101-desant diviziyasining tarixi - History of the 101st Airborne Division

The 101-desant diviziyasi ("Qichqirgan burgutlar")[1] ixtisoslashgan modul hisoblanadi engil piyoda askarlar bo'linish ning AQSh armiyasi uchun o'qitilgan havo hujumi operatsiyalar.[2] Qichqiriq burgutlarini jurnalistlar "nayzaning uchi" deb atashgan[3] shuningdek, eng kuchli va taktik jihatdan biri mobil AQSh armiyasining bo'limlari.[4] 101-havo-desant diviziyasi qariyb bir asrlik tarixga ega. Davomida Ikkinchi jahon urushi, bu uning roli bilan mashhur edi Overlord operatsiyasi (the Kunduzgi qo'nish va havoga qo'nish 1944 yil 6-iyunda, yilda Normandiya, Frantsiya ), Market Garden operatsiyasi, ning ozodligi Gollandiya va uning harakati Bulge jangi shahar atrofida Bastogne, Belgiya. Davomida Vetnam urushi, 101-havo-desant diviziyasi bir qancha yirik kampaniyalarda va janglarda, shu jumladan Gamburger tepaligidagi jang 1969 yil may oyida. 1968 yil o'rtalarida u qayta tashkil etildi va qayta nomlandi samolyot bo'linish va keyin 1974 yilda havo hujumi bo'limi sifatida. So'nggi yillarda bo'linma xizmat qildi Iroq va Afg'oniston. Balandligida Terrorizmga qarshi urush, 101-havo-desant bo'limida 200 dan ortiq samolyot bor edi.[5] Hozirda bo'limda 100 dan ortiq samolyotlar mavjud.[5]

Birinchi jahon urushi va urushlararo davr

101-bo'lim bosh qarorgohi 1918 yil 2-noyabrda tashkil etilgan Kamp Shelby, Missisipi, 23 iyulda tashkil etilgan Milliy armiya. Birinchi jahon urushi 9 kundan keyin tugadi va 1918 yil 11-dekabrda harbiy xizmatdan bo'shatildi.[6]

1921 yilda bo'linma shtabi qayta tiklandi Uyushgan zaxiralar va 1921 yil 10 sentyabrda tashkil etilgan Miluoki, Viskonsin.[6] Aynan o'sha paytda "Screaming Eagle" bo'linish bilan bog'liq bo'lib, Viskonsin shtatining ko'ngillilar polklari an'analarining davomchisi sifatida. Amerika fuqarolar urushi.[7] (Shuningdek qarang: Qari Abe )

101-chi qismni havodagi bo'linma sifatida qayta tashkil etish doirasida Qo'shma Shtatlar armiyasi, zaxira bo'limi 1942 yil 15-avgustda tarqatib yuborilgan.[6]


Ikkinchi jahon urushi

Umumiy Duayt D. Eyzenxauer bilan gaplashish 1-leytenant Wallace C. Strobel va E kompaniyasining odamlari, 502-chi parashyut piyoda polk 5 iyun kuni. Strobelning bo'ynidagi plakat uning 438-TCG 23-sonli bo'r uchun sakrash ustasi ekanligidan dalolat beradi.

1942 yil 19-avgustda uning birinchi qo'mondoni general-mayor Uilyam C. Li, 5-sonli umumiy buyurtmani o'qing:[9]

1942 yil 16-avgustda faollashtirilgan 101-havo-desant diviziyasi, soat Klaiborn lageri, Luiziana, tarixga ega emas, lekin taqdir bilan uchrashuvga ega.

Bizning qurollanishimiz xususiyati va biz o'zimizni takomillashtirishimiz taktikasi tufayli bizni juda katta harbiy ahamiyatga ega operatsiyalarni bajarishga chaqirishadi va zarurat zudlik bilan va o'ta zarur bo'lganda biz odatdagidek harakatga o'tamiz. Sizning nishonimiz buyuk Amerika burguti ekanligiga e'tiboringizni qaratishga ijozat bering. Bu osmondan tushgan momaqaldiroq singari dushmanlarini yiqitib bo'linadigan bo'linish uchun munosib timsol.

