Uilts, Somerset va Veymut temir yo'li - Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway

Uilts, Somerset va Veymut temir yo'li
Afsona
ochildi
yopiq
Chippenxem
Thingley Junction
Leyn Halt
Lakok Xalt
Devizes
Beanacre Halt
Bromxem va Rowde Xalt
Melksham
Seend
Broughton Gifford Xalt
Semington Xalt
Xolt birikmasi
Staverton Xalt
Solsberi
Bathampton Junction
Uilton
ShimoliyJanubiy
Limpley Stok
Uishford
Freshford
Langford
Avonliff
Vayl
Bredford-on-Avon
Kodford
Bredford Junction
Xeytsberi
Trowbridge
Warminster
Westbury Shimoliy Junction
Vestberi
Dilton Marsh
Radstock West
Frome
Mells Road
Witham
1856
1966
Tasma chizig'i Halt
Bruton
Kari qal'asi
Sparkford
1856
1966
Marston Magna
1856
1966
Yovil Taunton chizig'iga
ga Tonton
Yovil qalam tegirmoni
Yovil shaharchasi
1943 yilgi havola
Yovil birikmasi
Clifton Maybank tovarlari
Tornford
Yetminster
Chetnole Xalt
Evershot
Ketistok
Qiz Nyuton
Grimstone
va Frampton
1857
1966
Bredford Peverel
& Stratton Halt
Dorchester G'arbiy
Dorchester kavşağı
Monkton va Xalt keldi
Bincombe tunnel
Upwey yaxshi tilayman
Uvey
original
stantsiya
Upwey Junction
Radipol Xalt
Veymut
Veymut-kvay

The Uilts, Somerset va Veymut temir yo'li (WS&WR) 1845 yilda yaqin atrofdan temir yo'l qurish uchun parlament vakolatlarini qo'lga kiritdi Chippenxem ga Solsberi va Veymut. U tarmoqning birinchi qismini ochdi, ammo qo'shimcha pul topishning iloji yo'qligini aniqladi va o'z liniyasini "ga" sotdi Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'l (GWR) 1850 yilda.

GWR qurilishni o'z zimmasiga oldi va shu bilan bog'liq holda qo'shni chiziq qurishni o'z zimmasiga oldi; Yigirmanchi asrning dastlabki yillarida GWR Londondan Angliyaning G'arbiy qismigacha bo'lgan yo'lini qisqartirishni xohladi va WS&WR tarmog'ining bir qismini bog'lash uchun ketma-ket "uzilish" liniyalarini qurdi. 1906 yilgacha tezyurar poezdlar ustidan o'tib ketdi Vestberi ga Kari qal'asi Bo'lim. 1933 yilda yanada takomillashtirildi va liniyaning ushbu qismi bayram liniyasi G'arbga.

Tarmoq allaqachon Janubiy Uels ko'mir konlaridan Janubiy Grafliklarga ko'mir uchun asosiy magistral yo'l edi va Veymut porti orqali olib kirilgan Kanal orollari fermer xo'jaligi mahsulotlari uchun, shuningdek, qayiq poezd marshrutini ta'minlash va Bristoldan Portsmutga oqimlarni tashish edi.

Tarmoqning katta qismi bugungi kunda ishlaydi, ammo Devizes va Radstok filiallari yopildi.

Kelib chiqishi

Frome stantsiyasi va asl tomi 2004 yilda

The Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'l (GWR) 1841 yilda Londondan Bristolgacha asosiy yo'nalishini ochgan va London va Sautgempton temir yo'li 1840 yilda ochilgan; va uning vorisi the London va Janubiy G'arbiy temir yo'l (LSWR) g'arbga qarab cho'zilgan edi. Yangi temir yo'llarga ulangan jamoalar uchun ustunlik darhol namoyon bo'ldi va aksincha, ushbu yo'nalishlardan uzoqda joylashgan joylar o'zlarining joylashuvidagi kamchiliklarni sezishdi.

Wiltshire janubi-g'arbiy hududlari qo'ychilik va jun ishlab chiqarishda juda obod bo'lgan va tezda temir yo'lga ehtiyoj sezgan.[eslatma 1] LSWR Basingstokdan Svindongacha bo'lgan yo'nalishni taklif qildi va bu vaqtda ular bilan GWR o'rtasida hududni nazorat qilish uchun kuchli raqobat mavjud edi: birinchi bo'lib mintaqada chiziq bo'lgan temir yo'l u erda ulkan raqobatbardosh ustunlikka ega edi va ko'pincha foydalanishi mumkin edi. bu chiziqni yanada kengaytirish uchun tayanch sifatida. GWR o'z liniyalarini keng o'lchovli va hozirgi kunda nima bo'lganligi to'g'risida LSWR standart o'lchov (o'sha paytda tor o'lchagich), va ular har qanday yangi mustaqil temir yo'l o'zlari afzal ko'rgan yo'lda bo'lishini ta'minlashga intildilar; bu raqobat quyidagicha tavsiflanadi o'lchovli urushlar.

GWR hududining yuragi bo'lgan Svindonga taklif qilingan LSWR liniyasi g'azablangan qarshiliklarga duch keldi va GWR ikkita nominal mustaqil yo'nalishni ilgari surdi Berks va Xants temir yo'li, va Uilts, Somerset va Veymut temir yo'li. Yangi tashkil etilayotgan Kompaniyaning 1844 yil 9-iyuldagi birinchi yig'ilishida GWR kotibi Charlz Aleksandr Sonders GWR kafolati bilan zarur 650 000 funt sterling miqdorida mablag 'olinishini taklif qildi; GWR liniyaning ijarachisi bo'lar edi va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kapitalning yarmiga obuna bo'lar edi.

Missiya sudralib yuradi

The Bristol va Ekseter temir yo'li (B&ER), GWR bilan do'st bo'lgan keng yo'l, Veymutga o'zining asosiy yo'nalishidan Durston, g'arbiy qismida chiziq taklif qilayotgan edi Bridguoter va WS&WR targ'ibotchilari o'zlarining yo'nalishlariga Fromdan Yovilgacha filialni qo'shib, u erda B&ER chizig'ini kutib olishdi, katta uchburchak hosil qilishdi va (GWR liniyasi bilan) Londondan Veymutga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri marshrut qilishdi. 1844 yil sentyabr oyida Savdo kengashi ushbu qo'shilishni tasdiqladi; bu talab qilingan kapitalga 350 ming funt sterlingni qo'shdi: endi u million funtga tushadi. Bir oy o'tgach, 1844 yil 23-oktabrda Fromda bo'lib o'tgan yig'ilishda B&ER o'zining Veymut filiali yo'nalishini, Durstondan ancha janubda Bridport orqali o'tib, Yovilgacha bo'lgan filial bilan yo'lni o'zgartirishga qaror qilganligini e'lon qildi. Yovildan Veymutgacha bo'linma qurilmas edi, shuning uchun WS&WR o'z sxemasiga qo'shib qo'ydi: kapital qiymati endi 150000 funtni tashkil qilishi kerak edi.[1]

Vanna va Bristol o'zlarini Janubiy qirg'oq bilan aloqada bo'lmaganligini his qildilar va Taunton Kuryeri Bristolning savdogarlari va savdogarlari delegatsiyasi Buyuk G'arbiy kengashga borganligini yozdi; ularni iliq kutib olishmadi va

Ular kengashning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qabul qilishlarini qabul qildilar ... Tingliga boradigan yo'nalish Bath va Bredford o'rtasidagi aloqa sifatida ishlatilishi kutilmagan va kutilmagan, ammo bu ikki joy o'rtasidagi aloqalar avval murabbiylar tomonidan davom etishi va kanal.[2]

Xadfild o'sha sahifadagi izohga "Aslida Tinglidagi [g'arbiy] egri chiziq Vanna va Trowbridj o'rtasidagi aloqani o'rnatish uchun maxsus vakolat berilgan (lekin bunyod etilmagan)".[3]

