Jeffri ko'chasi - Jeffrey Street

Jeffreys ko'chasi

Jeffri ko'chasi

Yangi Janubiy Uels
map of Sydney showing Kirribilli and Jeffrey Street location
Jeffri ko'chasi, Kirribilli NSW
Koordinatalar
Umumiy ma'lumot
TuriKo'cha
ManzilKirribilli
Uzunlik300 m (1000 fut)
TarixTabiatni muhofaza qilish zonasi
Asosiy birikmalar
Kiribilli, Fitzroy ko'chasi
Kirribilli shoh ko'chasi
Manzil (lar)
LGA (lar)Shimoliy Sidney kengashi
Asosiy shahar atrofiKirribilli
Cheklovlar
UmumiyKatta tadbirlar uchun transport va to'xtash joylari

Jeffri ko'chasi yoki Jeffreys ko'chasi joylashgan ko'cha Kirribilli, shahar siluetining ko'rinishi uchun eng mashhur nuqtalardan biri bo'lganligi bilan mashhur Sidney, Sidney Makoni ko'prigi va Sidney opera teatri. Ko'cha Quyi qismida joylashgan Shimoliy qirg'oq ning Sidney porti, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri port bo'ylab Dumaloq kvay va, ayniqsa, sayyohlar uchun mashhur joy Avstraliya kuni va Yangi Yil kechasi. Ko'cha portdan tepaga, shimol tomonga qarab, kichik savdo qishlog'iga olib boradi Kirribilli.[1]Ko'p yillar davomida bu hudud Shimoliy qirg'oq deb nomlangan va dastlabki er granti bir necha bor o'zgargan. So'nggi 200 yil ichida bu hudud Huntershill deb ham nomlangan, Sent-Leonards, Shimoliy Sidney, "Kiarabilli", Milsons-Point va "Kirribilli Point". Zamonaviy imlo Kirribilli birinchi bo'lib 1853 yilda ishlatilgan va undan foydalanish Kirribilli mahalliy sifatida yaqinda.

Ko'chada 19 ta meros ob'ekti mavjud, bu Avstraliyada ro'yxatga olingan meros xususiyatlarining eng yuqori kontsentratsiyasidan biridir.[2][nb 1] Ko'chaning sharqiy qismidagi asl inshootlardan bittasidan tashqari barchasi buzib tashlangan, faqat "Wyalla" qolgan. Ammo Jeffri ko'chasining g'arbiy tomoni diqqatga sazovordir, chunki u 100 yildan ortiq vaqt davomida deyarli o'zgarishsiz qolgan 17 ta terasta uylarini o'z ichiga oladi. Bu Sidneyning Shimoliy qirg'og'ida qolgan eng uzun qator va Avstraliyada ikkinchi eng uzun qator. Sidney bandargohi ko'prigiga yaqinlashish uchun ushbu hududdagi boshqa terasli uylarning aksariyati buzib tashlandi.[3]

Shimoliy Sidney kengashi ko'chaning "Jeffreys" deb yozilishini ma'qullaydi, chunki bu 19-asr mahalliy er egasining familiyasini to'g'ri ko'rsatgan, Artur Jeffreys. Biroq, a Tomas Jeffri u shuningdek taniqli Kirribilli aholisi bo'lgan va Wharf uning nomini olgan. Bundan tashqari, ba'zi yozuvlar a John Jeffreys erta yashagan. Deyarli barcha tarixiy ma'lumotnomalar Jeffri ko'chasiga tegishli, shuning uchun ko'cha nomining isbotlanishi yoki chiqarilishi noaniq.

2011 yil 16 dekabrda NSW Rejalashtirish va infratuzilma vaziri ga tuzatish kiritilgan Shimoliy Sidney kengashi Mahalliy atrof-muhit rejasi (47-tuzatish) "deb nomlangan merosni saqlash zonasini tashkil etdi Jeffreys ko'chasini muhofaza qilish zonasi.[4][5]

Dunyoga mashhur ko'rinish va olomon

Sydney Harbour Bridge with the Jeffrey Street wharf visible on the right of the photo
Kirribilli shahridan Panorama, o'ng tomonda Jefri ko'chasi iskala bilan
Picture of the city of Sydney taken from across the harbour at Jeffrey Street
Sidneyning kechqurun Jeffri ko'chasidan ko'rinishi
Picture of Sydney Harbour taken from Jeffrey Street showing the harbour, city and Sydney Harbour Bridge
Jefri (lar) ko'chasidan dunyoga mashhur ko'rinish Sidney porti, Sidney Makoni ko'prigi va Sidney opera teatri

Jefri ko'chasidan ko'rinish aksariyat avstraliyaliklarga ma'lum; haqiqatan ham, bu xalqaro miqyosda yaxshi ma'lum. Avstraliya milliy televizion stantsiyasi Jeffri ko'chasidan deyarli har kuni kameraning joylashuvi yoki kechki yangiliklar byulletenlari fonida foydalanadi. Shunday qilib, Jeffri ko'chasidan ko'rinish millionlab odamlar uchun bir zumda tanib olindi. Jefri ko'chasi darhol shaharning port tomonida joylashganligi sababli, Sidneyda joylashgan ko'plab professional fotosuratchilar shaharning ko'chadan olingan fotosuratlarini namoyish etadilar.[6]

Jeffri ko'chasiga tutashgan tomoshalar sayyohlarning eng sevimli joylari hisoblanadi. Portdagi tantanalarni tomosha qilish uchun bu erga tez-tez yig'iladigan olomonning soni endi kuchli politsiya va xavfsizlik kuchlarini talab qilmoqda.[7]Jeffri ko'chasi, shuningdek, to'y va to'y fotosuratlari uchun taniqli joy. Ted Mak, o'shanda mustaqil deputat va ilgari Shimoliy Sidney meri bo'lib, bu Sidneydagi eng muhim joylardan biri ekanligini aytgan.[8]

Jeffri yoki Jeffreys ko'chasi tarixi, Kirribilli

Evropadan oldingi tarix

Aborigenlar qabilasi "Kammeraygal "Kirribilli va Milson's Point hududida yashagan.[9]Hudud unumdor baliq ovi maydoni bo'lgan va "Kirribilli" nomi bu Mahalliy "yaxshi baliq ovlash joyi" so'zi.

Dastlabki Evropa tarixi

Samuel Lightfoot

Kirribilli tarixining boshlarida joylashtirilgan koloniya. "Shimoliy qirg'oqda" er berilgan birinchi yozuvlardan biri 30 gektar (120000 m) bo'lgan2) 1794 yil 20-fevralda "Sidney Kovi qarshisidagi Port Jekson portining shimoliy tomonida" [10] a mahkum, Hukm muddati tugagan Semyuel Laytfoot.[11][nb 2][12][13]

Lightfoot taxminan 1763 yilda tug'ilgan va yigirma yoshlar atrofida bo'lib, Avstraliyaga kiyim o'g'irlash uchun etti yilga ko'chirilgan. U bilan keldi Birinchi flot 1788 yilda Sharlotta.[14][15][16] Mustamlaka kotibi (NSW State Records) 1800 yilda Muirga oraliq sotish haqida hech qanday ma'lumot bermasdan, er berilishi bekor qilingan va Robert Rayanga berilganligini yozadi.[10]

Jazoni o'tab bo'lganidan so'ng, Lightfoot Kirribilli shahrida uzoq vaqt turmadi. U jazo muddati tugaganidan ko'p o'tmay Angliyaga qaytib keldi va xotini bilan qaytib kelishga ruxsat berishni iltimos qildi, ammo u suzib ketmaganga o'xshaydi. Keyinchalik Lightfoot Avstraliyaga qaytib keldi HMSKalkutta da erkin turar-joy sifatida, da hisob-kitobni amalga oshirishda qatnashadi Port-Fillip, zamonaviy shahar yaqinida Melburn. Qarorgoh tark etilganda, Lightfoot sayohat qildi Okean Port-Fillipdan, etib kelgan Tasmaniya 1804 yilda. Leytenant-gubernator Devid Kollinz keyinchalik kasalxonaning Lightfoot noziri etib tayinlandi Xobart shahri. Lightfoot 1818 yilda 65 yoshida vafot etdi.[17][18]

Kirribilli shahrida Lightfoot vaqtlari haqida boshqa hech qanday ma'lumot yo'q.[nb 3] Shuningdek, yer berilishining aniq joyi ham ma'lum emas. Grantning hajmi 30 akr (120 000 m.)2) Kirribilli maydonining taxminan to'rtdan biriga to'g'ri keladi yarim orol ammo dastlabki xaritalardagi chegaralar ushbu o'lchamdagi grantga mos kelmaydi. Jeffri ko'chasining maydoni, ehtimol, unumdor bo'lib, eng jozibali maydon (qishloq xo'jaligi nuqtai nazaridan) bo'lgan allyuvial Jeffri ko'chasidagi hozirgi iskala yaqinidagi kichik plyajga olib boradigan joy. Keyinchalik Tomas Muir va Jeyms Milson ushbu umumiy atrofda dehqonchilik qildilar, ammo ularning fermer xo'jaliklarida Lightfoot granti maydoni bor-yo'qligi noaniq.

