Vayt temir yo'li - Isle of Wight Railway

Vayt temir yo'li
IWRmonogram thumb.jpg
Vayt temir yo'llari monogrammasi
Tarix
1860Harakat birlashma
1864Birinchi poyezd yugurdi
Voris tashkilot
1923"Guruhlash" Janubiy temir yo'l
Asosiy joylar
Bosh ofisSandown stantsiyasi
SeminarlarRayd ishlaydi
Asosiy stantsiyalarRayd Sent-Jonning yo'li
Sandown
Yo'nalish masofasi
18647,25 milya (11,7 km)
186611,25 mil (18,1 km)
1880*12,5 mil (20,1 km)
1882*15,25 mil (24,5 km)
Yil oxiridagi ko'rsatkich ko'rsatilgan.
* - 1880 yildan boshlab, Rayd Pyerga ishlaydigan kuchlar kiradi.
Uayt temir yo'lining 1900 yildagi tizim xaritasi

The Vayt temir yo'li da temir yo'l kompaniyasi edi Vayt oroli, Birlashgan Qirollik; o'rtasida 14 milya temir yo'l liniyasini boshqargan Rayd va Ventnor. Reyning birinchi qismini Ryddan to ochdi Sandown 1864 yilda, keyinroq Ventnorga qadar 1866 yilda. Ryd stantsiyasi St Johns Road-da, sayohatchilarning aksariyati kelgan iskala masofasidan bir oz uzoqlikda edi. Tramvay yo'li iskandarning o'zida harakat qilgan va keyinchalik ko'chadan tramvay yo'li Pirsdan Sent-Jons yo'ligacha harakat qilgan. Faqat 1880 yilgacha ikkita materik temir yo'l kompaniyalari birgalikda temir yo'lni Pier Head-ga qadar uzatishdi va IoWR poezdlari sayohat tartibini yaxshilab o'tdi.

Mustaqil kompaniya filial liniyasini qurdi Brading ga Bembridj va IoWR 1882 yildan boshlab yo'lovchi poezdlarini boshqargan va keyinchalik egalik qiluvchi kompaniyani o'zlashtirgan.

IoWR o'zi ichiga singib ketgan Janubiy temir yo'l 1923 yilgi "guruhlashda".

Bembridj filiali 1953 yilda yopilgan va 1966 yilda Ryde Pier Head to Ventnor liniyasi Shanklinda tugashi uchun qisqartirilgan. Bu elektrlashtirildi va London metropolitenining avvalgi poezd zaxiralari liniyada foydalanishga topshirildi; ushbu tartib hozirgi kungacha davom etmoqda.

Birinchi takliflar

O'n to'qqizinchi asrning birinchi yillarida Uayt oroli muvaffaqiyatli qishloq xo'jaligi bazasi sifatida tashkil etilgan va u erda baliq ovlari bo'lgan. Sigirlar, ustida Medina daryosi, asosiy port edi va Newport asosiy sanoat shaharchasi bo'lgan. Ryd tashkil etilgan shahar edi, ammo Shanklin aholisi 355 kishidan iborat edi (1851 yilda) va Sandown faqat qishloq edi.[1]

Uayt oroliga tashrif buyurish g'oyasi hozirgi kunda turizm deb ta'riflanmoqda, ammo orolda kambag'al ichki transport vositalari cheklangan. 1840-yillarning o'rtalaridagi oson pullar temir yo'l sxemalarini ilgari surishni rag'batlantirdi va 1845-yil may oyida jamoatchilik tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlandi. Vayt temir yo'liG'arbiy Kov va Rayddan Nyuport va Ventnorgacha qurish taklif qilingan. 300 ming funt sterling miqdorida kapital zarur deb aytilgan edi, ammo mahalliy yordamga qaramay, ta'sir ko'rsatadigan er egalari dushmanlik qildilar va bu sxema ma'qullanmadi.[2]

Shunga qaramay, va o'sha yilning oktyabr oyida a To'g'ridan-to'g'ri Rayd va Ventnor temir yo'li taklif qilingan; faqat 120 ming funt kapital talab qilsa, bu ancha oson zaminga amal qiladi va er egalari bunga e'tiroz bildirmaydi; ushbu sxema bir xil darajada yomon natija berdi va deyarli darhol tark etildi. Oxiri Mania temir yo'l bir muncha vaqtgacha temir yo'l sxemasi targ'ibotining to'xtatilishiga olib keldi va 1852 yilga qadar faqatgina boshqa temir yo'llar taklif qilindi, ammo ular ham qo'llab-quvvatlay olmadilar.

1858 yilda uchta hayotiy sxema ishlab chiqildi va ularning qonun loyihalari parlamentga topshirildi; Ular bo'lgan

  • Vayt orolining temir yo'li (Sharqiy qism);[eslatma 1] Rayddan to yugurish Yuqori Bonchurch, filiallari bilan Brading va Shanklinga, tramvay yo'li bilan Rayd Pyeriga; elektr telegraflar ham kiritilgan;
  • Vayt orolidagi temir yo'l; Cowes-dan Ryportga Nyuport orqali, Ventnor va Rayd Piergacha filiallari bilan yugurish;
  • Sigirlar va Newport temir yo'li.

Ulardan faqat Cowes va Newport Railway o'tgan, 1859 yil 8-avgustda, qolgan ikkitasi Lordlar qo'mitasida rad etilgan.[1][2]

Muvaffaqiyatli sxema

Sharqiy qism temir yo'lining targ'ibotchilari o'zlari taklif qilgan marshrutni qayta ko'rib chiqdilar va Wroxall orqali o'tib, Ventnorda tugatib, yo'lni yaxshilashga qaror qildilar. Ular 1860 yilgi sessiya uchun yangi qonun loyihasini taqdim etishdi; endi bu chiziq Uayt oroli (Sharqiy qism) temir yo'li deb nomlanishi kerak edi. Cowes va Newport Railway shuningdek, temir yo'llarini uzaytirish va uning nomini o'zgartirish uchun qonun loyihasini taqdim etdi Vayt orolidagi temir yo'l; kengaytmalar Rayd va Ventnorga to'g'ri kelishi kerak edi, qolgan ikkitasini birlashtirgan va uchburchakni tashkil etgan uzun chiziq. Ammo ushbu qonun doimiy buyurtmalarni bajarmadi va rad etildi. IoW (ES) R qonun loyihasiga bir qator e'tirozlar eshitildi, ammo hech biri samara bermadi va Bill 1860 yil 23-iyulda Qirollik kelishuviga erishdi.[3][4]

Vakolatli temir yo'l Melvil ko'chasidan (Rayddagi tunnelning janubiy uchida) Ventnorgacha, uning shoxlari bilan Brading va Sandown ko'rfazi; ustav kapitali 125000 funtni tashkil etdi.[3] Melvil ko'chasi temir yo'lga qimmatbaho tunnellarsiz etib borishi mumkin bo'lgan eng yaqin joy edi va u erda stantsiya rejalashtirilgan edi. Ko'chada harakatlanadigan tramvay yo'li u erdan iskala tomon etib borishi kerak edi. (Sandown Bay chizig'i va St Johns Road-dan Melville Street-ga shimolga uzatma qurilgan emas. "Brading-ga filial" daryo bo'yidagi iskala tomon qisqa yo'l edi.)[2]

The London, Brayton va Janubiy qirg'oq temir yo'li va London va Janubiy G'arbiy temir yo'l har biriga 20000 funt sterling yig'ish va ushbu summani IoW (ES) R ga obuna bo'lish huquqiga ega. Kapitan Mark Xuish, ilgari shafqatsiz va muvaffaqiyatli Bosh menejeri London va Shimoliy G'arbiy temir yo'l nafaqaga chiqqan va Ventnor yaqinida yashagan va u direktorlarga temir yo'l qurilishini rejalashtirishda yordam berishga taklif qilingan. Huish temir yo'l pudratchisiga taklif qildi Tomas Brassi agar LBSCR va LSWR o'zlarining 20 ming funt sterlingiga obuna bo'lishsa va ulardan biri ushbu liniyani ishlashga rozi bo'lsa, chiziqni qurishga ishontirishi mumkin. Direktorlar samolyotda Huish tajribasi bo'lganidan xursand bo'lishdi - ularning hech birida temir yo'l qurilishi tajribasi yo'q edi. 5 fevral 1861 yilda Brassey kompaniyasi 123 ming funt evaziga temir yo'l qurishni o'z zimmasiga oldi, ammo bu temir yo'lning yagona yo'li uchun va faqat er sotib olish, yuridik xarajatlar va stantsiyalardan tashqari. Ushbu summa Kompaniyaning ustav kapitalini tugatadi. Bundan ham yomoni: LBSCR va LSWR raqobatdosh dushmanlik holatida edi va hamkorlik g'oyasi imkonsiz edi.[2]

Muzokaralar bir muncha vaqt davom etdi; Kengash Brassini ushbu liniyani qurishga ishontirishi mumkinligiga astoydil umid qildi, ammo kafolatlarsiz Brassi kompaniyaning mijozi sifatida to'lovga qodir bo'lishidan qo'rqdi va u rad etdi.

