Pifat - Piphat

Video: Pifat o'ynagan Wat Khung Taphao, Uttaradit viloyati
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Ovoz namunasi

A pipat (Tailandcha: ปี่พาทย์, talaffuz qilingan [pìːpʰâːt]) tarkibidagi ansamblning bir turi mumtoz musiqa ning Tailand, unda puflanadigan va zarbli asboblar mavjud. Bu Tailand mumtoz repertuaridagi eng muqaddas va "yuqori darajadagi" kompozitsiyalarni, shu jumladan buddistlar chaqirig'ini talqin qilish uchun ansamblning asosiy shakli hisoblanadi. sathukan (Tailandcha: สาธุ การ) shuningdek, chaqirilgan suitlar phleng rueang. Bu, shuningdek, an'anaviy Tailand teatri hamrohlik qilish uchun ishlatiladi raqs shakllari, shu jumladan khon (Tailandcha: โขน) (niqobli raqs-drama), laxon (klassik raqs) va soya qo'g'irchoq teatri.

Oldingi vaqtdagi pifat chaqirilgan finfat.[1][2][3] Bu uning Kambodja musiqiy ansambliga o'xshaydi pinpeat va Laos ansambli pinfat.

Turlari pipat

Eng kichigi pipat, deb nomlangan piphat khrueang ha, oltita asbobdan iborat: pi nai (oboy); ranat ek (ksilofon); khong vong yai (gong doirasi); taphon yoki boshqa Tailand barabanlari; juda yaxshi, tayoqchalar bilan urilgan ikkita katta bochka barabanlari to'plami; va ching (kichik chalaklar). Kabi boshqa kichik zarbli asboblar krap yoki bob ishlatiladi.

Biroz kattaroq pipat ansambl deyiladi piphat khrueang khu, va sakkizta musiqa asboblaridan iborat. Boshqa ikkita asbob - bu ranat thum (ksilofon), bu tovushdan chuqurroq ovoz chiqaradi ranat ekva khong vong lek, balandlikdan balandroq bo'lgan gong doirasi khong vong yai.

Ning eng katta shakli pipat ansambl piphat khrueang yaio'nta musiqa asboblaridan iborat. Boshqalari ranat ek lek va ranat thum lek; bu ularning ajdodlari bilan deyarli bir xil, ranat ek va ranat thum, lekin ularda yog'och o'rniga metalldan yasalgan kalitlar mavjud.

Pifat xrueang ha

Wong piphat khrueang ha (Tailandcha: วง ปี่พาทย์ เครื่อง ห้า, Tailandcha talaffuz: [woŋ pìːpʰâːt kʰrɯ̂əŋ hâː]) tarkibiga quyidagilar kiradi:

  1. 1 pi nai - bosh oboy
  2. 1 taphon - ikkinchi darajali urish
  3. 1 ching - asosiy mag'lubiyat
  4. 1 khong vong yai - deyarli to'liq dumaloq trekka osilgan bosh gonglar
  5. 2 juda yaxshi - tay timpaniy
  6. 1 ranat ek - yuqori ksilofon

Pifat xrueang khu

Vong piphat xrueang khu (Tailandcha: วง ปี่พาทย์ เครื่อง คู่, Tailandcha talaffuz: [woŋ pìːpʰâːt kʰrɯ̂əŋ kʰûː]) dan ishlab chiqilgan piphat khrueang ha, asboblarni treb-bas juftliklarida joylashtirib. U quyidagilardan iborat:

  1. 1 pi nai - bosh oboy
  2. 1 pi nok - uch qavatli oboy
  3. 1 taphon - ikkinchi darajali taymer
  4. 1 ajoyib songna yoki 2 glong xek
  5. 2 juda yaxshi - tay timpaniy
  6. 1 ching - asosiy taymer
  7. 1-bob
  8. 1 khong vong yai - yarim dumaloq yo'lga osilgan bosh gonglar
  9. 1 khong vong lek - yarim dumaloq yo'lga osilgan gonglarning uch karra versiyasi
  10. 1 khong mong
  11. 1 ranat ek - yuqori ksilofon
  12. 1 ranat thum - bosh ksilofon

Pifat xrueang yai

Vong piphat xrueang yai (Tailandcha: วง ปี่พาทย์ เครื่อง ใหญ่, Tailandcha talaffuz: [woŋ pìːpʰâːt kʰrɯ̂əŋ jàj]) qo'shish orqali tartibga solingan ranat ek lek (ระนาดเอก เหล็ก; treble metallofon) va ranat thum lek (ระนาดทุ้ม เหล็ก; bas metallofon) ga wong piphat khrueang khu.

Piphat nang hong

Vong piphat nang hong (Tailandcha: วง ปี่พาทย์ นางหงส์, Tailandcha talaffuz: [woŋ pìːpʰâːt naːŋ hǒŋ]) - dafn marosimlarida ishlatiladigan ansambl. O'rniga qo'yish orqali tartibga solinadi pi nai va pi nok bilan pi chawa. Ism nang hong dafn marosimlari uchun mo'ljallangan asosiy musiqa nomidan kelib chiqadi. Qirol varianti, Wong piphat nang hong khruang yai (qirol uchun) yoki Vong piphat nang hong khrueang khu (Qirollik oilasining katta a'zolari uchun), Qirol davrida kiritilgan Vajiravud (Rama VI) ning shoh dafn marosimlarida foydalanish uchun Chakri sulolasi, Qirol davrida qayta tiklangan Bxumibol Adulyadet (Rama IX) 1995 yilda, davlat uchun dafn marosimlari paytida Srinagarindra, malika onasi, tashabbusi bilan Malika Maha Chakri Sirindxorn, malika qirolligi, yillar yo'qligidan keyin.[4] Agar qirol uchun o'ynasa, qirol dafn ansamblida 10 dan 12 gacha cholg'u asboblari o'ynaladi, bu oddiy ansambldan bir necha ko'proq, katta yoshdagilar uchun 8 dan 9 gacha asboblar ishlatiladi.