Ushbu davrda Savdo kengashi raqobatbardosh takliflarning nisbiy ustunligini aniqladi va ulkan ulushlar ularni ma'qullash muhimligini anglatadi; London Gazetalarida 1844 yil 31-dekabrda Savdo kengashi WW & WR sxemasini qo'llab-quvvatlaganligi, agar GWR WS & WR-ga qo'shilish uchun Bathdan bog'laydigan liniyani qurishga intilgan bo'lsa. GWR zudlik bilan 1846 sessiyasida bunday yo'nalish bo'yicha parlament vakolatiga murojaat qilishni o'z zimmasiga oldi. Ammo hozirgi vaqtda temir yo'llarni loyihalashtirish g'azabi shunday edi Kennet va Avon kanali kanalning har ikki tomoniga keng yo'llarni yotqizishni taklif qildi; bu bo'lar edi London Newbury va Bath to'g'ridan-to'g'ri temir yo'l. Ehtimol, bu hayratga soladigan sxema bo'lishi mumkin edi, ammo 1846 yilgi sessiyada, Berks va Xantslar to'g'risidagi qonun loyihasi tashlanganida, parlamentda ikkinchi o'qishdan o'tdi. Biroq Kennet va Avonni GWR sotib olgani aniq, chunki ular o'zlarining sxemalarini tashladilar; 1846 yil 9-sentabrdagi ularning protokollari 5000 funt sterling miqdorida birinchi to'lovni to'lashni qayd etdi.[4][5]

Savdo kengashi muhokama qilib, o'z qarorlarini e'lon qildi: ular LSWR Swindon liniyasini rad etib, WS&WR sxemasini ma'qullashdi.

Nihoyat olingan qonun

WS&WR liniyalari 1857 yilda

Uilts, Somerset va Veymut temir yo'llari (WS&WR) 1845 yil 30-iyunda parlamentning vakolatli aktini olishdi. GWR (ya'ni keng yo'l) bilan bir xil o'lchovda bo'lishi va Chippenxem yaqinidan Solsberiga, uning shoxobchalari bilan harakatlanishi kerak edi. Veymut, Sherborne, Devizes va Bredford-on-Avon va Radstockga ko'mir filiali. Xuddi shu sessiyada, uchun vakolatli aktlar qabul qilindi Berks va Xants temir yo'li (GWR homiysi bo'lgan Hungerford-ga o'qish va Basingstoke-ga o'qish) va Taonton - Yeovil filialiga B&ER.[1]

Ushbu yo'nalish shoshilinch ravishda ishlab chiqilgan edi va Qonun qabul qilingandan so'ng bir qator o'zgartirishlar kiritishga qaror qilindi; Bath-ni WS & WR-ga ulash uchun dastlab rejalashtirilgan GWR yo'nalishi Radstokdan Vanning g'arbiy qismidagi Tvertongacha bo'lgan, ammo 1845 yil 7-oktyabrda Isambard Qirolligi Brunel, GWR va WS&WR muhandisi, yaxshiroq yo'l marshrut orqali o'tganligini xabar qildi Avon vodiysi Bredforddan Bathdan sharqqa, Bathamptongacha. From va Bruton o'rtasidagi WS&WR yo'nalishi asosiy yo'nalishda ishlashga mos kelishi uchun o'zgartirildi; bu o'zgarish va Veymutdagi vokzalni kengaytirish 1846 yil 3-avgust qonuni bilan tasdiqlangan. Keyinchalik, Dorchester va Veymut o'rtasidagi yo'lda engib bo'lmaydigan qiyinchiliklar aniqlandi va bu erda katta og'ish kerak edi; bunga 1847 yildagi parlament majlisida (1847 yil 25-iyunda) ruxsat berilishi kerak edi, shunda u erda qurilish boshlanishidan oldin ko'p vaqt yo'qotilgan edi.[6][7][8]

Hozirga kelib Sautgempton va Dorchester temir yo'li LSWR bilan do'st bo'lib, Dorchesterga etib bordi (1847 yil 1-iyunda). Bu yo'nalish mustaqil ravishda targ'ib qilingan va ba'zida u GWR va LSWRni ham o'ziga jalb qilgan va uning tor o'lchovli lagerda yo'qotilishi GWR uchun zarba edi. Ushbu kompaniya har doim WS&WR Exeterga boradigan magistral yo'lning bir qismi bo'lishi kerak deb o'ylar edi va endi uni qanday yaratish mumkinligini o'ylar edi; chunki uning qurilishi do'stona B&ERni noqulay ahvolga solib qo'yishi sababli, GWR B&ER sotib olishni taklif qildi, bu taklif rad etildi. GWR endi g'arbiy yo'nalishini faol ravishda rejalashtirgan edi: u Hungerford (Berks va Hants) ni Devizes (WS&WR) qismiga to'ldiradi va Yeovil (WS&WR) dan Exetergacha Axminster orqali yangi chiziq quradi. Ushbu yo'nalish hech qachon qurilmagan, ammo uning sxemasi sifatida rivojlanishi LSWR lagerining yangidan dushmanligini, shuningdek, boshqa do'stona B&ER kompaniyasining qarshiliklarini keltirib chiqardi.[1]

Birinchi bo'limlar: Vestberi

Chippenxemdan bir necha mil janubi-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Tingli tutashuvidan boshlab, bu chiziq Melksham va Trowbridj orqali Uestberiga qadar qurilgan. U 1848 yil 26-avgustda Savdo inspektorlari kengashi tomonidan tekshirilib, ochilishiga tasdiqlangan. 2-sentabr kuni rejissyorlar uchun sinov safaridan so'ng, ushbu bo'lim 1848-yil 5-sentabrda jamoatchilikka ochildi.[1] Ushbu sanada, signallarni blokirovkalashni joriy etishdan oldin, asosiy chiziqdagi qarama-qarshi tutashuvlar potentsial xavfli deb hisoblangan va shuning uchun Tinglidagi kavşak shunday qurilganki, poezdlar Westbury yo'nalishi bo'ylab harakatlanishdan oldin teskari tomon burilib ketishi kerak edi.[6]

Shu bilan birga, Tverbridjdan shimolda joylashgan Stavertondan Bredford-on-Avongacha bo'lgan yo'l jismonan qurib bitkazildi, ammo relslar yotqizilmadi va ochilish uchun taqdim etilmadi, shu sababli u hozircha foydalanilmay yotdi.[1][2-eslatma]

GWR-ga sotish

Ushbu davrda obuna bo'lgan pulni olish juda qiyin bo'lgan va kompaniya davom etayotgan qurilish ishlarini moliyalashtira olmagan. Haqiqiy daromadga ega bo'lgan yirik, barpo etilgan temir yo'l kompaniyalarigina pul to'plashi mumkin edi va bosim oshgani sayin direktorlar o'zlarining yo'nalishlarini GWRga sotish kerakligini tushunib etishdi. Ushbu qaror ular tomonidan 1849 yil oktyabrda qabul qilingan va transfer 1850 yil 14 martda amalga oshirilgan; u 1851 yil 3-iyuldagi "Wilts, Somerset & Weymouth" kompaniyasini tarqatib yuborgan parlament qonuni bilan tasdiqlangan.[9]

From, Warminster

Avon shahridagi Bredfordda zamonaviy poyezd

GWR uchun ham pul topish qiyin edi va u erga borishda katta xarajatlarsiz qo'shimcha trafik olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan joylarga e'tibor berildi. Somerset ko'mir konining chekkasida joylashgan From shunday joy edi va bu yo'nalish Uestberidan qurilgan edi. Savdo kengashining kapitani RW Lufman Vestberidan Fromgacha bo'lgan qismni ko'zdan kechirdi va uni ma'qulladi va 1850 yil 7-oktabr kuni jamoatchilikka ochildi. Kelajakdagi Solsberi liniyasida gullab-yashnayotgan bozor shahri bo'lgan Warminster ham ob'ektiv edi va 1851 yil 9-sentabrda Vestberidan ochilgan qism. Fromadan Radstoksgacha (keyinchalik Somerset ko'mir konining markazi) tarmoq liniyasi ham boshlandi, ammo keyinchalik kerakli erga egalik qilish bilan bog'liq qiyinchiliklar shu qadar kechikdiki, shoxcha tanazzulga yuz tutdi.