1862 yil boshlarida kengash tomonidan tender savdolari ko'rib chiqildi; ularning hech biri maqbul yoki arzon edi. 1862 yil 20 martda muhandis Jon Fowler kompaniyaning muhandisi etib tayinlandi. Undan liniya qurilishining dizayni va spetsifikatsiyasini ko'rib chiqishni iltimos qildilar va 1862 yil 4-noyabrda Fowlerning qo'llab-quvvatlashi bilan Genri Bondning taklifi Kengashga qo'yildi. 126000 funt evaziga u Brayd filiali bilan Rayddan Ventnorgacha bo'lgan yo'lni quradi. 1863 yilning birinchi kunlarida bu orolda eng yirik qurilish loyihasi ish boshladi. Keyinchalik stansiyalar va signalizatsiya uchun Bond bilan 17,500 funt sterling miqdorida qo'shimcha shartnoma tuzildi.

1860-yilgi qonunda iskala tomon ko'chada harakatlanadigan tramvay yo'li uchun terminal yaratish uchun Sent-Jons yo'lidan Melvil ko'chasiga shimol tomon uzaytirishga ruxsat berilgan edi. Raydda ushbu hududdagi qulaylikka salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatishi to'g'risida juda ko'p tortishuvlar yuzaga kelgan va Kompaniya 1863 yil 12-martda Melvil ko'chasiga cho'zishdan voz kechishga qaror qilgan. Ryde Pier Company bilan iskala tomon temir yo'l qurish bo'yicha muzokaralar bo'lib o'tdi, ammo muzokaralar buzildi va 1864 yilda bu g'oya bekor qilindi. Shuningdek, 1860 yilda vakolat berilgan Sandown Bay filiali tark etildi.[2]

Kompaniya nomi o'zgartirildi Vayt temir yo'li parlamentning 1863 yil 28 iyuldagi qonuni bilan.[2] Ushbu nom kompaniyaning maqomiga ko'proq mos keladigan deb hisoblandi, chunki Bill Nyuportga filialni Cowes va Newport Railway-ga qo'shilishni taklif qilgan edi. Biroq, ushbu kompaniya bilan kelishuvlar bo'yicha muzokaralar imkonsiz bo'lib chiqdi, shuning uchun taklif Billda paydo bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, u kuchga kirmasdan oldin o'chirildi.

Maqsadni erta tugatish va ochish to'g'risida optimizmli bayonotlar berildi, ammo 1864 yil 18 fevralda aktsiyadorlar yig'ilishida ushbu liniya uchun ba'zi erlarni olish kerakligi haqida xabar berildi. Shunga qaramay, 1864 yil 1-iyunda Kompaniya kotibi Savdo kengashi bir oy ichida temir yo'l ochilishi to'g'risida xabar berish. Keyinchalik harakatlanuvchi tarkib bilan kechikish yuz berdi, ammo Polkovnik Yolland 19 avgust kuni Savdo inspektsiyasini tuzdi. Aslida bu faqat Rayddan Shanklinga qadar bo'lgan qism uchun edi. Yolland bir nechta tafsilotlarni topdi - trass balasti bo'r edi, ammo chiziqni ochish uchun tasdiqlashni tavsiya qildi. Bu yo'nalish Rayddan Shanklingacha 1864 yil 23-avgustda ochilgan.[1][2][3]

Birinchi uchastkada olib yurish quvonchli edi, ammo Ventnorda tunnel qurish qiyin kechdi. Aslida pudratchi buni yakunlay olmadi va o'zining kreditori bo'lgan Warrant Finance moliya kompaniyasi boshqaruviga o'tdi. Oxir-oqibat, bu ish ancha tayyor edi, garchi ko'p xarajatlarni kamaytirishga olib keldi. Polkovnik Yolland 1866 yil avgustda tekshiruv o'tkazdi, ammo bu safar ko'plab kamchiliklar, jumladan, nuqsonli yo'l ham bor edi. Uning hisobotini qabul qilgan Savdo kengashi ochilishni tasdiqlashdan bosh tortdi. Kompaniyada pul etishmovchiligi bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, ba'zi direktorlar muammolarni bartaraf etish uchun pudratchining to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakatlarini shaxsan moliyalashtirgan ko'rinadi va Yolland 1866 yil 8-sentyabrda yana xabar berdi va bu safar ochilishni tasdiqlashni tavsiya qildi.

Ventnor stantsiyasi 1963 yilda

1866 yil 10-sentyabr, dushanba kuni yo'lovchilar tashish uchun Ventnorgacha kengaytma ochildi; tovarlar aylanmasi BoT tomonidan tasdiqlashni talab qilmadi va allaqachon boshlangan edi. Ventnordagi stantsiya "qurib bo'lingandan uzoqroq" ekanligi va dengiz sathidan 294 fut balandlikda ekanligi xabar qilingan.[5] Ventnor tunnelining uzunligi 1312 yard edi.[1][2]

1860-yillar davomida IWES Bradingda qisqa temir yo'l qurib, uning yonidagi yog'och iskala tomon yo'l oldi Yar daryosi; daryo juda yomon siljigan, ammo mayda kemalar uning ustida ishlay olishgan.[2]

Kompaniyaning moliyaviy ahvoli og'ir ahvolda edi; aktsiyadorlar qo'mitasi "Sizning qo'mitangiz kompaniyaning ixtiyoridagi mavjud aktivlar deyarli nolga teng ekanligini bildirganidan afsusda" deb xabar berdi.[6]

Operatsion va trafik

Ish kunlari har tomonga o'n bitta sayohat bor edi, yakshanba kunlari esa Shanklingacha ochilganda. Safar vaqti odatda 25 daqiqani tashkil etdi. 1864 yil noyabrga kelib, ish kunidagi xizmat har tomonga etti poezdgacha qisqartirildi. Yo'lovchilar biznesi kutilganidan yaxshiroq edi, garchi bu Bradingda umidsizlikka uchragan bo'lsa ham. Ventnorgacha yo'nalish uzaytirilgach, shuncha miqdordagi poezdlar qatnaydilar va Raydning Ventnorga boradigan vaqti 30 minut edi.

Rydda yo'lovchilar turar joyi juda cheklangan edi va ikki yil ichida poyezdlar qatnovini rejalashtirilganidan ko'ra tezroq bajarish uchun ikkinchi platforma taqdim etildi. Ushbu davrda aylanma stol ishlatilmay qoldi, chunki butun lokomotiv zaxirasi tank dvigatellari edi. Shanklinda chiziq dastlab dvigatelni bo'shatish maqsadida ishlatiladigan aylanuvchi stol bilan tugagan edi, ammo bu chiziq Ventnorga uzaytirilganda ham olib tashlandi.