Profile of Thomas Muir taken from a bust circa 1793
Tomas Muir 1793 yil

Tomas Muir

Huntershilllik Tomas Muir, Shotlandiya shahidlari diniy buzg'unchilikda ayblanib, 1794 yilda Lightfoot grantini olgan, o'sha yili u kelgan yili koloniya.[11][19] Muir maktublarda "kichik kulba va bir necha gektar er" sotib olganligini ta'kidlagan va hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra bu er Jeffri ko'chasining bevosita atrofida joylashgan.

Muirning hayoti bir nechta kitoblarda yaxshi yozilgan, ammo Sidney-Harborning shimoliy qirg'og'idagi uyi haqida kam ma'lumot mavjud. Hisoblar har xil:

  • Ko'pgina hisob-kitoblarda kulba dastlabki manzilgohga "ko'rfazning teskari tomonida" bo'lganligi ko'rsatilgan.[20][21][22][23]
  • Zamonaviy manbada uning kulbasi joylashganligi aytilgan Milsons-Point, bu Jeffri ko'chasiga juda yaqin.[24]
  • Suv bo'ylab kichik ferma.[20]

Zamonaviy hisobotning eng tavsifli bayonotida "... hozirgi shimoliy port ko'prigi ustunining sharqiy tomoniga yaqin joylashgan ko'rfaz. Plyajdan tashqaridagi tor allyuvial tekislikda kichik kulba bor edi va Muir atrofiga yaqin joyda uning bog'lari bo'lishi kerak edi. . *** " [20][nb 4]

Ba'zi manbalar Muir yerni noqonuniy ravishda sotib olgan deb da'vo qilmoqda.[11] Ayblovning sababi shundaki, mustamlaka kotibining yozuvlarida oldi-sotdi bitimi to'g'risida yozuv yo'q; yozuvlar shunchaki er maydoni Lightfoot-dan Rayanga o'tganligini ta'kidlaydi.[10] Biroq, ehtimol huquqshunoslikda o'qigan Muir Edinburg universiteti va 1787 yilda 22 yoshida advokatlik imtihonlaridan o'tgan, erni sotish bo'yicha xususiy shartnoma tuzgan. Agar shunday bo'lsa, bu Avstraliyada mulkni sotish bo'yicha birinchi shartnomalardan biri bo'lgan.[25][26]

Muir ushbu hududda vaqti-vaqti bilan yashaganligi qayd etilgan. Shuningdek, uning Sidney Kovdagi uyi bor edi. 1794 yilda u Londondagi do'stiga xat yozib, ikkita uyi borligini aytdi, bittasi bu erda (Sidney Kovi) va " yana ikki mil uzoqlikda, men sotib olgan suv bo'yidagi fermer xo'jaligida".

Janob Muir hukm qilingan sanada Yangi Janubiy Uels mustamlakasi (hozir juda katta oqibatlarga olib kelgan) faqat boshlang'ich bosqichida edi va bir nechta jasur navigatorlar bundan mustasno. Bu mamlakatdan mahkumlarni birinchi jo'natish 1785 yilda amalga oshirilgan edi. Va janob Muir unga etib kelganida, to'qqiz yil o'tgach, unda deyarli 1500 kishi bor edi. U o'z qo'llari bilan sotib olgan va shu paytgacha tabiiy vahshiylikda bo'lgan erni obod qilish va etishtirish uchun mehnat qildi; va Shotlandiyadagi oilaviy to'lqinini va mulkini yodga olib, uni Huntershill deb atadi va shu nom bilan hali ham ma'lum bo'lishiga umid qilamiz.

McKenzie, Peter (1792). Tomas Muirning hayoti, esk., Yoshroq, Huntershill. W.R.McPhun.[22]

Muir bu hududni "Huntershill" deb atadi (zamonaviy shahar atrofi bilan adashtirmaslik kerak "Hunters Hill "Harfni yuqoriga ko'tarish). Imlo bitta so'z sifatida bir qator dastlabki xaritalarda va kitoblarda uchraydi.

Muir 1796 yilda Amerikaning kemasiga o'tirib, Avstraliyadan qochib qutulgan Otter. Uning koloniyadan qochib qutulishi haqida yaxshi ma'lumotlar bir nechta kitoblarda va Per Fransua Peron xronikali Otter's Tinch okeani bo'ylab sayohat.[27][28][29] Muir qochib qutulgandan so'ng, hukumat er ajratishni qaytarib oldi va er hukumatga qaytarildi.[11] Muir vafot etdi Frantsiya ikki yildan keyin.[30]

Robert Rayan

1850-yillarning xaritasi 1850-yillarga tegishli, ammo ilgari berilgan er grantlariga ishora qiladi. Taglavha o'qiladi "1963 yil 8 mayda Shimoliy Shore Taymsda chop etilgan dastlabki xarita, 1860 yilda e'lon qilingan Sent-Leonard Sharq munitsipalitetining chegarasini aks ettiradi." Asl xaritaga ilgari Xulk ko'rfazi deb nomlangan "Lavanda ko'rfazi" va "Milsons Point" so'zlari qo'shilgan. Ranglar ham qo'shildi. Sariq rangda ta'kidlanganidek, Robert Rayanga 1800 yilda 120 gektarlik grant ajratilgan bo'lib, u 1806 yillarda Robert Kempbell tomonidan sotib olingan; xira ko'k rangda 1824 yil avgustda Jeyms Milsonga 50 akrlik grant; yashil rangda xaritada Jeyms Milson hali ham 1840-yillarda Robert Kempbelldan ijaraga olgan (1820-yillarda u butun 120 akrni ijaraga olgan) bog 'uchun belgilangan taxminan manzil; pushti rangda esa 1840 yillarda Robert Kempbelldan ijaraga olingan F.J.Hilining fermasi uchun xaritada belgilangan taxminiy pozitsiya mavjud. East Saint Leonards munitsipalitetining chegarasi qizil rang bilan belgilangan.

Robert Rayan (? -?) Birinchi flotda Irlandiyalik dengiz (xususiy - qirollik dengiz piyodalari 32-chi (Portsmut) kompaniyasi) bo'lib, bortdagi mahkumlarni qo'riqlash uchun tayinlangan. Uels shahzodasi, 334 tonnalik transport. Rayan 1760 yilda tug'ilgan Frensis Uilyams bilan munosabatlarni o'rnatdi Uels. Uilyams birinchi marta 1783 yilda Mold Uelsda 1 funt 17 shilling va 5 penentga baholangan kiyim-kechak va matolarni o'g'irlashda ayblanib sudlarda paydo bo'lgan. Frensis aybdor deb topilib, o'limga mahkum etildi. Keyinchalik hukm 7 yilga almashtirildi transport. Frensis Rayan bilan uchrashdi Uels shahzodasi Avstraliyaga safarda (deyarli to'qqiz oylik sayohat).[31][32]Qarorgoh tashkil etilganidan ko'p o'tmay Port Jekson Frensis Soradan qiz tug'di. Ma'lumki, 1790 yil boshida Sidney Kovidagi yaqinlashib kelayotgan ochlik transport mahkumlar va dengiz piyodalari Norfolk oroli. Uilyams va Rayan 1790 yil mart oyida bortda Norfolk oroliga kelishdi HMSSirius.[32]

1792 yil yanvarda Robert Rayan kasalxonadan bo'shatildi Yangi Janubiy Uels dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari va 60 gektarlik (240 000 m) er granti2) Pitt Vodiysi vodiysida, Queenborough Norfolk orolida joylashgan. Frensis Uilyams 1793 yil avgustda qizi Jeynni dunyoga keltirdi. Ba'zi manbalarda mahkum Jon Kropperning otasi deb taxmin qilinmoqda.[33]1794 yilda jabrlanganlar ro'yxati Norfolk oroli Frensis Uilyams va 2 nafar bola Robert Rayan tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanmoqda. Keyinchalik 1794 yilda Robert Rayan erni tashlab, Sidneyga qaytdi. U ro'yxatga olindi NSW korpusi, keyinchalik askarlar kontingenti bilan Norfolk oroliga qaytib keldi.[32] 1796 yil dekabrda o'g'il Jeyms tug'ildi. Otaning ismi berilmagan. Robert Rayan orolni tark etganidan keyin Norfolk orolining jamoati bolalarga g'amxo'rlik qilgani qayd etilgan. Oxir-oqibat bolalar ko'chib ketishdi Tasmaniya.[32]

1800 yilda Sidneyga qaytib, 30 gektar (12 gektar) Lightfoot Granti bekor qilindi va Rayanga dengiz piyoda va NSW korpusidagi xizmati uchun 120 gektarlik (48,5 gektar) grantga qo'shildi. Tegishli er uchastkalari reestridagi yozuv Bekor qilindi va Robert Haydar Hunter tomonidan ushbu ajratmalarga qo'shimcha ravishda 90 gektar maydon uchun Robert Rayanga berilgan yangi grant. Uchinchi ro'yxatga, 37-folga qarang. [11][12][34] Ushbu grant hozirgi Jefri ko'chasi atrofini o'rab oldi va keyinchalik xaritalarga murojaat qildi.