Chiziqni yakunlash uchun juda zarur kapitalni yaratish uchun GWR a From, Yovil va Veymut temir yo'li 1852 yil 30 iyundagi qonun bilan ushbu marshrutni bajarishga vakolatli kompaniya: uning kapitali 183000 funt qarz olish huquqi bilan 550.000 funtni tashkil qilishi kerak edi. Ko'rinib turibdiki, mahalliy qiziqish va pulni uyg'otish niyatida edi, ammo ikkinchisi kelmadi va kompaniya hech narsaga erishmasdan tarqatib yuborildi.

Mandamus

Endi temir yo'l Tingli-Junction (Chippenxem) dan From va Varminstergacha ochiq edi. Bredford-on-Avonga ruxsat berilgan shpal 1848 yilda, GWRga sotilishidan oldin qurilgan edi, ammo noaniq sabablarga ko'ra ushbu bo'lim ochilmadi; Devizes, asl WS & WR qonuni qabul qilingan paytdan boshlab filialga ega bo'lishi kerak edi. WS&WR sotilishidan oldin, GWR Bredforddan Bathgacha yo'nalish qurishni o'z zimmasiga olgan edi. Bredford va Devizes fuqarolari endi raqobatdosh Trowbridge va Frome shaharlarini yangi temir yo'l aloqasidan foydalanayotganini kuzatdilar, ular esa faol temir yo'lsiz qolishdi. Maktub olish uchun murojaat qilgunga qadar masalalar keskinlashdi mandamus, ularning shaharlarini ochishga majbur qilish. GWR pul tanqisligi muammo ekanligini va uni shunchaki engib bo'lmasligini halol ayta oldi. Devizes yo'qolgan, ammo Bredford uchun yozma 1852 yil oxirida mutlaqo GWRni Bredford orqali Battamptonga borishni majbur qilgan va ikki yil o'tgandan keyin dividendlarni to'lashni taqiqlagan. (Aslida qurilish shunchalik qiyin kechdiki, GWR ikki yildan ortiq vaqtni uzaytirdi va oldi.)[1]

1854 yil: Solsberi, Veymut, Bothempton va Devizesga yakun yasash

1845 yilda WS & WR qonuni qabul qilinganidan beri momentum yo'qoldi, ammo juda ko'p mablag 'sarflandi, ammo uni bosishning boshqa alternativasi yo'q edi: LSWR endi Veymutni diqqat markazida qildi va GWR uchun xavfsizlikni ta'minlash juda muhim edi u erda ustunlik. Fromadan Veymutgacha bo'lgan uzoq yo'l endi yoqimsiz bo'lib tuyuldi. Ularning shahriga temir yo'llarning kelishini kutib, Veymut tumani mahalliylardan o'zgargan quyosh vaqti ga temir yo'l vaqti 1852 yil 1-yanvarda bu harakat juda erta edi. Nihoyat, Fromadan Radstokgacha bo'lgan 8 milya uzunlikdagi mineral shoxcha 1854 yil 14-noyabrda ochildi.

19 milya masofani bosib o'tish bilan ildamlashmoqda Solsberi filiali Warminster-dan nihoyat 1856 yil 30-iyunda ochilib, yaxshi terminaga qadar bo'lgan Fisherton ko'chasi. O'sha paytda LSWR shaharning narigi chekkasida joylashgan Milford terminalidan foydalangan. Solsberi liniyasining dastlabki turtki LSWR orqali Sautgemptonga kirish edi, ammo bu kompaniya bilan aloqalar endi do'stona emas edi.

Keyin Fromdan Yeovilgacha qurib bitkazildi va 1856 yil 1-sentyabrda ochildi va Pol Yolland 1857 yil 15-yanvarda Yovilni Veymut qismigacha tekshirdi. LSWR stantsiyasi hizalanmaganligi sababli Dorchesterda LSWRni WS&WR liniyasiga ulagan keskin egri bor edi. ushbu aloqani o'rnatish uchun; Yolland LSWR poezdlarini birlashma egri chizig'ida 6 milya tezlikda harakatlanishini talab qildi. Veymutga yo'nalish 1857 yil 20-yanvarda ochilgan;[6] bu chiziqlarning barchasi bitta pog'onali, keng gabaritli edi, bundan tashqari Dorchesterdan Veymutgacha dublyajli ikki o'lchovli gabarit berilgan va Dorchester egri chizig'i aralash o'lchovli edi. GWR tor poezdlar uchun relslar yotqizishga rozi bo'lishga majbur bo'lgan va LSWR ushbu bo'lim bo'yicha yalpi tushumning 60% miqdorida haq olinishi mumkin edi. G'alati tenglikni ta'minlash uchun Savdo kengashi LSWR o'z qatoriga xuddi shu masofaga, Dorchesterdan sharqqa sakkiz mil uzoqlikda, "to'satdan mamlakat o'rtalarida" tugagan holda aralash o'lchagich yotqizishini talab qildi.[10] Wool yaqinida. Bu LSWR-ga 16,309 funt sterlingga tushdi va, ehtimol, keng temir yo'l hech qachon ishlatilmagan.

Bristol va Ekzeter temir yo'llari 1853 yil 1 oktyabrda Yovilga (Tontondan) ochilgan edi, ammo uning bekati shaharning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Xendfordda edi; 1857 yil 2-fevralda ular Xendforddan WS&WR Yeovil stantsiyasiga ulanish liniyasini ochdilar.

GWR Bredford bilan Bambempton bo'limiga bordi; ostida chiziq hosil qiladi Dundas suv o'tkazgichi uchun Kennet va Avon kanali ayniqsa qiyin bo'lgan. Pol Yolland 1857 yil 16-yanvarda tekshirish uchun tashrif buyurgan. U yo'l, signalizatsiya va binolarda ko'plab kamchiliklarni topdi va u ochishdan bosh tortdi. Ammo u ikki haftadan keyin qayta tikladi va aniqki, nuqsonlar to'g'irlandi, chunki u ochilishini ma'qulladi: u 1857 yil 2-fevralda bo'lib o'tdi. Bu ko'ndalang shpallarga yotqizilgan yagona keng yo'l bo'lib, uni Brunel tajriba sifatida qabul qildi.[11] Ushbu bo'lim Trowbridge-dan biroz shimolda, Bredford Junctiondagi asl WS & WR asosiy liniyasiga qo'shildi; Bredfordning o'zi Bredford Junctionning shimolida, ya'ni yangi yo'nalish qismida joylashgan.

Nihoyat 1857 yil 1-iyulda Filialni boshqaradi ochildi, dan Xolt, Trowbridge shimolida. Uilts, Somerset va Veymut tarmog'i nihoyat yakunlandi.[6][8]

Filial aloqalari

1857 yilda Angliyaning g'arbiy qismiga Buyuk yo'l

1857 yilda yadro tarmog'i qurib bo'lingandan so'ng, bir qator mustaqil filiallar va boshqa yo'nalishlarga ulanish o'rnatildi.

Birinchisi Bridport temir yo'li, Maiden Nyutondan Bridportgacha bo'lgan tarmoq liniyasi, 1857 yil 12-noyabrda ochilgan. Bridport muhim shahar edi va bir qator loyihalashtirilgan asosiy yo'nalishlarda bo'lgan, ammo ularning hech biri vujudga kelmagan va shahar o'zini o'zi bilan kifoyalanishi kerak edi. tarmoqqa ulanish. Filial GWR tomonidan ishlangan.

Keyingi yil Shepton Mallet temir yo'l aloqasini oldi: Sharqiy Somerset temir yo'li 1858 yil 9-noyabrda Withamdan o'z liniyasini ochdi. U 1862 yil 1 martda Uellsgacha cho'zildi. Oxir oqibat ushbu filial 1878 yil boshida Yattonga ulanishga muvaffaq bo'ldi.

