Ajoyib hikoyalar - Amazing Stories
Ajoyib hikoyalar bu Amerika ilmiy fantastika jurnali tomonidan 1926 yil aprelda boshlangan Ugo Gernsbek "s Experimenter Publishing. Bu faqat bag'ishlangan birinchi jurnal edi ilmiy fantastika. Ilmiy-fantastik hikoyalar boshqa jurnallarda, shu jumladan Gernsback tomonidan nashr etilgan ba'zi jurnallarda muntazam ravishda paydo bo'lgan, ammo Ajoyib ning yangi janrini aniqlashga va ishga tushirishga yordam berdi jinoiy asar.
2018 yildan boshlab, Ajoyib To'qson ikki yil davomida ba'zi bir uzilishlar bilan nashr etilgan, yarim daromad egasi va ko'plab muharrirlardan o'tgan, chunki u foyda keltirishi uchun kurashgan. 1929 yilda Gernsback bankrotlikka uchradi va jurnal ustidan nazoratni yo'qotdi. 1938 yilda uni sotib oldi Ziff-Devis, kim yollagan Raymond A. Palmer muharriri sifatida. Palmer jurnalni muvaffaqiyatli qildi, ammo u ilmiy fantastika jamiyatida sifatli jurnal sifatida qaralmadi. 1940-yillarning oxirlarida Ajoyib haqidagi faktlar sifatida taqdim etilgan Shaver sirlari, baxtsiz hodisalar va falokatlarni deros nomli robotlarning ishi deb tushuntirgan, bu muomalani keskin ko'payishiga olib kelgan, ammo keng miqyosda masxara qilingan. Ajoyib a ga o'tdi hazm qilish hajmi 1953 yilda, pulpa-jurnallar davri tugashidan biroz oldin. U 1965 yilda Sol Koenning Universal nashriyot kompaniyasiga sotilgan bo'lib, u uni qayta nashr etilgan hikoyalar bilan to'ldirgan, ammo mualliflarga qayta nashr uchun to'lov to'lamagan va yangi tashkil topganlar bilan ziddiyatga sabab bo'lgan. Amerikaning ilmiy fantastika yozuvchilari. Ted Uayt 1969 yilda muharrir sifatida ish olib, qayta nashrlarni yo'q qildi va jurnalni yana hurmat qildi: Ajoyib nufuzli nomzodga ko'rsatildi Ugo mukofoti 1970-yillarda uning faoliyati davomida uch marta. Keyingi o'n yilliklar ichida bir nechta boshqa egalar jurnalning zamonaviy qiyofasini yaratishga urinishgan, ammo nashr 2005 yil mart oyidagi sonidan keyin to'xtatilgan. Yangi mujassamlanish 2012 yil iyul oyida onlayn jurnal sifatida paydo bo'ldi. Bosmaxona nashri 2018 yil kuzi bilan qayta tiklandi.
Gernsbackning dastlabki tahririyati yondashuvni ko'ngil ochish bilan aralashtirish edi; u ilmiy fantastika o'quvchilarni tarbiyalashi mumkinligiga ishongan. Uning auditoriyasi tezda aql bovar qilmaydigan sarguzashtlarni afzal ko'rdi va Gernsback idealizmidan uzoqlashish 1929 yilda jurnal qo'lini almashtirganda tezlashdi. Shunga qaramay, Gernsback bu sohaga juda katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi: ilmiy fantastika uchun maxsus jurnalning yaratilishi butun hayotni keltirib chiqardi. janr nashriyoti. In harf ustunlari Ajoyib, bu erda muxlislar bir-biri bilan aloqa qilishlari mumkin edi, fantastika fantastika shakllanishiga olib keldi va bu o'z navbatida maydonning rivojlanishiga kuchli ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Birinchi hikoyasi jurnalda chop etilgan yozuvchilar orasida Jon V. Kempbell, Ishoq Asimov, Xovard tez, Ursula K. Le Gvin, Rojer Zelazniy va Tomas M. Disch. Umuman olganda, Ajoyib o'zi kamdan-kam 1920-yillardan keyin janrdagi ta'sirchan jurnal edi. Ba'zi tanqidchilar ilmiy fantastikani "gettoizatsiya qilish" bilan Gernsbek uning adabiy o'sishiga ziyon etkazgan deb izohladilar, ammo bu nuqtai nazardan ilmiy fantastika o'zining potentsialiga erishish uchun mustaqil bozor rivojlanishi kerakligi haqidagi fikrlar qarshi chiqdi.
Kelib chiqishi
19-asrning oxiriga kelib ilmiy ixtirolarga asoslangan hikoyalar va kelajakdagi hikoyalar mashhur badiiy jurnallarda muntazam ravishda paydo bo'ldi. Qisqa hikoyalar bozori o'z an'analariga ko'ra ixtiro ertaklarini berib yubordi Jyul Vern.[1] Kabi jurnallar Munsining jurnali va Argosy, mos ravishda 1889 va 1896 yillarda boshlangan, har yili bir nechta ilmiy fantastika hikoyalarini olib borgan. Kabi ba'zi bir zamonaviy "silliq" jurnallar McClure's Yaxshi to'lanadigan va ko'proq adabiy auditoriyaga yo'naltirilgan, shuningdek, ilmiy hikoyalarni olib borgan, ammo 20-asrning dastlabki yillarida ilmiy fantastika (garchi u hali bunday deb nomlanmagan bo'lsa ham) pulpa jurnallari tilimlarga qaraganda.[2][3][4]
1908 yilda Ugo Gernsbek birinchi sonini nashr etdi Zamonaviy elektrotexnika, ilmiy qiziquvchiga qaratilgan jurnal. Bu darhol muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va Gernsback "Saturnda simsiz" (1908 yil dekabr) kabi ilm-fanning xayoliy maqsadlariga oid maqolalarini qo'shishni boshladi.[5] 1911 yil aprelda Gernsbek o'zining ilmiy-fantastik romanini seriyalashga kirishdi, Ralph 124C 41+, ammo 1913 yilda u jurnalga bo'lgan qiziqishini sherigiga sotib yubordi va yangi jurnalni chiqardi, Elektr eksperimentatori, tez orada ilmiy fantastika nashr etila boshladi. 1920 yilda Gernsback jurnalni qayta nomladi Ilm va ixtirova 20-yillarning 20-yillari boshlarida u ilmiy bo'lmagan ilmiy maqolalar bilan bir qatorda uning sahifalarida ko'plab ilmiy fantastika nashr etdi.[6]
Gernsback nomli yana bir jurnalni boshlagan edi Amaliy elektr 1921 yilda 1924 yilda u o'z nomini o'zgartirdi Eksperimentator,[7] ilmiy fantastikaga bag'ishlangan jurnalning paydo bo'lish imkoniyatiga qiziqish bildirish uchun 25000 kishiga xat yubordi; uning so'zlariga ko'ra, "javob shunday edi, bu g'oya ikki yilga berildi".[8] Biroq, 1926 yilda u davom etishga qaror qildi va nashr etishni to'xtatdi Eksperimentator yangi jurnal uchun nashr etish jadvalidan joy ajratish. Muharriri Eksperimentator, T. O'Konor Sloan, muharriri bo'ldi Ajoyib hikoyalar. Birinchi nashr 1926 yil 10 martda chiqdi, 1926 yil aprelda qopqoq sana berildi.[7]
Nashriyot tarixi
1920-yillar
| Yanvar | Fevral | Mar | Aprel | May | Iyun | Iyul | Avgust | Sentyabr | Oktyabr | Noyabr | Dekabr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1926 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/3 | 1/4 | 1/5 | 1/6 | 1/7 | 1/8 | 1/9 | |||
| 1927 | 1/10 | 1/11 | 1/12 | 2/1 | 2/2 | 2/3 | 2/4 | 2/5 | 2/6 | 2/7 | 2/8 | 2/9 |
| 1928 | 2/10 | 2/11 | 2/12 | 3/1 | 3/2 | 3/3 | 3/4 | 3/5 | 3/6 | 3/7 | 3/8 | 3/9 |
| 1929 | 3/10 | 3/11 | 3/12 | 4/1 | 4/2 | 4/3 | 4/4 | 4/5 | 4/6 | 4/7 | 4/8 | 4/9 |
| 1930 | 4/10 | 4/11 | 4/12 | 5/1 | 5/2 | 5/3 | 5/4 | 5/5 | 5/6 | 5/7 | 5/8 | 5/9 |
| 1931 | 5/10 | 5/11 | 5/12 | 6/1 | 6/2 | 6/3 | 6/4 | 6/5 | 6/6 | 6/7 | 6/8 | 6/9 |
| 1932 | 6/10 | 6/11 | 6/12 | 7/1 | 7/2 | 7/3 | 7/4 | 7/5 | 7/6 | 7/7 | 7/8 | 7/9 |
| 1933 | 7/10 | 7/11 | 7/12 | 8/1 | 8/2 | 8/3 | 8/4 | 8/5 | 8/6 | 8/7 | 8/8 | |
| 1934 | 8/9 | 8/10 | 8/11 | 8/12 | 9/1 | 9/2 | 9/3 | 9/4 | 9/5 | 9/6 | 9/7 | 9/8 |
| 1935 | 9/9 | 9/10 | 9/11 | 10/1 | 10/2 | 10/3 | 10/4 | 10/5 | 10/6 | 10/7 | ||
| 1936 | 10/8 | 10/9 | 10/10 | 10/11 | 10/12 | 10/13 | ||||||
| 1937 | 11/1 | 11/2 | 11/3 | 11/4 | 11/5 | 11/6 | ||||||
| 1938 | 12/1 | 12/2 | 12/3 | 12/4 | 12/5 | 12/6 | 12/7 | |||||
| 1939 | 13/1 | 13/2 | 13/3 | 13/4 | 13/5 | 13/6 | 13/7 | 13/8 | 13/9 | 13/10 | 13/11 | 13/12 |
| Masalalari Ajoyib 1939 yilgacha, hajm va nashr raqamlarini aniqlab, ko'rsatib beradi muharrirlar: Gernsback (sariq), Linch (qizil), Sloan (ko'k) va Palmer (binafsha rang) | ||||||||||||
Dastlab jurnal qayta nashrga e'tibor qaratdi; birinchi asl hikoya "Atomdan chiqqan odam (Davom)"tomonidanG. Peyton Vertenbaker 1926 yil may sonida.[9]Avgust oyidagi nashrda yangi hikoyalar (hali ham ozchilik) tarkibida yulduzcha bilan qayd etilgan.[10]Tahririyat ishi asosan Sloan tomonidan amalga oshirildi, ammo Gernsback badiiy tarkib bo'yicha so'nggi so'zni saqlab qoldi. Ikki maslahatchi, Konrad A. Brandt va Uilbur C. Uaytxed, yollash uchun qayta nashr etish uchun badiiy adabiyotlarni topishda yordam berishdi. Frank R. Pol 1914 yildayoq Gernsback bilan ishlagan, muqovada rassom bo'ldi; Pavlus badiiy adabiyot uchun ko'plab rasmlarni yaratgan Elektr eksperimentatori. Ajoyib katta hajmda chiqarildi choyshab formati, 8,5 × 11,75 dyuym (216 × 298 mm), texnik jurnallar bilan bir xil o'lchamda.[7] Bu darhol muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va keyingi martga kelib 150 ming nusxada nashr etildi.[11]Gernsback "ilmiy ish" ga qiziqadigan o'quvchilarning borligini ko'rdi ("ilmiy fantastika" atamasi hali ishlab chiqilmagan) va 1927 yilda munozaralar bo'limini boshladi[12] va chiqarilgan Ajoyib hikoyalar har yili. Yillik sotildi va 1928 yil yanvar oyida Gernsback har chorakda bir jurnal chiqardi, Har chorakda ajoyib hikoyalar uchun doimiy sherik sifatida Ajoyib. U 22 sonli muntazam jadval bo'yicha davom etdi.[13][14]Gernsbek mualliflari va kreditorlariga pul to'lashga shoshilmay; sarmoyalari hajmi uning likvidligini cheklab qo'ydi. 1929 yil 20-fevralda uning printer va qog'oz etkazib beruvchisi unga qarshi bankrotlik ishini boshladi.[15][16] Taklif qilingan Bernar Makfadden, boshqa bir jurnal noshiri, bankrotlikka majbur qilish uchun manevr qildi, chunki Gernsback o'z unvonlarini Makfaddenga sotmaydi, ammo bu isbotlanmagan.[17][18] Experimenter Publishing hech qanday mudofaa ariza bermagan va 1929 yil 6 martda sukut bo'yicha bankrot deb e'lon qilingan; Ajoyib mavjud xodimlari bilan omon qoldi, lekin Gyugo va uning ukasi Sidni rejissyor sifatida majburan chiqarib yuborildi. Artur X. Linch bosh muharrir sifatida ish olib borgan bo'lsa-da, Sloan jurnal tarkibini samarali nazorat qilishda davom etdi. Qabul qiluvchilar, Irving Trust, 1929 yil 3-aprelda jurnalni Bergan A. Mackinnonga sotdilar.[16][19][20]
