Uembli Parki - Wembley Park

London metrosi bekati uchun qarang "Uembli Park" metro stantsiyasi.

Uembli Parki
View from top of steps, Wembley Park Station - geograph.org.uk - 456268.jpg
Vokzaldan janubga qarab, Olimpiada yo'li va Uembli stadioni tomon, 2007 y
Wembley Park is located in Greater London
Uembli Parki
Uembli Parki
Ichida joylashgan joy Buyuk London
Aholisi30.877 (Tokyngton va Barnhill palatalari 2011)
London tumani
Tantanali tumanBuyuk London
Mintaqa
MamlakatAngliya
Suveren davlatBirlashgan Qirollik
Pochta shaharchasiWEMBLEY
Pochta indeksiHA9
Pochta indeksiNW9
Kodni terish020
PolitsiyaMetropoliten
Yong'inLondon
Tez yordamLondon
Buyuk Britaniya parlamenti
London assambleyasi
Joylar ro'yxati
Buyuk Britaniya
Angliya
London
51 ° 33′47 ″ N. 0 ° 16′45 ″ V / 51.56314 ° N 0.27929 ° Vt / 51.56314; -0.27929Koordinatalar: 51 ° 33′47 ″ N. 0 ° 16′45 ″ V / 51.56314 ° N 0.27929 ° Vt / 51.56314; -0.27929

Uembli Parki ning tumani Londonning Brent shahri, Angliya. U taxminan Bridge-Road-da, shimoliy-sharqdan bir mil uzoqlikda joylashgan "Uembli" shahar markazi[1] va shimoli-g'arbdan 7,6 milya (12 km) Charing xoch.

Wembley Park nomi eng keng ma'noda, tarixiy qismdagi Uembli shimolidagi 18-asrning oxiridagi landshaft mulki chegaralariga to'g'ri keladigan maydonni anglatadi. Midlseks okrug. Ushbu mulkning bir qismi 1890-yillarda sotilgandan keyin rivojlanish joyiga aylandi Edvard Uotkin va Metropolitan temir yo'li maydonni kesib o'tish. Uembli Park katta shaharlik London shahri aholisi uchun zavq va tadbirlarga aylantirildi yarmarka maydoni u erda qilingan. Keyinchalik bu asosiy sohaga aylandi Metro-quruqlik 1920-yillarda shahar atrofi rivojlanishi - o'sha o'n yil Empire stadioni qurilgan va Britaniya imperiyasi ko'rgazmasi o'tkazildi.[2] "Uembli Park" bugun ham dam olish maskani bo'lib qolmoqda "Uembli" stadioni, Angliyaning asosiy futbol stadioni va yirik sport va ko'ngilochar joy; shu qatorda; shu bilan birga "Uembli Arena", kontsert o'tkaziladigan joy; Boshqalar orasida.

Bugungi kunda ushbu maydon 2000-yillarning boshidan boshlangan stadion majmuasi yaqinida chakana savdo va uy-joy qurilishining yangi sxemalarini davom ettirmoqda. The Chalkhill uy-joy massivi shu hududda joylashgan. Sharqda katta sanoat erlari joylashgan bo'lib, unga stadion sanoat mulki deb nom berilgan Brent parki; uning shimolida joylashgan Frayent kantri va uning shimoliy-sharqiy qismida Welsh arfa.

Tarix

Sahifa oilasi

"Uembli" Harrou cherkovida bo'lgan va "Uembli" ning manorasi sub-manor bo'lgan Harrow. Bu tegishli edi Kilburnning ustuvorligi. Keyin Monastirlarning tugatilishi, Priori Uembli va Tokyngton Richard Peyjga tegishli bo'ldi.

Peyj oilasi, muvaffaqiyatli mahalliy dehqonlar, monastirlar tarqatib yuborilguniga qadar erni ijaraga berishgan.[3] Sahifalar eng katta va eng boy oilalardan biriga aylandi Midlseks.

18-asrning birinchi yarmida hozirgi Uembli bog'i qishloq xo'jaligi erlaridan va hozirgi Uembli Xill yo'li bo'ylab joylashgan bir nechta fermer xo'jaliklaridan iborat edi. Ushbu fermer xo'jaliklaridan biri "Wellers" deb nomlangan, katta shiftli ko'k shiftli, tomi 1700 yildan keyin qurilgan.

Richard Peyj va Xempri Repton

Richard Peyj (1771 yilda vafot etgan) manor egasi va xo'jayini edi. U Uembli g'arbidagi Sudberida yashagan. Taxminan 1787 yilda uning o'g'li, shuningdek Richard (1748-1803) deb nomlangan bo'lib, "Wellers" ni qishloq joyiga aylantirib, atrofidagi maydonlarni obodonlashtirishga aylantirmoqchi edi.

1792 yilda Richard Peyj mashhur landshaft arxitektorini ishga qabul qilishga qaror qildi Xempri Repton (1752-1818) qishloq xo'jaligi erlarini o'rmonzorlarga aylantirish va uyni obodonlashtirish uchun. Repton Peyjning mulkidan aniq taassurot qoldirdi. U shunday deb yozgan edi: "metropol atrofida, Uemblingdagi maydon kabi to'xtashdan xoli bo'lgan joylar kam; va, haqiqatan ham, o'z tajribam davomida Londonning shunchalik yaqin masofasida hech qanday joyni ko'rmadim. ... Vembling yetmish masofada bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan qadar etti millik masofada jim va nafaqaga chiqqan ".[4]

Keyinchalik, 1793 yil may oyida do'stimga xat yozganimda, Repton Uembli haqida "chorshanba kuni men Xarrow yaqinidagi eng go'zal joyga boraman. Qani endi buni sizga ko'rsatsam edi" deb yozgan edi. Repton o'zining obodonlashtirgan joylarini ko'pincha "parklar" deb atagan va shuning uchun Uembli Park o'z nomiga ham, kelib chiqishiga ham qarzdor. Xempri Repton.[5]

Repton tomonidan obodonlashtirilgan maydon hozirgi Uembli parkidan kattaroq edi. U shimolga Barn tepaligining janubiy yon bag'irlarini o'z ichiga olgan bo'lib, u erda Repton daraxtlar ekib, "istiqbolli uy" qurishni boshladi - park maydonini tomosha qilishni taklif qiladigan gothic minorasi. Repton, shuningdek, Uembli bog'ining g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Uembli Xill yo'lida omon qolgan uyni loyihalashtirgan bo'lishi mumkin. U tez-tez ishlatib turadigan, "yozgi orne" nomi bilan tanilgan uslubda. Xempri Repton Qizil kitoblarga o'z dizaynlarini yozib qo'yish odat tusiga kirgan, ammo bu taxminlarga javob beradigan "Uembli Park" uchun omon qolgani yo'q.[6][7][8]

Richard Peyj Uembli Parkiga qiziqishni yo'qotdi, qisman u to'liq tugallanganini meros qilib olgani uchun Imkoniyat Jigarrang (1716–1783) Xarrowdagi Flambardlar manzarasi, shuning uchun uyning o'zi hech qachon Repton tomonidan ta'mirlanmagan.[9] Barn tepasidagi minora ham hech qachon tugamagan. U "Sahifaning ahmoqligi" deb nomlandi (keyingi misolida bo'lgani kabi) Watkin minorasi ) va oxir-oqibat buzib tashlangan.[10]

Jon Grey

Uy 1802 yilda London brendi savdogari Jon Greyga (1828 yilda vafot etgan) sotilganga o'xshaydi. Peyj oilasi parkning Barn Xill qismini, 91 gektar (77 gektar) qismini saqlab qoldi.