Biz yaratadigan tarix, Amerika armiyasi va Amerika xalqi yilnomalarida yozishni umid qilgan yuksak yutuqlarimiz haqidagi rekord to'liq va to'liq ushbu bo'lim odamlariga bog'liq. Shuning uchun har bir shaxs, har bir zobit va har bir harbiy xizmatchi o'zini millat dushmanlarini engish uchun murakkab va qudratli vositaning zarur qismi deb bilishi kerak. Har kim o'z ishida g'alaba maqsadiga erishish uchun nafaqat vosita, balki ajralmas vosita ekanligini tushunishi kerak. Shuning uchun kelajakda biz o'z ulushimizga ega bo'lishini kutmoqdamiz, 101-havo-desant diviziyasi askarlari qo'lida deb aytish ortiqcha emas.[10]

Kun va undan keyingi kun

Asosiy maqola: Missiya Albani
Private Ware 1944 yil iyun oyida Angliyadagi Private Plaudo-ga so'nggi ikkinchi urush bo'yoqlarini qo'llaydi.

The yo'l izlovchilar 101-chi havo-desant diviziyasi bu yo'lni boshqargan Kun bosqindan oldin tungi pasayishda. Ushbu tungi tomchilar planerlar uchun juda ko'p muammolarni keltirib chiqardi. Ko'plab halokat yuz berdi, texnika va xodimlar yo'qoldi.[11] Ular ketishdi RAF North Witham u erda o'qitgan 82-havo-desant diviziyasi.

101-chi havo-desant diviziyasining maqsadi - yo'lning to'rtta chiqishini ta'minlash Yuta plyaji o'sha kuni ertalab sohildan 4-piyoda diviziyasiga chiqish yo'lini ta'minlash uchun Sent-Martin-de-Varrevil va Puppevil o'rtasida.[12] Boshqa maqsadlarga Germaniyaning qirg'oq bo'yidagi artilleriya batareyasini yo'q qilish kiradi Sent-Martin-de-Varrevil, yaqin atrofdagi binolarni egallab olish Mesier kazarma va artilleriya batareyasi uchun qo'mondonlik punkti sifatida ishlatilgan deb hisoblaydi Duv daryosi qulflang La Barket (qarama-qarshi Karentan ), qarama-qarshi La Portdagi Douve bo'ylab ikkita oyoq ko'prigini qo'lga olish Brevandlar, Douve orqali avtomagistral ko'priklarini buzish Sen-Kome-du-Mont va Douve daryosi vodiysini ta'minlash. Ularning ikkinchi darajali vazifasi janubiy qanotni himoya qilish edi VII korpus. Ular Karentan magistral yo'lidagi ikkita ko'prikni va undan g'arbda joylashgan temir yo'l ko'prigini buzishdi. Ular La Barquette qulflarini boshqarishni qo'lga kiritdilar va ko'prikni o'rnatdilar Duv daryosi Karentandan shimoliy-sharqda joylashgan.[12]

Jarayon bo'linmalarida nemis aloqalari buzildi, nemis qo'shinlari harakatiga to'sqinlik qiladigan to'siqlar o'rnatildi, qirg'oq boshi bilan mudofaa chizig'i o'rnatildi. Valognes, Les Forgesdagi birlik chegarasigacha tushish zonalari maydonini tozalab, 82-havo-desant diviziyasi bilan bog'langan.

Drop Zone qodir

101-havo-desant diviziyasining desantchilari 0048 va 0140 oralig'ida sakrab tushishdi Britaniyaning ikki marta yozgi vaqti 6 iyundan. A to'lqin zonasiga (eng shimoliy qismida) kirib kelgan birinchi to'lqin bulut sohilidan ajablanmadi va shakllanishini davom ettirdi, lekin navigatsiya xatolari va etishmasligi Evrika signali birinchi xatoni keltirib chiqardi. Garchi 2-batalyon, 502-chi parashyut piyoda polk ixcham bo'linma sifatida tashlandi, u noto'g'ri tushish zonasiga sakrab tushdi, uning komandiri podpolkovnik Stiv A. Chappuis deyarli to'g'ri tushish zonasida yolg'iz tushdi. Chappuis va uning tayoq yig'ilgandan ko'p o'tmay qirg'oq akkumulyatorini egallab oldi va havo hujumidan keyin allaqachon demontaj qilinganligini aniqladi.