Wilts, Somerset va Weymouth Railway-ga ruxsat beruvchi asl qonun portga ulanish uchun kuchlarni o'z ichiga olgan edi, ammo har qanday bunday filial kengaytmasi unutildi. Mahalliy kompaniya Veymut va Portlend temir yo'li Portlend orolida, Veymut stantsiyasidan Kanal orollari kvartaligacha bo'lgan ko'cha tramvay yo'lini qurish vakolatiga ega edi. Ushbu yo'nalish 1865 yil 18 oktyabrda ochilgan; tramvay yo'lida teplovozga taqiq qo'yilgan va ot tortish ishlatilgan; liniya LSWR va GWRga birgalikda ijaraga berildi.

The Solsberi va Yovil temir yo'li Yeovilga 1860 yil 1-iyunda ochilgan; garchi bu mustaqil kompaniya bo'lsa-da, ushbu yo'nalish LSWRning Angliyaning G'arbiy qismiga etib borish strategiyasining bir qismi edi va 1860 yil 19-iyulda Yovildan LSWR davomi ochildi. GWR o'zlarining Yeovil stantsiyasidan LSWR Yeovil Junction stantsiyasi yaqinidagi Clifton Maybank-da tovar ayirboshlash stantsiyasiga qadar filial qurdi. "Clifton Maybank" deb nomlangan almashinuv stantsiyasi, o'lchov farqi tufayli kerak edi: tovarlarni bir o'lchovli vagonlardan ikkinchisining vagonlariga almashtirish kerak edi. U 1864 yil 13-iyunda ochilgan.

O'lchash konversiyasi va er-xotin trek

Uilts, Somerset va Veymut temir yo'llari Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'l tizimining bir qismi bo'lishi uchun qurilgan edi va shu kabi keng temir yo'l ishlatilgan. 1874 yilda GWR standart o'lchagichga aylantirish vaqti keldi, deb qaror qildi va butun WS&WR tizimi 1874 yil iyun oyida katta operatsiyada konvertatsiya qilindi. 18 iyun kuni tarmoq keng ko'lamli harakatlanuvchi tarkibdan va o'lchovni o'zgartirish ishlari boshlandi va birinchi standart o'lchovli poezd 22 iyun kuni harakat qildi.

Mineral temir yo'l sifatida qurilgan Radstock shoxobchasi endi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri shimoliy qo'shnisi, tor yo'l bilan ulanishi mumkin edi Bristol va Shimoliy Somerset temir yo'li 1873 yilda Radstokka etib kelgan. U ko'mir tashishni asosiy maqsadi deb bilgan, ammo bu yo'lovchi temir yo'lidir. O'lchagichning sinishi bartaraf etilgandan so'ng (Fromning Radstok filialiga aylanishi bilan), ikkita yo'nalish birgalikda ishlashi mumkin edi va Fromdan yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatila boshlandi. Dastlabki mineral liniya Uestberi kavşağından birlashib, From stantsiyasiga etib borguncha ajralib turar edi, shuning uchun g'arbdan shimolga egri chiziq qo'yildi va u tayyor bo'lgach, 1875 yil 5-iyuldan boshlab Frostdan Bristolga yo'lovchi poezdlari Radstok orqali harakatlanishdi. .

Thingley Junction va Frome o'rtasidagi chiziq allaqachon dublyajdan iborat edi va 1858 yilda Yovil-Evershot bo'limi ikki baravarga oshirilgan edi, ammo qolganlari bitta edi. Dorchester-Veymut uchastkasida LSWR poezdlari uchun allaqachon aralash o'lchagich bo'lgan.

O'lchagich konvertatsiyasidan so'ng, ko'proq bo'limlar ikkita yo'l bilan ta'minlandi: 1875 yil bahorda Fromdan Withamgacha; 1880 yilda Kari qal'asiga Witham; Kari qal'asi 1881 yilda Yovil qalam tegirmoniga; 1882 yilda Qiz Nyutonga Evershot; Qiz Nyuton Grimstounga 1884 yilda; 1885 yilda Grimstondan Dorchesterga. 1885 yil 17 mayda Battamptondan Bredfordga ikki baravar ko'paytirildi.[1][12]

Abbotsberi filiali ulanadi

The Abbotsbury temir yo'li nihoyat 1885 yil 9-noyabrda jiddiy kechikishlar va qiyinchiliklardan so'ng o'z yo'nalishini ochishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. Kompaniya prospektida foydali qazilma konlari ko'pligi va qirg'oq bo'ylab Exetergacha kengaytirilishi va'da qilingan edi. Ushbu boyliklar hech qachon amalga oshmadi va chiziq shunchaki Upvey-Junction-dan Abbotsberiga o'tdi. U GWR tomonidan ishlangan.

Bredford shimoliy egri chizig'i

1895 yilda Bredford Junctiondagi shimoliy egri chiziq ochilib, Limpley Stok yo'nalishidan Melksham tomon o'tishga imkon berdi. Haddan tashqari qattiq sovuq Box tunnelining qoplamasiga zarar etkazdi va keng ko'lamli ta'mirlash ishlari tufayli Vestbury yoki Trowbridjda harakatlanishni o'z ichiga olgan poezdlarning tungi va yakshanba kunlari yo'nalishi o'zgarishi zarur edi. Dastlabki 1857 Devizes filialining tuproq ishlariga yangi egri chiziq shoshilinch ravishda yotqizildi va u 1895 yil 11 martda ochildi.[13]

Westbury yo'nalishi bo'yicha Exeterga yo'nalish

Buyuk yo'l 1862 yilda

GWR, Bristol va Ekseter temir yo'li va Janubiy Devon temir yo'li uzoq vaqtdan beri birlashtirilgan va Londondan Taunton, Ekzeter va Plimutga o'tish yo'li muhim bo'lgan. Biroq marshrut to'g'ridan-to'g'ri emas edi: u Bristol orqali o'tardi va GWR ba'zan "deb nomlangan ajoyib yo'l. LSWR Londondan Solsberi orqali Ekzetergacha bo'lgan yo'lni ancha qisqartirgan. GWR-da Reading-dan Devizes-ga chiziq bor edi, u erda WS&WR liniyalari bilan birlashdi va ba'zi bo'shliqlarni to'ldirish Reading va Taunton o'rtasida izchil to'g'ridan-to'g'ri marshrutni yaratishi aniq edi. GWR bunday yo'nalishlarni qurish bo'yicha parlament vakolatlarini bir necha bor qo'lga kiritgan, ammo 1895 yilda direktorlar ish boshlash to'g'risida qaror qabul qilganlarida, ular bekor qilingan.[13]

Birinchi qisqa yo'l: 1900 yil

Bu magistral magistral chiziq bo'lishi kerak edi va birinchi vazifa Patneydan sharqiy chiziqni ikki baravar oshirish edi. Berks va Hants kengaytirilgan temir yo'li, va Patneydan Westburyga yangi yo'nalish qurish uchun Stert va Uestberi. Bu 1895 yilda boshlangan va tovar aylanmasi birinchi marshrutda 1900 yil 29 iyulda, so'ngra 1 oktyabrda mahalliy yo'lovchi poezdlari harakatlangan. Bu Paddingtondan Vestberiga, shuning uchun Yovil va Veymutgacha bo'lgan masofani 14 mil dan (23 km) qisqartirdi. Ishning bir qismi sifatida Vestberi stantsiyasi ancha kengaytirildi, chunki uning tutashuv stantsiyasi maqomi yanada muhim ahamiyat kasb etdi.