Grey 1811-1814 yillarda 14000 funt sterling evaziga uyni ta'mirladi va kengaytirdi. U shuningdek, 18-asr oxiri yoki 19-asrning boshlarida Uembli Xill yo'lidagi kottej ornesi turar joyi uchun, agar u Page tomonidan Repton tomonidan qurilmagan bo'lsa, javobgar bo'lishi mumkin. Kim uni qurgan bo'lsa, Uembldagi eng qadimiy mulk deb o'ylashadi.[7][11][12]

Barn Tepalik qismisiz ham Uembli parki mulki g'arbda hozirgi Uembli Xill yo'lidan sharqda Brent daryosigacha va janubdagi zamonaviy Chiltern chizig'idan qirq yo'lakgacha bo'lgan 327 gektar maydonni (132 gektar) egallagan. shimol.

Hozirgi Empire Way (dastlab Raglan bog'lari) endi Reptonning landshaftini ikkiga ajratadi. Uembli Park Mansion, hozirda Greyni takomillashtirishning bir qismi sifatida gipsli (va mahalliy sifatida "Oq uy" nomi bilan tanilgan), Empire Wayning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan, parkning ko'p qismi esa sharqda joylashgan.

Uembli Parki 1834 yilda "oqilona joylashtirilgan, yaxshi o'stirilgan yog'ochlar bilan chiroyli tarzda diversifikatsiya qilingan, chunki bu boshqa joyda juda kam bo'lgan, ammo metropoldan ancha uzoqlikda joylashgan". Keyinchalik mehmonlar uyning g'arbiy qismida "toqqa, yozda yoqimli chekinish - eski ma'bad va yozgi uy bilan jihozlangan tinchlik manzarasini" tasvirlab berishdi.

1880 yilda Metropolitan temir yo'li Uembli Parkini kesib o'tib, Uillesden Grindan tortib Harrowgacha uzaytirildi. Temir yo'l kompaniyasi Greyning o'g'li, shuningdek Jon deb nomlanganidan 47 gektar (19 gektar) er sotib oldi. U 1887 yilda vafot etdi. Ikki yildan so'ng "Uembli Park" ni Metropolitan Railway Company 32,500 funt sterlingga sotib oldi.[7][13] Uning raisi edi Ser Edvard Uotkin (1819–1901).

Uotkin va Uembli parki

Uembli Parkning eskiz rejasi, unda asosiy rejalashtirilgan Watkin minorasi, v. 1894 yil

Ser Edvard Uotkin, Metropolitan Railway Company raisi, Britaniyaning yangi bilan raqobatlashadigan kattaroq va yaxshiroq minoraga ega bo'lishini xohladi Eyfel minorasi Parijda. Votkin, shuningdek, ushbu minora va unga bog'liq bo'lgan bog'lar uning Metropolitan temir yo'liga yo'lovchilarni olib keladi deb umid qildi. Beyker-stritdan poezdga bor-yo'g'i 12 daqiqada borgan Uembli parki eng yaxshi joy bo'lib tuyulardi. Vatkin raisi bo'lgan minora qurilishini moliyalashtirish uchun Xalqaro (keyinchalik Metropolitan) Tower Construction Company tashkil etildi. Uembli bog'ining muhim qismini Metropolitan temir yo'lidan ijaraga oldi.[11][14]

Bog 'kriket va futbol maydonchalari, katta yugurish yo'lagi, choy pagodalari, stendlar, ko'l, to'qqiz teshikli golf maydonchasi, estrada teatri va trotting ringi bilan faxrlanadigan katta zavq bog'iga aylandi. Uembli Parkining yangi stantsiyasida xizmat ko'rsatgan, 1894 yil may oyida rasmiy ravishda ochilgan, garchi u 1893 yil oktyabrdan shanba kunlari zavq bog'larida futbol o'yinlarini o'tkazish uchun ochiq bo'lgan.[15]

Minora dizayni 1890 yil mart oyida bo'lib o'tgan tanlov orqali tanlangan. Hakamlar oxir-oqibat 500 gvineya mukofotini Styuart, Maklaren va Dunning 1200 metrlik po'lat minorasi dizayniga berishdi. Dastlab sakkiz oyoqli bo'lishni rejalashtirgan, reja arzonroq to'rt oyoqli dizaynga o'zgartirildi va balandligi 1150 futgacha qisqartirildi. Ikki bosqich bo'lishi kerak edi, biri 155 fut yuqoriga, ikkinchisi yarim yo'lda, cho'qqida tomosha maydoni. Platformalarda "restoranlar, teatr, do'konlar, Turk hammomlari, sayilgohlar va qishki bog'lar. "[16][17] 1892 yilda poydevor qo'yilgan va Watkin minorasi 1896 yilda ochilgan.

1894 yilning ikkinchi choragida Uembli bog'iga 100 mingdan ortiq odam tashrif buyurgan, ammo bu 1895 yil davomida 120 mingga, 1896 yilda esa atigi 100 mingga kamaydi. Dastlabki mashhurlikka qaramay, minora katta olomonni jalb qila olmadi. 1896 yilda Parkga tashrif buyurgan 100000 kishining beshdan biridan kamrog'i minoraga ko'tarilish uchun to'langan.

1902 yilda hozirda "Watkin's Fly" deb nomlanuvchi minora xavfli deb e'lon qilindi va jamoat uchun yopiq. 1904 yilda inshootni buzishga qaror qilindi, bu jarayon 1907 yilda poydevorlarni portlovchi moddalar tomonidan yo'q qilinishi bilan tugadi va erdagi to'rtta katta teshiklarni qoldirdi.[15][18][19][20]

Minoraning yo'qolishi bog'ning ommaviy dam olish maskani sifatida jozibasini kamaytirmadi va u futbol, ​​kriket, velosiped, eshkak eshish, yengil atletika va qishda muzlatilgan ko'lda konkida uchishni davom ettirdi. 1907 yildan so'ng parkdagi Varete Hall kinostudiya sifatida ishlatilgan Walturdaw Company Limited tomonidan tashkil etilgan E.G. Turner. 1912 yilda 18 teshikli golf maydonchasi ochilgan va Birinchi Jahon urushi oxirida 100 dan ortiq sport klublari parkdan foydalangan.[15][21][22][23]

1889 yildan keyin Metropoliten temir yo'li janubi-g'arbiy qismida yo'llar qurdi "Uembli Park" metro stantsiyasi, Uembli bog'ining o'sha qismida zavq bog'lariga yoki Metropolitan trassasiga ajratilmagan. 1908 yilda Wembley Park Mansion yangi Manor Drive-ning qurilishiga ruxsat berish uchun buzib tashlandi. Bu uy 1905 yildagi monastir bo'lib, u erdan qochgan frantsuz rohibalari yashagan Uchinchi respublika Cherkov va davlatning ajralib chiqishi.[5][15][24][25]