502-chi qoldiqlarning aksariyati (80 ta tayoqning 70 tasi) plyaj yaqinidagi yo'lni topuvchilar tomonidan o'rnatiladigan tezkor tushish zonasi atrofida tartibsiz ravishda tushib ketgan. 1-va 3-batalyonlarning batalon komandirlari podpolkovnik Patrik J. Kassidi (1/502) va podpolkovnik. Robert G. Koul (3/502), kichik guruhlarni o'z zimmasiga oldi va barcha kunlik missiyalarini bajardi. Kassidi guruhi 0630 yilgacha Sent-Martin-de-Varrevillni olib, S / Sgt qo'mondonligi ostida patrul yubordi. Harrison C. Summers "XYZ" ob'yektini egallash uchun, Meziyerdagi barak va himoya qilishning ingichka chizig'ini o'rnatish Fukarvill ga Beuzevil. Kecha guruhi tunda yaqin atrofdan harakat qilishdi Seynt-Mer-Eglis Varrevill akkumulyatoriga, keyin davom etdi va 0730 da 3-chi chiqishni qo'lga kiritdi. Ular ertalab Yuta plyajidan ichki qismga ko'chib o'tadigan qo'shinlar tomonidan bo'shatilgunga qadar bu pozitsiyani egallab oldilar. Ikkala qo'mondon ham 4-chi chiqishni nemis artilleriyasining o'qi bilan qoplagan deb topdilar va Kessidi ularga tavsiya qildi 4-piyoda diviziyasi u chiqishni ishlatmasligini.

Parashyutdagi artilleriya divizioni ham deyarli natija bermadi. Uning tushishi operatsiyaning eng yomoni bo'lib, bitta gubitsadan boshqasini yo'qotdi va shimolga 32 km masofada joylashgan 54 ta yukning ikkitasidan boshqasini tashladi, natijada qurbonlar bo'ldi.

Charlie zonasini qoldiring

Ikkinchi to'lqin, tushirish uchun tayinlangan 506-chi parashyut piyoda polk (PIR) Drop Zone zonasida g'arbdan 1 milya (1,6 km) Seynt Mari-du-Mont, bulutlar tomonidan yomon tarqalib ketgan, so'ngra 16 km uzoqlikda zenitga qarshi kuchli olov yoqilgan. 81 ta C-47 samolyotlaridan uchtasi sakrashdan oldin yoki sakrash paytida yo'qolgan. Ulardan biri, 1-leytenant Marvin F. Muir tomonidan boshqarilgan 439-chi qo'shin tashuvchilar guruhi, yonib ketdi. Leytenant Muir samolyotni tayoq sakrab turganda ushlab turdi, so'ng darhol samolyot qulab tushganda vafot etdi va unga mukofot topshirildi Hurmatli xizmat xochi. Qarama-qarshiliklarga qaramay, 506-chi birinchi batalyon[1-qayd] (dastlabki divizion zaxirasi) DZ C ga aniq tashlandi, uning tayoqchalarining uchdan ikki qismi va polk komandiri Pol. Robert F. Sink tushish zonasida yoki undan bir mil uzoqlikda.

2-batalyonning aksariyati g'arbga, yaqinroqqa sakrab tushishdi Seynt-Mer-Eglis. Oxir-oqibat ular yaqinlashdilar Fukarvill 101-chi havo-desant ob'ektiv zonasining shimoliy chekkasida. Kunning ikkinchi yarmiga qadar Houdienvill yo'lagi yaqinidagi Le Chemin qishlog'iga bordi. 4-divizion chiqishdan bir necha soat oldin foydalangan edi. 3-batalyon 501-PIR podpolkovnik boshchiligida Julian J. Ewell (3/501), shuningdek DZ C ga sakrash uchun tayinlangan, ko'proq tarqalib ketgan, ammo chiqishni ta'minlash vazifasini o'z zimmasiga olgan. Vaqtinchalik kompaniya - tarkibiga diviziya qo'mondoni general-mayor qo'shilgan katta guruh. Maksvell D. Teylor Pouppeville chiqish joyiga soat 0600 da etib bordi.[13] Olti soatlik nemis 1058-grenader polkining elementlari bilan olti soatlik uyni tozalashdan so'ng, guruh 4-diviziya qo'shinlari bog'lanish uchun kelishidan biroz oldin chiqishni ta'minladilar.