Ma'lum bo'lishicha, Rayan fermerlik haqida hech narsa bilmagan, shuning uchun er sotilgan Robert Kempbell taxminan 1806 yilda.[30] Boshqa ishonchli hisob-kitoblarda er sotilganligi ko'rsatilgan Charlz Grimes, keyinchalik Kempbellga tezda sotiladigan Surveyer General.[35]

Charlz Grimes

Rayandan erni sotish tafsilotlari Charlz Grimes, NSW Surveyor General noma'lum.

Biroq Grimes agentlik vazifasini bajaruvchi Jon Palmerga nisbatan tezroq erlarni sotgani ma'lum Robert Kempbell taxminan 1806 yilda. Hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra, Kempbell er uchastkasini aniqlagan va Angliyaga jo'nab ketishdan oldin agentidan uni sotib olishni so'ragan. U qaytib kelganida bitim tugagan edi.[35]

Qurilish maydoniga Kirribilli yarim orolining barchasi kirgan. U Lavender ko'rfazidan va Careening ko'rfazidagi barcha erlarni o'z ichiga olgan bo'lib, shimoliy chegarasi bugun Willoughby Road yuradigan joy. Kirribilli punkti, Admiralty House, Sidney, Milsons-Point va Luna Park, Sidney barchasi uning chegaralarida edi. Milson punktidan ichkariga taxminan 600 yard masofada yugurdi. Kempbellning er uchastkasiga bo'lgan asosiy qiziqishi Careening ko'rfazining yumshoq qirg'oqlari edi. Sidney portida kemasozlik uchun mos yumshoq qirg'oqlar bo'lgan joylar nisbatan kam.[35]

Photo of a painting of Robert Campbell, photo held by the National Library of Australia
Robert Kempbell (1769–1846), noma'lum rassom tomonidan[36]

Robert Kempbell

Asosiy maqola: Robert Kempbell (1769–1846)

Robert Kempbell (1769–1846) Xalq orasida "iskandar Robert Kempbell" nomi bilan tanilgan, savdogar, pastoralist, siyosatchi va xayriyachi 1769 yil 28 aprelda tug'ilgan Grinok, Shotlandiya. Bir oz foydasiz tijorat tajribasidan so'ng Grinok, 27 yoshida Robert bordi Hindiston sherigi bo'lgan akasi Jonga qo'shilish uchun Kalkutta 1790 yilda tashkil etilgan Campbell Clarke & Co agentligi uyi. 1798 yil yanvarida, u kelganidan bir necha oy o'tgach, Robert sheriklikka qabul qilindi va 1799 yil iyulda Klarkemp Campbell & Co.ga aylangan firma bilan qiziqishdan voz kechdi. 1796 yil Kempbell Klark va Co o'zlarining birinchi yuklarini Yangi Janubiy Uelsga jo'natdilar Sidney-Kov vayron bo'lgan Saqlash oroli yilda Bass Boğazı 1797 yil fevralda. Robert Kempbell birinchi bo'lib kompaniyaning kemasida Sidneyga suzib ketdi Ovchi 1798 yilda.[37]

Kempbell birinchi tovar partiyasini buning evaziga harbiy ofitserlar sindikatiga sotishga majbur bo'ldi Paymasterning veksellari Londonda chizilgan. Tashabbuskor Kempbell bilan bahslashishga muvaffaq bo'ldi Hokim Hunter savdo-sotiq imkoniyatlari to'g'risida. Kempbell gubernator buzishni istayotganini aniqladi Yangi Janubiy Uels korpusi ofitserning foyda keltiruvchi monopoliyasi. Kempbell Hindistonga qaytib keldi Barvell 1798 yil avgustda.[38]

Kempbell Sidneyga boshqa yuk bilan qaytib keldi Ovchi 1800 yil fevralda. Gubernatorning ruxsati bilan u 1798 yilda sotib olingan erlarda yashaydi Deyvs Poynt, u erda omborlar va xususiy iskala qurishni boshlagan. Kempbellning o'zini Sidneyda rezident savdogar sifatida ko'rsatishga ruxsat so'rashi, hech qachon Buyuk Britaniya hukumati tomonidan e'lon qilinmagan bo'lsa-da, Kempbell va Co tez orada 1804 yilgacha Sidney omborlarida 50 ming funt sterlingga teng tovarlarga ega bo'lgan Avstraliya savdosi bilan shug'ullangan.[38]

First known map of Kirribilli, a subdivision map by Robert Campbell detail showing the Jeffrey Street area
Kirribilli shahridagi Jeffri ko'chasi hududining 1840-yillari xaritasi, Kempbell Milsonga Milson's Orchard & Dairy uchun ijaraga bergan erlar haqida. Xaritada ko'rsatilgan yozgi uy Jeffri ko'chasining janubiy uchiga yaqin joylashgan.[39]

1805 yil yanvarda Kempbell Angliyaga qaytib keldi va Londonda taniqli sud ishida qatnashdi, bu monopoliyaning buzilishiga olib keldi. British East India kompaniyasi. Angliyaga ketishdan oldin Kempbell yaqinlashgan edi Filipp Gidli King Sidneyda 136 tonna og'irlikdagi kema qurish rejasi bilan va qurilishi rejalashtirilgan tersananing joyini aniqlagan Kirribilli. Uning agenti Jon Palmer bu erni Kempbell Angliyada bo'lganida sotib olgan Charlz Grimes, General Surveyor. Qurilish maydoniga Kirribilli yarim orolining barchasi kirgan.[35]

Kempbell Londonda bo'lganida, u kemalar qurilishini o'rgangan va u bilan birga Sidneyga qaytib, yangi kemasozlik zavodida ishlash uchun bir qator savdogarlar va ustalarni jalb qilgan. Uning yo'qligida er bo'shatildi va yog'och tayyor holda Kempbellning vorfida saqlandi.[35]

Kempbell koloniyaga qaytib keldi Albion Jeyms Milson bilan birgalikda 1806 yil avgustda.[38]Bu vaqtga kelib Robert Kempbell koloniyadagi mollarning eng yirik xususiy egasi va NSWning eng boy odamlaridan biri edi.[11] Kempbell hech qachon Kirribilli shahridagi erlarni egallamagan. Biroq Kempbell 1807 yilda Avstraliyaning birinchi kema qurish maydonchalarini hozirda joylashgan joyda qurdi Qirollik Sidney yaxtasi eskadrilyasi, Kirribilli sharqiy qismida. Kempbell yashagan Deyvs Poynt, 1810 yilga kelib u yana bir iskala qo'shib qo'ydi va uning uyi 'ustunlar va ikkita jabhada oqlangan tarzda tugatilgan' deb ta'riflandi.

Robert Kempbell mulk 1840-yillarning xaritasini foydalanishga topshirdi [39] da bo'lib o'tdi Avstraliya milliy kutubxonasi uning nomini olgan. Xaritada Kirribilli hududi ikkiga bo'lingan holda ko'rsatilgan bo'linmalar. Ushbu xaritada taklif qilingan ba'zi bo'linmalar mavjud bo'lib, ularni zamonaviy xaritalar bilan taqqoslash mumkin.[35]

Kempbell murakkab irodani qoldirdi. Oxir oqibat o'g'illarning har biri mulkning oltidan bir qismini oldi, ikkala qizning aktsiyalari esa 1880 yillarga qadar Jeffreys oilasiga o'tdi. Jeffreys ko'chasining g'arbiy tomoni kenja o'g'li Jorj Kempbellga qoldirildi. U shuningdek egasiga aylandi Duntroon. Jeffreys ko'chasining sharq tomoni katta o'g'illari Jon va Robert Kempbelllarga qoldirildi. Ular shuningdek, Sidneydagi iskala va Campbell & Co kompaniyalarining egalariga aylanishdi. Artur Jeffreys darhol Jeffreys ko'chasining shimolida, Fitzroy ko'chasining shimoliy qismida, quruqlik blokida qoldirildi.[35]

Newspaper article on the quarantine of the convict ship Surry in 1814
Mahkum etilgan kemaning karantini Shoshiling Shimoliy qirg'oqda

Surri sudlangan kema karantini

Asosiy maqola: Surri (1811 kema)

1814 yilda Shoshiling 25 erkak tomonidan qo'riqlanadigan 200 nafar erkak mahkumni Avstraliyaga etkazdi 46-polk. Angliyadan chiqish paytida xavfli isitma (tifo isitmasi ) bortda g'azablangan va jami 42 kishi 1814 yil 27-iyulda Port Jeksonga langar tashlamasdan vafot etgan. Ushbu 42 kishidan[40] erkaklar: 36 kishi sudlanganlar (1814 yil 10-sentyabrdagi Sidney gazetasida ismlari va o'lim sanalari ko'rsatilgan)[41]), 2 nafari kema ekipajidan, 2 nafari 46-polkning askarlari, 1 nafari birinchi (bosh) Mate edi va kema langar otishidan sal oldin kema ustasi (kapitan) ham vafot etdi.[42]