1906 yilda Buyuk Markaziy temir yo'l o'rtasida chiziq va bir nechta stantsiyalar ochildi Nizden va Northolt Junction (bugun Janubiy Ruislip ) yangi qurilgan Buyuk G'arbiy va Buyuk Markaziy qo'shma chiziq bilan bog'langan joyda. Buyuk Markaziyning ushbu qisqa yo'nalishdagi eng janubiy stantsiyasi (va shuning uchun uning janubidagi stantsiya, uning terminalidan tashqari Marylebone ) edi Uembli Xill, Uembli parkidagi zavq bog'larining janubida.[24]

Britaniya imperiyasi ko'rgazmasi

Britaniya imperiyasi ko'rgazmasidagi muhandislik saroyi, 1924 y

1921 yilda Britaniya hukumati saytni joylashtirishga qaror qildi Britaniya imperiyasi ko'rgazmasi Uembli Parkida, saytida Edvard Uotkin zavq bog'lari. Shahar tuman Kengashi ko'rgazmaga qarshi edi, ammo uning e'tirozlari bekor qilindi.[26] "Uembli" stadioni (keyin Empire stadioni) Ko'rgazma uchun qurilgan va mashhur bo'lib 1923 yil Angliya kubogi finali u erda o'ynagan.[27][28][29][30][31]

Ko'p narsa Xempri Repton Uembli bog'ining manzarasi 1922-1923 yillarda ko'rgazmaga tayyorgarlik paytida o'zgargan.[7]

Pavilionlar va kioskalardan tashqari ko'l, ko'ngil ochish marosimi, bog 'va ishlaydigan ko'mir koni mavjud edi. Shuningdek, ko'plab restoranlar mavjud edi, ulardan eng qimmatlari - ko'rgazma bog'lari yaqinidagi Lucullus restorani (1925 yilda Uembli Garden Club restorani). 1924 yilda J. Lyons ovqatlanish monopoliyasini olib borgan, ammo hind pavilyonidagi restoranda hind oshpazlari ishlatilgan va Edvard Palmer "xonim Veerasvami [sic] & Co" dan maslahat bergan. "restoranda hind maslahatchisi" sifatida xizmat qilish. 1925 yilda Veeraswamy & Co hind restoranini boshqargan, garchi iqtisodiy va siyosiy sabablarga ko'ra Hindiston hukumati 1925 yilgi mavsumda qatnashmagan bo'lsa. Veeraswamy & Co. keyinchalik Angliyada ingliz-hindistonlik bo'lmagan oq mijozlarga mo'ljallangan birinchi hind restoraniga asos solgan, yilda Regent ko'chasi. U hali ham omon qoladi va mukofotlangan Mishel yulduzi 2016 yilda.[32][33][34][35][36]

The Britaniya imperiyasi ko'rgazmasi 1924 yildan 1925 yilgacha davom etdi va foyda keltirmadi yoki idealga milliy bog'liqlikni qat'iyan mustahkamlay olmadi. Britaniya imperiyasi, qildi "Uembli" uy nomi. Artur Elvin Empire stadioni binosini qutqarish, keyinchalik buni ta'minladi[tushuntirish kerak ] davom etdi va Uembli bog'i Londonning g'arbiy qismida taniqli mehmonlarning diqqatga sazovor joyi bo'lib qoladi, garchi Ko'rgazma maydonining katta qismi engil muhandislik tomonidan qabul qilingan bo'lsa ham.[24]

Urushlararo shahar atrofi rivojlanishi va "Metroland"

Uembli Parkining janubi-g'arbiy qismida bir nechta katta uylar qurilgan edi "Uembli Park" metro stantsiyasi, 1890-yillarning boshlarida. 1906 yilda, Watkin's Tower yopilganda, Tower Company Wembleyni rivojlantirish maqsadida Wembley Park Estate Company (keyinchalik Wembley Ltd.) ga aylandi. shahar atrofi.[5][21]

Boshqa temir yo'llardan farqli o'laroq, Metropoliten temir yo'llari o'zining temir yo'llari bilan bir qatorda er sotib olib, keyinchalik uy-joylarni rivojlantirgan. 1880 va 1890 yillarda u Uillesden Park mulkini yaqinida rivojlantirgan Willesden Green stantsiyasi va 1900-yillarning boshlarida u erni rivojlantirdi Pinner, shuningdek, Uembli Parkini rivojlantirishni rejalashtirish.[37]

1915 yilda Metropolitan temir yo'lining reklama bo'limi "atamasini yaratdiMetro-quruqlik ’Va kompaniyaning yillik qo'llanmasiga ushbu nomni berdi.[38][39][40][41]

1924 yildagi Metro-quruqlik yo'riqchisi Uembli bog'ini "so'nggi yillarda tez-tez turar-joy mavzei sifatida rivojlangan" deb ta'riflab, unga bir necha daqiqada boradigan bir necha golf maydonchalari borligini ta'kidladi.[42]

Metrolandning dastlabki rivojlanishlaridan biri 123 gektar Chalkhillda, Xempri Repton Uembli parki. Metropolitan Railway Country Estates u yaratilgandan ko'p o'tmay erni sotib oldi va 1921 yilda uchastkalarni sotishni boshladi. Temir yo'l hatto mol-mulkka qurilish materiallarini olib kelish uchun siding qo'ydi.[43]

The Britaniya imperiyasi ko'rgazmasi shahar atrofini rivojlantirishni yanada rag'batlantirdi va qo'ydi deb aytish mumkin edi "Uembli" xaritada yana bir bor kerakli joy sifatida. Uembli kanalizatsiyasi yaxshilandi, hududdagi ko'plab yo'llar to'g'rilandi va kengaytirildi va yangi avtobus qatnovlari ish boshladi. Mehmonlar "Uembli" bilan tanishishdi va ba'zilari keyinchalik ularni joylashtirish uchun uylar qurib bo'lingandan keyin bu erga ko'chib ketishdi. 1921-1928 yillarda "Uembli Park" va qo'shni Metropolitan stantsiyalarida chiptalar savdosi 700% dan oshdi. G'arbiy Londonning aksariyat qismi singari, Uembli bog'i va uning atrofining aksariyati, asosan, nisbatan past zichlikdagi shahar atrofi uylari bilan 1939 yilga qadar qurilgan.[24][44]

Ushbu aholiga 1500 kishilik yangi kinoteatr xizmat ko'rsatdi Elita Keyinchalik (1930 yildan) 1928 yil 21 martda ochilgan Kapitoliy. Kino Britaniya imperiyasi ko'rgazmasining Raglan bog'laridagi (hozirgi Empire Way) sobiq konferents zalida joylashgan.[45][46]

Kino va televizion studiyalar

1926 yilda British Talking Pictures ochildi Uembli Park studiyasi Britaniya imperiyasi ko'rgazmasining eng yaxshi ovqatlanish restorani bo'lgan joyda. 1920-yillarning oxirlarida qayta tiklanganda, Uembli studiyasi Britaniyaning birinchi maqsadli ovozli bosqichiga aylanadi, garchi u ochilganidan ko'p o'tmay, 1929 yil oktyabr oyida yong'in paytida jiddiy zarar ko'rgan. Ehtimol, yong'in tufayli studiya hech qachon kutilganidek muvaffaqiyatli bo'lmagan. Uni egallab oldi Yigirmanchi asr tulki qilish 'kvota tezkorlari ', keyin esa va undan keyin pasayishga tushib ketdi Ikkinchi jahon urushi.[47][48]

