. After years of proceedings, the Oliy sud declined to grant sertifikat in the case, leaving Dr. Hatfill's case dismissed since he had not proved malice on the part of the Times.^[244]

The Times was involved in a similar case in which it agreed to pay a settlement to Dr. Ven Xo Li who was falsely accused of espionage.^{[245][246][247][248][249]}

Duke University lacrosse case (2006)

The newspaper was criticized for largely reporting the prosecutors' version of events in the 2006 Dyuk lakrosi holati.^[250][251] Suzanne Smalley of Newsweek criticized the newspaper for its "credulous"^[252] coverage of the charges of rape against Dyuk universiteti lacrosse players. Styuart Teylor kichik va KC Johnson, ularning kitobida Isbotlangan begunohgacha: Dyuk Lakrosse zo'rlash ishining siyosiy to'g'riligi va sharmandali adolatsizliklari, write: "at the head of the guilt-presuming pack, The New York Times vied in a race to the journalistic bottom with trash-TV talk shows."^[251]

Isroil-Falastin to'qnashuvi

A 2003 study in the Garvard Xalqaro Matbuot / Siyosat jurnali degan xulosaga keldi The New York Times reporting was more favorable to Israelis than to Palestinians.^[253] A 2002 study published in the journal Jurnalistika examined Middle East coverage of the Ikkinchi intifada over a one-month period in the Times, Vashington Post va Chicago Tribune. The study authors said that the Times was "the most slanted in a pro-Israeli direction" with a bias "reflected...in its use of headlines, photographs, graphics, sourcing practices, and lead paragraphs."^[254]

Uning yoritilishi uchun Isroil-Falastin to'qnashuvi, some (such as Ed Koch ) have claimed that the paper is pro-Palestinian, while others (such as As'ad Abu Xalil ) have insisted that it is pro-Israel.^[255][256] Isroil lobbisi va AQSh tashqi siyosati, tomonidan siyosatshunoslik professorlar Jon Mersxaymer va Stiven Uolt, deb da'vo qilmoqda The New York Times sometimes criticizes Israeli policies but is not even-handed and is generally pro-Israel.^[257] Boshqa tomondan, Simon Wiesenthal markazi has criticized The New York Times for printing cartoons regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that were claimed to be antisemitizm.^[258]

Isroil Bosh vaziri Benyamin Netanyaxu rejected a proposal to write an article for the paper on grounds of lack of objectivity. A piece in which Thomas Friedman commented that praise awarded to Netanyahu during a speech at congress was "paid for by the Israel lobby" elicited an apology and clarification from its writer.^[259]

The New York Times' jamoat muharriri Klark Xoyt concluded in his January 10, 2009, column:^[260]

Though the most vociferous supporters of Israel and the Palestinians do not agree, I think The New York Times, largely barred from the battlefield and reporting amid the chaos of war, has tried its best to do a fair, balanced and complete job — and has largely succeeded.

Delayed publication of 2005 NSA warrantless surveillance story

The New York Times was criticized for the 13-month delay of the December 2005 story revealing the U.S. Milliy xavfsizlik agentligi warrantless surveillance program.^[261] Ex-NSA officials blew the whistle on the program to journalists Jeyms Risen va Erik Lixtblau, who presented an investigative article to the newspaper in November 2004, weeks before America's Prezident saylovi. Contact with former agency officials began the previous summer.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Avvalgi The New York Times mas'ul muharrir Bill Keller decided not to report the piece after being pressured by the Bush administration and being advised not to do so by The New York Times Washington bureau chief Philip Taubman. Keller explained the silence's rationale in an interview with the newspaper in 2013, stating "Three years after 9/11, we, as a country, were still under the influence of that trauma, and we, as a newspaper, were not immune".^[262]

2014 yilda, PBS Frontline interviewed Risen and Lichtblau, who said that the newspaper's plan was to not publish the story at all. "The editors were furious at me", Risen said to the program. "They thought I was being insubordinate." Risen wrote a book about the mass surveillance revelations after The New York Times declined the piece's publication, and only released it after Risen told them that he would publish the book. Another reporter told Milliy radio that the newspaper "avoided disaster" by ultimately publishing the story.^[263]