Drop Zone Dog

Uchinchi to'lqin ham qattiq duch keldi po'stloq, oltita samolyotni yo'qotish. Harbiy tashuvchilar hali ham aniq tushishdi, 132 ta tayoqchadan 94 tasini tushirish zonasiga yoki unga yaqinlashtirib qo'yishdi, ammo DZning bir qismi oldindan ro'yxatdan o'tgan nemis pulemyotlari va minomyot o'qlari bilan qoplandi, bu ko'plab qo'shinlar ularning tashqarisidan chiqib ketguncha katta talafot etkazdi. kanallar. Halok bo'lganlar orasida uch batalon qo'mondonidan ikkitasi va 3/506-chi ijrochi ofitser bor.[2-qayd]

Tirik qolgan batalyon qo'mondoni podpolkovnik Robert A. Ballard 250 askar to'plab, Douve ustidagi avtomobil yo'llari ko'priklarini yo'q qilish vazifasini bajarish uchun Sent-Kome-du-Mont tomon yo'l oldi. Drueryadagi maqsadidan yarim chaqirim narida uni batalon III elementlari to'xtatib turishdi. / 1058 Grenadier-Rgt. S-3 polk tomonidan yig'ilgan 50 kishilik yana bir guruh, mayor Richard J. Allen, Basse-Addeville sharqdan o'sha hududga hujum qildi, lekin ular ham mahkamlandi.

501-chi PIR qo'mondoni polkovnik Xovard R. Jonson 150 ta askar to'plab, 0400 yilga qadar asosiy Barketa qulfini egallab oldi. Mudofaa pozitsiyalarini o'rnatgandan so'ng, polkovnik Jons qaytib DZ ga qaytib, yana 100 kishini, shu jumladan Allen guruhi, ko'prikni mustahkamlash uchun. Kreyser tomonidan dengiz qurollarining otilishiga qaramay Kvinsi, Ballard batalyoni Sankt-Kome-Montni olib ketolmadi yoki polkovnik Jonsonga qo'shila olmadi.[3-qayd]

3-batalyon 506-PIRning S-3 zobiti kapitan Charlz S.Shtetl vzvod va yana bir maqsadga 0430 da La Porte yaqinidagi ikki metrli ko'priklarni egallab olib, sharqiy sohilga o'tdi. Bir nechta avtomat qurollarini urib tushirgandan so'ng, ularning o'q-dorilari pasayib ketganda, kichik kuch g'arbiy sohilga qaytib ketdi. Bir kecha-kunduzda qoqshollar kirib kelganida u ikki baravar ko'payib ketdi va ko'priklar bo'ylab nemis zondini qaytarib berdi.

Boshqa harakatlar

Sainte Marie-du-Mont yaqinida 506-PIR bo'linmalari tomonidan yana ikkita diqqatga sazovor xatti-harakatlar bo'lib o'tdi, ularning ikkalasi ham egallab olinishi va yo'q qilinishi bilan bog'liq. batareyalar ning 105 mm qurol ning Germaniya III batalyoni-191-artilleriya polki. Ertalab E (506-chi) PIR kompaniyasidan (keyin) 1-Lt ostida bo'lgan askarlarning kichik patrul xizmati. Richard D. Vinters kattaligidan 3-4 barobar katta kuchni bosib, chaqirilgan fermada to'rtta qurolni yo'q qildi Brécourt Manor, buning uchun Winters keyinchalik mukofotlandi Hurmatli xizmat xochi hujum qo'shinlari kumush va bronza yulduzlarini berishdi. Keyinchalik bu kitobda hujjatlashtirilgan Birodarlar guruhi va olqishlanganlar bir xil nomdagi mini-seriyalar.

101-havo-desant qo'shinlari qo'lga olingan bilan suratga tushmoqdalar Natsist Normandiyaga tushganidan ikki kun o'tgach, avtoulovni havo identifikatsiyalash belgisi.