Tailanddagi ba'zi dafn marosimlarida nang hong Variant ansambli karnay-surnay, saksovul, klarnet va hattoki baraban to'plami, gitara va elektr pianino kabi G'arb asboblari bilan to'ldirilgan. Ulardan ba'zilari oddiy ansambllarda ham paydo bo'lgan.

Pifat duek to'g'onni taqiqlash

Vong piphat duek to'g'onni taqiqlash (Tailandcha: วง ปี่พาทย์ ดึกดำบรรพ์, Tailandcha talaffuz: [woŋ pìːpʰâːt dɯ̀k.dam.ban], so'zma-so'z "qadimiy ansambl") tomonidan taklif qilingan Shahzoda Naris Tailand operasida foydalanish uchun. U quyidagilardan iborat:

  1. 1 ranat ek
  2. 1 taphon
  3. 1 ranat thum
  4. 1 ranat thum lek
  5. 1 khong vong yai
  6. 1 ching
  7. 1 taphon - ikkita timon yordamida birlashtirilib tayyorlangan "timpanik".
  8. 1 ko'rdim
  9. 1 xlui u - bass nay
  10. 1 khlui phiang aw - o'rtacha
  11. 1 Wong khong chai - 7 to'plam khong choy har xil o'lchamdagi yog'och barga osilgan.

Pifat mon

Pifat dushanba namoyish etilgan Cité de la Musique, Parij

The piphat mon dan kelib chiqadi deb ishoniladi Mon odamlar qadimiy Mon-Khmer - Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodagi materik odamlarini gapirish va vertikal gong doirasi kabi maxsus asboblardan foydalanadi khong mon. Wong piphat mon (Tailandcha: วง ปี่พาทย์ มอญ, Tailandcha talaffuz: [woŋ pìːpʰâːt mɔːn]) uchta o'lchamga ega:

Pifat mon xrueang ha

Vong piphat mon khrueang ha (Tailandcha: วง ปี่พาทย์ มอญ เครื่อง ห้า, Tailandcha talaffuz: [woŋ pìːpʰâːt mɔːn kʰrɯ̂əŋ hâː]) dan iborat:

  1. 1 ranat ek
  2. 1 pi mon - uchi shox shaklidagi bosh oboy.
  3. 1 khong mon wong yai - vertikal ramkada o'rnatilgan bosh gonglar to'plami (gonglar gorizontal yarim doira ichida o'rnatiladigan khong wong yai'dan farqli o'laroq).
  4. 1 poengmang hok (เปิงมาง คอก) yoki hok poeng (คอก เปิง) - Dushanba qafas shaklidagi ramkaga o'rnatilgan barabanlar.
  5. ching, chap va khong mong

Pifat mon xrueang khu

Vong piphat mon khrueang khu (Tailandcha: วง ปี่พาทย์ มอญ เครื่อง คู่, Tailandcha talaffuz: [woŋ pìːpʰâːt mɔːn kʰrɯ̂əŋ kʰûː]) qo'shish orqali tartibga solingan ranat thum va khong mon wong lek uchun piphat mon khrueang ha.

Pifat mon xrueang yai

Vong piphat mon khrueang yai (Tailandcha: วง ปี่พาทย์ มอญ เครื่อง ใหญ่, Tailandcha talaffuz: [woŋ pìːpʰâːt mɔːn kʰrɯ̂əŋ jàj]) qo'shish orqali tartibga solingan ranat ek lek va ranat thum lek uchun piphat mon khrueang khu.

The piphat mon ansambl odatda dafn marosimlarida ishlatiladi, ammo u boshqa tadbirlarda ham ishlatilishi mumkin.

The pipat ansamblni. bilan aralashtirish mumkin xrueang sayi deb nomlangan yangi ansamblni yaratish uchun ansambl khrueang sai prasom piphat (เครื่องสาย ประสม ปี่พาทย์ yoki เครื่องสาย ผสม ปี่พาทย์).

Shunga o'xshash ansambllar

Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoda keng tarqalgan gong-chim musiqasining uchta asosiy mahalliy janrlari quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi gamelan g'arbiy Indoneziya; The kulintang janubiy Filippin, sharqiy Indoneziya va sharqiy Malayziya; va pipat Tailand, Kambodja, Laos va hsaing kutish Birma.

The Kambodja ga teng pipat deyiladi pinpeat. The Myanma ga teng pipat sifatida tanilgan hsaing kutish. Asboblar Pifhat Monga juda o'xshashdir, bu umumiy kelib chiqishni bildiradi.

Gong-chime ansambllari Indoneziyadagi Gamelan va Filippindagi Kulintang kabi Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoning boshqa davlatlarida ham uchraydi.

Gong-chime ansambllarini ham topish mumkin Vetnam, ular endi etnik Vetnamda o'ynamasalar ham, ular hanuzgacha mahalliy xalqlar orasida o'ynashgan Gong madaniyati maydoni, shuningdek, orasida Muong xalqi va Odamlar.

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Miller, Terri; Uilyams, Shon (2011-03-17). Janubi-sharqiy Osiyo musiqasining Garland qo'llanmasi. Yo'nalish. ISBN  978-1-135-90155-4.
  2. ^ Shahriari, Endryu C. (2006). Khon Muang musiqa va raqsi: Shimoliy Tailand an'analari. Oq Lotus Press. ISBN  978-974-480-077-0.
  3. ^ Jamiyat, Siam (1939). Siam Jamiyati jurnali.
  4. ^ http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/1123237/

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