1905 yilda Tauntonga o'qish

Keyingi ish bosqichi bunyod etish edi Langportning uzilishi, Tauntonning sharqidagi Bristol va Ekzeter yo'nalishlariga qo'shilish uchun Kari qal'asidan g'arbga qarab yurgan. Bu bosqichma-bosqich ochildi: 1905 yil 1-iyulda Kari qal'asidan Charlton Makrellgacha ochildi. 1906 yil 2-aprelda liniyaning bir qismi g'arbiy qismida, Taunton yaqinidagi Cogloaddagi yangi kavşaktan Somertongacha ochildi. Nihoyat, markaziy qism va butun yo'nalish 1906 yil 20-mayda ochilgan. Yoovildan Taunton tomon yo'nalish tarmog'ining bir qismini bosib o'tdi; tegishli uchastka magistral liniyalarining ikki yo'nalishi bo'yicha yangilandi va suv toshqinining doimiy muammolari bo'lgan joyda, qiyinchilik tug'dirmaslik uchun balandlikka ko'tarildi. 1906 yil 2-iyuldan boshlab tezyurar poezdlar va boshqa transport harakati yangi yo'nalishga yo'naltirildi. Kesilgan marshrut avvalgi yo'nalish bilan taqqoslaganda 33 km uzoqroq masofani tejashga imkon berdi.[6][8]

Yigirmanchi asrning boshqa rivojlanishi

Railmotorlar

GWR mahalliy yo'lovchilar tashishni rivojlantirishga intilgan; stantsiyalarning dastlabki taqsimoti biroz siyrak edi. Mahalliy so'rovlar GWRni Dorchesterdan Veymutgacha bo'lgan Upveyda stantsiya bilan ta'minlashga undadi; u 1871 yil 21-iyunda ochilgan. 1885 yilda Abbotsberi filiali ochilganda, uning tutashuvi Upveydan janubda va Veymutga qaragan; 1886 yil 19 aprelda unga xizmat ko'rsatish uchun Upwey Junction stantsiyasi ochildi va avvalgi Upwey stantsiyasi yopildi.

1905 yilda GWR uni joriy qildi bug 'ishlab chiqaruvchilar motorli avtobuslar raqobatining kuchayib borayotgan xavfiga javob sifatida. Ular bitta uchida tanasi ichida kichik bug 'lokomotivi bo'lgan bitta yo'lovchi yo'lovchilari edi; to'liq lokomotivdan arzonroq, ular aylanib yurishga hojat qoldirmay terminallarda vaqtni tejashdi. Ular tortib olinadigan zinapoyalar bilan jihozlangan va platformasi bo'lmagan joylarda yoki juda pastroq joyda qo'ng'iroq qilish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lishgan. Ular Dorchester va Veymut o'rtasida ishladilar va ular uchun yangi to'xtash joylari Upwey Wishing Well Halt, Came Bridge Halt va Radipole Halt-da ochildi. Upwey Wishing Well Halt 1905 yil 28-mayda, qolgan ikkitasi 1905 yil 1-iyulda ochildi. Came Bridge Monkton va Came Bridge (Golf Links) Halt deb 1905 yil 1-oktyabrda o'zgartirildi.[14]

Xuddi shu yili Chippenxem va Trowbridj o'rtasida xuddi shunday railmotor xizmati boshlandi, Lakok, Beanakr, Brouton Gifford va Stavertonda yangi to'xtashlar bo'ldi.

Limpley Stok

1910 yilda Limpley Stok-dagi siding turar joyi Kamerton liniyasidan kelib chiqadigan mineral trafikni boshqarish uchun ancha kengaytirildi; u erda tranzit uchun qayta taqsimlandi.

Harbiy ob'ektlar

Angliya bir muncha vaqt davomida Janubiy Afrikadagi harbiy harakatlarda qatnashgan va 1899 yil oktyabrda Ikkinchi Boer urushi yonib ketdi. Urush idorasi o'quv bazalarini ko'paytirdi Solsberi tekisligi, Solsberi liniyasi bilan bir qatorda ko'p joylarda. Bur urushi tugatilgandan so'ng Evropada keskinlik rivojlanib, unga olib keldi birinchi jahon urushi Ushbu yo'nalishda maxsus inshootlar ta'minlandi: qo'shimcha siding turar joylari va mol ko'chadan, shuningdek Heytesbury-dan Satton Veny Lagerga va Codford-Codford Lagerga tarmoq liniyalari kerak edi. Ushbu ob'ektlarning aksariyati urush oxirida olib tashlandi.

Boshqa to'xtashlar

Rilmotorlar muvaffaqiyat qozonishdi, ammo ular cheklangan cheklovlarga ega edilar: transportning eng yuqori cho'qqisiga dosh berolmaydilar yoki uzoqroq masofalarga yugura olmaydilar va 1922 yilga kelib park juda kamayadi va ko'plari 1935 yilda olib tashlanadi.[15] Mahalliy yo'lovchilar tashishlariga javob berishda davom etadigan ehtiyoj bor edi, chunki yaxshilangan yo'llar avtobuslarni samaradorligini oshirdi va 1930-yillarda Yovilning janubida, shuningdek Bruton yaqinidagi Strap-Leynda bir qator to'xtash joylari ochildi.

Chiziqlardan qochish

Westbury va Frome chiziqlardan qochishadi

O'qishdan to Vesttoni orqali Tauntongacha bo'lgan uzilish liniyasi ochilganda, u Vestberi va From stantsiyalari orqali o'tdi. Westbury dastlab sharqiy-g'arbiy magistral yo'nalish uchun mos kelmagan va From stantsiyasi noqulay egri chiziqda edi; G'arbiy Angliya va Veymut poezdlari uchun ikkala joyda 30 milya tezlikni cheklash mavjud edi va Vestberida ular Trowbridge liniyasidan Solsberi tomon og'ir ko'mir tashish bilan to'qnashdilar. Ishlab chiqarishni rag'batlantirish va sanoatni rivojlantirishni rag'batlantirish maqsadida 1929 yilgi Ishlab chiqishlar (Kreditlar bo'yicha kafolatlar va grantlar) to'g'risidagi qonun qabul qilindi va GWR ushbu manbadan har bir stantsiyani chetlab o'tib, qochish yo'llarini qurish uchun moliyaviy yordam oldi.

Tauntonga o'qish: 1933 yilda tugatilgan qisqartmalar

Logan va Xeminguey Doncaster pudratchisi bo'lgan va ishlarning qiymati 220,000 funt sterlingni tashkil qilishi kerak edi.[16] Avtoulovlarni olib o'tish uchun to'siqlar 1933 yil 1-yanvarda va barcha trafik uchun 1933 yil yozgi jadval jadvalining boshida ochildi.

Yana urush

1939 yilda mamlakat yana urushga kirishdi: ikkinchi jahon urushi boshlagan edi. Yana Solsberi liniyasi ayniqsa og'ir harbiy transportni oldi va 1919 yildan keyin olib tashlangan ko'plab maxsus inshootlar tiklandi. Ushbu urushning o'rtalarida va undan keyingi yillarda Britaniya shaharlarini bombardimon qilish keng tarqaldi va temir yo'lning uzilishi urush harakatlariga katta xalaqit berdi. Ilgari raqobatlashadigan temir yo'llar o'rtasida ko'plab aloqalar dumaloq to'siqlarni osonlashtirish uchun o'rnatildi. Yovilda joylashgan Clifton Maybank filiali 1937 yilda yopilgan edi, ammo uning yo'lakchasi unga yaqin joylashgan Janubiy temir yo'l[3-eslatma] va Kary qal'asidan Exeter tomon Janubiy temir yo'l liniyasi bo'ylab harakatlanadigan poezdlarga imkon yaratildi; u 1943 yil 13 oktyabrda Kanada qo'shinlarining katta yordami bilan ochildi.

Havo vazirligi uchun Lakokda keng yo'lakchalar o'rnatildi va Tingli qo'shilishida g'arbiy egri chiziq qurildi. Formatsiya WS & WR ning asl magistral liniyasining qurilishi doirasida amalga oshirilgan edi va agar u ochilgan bo'lsa, Banyodan Trowbridggacha o'tishga imkon bergan bo'lar edi. Bu Limpley Stok orqali liniyani qurish uchun GWR majburiyatidan o'tib ketdi. Tingli egri chizig'i 1942 yilda ochilgan va norasmiy deb nomlangan Havo vazirligi ko'chadan. 1959 yil iyulda olib tashlandi, [4-eslatma] ammo Lakok Sidings 1964 yilgacha qoldi.