1955 yilda "Uembli" kinostudiyasi tomonidan qabul qilindi Birlashtirilgan-Rediffuziya, ITV ning London uchun ish kunidagi translyatsiyalari. Rediffusion o'sha paytda Evropada eng katta bo'lgan yangi 1 000 000 funt sterling televizion studiyani qo'shdi. Bitlz u erda bir necha bor, xususan 1964 yil 28 aprelda ijro etilgan.[49][50]

1968 yilda Rediffusion o'zining franchayzasini yo'qotdi. London hafta oxiri televideniesi studiyadan foydalanishda davom etdi, ammo u egallab olinmaguncha tanazzulga uchradi Favvoralar studiyasi 1993 yilda.[51]

2016 yilda Fountain Studio egasi Avesco o'tgan yilgi moliyaviy zararlar haqida hisobot bergandan so'ng, studiyalarni Quintain-ga sotish to'g'risida qaror qabul qildi.[52]

2018 yil may oyida studiyalar 2018 yilning ikkinchi yarmida Troubador teatrlari (Wembley Park Theatre Ltd egasi bo'lgan kompaniya) va bar va restoranlarning egiluvchan 1000-2000 teatri sifatida ochilishi haqida e'lon qilindi.[53] Ushbu teatr ochildi Troubadur Uembli Park teatri 2019 yil yozida.[54]

Empire hovuzi

1938 yilda Empire hovuz ichida

1932 yilda Artur Elvin, 1920-yillarda stadionni qutqargan, xostingga bo'lgan qiziqishni rivojlantirgan Muzli xokkey. U muz maydoniga aylantirilishi mumkin bo'lgan yopiq olimpiada suzish havzasini qurishga qaror qildi. Shuningdek, u suzish tadbirlari uchun joy ajratib beradi 2-imperiya o'yinlari 1934 yilda bo'lib o'tgan.

Deb nomlangan bino Empire Pool, muhandis tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Ouen Uilyams. Uilyams 1934 yil 25-iyulda ochilgan noyob beton konstruktsiyasini qurdi.[55][56][57] Endi deyiladi SSE Arena.

Bino Ikkinchi Jahon urushi boshlangunga qadar jamoat suzish havzasi sifatida xizmat qilgan. U oxirgi marta suzish uchun ishlatilgan, chunki u suvda o'tkaziladigan tadbirlarni o'tkazgan 1948 yilgi Olimpiada.[55] O'tgan yillar davomida u erda ko'plab sport va ko'ngilochar tadbirlar o'tkazilib kelinmoqda basketbol muz ustida pantomimalarga. 1959 yildan va ayniqsa 1960-yillarning oxiridan boshlab SSE Arena mashhur musiqa bilan tobora ko'proq bog'lanib bormoqda, "Bitlz" dan "Stoungacha", "Boui" dan "Madonnaga" qadar bo'lgan har bir yirik rassomni qabul qiladi.[58]

Uembli shahar zali

Sobiq Brent shahar zali

1937-1940 yillar orasida Uembli tuman kengashi ularni qurgan yangi shahar zali yilda Kingsbury chegaralarida Repton original Wembley Park. U tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Klifford g'alati va tomonidan tavsiflanadi Pevsner "London atrofidagi zamonaviy shahar zallarining eng yaxshisi, na xayolparast, na jirkanch".[59]

1964 yilda yangi Londonning Brent shahri shahar hokimligini egallab oldi. Bu yangi kunga qadar Brent shtab-kvartirasi bo'lib qoldi Brent fuqarolik markazi, shuningdek, Uembli bog'ida, 2013 yilda ochilgan.

Uembli shahar zali binosi qayta tiklandi Londondagi Xalqaro Lisey Uinston Cherchill, sentyabr oyida 2015. Qayta tiklashda original dizaynning ko'plab elementlari saqlanib qolgan.[60][61]

Ikkinchi jahon urushi

Davomida Ikkinchi jahon urushi dastlab hukumat yirik ommaviy tadbirlarni taqiqlagan, ammo keyinchalik bu ruhiy tushkunlikka olib keladigan ta'sirga ega ekanligini anglagan. Sport tadbirlari, shu jumladan futbol uchrashuvlari, "Uembli" ga yana bir oz vaqt bo'lsa ham qaytdi Dunkirk stadion Favqulodda tarqatish markaziga aylandi va keyinchalik bosib olingan mamlakatlardan qochqinlar joylashdi. Empire Pool evakuatsiya qilish uchun doimiy yotoqxona sifatida ishlatilgan Gibraltariyaliklar, keng derazalari qoraygan holda.[24][62]

Artur Elvin harbiy xizmatchilar va xizmat ayollariga bepul kirishni taklif qildi va urush xayriya tashkilotlariga yordam berdi.[63][64] Stadionda norasmiy kubok finallari, shuningdek, xalqaro maydonlarda uy egalariga qarshi uchrashuvlar bo'lib o'tdi va tazilar poygasi faqat kunduzgi soatlarda qaytishdi, Kanada qo'shinlari esa xokkeyni kuchaytirdi.

Stadion yashirish uchun juda katta edi va nemis samolyotlari bu joyni aniqlash uchun foydalangan. Shuningdek, ular Uembli parkiga bomba tashladilar. Kamida ikkitasi sobiq Britaniya imperiyasining ko'rgazma maydonchasiga, bittasi Uembli Park stantsiyasining yaqiniga, ba'zilari esa Empire Way g'arbidagi shahar atrofidagi uylarga qulab tushdi. Uembli Parkidagi engil sanoat urush harakatlariga yordam berdi, ammo bu erda bombalarning kam konsentratsiyasi Tokyngton janubida, uning jiddiy nishonga olinmaganligini ko'rsatadi Luftwaffe.[65] 1944 yilda a V1 uchar bomba ustiga tushdi toza it pitomniklar. Ikki it qurbon bo'lgan va 60 ga yaqin ko'chaga qochib ketgan "Uembli".[66] 2015 yil may oyida qayta qurish ishlari davomida portlatilmagan 50 kilogrammli bomba topildi.[67]

1945 yil 13-mayda Evropada urushning oxiri minnatdorchilik xizmati tomonidan nishonlandi "Uembli" stadioni 17 iyun kuni o'sha joyda G'alabani qayta ko'rib chiqish va xotirlash xizmati. 1945 yil 26-mayda, Angliya birinchi "Uembli International" ni ingliz bo'lmagan tomonga qarshi o'tkazdi va 2: 2 hisobida durang o'ynadi Frantsiya 65000 tomoshabin oldida.[68][69]

Urush tugaguniga qadar bir milliondan ortiq xizmat xodimlari tashrif buyurishdi "Uembli", shuningdek ko'plab tinch aholi vakillari.[70]

1948 yilgi Olimpiada

Olimpiya mash'alasi "Empire" stadioniga etib keladi 1948 yil yozgi Olimpiya o'yinlari

1946 yil mart oyida, urushdan xalos bo'lgan Angliya o'zini kutib olishga taklif qildi Olimpiya o'yinlari o'z tarixida ikkinchi marta misli ko'rilmagan global voqeani boshqarish va dunyoga urushning eng yomon oqibatlari o'tmishda bo'lganligini namoyish etish imkoniyatini ko'rib.[71][72][73]