M.I.A. quotes out of context (2009–10)

2009 yil fevral oyida, a Qishloq ovozi music blogger accused the newspaper of using "chintzy, ad-hominem allegations" in an article on Britaniya Tamil musiqa rassomi M.I.A. concerning her activism against the Sinhala-Tamil conflict Shri-Lankada.^[264][265] M.I.A. criticized the paper in January 2010 after a travel piece rated post-conflict Sri Lanka the "#1 place to go in 2010".^[266][267]

2010 yil iyun oyida, The New York Times jurnali published a correction on its cover article of M.I.A., acknowledging that the interview conducted by current V editor and then-Times jurnali hissa qo'shuvchi Lin Xirshberg contained a recontextualization of two quotes.^[268][269] In response to the piece, M.I.A. broadcast Hirschberg's phone number and secret audio recordings from the interview via her Twitter and website.^[270][271]

Irish student controversy (2015)

2015 yil 16 iyunda, The New York Times published an article reporting the deaths of six Irish students staying in Berkli, Kaliforniya when the balcony they were standing on collapsed, the paper's story insinuating that they were to blame for the collapse. The paper stated that the behavior of Irish students coming to the U.S. on J1 visas was an "embarrassment to Ireland".^[272] Irlandiyalik Taoiseach va avvalgi Irlandiya prezidenti criticized the newspaper for "being insensitive and inaccurate" in its handling of the story.^[273]

Nail salon series (2015)

2015 yil may oyida, a The New York Times fosh qilish tomonidan Sara Maslin Nir on the working conditions of manicurists in New York City and elsewhere^[274] va ular ta'sir qiladigan sog'liq uchun xavf^[275] keng e'tiborni tortdi, natijada Nyu-York gubernatori tomonidan favqulodda ish joyidagi majburiy harakatlar Endryu M. Kuomo.^[276] In July 2015, the story's claims of widespread illegally low wages were challenged by former The New York Times muxbir Richard Bernshteyn, ichida Nyu-York kitoblarining sharhi. Bernstein, whose wife owns two nail salons, asserted that such illegally low wages were inconsistent with his personal experience, and were not evidenced by ads in the Chinese-language papers cited by the story.^[277] The New York Times editorial staff subsequently answered Bernstein's criticisms with examples of several published ads and stating that his response was industry advocacy.^[278] Mustaqil Nyu-York Jamiyat muharriri, bundan oldin u Bernshteyn bilan yozishmalar olib borganini va uning shikoyatlarini ko'rib chiqqanini xabar qildi va voqeaning xabarlari ishonchli ekanligiga ishonch bildirdi.^[279]

In September and October 2015, nail salon owners and workers protested at The New York Times voqealar va undan keyingi Nyu-York shtatining tazyiqlariga javoban bir necha bor.^[280][281] Oktyabr oyida, Sabab jurnal published a three-part re-reporting of the story by Jim Epstein, charging that the series was filled with misquotes and factual errors respecting both its claims of illegally low wages and health hazards. Epstein additionally argued that The New York Times had mistranslated the ads cited in its answer to Bernstein, and that those ads actually validated Bernstein's argument.^{[282][283][284]}

2015 yil noyabr oyida, The New York Times' jamoat muharriri, ekspozitsiyaning "topilmalari va ularni ifodalash uchun ishlatilgan tilni qayta terish kerak edi - ba'zi hollarda jiddiy ravishda" degan xulosaga keldi va "The Times gazetasiga keyingi voqealarni, shu jumladan asl topilmalarini qayta ko'rib chiqadigan narsalarni yozishni tavsiya qildi. va bu salon egalari va boshqalarning tanqidiga sabab bo'ladi - bu mudofaa bilan emas, balki ochiq fikr bilan. "^[285]

Iran (2015)

A 2015 study found that The New York Times fed into an overarching tendency towards national bias. Davomida Eron yadro inqirozi the newspaper minimized the "negative processes" of the United States while overemphasizing similar processes of Iran. This tendency was shared by other papers such as The Guardian, Tehran Times, va Fars yangiliklar agentligi, esa Sinxua yangiliklar agentligi was found to be more neutral while at the same time mimicking the foreign policy of the Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi.^[286]