Ushbu yo'nalish ikkita signal uchastkasida, Rayddan Sandowngacha va Sandowndan Ventnorgacha ish olib borgan va poezdlar shtabi va chipta tizimidan foydalanilgan. Sandown yo'lovchi poezdlari o'tishi mumkin bo'lgan yagona oraliq stantsiya edi, lekin ko'chadan stantsiyaning shimoliy tomonida edi va u erda faqat bitta platforma mavjud edi. Ventnor stantsiyasi bitta tor platforma bilan ochildi, ammo 1872 yilga kelib u erda ikkinchi platforma yuzi ham ta'minlandi.

Bu vaqtga kelib Rayd Pier (ikkinchi inshoot) 745 yard uzunlikda edi va undan foydalangan sayohatchilar qirg'oqqa uzoq yurishgan; bu bunday raqobat bo'lmagan Cowes bilan taqqoslaganda jiddiy raqobatbardosh kamchilik edi. Ot tramvay yo'li 1864 yil 27-avgustda iskandarning o'zida ish boshladi, ammo pristavdan St-Jons-Rost stantsiyasigacha bo'lgan masofa temir yo'l aloqasi bo'lmagan va bir muncha vaqt noqulaylik tug'dirgan.

Mavsumiy avtoulovlarning katta qismi materikdan kelgan va tirgakdan stantsiyagacha bo'lgan bo'shliqqa noqulaylik tug'dirganiga qaramay, transport tirband edi. 1867 yilda ish kunlari har tomonga 14 ta poezd qatnovi to'g'risida qaror qabul qilindi va bu dvigatel kuchiga zo'riqishni keltirib chiqardi. Tovarlar trafigi yo'lovchi poezdlari uchun resurslarni bo'shatish uchun tunda olib borilgan, ammo tovar aylanmasi orol iqtisodiyoti uchun muhim bo'lgan; ko'p qismi Brading Harbour orqali kirib kelgan. Bunga turar-joy va pansionat qurilishini rivojlantirish uchun katta miqdordagi qurilish materiallari kiritildi.

1867 yilda 384 ming yo'lovchi sayohati amalga oshirildi, tovar aylanmasi tushumlari yo'lovchilar daromadining taxminan 10 foizini tashkil etdi. Biroq, o'sha yili aniq bo'lmagan istisno xarajatlar tufayli ishchi xarajatlar to'kilgan edi,[2-eslatma] yalpi daromaddan biroz oshib ketdi. Keyingi yillarda ish xarajatlari 65% (1869) va 63% (1870) gacha tushdi.

Maykokning ta'kidlashicha, 1867 yil yozida Sandown ko'rfazida keng ko'lamli harbiy manevrlar bo'lgan va vaqtincha to'xtatilgan, ya'ni Yarbridge yoki Morton Common deb nomlangan, ammo bu boshqa manbalar tomonidan tasdiqlanmagan.[2]

Iskala va IoWR stantsiyasi o'rtasidagi uzoq masofaning noqulayligi noxush bo'lib qolaverdi; ulanish uzoq vaqtdan beri taklif qilingan edi. Katta qiyinchilik shundaki, mahalliy aholi har qanday tramvay yo'lining qurilishi bilan dengiz jabhasidagi ko'rinishni yomonlashishiga qarshi edi, chunki shaharga o'tuvchi gradiyentlar katta muhandislik ishlarini talab qiladi; bundan tashqari, lokomotivlardan kelib chiqadigan tutunning bezovtalanishiga e'tiroz bildirildi. Biroq, 1871 yil 7-avgustda Ryde Pier kompaniyasi tomonidan iskala va stantsiya o'rtasida ko'chada harakatlanadigan ot tramvay yo'li ochildi. Tramvay yo'li Sent-Jons yo'lining shimoliy qismida to'xtadi va temir yo'l uni kutib olish uchun yo'l bo'ylab uzaytirildi. Stansiya platformalari uzaytirildi va platformani dvigatelni bo'shatish harakati endi manevrani bajarish uchun yo'lni ikki marta kesib o'tishi kerak edi.[2] Tramvay yo'li Rayd shahridagi Strand va Kornuoll ko'chalari tutashgan joyidagi uyning pastki qavatidagi (17 Strand) kamar yo'lidan o'tdi; hozirda yo'l yopilgan va deraza oynasi o'rnatilgan.[7]

Biznes tezkor bo'lsa-da, Kompaniya doimiy ravishda kapitalga ega emas edi va ba'zi shubhali choralar ko'rildi; daromad 1872 yil davomida o'sdi, ammo uni oldindan mavjud bo'lgan naqd majburiyatlar yutib yubordi. Boshqarma boshqa kreditlar bo'yicha foizlarni to'lash uchun 1500 funt sterling miqdorida bank krediti bo'yicha muzokaralar olib bordi va ushbu qarzni shaxsan direktor kafolatlashi kerak edi. O'sha yili Kengash o'zining imtiyozli aktsiyalari bo'yicha dividend e'lon qildi, ammo to'lov qo'shimcha imtiyozli aktsiyalarni chiqarish yo'li bilan amalga oshirilishi kerak edi.

1871 yil 15-aprelda Sandown yaqinidagi bitta yo'nalish qismida ikkita poyezd to'qnashganida voqea sodir bo'ldi. Ma'lum bo'lishicha, poezdlar xodimlari va bitta yo'nalishdagi xavfsiz ishlash uchun chipta qoidalari signalchilar tomonidan tez-tez e'tiborsiz qoldirilgan.[2]

IoWR harakatlanuvchi tarkib

Dastlab, Vayt orolidagi temir yo'l standartlashtirilgan tank dvigatellari parkini buyurtma qildi Beyer tovus,[8] shuningdek, to'rtta tormoz bo'linmasi bo'lgan 24 yo'lovchi vagonlari va Oldbury Carriage and Wagon kompaniyasidan 30 ta ochiq vagon. 1865 yilda temir yo'l yana 10 ta vagonga buyurtma berdi va Rayd Pier kompaniyasidan ikkita vagon sotib oldi. 1872 yilda omborga chamadon furgoni ham qo'shildi. 1873 yilda beshta uchinchi toifadagi murabbiylarga buyruq berildi. 1875 yilda ikkinchi darajali uchta vagon, 1876 yilda esa yana bitta yuk avtoulovi sotib olingan. 1882 yilda temir yo'l uchun sotib olingan so'nggi yangi vagonlarga ikkita kompozitsion vagon va to'rt soniya buyurtma berildi. 1885 yilda Oldbury kompaniyasidan uchta vagon sotib olindi; dastlab ular 1881 yilda Oltin Vodiy temir yo'li uchun qurilgan edi, ammo bu kompaniya ularga pul to'lay olmaganida qaytib keldi. Bu ikkita salon, biri birinchi sinf va ikkinchisi ikkinchi sinf edi; uchinchi transport vositasi tormoz vanasi edi. 1897-1888 yillarda IWR o'nta qo'l sotib oldi Shimoliy London temir yo'li vagonlar. Oltitasi birinchi, to'rttasi ikkinchi darajali edi. Birinchi toifadagi transport vositalari xizmatga birinchi (keyinchalik kompozitga aylantirildi), kompozit va to'rt soniya sifatida kirishdi. NLR vagonlarining uchdan bir qismi uchdan uch qismga aylandi, to'rtinchi va ikkita Oldberi vagonlari Rydda yo'lovchilar uchun mo'ljallangan mikroavtobuslar uchun qayta tiklandi. 1914 yilda o'n sakkiztasi ilgari Metropolitan temir yo'li vagonlar sotib olindi, bu ko'plab dastlabki transport vositalarini yo'q qilishga imkon berdi. Yana ikkitasi 1920 yilda olib qo'yilgan, qolgan 49 tasi 1923 yilda guruhlangan edi. Guruhlashda IWRda 38 yo'lovchi murabbiyi va 19 yo'lovchilar uchun mo'ljallanmagan transport vositalari mavjud edi. Yo'lovchi yo'lovchilar vagonlarida yigirma uchinchi toifali (ajratilgan SR raqamlari 2421-40) va o'n sakkizta kompozitsiyalar (SR № 6329-46) mavjud. Yo'lovchilarga tegishli bo'lmagan yo'lovchilar vagonlari tarkibiga o'nta yo'lovchi qo'riqlash mikroavtobusi (SR 980-9), ettita ochiq yuk tashuvchi yuk mashinalari (4378-84) kiradi. bitta yuk avtoulovi (2231) va bitta ot qutisi (3368).[9]