Tayyorgarlik vaqti cheklangan edi. Bunday paytda sport bayrami haqiqatan ham zarurmi yoki yo'qmi deb bahslashishdi, ammo umuman olganda, bu faqatgina engil relyef elementi va taraqqiyotning keng tasvirini olib kelishi mumkinligi haqida kelishib olindi, unga boshqa xalqlar bemalol murojaat qilishi mumkin edi.[72]

Artur Elvin ta'minlangan "Uembli" sayt bepul.[nima bilan? ] Stadiondan tashqari va Empire Pool, ba'zilari eski Britaniya imperiyasi ko'rgazmasi binolar, xususan, muhandislik saroyi ishlatilgan, shuning uchun yangi joylar kerak emas edi. Olimpiya yo'li nemis tilidan foydalanib, 120 ming funt sterling evaziga qurilgan Asir mehnat.[74][75][76]

"Uembli" Sport inshootlari urushdan yaxshi holatda qutulgan va Olimpiya musobaqalari uchun etarli deb hisoblangan.[77] "Uembli" stadioni ochilish marosimlari, yengil atletika musobaqasi va boshqa tadbirlarga mezbonlik qildi. Yong'in chiqindilaridan yasalgan shlakli yo'l "Lester", stadion ichiga yotqizilgan.[78]

Oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini iste'mol qilish me'yori hali ham amalda edi, ammo Niderlandiya kabi boshqa raqobatdosh davlatlar o'zlarining hissalarini qo'shdilar. Sportchilarga kuniga 5500 kaloriya miqdorida docker yoki konchi ratsioni bilan teng ravishda oshirilgan ratsion berildi. O'yinlar hozirgacha ko'rilgan eng hashamatli miqyosda edi, ularni yig'ish uchun atigi 730 ming funt sarflangan. Ular tejamkorlik o'yinlari deb nomlanishdi. Ko'pgina britaniyalik sportchilar jamoat transportida o'yinlarga kelishdi. Hatto "oltin" medallar ham oksidlangan kumushdan qilingan.[79]

Biroq, har bir terma jamoaga forma kiygan ayol haydovchi bo'lgan transport vositasi ajratildi.[80]

O'yinlar soat 16.00 da ochildi. (Big Benda reklama adabiyotida ko'rsatilgan vaqt) 1948 yil 29-iyulda. Birinchi kuni 80,000 tomoshabin bor edi.[81]

1936 yilgi Berlin Olimpiadasi televidenie orqali namoyish etilgan bo'lsa ham, Uembli o'yinlari BBC televideniesi tomonidan namoyish etilgan birinchi Olimpiada edi. Televizorga ega bo'lganlar kam edi, ammo shunga qaramay, yangi vosita O'yinlarni ilgari Angliya jamoatchiligi ko'rmagan darajada targ'ib qilishga yordam berdi.[79]

The Empire Pool suzish joyi sifatida hech qachon katta muvaffaqiyatga erishmagan edi, ammo bu Olimpiada uchun juda mos edi. Olimpiadada birinchi marta suzish bo'yicha tadbirlar yopiq holda o'tkazildi. Imperiya hovuzi Olimpiya o'yinlarining standart uzunligi 50 metrdan uzunroq bo'lganligi sababli, hovuz bo'ylab platforma qurilgan bo'lib, uni qisqartirgan va rasmiylarni joylashtirishi mumkin edi.[82]

Empire hovuzida bo'lgani kabi boks va sho'ng'in ham bo'lib o'tdi Empire o'yinlari 1934 yilda.[79]

Stadionda ob-havoning yomonligi va yugurish yo'lining sifati pastligi yengil atletika musobaqalari vaqtini sekinlashtirdi. O'yinlar tarixidagi eng kam Olimpiya rekordlari shu paytgacha o'rnatildi, ammo taqiqlangan ayollar musobaqasi 10 taga kengaytirildi[tushuntirish kerak ] 200 metrga yugurish, uzunlikka sakrash va o'q otish bilan qo'shib berilgan tadbirlar.

Britaniya Gvianasi (hozirgi Gayana), Birma (hozirgi Myanma), Seylon (hozirgi Shri-Lanka), Eron, Iroq, Yamayka, Koreya, Livan, Pokiston, Puerto-Riko, Singapur, Suriya, Trinidad va Tobago va Venesuela hammasi bo'lib jamoalarni yuborishgan. birinchi marta. 1948 yilgi o'yinlar birinchi xalqaro musobaqa edi Filippinlar, Hindiston va Pokiston rasmiy ravishda mustaqil davlatlar sifatida kirdi. Jamoa sifatida Hindiston dala xokkey musobaqasida mustaqil davlat sifatida birinchi medalni qo'lga kiritdi. Ular finalda Britaniyani 4: 0 hisobida mag'lubiyatga uchratganlarida, ularga oltin (shuningdek, ularning birinchi Olimpiya g'alabasi) topshirildi.[83]

Germaniya va Yaponiya Ikkinchi Jahon urushidagi tajovuzkor rollari tufayli o'yinlarga taklif qilinmadi. The Sovet Ittifoqi taklif qilindi, ammo ular rad etishdi. Ammo o'yinlarda boshqa kommunistik blok mamlakatlari, jumladan Vengriya, Yugoslaviya va Polsha.

Jami 4110 sportchi ishtirok etdi, bu 59 mamlakatdan rekord darajada (barcha raqiblarning 90% erkaklar). Bu 2012 yilgi London o'yinlarida 204 mamlakatdan kelgan 10 000 sportchi bilan taqqoslaganda.[72][79]

Bir qator tadbirlar Olimpiadadagi debyutini o'tkazdi "Uembli" 1948 yilda ayollar, shu jumladan 200 metrga uzunlikka sakrash va yadro uloqtirish.[84]

Ushbu o'yinlarda eng muvaffaqiyatli individual sportchi bo'ldi Fanni Blankers-Koen Gollandiyaning "Uchib ketgan uy bekasi" nomi bilan tanilgan. Ko'pchilik raqobatlashishga qodir emas deb hisoblagan 30 yoshli uch farzandli ona to'rtta oltin medalni qo'lga kiritgan paytda homilador bo'lgan: 100 metr, 200 metr, balandligi 80 metr bo'lgan to'siqlar va 4 x 100 metrga estafetada. . U shuningdek uzunlikka sakrash va balandlikka sakrash bo'yicha jahon rekordchisi bo'lgan va ushbu sport turlarida keyingi medallarni qo'lga kiritishi mumkin edi, ammo ayol sportchilar uchta shaxsiy musobaqada cheklanib qolishdi.[79]

Uembli bog'idagi barcha olimpiya tadbirlarida milliondan ortiq odam qatnashdi.[74]

Britaniya jami 20 ta medal bilan yakunlandi, ulardan uchtasi oltin, medallar jadvalida 12-o'rinni egallab turibdi. Medallar soni 84taga etdi, shu jumladan 34 ta oltin.[79]

Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyingi stadion va Empire Pool