"Yuqumli tabiatning xavfli isitmasi" ni keltirib chiqardi Shoshiling joylashtirilmoqda karantin "Shimoliy qirg'oqda".[40] Mahkumlar qo'ndirilib, hozirgi Kirribilli shahridagi Jeffri ko'chasi yaqinida lager tashkil etildi. 1814 yil 13-avgustda kema uchun karantin cheklovlari olib tashlandi, ammo lagerdagi cheklovlar uzoqroq davom etdi.[43]

Shunday qilib, Jeffri ko'chasining maydoni Avstraliyada karantin maqsadida ishlatilgan birinchi sayt bo'ldi.[44]Ba'zi manbalarda Shimoliy Xed Avstraliyada karantin maqsadida ishlatilgan birinchi sayt bo'lganligi noto'g'ri ko'rsatilgan Bussora savdogari 1828 yilda Sidneyning Spring-Kov shahrida hibsga olingan. Ammo bu faqat 10 yil o'tib sodir bo'lgan.[45]

1840 yillarning xaritasida Jefri ko'chasi (yuqoriga qarang) tifo qurbonlari bo'lgan 3 kishining qabrlari "Belgilangan joy uchtasi Shoshiling'ekipaj aralashdi ".[39] Ushbu qabrlar Shimoliy sohilda birinchi dafn qilingan joy deb aytilgan.[30][46] Dafn etilganlardan biri tifo qurbonlariga tashrif buyurgan kema jarrohligi ekanligi ma'lum. 1925-26 yillarda Sidney Makoni ko'prigi qurish uchun uylar buzilayotganda, qabr toshlari hozirgi Bredfild bog'idagi (bu qabrlar joylashgan joydan taxminan 50 metr g'arbda joylashgan) uylarda toshxonalar sifatida ishlatilgan. erta xarita), va jarroh qabristonini o'z ichiga olgan.[30][47]

Kema langarga tushishidan oldin 42 ta o'lim, bundan tashqari 3 ta qabr qurbonlar sonini 45 kishiga etkazadi (3 ta qabr hammasi kemaning langaridan keyin sodir bo'lgan o'limlar uchun). Bateson, karantin bekor qilinishidan oldin jami 51 ta o'lim bo'lganligini ta'kidlaydi va qo'shimcha 9 ta o'limni 2-chi Mate, boatswain, qo'shimcha 4 dengizchi, qo'shimcha 2 askar va jarroh sifatida qayd etadi.[48]

Tomas Reyn bortda kichik ofitser bo'lgan Shoshiling. Tifus epidemiyasi uni tirik qolgan yagona zobit qoldirdi. Keyinchalik u unga keyingi uchta sayohatga (1816, 1819, 1823) buyurdi.[49]

Reynning nabirasi Tom Reyn asos solgan Reyn va Xorn, avstraliyalik ko `chmas mulk 1883 yilda franshiza. Jeffri ko'chasi iskala qismidan biroz g'arbda Reynga yodgorlik mavjud.

Jeyms Milson

Jeyms Milson (1785-1872) [50]
Asosiy maqola: Jeyms Milson

Yigirma uch yoshli Jeyms Milson kirib keldi Port Jekson (Sidney) Albion 1806 yil 19-avgustda[51] Yangi Janubiy Uels koloniyasidagi eng qadimgi erkin ko'chmanchilardan biri sifatida. Uning immigratsiya motivatsiyasi unga ergashganlarning ko'pi bilan bir xil edi, bepul er va'da qilingan. U tug'ilgan Linkolnshir dehqonchilikda tajribali va qishloq xo'jaligi bilimlariga ega erkaklar uchun umidsiz kolonistlar tomonidan kutib olindi.[50] U 1810 yilda turmushga chiqdi va keyinchalik 6 farzandli oilani tarbiyaladi.[52]

Milson Yangi Janubiy Uels koloniyasida yaxshi natijalarga erishdi va Jeffri ko'chasi yonida bog 'va sut mahsulotlari ishlab chiqarishni o'z ichiga olgan bir qator obod korxonalarni tashkil etdi.

Early map of the Kirribilli area showing an area marked Milson's residence
Sketch xaritasi[53] birinchi marta 1955 yilda "Jeyms Milsonning hayoti va davri" kitobida nashr etilgan Kirribilli hududidan[54] Milsonning qarorgohi va 1827 yilda Milsonning qizi Sofiya bilan turmush qurgan kuyovi Uilyam Shairpning yashash joyini ko'rsatmoqda.[55] Teshikli chiziq shimolda Milsonning 50 gektar va janubda Kempbellning 120 gektarligi orasidagi taxminiy chegarani belgilaydi.
  • 1820-yillarning boshlarida[56] Milson Jeffri ko'chasi yaqinidagi Sidney okrugida Robert Kempbelldan ijaraga olgan 120 gektar erga joylashdi.[57]
  • 1824 yilda Milson o'zining qo'shni Kempbell eridan 50 gektarlik grant oldi[58] (yuqoridagi 1850-yillarning xaritasiga qarang).
  • 1826 yilda Milsonning uyi, bog'i va sut mahsulotlari va dehqon xo'jaliklarini vayron qilgan hududda otishma avj oldi[59] keyinchalik u qayta tikladi.
  • 1831 yilda Kempbell Milson bilan 120 akrlik ijara haqini to'lamaganligi sababli sud majlisida qatnashgan.[57]
  • Milson Jeffri ko'chasi atrofida 1831 yilgacha Lavender ko'rfaziga qaragan 50 gektarida yangi uy qurganiga qadar yashagan.[11][52]
  • 1840-yillarga kelib, Milson faqat Kempbellning Jeffri ko'chasi atrofida joylashgan Milson bog'ini o'z ichiga olgan 120 gektar maydonni ijaraga olgan.[39]

Milson 1872 yilda vafot etguniga qadar 50 yildan ortiq vaqt mobaynida ushbu hududning taniqli aholisi bo'lib, o'sha paytdagi Sharqiy Sent-Leonard munitsipaliteti deb nomlangan zamonaviy Milsons Point atrofidagi "Grantem" uyda.[60]

Milson va uning o'g'illari va nabiralari ushbu hududda bir nechta uylar qurishdi: "Brisben uyi" (Jeyms Milson), "Grantem" (Jeyms Milson), "Fern Lodge" (Jeyms Milson), "Wia Wia" (Jon Milson), "Elamang". "(Jeyms Milson Jnr)," Coreena "(Alfred Milson, Jeyms Milson Jnrning o'g'li) va" Wayala "(Artur Milson, Jeyms Milson Jnrning o'g'li). Milsonning kuyovi Uilyam Shairp ham "Carabella" ni qurdi.[61] Fern Lodge (meros ro'yxati)[62] va Elamang (Loreto monastiri hududida) hali ham 2008 yilda turgan.[11][52][63]

Milsons-Point, Sidney Makoni ko'prigining shimoliy tirgaklari joylashgan Sidney Makoni va Kirribilli shahrining g'arbiy qismida joylashgan shahar atrofi, ikkalasi ham Jeyms Milson nomi bilan atalgan.[64] Shimoliy Sidneydagi qariyalar uyini o'z ichiga olgan pensiya qishlog'i ham uning nomi bilan atalgan.[65]

Tomas Jeffri

First known map of Kirribilli, a subdivision map by Robert Campbell detail showing the Beulah Street area which was leased at the time to Thomas Jeffrey
Birinchi Kirribilli xaritasi, taxminan 1840 yilda Tomas Jefriga ijaraga berilgan maydon [39]

Tomas Jeffri haqida ko'p narsa ma'lum. U, masalan, Federatsiyaning Otasi, serga ma'lum edi Genri Parkes va harflar ularning yozishmalaridan omon qoladi.[66]Jeffri 1831 yil 15-iyunda Bojxona departamentida "Landing ofitsiant, qidiruvchi va guger" lavozimiga tayinlangani ma'lum.[67]Shuningdek, u sud hujjatlarida (Yangi Janubiy Uels Umumiy sudlari qarorlari, 1788–1899) "internat xodimi" deb nomlangan.[68] U Kirribilli shahridagi Bojxona uyida ishlagan, dastlabki mustamlakadagi nufuzli lavozim, ehtimol Kirribilli shahrida ko'p yillar yashagan eng keksa fuqaro. Uning dafn marosimida uni "Landing surveyeri va bojxonaning ikkinchi xodimi" deb atashadi. Uning ismi o'sha paytda gazetalarda tez-tez professional lavozimda tilga olingan, shu jumladan transport yangiliklari, bojxona ro'yxatlari va politsiya tadbirlari.[69]

Jeffri 1838-yil 10-oktyabrda Robert Kempbelldan 1 gektar 3 tayoq va uning 6 ta uchastkasini ijaraga olganida ushbu hududda ro'yxatdan o'tgan birinchi ro'yxatdan o'tgan edi.