Milliylashtirish

The Transport to'g'risidagi qonun 1947 yil urush tugaganidan keyin o'tgan va mamlakatning asosiy temir yo'llari 1948 yil boshidan Britaniya temir yo'llari tarkibiga kirgan.

Qishloq vokzallari va filial liniyalaridan foydalanish pasayishda davom etdi va 1955 yil 19 sentyabrda Varminster va Solsberi o'rtasidagi barcha stantsiyalar yopildi.

1959 yil 2-noyabrda Fromdan Radstok yo'nalishida yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish tugadi va Somerset ko'mir konining pasayishi bilan filial 1966 yil aprel oyidan to'liq yopildi, faqat Xapsford yaqinidagi shaxsiy siding bilan bog'langan Uotli kareriga ulanish bundan mustasno. 1960 yillarda yo'l qurilishining ko'payishi bilan ushbu karer mahsuloti o'sha paytda muhim ahamiyat kasb etdi. Hududda ko'mir qazib olishning qolgan qismi shimolga yo'naltirilgan va Bristolga Bristol va Shimoliy Somerset liniyasi orqali temir yo'l aloqasi bo'lgan. Biroq, 1968 yil yozida Pensford shimolidagi qirg'oq yuvilib, chiziq uzilib qoldi. Uni ta'mirlash iqtisodiy bo'lmagan deb hisoblandi va From aloqasi qayta ochildi, bu hududdan transport Radstok va Vestberi orqali Bristolga olib chiqildi. Ammo qolgan quduqlar 1973 yilda yopilgan va so'nggi ko'mir harakati 1973 yil 16 noyabrda bo'lib o'tgan.[12]

1960-yillarda temir yo'l tarmog'ining moliyaviy yo'qotishlari ko'payib ketdi va 1963 yilda hisobot e'lon qilindi, Britaniya temir yo'llarini qayta shakllantirish . Bu kam ishlatilgan liniyalar va stantsiyalarni keng miqyosda yopilishini taklif qildi va natijada o'zgarishlar "deb nomlandi Beeching kesilishi, muallifdan keyin, doktor Richard Beeching, British Railways raisi. Bu WS&WR tarmog'iga ulanadigan ko'plab filiallarga ta'sir ko'rsatdi va 1966 yilda Devizes filiali va WS&WR liniyalaridagi ko'plab oraliq to'xtash joylari va kichik stantsiyalar ham yopildi. Veymutga umumiy yuk tashish asosan Bornmut yo'nalishiga yo'naltirildi va 1967-1968 yillarda Tingli Junction va Bradford Junction va Castle Cary va Dorchester o'rtasida marshrutlar singling amalga oshirildi.

Londondan Veymutgacha bo'lgan asosiy yo'nalish Bornmut va Dorchester Saut orqali Vaterloudan bo'lgan; Londondan Bornmutga 1967 yilda Veymutga dizel yoqilg'isi bilan harakatlanadigan poezdlar elektrlashtirildi. Uchinchi temir yo'l to'g'ridan-to'g'ri oqim tizimidagi elektrlashtirish 1988 yil 10 fevraldan Veymutga qadar uzaytirildi.

1990 yil 17 martda Bredford Shimoliy Curve olib tashlandi; Keyingi yillarda Box liniyasini muhandislik bilan yopish paytida yo'naltirilgan poezdlarni boshqarish imkoniyati saqlanib qolgan edi, ammo lokomotiv tashiydigan yo'lovchi poezdlarining yo'q qilinishi, yo'naltirilgan poezdlar shunchaki Bredford janubiy kavşağında orqaga qarab ketishi mumkin edi.

Tarmoqning Bath - Westbury - Solsbury qismi yo'lovchilar poezdiga xizmatni kuchaytirdi Sprinter Bristol - Solsberi - Portsmut o'qida odatda soatiga xizmat ko'rsatadigan dizel agregatlari. Tinglidan Bredfordgacha bo'lgan xizmat ancha qisqartirildi va Vestberidan Veymutgacha bo'lgan bo'lim asosiy xizmatga ega edi.[1]

Poezd xizmatlari

Yo'lovchi poezdlari

Thingley Junction-dan Westbury-ga birinchi yo'nalish ochilganda, har tomonga beshta yo'lovchi poezdi bor edi; ular London poezdlari bilan ozmi-ko'pmi asosli aloqalarni o'rnatdilar.[17]

1895 yilga kelib, xizmat bir oz ko'payib ketdi, ba'zilari ma'lum to'xtash joylarini qoldirdi; Chippenxemdan Veymutga poezdlar orqali borar edi. O'sha yili Bredfordning shimoliy egri chizig'ining ochilishi Devizes-dan Bathgacha xizmatlar orqali amalga oshirildi; aslida bularning aksariyati Reading-dan Bath yoki Bristolga yugurishgan va ertalab tez xizmat va kechqurun bor edi; Radstock liniyasida har kuni oltita poezd bor edi, ularning hammasi Bristolga Klyutton orqali o'tib ketishdi.[18]

1904 yil iyulda GWR Plymutga tezyurar poezdlar qatnovini boshladi, Paddingtondan Plimutgacha to'xtovsiz harakat qildi, ammo bu Bristol yordam liniyasi orqali amalga oshirildi.[5-eslatma] Eng yaxshi poezdlar ettita transport vositasi bilan qat'iy cheklangan va ular nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan Cheklangan, keyinchalik nomlangan bo'lsa-da Cornish Riviera Express. On 23 July 1906 (down) and 25 July (up) these trains were diverted to run over the new cut-off line via Lavington, Frome and Somerton, now running non-stop over a distance of 225 miles 57 chains. The down train left Paddington at 10:30, and sirpanib ketdi a coach at Westbury for Weymouth, and at Exeter. The up train was soon altered to call at Exeter. (Several through trains to the West of England continued to run via Bristol.)[13]

When the West of England expresses started using the 1933 avoiding line at Westbury, the Weymouth slip portion of the down Cornish Riviera Express was slipped before reaching Heywood Road Junction; the station pilot then ran out to couple to it and bring it in to the station.[19]

By 1947 the modern distinction between long-distance and purely local passenger trains had arisen. By this time the west of England trains ran over the route via Westbury avoiding line or station, and Frome avoiding line. There were through express trains from London to Weymouth via Westbury and Castle Cary, and an enhanced service from Bristol or Cardiff to Portsmouth Harbour via Westbury and Salisbury.[20]

Yuk tashish

Little is recorded about goods and mineral traffic in the early years, but an easy and cheap connection was clearly hugely beneficial. Agricultural products, and the inwards requirements of farmers, and also of house and industrial coal and other manufactured goods were all important traffics.

Dominant freight services on the line in later years were coal trains from South Wales, to Southampton and Portsmouth particularly, and also coal from Radstock and Camerton to Bristol and elsewhere.

Early signalling

From the earliest days of the line, the signalling system was by double-needle telegraph enabling simple messages to be passed. These enabled agreement between two stations to vary the timetabled crossing of opposing trains on the single line, in the event of late running. The telegraph was not ready in time for the opening from Yeovil to Dorchester Junction, and working by pilotman was used for the first few weeks, with a crossing place at Evershot. On the double track section from Thingley Junction to Westbury and Dorchester Junction to Weymouth, the time interval system was used.

The fixed signals consisted of a signal at the station or crossing place, not necessarily placed before the fouling point, which gave permission to enter the station, and an auxiliary signal placed further back which functioned like a distant signal. There were no starting signals: permission to proceed into a section was given by written order handed to the driver. The signals were mostly of the disc and crossbar type, and the points and signals were operated by lever at their location, with no interlocking.

In 1963 the GWR replaced the double needle telegraph instruments with a single needle system.

From 1870 the most difficult sections were equipped with the disc block system, which was permissive.[6-eslatma]

Absolute block working started to be implemented from the end of 1874,[21] and in the following few years recognisable signal boxes were constructed across the system, with interlocking.[7-eslatma] The electric train staff system was implemented on the single lines, and modern semaphore signals replaced most of the disc and crossbar signals over the following decade.