1986 va 2003 yillarda Olimpiya yo'li

Speedway 1946 yilda stadionga qaytdi. 1940 yillarning oxiri sportning gullab-yashnagan davri edi. The "Uembli sherlari" 1948 yilda tarafdorlar klubi 61 ming a'zodan iborat edi va bitta yig'ilishga 85 ming kishi tashrif buyurdi, 20 ming kishi esa natijalarni tashqarida radio orqali tinglashdi. 1970-1971 yillardagi qisqa tiklanishni hisobga olmasa, Speedway 1957 yilda "Uembli" da tugagan.[85]

Urushdan keyingi yillarda stadionda diniy tadbirlar ham bo'lib o'tdi (1950 yilda Rim-katolik bayrami, 1951 yilda Yahova Shohidlarining yig'ilishi va Billi Grem 1954 yilda Buyuk London salib yurishi), shuningdek, ayollar xokkeylari.[86] Amerika futboli birinchi marta 1952 yilda o'ynagan, ammo 1980-yillarga qadar "Uembli" ning asosiy tarkibiga aylanmagan.[87]

"Uembli" asosan futbol bilan mashhur bo'lib qoldi. 1953 yilgi Angliya Kubogi finali "the" nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi Metyu final ’, Chunki 38 yoshda "Blekpul" tashqi-o'ng Stenli Metyus nihoyat Angliya Kubogi G'oliblari medaliga sazovor bo'ldi, chunki uning mahorati shunchalik loyiq edi, garchi xet-trik "Blekpul" ga g'alaba keltirdi Sten Mortensen.

1955 yilda stadionga projektorlar o'rnatildi.[29]

1940-yillarning oxiri va 50-yillari davomida imperiya hovuzida hukmronlik davom etdi Muzli xokkey, konkida uchish, boks va tennis. Urushdan keyin yangi voqealar joriy etildi, shu bilan birga Sog'liqni saqlash va go'zallik ayollar ligasining yig'ilishi (1946), dart (1948), All American roller skating Show (shuningdek, 1949 yildagi konkida yakkaxonliklari nomi bilan ham tanilgan), muz ustidagi pantomimalar (birinchi bo'lib Dik Uittington muz ustida, 1951 yilda) va Gollivud yulduzlari tomonidan yaratilgan suzish ko'zoynagi Buster Crabbe va Ester Uilyams. Bular oxirgisi suvni ushlab turish uchun vaqtinchalik inshootlardan foydalanishlari kerak edi, chunki basseynning o'zi endi foydalanishga yaroqsiz edi.[88]

Hovuzda xalqaro basketbol iliq bo'lganidan oldin o'ynagan edi, ammo endi u asosiy rolni o'ynab, odatiy holga aylandi Harlem Globetrotters 1950 yildan 1982 yilgacha "Uembli" da o'ynagan.[88][89]

Eng muhimi, pul yig'ishni maqsad qilgan ikkita mashhur musiqiy kontsert Vera Lin SOS xayriya tashkiloti 1959 yilda o'tkazilgan. Bular mart oyida "Record Star Show" va 17 oktyabrda "Starlight Dance". 9000 kishi Record Star Show-ga tashrif buyurdi va Starlight Dance ham bir xil darajada muvaffaqiyatli bo'ldi. Ommabop musiqiy tadbirlarning katta, yangi tomoshabinlarni jalb qilganligi kashfiyoti keyingi o'n yilliklarda Empire Poolning taklifini tubdan o'zgartiradi.[90]

1960-yillarda Stadion va Empire Pool-ga ko'proq yangi voqealar keldi, shu jumladan chang'i bilan sakrash stadionda, maxsus qurilgan minora va mashinada ishlab chiqarilgan qor bilan.[86]

1963 yilda stadionga barcha tomchilarni himoya qiladigan yangi tom berildi.[29] O'sha yilning 18 iyunida, Genri Kuper jang qildi Kassius Kley (Muhammad Ali) stadionda, Basseynda boks uchrashuvlarini o'tkazishni o'zgartirish.[91]

1966 yilgi jahon chempionati

The 1966 yilgi Jahon chempionati 1966 yil 11-iyul, dushanba kuni "Uembli" da Angliya - Urugvay uchrashuvi bilan boshlandi. 0: 0 hisobi sust kechdi.[92]

Guruh bosqichida "Uembli" da o'ynagan boshqa ikki jamoa Meksika va Frantsiya edi. 1966 yilda esa Jahon chempionati musobaqasi hozirgidek muhim deb hisoblanmadi. "Uembli" stadioni 15-iyul kuni Urugvay bilan Frantsiyaga qarshi to'qnashuvda bo'lgan itlarning uchrashuvini bekor qilishdan bosh tortdi, ya'ni o'yin "Oq Siti" da o'tkazilishi kerak edi.[93]

O'rtacha ijro bilan ochilib, Alf Ramsey Angliya guruh bosqichida ham Meksikani, ham Frantsiyani mag'lub etdi. Keyin ular chorak finalda Argentinani 1: 0, yarim finalda Portugaliyani 2: 1 hisobida mag'lub etishdi, ikkala o'yin ham "Uembli" da bo'lib o'tdi.[94]

Final 1966 yil 30-iyul, chorshanba kuni "Uembli" da bo'lib o'tdi. Angliya qizil rang kiyib oldi, chunki tanga tashlashda yutqazganligi sababli qaysi jamoa o'z ranglarini kiyib yurishlari kerakligini aniqladilar. Haller 13-daqiqada Germaniya darvozasini ishg'ol qildi Xursat 19-da hisobni tenglashtirish. Piters 78-daqiqada Angliya terma jamoasi darvozasini ishg'ol qildi, ammo Veber buni asosiy vaqt tugashidan biroz oldinroq amalga oshirdi.

Qo'shimcha vaqtlarda nima bo'ldi - bu afsonalar. Jeoff Xers 101-daqiqada bahsli va orqaga qarab noto'g'ri yo'l qo'yilgan golni urdi, so'ngra 120-daqiqada (119 '51 "), xuddi o'yin tugagani kabi." Ba'zi odamlar maydonda ... ular hammasi tugadi deb o'ylayman ", dedi BBC sharhlovchisi Kennet Volstenxolme, Xerstning to'pi darvozaning orqa tomoniga tegib turganida "hozir" deb qo'shib qo'ydi.[94][95][96]

Oradan ikki yil o'tmay, "Uembli" da yana bir taniqli ingliz futboli g'alabasi yuz berdi. 1968 yil 29 mayda "Uembli" ettinchisining birinchisini qabul qildi Evropa kubogi shu paytgacha u erda o'tkazilgan finallar (beshta eski stadionda, ikkitasi yangi stadionda). "Manchester Yunayted" mag'lub SL Benfika 4-2 92,225 kishilik olomon oldida.[97]

"Uembli" da mashhur musiqaning o'sishi

Sobiq "Uembli" stadioni kubogi, v. 1965 yil

1959 yilgi mashhur musiqiy shoular muvaffaqiyatidan ilhomlanib, NME Pollwinners kontsertini 1960 yil fevralida Empire Bassiga ko'chirgan. Ushbu kontsertlar 1973 yilgacha davom etadi. Pop Xit-parad konsertlari, ATV Glad Rag Ball, Ready Steady Go Mod Ball (1964) va boshqa "Record Star" shoulari kuzatilgan, ba'zilari ulardan televidenie orqali namoyish etilgan. Dan boshlab davrning barcha asosiy yulduzlaridan beri Billi Fyuri ga Joriy vaziyat, ushbu tadbirlarda o'ynagan Basseyn tezda mashhur musiqa bilan bog'lanib qoldi.[98]