1930-yillar
1931 yil avgustda, Ajoyib Bernarr Macfaddenning sho'ba korxonasi bo'lgan Teck Publications tomonidan sotib olingan Macfadden nashrlari.[21][22] Makfaddenning chuqur cho'ntaklari izolyatsiya qilishga yordam berdi Ajoyib sabab bo'lgan moliyaviy qiyinchiliklardan Katta depressiya.[23] Ning jadvali Har chorakda ajoyib hikoyalar siljiy boshladi, ammo Ajoyib 1930-yillarning boshlarida biron bir masalani o'tkazib yubormadi.[14] Biroq, keyingi bir necha yil ichida nashr etish foydasiz bo'lib qoldi. 1934 yilda tiraj 25000 dan ozroqqa tushdi va 1935 yil oktyabrda u ikki oylik jadvalga o'tdi.[24][25]
1938 yilga kelib Ajoyib"Teck Publications" ning tiraji atigi 15000 tagacha, moliyaviy muammolarga duch keldi.[24] 1938 yil yanvar oyida Ziff-Devis jurnalni egallab oldi va ko'p o'tmay ishlab chiqarishni Chikagoga ko'chirdi;[26] aprel soni Sloane tomonidan yig'ilgan, ammo Ziff-Devis tomonidan nashr etilgan. Bernard Devis, Ziff-Devisning tahririyat bo'limini boshqargan, yollashga harakat qilgan Rojer Sherman Xoar muharrir sifatida; Xoar ishni rad etdi, ammo taklif qildi Raymond A. Palmer, mahalliy fantastika fanati. Palmer o'sha fevral oyida ishga qabul qilindi, 1938 yil iyun sonida tahririyat vazifalarini o'z zimmasiga oldi.[24] Ziff-Devis ishga tushirildi Fantastik sarguzashtlar, hayoliy hamroh Ajoyib, 1939 yil may oyida, shuningdek Palmer muharrirligi ostida.[27] Palmer tezda yaxshilanishga muvaffaq bo'ldi Ajoyib 1938 yil noyabrda jurnal yana oylik chiqardi, ammo bu Palmer davrida davom etmadi: 1944-1946 yillarda jurnal ikki oyda bir marta, so'ngra chorakda bir muncha vaqt davom etib, uzoq muddatli oylik jadvaliga qaytdi.[14][28]
1940-yillar
| Yanvar | Fevral | Mar | Aprel | May | Iyun | Iyul | Avgust | Sentyabr | Oktyabr | Noyabr | Dekabr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 14/1 | 14/2 | 14/3 | 14/4 | 14/5 | 14/6 | 14/7 | 14/8 | 14/9 | 14/10 | 14/11 | 14/12 |
| 1941 | 15/1 | 15/2 | 15/3 | 15/4 | 15/5 | 15/6 | 15/7 | 15/8 | 15/9 | 15/10 | 15/11 | 15/12 |
| 1942 | 16/1 | 16/2 | 16/3 | 16/4 | 16/5 | 16/6 | 16/7 | 16/8 | 16/9 | 16/10 | 16/11 | 16/12 |
| 1943 | 17/1 | 17/2 | 17/3 | 17/4 | 17/5 | 17/6 | 17/7 | 17/8 | 17/9 | 17/10 | ||
| 1944 | 18/1 | 18/2 | 18/3 | 18/4 | 18/5 | |||||||
| 1945 | 19/1 | 19/2 | 19/3 | 19/4 | ||||||||
| 1946 | 20/1 | 20/2 | 20/3 | 20/4 | 20/5 | 20/6 | 20/7 | 20/8 | 20/9 | |||
| 1947 | 21/1 | 21/2 | 21/3 | 21/4 | 21/5 | 21/6 | 21/7 | 21/8 | 21/9 | 21/10 | 21/11 | 21/12 |
| 1948 | 22/1 | 22/2 | 22/3 | 22/4 | 22/5 | 22/6 | 22/7 | 22/8 | 22/9 | 22/10 | 22/11 | 22/12 |
| 1949 | 23/1 | 23/2 | 23/3 | 23/4 | 23/5 | 23/6 | 23/7 | 23/8 | 23/9 | 23/10 | 23/11 | 23/12 |
| Masalalari Ajoyib 1940-yillarda, hajmi / chiqarilish raqami aniqlangan holda. Rey Palmer 1940 yillar davomida muharrir bo'lgan, shuning uchun faqat bitta rang ishlatiladi. | ||||||||||||
1943 yil sentyabrda Richard Shaver, an Ajoyib o'quvchi Palmer bilan yozishishni boshladi, u tez orada undan jurnal uchun hikoyalar yozishni iltimos qildi. Shaver bunga javoban «Esimda Lemuriya "Palmer tomonidan haqiqat va fantastika aralashmasi sifatida taqdim etilgan 1945 yil mart sonida nashr etilgan. Tarixdan oldingi tsivilizatsiyalar haqidagi voqea keskin ko'tarildi Ajoyib 's tiraji bilan nashr etildi va Palmer har bir sonida yangi Shaver hikoyasini chop etdi va 1947 yil iyun oyida butunlay Shaver Mystery-ga bag'ishlangan maxsus son bilan yakunlandi.[1-qayd][30] Ajoyib tez orada bu hikoyalar uchun masxara qildi. Tomonidan mazax qiluvchi maqola Uilyam S. Baring-Gould ning 1946 yil sentyabrdagi sonida Harperniki so'ralgan Uilyam Ziff jurnalga Shaver bilan bog'liq materiallar miqdorini cheklashini Palmerga aytish; Palmer bunga bo'ysundi, ammo uning ushbu turdagi materiallarga bo'lgan qiziqishi (va ehtimol, ishonchi) endi sezilarli bo'lib qoldi va tez orada Ziff-Devisdan ketishni rejalashtira boshladi. 1947 yilda u Klark nashrlarini yaratdi va ishga tushirdi Taqdir keyingi yil va 1949 yilda u va boshqa jurnallarni tahrirlash uchun Ziff-Devisdan iste'foga chiqdi.[31]
Xovard Braun, badiiy adabiyot yozish uchun Ziff-Devisdan ta'tilda bo'lgan, muharrir vazifasini boshlagan va Palmer ketishdan oldin to'plagan 300 ming so'z inventarini tashlash bilan boshladi.[31] Braunda harakatlanish istagi bor edi Ajoyib upmarket, va uning argumenti kuchaytirildi Street & Smith, 1949 yil yozida barcha pulpa jurnallarini yopib qo'ygan eng qadimgi va eng obro'li noshirlardan biri. Pulpalar, asosan, muvaffaqiyatga erishish natijasida o'lmoqda cho'ntak va Street & Smith o'zlarining silliq jurnallariga e'tibor berishga qaror qilishdi. Ba'zi pulpalar yana bir necha yil davomida kurashdi, ammo Braun Ziff va Devisni kelajak sliklarda ekanligiga ishontira oldi va ular uning fantastika byudjetini bir sentdan besh sentgacha shiftga ko'tarishdi. Braun ko'plab taniqli mualliflardan, shu jumladan, yangi hikoyalar va'dalarini olishga muvaffaq bo'ldi Ishoq Asimov va Teodor Sturgeon. U qo'pol masalani ishlab chiqardi[32] 1950 yil aprel oyida va yangi mujassamlashni boshlashni rejalashtirgan Ajoyib 1951 yil aprelda, birinchi nashrining 25 yilligi. Biroq, ning iqtisodiy ta'siri Koreya urushi, 1950 yil iyun oyida boshlangan, byudjetning qisqarishiga olib keldi. Rejalar bekor qilindi va Ziff-Devis bu g'oyani hech qachon tiriltirmadi.[33]
1950-yillar
| Yanvar | Fevral | Mar | Aprel | May | Iyun | Iyul | Avgust | Sentyabr | Oktyabr | Noyabr | Dekabr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 24/1 | 24/2 | 24/3 | 24/4 | 24/5 | 24/6 | 24/7 | 24/8 | 24/9 | 24/10 | 24/11 | 24/12 |
| 1951 | 25/1 | 25/2 | 25/3 | 25/4 | 25/5 | 25/6 | 25/7 | 25/8 | 25/9 | 25/10 | 25/11 | 25/12 |
| 1952 | 26/1 | 26/2 | 26/3 | 26/4 | 26/5 | 26/6 | 26/7 | 26/8 | 26/9 | 26/10 | 26/11 | 26/12 |
| 1953 | 27/1 | 27/2 | 27/3 | 27/4 | 27/5 | 27/6 | 27/7 | 27/8 | ||||
| 1954 | 27/8 | 28/1 | 28/2 | 28/3 | 28/4 | 28/5 | ||||||
| 1955 | 29/1 | 29/2 | 29/3 | 29/4 | 29/5 | 29/6 | 29/7 | |||||
| 1956 | 30/1 | 30/2 | 30/3 | 30/4 | 30/5 | 30/6 | 30/7 | 30/8 | 30/9 | 30/10 | 30/11 | 30/12 |
| 1957 | 31/1 | 31/2 | 31/3 | 31/4 | 31/5 | 31/6 | 31/7 | 31/8 | 31/9 | 31/10 | 31/11 | 31/12 |
| 1958 | 32/1 | 32/2 | 32/3 | 32/4 | 32/5 | 32/6 | 32/7 | 32/8 | 32/9 | 32/10 | 32/11 | 32/12 |
| 1959 | 33/1 | 33/2 | 33/3 | 33/4 | 33/5 | 33/6 | 33/7 | 33/8 | 33/9 | 33/10 | 33/11 | 33/12 |
| Masalalari Ajoyib 1950-yillarda, hajm va raqamlarni aniqlash va ko'rsatuvchi muharrirlar: Braun (yashil), Feman (to'q sariq) va Goldsmith (to'q sariq) | ||||||||||||
Braunning qiziqishi Ajoyib uni silliq jurnalga aylantirish loyihasi bekor qilinganida rad etdi. Garchi u aloqada bo'lgan bo'lsa Fantastik sarguzashtlar, boshqa Ziff-Devis jurnali, u tahrirlash ishini tark etdi Ajoyib ga Uilyam Xemling va Lila Shaffer. 1950 yil dekabrda, Ziff-Devis o'z ofislarini Chikagodan Nyu-Yorkka ko'chirganda, Xamling Chikagoda qoldi va Braun jurnal bilan aloqasini tikladi.[34]
1952 yilda Braun Ziff-Devisni yuqori sifatli dayjest fantaziya jurnalini sinab ko'rishga ishontirdi. Fantastik, o'sha yilning yozida paydo bo'lgan, qaratilgan xayol ilmiy fantastika o'rniga va shu qadar muvaffaqiyatli bo'lganki, u Ziff-Devisni almashtirishga ko'ndirdi Ajoyib pulpa formatidan hazm qilish uchun 1953 yil boshida (shuningdek, ikki oylik jadvalga o'tish paytida). Biroq, tiraj pasayib ketdi va keyinchalik byudjetni qisqartirish ikkalasida ham hikoya sifatini chekladi Ajoyib va Fantastik. Fantastik fantastika bilan bir qatorda fantastika ham chop eta boshladi. Natijada tiraj ko'payib ketdi, ammo ilmiy fantastika ixlosmandi bo'lmagan Braun yana jurnallarga qiziqishni yo'qotdi.[35]
Pol V. Fechan Braunni 1956 yil sentyabr oyida muharrir sifatida almashtirdi.[36][37] Fermerning ish boshida Bernard Devis sherik roman turkumini nashr etishga urinib ko'rdi. Ajoyib hikoyalar Ilmiy fantastika romanlari. O'quvchilarning xatlari Ajoyib romanlarga bo'lgan istagini bildirgan edi Ajoyib yugurish uchun joy yo'q edi. Roman seriyasi davom etmadi; faqat bitta, Genri Slesar "s Yerga 20 million milyapaydo bo'ldi. Biroq, o'quvchilarning uzoqroq badiiy adabiyotga bo'lgan qiziqishiga javoban Ziff-Devis kengayib ketdi Ajoyib 1958 yil mart sonidan boshlab 16 sahifaga va jurnal to'liq romanlarni nashr eta boshladi.[36]
Usta tahrirlash uchun jo'nab ketdi Ellery Queen's Mystery jurnali 1958 yil oxirida va uning o'rnini egalladi Cele Goldsmith. Goldsmit 1955 yilda kotib sifatida ishga qabul qilingan va Ziff-Devis ikkita qisqa umrlik jurnalni chiqarganida yaratilgan qo'shimcha ishlarni bajarishda yordam berish uchun muharrir yordamchisiga aylangan, Dream World va Qalam Pals, 1956 yilda. Ziff-Devis Goldsmitning muharrirlik qobiliyatiga amin emas edi, shuning uchun Feman ketganidan keyin u bilan ishlash uchun maslahatchi Norman Lobsenz yollandi. Ammo u yaxshi o'ynadi va Lobsenzning ishtiroki tez orada minimal darajaga etdi.[38]
1960-yillar
| Yanvar | Fevral | Mar | Aprel | May | Iyun | Iyul | Avgust | Sentyabr | Oktyabr | Noyabr | Dekabr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 34/1 | 34/2 | 34/3 | 34/4 | 34/5 | 34/6 | 34/7 | 34/8 | 34/9 | 34/10 | 34/11 | 34/12 |