Tushga yaqin, hududni jip yordamida kashf qilayotganda, polkovnik Sink Xoldida to'rtta quroldan iborat ikkinchi akkumulyator topilgani haqida xabar oldi, uning CP va Saint-Marie-du-Mont o'rtasidagi manori, va himoyachilar 70 ga yaqin kuchga ega edilar. parashyutchilar mahkamlashdi. Kapitan Lloyd E. Patch (shtab-kvartiraning birinchi / 506-chi kompaniyasi) va kapitan Knut H. Raudshteyn (kompaniya 506-chi PIR)[4-qayd] Xoldiga qo'shimcha 70 qo'shin olib bordi va pozitsiyani o'rab oldi. Keyin birlashgan kuch Sent-Mari-du-Montni egallashda davom etdi. Batareyani ushlab turish uchun qoldirilgan 502-chi PIR vzvodi polkovnik Sink to'rttasini yuborguncha to'rtta qurolning uchtasini yo'q qildi. jiplar ularni 101-chi foydalanish uchun saqlash uchun.

D kunining oxirida general Teylor va uning yordamchi bo'linma komandiri (ADC) Brig. General Entoni C. Makoliff Puppevildagi hujumidan qaytdi. Teylor o'zining 6600 kishidan taxminan 2500 kishini nazorat qilar edi, ularning aksariyati Kulovildagi 506-chi CP yaqinida, Sent-Jermen-du-Varrevildan g'arbiy ingichka mudofaa chizig'i yoki Blosvildagi zaxira zonasi bilan. Ikki planer havo ko'targichlari oz miqdordagi qo'shimcha vositalarni olib kelgan va boshqa ADC Brig o'limiga sabab bo'lgan. General Don F. Pratt, zarbadan uning bo'yni singan. 327-chi piyoda piyoda askarlari Yuta sohiliga duch kelishdi, ammo uning faqat uchinchi batalyoni (40-chi birinchi batalyon) xabar berdi.

101-havo-desant diviziyasi plyaj chiqishini ta'minlash bo'yicha eng muhim vazifasini bajardi, ammo Douve daryosi yaqinidagi pozitsiyalarni barqaror ushlab turdi, uning ustidan nemislar zirhli qismlarni harakatga keltira olishdi. U erda to'plangan uchta guruh bir-biri bilan qattiq aloqada bo'lgan, ammo bo'linishning qolgan qismi bilan hech kim yo'q. Tomchilarning pasayishi natijasida paydo bo'lgan radioapparatlarning etishmasligi uning boshqaruvidagi muammolarni yanada kuchaytirdi. Teylor Douve ko'priklarini yo'q qilishni diviziyaning birinchi o'ringa qo'ydi va bu vazifani polkovnik Sinkga topshirdi, u ertalab ertalab 1-batalyon 401-chi glider piyodalariga uchta batalyonni boshqarish to'g'risida buyruq berdi.

Muntazam qo'shinlar qirg'oqdan kirib, parashyutchi pozitsiyalarini kuchaytirar ekan, ko'pchilik tinchlanib, keyingi katta parashyut operatsiyasini tashkil etish uchun orqaga jo'natildi.

Market Garden operatsiyasi

Asosiy maqola: Market Garden operatsiyasi
101-havo-desant diviziyasi odamlari singan planerni tekshirmoqda, 1944 yil sentyabr.

1944 yil 17 sentyabrda 101-havo-desant diviziyasi tarkibiga kirdi XVIII havo-desant korpusi, ostida General-mayor Metyu Ridgvey, qismi Birinchi ittifoqdosh havo-desant armiyasi, buyrug'i bilan General-leytenant Lyuis X.Bereton. Bo'lim ishtirok etdi Market Garden operatsiyasi (1944 yil 17-25 sentyabr), muvaffaqiyatsiz Ittifoqdosh ostida harbiy operatsiya Feldmarshal Bernard Montgomeri, Angliya-Kanada qo'mondoni 21-armiya guruhi, Gollandiyada olib borilgan Reyn ustidan o'tgan Gollandiyalik ko'priklarni va butun zamondagi eng yirik havo-desant operatsiyasini olish uchun.[14]

Feldmarshal Montgomeri ta'kidlagan reja, havo kuchlari tomonidan bir nechta ko'priklarni egallab olishni talab qildi. Magistral yo'l 69 Maas bo'ylab (Meuse daryosi ) va ikkita qo'l Reyn (the Vaal va Quyi Reyn ), shuningdek, bir nechta kichikroq kanallar va irmoqlar. Ushbu ko'priklardan o'tish ingliz zirhli qismlariga ruxsat beradi tashqi tomondan The Zigfrid chizig'i, shimoliy Germaniyaga o'ting va atrofni o'rab oling Rur, Germaniyaning sanoat yuragi, shu bilan urushni tugatadi. Bu Ittifoqchidan keng miqyosda foydalanishni anglatardi havo-desant kuchlari ikkalasini ham o'z ichiga oladi 82-chi bilan birga 101-havo-desant bo'limlari Buyuk Britaniyaning 1-desant diviziyasi.