Hiring practices (2016)

In April 2016, two black female employees in their sixties filed a federal class-action lawsuit against The New York Times Company CEO Mark Tompson and chief revenue officer Meredith Levien, da'vo qilish yoshi, jins va irqiy kamsitish. The plaintiffs claimed that the Times advertising department favored younger white employees over older black employees in making firing and promotion decisions.^[287][288] The Times said that the suit was "entirely without merit" and was "a series of recycled, scurrilous and unjustified attacks."^[288] The plaintiffs' gender discrimination claims were subsequently dismissed by the court,^[289] and the court also later denied class certification as to the age and racial discrimination claims.^[290]

Elimination of copy editors (2018)

The New York Times announced plans to eliminate copy editing roles from the production of its daily newspaper and website content in June 2018. Executive Editor Din Baquet defended the cuts, saying that the Times needed to free up funds to hire more reporters by eliminating editing roles. (The opinion and magazine sections have still retained their copy editors.) The duties of copy editors—checking for style, grammar, factual correctness, tone, as well as writing headlines—were merged into all-purpose editing roles. Editors currently not only edit the content of the stories but also, in many cases, provide the final read before publication.

Many publications, such as the Oliy ta'lim xronikasi, have suggested the elimination of copy editors has led to more mistakes, such as typos and factual errors, in the paper.^[291] The journalism research organization similarly suggested in a blog post that the elimination of copy editors would decrease internal expertise and hurt the quality of the daily news report.^[292]

Views on Britain (2020)

In January 2020, British author and political commentator Duglas Myurrey buni da'vo qildi The New York Times was "waging a culture war vendetta against the [United Kingdom], but in doing so it is waging a campaign of misinformation against its own readers."^[293] Kelli Jeyn Torrance Tomoshabin said, "Ever since Britain voted Evropa Ittifoqini tark etish, the Gray Lady—as the paper is known, thanks to its pompous and earnest tone—has become relentlessly critical of the Buyuk Britaniya." Torrance went on to say "If you were to read only the New York Times, you'd think there was little hope for a backward, bigoted Britain."^[294]

Tom Cotton editorial (2020)

Davomida Jorj Floyd norozilik bildirmoqda in June 2020, the Times published an opinion piece by U.S. Senator Tom Paxta entitled "Send in the Troops", which called for the mobilization of the U.S. military in response to rioting, and for "an overwhelming show of force to disperse, detain and ultimately deter lawbreakers", and which contained claims about the protests that the Times had previously identified as misinformation. Several current and former Times reporters criticized the decision to publish the piece and accused the newspaper of publishing misinformation.^{[295][296][297][298]} The NewsGuild of New York said the piece encouraged violence and lacked context and vetting.^[298] A. G. Sulzberger and editorial page editor Jeyms Bennet defended the piece, but the paper later issued a statement saying the piece failed to meet its editorial standards and described its publication as the result of a "rushed editorial process".^[299] Bennet resigned days later.^[300]

Obro'-e'tibor

The Times has developed a national and international "reputation for thoroughness" over time.^[301] Among journalists, the paper is held in high regard; a 1999 survey of newspaper editors conducted by the Columbia Journalism Review deb topdi Times was the "best" American paper, ahead of Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal va Los Anjeles Tayms.^[302] The Times also was ranked #1 in a 2011 "quality" ranking of U.S. newspapers by Daniel de Vise of Washington Post; the objective ranking took into account the number of recent Pulitser mukofotlari won, circulation, and perceived Web site quality.^[302] A 2012 report in WNYC deb nomlangan Times "the most respected newspaper in the world."^[303] Noam Xomskiy, hammuallifi Ishlab chiqarish roziligi, dedi The New York Times was the first thing he looked at in the morning: "Despite all its flaws—and they're real—it still has the broadest, the most comprehensive coverage of I think any newspaper in the world."^[304]