| 1961 | 35/1 | 35/2 | 35/3 | 35/4 | 35/5 | 35/6 | 35/7 | 35/8 | 35/9 | 35/10 | 35/11 | 35/12 |
| 1962 | 36/1 | 36/2 | 36/3 | 36/4 | 36/5 | 36/6 | 36/7 | 36/8 | 36/9 | 36/10 | 36/11 | 36/12 |
| 1963 | 37/1 | 37/2 | 37/3 | 37/4 | 37/5 | 37/6 | 37/7 | 37/8 | 37/9 | 37/10 | 37/11 | 37/12 |
| 1964 | 38/1 | 38/2 | 38/3 | 38/4 | 38/5 | 38/6 | 38/7 | 38/8 | 38/9 | 38/10 | 38/11 | 38/12 |
| 1965 | 39/1 | 39/2 | 39/3 | 39/4 | 39/5 | 39/6 | 40/1 | 40/2 | 40/3 | |||
| 1966 | 40/4 | 40/5 | 40/6 | 40/7 | 40/8 | 40/9 | ||||||
| 1967 | 40/10 | 41/1 | 41/2 | 41/3 | 41/4 | 41/5 | ||||||
| 1968 | 41/6 | 42/1 | 42/2 | 42/3 | 42/4 | |||||||
| 1969 | 42/5 | 42/6 | 43/1 | 43/2 | 43/3 | 43/4 | ||||||
| Masalalari Ajoyib 1960-yillarda, hajm va nashr raqamlarini aniqlash va ko'rsatib berish muharrirlar: Goldsmith (Lalli) (to'q sariq), Wrzos (binafsha), Harrison (yashil), Malzberg (sariq) va oq (ko'k) | ||||||||||||
Goldsmitni fantastika tarixchilari o'zining yangiliklari va yozuvchilarning dastlabki ijodiga bergan ta'siri uchun yaxshi baholaydilar. Ursula K. Le Gvin va Rojer Zelazniy,[38] ammo uning muomalasi paytida muomalasi orqada qoldi. 1964 yilga kelib Ajoyib "s ning muomalasi 27000 gacha tushdi, bilan Ajoyib bir oz yaxshiroq qilish. Keyingi mart oyida ham Ajoyib va Fantastik tomonidan boshqariladigan Ultimate Publishing Company kompaniyasiga sotilgan Sol Koen va Artur Bernxard.[39][40] Goldsmitga jurnallar bilan borish yoki Ziff-Devis bilan qolish huquqi berildi; u qoldi va Koen yollandi Jozef Vrzos 1965 yil avgust va sentyabr oylaridan boshlab jurnallarni tahrirlash Ajoyib va Fantastiknavbati bilan. Wrzos "Jozef Ross" nomini ishlatgan mastheadlar noto'g'ri yozilmaslik uchun.[40] Ikkala jurnal ham darhol ikki oylik jadvalga o'tdi.[41][42]
Koen jurnallarning orqa nashrlarida qayta nashr etish huquqini qo'lga kiritgan edi, ammo Wrzos Koenni har sonda bitta yangi hikoyani chop etishga rozilik bergan. Koen, shuningdek, qayta nashr etiladigan jurnallarni ishlab chiqarardi Ajoyib ilmiy fantastika va Ilmiy fantastika klassikalari, ammo ushbu qayta nashrlarning birortasi uchun mualliflarga hech qanday to'lov amalga oshirilmagan. Bu Koenni ziddiyatga olib keldi Amerikaning ilmiy fantastika yozuvchilari (SFWA), 1965 yilda tashkil etilgan professional yozuvchilar tashkiloti. Tez orada SFWA, Koen to'lovlarni amalga oshirishga rozi bo'lmaguncha, Ultimate jurnallarini boykot qilishga chaqirdi. Koen barcha hikoyalar uchun bir tekis haq to'lashga rozi bo'ldi, so'ngra 1967 yil avgustida bu hikoyaning uzunligiga qarab, darajani o'zgartirgan.[43] Garri Xarrison Koenning SFWA bilan muzokaralarida vositachi sifatida ish olib borgan va 1967 yilda Vrzos ketgach, Koen Xarrisondan bu lavozimni egallashini so'ragan. SF Impulse, Harrison tahrir qilgan 1967 yil fevralida buklangan edi, shuning uchun Harrison mavjud edi. U Cohenning qayta nashr qilingan hikoyalardan boshqa deyarli hech narsani chop etish siyosati yil oxiriga qadar bekor qilinishi to'g'risida kelishuvni ta'minladi va 1967 yil sentyabrdagi son bilan muharrir sifatida ish boshladi.[43]
1968 yil fevralga kelib, Harrison ketishga qaror qildi, chunki Koenda qayta nashrlardan voz kechish alomatlari yo'q edi. U iste'foga chiqdi va taklif qildi Barri Malzberg mumkin bo'lgan voris sifatida Koenga. Koen Malzbergni ish joyidan tanidi Scott Meredith Adabiy agentligi va u qayta nashr etish siyosatini davom ettirish uchun Garrisondan ko'ra qulayroq bo'lishi mumkin deb o'ylardi. Malzberg 1968 yil aprel oyida o'z lavozimini egallab oldi, ammo darhol qayta nashr etilganligi sababli Koen bilan ziddiyatga tushdi va keyin 1968 yil oktyabr oyida Malzbergning muqovasi uchun buyurtma qilingan badiiy asar haqidagi kelishmovchilik tufayli iste'foga chiqishga tahdid qildi. Koen bog'landi Robert Silverberg, keyin SFWA prezidenti va unga (yolg'on) Malzbergning aslida iste'foga chiqqanligini aytdi. Silverberg tavsiya qiladi Ted Uayt o'rnini bosuvchi sifatida. Koen Uaytning kelishuvini ta'minladi va keyin Malzbergni ishdan bo'shatdi; Uayt 1969 yil may oyidagi nashrni o'z qo'liga oldi.[43]
1970-yillar
| Yanvar | Fevral | Mar | Aprel | May | Iyun | Iyul | Avgust | Sentyabr | Oktyabr | Noyabr | Dekabr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 43/5 | 43/6 | 44/1 | 44/2 | 44/3 | 44/4 | ||||||
| 1971 | 44/5 | 44/6 | 45/1 | 45/2 | 45/3 | 45/4 | ||||||
| 1972 | 45/5 | 45/6 | 46/1 | 46/2 | 46/3 | 46/4 | ||||||
| 1973 | 46/5 | 46/6 | 47/1 | 47/2 | 47/3 | 47/4 | ||||||
| 1974 | 47/5 | 47/6 | 48/1 | 48/2 | 48/3 | 48/4 | ||||||
| 1975 | 48/5 | 48/6 | 49/1 | 49/2 | 49/3 | |||||||
| 1976 | 49/4 | 49/5 | 50/1 | 50/2 | 50/3 | |||||||
| 1977 | 50/4 | 50/5 | 51/1 | |||||||||
| 1978 | 51/2 | 51/3 | 51/4 | 52/1 | ||||||||
| 1979 | 52/2 | 52/3 | 52/4 | 27/5 | ||||||||
| Masalalari Ajoyib 1970-yillarda, hajm va raqamlarni aniqlash va ko'rsatuvchi tahrirlovchilar: Oq (ko'k) va Mavor (pushti). Aftidan xato 1979 yil noyabr oyidagi jildning raqamlanishi aslida to'g'ri ko'rsatilgan. | ||||||||||||
Oq muharrir sifatida ish boshlaganida, Ajoyib 'tiraji taxminan 38,500 tani tashkil qildi, ularning atigi 4% obunachilar edi (gazetalar savdosidan farqli o'laroq). Bu obuna uchun juda past ko'rsatkich edi; Analog, taqqoslash uchun, o'z oborotining taxminan 35 foizini obuna orqali sotgan. Koenning rafiqasi obuna nusxalarini pochta orqali uydan yuborgan va Koen hech qachon abonentlar sonini ko'paytirishga intilmagan, chunki bu uning rafiqasiga og'irlikni oshirishi mumkin edi.[44] Koen qo'llab-quvvatlamasligiga qaramay, Uayt tirajni ko'paytirish uchun ko'p ishladi, ammo muvaffaqiyatga erishmadi. Uning birinchi o'zgarishlaridan biri bu kamaytirish edi shrift jurnaldagi badiiy adabiyotlar sonini ko'paytirish. Buning uchun u ikkalasining narxini oshirdi Fantastik va Ajoyib 60 tsentga etdi, ammo bu muomalaga kuchli salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatdi, bu 1969 yildan 1970 yilgacha taxminan 10 foizga kamaydi.[45][46]
1972 yilda Uayt sarlavhani o'zgartirdi Ajoyib ilmiy fantastika, jurnalni "Ajablanarlisi hikoyalar" ning ba'zi bir pulpa kontseptsiyalaridan biroz uzoqlashtirish.[45] Uayt kam maosh bilan ishlagan va uning do'stlari ko'pincha qo'lyozmalarni bepul o'qishgan, ammo uning urinishlariga qaramay tiraji pasayishda davom etgan. Uayt jurnalga qo'shilgandan keyin 40 mingdan yaqin odamning nashr etilishi 1975 yil oktyabr oyida taxminan 23 mingga kamaydi. Uayt Koen tomonidan taqdim etilgan cheklangan moliyaviy yordamni davom ettirishni istamadi va 1975 yilda iste'foga chiqdi. Koen Uaytni qolishga ishontira oldi; Uayt yana bir yil qolishga va'da berdi, ammo 1978 yil oxirigacha muharrir bo'lib qoldi.[47]
Ajoyib 1975 yil noyabr oyi bilan 75 tsentdan 1,00 dollarga ko'tarildi. Jadval 1976 yilning mart oyi sonidan boshlab har chorakda o'tkazildi; Natijada, 50 yilligi nashrida 1976 yil iyun kuni qopqoq sanasi bor edi. 1977 yilda Koen buni e'lon qildi Ajoyib va Fantastik bo'lsa-da, 15000 dollar yo'qotgan edi Ajoyib 'tiraji (qariyb 26000 dona) bir necha yillar davomida bo'lgani kabi yaxshi edi. Koen jurnallarni sotib olish uchun yangi noshir izladi, ammo keyingi yilning sentyabr oyida kompaniyadagi yarim ulushini sherigi Artur Bernxardga sotib yubordi.[46][48] Uayt vaqti-vaqti bilan Koenga buni tavsiya qilgan Ajoyib qayta qurish va sarmoyadan foyda ko'radi; u xuddi o'sha takliflarni Bernxardga oktyabr oyining boshlarida aytgan edi. Uaytning so'zlariga ko'ra, Bernxard nafaqat "yo'q" demagan, balki unga keyingi soni chiqmaguncha maosh olmasligini aytgan. 1978 yil oxirida Uayt iste'foga chiqdi va qo'lidagi barcha qo'lyozmalarni o'zlarining mualliflariga, hattoki nusxasi tahrir qilingan va nashrga tayyor. Oqning ta'kidlashicha, Bernxard unga buni aytgan, ammo Bernxard buni rad etgan.[49]
1980 yildan 2000 yilgacha
| Bahor | Yoz | Kuz | Qish | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yanvar | Fevral | Mar | Aprel | May | Iyun | Iyul | Avgust | Sentyabr | Oktyabr | Noyabr | Dekabr | |
| 1980 | 27/6 | 27/7 | 27/8 | 27/9 | ||||||||
| 1981 | 27/10 | 27/11 | 27/12 | 28/1 | 28/2 | 28/3 | ||||||
| 1982 | 28/4 | 28/5 | 28/6 | 28/7 | 28/8 | |||||||
| 1983 | 28/9 | 56/5 | 57/1 | 57/2 | 57/3 | 57/4 | ||||||
| 1984 | 57/5 | 57/6 | 58/1 | 58/2 | 58/3 | 58/4 | ||||||
| 1985 | 58/5 | 58/6 | 59/1 | 59/2 | 59/3 | 60/1 | ||||||
| 1986 | 60/2 | 60/3 | 61/1 | 61/2 | 61/3 | 61/4 | ||||||
| 1987 | 61/5 | 61/6 | 62/1 | 62/2 | 62/3 | 62/4 | ||||||
| 1988 | 62/5 | 62/6 | 63/1 | 63/2 | 63/3 | 63/4 | ||||||
| 1989 | 63/5 | 63/6 | 64/1 | 64/2 | 64/3 | 64/4 | ||||||
| 1990 | 64/5 | 64/6 | 65/1 | 65/2 | 65/3 | 65/4 | ||||||
| 1991 | 65/5 | 65/6 | 66/1 | 66/2 | 66/3 | 66/4 | 66/5 | 66/6 | 66/7 | 66/8 | ||
| 1992 | 66/9 | 66/10 | 66/11 | 67/1 | 67/2 | 67/3 | 67/4 | 67/5 | 67/6 | 67/7 | 67/8 | 67/9 |
| 1993 | 67/10 | 67/11 | 67/12 | 68/1 | 68/2 | 68/3 | 68/4 | 68/5 | 68/6 | 68/7 | 68/8 | |
| 1994 | 68/9 | 69/1 | 69/2 | |||||||||
| 1995 | 69/3 | |||||||||||
| 1998 | 70/1 | 70/2 | ||||||||||
| 1999 | 70/3 | 71/1 | 71/2 | 71/3 | ||||||||
| 2000 | 71/4 | 71/5 | 72/1 | 72/2 | ||||||||
| 2004 | 73/1 | 73/2 | 73/3 | 73/4 | ||||||||
| 2005 | 74/1 | 74/2 | 74/3 | |||||||||
| 2012 | 0/1 | 0/2 | ||||||||||
| 2013 | ||||||||||||
| 2014 | 75/1 | |||||||||||