1923 yilda birlashishga mo'ljallangan 221 ta transport vositasi mavjud edi. Bu 189 ta ochiq tovar vagonlari (SR raqamlari 27787-2775), o'n uchta yassi yuk mashinalari (SR raqami 59011-23), o'n ikkita yopiq yuk vagonlari (SR 46975-86), uchta qoramol vagonlari (53377-9), ikkita smola bak (61381-2) va ikkita tormoz furgoni (56033-4). Bunga qo'shimcha ravishda, idoraviy zaxirada uchta narsa bor edi: ikkita sayohat kranlari (SR n. 425S va 426S) va gugurt yuk mashinasi (SR raqami. 426SM). Ochiq molga mo'ljallangan vagonlar ko'mir uchun ham ishlatilgan va ularning hajmi 5 dan 15 tonnagacha (5,1 dan 15,2 tonnagacha) bo'lgan. Yassi yuk mashinalarida yog'ochdan yasalgan yuk mashinalari sifatida belgilangan beshtasi bor edi - ular yukni ko'tarish uchun ko'ndalang mustahkamlagichga ega edi. Ikkala kran ikkalasi ham qo'lda boshqarilardi va mos ravishda 2 va 10 tonnani (2,0 va 10,2 t) ko'tarishi mumkin edi; va gugurt yuk mashinasi № kran tirgakchasini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun ishlatilgan. Sayohat paytida 426S.[10][11]

Boshqa temir yo'llar

Kovalar va Nyuport temir yo'li Uayt orolida 1862 yilda ochilgan birinchi yo'nalish edi.

Ryd bilan aloqa Ryddan ikki mil janubda, Smolbrukda IoWR bilan uchrashgan Ryde va Newport temir yo'llari tomonidan amalga oshirildi. IoWR o'z yo'lida Smallbrook-dan Ryde-ga ikkinchi yo'lni qurdi va R&NR ushbu trekdan va IoWR Ryde stantsiyasidan foydalanib, ijara haqini to'ladi. R&NR 1875 yil 20-dekabrda Nyuport yaqinidagi stantsiyadan transportni ochdi.[7] RNR IoWR-dan o'zlarining liniyalarini va Cowes & Newport Railway-ga tegishli ishlashni so'radi, ammo IoWR aktsiyadorlari taklifni rad etishdi. RNRni CNRda ishlaydigan pudratchi Genri Martin tomonidan qarzga olingan lokomotivlar ishlagan; olti oydan so'ng ikki kompaniyaning qo'shma qo'mitasi o'z temir yo'llarini boshqarishni o'z zimmasiga oldi.[2]

Uayt oroli (Newport Junction) temir yo'li IoWR-da Sandown va Newport o'rtasida chiziq qurdi. Kompaniya Newportga kirishni yakunlashda qiyinchiliklarga duch keldi va 1875 yil 1-fevralda Sandown va Shide o'rtasida ochildi, keyinchalik 1879 yil 1-iyunda Nyuportgacha etib bordi. 1880 yilda bu liniyani Cowes and Newport kompaniyasi sotib oldi.[2]

Orol temir yo'llarini birlashtirish taklif qilingan

Orol temir yo'llari LSWR va LBSCR qo'shma qo'mitasi tomonidan bir birlik sifatida ishlashi kerak degan fikr qo'llab-quvvatlanmoqda. 1875 yil dekabrda Herapath's Railway Journal materik kompaniyalari Uayt orolidagi temir yo'llarni yalpi tushumning 50 foiziga ishlashni taklif qilganligi va bunday yo'nalish barcha manfaatdorlar uchun foydali bo'lishini da'vo qilganligi haqidagi xabarni e'lon qildi. Maykok va Silberining aytishicha: "Ular o'zlarining kompaniyalari allaqachon 50 foizdan kam xarajat qilishini biladigan IoWR aktsiyadorlarisiz hisob-kitob qilishdi va orol temir yo'llari ichida eng foydali bo'lganligi sababli, ushbu turdagi kelishuv boshqa kompaniyalarga ularning hisobiga foyda keltiradi". Ular 47% (86-betda), ammo 1871 yilda 73% va 1880 yilda 50% i keltiradilar.[2]

Rayd Piergacha cho'zilgan

1964 yilda Ryde Esplanadadagi poezd

The1 14 Yay oylarida yo'lovchilar soni Rayd Pierdan IoWR St John's Road stantsiyasigacha bo'lgan milya tramvay yo'lini hayratda qoldirdi va temir yo'l qurilishi bo'yicha ko'plab takliflar bildirildi. Orolda joylashgan mahalliy aholining delegatsiyalari LSWR va LBSCR qo'shma qo'mitasi bilan uchrashuvlarda qatnashdilar va ular Raydda temir yo'lning to'g'ri bo'lishini talab qildilar. Ikkala materik kompaniyalari materikdagi Portsmut bilan qo'shma aloqani tashkil qilishda hamkorlik qildilar va Uayt oroli bilan olib boradigan ishlari Rayddagi yomon aloqa bilan cheklanganligini ko'rdilar, shuning uchun ular bu g'oyaga qo'shilishdi va o'zlari bu aloqani o'rnatishga kelishdilar.[7]

Parlamentning 1877 yildagi sessiyasiga Esplanadadan ancha vaqtgacha tunnelda St John's Road-ga temir yo'l va temir yo'l qurishga vakolat berish to'g'risidagi qonun kiritildi. Materik kompaniyalari o'zlari Sent-Jons Yo'ligacha poezdlarni boshqarishni niyat qilgan; orol kompaniyalari ularni o'sha erdan olib ketishadi. Janubiy G'arbiy va Brayton temir yo'l kompaniyalari (Uayt orollari va Rayd Pier temir yo'li) to'g'risidagi qonun 1877 yil 23-iyulda qabul qilindi.[12][13] Keyinchalik ko'rib chiqilgandan so'ng, IWR va R&NR Pier Head-ga ishlaydigan vakolatlarga ega bo'lishlari va o'zlarining poezdlari orqali harakat qilishlari to'g'risida kelishib olindi; Rydga yoki undan qaytib kelgan yo'lovchiga 3d to'lovni to'laydilar, shu jumladan Sent-Jons yo'li.[12] Qurilish 1878 yil davomida boshlangan va qurilishi ikki yil davom etgan; Sent-Jons yo'li bo'ylab o'tish joyi ko'prik bilan almashtirildi. Rydda muhim go'zallik maskani hisoblangan Esplanade ostidagi yangi chiziqdan o'tishning qiyinligi, chiziqning past bo'sh joy bilan qurilishiga olib keldi (12 fut 3in da); bu keyingi yillarda ba'zi tortish dizaynlarini kiritishni cheklash edi. IoWR poezdlari 1880 yil 5 aprelda Ryde Esplanade stantsiyasiga va 1880 yil 12 iyulda Rayd Pyer Xedga ish boshladi; ot tramvay yo'li faqat iskala uzunligiga xizmat qilish uchun qisqartirildi. Yangi temir yo'lda tovar aylanmasi olib o'tilmadi.[2][7]

Pier dengiz qirg'og'ida to'liq temir yo'l stantsiyasiga ega bo'lgan Buyuk Britaniyada noyob bo'lgan; iskala ustidagi temir yo'l iskala boshidan Esplanadagacha bitta signalizatsiya qismini tashkil qildi.[14]

Ryd Pier bug 'poezdi va elektr tramvay bilan

Besh-oltita paroxod bir vaqtning o'zida iskala yonida turishi mumkin edi.[12] Portsmut porti va Rayd Yunayted bug 'paketli kompaniyasi Portsmut va Rayd o'rtasida paromni boshqargan, ammo 1879 yilda LSWR va LBSCR raqobatdosh xizmatni boshlash uchun har biri 50 ming funt sterling miqdorida pul yig'ish huquqini beruvchi qonunni imzolagan. Aslida parom kompaniyasi o'z biznesini temir yo'l kompaniyalariga sotishga qaror qildi va buni 1880 yilda amalga oshirdi.[2]

Rydda 1880 yilda LSWR / LBSCR qo'shma temir yo'lining ochilishi, hech bo'lmaganda yo'lovchilar u erda Ventnor yoki Nyuportga vagon orqali o'tishlari mumkinligini anglatardi. IoWR temir yo'lning "zararli" oqibatlari uchun St John's Road-dagi mulkiga kompensatsiya talab qildi. St Johns Road-da dam olish xonasi biznesni yo'qotishiga olib keladi, deyishdi ular, masala hakamlik sudiga o'tdi va IoWR 1033 funt sterling bilan taqdirlandi.[2] O'zgarishlar orolga yo'lovchilar tashishda inqilob qildi va Portsmut materikning asosiy kirish nuqtasiga aylandi.