Bitlz 1966 yil 1 mayda NME yillik so'rovnoma g'oliblarining "Basseynda" yulduzlar kontsertida Britaniyada so'nggi rasmiy jonli chiqishlarini o'tkazdilar. Konsert televizorda namoyish etilgan bo'lsa ham, "Bitlz" o'ynagan paytda kameralar o'chirilgan edi. Brayan Epshteyn va ABC TV shartlar bo'yicha kelisha olmadi. Ammo ular o'z mukofotlarini olayotgan paytda videoga olingan.[99]

1967 yil 30 iyundan 2 iyulgacha Monklar Empire hovuzini o'ynadi. Ular mustaqil ravishda sarlavhaga chiqqan birinchi guruh edi. Ko'pchilik boshqalarga ergashadi.[100]

1969 yil 13-iyulda guruh Ha "Uembli" stadionida ijro etilgan bo'lib, u ham kiritilgan Alan Prays, Don keklik (aka "Buskers qiroli") va Joriy vaziyat, kim birinchi bo'lib ochishi mumkin edi Jonli yordam, 16 yildan keyin aynan shu sanada. Bu Stadiondagi birinchi mashhur musiqiy konsert edi[101][102]

1972 yil 5-avgustda estrada kontserti London rok-rollari namoyishi stadionida bo'lib o'tdi.[103][104] Bu 70-yillarda Stadionda o'tkazilgan bir nechta mashhur musiqiy kontsertlardan birinchisi edi. Crosby Stills Nash & Young 1974 yil 14 sentyabrda kuzatilgan va JSST, bilan birga AC / DC va G'alati odamlar, 1979 yil 18-avgustda.[105][106]

Shu bilan birga, Empire Pool chindan ham kontsert joyi sifatida ko'tarildi. Targ'ibotchilar uning hatto Albert Xollga qaraganda ancha katta quvvatga ega ekanligini angladilar. 1971 yil 21-noyabrda Led Zeppelin Ning Elektr sehrlari namoyishi Empire hovuzidagi birinchi ajoyib, teatrlashtirilgan rok-kontsert bo'ldi.[107]

1980-yillarda "Uembli Arena" kontsertlarda lazerdan foydalanish bilan tobora ko'proq tanilgan. Pushti Floyd va Ibtido ushbu uslubning eng yaxshi namoyandalari bo'lgan.[108]

"Uembli" majmuasi

1970-yillarda Uembli Parki turli xil ehtiyojlarni qondiradigan joylar guruhi bo'lgan Uembli majmuasi sifatida tanildi. Kompleks tarkibiga Uembli stadioni va Empire hovuz (1978 yil 1 fevralda Uembli Arena deb o'zgartirilgan), shuningdek yangi binolar, shu jumladan Esso Motor Hotel (1972 yilda ochilgan) va "Uembli" konferentsiya markazi (1977 yil 31 yanvarda ochilgan), Uembli ko'rgazma markazi (1977 yilda ochilgan), 722m2 Grinvich xonalari va Elvin uyi deb nomlangan futuristik uchburchak ofis bloki.[109][110] Qayta qurish sxemasi 15 million funt sterlingni tashkil etdi va uni R. Seifert & Partners kompaniyasi ishlab chiqdi, Duglas Kershaw va Co. Rejalashtirishga rozilik 1972 yil 26 sentyabrgacha, dan ko'rsatma so'raganidan keyin berilgan Buyuk London kengashi, Brent London Borough va Metropolitan politsiyasi.[111]

Rivojlanish ikkita piyodalar yurishini o'z ichiga olgan (yo'laklar ), stadionga kiradigan va chiqadigan odamlarni transport vositalaridan ajratib qo'yishga imkon beradi. Olimpiya yo'liga olib borgan va hozirgacha mavjud bo'lgan asosiy yo'lak 60 metr kenglikda, Elvin uyi orqali Empire Wayga olib boradigan yana bir yo'l esa 30 fut kenglikda edi. Stadion ma'murlari yo'l harakati va piyodalarni ajratish zarurligini anchadan beri bilgan. Asosiy yo'lak 1975 yilda ochilgan. Yangi stadion qurilishi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan 1999 yilgi Heritage Study-da, bu yo'l 1923 stadionining ba'zi qismlarini yashirgan holda shimoliy chekka qismini buzganligi haqida yozilgan.[111][112]

Uembli Xill stantsiyasi 1978 yil maydan 1987 yil maygacha Uembli majmuasi deb nomlangan "Uembli" stadioni.

1990-yillarning boshlarida yana ikkita ko'rgazma zali qurilgan bo'lib, ular 17000 mln2 umuman bo'sh joy.

Papa tashrifi. 1982 yil

Davomida o'tkazilgan birinchi ochiq osmon massasi Papa Ioann Pavel II "s 1982 yilda Britaniyaga tashrif buyurgan 29 may, shanba kuni "Uembli" stadionida bo'lib o'tdi. Taxminan 80 ming kishi ishtirok etdi. Vestminster arxiyepiskopi Kardinal Basil Hum Stadion cherkovga aylanganini aytdi.[113]

Jonli yordam, 1985 yil

1985 yil 13-iyulda Stadion 16 soatlik ulkan xayriya rok-kontserti bo'lib o'tdi, asosan irlandiyalik qo'shiqchining miyasi farzandi. Bob Geldof bilan hamkorlikda Midj Ure dan Ultravoks. Tomonidan hayratga tushdi ochlik yilda Efiopiya, Geldof singlni chiqargan Band Aid-ni yaratdi Rojdestvo kunini bilishadimi? / 1984 yil oxirida Dunyoni boqing. Endi u hali eshitilmagan darajada jonli xayriya tadbirini o'tkazishda yordam berdi. Keyinchalik Geldof aytganidek: "Uembli markaziy bo'lishi kerak edi. Agar u biron bir vakolatga ega bo'lsa, u" Uembli "da namoyish etilishi kerak edi". U bilan bir vaqtda bo'lib o'tdi Jon F. Kennedi stadioni yilda Filadelfiya, AQSH.

Tashkiliy muammolarga qaramay, tadbir juda muvaffaqiyatli o'tdi.[114]

70 mingdan ziyod kishi uni jonli efirda ko'rdi, yana 1,9 milliard odam butun dunyo bo'ylab televizorda tomosha qildi. Ochlikdan qutulish uchun 30 million funt sterling yig'ildi. Bu kun juda issiq edi va "Uembli" xodimlari suv taqsimlashlari, olomonni shlang bilan to'ldirishlari va hattoki shimlarni shimlarga aylantirish uchun odamlarning jinsilaridan oyoqlarini kesib tashlashlari kerak edi.[115][116]

Geldof va uning guruhi, Boomtown kalamushlari, had never played at Wembley before, and were astonished by the noise.[114]

The Arena and the Conference Centre and exhibition halls also played their part, being taken over to provide dressing rooms for the performers.[117]

According to Charlie Shun, a Wembley sales manager, Jonli yordam was "the event which established Wembley [Stadium] as a major rock venue. We had only staged ten different music shows at the stadium before Jonli yordam but after that it all took off."[118]

Nelson Mandela

On 11 June 1988 a concert was held celebrating the 70th birthday of Nelson Mandela, then a political prisoner. Nearly two years later, on 16 April 1990, only two months after his release, Mandela was present at another Wembley Stadium concert - Nelson Mandela: Erkin Janubiy Afrikaning xalqaro hurmati.[119]

Evro '96

In 1996 England hosted the Evropa chempionati birinchi marta. As in 1966, the opening match, England v. Switzerland, took place at Wembley. Played on 8 June 1996, it was a 1 – 1 draw.