| 2018 | 76/1 | 76/2 | ||||||||||
| 2019 | 76/3 | 76/4 | 77/1 | |||||||||
| Masalalari Ajoyib 1980-yillardan boshlab hajm va raqamlarni aniqlab, va ko'rsatuvchi tahrirlovchilar: Mavor (pushti), Scithers (yashil), narx (to'q sariq), Mohan (binafsha rang), Yalpi (zaytun), Berkvits (sariq), Devidson (ko'k). 1983 yildagi toq hajmdagi raqamlash to'g'ri ko'rsatilgan. 71/5 son "Maxsus nashr" yorlig'i bilan yozilgan va bir oy yoki oy bilan belgilanmagan mavsum. 2012 yildagi raqamlash to'g'ri ko'rsatilgan. | ||||||||||||
Elinor Mavor 1979 yil boshida muharrir sifatida ish boshladi. U Bernxardda rassom sifatida va uning bir qancha jurnallarining ishlab chiqarish bo'limida ishlagan. Ajoyib. U shuningdek muharrir bo'lgan Xarajatlar bileti, restoran savdo jurnali. Mavor ilmiy-fantastik asarlarni juda yaxshi o'qigan edi, lekin u o'z vazifasini qabul qilib olgach, ilmiy fantastika jurnallari haqida hech narsa bilmas edi. U ayol fantastika jurnalining muharriri sifatida qabul qilinishiga ishonmagan, shuning uchun u dastlab ikkalasi uchun ham "Omar Gogagen" taxallusidan foydalangan. Ajoyib va Fantastik, 1980 yil oxirida uni tashlab yubordi. Tiraj pasayishda davom etdi va Bernxard Mavorening obuna diskini qabul qilish haqidagi iltimosini ko'rib chiqishni rad etdi, bu yordam berishi mumkin edi. Buning o'rniga, 1980 yil oxirida Bernxard ikkita jurnalni birlashtirishga qaror qildi. Ajoyib "so'nggi mustaqil nashr 1980 yil oktyabr edi; keyinchalik birlashtirilgan jurnal ikki oylik jadvalga qaytdi. Shu bilan birga sarlavha o'zgartirildi Ajoyib ilmiy-fantastik hikoyalar. Bernxard birlashgandan keyin Mavorning ish haqini qisqartirgan, chunki u faqat bitta jurnalga tahrir qilgan. Shunga qaramay, u yonida qoldi Ajoyib, ammo tirajning yana pasayishiga to'sqinlik qila olmadi, 1982 yilda atigi 11000 gazetalar savdosiga tushib qoldi.[50]
Birlashgandan ko'p o'tmay Bernxard nafaqaga chiqishga qaror qildi va unga yaqinlashdi Edvard Ferman, muharriri Fantaziya va ilmiy fantastika, va Djoel Devis, Devis nashrlarida, boshqalar qatorida, sotilishi mumkin bo'lgan narsalar haqida Ajoyib. Emerald City Publishing-dan Jonathan Post, Bernhard bilan shartnoma tuzganiga ishongan va arizalarni e'lon qilishni boshladi, ammo muzokaralar muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi. Bernxard ham yaqinlashdi Jorj X.Skiters, kim rad etdi, lekin Bernxard bilan aloqada bo'ldi Gari Gigaks ning TSR. 1982 yil 27 mayda TSR, Inc. savdo markalari va mualliflik huquqlarini sotib oldi Ajoyib hikoyalar.[51] Ssiters TSR tomonidan 1982 yil noyabr oyidan boshlab muharrir sifatida qabul qilingan.[50] Uning o'rnini egalladi Patrik Lyusen Prays 1986 yil sentyabrda, keyin esa Kim Mohan 1991 yil may oyida TSR nashr etishni to'xtatdi Ajoyib 1995 yil qishdagi son bilan,[52] ammo 1997 yilda, ular tomonidan sotib olinganidan ko'p o'tmay Sohil sehrgarlari,[53] jurnal yana chiqarildi, yana Mohan muharrir sifatida. Ushbu versiya atigi o'nta sonda davom etdi, ammo u 2000 yil boshida 600-sonli maxsus tantanali sonni o'z ichiga olgan edi. Lokus jurnalni tarqatish sust bo'lib tuyulganini dastlabki sharhida izohladi.[54] Sarlavha omon qololmasligini isbotladi: ushbu nashrning so'nggi soni 2000 yil yozida bo'lib o'tdi. So'ngra unvon sotib olindi Paizo nashriyoti, 2004 yil sentyabr oyida yangi oylik versiyasini chiqardi. 2005 yil fevraldagi son oxirgi bosilgan edi;[52][55] 2005 yil mart oyida nashr etilgan PDF formatida va 2006 yil mart oyida Paizo endi nashr etmasligini e'lon qildi Ajoyib.[56] 2011 yil sentyabr oyida uchun savdo belgisi Ajoyib hikoyalar Stiv Devidson tomonidan sotib olingan.[57] Ikki onlayn nashr paydo bo'ldi, 2012 yil iyul va avgust oylarida, so'ngra 2014 yilda yana biri.[58][59] Devidson bosma nashrini qayta boshladi Ajoyib hikoyalar Ira Nayman muharriri sifatida 2018 yil kuzi bilan.[60]
Tarkibi va ziyofati
Gernsback davri
Gernsbackning birinchi sonidagi tahririyati "Bu ajoyib ertaklar nafaqat o'qishni juda qiziqarli qiladi, balki ular har doim ibratlidir" deb ta'kidlagan.[61] U har doim bu hikoyalarni o'zi aytganidek "ilmiy tadqiqotlar" tarbiyaviy kuchga ega deb ishongan, ammo endi u badiiy adabiyot ko'ngil ochish bilan birga, ko'rsatma berish kerakligini ham tushungan.[62] Uning ilmiy fantastikaning ko'rsatma qiymatiga bo'lgan doimiy ishonchi jamoatchilikning pulpa jurnallariga bo'lgan umumiy munosabatiga mos kelmadi, chunki ular "axlat" edi.[63]
Ning birinchi soni Ajoyib ning seriyalashtirishdan boshlangan faqat qayta nashrlari mavjud edi Kometada yopiq, tomonidan Jyul Vern. Gernsbekning yangi yondashuviga binoan, bu Vernning ilmiy jihatdan eng kam ishongan romanlaridan biri edi. Shuningdek, kiritilgan H. G. Uells "Yangi tezlatgich ", va Edgar Allan Po "M. Valdemar ishidagi faktlar "; Gernsback uchta muallifning ham ismlarini muqovaga qo'ydi. Shuningdek, u yana uchta so'nggi hikoyani qayta nashr etdi. Ikkisi o'z jurnalidan chiqdi, Ilm va ixtiro; bular edi "Atomdan chiqqan odam "tomonidan G. Peyton Vertenbaker va ""Tashqarida" bo'lgan narsa "tomonidan Jorj Allan Angliya. Uchinchisi edi Ostin Xoll "s Erni qutqargan odam ichida paydo bo'lgan Barcha hikoyalar haftalik.[64]
1926 yil iyun oyida nashr etilgan Gernsback, 250 AQSh dollari miqdoridagi birinchi mukofot bilan illyustrator Frank R. Pol tomonidan chizilgan muqovaga mos ravishda qisqa hikoya yozish uchun tanlov e'lon qildi. Tanlovda 360 dan ortiq ariza qatnashdi, ularning ettitasi bosilib chiqdi Ajoyib. G'olib bo'ldi Kiril G. Uotts 1920-yillarning oxirida Gernsbackga yana uchta hikoyani sotgan. Yana ikkita abituriyent muvaffaqiyatli yozuvchi bo'lishga kirishdi: biri edi Kler Vinger Xarris, kimning hikoyasi "Poseydoniya taqdiri ", tanlovda uchinchi o'rinni egalladi va 1927 yil iyun oyida" Missis "tomonidan nashr etilgan. F.C. Xarris ". Boshqa taniqli ishtirokchi edi A. Hyatt Verril, bilan Ichki dunyodan ovoz1927 yil iyulda paydo bo'lgan.[13][52]
Sarlavha ostida sarlavha Muhokamalar tez orada paydo bo'ldi va 1927 yil yanvar oyi soni bilan muntazam nashrga aylandi. Ko'pgina fantastika o'quvchilari kichik jamoalarda ajralib turar edilar, xuddi shu fantastikani yoqtiradigan hech kimni bilishmaydi. Gernsbekning barcha muxbirlarining to'liq manzilini e'lon qilish odat tusiga kirganligi, xatlar ustunida muxlislarning bir-biri bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yozishmalarini ta'minlashi mumkin edi. Ilmiy fantastika uning boshlanishini harflar ustunidan izlaydi Ajoyib va uning raqobatchilari,[13][52] va ushbu sohaning bitta tarixchisi, muallif "Lester del Rey", ushbu maktub ustunining kiritilishi "fantastika tarixidagi eng muhim voqealardan biri bo'lishi mumkin" deb sharhladi.[65][2-qayd]
Birinchi yil, Ajoyib asosan qayta nashr qilingan materialni o'z ichiga olgan. Yangi va sifatli materiallarni jalb qilish juda qiyin edi va Gernsbekning mualliflariga pul to'lashda sustligi yordam bermadi. Kabi yozuvchilar H.P. Lovecraft, H.G. Uells va Myurrey Leyster hammasidan qochishdi Ajoyib chunki Gernsbek bosib chiqargan hikoyalari uchun juda uzoq vaqt to'laydi. Sekin to'lovlar, ehtimol boshqa ko'plab pulpa yozuvchilariga ma'lum edi, bu esa yuborish hajmini yanada cheklashi mumkin edi. Yangi yozuvchilar paydo bo'ldi, lekin ularning hikoyalari sifati ko'pincha zaif edi.[67]
Frederik Pol Keyinchalik Gernsback jurnalida "Gernsback o'zi yozgan hikoyalar: gadjetlarning animatsion katalogi" nashr etilgan.[68] Gernsbek o'zi jalb qilgan auditoriyani hayoliy sarguzashtlarga qaraganda ilmiy ixtiro haqidagi hikoyalarga unchalik qiziqtirmasligini aniqladi. A. Merritt "s Oy hovuzi 1927 yil may oyida seriyalashni boshlagan, erta muvaffaqiyat edi; hikoyaning ilmiy asoslari kam yoki umuman yo'q edi, lekin u juda mashhur edi Ajoyib 'O'quvchilar.[67] Hammasi Pol tomonidan chizilgan muqovalar jirkanch va balog'at yoshiga etmagan, bu ba'zi o'quvchilarni shikoyat qilishga undagan. Keyinchalik Reymond Palmer jurnalning muharriri bo'lish uchun uning do'sti sotib olishni to'xtatishga majbur bo'lganligini yozgan Ajoyib "ota-onasi muqovadagi rasmlarni yoqtirmasligi sababli".[69] Gernsback 1928 yil sentyabr oyidagi sonni yanada ehtiyotkorlik bilan sinab ko'rdi, ammo u juda kam sotildi va shuning uchun xira qopqoqlar davom etdi.[67] Sifatsiz badiiy adabiyotning bejirim san'at asarlari bilan uyg'unligi ba'zi tanqidchilarning fikriga ko'ra, Gernsbek ilmiy fantastika uchun "getto" yaratgan,[70] shuningdek, ixtisoslashgan bozorni yaratish ilmiy fantastika janr sifatida rivojlanib, etuk bo'lishiga imkon bergan deb ta'kidlangan.[71]
Uchun doimiy yozuvchilar orasida Ajoyib 1920-yillarning oxiriga kelib, o'sha paytda nufuzli va mashhur bo'lgan bir necha kishi bor edi, masalan Devid X. Keller va Stanton Koblents va ba'zilari muvaffaqiyat qozonishni davom ettirishni davom ettirishadi, eng muhimi Edvard E. Smit va Jek Uilyamson. Smitning Kosmosning Skylark 1915 yildan 1920 yilgacha yozilgan, bu seminal edi kosmik opera qachon tayyor bozor topilmadi Argosy ilmiy fantastika chop etishni to'xtatdi.[72] Smit 1927 yil aprel sonining nusxasini ko'rganida Ajoyib, uni Sloanga topshirdi va 1928 yil avgust-oktyabr oylarida paydo bo'ldi.[73] Sloan ikkinchi qism nashr etilishidan oldin uning davomini talab qilgani shunchalik muvaffaqiyatli bo'ldi.[74] Shuningdek, 1928 yil avgustdagi sonida "Armageddon - milodiy 2419 yil", tomonidan Filipp Frensis Novlan paydo bo'ldi; bu birinchi ko'rinish edi Bak Rojers bosma shaklda.[75]