Timber bridges

At the early date of construction of the WS&WR network, numerous structures were built in timber.

Two bridges between Thingley and Trowbridge were designed in timber but may not have been actually built in the material: Lacock Viaduct was to be a three-span underbridge with two timber piers and masonry abutments; va turniket road near Melksham was to cross the railway by a single span truss.

Near Staverton the railway crossed the River Avon on a viaduct with nine 20-ft spans. At Yarnbrook it crossed the Trowbridge to Westbury road on a viaduct with a central skewed timber truss flanked by two masonry arches.

Near Frome at the (later) junction of the Radstock branch there was a two-span truss viaduct. When the Radstock branch was built an adjacent viaduct was built for its alignment, and there were five further river crossings in timber to Radstock.

Between Bathampton and Bradford Junction there were at least five timber viaducts: one is now the site of two bridges east of Bradford station, then two bridges west of Bradford over the Avon, Freshford Viaduct over the Kennet va Avon kanali, and Midford Brook viaduct. The last remaining timber viaduct, west of Bradford station, was rebuilt in 1889. On the Devizes branch there were three timber viaducts: Whaddon Bridge over the Avon, Outmarsh bridge over the Wilts & Berks kanali, and a timber viaduct over the Turnpike road with a 56-ft span and two 33-ft spans.[22]

Topografiya

Stations and geographical junctions; entries in italic were not passenger stations; junctions are "facing" or "trailing" in the direction shown

Thingley Junction to Weymouth

Opened to Westbury 1848; to Frome 1851; to Yeovil 1856; and to Weymouth 1857.

  • Thingley Junction; on the main line between Chippenham and Corsham;
  • Trailing junction for Air Ministry Loop (west curve) 1943–1955 [23];
  • Lacock Halt; 1905–1966;
  • Beanacre Halt; 1905–1955;
  • Melksham; closed 1966; reopened 1985;
  • Broughton Gifford Halt; 1905–1955;
  • Holt Junction; trailing junction for the line from Devizes 1857–1966; passenger station opened 1861,[8-eslatma] closed 1966;
  • Staverton Halt; 1905–1966;
  • Bradford North Junction; facing junction for Bradford North Curve 1895–1990;
  • Bradford South Junction; trailing junction for the Bathampton line from 1857;
  • Trowbridge;
  • Hawkeridge Junction; facing junction for Hawkeridge curve, towards Heywood Road Junction and Pewsey from 1942;
  • Westbury; original station building had an overall roof; trailing junction from Lavington from 1900; facing junction for the Salisbury line from 1851;
  • Fairwood Junction; trailing junction for the Westbury Avoiding Line from 1933;
  • Clink Road Junction; facing junction for Frome Avoiding Line from 1933;
  • Frome North Junction; facing junction for Radstock branch from 1854, forming a triangle with next from 1875; shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan Frome Mineral Loop Junction;
  • Frome station; trailing junction for the Radstock line from 1875; the passenger station has an all-over roof;
  • Blatchbridge Junction; trailing junction for the Frome Avoiding Line from 1933;
  • Witham; facing junction for Shepton Mallet line from 1858; station closed 1966; Shepton Mallet line closed to passengers in 1963 and cut back to Cranmore for mineral traffic only in 1969;
  • Strap Lane Halt; 1932–1950;
  • Bruton;
  • Castle Cary;[9-eslatma] facing junction for Somerton and Taunton from 1905;
  • Sparkford; closed 1966;
  • Marston; renamed Marston Magna 1895; closed 1966;
  • Yeovil Pen Mill; facing junction for Yeovil Town 1857 to 1966; originally had an overall roof;
  • Yeovil South Junction; facing junction to the former LSWR line from Yeovil Town to Yeovil Junction from 1943; the two routes ran parallel for some distance;
  • Clifton Maybank Junction; facing junction for Clifton Maybank, originally break of gauge exchange sidings for the LSWR; closed 1937;
  • Thornford Bridge Halt; opened 1936; renamed Thornford 1974;
  • Yetminster;
  • Chetnole Halt; opened 1933;
  • Holywell Tunnel;
  • Evershot; closed 1966;
  • Cattistock Halt; 1931–1966;
  • Maiden Newton; trailing junction for the Bridport branch 1857–1975;
  • Grimstone and Frampton; closed 1966;
  • Frampton Tunnel;
  • Bradford Peverell and Stratton Halt; 1933–1966;
  • Poundbury Tunnel;
  • Dorchester; renamed Dorchester West 1949;
  • Dorchester Junction; trailing junction for the former LSWR route from Bournemouth from 1847;
  • Came Bridge Halt; opened 1905; renamed Monkton and Came Halt later in 1905; closed 1957;
  • Bincombe Tunnel;
  • Upwey Wishing Well Halt; 1905–1957;
  • Upwey; 1871–1886;[10-eslatma]
  • Upwey Junction; opened 1886; trailing junction for the Abbotsbury branch 1885–1952; renamed Upwey and Broadwey 1953; renamed Upwey 1980;
  • Radipole Halt; 1905–1984;
  • Weymouth Junction; facing junction for the Portland lines until 1965, and the Quay Tramway;
  • Weymouth.

Westbury to Salisbury

Opened 1854 to Warminster, and in 1856 throughout.

  • Dilton Marsh Halt; opened 1937;
  • Warminster;
  • Heytesbury; closed 1955;
  • Codford; closed 1955;
  • Wylye; closed 1955;
  • Langford; closed 1857;
  • Wishford; closed 1955;
  • Wilton; renamed Wilton North 1949;
  • Connection made to former LSWR line east of Wilton in 1973, and remainder of the original GWR route to Salisbury closed;
  • Salisbury; originally with over-all roof; LSWR station subsequently built adjacent; closed to passengers 1932.

Bathampton to Bradford Junction

Opened 1857.

  • Bathampton; facing junction on the main line from Bath to Chippenham;
  • Limpley Stoke; trailing junction from the Camerton line 1910–1951; station closed 1966;
  • Freshford;
  • Avoncliff Halt; opened 1906;
  • Bredford; renamed Bradford-on-Avon 1899;
  • Bradford Tunnel (159 yards);
  • Greenland Mill Automatic Half Barrier Level Crossing;
  • Bradford West Junction; facing junction for Bradford North Curve, leading to Bradford North Junction 1895–1990;
  • Bradford South Junction; trailing junction for the line from Thingley Junction.

Devizes branch

Devizes to Holt Junction: opened 1857; never double track; closed 1966

  • Devizes; originally had an overall roof with a single platform; Berks and Hants Extension line from Hungerford formed an end-on junction in 1862;
  • Bromham and Rowde Halt; opened 1909;
  • Seend; opened 1858;
  • Semington Halt; opened 1906;
  • Holt Junction; trailing junction on the Thingley Junction line.

Radstock branch

Frome Mineral Loop Junction[11-eslatma] to Radstock, opened 1854, and from Frome station (and throughout to passengers) forming a triangle from 1875; closed to passengers 1959; never double track; closed beyond Whatley Quarry 1988.

  • Frome Mineral Junction; from 1875, the third apex of the Frome triangle;
  • Mells; renamed Mells Road 1898;
  • Radstock; end on junction formed by the Bristol va Shimoliy Somerset temir yo'li in 1873 (but break of gauge until 1874); renamed Radstock West 1949.[24][25]

Gradiyentlar

On the post-1933 main line between Westbury and Castle Cary, gradients were significant, rising from Westbury at typically 1 in 151 but with short steeper sections to a summit at Brewham, near Strap Lane Halt; eastbound there was a continuous climb from Castle Cary to Brewham, with a ruling gradient of 1 in 98.

The Weymouth line was very difficult, climbing from Yeovil to a summit at Evershot, with a stiff final climb at 1 in 51, then falling somewhat less steeply and not continuously, to Dorchester. There was a difficult summit over the busy section between there and Weymouth, with a summit at Bincombe. The southbound climb was at 1 in 91 but northbound the gradient was a difficult 1 in 50 to 52.