Early photo of Woodlands house circa 1858, possibly the earliest known photograph of Kirribilli
Tomas Jeffri uyi bo'lgan Shimoliy sohildagi Vudlendning dastlabki fotosurati, taxminan 1858 yilgi fotosurat

Uning "Woodlands" mulki, "portning chiroyli ko'rinishi" deb ta'riflangan, unga yaqin joylashgan Admiralty House. 1842 yilda Admiralty House bojxona kolonial kollektsiyasi tomonidan ijaraga olingan va keyinchalik sotib olingan. Polkovnik J.G.N. Gibbs, uning yashash joyi sifatida. Bojxona Kirribilli shahrida joylashgan erta hukumatning muhim vazifasi edi.[70]Jefri 1847 yilda vafot etdi.[71][72] Uyni uning bevasi o'lganidan keyin sotib yuborgan.[73]Woodlands-ning fotosurati Avstraliya milliy galereyasi.[74]

Tomas Jefrining nomi 1840-yillarning Kirribilli hududining xaritasida hozirgi Beula ko'chasi yaqinidagi mulkni ijaraga olish sifatida paydo bo'lgan. Xaritada uning ijarasidagi o'sha davrda rivojlanish joylari, shu jumladan, turar joy va murabbiylar uyi, oshxona, kottej, bayroqlar shtabi va "janob Jeffreyis Jeti" belgisi bilan iskala qilingan.[39]Ning mavjudligi bayroq xodimi portga kiradigan barcha kemalar uchun muhim joy bo'lgan Bojxona uyini ko'rsatmoqda. E'tiborli jihati shundaki, bayroqning shtabi Kirribillining birinchi taniqli fotosurati bo'lgan juda erta fotosuratda ham ko'rinadi. "Mr Jeffreys Jetty" zamonaviy Beulah Street Wharf-ning taxminiy joylashgan joyida. Tomas Jyeffri o'sha paytda mahalliy etakchi fuqaro bo'lgan va ehtimol Jefri ko'chasi dastlab uning sharafiga atalgan.

John Jeffreys

The Shimoliy Sidney kengashi Greencliffe-dagi varaqada Jon Jeffreyz haqida so'z boradi. Greencliffe Shimoliy Sidneyning qadimgi qumtosh uylaridan biri bo'lgan va portning ajoyib ko'rinishiga ega bo'lgan Kirribilli shahrida asosiy lavozimni egallagan. Kirribilli shoh ko'chasi, 51-53 (Jeffri ko'chasining burchagida) joylashgan asl uy 1860-yillarda Meri Pol xonim tomonidan qurilgan bo'lib, u yaqin atrofdagi pansionatni boshqargan. Milsons-Point 1858–1859 yillarda. Bu risolada Milson 1841 yilgacha ijarani saqlab qolganligi, o'sha vaqtdan boshlab Jon Jeffreyz ijaraga olganligi aytilgan. The Shimoliy Sidney kengashi Greencliffe-dagi varaqada Jeffreys ko'chasi va iskala uning nomi bilan atalganligi aytilgan.[75]

Ehtimol, bu xatodir, ammo tasdiqlovchi dalillar yo'q, haqiqatan ham Kengashning boshqa yozuvlari bu nomni Artur Jeffreysga tegishli (qarang) Artur Jeffreys quyida). Jon Jeffreyisning dastlabki koloniyada bo'lganligi to'g'risida boshqa hech qanday ma'lumot yo'q. Jon Jeffreysning birinchi yozuvlari 1851 yil 10 aprelda Sidneyga etib kelgan Deucalion San-Frantsiskodan.[76] Jon Jeffreys o'sha yili Paddington sudyasi oldida paydo bo'ldi.[77]

Artur Frederik Jeffriis

Artur (Frederik) Jeffriis (tug'ilgan yili) Surrey, Angliya, 1811 yilda) - ruhoniyning o'g'li, 20 yoshga to'lganida Avstraliyaga ko'chib ketishga qaror qilgan. U 1839 yil 20 fevralda Sidneyga keldi Gonduras. Hijratga chiqishdan oldin u komandir leytenant bo'lgan Qirollik floti.[78] Artur Jeffreyis 1841 yilda Robert Kempbellning qizi Sara Kempbellga uylandi.[78][79][80]1843 yilda, besh yillik og'ir qurg'oqchilik oxirida, Jeffreyz 1742 gektar maydonni (7,05 km) sotib oldi.2), yaqin Queanbeyan, NSW-ga, uni "Acton" deb nomlagan Denbigshir, Uels. Ism shahar shahrida abadiylashtirildi Kanberra shahar atrofi Acton qismini tashkil etuvchi Avstraliya poytaxti hududi. Robert Kempbell Kirribilli shahrida muhim yer egaligiga ega bo'lgan NSWning dastlabki koloniyasida juda katta chorvadorlar, savdogarlar va er egalaridan biri edi, Duntroon ustida Ohaktoshli tekisliklar, va Canterbury Sidney yaqinidagi ko'chmas mulk va boshqalar. Kempbelllarga uylanish orqali Artur Jeffreys Kirribilli shahrida taniqli er egasi bo'ldi.

Ushbu hududda Artur va Sara Jeffrislar yashaganligi haqida hech qanday ma'lumot yo'q. 1846 yilda Robert Kempbell vafot etganida, Artur Jeffreys Kirribilli shahridagi ko'chmas mulkning bir qismini va Sidney atrofidagi Kanterberining turar joyiga aylangan katta mulkni meros qilib oldi.[78] Bu vaqtga kelib Jeffreyis boy odam edi. 1845 yil 30-dekabrda o'g'il tug'ildi, ehtimol Jon Jeffreys.[81]

Taxminan 1850 yilda Jeffreyis zamonaviy shahar atrofi Kenterbury uyi deb nomlangan "palatial mustamlaka qasrini" qurdi. Canterbury. Bu bo'yalgan bo'lishi uchun etarlicha ahamiyatga ega va qiziqishga ega bo'lgan keng daraxtlar xiyobonining oxirida joylashgan katta uy edi Konrad Martens.[82] Keyinchalik u a'zoning a'zosi bo'ldi Yangi Janubiy Uels qonunchilik kengashi (1851–54).[78] U birinchi qonunchilik kengashining 1843 - 1856 yillarda Manero shahridagi cho'ponlik okrugining saylanadigan a'zosi bo'lgan [78] Jeffreys 1861 yilda Angliyada vafot etdi va uning oilasi ham u erga yashash uchun qaytib keldi.[78]

Jeffreys Katta o'g'li, Artur Frederik Jeffriis (1848 yilda Kirribilli shahrida tug'ilgan), Avstraliyaga Angliyadan tashrif buyurishni davom ettirdi. Ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, u zamonaviy sayt egallagan erni sotgan Kirribilli mahalla markazi 1873 yilda Jeffri ko'chasining tepasida. Keyinchalik hayotda u a Britaniyalik konservativ siyosatchi. Nabirasi taniqli harbiy qo'mondon bo'ldi va unga ko'tarildi tengdoshlik kabi Baron Jeffriis 1952 yilda.

Bundan tashqari, Jeffri (s) ko'chasiga Artur Jeffreys nomi berilgan bo'lishi mumkin. The bo'linish ning Canterbury Miss Kempbell tomonidan 1878 yilda olingan mulk a Jeffri yo'li Kanterberida.[83]

Dastlabki tuzilmalar

Photograph of a cottage at the corner of Pitt and Jeffrey Streets circa 1907 since demolished
Pitt va Jeffri ko'chalarining burchagida joylashgan uy, hozirgi 1907 yilgacha bo'lgan Avliyo Aloysius kolleji joylashgan joyda.

Kottec (1900-yillarning boshlarida buzilgan)

Rejalar va fotosurat (taxminan 1907 y.) Pitt va Jeffri ko'chalarining burchagida joylashgan hozirgi kottejda, hozirda joylashgan joy. Sankt Aloysius kolleji. Kottec qachon buzilganligi ma'lum emas.[84]

Teraslar (1920-yillarda buzilgan)

Ko'prikka yaqinlashadigan joylarni qurish uchun yaqin atrofdagi ko'chalardagi teras va kottejlarning aksariyati buzildi (xaritaga qarang). Alfred ko'chasi va Fitsroy ko'chasi o'rtasidagi 1890-yillarning batafsil blok rejasida ko'rsatilgan deyarli barcha mulklar buzib tashlandi. Buzilgan ko'plab terasli uylar va kottejlarning fotosuratlari saqlanadi Shimoliy Sidney kengashi va Internetda mavjud.

Shunday qilib, Jeffri ko'chasidagi teraslar asosan tarixiy ahamiyatga ega bo'ldi, chunki ular tirik qolganlar. Ko'prikning g'arbiy qismida kichikroq qatorlar omon qoldi, ammo Jeffri ko'chasidagi qator Shimoliy qirg'oqda saqlanib qolgan eng uzun qatordir.[85]

Photograph of the Jeffrey Street ferry terminal with cars and horse-drawn carriages
Jeffri ko'chasidagi avtomobil feriboti doklari va yondashuvdagi yo'l (1925)

Avtomobil feribotlari (1930-yillarda buzilgan)

Sidney Makoni ko'prigi qurilishidan oldin, "Jeffri ko'chasi feribot doklari" Sidneyning Shimoliy qirg'og'i uchun asosiy transport vositasi bo'lgan. Hududda bir qator transport feribotlari qurilgan, ikkinchisi taxminan 1925 yilda qurilgan va Sidney Makoni ko'prigi ochilguniga qadar ishlatilgan.[86][87]

Oxirgi parom terminali 1930-yillarda buzib tashlangan.