Sloane, Palmer, Braun va Feman
Sloane tarkibini to'liq nazoratga oldi Ajoyib 1929 yilda Gernsbek ketganida.[76] U qo'lyozmalarga sekin munosabatda bo'lganligi uchun taniqli edi va qachon Ajablanadigan hikoyalar 1930 yil yanvarida ishga tushirildi, stavkalari yaxshiroq va tahririyati tezroq javoban, Sloanning ba'zi yozuvchilari tezda qochib ketishdi.[77] Kichkina sifat paydo bo'ldi Ajoyib Sloane davrida,[78] garchi "Yo'qotilgan mashina", dastlabki hikoya Jon Vindxem, 1932 yil aprel oyida Vindxemning Jon Beynon Xarrisning haqiqiy ismi ostida paydo bo'lgan. Jon V. Kempbell va Xovard tez birinchi hikoyalarini Sloanga sotdilar; Kempbellning "Atomlar barbod bo'lganida" 1930 yil yanvarda, Fastning "Binafsha rang g'azabi" 1932 yil oktyabrda nashr etilgan.[79][80]
1938 yilda jurnal ishlab chiqarilganidan so'ng Chikagoga ko'chib o'tgan Raymond Palmer ilmiy-fantastik ta'lim imkoniyatlariga Sloanga qaraganda kamroq qiziqqan. U jurnaldan eskapist o'yin-kulgini taqdim etishini istagan va ilmiy aniqlikka qiziqmagan. Uning "Gimme Bang-Bang" nomli ko'rsatmasi bitta pulpa yozuvchisiga o'zining yondashuvini sarhisob qiladi. Palmer Sloanning deyarli barcha to'plangan inventarizatsiyasini yo'q qildi, buning o'rniga u o'zining fantastika fanati bilan aloqalari orqali biladigan Chikagolik mahalliy yozuvchilarning hikoyalarini sotib oldi.[81][82][83] Shuningdek, u muxlislarga murojaat qilish uchun "Xat yozishmalar burchagi" va "Kollektsionerlar burchagi" kabi xususiyatlarni qo'shdi va "Mualliflar bilan tanishish" xususiyatini taqdim etdi, garchi hech bo'lmaganda taniqli muallif taxallus bilan yozilgan bo'lsa va biografik ma'lumotlar ixtiro qilingan. Tasvirlangan orqa qopqoq sinab ko'rildi va tez orada standart bo'lib qoldi.[81][84] 1939 yilda Palmer sotib oldi Ishoq Asimov birinchi sotuvi "Vestadan yugurib ketdi ".[85]
1940-yillarda bir nechta yozuvchilar o'zlarini ishonchli hissa qo'shadiganlar sifatida namoyon etishdi Ajoyib. Bularga kiritilgan Devid Rayt O'Brayen va Uilyam P. McGivern, ikkalasi ham Ziff-Devis uchun juda katta miqdorni yozdilar, ularning aksariyati ostida uy nomlari kabi Aleksandr Bleyd. Jon Rassel Fearn "Tornton Ayre" va "Polton Xoch" taxalluslaridan foydalangan holda samarali ishtirokchiga aylandi.[86] Palmer shuningdek, uzoq vaqt davomida ilmiy-fantastik yozuvchilarni qaytib kelishga undaydi, masalan, pulpa mualliflarini nashr etdi Ed Earl Repp va Eando Binder. Ushbu siyosat har doim ham ma'qullash bilan uchrashmadi Ajoyib 'Aksariyat voqealar va sarguzasht hikoyalarini afzal ko'rganiga qaramay, ba'zi dastlabki pulpa yozuvchilarining ishini qondira olmagan o'quvchilar. Garri Beyts.[87]
Birinchi Shaver Mystery hikoyasi, "Men Lemuriyani eslayman", muallifi Richard S. Shaver, 1945 yil mart oyida nashr etilgan. Shaver dunyodagi barcha baxtsiz hodisalar va ofatlarga yer osti shaharlarida yashagan qadimiy deroslar ("zararli robotlar" qisqartirilgan) poygasi sabab bo'lgan deb da'vo qilmoqda. Ikkinchi Jahon urushi oxiriga kelib, dunyodagi dardlarning bu izohi juda ta'sir qildi Ajoyib 'O'quvchilar soni. Palmer odatdagi 40 yoki 50 o'rniga 2500 dan ortiq xat oldi va har sonda Shaver haqidagi hikoyani chop etishga kirishdi. 1947 yil iyun oyidagi son butunlay Shaver Mystery-ga berildi.[88] 1948 yil mart oyidan boshlab Zaverning talabiga binoan Shaver Mystery jurnalning doimiy nashri sifatida olib tashlandi. Palmer keyingi yilni tark etdi va uning o'rnini egallagan Braun "fantastika endi boshpana uchun mas'ul bo'lmasligiga ishonch hosil qildi", fantastika tarixchisi Mayk Eshli so'zlari bilan aytganda.[89]
Braun yangi silliq versiyasini ishga tushirishni rejalashtirish jarayonida bir nechta sifatli materiallarga ega bo'ldi Ajoyibva rejadan voz kechilganda ushbu material pulpa versiyasida davom etdi. Bunga "RSVP operatsiyasi" kiritilgan H. Beam Piper va "Mamnuniyat kafolati "Isaak Asimov tomonidan. Rejalashtirilgan silliq formatga o'zgartirish bekor qilinganiga qaramay, yangiliklar yozuvchilar jamoatchiligiga etib bordi Ajoyib 'yangi yondashuv va Braun Palmer nashr eta olmaganidan ancha yaxshi materiallarni qabul qila boshladi. Mavjud bo'lgan barqaror Ajoyib kabi yozuvchilar Roj Fillips va Chester S. Geier kabi yozuvchilar bilan almashtirildi Fritz Leyber, Fredrik Braun va Klifford D. Simak. Braun shuningdek, ushbu sohada muvaffaqiyatga erishgan bir nechta yozuvchilarni topdi va birinchi hikoyalarini nashr etdi Valter M. Miller, Mak Reynolds, Jon Jeyks, Milton kamroq va Charlz Bomont, barchasi 1950 yil oxiri va 1951 yil boshlarida to'qqiz oy ichida.[90] Braun rejalashtirilgan silliq versiyaning bekor qilinishidan hafsalasi pir bo'ldi, ammo Palmerning shov-shuvli fantastika nashr etish siyosatiga ma'lum darajada qaytdi. Masalan, 1952 yilda u anonimlarni seriyalashtirdi Olamning ustasi1975 yildan 2575 yilgacha bo'lgan kelajak tarixi deb taxmin qilingan.[7]
1953 yilda hazm qilish hajmining o'zgarishi bilan Braun yana bir bor yuqori sifatli badiiy adabiyotlardan foydalanishga urindi. 1953 yil aprel-may oylariga bag'ishlangan birinchi dayjest soniga hikoyalar kiritilgan Rey Bredberi, Robert Xaynlayn, Richard Matheson, Teodor Sturgeon va Myurrey Leyster. 1953 yil davomida yanada yaxshi ko'rib chiqilgan hikoyalar, shu jumladan Artur C. Klark "Tongda uchrashish ", va Genri Kuttner "Yoki boshqa".[62] Keyinchalik byudjetni qisqartirish Braunning bu darajani ushlab tura olmasligini anglatardi.[64] 1940-yillarda bo'lgani kabi, Ajoyib tez-tez paydo bo'ladigan yozuvchilarning barqaror mavqeiga ega bo'ldi, ammo bu safar yozuvchilarning sifati ancha yuqori edi - shu jumladan Xarlan Ellison, Robert Silverberg va Rendall Garret - va oddiy yozuvchilar faqat Ziff-Devis jurnallarida chiqmaydilar. 1956 yilda Braun ketganidan keyin va Pol Fayman davrida bu holat saqlanib qoldi.[38]
Cele Goldsmith
Cele Goldsmith Muharrir sifatida ishlash juda yaxshi tanilgan ikkita yozuvchini namoyish etish imkoniyatidan boshlandi: E.E.Smit va Ishoq Asimov. Smitning Galaxy Primes 1959 yil mart oyida seriyalashni boshladi. Asimovning birinchi nashr etilgan hikoyasi "Marooned off Vesta ", had appeared in the March 1939 issue of Ajoyib, and Goldsmith reprinted it in March 1959 along with a sequel and Asimov's comments on the story. She soon began to publish some of the better new writers. Cordwainer Smit 's "Golden the Ship Was—Oh! Oh! Oh!" appeared in April; and by the middle of the following year she had managed to attract stories from Robert Shekli, Alan E. Nurse, Fritz Leyber, Gordon R. Dikson, Robert Bloch va Jeyms Blish. The changes she made were enough to bring Robert Heinlein back as a subscriber; Heinlein read a copy of the June 1961 issue, which, he said, "... caused me to think I had been missing something."[91]
In September 1960 Ajoyib began to carry Sam Moskowitz 's series of author profiles, which had begun in Fantastik, the sister magazine. The following month the cover and logo were redesigned. In April 1961, the 35th anniversary of the first issue, Goldsmith ran several reprints, including stories by Rey Bredberi va Edgar Rays Burrouz.[38] Goldsmith had little previous experience with science fiction, and bought what she liked, rather than trying to conform to a notion of what science fiction should be. The result was the debut of more significant writers in her magazines than anywhere else at that time. She published the first stories of Ursula K. Le Gvin, Rojer Zelazniy, Pirs Entoni va Tomas M. Disch, boshqalar qatorida. Award-winning stories published during Goldsmith's editorship include Zelazny's "He Who Shapes ", a story about the use of dream therapy to cure phobias. It was serialized in the January and February 1965 issues, and won a Tumanlik mukofoti, an annual award voted on by science fiction writers. Goldsmith often wrote long, helpful letters to her authors: Zelazny commented in a letter to her that "Most of anything I have learned was stimulated by those first sales, and then I learned, and possibly even learned more, from some of the later rejections". Disch and Le Guin have also acknowledged the influence Goldsmith had on their early careers.[92]
Uchun muqovasi Ajoyib had been largely supplied by Ed Valigursky during the late fifties, but during the early sixties a much wider variety of artists appeared, including Aleks Schomburg, Leo Summers va Ed Emshviller. Frank Paul, who had painted all the covers for the first few years of Ajoyib, contributed a wraparound cover for the April 1961 35th anniversary issue; this was his last cover art for a science fiction magazine.[38]
Goldsmith's open-minded approach meant that Ajoyib va Fantastik published some writers who did not fit into the other magazines. Filipp K. Dik 's sales to magazines had dropped, but his work began to appear in Ajoyib, and Goldsmith also regularly published David R. Bunch 's stories of Moderan, a world whose inhabitants were part human and part metal. Bunch, whose stories were "bewildering, exotic word pictures" according to Mike Ashley, had been unable to sell regularly elsewhere.[38]