Tramvay trassasi 1886 yilda elektr tortishga o'tkazildi; elektr energiyasi Otto gaz dvigateli va Siemens dinamo tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lib, 1927 yilgacha davom etgan.[7]

Moliyaviy ahvol yaxshilandi

IWRning moliyaviy faoliyati 1880-yillarda yaxshilandi. Kompaniya qo'shimcha lokomotivlar va harakatlanuvchi tarkibga ega bo'ldi; stantsiyalar yaxshilandi va yo'llarni yangilash ishlari olib borildi. Xarajatlarni ularga dividend sifatida tarqatilishi kerak bo'lgan pul deb hisoblagan ba'zi aksiyadorlarning qarshiliklari bor edi.

Oddiy aktsiyalar bo'yicha eng yuqori darajadagi dividend e'lon qilinganiga qaramay, IoWR boshqaruvidan aktsiyadorlarning noroziligi pasayishda davom etdi. 1883 yil 21-fevralda bo'lib o'tgan aktsiyadorlar yig'ilishida bir aktsiyador joriy xarajatlarning juda yuqori ekanligidan, yalpi tushumning 53 foizidan shikoyat qildi. Aslida aktsiyadorlar Buyuk Britaniyadagi temir yo'l kompaniyasi to'laydigan har qanday miqdordagi doimiy dividendni kutishlari mumkin edi, ammo dividendlarni taqsimlash darajasi har xil bo'lgan imtiyozli va qarzdorlik masalalari bilan har xil aktsiyalar sinflari norozilikni keltirib chiqardi. 1889 yilda kompaniya parlamentga kapitalni birlashtirish va qayta tashkil etish to'g'risida qonun loyihasini taqdim etdi: 1890 yil 25-iyulda Qirollik roziligini oldi. Ustav kapitali 402,312 funt sterlingni, qarzlar esa 196,911 funtni tashkil etdi.[2]

Xavfsizlikni yaxshilash

Zamonaviy xavfsizlik moslamalarining yo'qligi 1870 yillarda Buyuk Britaniyaning deyarli barcha temir yo'llari uchun muammo bo'lib qoldi va 1875 yil oktyabrda blokirovka signalizatsiyasini joriy etish taklifi ilgari surildi. Preece's Block Instruments Ryde va Sandown o'rtasida o'rnatildi va 1882 yilda Brading-da yangi signal qutisi foydalanishga topshirildi. Poezdlar xodimlari va chiptalar tizimi hali ham ishlatilgan, ammo 1891 yil aprel oyida Uebb va Tompson elektr poezdlari shtabi bilan sinovlar boshlandi; 1891 yil sentyabrga qadar Rayddan Ventnorgacha bo'lgan barcha liniyalar jihozlandi. Uzluksiz tormoz tizimlari ham endi zarurat bo'lib qoldi va 1892 yil yanvar oyida Kengash Westinghouse havo tormozini taxminiy qiymati 1740 funt sterlingga o'rnatishga qaror qildi.

Shanklindagi reja stantsiyadan poezdlar o'tishi uchun sezilarli darajada o'zgartirildi; ikkinchi yo'lovchi platformasidan foydalanish uchun metro kerak edi.[2]

Yo'lovchilarning harakat jadvali

Ventnorning nogironlar uchun qishki dam olish maskani sifatida mashhurligi 1891 yilning kuzida maxsus poyezdning paydo bo'lishiga olib keldi. LBSCR London Viktoriya stantsiyasidan peshin vaqtida chiqib ketadigan tezyurar poezdni boshqargan. Parom IoWR poezdidan o'tib, soat 15: 15da Rayd Pyer Xeddan jo'nab ketdi va 21 daqiqada Ventnorga to'xtovsiz yugurdi.

1894-1895 yil qishda Ventnorga 12 ta qaytish ishi bo'lib, yozda shanba kunlari 16 ga ko'tarildi.[2]

Bembridj filiali

Brading Harbour yaxshilash kompaniyasi

Brading Harbour Brading qishlog'idan bir necha chaqirim narida joylashgan Bembridjda joylashgan va port yaxshi ish olib borgan. 1874 yil 7-avgustda Brading Harbour-ni takomillashtirish temir yo'l va ishlarni bajarish kompaniyasi o'rtasida to'siq qurish uchun vakolatli aktni oldi. Sent-Xelen va Bembridj, St Helens Mill yaqinidagi kvartallar va portning shimoliy qirg'og'i bo'ylab qisqa IoWR Brading iskala buyumlari filialiga qo'shilish uchun temir yo'l. Ustav kapitali 40 ming funtni tashkil etdi. Shubhasiz, kompaniya naqd pul to'plashni qiyinlashtirdi, chunki kompaniya tez orada House and Land Investment Trust Company Limited kompaniyasiga garovga qo'yildi. Ushbu yo'nalish 1878 yil 29-avgustda tovar aylanmasi uchun ochilgan ko'rinadi, ehtimol faqatgina Brading IoWR va St Helens o'rtasida.

Liman to'sig'ini tugatish, qisman bo'ronlarning shikastlanishi sababli qiyin kechdi va yana bir qonun vaqtni uzaytirish uchun ta'minlanishi kerak edi. Ushbu Qonun shuningdek kompaniyaga Brading Harbor va materik portlari o'rtasida bug 'kemalarini ishlatishga ruxsat berdi. 1881 yil iyungacha BHIR Qabul qiluvchining qo'lida edi. O'sha oy yakshanba maktabiga ekskursiya poezdi mahalliy bolalarni Rydega olib bordi; vaqtinchalik platforma o'rnatildi. Endi jiddiy moliyaviy qiyinchiliklarga duch kelgan BHIR, St Helens va Brading o'rtasidagi tovar xizmati to'xtatilishi haqida xabar berdi; 1881 yilda IoWR tovar poezdlarida ishlashni darhol o'z zimmasiga olganmi yoki yo'qmi, aniq emas.[2]

1882 yil 28-fevraldagi kelishuvga binoan Brading kompaniyasi va IoWR ushbu tizimni o'z tizimining bir qismi sifatida yalpi tushumning 50% miqdorida ishlashini kelishib oldilar. IoWR St Helens va Bembridge nomli ikkita BHIR lokomotividan foydalangan, ammo harakat tarkibini, stantsiyani va texnik xodimlarni o'zi bilan ta'minlagan. 1882 yil 25-mayda polkovnik Yolland BHIR liniyasini, shuningdek Brading shahridagi kengaytirilgan IoWR tutashuv stantsiyasini va Brading Quay-ga IoWR tovar filialini ko'zdan kechirdi. Qilichbozlikka biroz e'tibor berishdan tashqari, u yo'lovchi poezdlariga kirish uchun BHIR liniyasini yaxshi holatda deb topdi; St Helens va Bembridjda stantsiyalar mavjud edi. IoWR liniyasi 43 ta zanjirdan iborat edi; Savdo shoxobchasi shoxobcha uchun platforma va aylanma halqa bilan ta'minlash uchun o'zgartirildi; Brading Quay yaqinida temir yo'l kesishmasi mavjud edi. 1882 yil 27 mayda temir yo'l yo'lovchi tashish uchun ochildi.[2][7] Bembridj stantsiyasida joy etishmasligi sababli, davra aylanishiga kirish uchun sektor plitasi o'rnatildi.[15] Uzunligi 16 fut 5 dyuym bo'lgan, ammo 1936 yilda uning o'rniga 25 fut uzunlikdagi aylanuvchi stol o'rnatilgan edi. O2 sinf dvigatellar.[7]