Sidney Makoni ko'prigi qurilishi (taxminan 1930 yil)

Ning qurilishi Sidney Makoni ko'prigi Avstraliya tarixida muhim voqea bo'ldi, bu borada ko'plab kitoblar yozilgan. Jeffri ko'chasi, ko'prik yaqinida darhol qo'shni bo'lib, tadbir fotosuratlarida katta o'rin egallagan.

Photograph shows construction on the foreshores of Kirribilli above Jeffrey Street circa 1930. St. Aloysius College incorporating Dr. Cox's home and the tower of Star of the Sea Church are visible on the skyline. The homes Greencliffe and Craiglea are also visible on the right hand side above M. Steel boatshed
Fotosuratda 1930 yillarning Jeffri ko'chasi ustidagi Kirribilli qirg'og'ida qurilish ishlari tasvirlangan. Doktor Koksning uyi va dengiz yulduzi cherkovining minorasi bilan jihozlangan Avliyo Aloysius kolleji. Greencliffe va Craiglea uylari ham M. Steel qayiqchasi ustida o'ng tomonda ko'rinadi.[88]

Doktor Koksning uyi (1970-yillar buzilgan)

1902 yilda "Bizning xonim, dengiz yulduzi" cherkoviga tutashgan doktor Koksga tegishli mulk ijaraga olingan. Sankt Aloysius kolleji 225 funt sterlingga va bir necha yil o'tgach kollej 4500 funt sterlingga sotib oldi. Jeffri ko'chasi, Klapem Riz (Yuqori Pitt ko'chasi) va Kempbell ko'chasi (Kirribilli avenyu) bilan chegaralangan maydon kichik edi - akrning to'rtdan uch qismi. Bino bilan jazolangan minorali va dantelli temir balkonlar chiroyli atrofga o'rnatilib, Makonning to'siqsiz ko'rinishini boshqargan.

Sankt Aloysius kolleji Kirribilli shahrida 1903 yil 2-fevralda ochilgan.[89]

Cherkov (1978 yilda buzilgan)

Birinchi Jamoat cherkovi Shimoliy sohilda 1863 yilda Jefri ko'chasida qurilgan, ammo 1869 yilda u foydalanishdan chiqqan. Cherkov tomonidan sotib olingan Iezuitlar 1878 yilda va arxiepiskop Vaugh tomonidan 1880 yil 7 noyabrda marhamatlangan. Unga "Bizning xonim, dengiz yulduzi" nomi berilgan. Chalkashliklarga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun Ridge-Sitdagi cherkov avval "Bizning xonim, dengiz yulduzi" nomi bilan tanilgan va o'sha paytdan boshlab "Sent-Maryam" nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan. 1903 yilda "Dengiz yulduzi" ga aylandi cherkov uchun Sankt Aloysius kolleji Surri-Xillzdan endigina doktor Koksga tegishli cherkov yonidagi katta uyga ko'chib o'tgan.[90]

1940 yilda cherkovga keng o'zgartirishlar kiritildi. Yangilangan muqaddas joy va ibodatxonalar qurilgan, kirish va ayvon Pitt ko'chasiga qaragan shimoliy chetga ko'chirilgan. 1950-yillarning boshlarida binoni soddalik tendentsiyasiga moslashtirish uchun qo'shimcha o'zgarishlar amalga oshirildi. 1965 yildan keyin "Dengiz yulduzi" ishlatilmadi. It was demolished in 1978 to enlarge Sankt Aloysius kolleji.[30][90]

The modern "Star of the Sea Church" in Willoughby Street was blessed and opened in 1970.[90]

Photo of the Greencliffe house above Jeffrey Street in 1885
Greencliffe circa 1885

Greencliffe (demolished 1994)

Greencliffe, one of North Sydney's former early sandstone homes, occupied a prime position on the corner of what is now Jeffrey Street and Kirribilli Avenue at 51–53 Kirribilli Avenue.

The original house was built in the 1860s by Mrs Mary Paul, who ran a boarding house nearby at Milsons-Point 1858–1859 yillarda. The first record of Mrs Paul living at Greencliffe appears in the "Sands Directories" in 1864. The house itself had undergone numerous alterations and additions throughout its history including an eastern wing added sometime before 1880 and a substantial Italiya uslubi addition which was built around the sandstone cottage in 1884. By the 1920s the house was turned into residential flats – the trend of the day in the Kirribilli area.

Greencliffe was demolished in 1994 and redeveloped into modern apartments.[91]

Auction sales notice of the original terraces at 52–56 Jeffrey Street
Auction sales notice of the original terraces at 52-56 Jeffrey Street

Original terraces 52–56 Jeffrey St (demolished 1990s)

Three terraces were constructed at 52–56 Jeffrey Street in about 1878 at the northern end of the "Gibson's New Terrace" which is how the row of terraces from 44-50 Jeffrey Street were known at the time. These terraces were demolished in the 1990s.[92]

Modern landmarks and structures

Belgilangan joylar

The main landmarks in the street are as follows (walking away from the harbour up the hill i.e. listed from south to north):

  • Jeffrey(s) Street Wharf: South end of street. The provenance or derivation of the name is disputed. Refer separate heading below.[93][94]
  • Memorial to Thomas Raine: Located on the foreshore, slightly to the west of Jeffrey Street Wharf. Raine was the surviving officer of the Shoshiling.[95]
  • Footpath / track paved with sandstone blocks: The path at the south end of Jeffrey Street running up the hill from the Jeffrey Street Wharf to Kirribilli Avenue is possibly the remains of the old road. If so, this would be the oldest track on the Lower Shimoliy qirg'oq ning Sidney porti, and one of the oldest tracks in Australia.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • Captain Henry Waterhouse Reserve: East side of wharf. Captain Henry Waterhouse, a midshipman, then a lieutenant, sailed in the Birinchi flot. U buyurdi HMS Reliance from 1794, bringing Jorj Bass va Metyu Flinders, "Bass and Flinders" to the Colony. Waterhouse, along with Captain Hunter and Lieutenant Bradley, conducted the first survey of Sydney Harbour, completed on 17 March 1788. He is also credited with the first transportation of merinos qo'ylari into Australia. In 1994 an area of foreshore land was dedicated for use as a public reserve by the Waterhouse family [94][96]
  • Copes Lookout: East side of track above wall. William Cope owned land and properties in the area in the late 19th century. It is possible that Cope's Lookout refers to this William Cope.[94][96][nb 5]
  • Jeffreys Street Lookout: East side of track below Kirribilli Avenue.
  • Stanton Lookout: West side of track below Kirribilli Avenue. Named after Alderman James Street Stanton, Mayor of North Sydney 1938/39.[94][96][97]
  • St Aloysius' College: East side of street. An mustaqil, Katolik, kunduzgi maktab for boys secondary school. Refer separate heading below.
  • The Miguel Pro Playhouse: East side of street. The St Aloysius' College drama theatre.
  • Whyalla: East side of street. A Viktoriya davri mansion which is the senior school (years 11 and 12) for St Aloysius' College. Refer separate heading below.
  • Dalton Hall: Completed 2011 on the east side of the street. The building houses a pool and gymnasium for St Aloysius' College.[98]
  • Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre: The Council operated Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre is at the north end of Jeffrey Street at the intersection of Fitzroy Street. Refer separate heading below.[99]

Terraces

The row of 17 heritage-listed terraces on the west side of Jeffrey Street is one of the oldest largely intact streets in Sydney and has changed very little for more than 100 years. The row of terraces is the second longest unbroken line of heritage listed terraces in Australia. [nb 6] The relevant North Sydney Council Heritage records for the heritage listed terraces is reproduced below together with known information about the construction date. These 17 terrace houses have all been gazetted as heritage items by the Local Council and appear on the NSW Heritage database.[3][nb 7][2]

Aerial view of the Jeffrey Street area showing cottages, terraces and part of the Sydney Harbour Bridge
Aerial view of St Aloysius College and immediate vicinity showing the row of terraces in Jeffrey Street and the Sidney Makoni ko'prigi (1940-yillar)

The aerial photo taken in about the 1940s provides a good view of the cottages. The modern streetscape is more difficult to see because of trees. Almost all of the buildings in the foreground (except for Wyalla) have since been demolished and now form part of Sankt Aloysius kolleji.