Before about 1965, while unfitted[12-eslatma] goods trains were commonplace, line occupation on this busy section of line was significantly limited.

On the Bath to Salisbury line there was a stiff climb from Trowbridge to near Warminster, with a long stretch at 1 in 70 to 76.[26]

Izohlar

  1. ^ In fact the original Great Western Railway authorising Act had included a branch from near Chippenham to Bradford-on-Avon; this was of course not built with the main line.
  2. ^ There are complexities about the Bradford triangle. MacDermot (volume I part 1 page 286) says in connection with the first opening, "The short branch from Staverton to Bradford was made, and even the Bradford station built, but for some reason the rails were left unfinished, and no attempt was made to open it. So matters remained for some years to the extreme discontent of the inhabitants." Staverton to Bradford is clearly the north curve, although of course only the trackbed was made at this time and no actual track; the main line was open. Phillips (page 14) also says "from Staverton". Later, discussing the opening from Trowbridge to Bathampton on page 414, MacDermot says "As far as Bradford, with the tunnel (159 yards) and even the station there, it had been practically ready, save for part of the permanent way, as we have seen. It left the main Wilts and Somerset line about 1¼ miles north of Trowbridge by a fork, on the southern branch only of which the rails were laid [and ran on to Bathampton]." He annotates a footnote against the word "laid", which reads "The northern curve was not used till March 1895." MacDermot's "southern branch" of the fork is clearly the original main line.
    All this appears to mean that Bradford was originally intended to be served by the north curve only, allowing direct running from Chippenham to Bradford. When the Trowbridge to Bathampton line was built, it had been decided to omit the north curve, so that Bathampton had direct running from Trowbridge but not from Chippenham via Holt.
  3. ^ In 1923 the Southern Railway had absorbed the LSWR.
  4. ^ Cobb says 1955.
  5. ^ By-passing Temple Meads between North Somerset Junction and Pylle Hill via Marsh Junction and St Philips Marsh.
  6. ^ Aksincha mutlaq; in absolute block a second train could not normally be permitted to enter a section until the preceding train was known to have left it; in permissive systems the following train could enter after a certain time lapse, but the driver was warned that the section might still contain the preceding train.
  7. ^ Primitive precursors of the signal box may have been erected at Weymouth in 1865 and Dorchester Junction in 1866, but probably did not include interlocking.
  8. ^ Taken from Oakley, page 68; he says that "recent research" indicates that an exchange platform, but not a public station, opened in 1857, contradicting "most sources" which had stated 1861; the Holt residents celebrated the 1857 opening of the Devizes branch with a procession, and he suggests that "some means of access to the trains must have been provided"; a full public station opened on 1 April 1874. MacDermot in volume I part 1 page 414 says that "Holt Junction [first appears] in 1861 but only as a changing place till 1874". For a fuller discussion see Quick, Railway Passenger Stations of Great Britain - A Chronology, Railway & Canal Historical Society, 2019 (no ISBN)
  9. ^ GWR public timetable of e.g. 1859 gave this as "Castle Carey".
  10. ^ Bor edi Uvey station on the Abbotsbury branch from its opening in 1885.
  11. ^ Probably called Radstock Junction originally.
  12. ^ Goods trains not equipped with a continuous brake, controlled by the driver, are described as "unfitted". On the approach to steep downhill gradients they were required to stop for the guard to pin down the handbrakes on sufficient wagons to enable a safe descent. This took a considerable time and blocked the line to following trains during the procedure.

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ a b v d e f g h Derek Phillips, The Story of the Westbury to Weymouth Line, Oxford Publishing Co., Sparkford, 1994, ISBN  0 86093 514 0
  2. ^ Taunton Courier, 8 January 1845, quoted in Hadfield
  3. ^ Hadfield, page 296
  4. ^ Charles Hadfield, The Canals of Southern England, Phoenix House Ltd., London, 1955, page 296
  5. ^ Henry Grote Lewin, The Railway Mania and its Aftermath, Railway Gazette, London, 1936, page 156
  6. ^ a b v d e Colin Maggs, The Bath to Weymouth Line, Oakwood Press, Usk, 1982, ISBN  0 85361 289 7
  7. ^ Devid Sent Jon Tomas, Buyuk Britaniya temir yo'llarining mintaqaviy tarixi: 1-jild: G'arbiy mamlakat, Devid va Charlz, Nyuton Abbot, 1966 yil
  8. ^ a b v E T MacDermot, History of the Great Western Railway, volume I part 1, published by the Great Western railway, London, 1927
  9. ^ "Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway Company". Milliy arxiv. Olingan 18 iyul 2017.
  10. ^ R A Uilyams, London va Janubiy G'arbiy temir yo'l, 1-jild: shakllangan yillar, Devid va Charlz, Nyuton Abbot, 1968, ISBN  0-7153-4188-X, 61-bet
  11. ^ MacDermot volume I part 1 page 415
  12. ^ a b D W Warnock and R G Parsons, The Bristol and North Somerset Railway since 1884, Avon Anglia Productions, Bristol, 1979, ISBN  0 905 466 217
  13. ^ a b v E T MacDermot, Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'l tarixi volume II, published by the Great Western Railway, London, 1931
  14. ^ R V J Butt, Temir yo'l stantsiyalari ma'lumotnomasi, Patrick Stephens Limited, Sparkford, 1995, ISBN  1 85260 508 1
  15. ^ John Lewis, Great Western Steam Railmotors and Their Services, Wild Swan Publications Ltd, Oxford, 2004, ISBN  1-874103-96-8
  16. ^ R Tourret, GWR Engineering Work 1928–1938, Tourret Publishing, Abingdon, 2003, ISBN  0 905878 08 6
  17. ^ Bradshaw's Rail Times for Great Britain and Ireland 1850, reprint by Middleton Press, Midhurst, 2012, 978-1-908174-13-0
  18. ^ Bradshaw's Rail Times for Great Britain and Ireland December 1895, Middleton Press, Midhurst, 2011, ISBN  978-1-908174-11-6
  19. ^ P W B Semmens, The Heyday of GWR Train Services, David and Charles Publishers plc, Newton Abbot, 1990, ISBN  0-7153-9109-7
  20. ^ Great Western Railway Timetables 6 October 1947, reprint by the Oxford Publishing Company, Oxford, undated, ISBN  0-902888-73-0
  21. ^ Phillips, page 26
  22. ^ Brian Lewis, Brunel's Timber Bridges and Viaducts, Ian Allan Publishing, Hersham, 2007, ISBN  978 0 7110 3218 7
  23. ^ Cooke, Track Layout Diagrams of the GWR and BR WR - Section 21 - Bath and Westbury, author, 1988
  24. ^ Kol M H Kobb, The Railways of Great Britain – A Historical Atlas, Yan Allan Publishing Limited, Shepperton, 2003, ISBN  07110 3003 0
  25. ^ Mike Oakley, Wiltshire temir yo'l stantsiyalari, The Dovecote Press, Wimborne, 2004, ISBN  1 904349 33 1
  26. ^ Gradients of the British Main-Line Railways, The Railway Publishing Co, London, 1947

Qo'shimcha o'qish

  • Vik Mitchell va Keyt Smit, Salisbury to Westbury, Middleton Press, Midhurst, 1994, ISBN  1 873793 39 1
  • Vik Mitchell va Keyt Smit, Branch Lines Around Weymouth, Middleton Press, Midhurst, 1989, ISBN  0 906520 65 7
  • Beale, Gerry (1992). "Dorchester". Great Western Railway Journal. Yovvoyi oqqush nashrlari. 4: 135–151, 168–172.
  • MacDermot, E T (1927). History of the Great Western Railway, volume I 1833–1863. London: Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'l.
  • Butt, R V J (1995). Temir yo'l stantsiyalari ma'lumotnomasi. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Limited. ISBN  1-85260-508-1.
  • J.H. Lucking (1968). Railways of Dorset. Temir yo'l yozishmalar va sayohat jamiyati.