Reprint era and Ted White
When Sol Cohen bought both Ajoyib va Fantastik in early 1965, he decided to maximize profits by filling the magazines almost entirely with reprints. Cohen had acquired second serial rights from Ziff-Davis to all stories that had been printed in both magazines, and also in the companion magazines such as Fantastik sarguzashtlar. Joseph Wrzos, the new editor, persuaded Cohen that at least one new story should appear in each issue; there was sufficient inventory left over from Goldsmith's tenure for this to be done without acquiring new material. Readers initially approved of the policy, since it made available some well-loved stories from earlier decades that had not been reprinted elsewhere.[93] Both of Wrzos's successors, Harry Harrison and Barry Malzberg, were unable to persuade Cohen to use more new fiction.[94]
When Ted White took over, it was on condition that the reprints be phased out. This took some time: for a while both Ajoyib va Fantastik continued to include one reprint every issue; with the May 1972 issue the transformation was complete, and all stories were new. As well as eliminating the reprints, White reintroduced features such as a letter column and "The Clubhouse," a fanzine review and fannish news column. He continued the book review column, and a series of science articles by Gregori Benford va David Book. White also redesigned the look of the magazine, making it, in sf historian Mike Ashley's words, "far more modern and sophisticated".[95]
White was willing to print a variety of fiction, mixing traditional stories with more experimental material that was influenced by the British Yangi to'lqin or by 1960s psixodeliya. In 1971 he serialized Ursula K. Le Gvin "s Osmon torna, about a man whose dreams can modify reality. One writer influenced by this was Jeyms Tiptri, kichik, who later wrote that "after first plowing into the first pulpy pages of the 1971 Ajoyib unda Torna came out, my toe-nails began to curl under and my spine hair stood up."[96] White's willingness to experiment led to Ajoyib running more stories with sexual content than other magazines. One such story, White's own "Growing Up Fast in the City", was criticized as pornographic by some of Amazing's readers. Other stories, such as Rich Brown's "Two of a Kind", about the violent rape of a black woman and the subsequent death of her rapists, also led to controversy. White printed more conventional fiction as well, much of it high quality. The magazine was nominated for the Ugo mukofoti (a readers' award, named for Hugo Gernsback) for best editor three times during his tenure (1970, 1971 and 1972), finishing third each time.[97]
White's ability to attract new writers suffered because of the low rates he paid: one cent per word, as compared to three or five cents per word at the leading competitive magazines. To compensate, White cultivated new writers whose experimental work was not selling elsewhere. He made a deal in 1971 with Gordon Eklund, who was hesitating to become a full-time writer because of the financial risks. White agreed to buy anything Eklund wrote, on condition that Eklund himself believed it was a good story. The result was that much of Eklund's fiction appeared in Ajoyib va Fantastik over the next few years.[98]
Amazing's reputation had been for formulaic science fiction almost since it began, but White was able to take the magazine to a higher standard than any other editor except Cele Goldsmith,[99] and gave Ajoyib a respected position in the field.[100] His successors were not able to maintain the same level of quality.[99]
After Ted White
When Elinor Mavor took over, in early 1979, she had no experience with science fiction magazines, and was unaware of the history of bad feeling within the science fiction community about the poor payments for reprinted stories. She was given an extremely limited budget to work with, and had few stories on hand to work with initially, and as a result her first issues contained several reprints. Mavor experimented in her first year with some new ideas, such as starting a story on the back cover in order to hook readers into buying the magazine to finish the story. She also began a serial story in graphic format that used reader input to continue its plot. It was not a success and "thankfully", according to Mike Ashley, the experiment was terminated after only three episodes.[50]
Over time Mavor was to some extent able to reverse the negative perceptions of Ajoyib among established authors, but she was initially forced to work primarily with newer writers. Early discoveries of hers include Maykl P. Kube-Makdauell, John E. Stith va Richard Paul Russo. In a notice published in her first issue, she asked readers for help in assembling news, reviews and fan information, and soon added columns that covered these areas. 1981 yilda Robert Silverberg began a series of opinion columns. The artwork was of high quality, including work by Stiven Fabian, va keyinchalik Devid Mattingli.[50]
After the merger with Fantastik, Mavor continued to draw well-known writers to the magazine, including Orson Scott Card, Jorj R. R. Martin va Rojer Zelazniy. Bred Linaver "s Muz oyi, which appeared in March 1982, was nominated for a Tumanlik mukofoti; Martinniki Unsound Variations, which had appeared the issue before, was nominated for both a Nebula and a Hugo award.[50]
Tarixchi Jeyms Gunn 's assessment of Ajoyib in the 1980s is that Mavor, Scithers and Price, who between them edited Ajoyib for a decade, were unable to sustain the standards established by Ted White in the 1970s.[99] Brayan Stableford, by contrast, comments that both Scithers and Price made efforts to publish good material, and that the packaging, from 1991 onwards, was perhaps the best presented of any science fiction magazine.[18]
With the Wizards of the Coast relaunch in 1998 the contents, under editor Kim Mohan, became more media-focused. The initial plan was to have two or three stories per issue based on films, TV, and games.[54][101] The 600th issue, in early 2000, included a Xarlan Ellison story, as well as a story from the 100th issue, the 200th issue, and so on, up to the 500th issue. Pamela Sargent also contributed a story.[102] The Paizo publishing relaunch, in 2004, was even more focused on media content than the Wizards of the Coast version had been, with much more movie and comics-related material than science fiction. Several well-known authors appeared in the first issue, including Harlan Ellison, Bryus Sterling va Gen Vulfe. Paizo also ran a blog for the magazine.[103][104] The fiction received positive reviews,[105] but Paizo soon put the magazine on temporary hold, and canceled it permanently the following year.[56] The title remained in limbo until Steve Davidson's online version appeared in 2012.[59]
Influence on the field
Ajoyib hikoyalar was influential simply by being the first of its kind. In the words of science fiction writer and critic Deymon ritsar, the magazine was "a snag in the stream of history, from which a V-shape spread out in dozens and then in hundreds of altered lives".[106] Many early fans of the field began to communicate with each other through the letter column, and to publish fanzinlar —amateur fan publications that helped establish connections among fans across the country. Many of these fans in turn became successful writers; and the existence of an organized science fiction fandom, and of writers such as Rey Bredberi, Artur C. Klark, and Isaac Asimov, who came to writing directly from fandom, can be dated to the creation of Ajoyib hikoyalar.[106] After the first few years, when there was little or no competition, Ajoyib hikoyalar never again led the field in the eyes of critics or fans. Despite its long history, the magazine rarely contributed much to science fiction beyond the initial creation of the genre,[107] though Gernsback himself is commemorated in the name Ugo, which is the almost universally used term for the Butunjahon ilmiy fantastika jamiyati 's annually presented Science Fiction Achievement Awards.[108][109] Gernsback has also been called the "Father of Science Fiction" for his role in creating Ajoyib hikoyalar.[110]
Nashr tafsilotlari
Tahrirlovchilar
Bibliographers do not always agree who should be listed as editor of any given issue of Ajoyib. For example, Gernsback was in control for the first three years, but Sloane performed all the editorial duties related to fiction, and he is sometimes described as the editor. Similarly, later editors were sometimes under the supervision of editorial directors. Bernard Davis held the title of "Editor" of all Ziff-Davis magazines when at that company, with the actual editing of the magazines done by respective "Managing Editors".The table below, and the charts above, generally follow the mastheads in the magazines, with short notes added. More details are given in the publishing history section, above, which focuses on when the editors involved actually obtained control of the magazine contents, instead of when their names appeared on the masthead.