  • Terraces from 18-24 Jeffrey Street: The row of 4 terraces from 18-24 Jeffrey Street are likely to have been the first row of terraces constructed. They are at the southern end of the street, closest to the harbour and appear on the 1890s plan. The exact date of construction is not known.[100][101][102][103]
  • Terraces from 26–32 Jeffrey Street: The row of four terraces from 26–32 Jeffrey Street do not appear on the 1890s plan. The exact date of construction is not known. The terraces at 28 and 32 are now owned by St Aloysius' College and are used by the school.[104][105][106][107]
Circa 1905 Postcard of Jeffrey Street
Postcard of 'Jeffrey Street', North Sydney circa 1905 featuring the terraces from 34-42 Jeffrey Street
  • Terraces from 34–42 Jeffrey(s): This row of five terraces do not appear on the 1890s plan. Described in the NSW Heritage register as
One of a two storey terrace of five houses (nos. 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 Jeffreys Street) each characteristed by upper and lower verandah valences formed as heavily moulded brick and stucco pairs of semi-circular arches with elaborate cast-iron balustrades. The two flanking and the centre house each have a projecting gable to the street frontage.
The 1905 postcard shows this row of terrace houses.[108] The exact date of construction is not known but would have been prior to 1900. The NSW Heritage database states the 1880s but the early maps suggest that it might have been the 1890s.[109][110][111][112][113][114] The Jeffrey Street facade of this row of terraces is virtually unchanged more than 110 years after they were originally constructed.
  • Terraces from 44–50 Jeffrey Street: These terraces appear in the 1890s block plan. The exact date of construction is not known, some records state 1878. Newspaper advertisements at the time refer to these terraces as "Gibson's New Terrace".[115][116] It appears that Gibson was the proprietor of the "Gibson's Hotel" in Milsons-Point. A notice appeared in the Sidney Morning Herald on 26 October 1878 offering the row of 4 terraces for let or for sale.[117][118][119][120][121]
Again, the Jeffrey Street facade of this row of tall terraces is virtually unchanged more than 110 years after they were originally constructed.
  • Terraces from 52–56 Jeffrey Street: These town-house/ terraces are of modern construction. The earliest reference to houses in Jeffrey Street was in the Sydney Morning Herald on 14, 18 and 19 December 1878 for:
"THREE well-finished and faithfully built two-story brick Houses in JEFFREY-STREET, adjoining the north end of GIBSON'S NEW TERRACE, only three minutes' walk from the STEAMER'S WHARF at MILSON'S POINT." [115][116]
It is almost certain that these advertisements refer to the terraces from 52-56 Jeffrey(s) Street. These terraces were demolished circa 2000 and the three new terraces constructed at 52, 54 and 56 Jeffrey Street (these modern terraces are not heritage listed).

Wyalla

Photo of the house called Wyalla which now forms part of St Aloysius' College
Wyalla which forms part of St Aloysius' College (2007)

"Wyalla" is the large mansion set well back from the east side of the street at the intersection of Jeffrey Street and Upper Pitt Street.[nb 8] Wyalla is a later-19th century mansion designed in the Victorian Italyancha uslubi. The heritage listing notes that it is a large two storey Italianate house with an asymmetrical front having a projecting three-facet bay with moulded details to segmental arch windows. The south wing behind has a two-storey verandah with cast-iron posts in pairs and lace balustrades and valences. The north wing is sparsely detailed by comparison, with no verandahs. Hipped gable roof is clad in corrugated-iron and moulded cornices are bracketed.

The early history of the house has not been researched but it was purchased 1916 by St Aloysius' College and has housed the school since then.[122]

Sankt Aloysius kolleji

Postcard view of St. Aloysius College circa 1910 to 1920, these buildings have since been demolished
Postcard of St. Aloysius College, Milsons Point c. 1910 – 1920 (demolished c. 1961)

Ning hozirgi sayti Sankt Aloysius kolleji was previously occupied by a small, stone church built in 1863 by Jamiyatchilar, Ueslianlar va Anglikanlar. The church had fallen into disuse, reportedly due to the lack of a congregation. The original stone church was purchased by the Iezuitlar in 1880 to serve the district of Kirribilli va Milsons-Point.

Sidney arxiyepiskopi Cardinal Moran chaqirdi Iezuitlar to move St Aloysius' College from Bourke Street to a site in Kirribilli near the church in order to give regular service to the Catholics of the area.

In 1902, a property in Jeffrey Street adjoining the church owned by Dr Cox was rented for £225 and a few years later purchased for £4,500. St Aloysius' College officially commenced classes in Kirribilli on 2 February 1903, with less than 50 students.

Before long enrolments again increased and additional accommodation became an urgent need. A wooden building was hastily erected, housing sinf xonalari and study hall until it was replaced in 1907-1908 by a three-storeyed brick building later known as the "Junior School". As student numbers increased, additional rooms again became necessary and in 1913-1914 a new wing was constructed on the eastern side of the original residence. The site has been continually developed since, with significant redevelopment occurring in 1961 and most recently over the period 1979–81.

The new building at the northern end of Jeffrey Street will be named Dalton Hall after the Founding Father of St Aloysius' College, Fr Joseph Dalton SJ. It consists of a swimming pool, basketball court, classrooms and offices.[123]

Street map of Kirribilli in 1875 showing many of the main streets
Street map of Kirribilli (1875) [124]

Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre

The Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre (or KNC) was built as a private residence in 1873 by Henry Bligh and is heritage-listed on the Register of the National Estate.[2][125]

The building is described on the NSW heritage database as being "designed in the Victorian Rustic Gothic style". The "Two storey symmetrical semi-detached houses of stone with a corrugated iron gabled roof. There are carved bargeboards, finials and a lancet ventillator to the gable ends, three-light square-headed windows and iron lace, columns and balustrades to the verandahs." And as being "Built 1876 for Henry Hocken Bligh (1826-1904), former Mayor of Willoughby (1869–70) and husband of Elizabeth Shairp, granddaughter of James Milson. The Blighs lived at No. 16 and owned other properties in the area. It was sold in 1911, through various ownerships until acquired by the Council in 1974. It was restored subsequently as the Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre." [2]

The Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre is now run as a community neighbourhood centre by a committee governed by the North Sydney Council. The centre provides spaces for community activities and parties or celebrations. It also provides a wide range of adult education courses, holds a monthly market, and offers activities and services for all ages. Rooms with views of the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are available for hire.[126][127]

Bratton

"Bratton" which is located at 38 Pitt Street (very close to Jeffrey Street) is another significant heritage listed property in the area. It is described on the NSW heritage database as being designed in the "Victorian Italyancha style". And as a "Two storey rendered brick terrace with rendered brick verandah formed as three semi-circular arches sprung from square columns between and plain rendered balustrade panels." [2][128]

Meros

Jeffreys Street Heritage Conservation Area

At its meeting of 8 March 2010, North Sydney Council's Planning and Development Committee resolved to investigate the establishment of a new heritage conservation area centred on Jeffreys Street, Kirribilli.A consultant was engaged to prepare a report.[129] A report was subsequently completed by John Oultram Heritage & Design titled Proposed Conservation Area, Jeffreys Street, Kirribilli. The consultant's assessment was then presented to Council on 29 Nov 2010 which resolved to adopt the recommendations of the Heritage Assessment and to commence the process of preparing a planning proposal to establish a new heritage conservation area centered on Jeffreys Street.[130] The planning proposal was then presented to and adopted by Council on 21 Mar 2011 which resolved to forward the planning proposal to the Minister for Planning seeking a gateway determination under section 56 of the EP&A Act 1979.[131] The Minister accepted the proposal and the Jeffreys Street Heritage Conservation Area was gazetted on 16 December 2011.[4][5]

To'plamlar

Relevant historical collections are recorded at the following libraries:

  • Stanton Library (North Sydney Council)
  • NSW davlat kutubxonasi
  • Sankt Aloysius kolleji
  • Avstraliya milliy kutubxonasi

Etimologiya

Joylashuv

Over the past 200 years the immediate area has been called by many names:

  • Huntershill, the name coined by Thoman Muir[20]
  • Sent-Leonards, the area was originally part of the Parish and Municipality of St Leonards East, early Parish maps refer
  • Shimoliy Sidney
  • Kiarabilli, an Aboriginal word which means "good fishing spot" [9]
  • Milsons-Point
  • Kirribilli Point
  • Kirribilli was first used in about 1853 and the use of Kirribilli as a suburb or locality is more recent.