BHIRning asosiy manfaati portni rivojlantirish va erni qaytarib olish edi, ammo qishloq xo'jaligi erlari qiymatining umumiy pasayishi bu foydani yo'q qildi. 1883 yil aprelda IoWR kengashi foizlarni olishga qaror qildi7 12BHIR uchun Brading stantsiyasini kattalashtirish narxidan%. Materikdan paroxodlar Bembridjga qo'ng'iroq qila boshladilar va garchi bu IoWR ning Ryddagi harakati bilan raqobatlashsa ham, kompaniya ushbu paroxodlar bilan bog'liq holda poezdlarni boshqarishga rozi bo'ldi.[2]

Poyezd paromi

The Shimoliy Britaniya temir yo'li uzoq vaqtdan beri o'tish uchun poezd paromini boshqargan To'rtinchi Firth va Tayning Firthi va 1881 yilda NBRning sobiq bosh menejeri Semyuel L Meyson materik va Uayt oroli o'rtasida Sent-Xelenda poezd paromi g'oyasini ilgari surdi. 1881 yilda Tey o'tishi to'xtab qolgach, Meyson kemalardan birini, yostiqli paroxodni sotib oldi Tashuvchi, shuningdek, 3400 funt sterlingga yaqinlashish panduslari va vint ko'tarish moslamalari. U LBSCR va BHIR bilan Sent-Xelenda va transfer uskunalarini qurish bo'yicha shartnomalar tuzdi Langstone Havant yaqinida.[3-eslatma] 1884 yil 14 fevralda Wight Marine Transit Company Limited kompaniyasi kapitali 30000 funt sterling bilan tashkil etilgan. Transit kompaniyasi shartnomalarni, tashuvchi va qirg'oq uskunalarini 28 425 funt evaziga o'z zimmasiga oldi. Tashuvchi ikkita yo'lda 14 ta vagonni ko'tarishi mumkin edi, ularning har biri maksimal to'rt tonnani tashkil etadi.

Transfer panduslari Sent-Xelen va Langstonda o'rnatildi va xizmatlar 1885 yil 1-sentabrda LBSCR tomonidan ishlatila boshlandi. Amalda Carrier Sharqning ochiq suvlarida ishlashda qiyinchiliklarga duch keldi Solent, ammo LBSCR ushbu korxonani foydali investitsiya ekanligiga ishontirdi va kompaniyani 1886 yilda sotib oldi. Xizmat 1888 yil 31 martda tugaguniga qadar katta zarar bilan ishladi. St Helensdagi jihoz 1900 yilda hurda uchun sotildi.[1][2][7][16]

Brading Harbor kompaniyasi

BHIR uzoq vaqtdan beri qabul qilishda bo'lgan va kapital rekonstruksiya qilish jarayonida u o'z nomini "ga" o'zgartirdi Brading Makoni va temir yo'l kompaniyasi (BHR) 1896 yil 14-avgust qonuni bilan. Biznesning temir yo'l qismi unchalik ta'sir qilmadi, ammo hozirda BHRga tegishli bo'lgan moliya uyi bo'lgan United Realization Company IoWRga temir yo'l va kvartiralarni sotishni taklif qildi. Narx kelishib olindi va 1898 yil 2-avgustdagi Uayt orolida (Brading porti va temir yo'l) qonuni transferga ruxsat berdi.[2]

IoWR qoshidagi Bembridj filiali

IoWR o'z tarmog'ining yomon ahvolini yaxshilash uchun katta miqdorda mablag 'sarflashi kerak edi. Bug 'krani, stantsiyani takomillashtirish va yo'lni keng modernizatsiya qilish ishlari bajariladigan ishlar ro'yxatiga kiritilgan. Keyinchalik ro'yxatga qazish ishlari ham qo'shildi.

Yigirmanchi asrda golf ommabop o'yin-kulgiga aylandi va temir yo'lning yonida bir nechta kurslar tashkil etilib, yo'lovchilarga katta daromad keltirdi.

Bembridj paroxodlari yoz oylarida ishlashni davom ettirdilar, ammo ular moliyaviy jihatdan hech qachon muvaffaqiyatga erishmadilar va avj olishdi Birinchi jahon urushi natijada xizmat yakunlandi. Bembridjdagi iskala 1928 yilda qoralangan va olib tashlangan.[2]

Temir yo'l dvigatellari

Yigirmanchi asrning birinchi yillarida temir yo'l kompaniyalari engil foydalaniladigan yo'nalishlarda yo'lovchilarni tashish uchun arzonroq vositalarni izlashdi. Bitta echim railmotor, birlashtirilgan kichik bug 'dvigateli va yo'lovchi murabbiyi. The Vayt oroli - Markaziy temir yo'l 1906 yil 4 oktyabrda bunday transport vositasini taqdim etdi va u Rydda ishladi. Qo'shimcha yo'lovchilarni yoki yuklarni tashiydigan transport vositalarini etkazib bera olmaslik cheklov edi va IoWCR 1910 yilda transport vositasidan foydalanishni to'xtatdi.[7][8]

Elektrlashtirish bo'yicha takliflar

1908 yil dekabrdan boshlab o'zlarini Elektr temir yo'llari sindikati Orolning temir yo'llarini elektrlashtirishning taxmin qilingan afzalliklarini ta'kidladi. 1,2 million funt evaziga orolning barcha temir yo'llari London Brayton va Janubiy Sohil temir yo'llari shahar atrofi tizimiga o'rnatilgandek yuqori havo uzatish tizimidan foydalanib sotib olinishi va elektrlashtirilishi kerak edi. Elektrlashtirish ishlarining o'zi summaning qariyb to'rtdan bir qismini tashkil qilishi kerak edi. A 4 MW power station would have been provided at Newport. The scheme included a number of line extensions and other improvements which inflated the cost; a frequent passenger service was planned.[8]

The Electric Railways Syndicate did not bring any capital to the scheme; they needed others, including the Local Authorities, to provide that. No one else saw any advantage for the necessary outlay and in the first half of 1910 the scheme was abandoned.[2][5]

Birinchi jahon urushi

Davomida Birinchi jahon urushi the railways were taken under Government control; the owning companies were to be compensated, but in practice the money failed to address the deterioration of the physical assets. In December 1919 the IoWR reverted to its own control, and it was urgently necessary to modernise; the IoWR did not have much cash available for the purpose, and it was not possible to carry out all that was necessary. The Island continued to enjoy an increase in visitor numbers, and the railway benefited but was unable to cary the traffic with the desired level of efficiency; goods traffic had fallen off during the war and continued to fall afterwards, as road transport proved competitive over the short distances on the island.[2]

Guruhlash

The 1921 yilgi temir yo'l to'g'risidagi qonun directed that the main line railways of Great Britain were to be "grouped" into four large companies; yangi Janubiy temir yo'l was to be created, and the London Brighton and South Coast Railway and the London and South Western Railway were to be constituents of it. The Isle of Wight lines were to be absorbed into it. Negotiations began over the terms so far as the IoWR was concerned; they were led by Sir Herbert Walker, General Manager of the LSWR. The IoWR claimed that it would be able to make significant savings in operating costs in the larger group. However it was obvious that radical economies would be necessary, and the IoWR lacked any reserve fund to pay for renewals. In fact the Isle of Wight Railway, in common with some other small lines, was absorbed by the LSWR on 31 December 1922, immediately before the LSWR was itself taken into the SR on the following day. Finally a settlement was agreed in which shareholders would receive Southern Railway dividends at the same rate as they received from the IoWR in 1921. The Directors were voted £3,600 out of IoWR funds as compensation for loss of office.[2]