- Ugo Gernsbek (April 1926 – April 1929). Sloane performed almost all the editorial duties related to fiction.[7]
- Arthur Lynch (May 1929 – October 1929). As under Gernsback, Sloane was essentially the editor during Lynch's tenure.[76]
- T. O'Konor Sloan (November 1929 – May 1938)
- Raymond A. Palmer (June 1938 – December 1949)
- Xovard Braun (January 1950 – August 1956). Fairman actually took over editorial duties with the May or June 1956 issue.[111]
- Pol V. Fechan (September 1956 – November 1958)
- Cele Goldsmith Lalli (December 1958 – June 1965). Norman Lobsenz was introduced as editor, but in fact Cele Goldsmith did all the editorial work. When she married she used her married name of Cele Lalli.[112]
- Jozef Ross (August 1965 – October 1967). A pseudonym for Joseph Wrzos.
- Harry Harrison (December 1967 – September 1968)
- Barri N. Malzberg (November 1968 – January 1969)
- Ted Uayt (March 1969 – February 1979)
- Elinor Mavor (May 1979 – September 1982). From May 1979 – August 1981 Mavor used the pseudonym Omar Gohagen; subsequently she used her real name.
- Jorj X.Skiters (November 1982 – July 1986)
- Patrick Lucien Price (September 1986 – March 1991)
- Kim Mohan (May 1991 – Winter 1995 and Summer 1998 – Summer 2000)
- Dave Gross (September 2004 – December 2004)
- Jeff Berkwits (January 2005 – March 2005)
- Steve Davidson (July 2012 – August 2018)
- Ira Nayman (August 2018 to present)
Other bibliographic details
Ajoyib began as a bedsheet format magazine and remained so until October 1933, when it switched to pulp size. With the April–May 1953 issue Ajoyib became a digest.[113] Seven issues in the early 1980s, from November 1980 to November 1981, were a half-inch taller than the regular digest size, but thereafter the magazine reverted to the standard digest format.[52] In May 1991 the magazine returned to a large format,[18] but this lasted only until the Winter 1994 issue, and the next three issues were digest-sized again. When the magazine reappeared in 1998, it was in bedsheet format and remained that size until the very end.[52] The last issue, March 2005, was distributed only as a PDF download, never as a physical magazine.[56] The volume numbering contained some irregularities: the numbering given in the tables above appears to be in error for the period from 1979 to 1983, but in fact it is given correctly in the table. Vol. 27 no. 8 was a single issue, not two, as it seems to be from the table; it was dated Dec 1953/Jan 1954.[52]
| Sanalar | Nashriyotchi |
|---|---|
| April 1926 – June 1929 | Experimenter Publishing, New York |
| July 1929 – October 1930 | Experimenter Publications, New York |
| November 1930 – September 1931 | Radio-Science Publications, New York |
| October 1931 – February 1938 | Teck Publishing Corporation, New York |
| April 1938 – February 1951 | Ziff-Davis, Chicago |
| March 1951 – June 1965 | Ziff-Davis, New York |
| August 1965 – February 1979 | Ultimate Publishing, New York |
| May 1979 – June 1982 | Ultimate Publishing, Scottsdale, Arizona |
| September 1982 – May 1985 | Dragon Publishing, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin |
| July 1985 – Winter 1995 | TSR, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin |
| September 2004 – March 2005 | Paizo Publishing, Bellevue, Washington |
| July 2012 – | Experimenter Publishing Company, Hillsboro, New Hampshire |
The title of the magazine changed several times:[52][55]
| Sanalar | Sarlavha |
|---|---|
| April 1926 – February 1958 | Ajoyib hikoyalar |
| March 1958 – April 1958 | Amazing Science Fiction |
| May 1958 – September 1960 | Amazing Science Fiction Stories |
| October 1960 – July 1970 | Ajoyib hikoyalar |
| September 1970 – February 1979 | Amazing Science Fiction Stories |
| May 1979 – August 1980 | Ajoyib hikoyalar |
| November 1980 – November 1984 | Amazing Science Fiction Stories Combined with Fantastic |
| January 1985 – March 1985 | Amazing Science Fiction Stories Combined with Fantastic Stories |
| May 1985 – January 1986 | Amazing Science Fiction Stories |
| March 1986 – March 2005 | Ajoyib hikoyalar |
| July 2012 – | Ajoyib hikoyalar |
Two different series of reprints of Ajoyib appeared in the United Kingdom. First came a single undated issue from Ziff-Davis, in November 1946. In June 1950, Thorpe & Porter began a second series that lasted until 1954, and totalled 32 issues. The Ziff-Davis issue and the first 24 issues from Thorpe & Porter were pulp-sized; the last eight were digests.[18][113] The Thorpe & Porter issues were undated, but the pulp issues were numbered from 1 to 24, and were initially bimonthly. The March 1951 issue was followed by April and November, however, and in 1952 issues appeared in February, March, April, June, July, September and November. 1953 saw nine pulp issues, omitting only March and May; and with December came the change to digest-size and a perfectly regular bimonthly schedule that lasted until February 1955. These last eight issues were numbered volume 1, numbers 1 to 8.[113] There was also a Canadian edition, which lasted for 24 issues, from September 1933 to August 1935, from Teck Publications; these were identical to the US editions except that the front covers were overprinted with "Printed in Canada on Canadian Paper". A Japanese edition ran for seven issues in mid-1950, selecting stories from Fantastik sarguzashtlar as well as from Ajoyib.[113]
From 1940 to 1943, and again from 1947 to 1951, copies of Ajoyib hikoyalar were rebound, three at a time, and resold as Amazing Stories Quarterly. A total of 27 of these issues appeared; they should not be confused with the magazine of the same name which ran from 1928 to 1934 as a companion to Ajoyib hikoyalar.[118]
Several anthologies of stories from Ajoyib have been published, including:[18][119]
| Yil | Muharrir | Sarlavha | Nashriyotchi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1967 | Jozef Ross | The Best of Amazing | Belmont Books |
| 1973 | Ted Uayt | The Best from Amazing Stories | Manor Books |
| 1985 | Isaac Asimov and Martin H. Greenberg | Amazing Stories: 60 Years of the Best Science Fiction | TSR |
| 1986 | Martin H. Greenberg | Amazing Stories: Vision of Other Worlds | TSR |
| 1987 | Martin H. Greenberg | Amazing Science Fiction Anthology: The Wonderful Years, 1926–1935 | TSR |
| 1987 | Martin H. Greenberg | Amazing Science Fiction Anthology: The War Years, 1936–1945 | TSR |
| 1987 | Martin H. Greenberg | Amazing Science Fiction Anthology: The Wild Years, 1946–1955 | TSR |
| 2014 | Jean Marie Stine and Steve Davidson | The Best of Amazing Stories: The 1926 Anthology | Futures Past Editions |
| 2014 | Jean Marie Stine and Steve Davidson | Amazing Stories Giant 35th Anniversary Edition: Best of Amazing Stories Authorized Edition | Futures Past Editions |
| 2015 | Jean Marie Stine and Steve Davidson | The Best of Amazing Stories: The 1927 Anthology | Futures Past Editions |
| 2015 | Jean Marie Stine and Steve Davidson | The Best of Amazing Stories: The 1940 Anthology | Futures Past Editions |
| 2016 | Jean Marie Stine and Steve Davidson | The Best of Amazing Stories: The 1928 Anthology | Futures Past Editions |
| 2017 | Jean Marie Stine and Steve Davidson | The Best of Amazing Stories: The 1929 Anthology | Futures Past Editions |
Media crossovers
Direktor Stiven Spilberg licensed the title for use on an American television show called Ajoyib hikoyalar that ran from 1985 to 1987.[120] 2020 yilda, a revival of the show debyut kuni Apple TV +.[121]
Between 1998 and 2000, Ajoyib hikoyalar published a series of short stories based upon the Yulduzli trek franchayzing. In 2002, these stories were reissued by Cho'ntak kitoblari in the collection Star Trek: The Amazing Stories.[122]
Shuningdek qarang
Izohlar
- ^ Palmer claimed the highest circulation of any science fiction magazine, but del Rey comments that though this may have been true, "Palmer's tendency to magnify everything about the magazine cannot be discounted."[29]
- ^ An example of one fan of the genre reaching out to others is a 1929 letter by Earl Hess of McIntyre, FL. An excerpt reads: "... my plea is for help in getting together an independent experimental station, your part to be the putting into the public view of my desire to get in touch with chaps who are of my caliber, who want the opportunity to follow their own inclinations undisturbed, and live healthily and well while doing so."[66]
Adabiyotlar
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 7.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 21–25.
- ^ Nicholls, Peter, "Pulp Magazines", in Clute & Nicholls, Encyclopedia of SF, p. 979.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, p. 155.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 28-29 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 29-35 betlar.
- ^ a b v d e Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 48-49 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 47.
- ^ "The Man From the Atom (Davom)" da sarlavha ro'yxati Internet-spekulyativ fantastika ma'lumotlar bazasi
- ^ "Table of Contents". Ajoyib hikoyalar. 1926 yil avgust. P. 385.
- ^ Hugo Gernsback (March 1927). "Idle Thought of a Busy Editor". Ajoyib hikoyalar. p. 1025.
- ^ various (January 1927). "Discussions". Ajoyib hikoyalar. p. 970.
- ^ a b v Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 51–54.
- ^ a b v Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 238.