Confusion over the name of the street

As to the confusion about the street's name, various government departments spell the name of the street in three different ways. The street has mainly been called Jeffri ko'chasi for much of the past 150 years. Certainly, it is easier to pronounce the name of the street without the "s" on the end of Jeffrey. There are three common spelling variations as follows:

VariantNomlanganExamples of usage
Jeffri ko'chasiThomas Jeffrey
  • NSW State Government (Heritage reference to the wharf)
  • North Sydney Council (via the MapData layer on the Council website)
  • Various federal government agencies (e.g. Centrelink)
  • Sankt Aloysius kolleji [89]
  • UBD Street Directory
  • Google xaritalari
  • A large number of real estate agents
  • www.geonames.org
Jeffreys StreetArthur Jeffreys or John Jeffreys
  • North Sydney Council (preferred but the North Sydney Council is internally inconsistent and in various places suggests the street is named after both these people)
  • Yahoo xaritalari
  • Geographical Names Board of NSW (but only in relation to the wharf) [132]
Jeffereys StreetReported to be a mistake
  • Sydney Ferries (Two signs on the wharf refer)
  • 131500 Transport Infoline

The earliest map showing Jeffrey Street is contained in a book about Robert Kempbell. The map refers to a Jeffreys Street.[35]

The name Jeffrey Street was used almost exclusively from 1878 to the 1970s, for almost 100 years. A number of the early mentions are listed below. The spelling "Jeffreys Street" was not used in newspapers before 1910, and subsequent appearances were rare. For example, an Auction Sale notice for an auction that occurred on 20 July 1910 for "2 Valuable Blocks of Land" but these were rare. The name Jeffrey Street was used almost exclusively.[133]

It is not known why North Sydney Council favoured Jeffreys Street and there is no record of the basis of the decision to adopt "Jeffreys Street" in favour of "Jeffrey Street" which occurred in about 1990. The confusion over names has often been publicised. Sydney Morning Herald article on 19 and 21 May 2010 refers.[134]

The North Sydney Council website is internally inconsistent:

  • The "Greencliffe" leaflet on the North Sydney Council website states that Jeffreys Street and the wharf are named after a "John Jeffreys". However, there is no evidence that this person ever lived.[75]
  • The "Naming North Sydney" database on the North Sydney Council website states that the street was named after "Arthur Jeffreys".

It is widely agreed that the signs on the wharf that read "Jeffereys" Street are a mistake.

To add further confusion, the Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre which is located in the same street has recently (circa 2008) named the upstairs back room "Jeffreys" after Alice Jeffreys, "a wonderful organizer and hard worker". Alice is a volunteer organiser at the centre.[135] It is understood that Alice is not related to Arthur and that this is purely coincidence.

Kesishmalar

Jeffrey Street runs from Fitzroy Street in the north to Kirribilli Avenue in the south. It has only one intermediate intersection, with Pitt Street to the west and Upper Pitt Street to the east.

News, Television and film

Earliest newspaper advertisement mentioning Jeffrey Street being for a college for girls
Early advertisement referring to Jeffrey Street (a "College for Girls" in 1884)

Select mentions over the years have been as follows:

Early mentions in the Sydney Morning Herald

  • "Insolvent Estate". Sidney Morning Herald. 26 April 1878. for the sale by auction of the Insolvent Estate of George Thrale Kemp (the earliest reference to Jeffrey Street)
  • "Yo'qolgan va topilgan". Sidney Morning Herald. 30 April 1880. for a lost dog
  • "To Let". Sidney Morning Herald. 30 September 1880. advertisement to let a family residence
  • "Order of Sale". Sidney Morning Herald. 5 October 1882. for a Commodious Family Residence known as Hillside (Milson's Point)
  • "Order of Sale". Sidney Morning Herald. 6 October 1882. for a Residence and a large block of land fronting the harbour known as Mrs Paul's (Milson's Point)
  • "Auction Sales". Sidney Morning Herald. 28 October 1882. for an auction sale to sell all the old material in the construction of Old Kirribilli Cottage
  • "Auction Sales". Sidney Morning Herald. 1882 yil 28-noyabr. for a valuable and beautifully situated corner site
  • "Order of Sale". Sidney Morning Herald. 30 November 1883. for a splendid corner block (Milson's Point, St. Leonards)
  • "Ta'lim". Sidney Morning Herald. 1884 yil 26-iyul. for a College for Girls
  • describes the impact of the Sidney port tunnel which passes underneath the area.[136]
  • tasvirlaydi Olimpiya mash'alasi from the Wharf.[137]

Namoyishlar

  • "150 Protest against Kirribilli Plan", Sydney Morning Herald, 11/08/1993 describes a protest against adjacent development in Kirribilli Avenue.[138]
  • "Battle over foreshore flats plan", Sydney Morning Herald, 06/08/1993 which quotes the local Mayor who describes the area as "one of the most important locations in Sydney".[139]

Brothels and gambling

  • "Two-Up School", Sydney Morning Herald, 14/05/1951 describes a police raid on a two-up school where 27 people were arrested
  • Use of the street for brothels during and post WW2 [nb 9]

Film and television.

The views from Jeffrey Street of Sydney Harbour, the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the long row of heritage listed terrace houses in Jeffrey Street have been immortalised in a number of films, movies and television shows.

Sud ishlari

In 1997 John Taylor and Pam Taylor, the owners of 28 Jeffrey Street applied for Development Consent to Shimoliy Sidney kengashi to add "Juliette balconies", a roof deck and a glass roof to their Victorian terrace house. The terrace has a 2-storey appearance from the street, 3-stories from the rear which is below street level. Consent was refused by Council. Ushbu qaror ustidan shikoyat qilingan Yangi Janubiy Uelsning Yer va atrof-muhit sudi.[140] The original application had been in May 1997 and had led to five sets of plans being prepared. Objections raised included concerns related to the party wall, consent, noise, privacy, reduction in heritage integrity, light, and detrimental impact on the strong geometric shapes of the gable roofs on the terraces and their stepping down the hill. Evidence from Mrs. Worrall was that in the 1960s the area had been regarded as a mahalla, but the history of the area had been recognised. The Court heard evidence from neighbouring owners, architects and town planners including:[140]

  • Mrs. D. Worrall (26 Jeffrey)
  • Mr. J. Skarratt (42 Kirribilli Ave)
  • Mr. L. Sheridan (30 Jeffrey)

The Hukm handed down by Commissioner K.G. Hoffman stated that the Court came to the conclusion that the heritage significance of the group of terraces and that of No. 28 would be compromised to an unacceptable degree by the proposed roof deck. The court however allowed modified Juliette balconies, an attic room and a dormer window.[140]

A 2001 Judgement in the Land and Environment Court for the Case concerning 22–28 Alfred Street, Milsons Point also referred to Jeffrey Street. This case involved a proposed development on the site occupied by five terrace houses in nearby Milsons Point. The Judgement noted that "terrace buildings are not rare and appear in large numbers elsewhere in Sydney and, in particular, in North Sydney. Better examples exist in North Sydney; for example, in Jeffrey Street, on the opposite side of Bradfield Park to the subject land".[141]

Jeffrey Street was mentioned in the 2005 case of Meehan v. North Sydney Council which related to a nearby property at 40 Kirribilli Avenue. The judgement noted that "the area was not a conservation area, although there was discussion during the proceedings of the fact that perhaps this should be a conservation area, given the large number of heritage items in the vicinity". It also noted that the properties at No. 41–45 Pitt Street are heritage items of regional significance and the properties in Jeffrey Street are also heritage items of regional significance.[142]

There was a series of 10 cases in the Consumer, Trader and Tenancy Tribunal of New South Wales (CTTT) relating to 40 Jeffrey Street ending in 2005. These cases involved the administration of the strata scheme at 40 Jeffrey Street. In November 2005 the owners of Lot 1 made an application to the CTTT seeking to have a compulsory strata managing agent appointed. The application was successful. This led to the resolution of a long-running dispute between the owners in the strata scheme which had involved 10 applications to the CTTT and a reported 100 to Shimoliy Sidney kengashi.[143][144]

Shuningdek qarang

Avstraliya yo'l belgisi W5-29.svg Avstraliya yo'llari portali

Footnotes and References

Izohlar
  1. ^ Exceeded only by Lower Fort Street in Millers Point da Toshlar
  2. ^ The first land grants north of the harbour occurred on 3 January 1792 to eight marines. This occurred in the Ryde area along the northern bank of the river between Sydney and Parramatta. Grants were subsequently made in February 1792 to ten emancipated convicts (including John or Joseph Carter) at the Field of Mars further up the North Shore in the area of the modern suburb of Ryde.
  3. ^ Research from the Information Request Service at the State Library of New South Wales, Reference question #: IR141101 on 29 June 2010
  4. ^ The original sources referenced in this book and indicated *** have not been cited. The only narrow alluvial flat in the area is the area between the modern day Jeffrey Street and Broughton Street close to the wharf.
  5. ^ North Sydney Council website states that there are numerous references to "Cope and King" as property owners in the Kirribilli area in East St. Leonards Minute Books held by North Sydney Council.
  6. ^ Exceeded only by the 21 heritage listed properties from 47 to 87 Lower Fort Street in Millers Point at the Rocks.
  7. ^ The terraces at 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 and 50 Jeffrey Street are all heritage listed.
  8. ^ Wyalla forms part of Sankt Aloysius kolleji. The address is actually 46 Upper Pitt Street but it appears to front Jeffrey Street
  9. ^ North Sydney Council records
Adabiyotlar
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  3. ^ a b "North Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2001". North Sydney Council. 2001 yil. Olingan 12 oktyabr 2012.
  4. ^ a b NSW Department of Planning and Infrastructure (16 December 2011). "NSW Government Legislation website" (PDF). Gazetted Amendments to the Local Environmental Plan. Yangi Janubiy Uels hukumati. Olingan 11 iyun 2012.
  5. ^ a b North Sydney Council (16 December 2011). "North Sydney Council website". List Gazetted Amendments to the Council Local Environmental Plan. Shimoliy Sidney kengashi. Olingan 11 iyun 2012.
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