The Isle of Wight increased in popularity for holidaymakers and the Portsmouth to Ryde ferry route, owned by the Southern Railway, was the main route to the island. The traffic was highly seasonal; in 1929 two million people used the ferry annually.[1] There were 26 trains per day on the line on the busiest summer days in 1929, and this was increased to three per hour in 1930. By 1936 this was again enhanced to 38 trains running throughout, as well as nine between Ryde and Sandown or Shanklin.[7]

The Southern Railway inherited a disparate fleet of eighteen locomotives and rolling stock from the five companies on the island. Early in 1923 two Adams O2 class 0-4-4T locomotives were sent to Eastleigh Works and fitted with Westinghouse brake, and then sent to the Island for working on the Ryde - Ventnor line, for which they were found very suitable. Two more followed the next year. Many of the island passenger coaches were obsolescent; some did not have electric lighting and none had heating. Over the next years 10 to 12 coaches annually were transferred to the Island from the mainland, having been converted to Westinghouse brake operation. On the Ventnor line former London, Chatham va Dover temir yo'li six-wheel coaches were converted to four-wheelers for easier running on the Island's curved track and made up into close coupled four-coach sets.[8]

The Southern Railway implemented a number of improvements to the line as well; the section between Brading and Shanklin was doubled;[4-eslatma] this was brought into use on 23 June 1927.[7][8]

The two single lines of the old IoWR and the IoWCR, ran side by side to Smallbrook, where they diverged. The Southern Railway provided junction points at the point of divergence, which became Smallbrook Junction, and double line working applied from Ryde to that point. In the quieter winter months the signalbox was closed and the signals removed, and the two lines reverted to single line operation. The new junction was commissioned in 1926.[2][8] It was claimed in 1935 that Smallbrook Junction was the busiest single line junction in the country with 12 trains per hour in summer.[7]

Wroxall station was provided with a second platform and passing loop in 1925.[7]

In the late 1920s passenger carryings in the summer increased strongly, and a 20-minute service was planned for the Ventnor line on summer Saturdays; two more O2 locomotives were brought to the Island as well as a further A1X and several ex-LCDR coaches. With some coach conversions this enabled the discontinuation of the use of non-bogie passenger vehicles on the Island.[8]

It was discovered that some of the piles on Ryde Pier required replacement and the Southern Railway took the opportunity to construct a fourth platform there as part of the work, ready for the 1933 season. Meanwhile, the electric traction system used on the pier tramway was discontinued in 1927, and 2 petrol-driven tram units built by Drewry Car Co. The former electric unit trailers were retained and the trams operated as two-car units. The petrol engines were replaced by diesels in 1959 - 1960.[7]

To allow the O2 locomotives to stay in service throughout the day at busy times, a bigger coal bunker was fitted in 1933, doubling the capacity to three tons.[8]

From 1948

At the beginning of 1948 the railways of Great Britain passed into nationalised ownership under British Railways. The holiday traffic soon resumed its buoyant volumes after Ikkinchi jahon urushi, but the railway carryings were far surpassed by the use of buses (3 million and 17 million respectively in 1951).[1]

The Bembridge branch was lightly patronised and was closed on 21 September 1953.[1] The harbour at Bembridge (Brading Harbour) was of course still extant, and a toll road across the harbour mouth continued to be operated by British Railways.[7]

The Vayt oroli - Markaziy temir yo'l had taken over the Ryde and Newport Railway and the Isle of Wight (Newport Junction) Railway in 1887, and it too had been absorbed into the Southern Railway in 1923 and now British Railways. On 6 February 1956 the IoWCR line from Sandown to Newport closed.[2]

The Beeching plan

The railways of Great Britain were incurring large and increasing financial losses in the late 1950s and Government became concerned about the impact on the economy. In 1963 a report was published, Britaniya temir yo'llarini qayta shakllantirish,[17] recommending radical changes. The report has become known as Beeching hisoboti, after the Chairman of British Railways at the time, Dr Richard Beeching.

Many rural branch lines considered to be loss-making were to be closed, in hand with a major reduction in unremunerative wagonload goods traffic and many other changes. All of the lines on the Isle of Wight were planned to be closed, but vigorous local protest secured the retention of the Ryde to Shanklin section of the former Isle of Wight Railway, despite controversy that the TUCC inquiry stated that closing the Ryde to Ventnor line would cause severe hardship but British Rail then suddenly proposed curtailing the line at Shanklin, which was accepted by the Transport vaziri, Barbara qal'asi [18]

The southern extremity, from Shanklin to Ventnor, closed on 18 April 1966.[7][8] Much of the trackbed survives but it has been severed at the Shanklin end and Ventnor station has become an industrial estate.

The former IoWCR line from Smallbrook Junction to Newport closed on 21 February 1966,[2] although goods trains continued to run as required for a while.[8]

On 17 September 1966 regular steam train operation at Ryde Pier Head ceased, the service being temporarily cut back to Esplanade.[8]

Elektrlashtirish

An electric train at Sandown, 2013

Up to this time the island's train services were exclusively steam operated, and thought had been given to how the short residue of the island network would be run. The line was closed between 1 January and 19 March 1967 for completion of third-rail electrification and raising of the track at stations so that platform step heights conformed to the tube stock.

The third rail electrification was at 630v dc, and power was taken from the 33kV public supply through three new substations. Because of the low headroom in the Ryde tunnel, no British Railways electric train stock was suitable, and 43 second hand tube cars were purchased from London Transport. Goods traffic would not be conveyed. 19 of the UCC and MCCW cars dated from 1927 to 1934, 14 Cammell-Laird cars were from 1927 and 10 MCWF cars were from 1925. All were from the Pikdadilli va Shimoliy lines, although some had run on the Shimoliy shahar chizig'i. They were altered to have running rail traction current return instead of fourth rail. They were made up into four-car sets (Motor – trailer – trailer – motor) and three-car sets (control trailer – trailer – motor).[19]

The basic train service was half-hourly, but the peak service was five trains an hour. This frequency was sufficient to handle the pier tramway system's traffic, and that was discontinued from January 1967.[7][8]

Mitchell and Smith remark that at Brading, "the 13 elegant swan-neck gas lamps survive in 1985, controlled by automatic time clocks as the station is no longer staffed. We believe that Ilkley is the only other station on BR to have platforms gas lit."[7]

A new station called Lake was opened in 1987.[5]

Surviving original rolling stock

Seven original IoWR carriage bodies have survived: 4w 4-comp second no. 5-8, built 1864, (not completely known) is preserved on the Vayt orolining bug 'temir yo'li and is currently inside their exhibition shed,[20] awaiting restoration, 4w 3-comp composite no. 10, built 1864, has returned to operational condition on the Vayt orolining bug 'temir yo'li in 2017 as part of Channel 4's 'Great Rail Restorations with Peter Snow',[21] 4w 3-comp first no. 21, built 1864, is awaiting restoration on the Vayt orolining bug 'temir yo'li,[22] 4w second no. 35 built in 1875 is awaiting restoration on the Vayt orolining bug 'temir yo'li,[23] 4w composite no. 38, built 1882, is awaiting restoration on the Vayt orolining bug 'temir yo'li in their exhibition shed [24] and 4w 4-comp second no. 39, built 1882, is also awaiting restoration on the Vayt orolining bug 'temir yo'li.[25] These carriages are considered to be of the greatest significance for the IoWSR's collection, along with other carriages that previously ran on the original Isle of Wight Railway.

Three goods vans, nos. 57, 86 and 87 [26][27][28] on the Isle of Wight Steam Railway. It is also planned that these will be restored. No. 57 is currently inside the IoWSR's exhibition shed.

Many carriages that also ran on the Isle of Wight Railway that were purchased from previous railways also survive on the Isle of Wight Steam Railway; multiple LCDR & LB&SCR, SECR, one MSJAR, etc. Many of these have been returned to service on PMVY underframes.