- ^ "Business Records, Bankruptcy Proceedings". The New York Times. March 12, 1929. p. 53. "Experimenter Publishing Co., Inc., 230 Fifth Avenue – Liabilities approximately $500,000, assets not stated. Principal creditors listed are Art Color Printing Co., Dunellen, N.J., $152,908; Bulkley Dunton Co., $154,406 ..."
- ^ a b The bankruptcy is described in detail in Tom Perry, "An Amazing Story: Experiment in Bankruptcy" in Amazing Science Fiction jild 51, yo'q. 3 (May 1978), p. 161.
- ^ del Rey, World of Science Fiction, p. 47.
- ^ a b v d e Brian Stableford, "Amazing Stories", in Clute & Nicholls, Encyclopedia of SF, 25-26 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 63–64.
- ^ "To Pay 95% Of Debts In $600,000 Failure". The New York Times. April 4, 1929. p. 22.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 76.
- ^ "New Incorporations". The New York Times. July 15, 1931. p. 39. "Teck Publishing Corp. J Schultz. 522 5th Av. $10,000" Joseph Schultz was the attorney for Macfadden Publications, Inc.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 77.
- ^ a b v Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 112–116.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 85.
- ^ "Advertising News and Notes". The New York Times. January 18, 1938. p. 28. "Ziff-Davis Publishing Company, New York and Chicago, has purchased Radio News Magazine and Amazing Stories."
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 143–144-betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 119.
- ^ del Rey, World of Science Fiction, 117-118 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 178–180.
- ^ a b Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 183–185.
- ^ A dummy issue is a magazine issue produced to show to potential advertisers or for advance review. See the glossary at this publisher page: "Barking Raven Press: "Artful Publications for Artful Minds"". Barking Raven Press. Olingan 1-noyabr, 2008.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 220–225.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, p. 7.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, 48-51 betlar.
- ^ a b Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, 173–174-betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, p. 353.
- ^ a b v d e f Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, pp. 222–226.
- ^ Carlson, Walter (June 23, 1965). "Advertising: Death and Taxes and Insurance". The New York Times. p. 62." [P]urchase by the Ultimate Publishing Company, Inc., of two science-fiction magazines from Ziff-Davis Publishing Company. [Ajoyib hikoyalar va Fantastik.] ... according to Sol Cohen, president of Ultimate."
- ^ a b Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, p. 263.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, p. 321.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, p. 325.
- ^ a b v Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, 263-267 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Gateways, p. 72.
- ^ a b Eshli, Gateways, p. 74.
- ^ a b Eshli, Gateways, p. 480.
- ^ Eshli, Gateways, 84-85-betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Gateways, pp. 85–86.
- ^ Eshli, Gateways, 347-348 betlar.
- ^ a b v d e Eshli, Gateways, 348-355-betlar.
- ^ "TSR tarixi". Sohil sehrgarlari. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2008-10-04 kunlari. Olingan 2005-08-20.
- ^ a b v d e f g h men Shaxsiy muammolarni ko'rib chiqing. Qulaylik uchun onlayn indeks mavjud "Magazine: Amazing Stories – ISFDB". Texas A&M universiteti. Arxivlandi from the original on 5 July 2008. Olingan 14 iyun, 2008.
- ^ Schliesel, Seth (March 5, 2008). "Gary Gygax, Game Pioneer, Dies at 69". The New York Times.
- ^ a b "Locus Online: Profiles of September 1998 Magazines". Lokus nashrlari. Arxivlandi from the original on 29 August 2008. Olingan 20 sentyabr, 2008.
- ^ a b Miller, Stephen G.; William T. Contento. "Amazing Stories Checklist". Lokus nashrlari. Olingan 12 sentyabr, 2008.
- ^ a b v "Ajoyib hikoyalar Va Mag'lubiyatsiz Magazines Cancelled". Paizo Publishing. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2006 yil 29 martda. Olingan 2 aprel, 2006.
- ^ "Ajoyib hikoyalar Trademark Acquired". Olingan 1 oktyabr, 2011.
- ^ "Magazine Back Issues". Ajoyib hikoyalar. The Experimenter Publishing Company. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014-05-13. Olingan 2014-05-16.
- ^ a b Brooks, David (November 6, 2015). "Push to resurrect Amazing Stories". Granite Geek.
- ^ Brooks, David. "The original science fiction magazine 'Amazing Stories' back in print thanks to N.H. push". Concord Monitor. Concord Monitor. Olingan 2018-09-22.
- ^ Quoted in Ashley, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 50.
- ^ a b Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 50.
- ^ Karter, Ertangi kunning yaratilishi, p. 3.
- ^ a b Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 50–51.
- ^ del Rey, World of Science Fiction, p. 45.
- ^ Letter in Ajoyib hikoyalar, June 1928, Vol. 3, No. 3, p. 279
- ^ a b v Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 54-56 betlar.
- ^ Pohl, Frederik (October 1965). "The Day After Tomorrow". Tahririyat. Galaxy Ilmiy Fantastika. 4-7 betlar.
- ^ "Discussions", Ajoyib hikoyalar, October 1928, p. 662; quoted in Ashley, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 56.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 58.
- ^ del Rey, World of Science Fiction, p. 80.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 60.
- ^ Sanders, Smit, pp. 1 & 9; Moskowitz, Seekers, p. 15.
- ^ Moskowitz, Seekers, p. 15.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 61-62 bet.
- ^ a b Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 64.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 69.
- ^ del Rey, World of Science Fiction, p. 62.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 113.
- ^ Eshli, Gernsback Days, p. 156.
- ^ a b del Rey, World of Science Fiction, 114-115 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 112.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 116–117-betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 118-119-betlar.
- ^ John Clute & Malcolm Edwards, "Isaac Asimov", in Clute & Nicholls, Ilmiy fantastika entsiklopediyasi, p. 56.
- ^ del Rey, World of Science Fiction, p. 116.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 176–177 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 179–180.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, pp. 184–185.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, p. 225.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, pp. 222–223. The quote is from an unpublished letter from Heinlein to Goldsmith, quoted by Ashley.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, 224–225-betlar. The quote from Zelazny is from a personal letter from Zelazny to Cele Lalli (Goldsmith), dated March 20, 1965, quoted in Ashley p. 225.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, 263-264 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, 266-267 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Gateways, pp. 70–74.
- ^ Eshli, Gateways, 74-76-betlar. The quote is from Universe SF Review, September/October 1975, quoted by Ashley on p. 76.
- ^ Eshli, Gateways, 82-83-betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Gateways, 78-79 betlar.
- ^ a b v Gunn, New Encyclopedia, p. 16.
- ^ Gunn, New Encyclopedia, p. 503.
- ^ "Locus Online: SF News January 1998". Lokus nashrlari. Olingan 20 sentyabr, 2008.
- ^ "Locus Online: Magazines: December 1999". Lokus nashrlari. Olingan 20 sentyabr, 2008.
- ^ "Locus Online: New Magazines". Lokus nashrlari. August 2004. p. 1. Olingan 22 sentyabr, 2008.
- ^ "Paizo Amazing blog". Paizo Publishing. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2006 yil 9-dekabrda. Olingan 22 oktyabr, 2006.
- ^ "Locus Online: New Magazines". Lokus nashrlari. November 2004. p. 2018-04-02 121 2. Olingan 22 sentyabr, 2008.
- ^ a b Knight, Futurians, p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
- ^ Aldiss, Trillion yillik spree, p. 205.
- ^ Franson and DeVore, "History", p. 3.
- ^ Nicholls, Peter, "Hugo", in Clute & Nicholls, Ugo, p. 595.
- ^ See, for example, the titles of Moskowitz, Hugo Gernsback: Father of Science Fiction, and Siegel, Hugo Gernsback: Father of Modern Science Fiction.
- ^ Fairman began writing the editorials with the May 1956 issue, and in the July 1956 editorial he explained that Browne was on a two-month contract in Hollywood, writing scripts for Shayen. In the August editorial he announced that the change was permanent, and in the September 1956 issue Fairman was listed as editor on the masthead for the first time. Qarang Fairman, Paul W. (May 1956). "The Observatory". Ajoyib hikoyalar. 30 (5): 3., Fairman, Paul W. (July 1956). "The Observatory". Ajoyib hikoyalar. 30 (7): 6., Fairman, Paul W. (August 1956). "The Observatory". Ajoyib hikoyalar. 30 (8): 6., Fairman, Paul W. (September 1956). "Masthead". Ajoyib hikoyalar. 30 (9).
- ^ Lobsenz was introduced in the November 1958 editorial, as if he were the editor. His title was editorial director. According to Mike Ashley, who corresponded with Cele Lalli, he was brought in as a consultant, wrote the editorials and story blurbs, met intermittently with Goldsmith, and read the stories she selected, but "she was soon left alone to edit the magazines as she saw fit". Qarang Fairman, Paul W. (November 1958). "Introducing the New Editor". Ajoyib hikoyalar. 32 (11): 5., and Ashley, Transformatsiyalar, p. 222.
- ^ a b v d Tuck, "Ajoyib hikoyalar", p. 535.
- ^ Eshli, Vaqt mashinalari, 237–238 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Transformatsiyalar, 320-321 betlar.
- ^ Eshli, Gateways, p. 425.
- ^ "Corporate Changes". The New York Times. June 21, 1930. "Experiments [sic ] Publishing, Manhattan to Radio Science Publications."
- ^ Bleiler & Bleiler (1998), 561-564 betlar.
- ^ John Clute, "Martin H. Greenberg", in Clute & Nicholls, Encyclopedia of SF, pp. 522–523.
- ^ Bennetts, Leslie (July 31, 1984). "Spielberg to Produce Adventure Series for NBC". The New York Times.
- ^ "Apple announces premiere date for Steven Spielberg's "Amazing Stories" and unveils first look image" (Matbuot xabari). 2020 yil 19-yanvar.
- ^ "Simon & Schuster: The Amazing Stories (eBook)". Simon va Shuster. Olingan 13 sentyabr, 2008.
Manbalar
- Aldiss, Brayan; Wingrove, Devid (1986). Trillion Year Spree: The History of Science Fiction. London: Gollancz. ISBN 0-575-03943-4.
- Eshli, Mayk (2000). Vaqt mashinalari: boshidan 1950 yilgacha bo'lgan ilmiy-fantastik pulpa jurnallarining hikoyasi. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 0-85323-865-0.
- Eshli, Mayk (2004). "Gernsbek kunlari". Eshli, Mayk; Laiddes, Robert A.V. (tahr.). Gernsbek kunlari: 1911 yildan 1936 yilgacha bo'lgan zamonaviy ilmiy fantastika evolyutsiyasini o'rganish. Holicong, Pennsylvania: Wildside Press. pp. 16–254. ISBN 0-8095-1055-3.
- Eshli, Mayk (2005). Transformations: The Story of the Science-Fiction Magazines from 1950 to 1970. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 0-85323-779-4.
- Eshli, Mayk (2007). Gateways to Forever: The Story of the Science-Fiction Magazines from 1970 to 1980. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-1-84631-003-4.
- Bler, Everett F.; Bler, Richard J. (1998). Ilmiy-fantastika: Gernsbek yillari. Westport, Connecticut: Kent State University Press. ISBN 0-87338-604-3.
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- Franson, Donald; DeVore, Howard (1978). A History of the Hugo, Nebula and International Fantasy Awards. Dearborn, Michigan: Misfit Press.
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- Sanders, Jozef (1986). E.E. "Doc" Smit. Starmont uyi. ISBN 0-916732-73-8.
- Siegel, Mark Richard (1988). Ugo Gernsbek: zamonaviy ilmiy fantastika otasi. Borgo Press. ISBN 0-89370-274-9.
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