England topped their group, and won a quarter final against Spain. This was Wembley's first international penalty shoot-out. The England supporters sang the catchy Evro '96 madhiya, Football's Coming Home, but on the following Wednesday, 26 June 1996, in Wembley's second international penalty shoot-out, Germany beat England 6 – 5. Germany went on to beat the Czech Republic 2 – 1 in the final.[120][121]

Wembley Park station was also partially refurbished for Euro '96.[122]

Construction of new stadium

The fountains at The SSE Arena following its refurbishment in 2006

By the 1990s, the 1923 stadium was becoming increasingly outdated. As Conservative MP Andrew Bingham later said in a House of Commons debate on football governance, "I remember going to the last game at the old Wembley stadium and thinking how old and archaic it looked compared with the new and modern grounds."[123]

The Stadium closed in October 2000 and was demolished in 2003.[124] While Wembley was being rebuilt the FA cup finals were played at Cardiff’s Millennium Stadium.[125]

A new Wembley stadium was designed by a consortium including engineering consultant Mott MacDonald and built by the Australian firm Multiplex. It cost £798 million.[124][125]

The new Stadium opened on 17 March 2007 with a Community Day for Londonning Brent shahri aholi.[126]

English alternative rock band Muse became the first popular musicians to perform in the new Stadium, on 16 June 2007. This, their HAARP tour, was voted Wembley’s Greatest Event in 2011.[125][127]

Narendra Modi visit, 2015

On 13 November 2015, during a davlat tashrifi to the United Kingdom, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed a rally at the new Wembley Stadium. 60,000 people, mostly Britaniya hindulari, ishtirok etdi.[128]

Qayta ishlab chiqish

The Palace of Industry in 2007, before demolition
Brent Civic Centre under construction, 2012
Wembley Park Boulevard was built along with the London Designer Outlet next to the Stadium and the SSE Arena
New built buildings in Olympic Way, in 2018

Mass re-development has occurred in the complex area since the start of the 21st century. Eski "Uembli" stadioni was demolished in 2003 and rebuilt, followed by new developments nearby that continue until the present day. The plans for the redevelopment were approved by the council in June 2004, which envisioned a plan to turn it into "north London's Kroydon ".[129]

Chalkhill estate was already renovated before, in the 1990s.

The remaining portions of the British Empire Exhibition's Palace of Arts were demolished in 2006. The only surviving Exhibition structure, the Palace of Industry, was finally demolished in February–March 2013. A lion's head corbel from the building was saved and is now on display in the green space on Wembley Hill Road, opposite York House.[130] Sobiq "Uembli" konferentsiya markazi, and the Elvin House block, were also demolished in September 2006.[131] Also in 2006, Wembley Arena, was refurbished at a cost of £34m and its entrance turned around to open onto a new public square with a fountain facing the yangi "Uembli" stadioni which then opened in 2007.

At the same time as the new stadium was being built, the old concrete footbridge at Wembley Stadium station, probably built for the British Empire Exhibition, was replaced by a new bridge and a public square. In 2005, after a BBC Five Live poll, it was decided to name the bridge the Oq ot ko'prigi, after PC Scorey’s famous mount. The bridge and square opened in 2008.[132][133]

Wembley Park Sports Ground was located on Bridge Road, near the local station. In 2008 the site was closed down by the council and sold amid protests from locals. It was turned into an academic school with the building mostly completed by 2011.[134]

Developers Quintain and Family Mosaic have led new developments in the area, including residential Forum House completed in 2008 and Quadrant Court in March 2010. Demolition of Malcolm and Fulton House also took place that month. Later work began on the Wembley Park Boulevard leisure and retail hub, including a Xilton mehmonxonasi va an rozetka savdo markazi, London Designer Outlet (LDO), which opened in August 2013. The development included Market Square and an open space, Wembley Lawns, centred at the Boulevard, and includes a children's playground.

A civic centre was also built at Engineers Way serving as the new home of Brent's local authority. Brent shahar zali, the former home of the council located about a mile north, closed down and was sold, turning into a French lycee school that opened in September 2015. The Town Hall Library was also replaced by a new library adjoined with the civic centre. On Olympic Way, a student accommodation building ran by Victoria Hall Limited was opened in 2011, followed by a Novotel hotel and other buildings. A Boxpark branch also opened here in 2018.[135]

In 2015, Wembley Park's events programme brought 150,000 to the site to enjoy events from Color Run and Survival of the Fittest to a weekly food market.[136]

In May 2016, controversial regeneration plans in the stadium area were approved by the local council. The £2.5 billion scheme from Quintain involves the building of over 7,000 apartments, as well as new shops and offices, two hotels, a 7-acre public park, and a school. There will be a total of seven residential and retail tower blocks, up to 19 storeys high. The plans were disapproved by the Futbol assotsiatsiyasi (FA) and by many locals, who claim increased overcrowding and spoilt stadium views. A local launched a petition against these plans to Brent North MP Barri Gardiner and the Mayor of London, Sodiq Xon.[137][138][139] however the plans were approved nonetheless.

Quintain unveiled plans for a further 250,000 square feet of retail space in the area in March 2018.[140]

Geografiya

View of the stadium from near the peak of Barn Hill, 2007

Barn Hill is 86 metres above sea level, and is part of the larger Frayent kantri that continues towards Kingsbury. In addition, Wembley Hill Road is a steep road west of Wembley Park, which peaks at around 65 metres above sea level near The Green Man pub.

The Wealdstone Brook irmoq ning Brent daryosi starts off at the Stadium Industrial Estate and runs between Bridge Road and Wembley Park Drive, and through Forty Avenue towards Preston. Bridge Road is so-called for the bridge over the narrow brook.

Taniqli joylar

Avgustin cherkovi

An Pravoslav yahudiy ibodatxona Uembli Yunayted ibodatxonasi is in Forty Avenue. Uning yonida Angliya cherkovi St. Augustine's Church. A Birlashgan islohot cherkovi is on the opposite side, past The Broadway intersection. Bor Oxirgi kun avliyolari Iso Masihning cherkovi on Wembley Park Drive.

Hududdagi maktablarga quyidagilar kiradi: Ark akademiyasi, Preston Manor o'rta maktabi, Londonning shimoliy-g'arbiy kolleji va Londondagi Xalqaro Lisey Uinston Cherchill.

Taniqli odamlar

Yaqin atroflar

Transport

Wembley Park Station in 2007

Poezdlar

Stations in the area are:

Avtobuslar

London Buses routes 83, 92, 182, 206, 223, 245 and 297 serve the area. Uno 's 644 bus route terminated at Wembley Park from 2011 until being cut back to Kvinsberi 2016 yil mart oyida.

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