Nevertheless, like many other U.S. media sources, the Times had suffered from a decline in public perceptions of credibility in the U.S. from 2004 to 2012.^[305] A Pyu tadqiqot markazi survey in 2012 asked respondents about their views on credibility of various news organizations. Among respondents who gave a rating, 49% said that they believed "all or most" of the Times's reporting, while 50% disagreed. A large percentage (19%) of respondents were unable to rate believability. The Times's score was comparable to that of USA Today.^[305] Media analyst Bruk Gladston of WNYC's Ommaviy axborot vositalarida uchun yozish The New York Times, says that the decline in U.S. public trust of the mass media can be explained (1) by the rise of the polarized Internet-driven news; (2) by a decline in trust in U.S. institutions more generally; and (3) by the fact that "Americans say they want accuracy and impartiality, but the polls suggest that, actually, most of us are seeking affirmation."^[306]

Mukofotlar

The New York Times has won 130 Pulitser mukofotlari, more than any other newspaper. The prize is awarded for excellence in journalism in a range of categories.^[307]

It has also, as of 2014^[yangilash], won three Peabody mukofotlari and jointly received two.^[308] Peabody Awards are given for accomplishments in television, radio, and online media.

Shuningdek qarang

• The New York Times bilan bog'liq tortishuvlar ro'yxati
• Nyu-York shahridagi gazeta va jurnallar ro'yxati
• Ro'yxati The New York Times xodimlar
• The New York Times Eng yaxshi sotuvchilar ro'yxati
• Nyu-York Tayms binosi (ajralish)
• "Nyu-York Tayms Tayms" muhim bilimlar uchun qo'llanma
• Nyu-York Tayms indeksi
•  Jurnalistika portali
•  Nyu-York shahri portali

Adabiyotlar

Izohlar

Iqtiboslar

Qo'shimcha o'qish

• Devis, Elmer Xolms (1921). New York Times tarixi, 1851–1921. The New York Times.
• Darxem, Meenakshi G. (2013 yil fevral). "'Shafqatsiz hujum Texas shahrini larzaga keltirdi ': jinsiy zo'ravonlik siyosati The New York Times' maktab o'quvchisining to'dasini zo'rlashi haqida ma'lumot ". Jurnalistika. 14 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1080 / 1461670X.2012.657907. S2CID  141709189.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Noks, Edvard S (2002 yil may). "'New York Times gazetasining Frantsiyaga qarashi ". Frantsiya sharhi. 75 (6): 1172–1180. JSTOR  3132941.
• Leff, Laurel (2000 yil 1 mart). "Achinarli" Oiladagi kurash ": The New York Times, Yahudiylik va qirg'inni isloh qiling ". Amerika yahudiylari tarixi. 88 (1): 3–51. doi:10.1353 / ajh.2000.0016. ISSN  1086-3141. JSTOR  23886315. S2CID  162283819.
• Shvarts, Daniel R. (2014 yil 2-yanvar). Oxirgi zamon?: Nyu-York Taymsdagi inqirozlar va notinchliklar, 1999-2009 yy. Albani: SUNY Press. ISBN  978-1438438962. OCLC  802059662.
• Solsberi, Harrison E. (1980). Qo'rquv va yoqimsiz: The New York Times va uning Times (Birinchi nashr). Nyu-York: Times kitoblari. ISBN  978-0812908855.
• Teylor, S. J. (1990 yil 29 mart). Stalinning apologi: Valter Dyuranti: "Nyu-York Tayms" ning Moskvadagi odami (1-nashr). Nyu-York: Oksford universiteti matbuoti. ISBN  978-0195057003.

Tashqi havolalar

Scholia bor tashkilot uchun profil The New York Times.

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• The New York Times kompaniyasi
• 1923 yilgacha bo'lgan eng ko'p sonli nashrlar to'plami da Onlayn kitoblar sahifasi
• Nyu-York Tayms Kompaniyasining yozuvlari (1836-2000) - Nyu-York ommaviy kutubxonasi
• The New York Times gazetasi tomonidan yoki u haqida da Internet arxivi (arxivlar)
• The New York Times nashrining asarlari da LibriVox (jamoat domenidagi audiokitoblar)
• "New + York + Times", Core.ac.uk, Ochiq kirish tadqiqot ishlari