Magnosaurus - Magnosaurus

Magnosaurus
Vaqtinchalik diapazon: O'rta yura davri, 173–169 Ma
Magnosaurus OUMNH J. 12143.png
Skeletlari topildi diagrammasi holotip namunasi
Ilmiy tasnif e
Qirollik:Animalia
Filum:Chordata
Klade:Dinozavrlar
Klade:Saurischia
Klade:Theropoda
Oila:†Megalosauridae
Subfamila:†Afrovenatorinae
Tur:†Magnosaurus
Huene, 1932
Tur turlari
†Megalosaurus nethercombensis
Huene, 1923 yil
Turlar
  • †M. nethercombensis (Huene, 1923 [dastlab Megalosaurus ])
  • †M. lydekkeri (Huene, 1932 [dastlab Megalosaurus])
  • †M. Woodwardi Huene, 1932 yil

Magnosaurus ("katta kaltakesak" ma'nosini anglatadi) a tur bazal tetanuran teropod dinozavr dan O'rta yura davri ning Angliya. U parchalangan qoldiqlarga asoslangan va ko'pincha aralashtirilib yoki kiritilgan Megalosaurus.

Tarix va taksonomiya

Hayot qayta tiklash

1923 yilda, Fridrix fon Xuene nomlangan Megalosaurus nethercombensis qisman skeletidan (OUM J12143) Aaleniya -Bayocian - yosh O'rta yura davri Pastki oolit, o'n to'qqizinchi asrda V. Parker tomonidan topilgan Nethercomb, shimoliy Sherborne, yilda Dorset, Angliya. Materiallar qisman kiritilgan tish shifokorlari, dorsal va kaudal umurtqalar, qisman ilium, qisman huquq pubis, ichki gips femora va tibiae, mumkin bo'lganidan voyaga etmagan individual. Huene buni ibtidoiy deb izohladi turlari ning Megalosaurus.[1]

1926 yilda u tish turlari Megalosaurus lydekkeri namuna uchun, BMNH 41352, dan Quyi Lias (Quyi yura ) Angliyaning Richard Lydekker birinchi marta 1888 yilda tasvirlangan edi.[2][3] Nihoyat, 1932 yilda u naslni yaratdi Magnosaurus uchun M. nethercombensis, yo'naltirilgan M. lydekkeri unga va uchinchi turni yaratdi, M. Woodwardi, jins uchun. M. Woodwardi Quyi Liyodagi tibia (BMNH R.3542) ga asoslangan bo'lib, uni bir vaqtning o'zida va tasodifan ham nomlagan Sarcosaurus andrewsi;[4] 1956 yilda bu nomga fon Huene ustuvor ahamiyat berdi. Bundan ham chalkashroq, o'sha 1932 yil nashrida fon Huene nomi o'zgartirildi Sarcosaurus woodi ichiga Magnosaurus woodi.

1990-yillarga qadar bu turga bir tur sifatida e'tibor berilmagan Megalosaurus.[5] Biroq, aniq nimani tashkil etishi haqida tashvish kuchayib bormoqda Megalosaurus, Magnosaurus odatda o'z jinsi sifatida ajratilgan.[6][7][8] Bundan tashqari, mavjud morfologik farqlar: masalan, mumkin Megalosaurus tibiae ularnikidan farqli o'laroq, eng oxirida siqiladi Magnosaurus.[8] Rauhut (2003) buni ko'rib chiqdi va Eustreptospondilus bir xil turdagi bo'lish, chunki ikkalasi tish va kattalashgan uchinchi tish tishlarining xuddi shunday kengaygan old uchini bo'lishadi. Shuning uchun u nomini o'zgartirdi Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis a Magnosaurus oxoniensis ammo bunga umuman rioya qilinmagan.[7] Sharhlar, ehtimol, bazal tetanuran bo'lishi mumkin, ehtimol a megalosaurid.[8][9][10] Tomonidan batafsil qayta tavsiflangan Rojer Benson 2010 yilda yakunlandi Magnosaurus amal qilgan takson, megalosaurid megalosauroid va taxminan 175 million yoshda ma'lum bo'lgan eng keksa ma'lum a'zosi Tetanuralar.[11]

Turlar

Magnosaurus ko'plab turlardan ma'lum, aksariyati dastlab boshqa tur deb nomlangan.[12]

  • Magnosaurus nethercombensis (Huene, 1923) Huene, 1932 yil = Megalosaurus nethercombensis Huene, 1923 yil
  • Magnosaurus lydekkeri (Huene, 1926) Huene, 1932 yil (nomen dubium) = Megalosaurus lydekkeri Huene, 1926 yil[8]
  • Magnosaurus woodwardi Huene, 1932 yil (nomen dubium) = Sarcosaurus andrewsi Huene, 1932 yil = Megalosaurus woodwardi (Huene, 1932)[13]

The tur turlari ning Eustreptospondilus, Megalosaurus va Sarkozavr ba'zan ham tayinlanadi Magnosaurus. Bunday hollarda kombinatsiyalar:

  • Magnosaurus woodi (Andrews, 1921) = Sarcosaurus woodi Endryus, 1921 yil
  • Magnosaurus oxoniensis (Walker, 1964) Rahut, 2003 yil = Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis Walker, 1964 yil
  • Magnosaurus bucklandi (Meyer, 1832) Vayshampel va boshq., 2004 = lapsus kalami, Megalosaurus bucklandi Meyer, 1832 yil = Megalosaurus bucklandii Mantell, 1827 yil[12]

Tavsif

Hajmi Magnosaurus (yashil rangda) boshqasiga nisbatan afrovenatorinlar

Qoldiqlar siyrak va bo'lak bo'lganligi sababli, uning anatomik xususiyatlari haqida ko'p tafsilotlar noma'lum. Bu bo'lar edi ikki oyoqli yirtqich dinozavr uchun o'rtacha kattalikdagi Unga o'xshash eng o'xshash hayvonlar, ehtimol bo'lishi mumkin Eustreptospondilus, Dubreuillosaurus va Afrovenator.[8] Pol (1988) bu turdagi odamning massasini taxminan 175 kg (386 funt) atrofida deb taxmin qilgan, bu taxminan to'rt metr (13,1 fut) uzunlikka to'g'ri keladi.[9] Biroq, Benson, 2010 yilda yarim tonnaga yaqin yuqori baho berdi; hayvon kestirib, bir metrdan oshiqroq joyda turgan bo'lar edi.