The body of one of the Isle of Wight Railway's carriages is in use on the island as of January 2017. It was acquired from the North London Railway in December 1897 although it did not arrive until the following year. It is numbered 6336, and runs on the converted underframe of a parcels van.[29]

Bugungi kun

Passenger services on the line between Ryde Pier Head and Shanklin are operated as the Island Line, by Janubiy G'arbiy temir yo'l.

Kelajak

2020 yil 23-may kuni Transport departamenti Shanklin va Ventnor va Rayd va Nyuport o'rtasidagi yo'llarning bir qismini yoki barchasini tiklashni tekshirish uchun ruxsat berilganligini e'lon qildi.[30] Bu "G'oyalar jamg'armasi" doirasida ko'proq o'rganish uchun Buyuk Britaniyada tasdiqlangan o'nta sxemalardan biri edi.

Meros temir yo'li

In 1991 a new station was opened at Smallbrook Junction. It provides a connection with the Vayt orolining bug 'temir yo'li, a meros temir yo'li operating part of the former IoWCR between Smallbrook Junction and Wootton.

Stantsiyalar ro'yxati

IWR Stations & lines shown dark red
Afsona
Chuchuk suv
Yarmut
Yarmouth–Lymington
Cowes-Southampton
Ryde–Portsmouth
Sigirlar
Ryde Pier Head
Ningwood
Rayd Pier
Mill Hill (Cowes)
Rayd Esplanad
Calbourne & Shalfleet
Rayd Pier Tramvay
Medina Wharf
Rayd Sent-Jonning yo'li
Watchingwell
Ryde Works
Cement Mills Halt
Bembridj (1882–1953)
Karisbruk
Sent-Xelen (1882–1953)
Smallbrook Junction
Ashey Quarry
(station opened 1991)
Ashey Racecourse
Brading
Ashey
Havenstreet
Wootton
FYNR poezdlar teskari yo'nalishda
Whipping
Site of Newport
FY&NR station
Newport
Sandown
Medina daryosi
Alverstone
Shide
Newchurch
Qora suv
Horringford
Merstone
Godshill
Lake (opened 1987)
Uitvell
Shanklin
Wroxall (1866–1966)
Sent-Lourens
Ventnor (1866–1966)
Ventnor West
  • Ryde Pier Head; LBSCR/LSWR joint line station; opened 12 July 1880;
  • Ryde Esplanade; LBSCR/LSWR joint line station; opened 5 April 1880;
  • Ryde St Johns Road; opened 23 August 1864;
  • Smallbrook Junction; 21 July 1991; exchange platform for Isle of Wight Steam Railway; no road access;
  • Brading; opened 23 August 1864;
  • Sandown; opened 23 August 1864;
  • Lake; opened 11 May 1987;
  • Shanklin; opened 23 August 1864;
  • Wroxall; 1866 yil noyabrda ochilgan; closed 18 April 1966;
  • Ventnor; opened 10 September 1866; closed 18 April 1966.
  • Bembridge; opened 27 May 1882; closed 21 September 1953;
  • St Helens; opened 27 May 1882; closed 21 September 1953;
  • Brading; yuqorida.[31]

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

  1. ^ This terminology is used by Maycock and Silbury prior to authorisation.
  2. ^ In the year £28,000 had been spent on promotion of Parliamentary bills, £40,000 on land acquisition, and construction costs exceeded £157,000. These charges were capital expenditure, but may have been improperly charged to revenue account.
  3. ^ Langstone is the spelling of the location; the railway station on the Hayling Island branch line was named Langston.
  4. ^ White refers to this on page 151 as the Bembridj to Shanklin section.

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ a b v d e f g h H P oq, A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: volume 2: Southern England, Phoenix House Limited, London, 1961
  2. ^ a b v d e f g h men j k l m n o p q r s t siz v w x y z aa ab ak reklama ae af ag R J Maycock and R Silbury, Vayt orolidagi temir yo'l, Oakwood Press, Usk, 1999, ISBN  0 85361 544 6
  3. ^ a b v E F Karter, Britaniya orollari temir yo'llarining tarixiy geografiyasi, Kassel, London, 1959 yil
  4. ^ Bradshaw's Railway Manual Shareholders' Guide and Directory, 1869, page 148
  5. ^ a b v Richard C Long, Isle of Wight Railways—A New History, Ian Allan Publishing, Hersham, 2015, ISBN  978 0 7110 3816 5
  6. ^ Report of Committee of Shareholders of the Isle of Wight Railway, quoted in Long, from a newspaper report of 1 September 1866
  7. ^ a b v d e f g h men j k l m n o p q r Vik Mitchell va Keyt Smit, South Coast Railways--Ryde to Ventnor, Middleton Press, Midhurst, 1987, ISBN  0 906520 19 3
  8. ^ a b v d e f g h men j k l P C Allen and A B MacLeod, Vayt orolidagi relslar, second edition, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1986, ISBN  0 7153 87014
  9. ^ Maykok, R.J .; Reed, M.J.E. (1997). Isle of Wight Steam Passenger Rolling Stock. Headington: Oakwood Press. 28-29 betlar. ISBN  0-85361-507-1. OCLC  38474127. X59.
  10. ^ Bixley, G.; Blackburn, A.; Chorley, R.; King, Mike (September 2003) [1985]. An Illustrated History of Southern Wagons, volume two: LBSCR and Minor Companies. Hersham: Oxford Publishing Co. pp. 74, 79–81, 93, 104–6. ISBN  0-86093-220-6. 0309/3.
  11. ^ Kidner, Roger W.; Gould, David (1993) [1980]. Service Stock of the Southern Railway. Headington: Oakwood Press. pp. 92, 100, 119. ISBN  0-85361-429-6. X51.
  12. ^ a b v R A Uilyams, The London & South Western Railway: volume 2: Growth and Consolidation, Devid va Charlz, Nyuton Abbot, 1973, ISBN  0 7153 5940 1
  13. ^ J T Howard Turner, The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway: volume 3: Completion and Maturity, B T Batsford Limited, London, 1979 yil, ISBN  0 7134 1389 1
  14. ^ H M Alderman, The Railways of the Isle of Wight, in the Railway Magazine, July 1914
  15. ^ Vik Mitchell va Keyt Smit, Isle of Wight Lines: 50 Years of Change, Midlston Press, Midxest, 1998 yil, ISBN  1 901706 12 5
  16. ^ S Jordan, London, Brayton va Janubiy Sohil temir yo'lining parom xizmatlari, Oakwood Press, Usk, 1998, ISBN  0-85361-521-7
  17. ^ The Reshaping of British Railways; Part 1: Report, published by the British Railways Board, London, 1963
  18. ^ Burroughs, R.E. (1968). The Great Isle of Wight Train Robbery. London: The Railway Invigoration Society.
  19. ^ J. C. Gillham, The Age of the Electric Train, Ian Allan Publishing, Shepperton, 1988, ISBN  0 7110 1392 6
  20. ^ [1][o'lik havola ]
  21. ^ [2][o'lik havola ]
  22. ^ [3][o'lik havola ]
  23. ^ [4][o'lik havola ]
  24. ^ [5][o'lik havola ]
  25. ^ [6][o'lik havola ]
  26. ^ "IoWR 59 (body only) Goods Van". www.ws.rhrp.org.uk.
  27. ^ "IoWR 86 (body only) Goods Van". www.ws.rhrp.org.uk.
  28. ^ "IoWR 87 (body only) Goods Van". www.ws.rhrp.org.uk.
  29. ^ [7][o'lik havola ]
  30. ^ https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/re-opening-beeching-era-lines-and-stations/re-opening-beeching-era-lines-and-stations#successful-bids-for-the- g'oyalar-fondning birinchi davri
  31. ^ M E tez, Angliya Shotlandiya va Uelsdagi temir yo'l yo'lovchi stantsiyalari - xronologiya, Temir yo'l va kanal tarixiy jamiyati, 2002 yil