Tasnifi

Ning filogenetik holati Magnosaurus Karranoning so'zlariga ko'ra va boshq. (2012) ushbu kladogramma bilan ko'rsatilgan:[14]

Megalosauroidea
 

Piatnitzkysauridae Paleocolour.jpg tomonidan Piatnitzkysaurus floresi

 
Megalosauriya
 

Streptospondil

 
 

Spinosauridae Spinosaurus aegyptiacus.png

 
Megalosauridae
Eustreptospondilina
 

Eustreptospondilus Eustrept1DB1 (ag'darildi) .jpg

 
 
 
Megalosaurinae
 

Duriavenator Duriavenator NT (o'girilib) .jpg

 
 
 

Megalosaurus Paleogeek.svg tomonidan yaratilgan Megalosaurus silueti

 
 

Torvosaurus Torvosaurus tanneri rekonstruksiya qilish (o'girilib) .png

 
 
 
Afrovenatorinae
 

Afrovenator PaleoGeek.jpg tomonidan Afrovenator Abakensis

 
 
 

Dubreuillosaurus Dubreuillosaurus NT Flipped.png

 
 

Magnosaurus Magnosaurus (o'girilib) .jpg

 
 
 
 

Leshansaurus

 
 

Piveteausaurus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ fon Huene, F. (1923). Trias davridan beri Evropada yirtqich Saurischia. Amerika Geologik Jamiyatining Axborotnomasi 34:449-458.
  2. ^ fon Huene, F. (1926). Yura va bo'r shakllanishidagi yirtqich Saurischia, asosan Evropada. La Plata Revista del Museo 29:35-167.
  3. ^ Lydekker, R. (1888). Britaniya muzeyidagi tabiiy sudralib yuruvchilar va amfibiyalar katalogi (tabiiy tarix). I. qism Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynhocephalia va Proterosauria buyruqlarini o'z ichiga olgan. Britaniya muzeyi (tabiiy tarix): London, 309 p.
  4. ^ fon Huene, F. (1932). Qazib olinadigan qazilmalarni qazib oling Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monografiya zur Geologie und Palaeontologie 1 (4) [Nemis tili]
  5. ^ Waldman, M. (1974). "Dorsetning Bayocian (O'rta Yura) dan megalosauridlar". Paleontologiya 17(2):325-339.
  6. ^ Molnar, RE, Kurzanov, SM va Dong, Z. (1990). "Karnosauriya". In: Weishampel, DB, Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (tahr.), Dinozavrlar. Kaliforniya universiteti matbuoti: Berkli va Los-Anjeles, p. 169-209. ISBN  0-520-06727-4
  7. ^ a b Rauhut, O.W.M. (2003). "Bazal Teropod Dinozavrlarining o'zaro aloqalari va evolyutsiyasi". Paleontologiyada maxsus hujjatlar 69. Paleontologik assotsiatsiya: London, 213 p.
  8. ^ a b v d e Xolts Jr., TR, Molnar, RE va Currie, PJ (2004). "Bazal tetanuralar". In: Weishampel, DB, Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (tahr.), Dinozavrlar (ikkinchi nashr). Berkli: Kaliforniya universiteti Matbuot: Berkli, p. 71-110. ISBN  0-520-24209-2
  9. ^ a b Pol, G.S. (1988). Dunyoning yirtqich dinozavrlari. Simon & Shuster: Nyu-York, 464 p. ISBN  0-671-61946-2
  10. ^ Benson, RBJ (2010). "Tavsif Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) Buyuk Britaniyaning Batoniyasidan va O'rta Yura davri teropodlarining munosabatlari ". Linnean Jamiyatining Zoologik jurnali. 158 (4): 882–935. doi:10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2009.00569.x.
  11. ^ Benson, Rojer B. J., 2010, "ning osteologiyasi Magnosaurus nethercombensis (Dinosauria, Theropoda) Buyuk Britaniyaning Bayocian (O'rta Yura davri) va tetanuranlarning eng qadimgi yozuvlarini qayta tekshirish ", Tizimli paleontologiya jurnali, 8(1): 131-146
  12. ^ a b Vayshampel, D.B .; Dodson, P.; Osmolska, H. (tahrir). "Dinozavr: Ikkinchi nashr". Berkli: Kaliforniya universiteti matbuoti, p 99. ISBN  0-520-24209-2.
  13. ^ Karrano, MT va Sampson, SD (2004). Evropaning dastlabki yura davri koeffitsidlari (Dinosauria: Theropoda) dan olingan koelofizoidlar, Koelofizoidaning so'nggi tarixi haqida sharhlar bilan. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 2004(9):537-558.
  14. ^ M.T. Karrano, RBJ Benson va S.D. Sampson, 2012 y., "Tetanuraning filogeniyasi (Dinosauriya: Theropoda)", Tizimli paleontologiya jurnali 10(2): 211-300