Dastlab operatsiya muvaffaqiyatli o'tdi. Orasida bir nechta ko'prik Eyndxoven va Nijmegen 82 va 101-lar tomonidan qo'lga olingan. 101-chi kichik qarshiliklarga duch kelishdi va 17 sentyabr oxirigacha dastlabki maqsadlarining ko'p qismini egallab olishdi. Biroq, bo'linmaning asosiy maqsadi - Vilgelmina kanali orqali ko'prikni buzish O'g'il, Maas ustidagi asosiy yo'l ko'prigini egallashni 20 sentyabrgacha kechiktirdi. Sonda joylashgan ko'prikning yo'qolishi bilan duch kelgan 101-chi bir necha kilometr uzoqlikda joylashgan shunga o'xshash ko'prikni egallab olishga urinish muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi. Eng yaxshi ammo yondashuv bloklangan deb topildi. Boshqa birliklar janubga qarab harakat qilishni davom ettirishdi va oxir-oqibat Eyndxovenning shimoliy uchiga etib borishdi.

18 sentyabr kuni soat 06:00 da Irlandiya gvardiyasi ning Britaniya gvardiyasi zirhli diviziyasi Germaniya piyoda qo'shinlari va tanklarining qat'iy qarshiligiga duch kelib, avansni davom ettirdi.[15]:p71 Tushga yaqin 101-desantni etakchi razvedka bo'linmalari kutib oldi Britaniya XXX korpusi. Soat 16: 00da radio aloqasi Son ko'prigi buzilganligi to'g'risida asosiy kuch haqida ogohlantirdi va uni almashtirishni so'radi Beyli ko'prigi oldinga olib chiqish. Kechga yaqin Gvardiya zirhli diviziyasi Eyndxoven hududida o'zini namoyon qildi[16] ammo transport ustunlari shaharning gavjum ko'chalarida tiqilib qolgan va tunda Germaniya havo bombardimoniga uchragan. XXX korpus muhandislari, Germaniya harbiy asirlari tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanib, Wilhelmina kanali bo'ylab 10 soat ichida 40-darajali Beyli ko'prigini qurishdi.[15]:p72 101-havo-desant diviziyasi tomonidan ta'minlangan avtomagistralning eng uzun sektori keyinchalik "Jahannam shosse" nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi.

Bulge jangi

Asosiy maqola: Bastoneni qamal qilish
101-havo-desant diviziyasi qo'shinlari C-47 ta'minotni Bastonga tashlab qo'ying.

Ardennes hujumi (1944 yil 16-dekabr - 1945 yil 25-yanvar) - Ikkinchi Jahon urushi oxiriga kelib o'rmonzorlar orqali boshlangan nemislarning yirik hujumi. Ardennes tog'lari mintaqasi Belgiya. Germaniyaning ushbu operatsiyalar bo'yicha rejalashtirilgan maqsadi ingliz va amerikaliklarni ikkiga bo'linish edi Ittifoqdosh chiziqni yarmida ushlab turing Antverpen, Belgiya bu jarayonda va keyin davom etmoqda o'rab oling va yo'q qiling butun Britaniyaning 21-armiya guruhi va barchasi AQSh armiyasining 12-guruhi Germaniya shimolidagi birliklar, majburlash G'arbiy ittifoqchilar muzokaralar olib borish a tinchlik shartnomasi ichida Eksa kuchlari natijada 'foydasi.[17] Ittifoqchilar qayta to'planib, o'zlarining yuqori havo kuchlarini ko'tarishidan oldin Antverpenga etib borish uchun nemis mexanizatsiyalashgan kuchlari Belgiyaning sharqiy qismidagi barcha asosiy magistrallarni egallab olishlari kerak edi. Chunki etti yo'lning hammasi Ardennes kichik Bastogne shaharchasida to'planib, uning chorrahasini boshqarish nemislarning hujumi muvaffaqiyatli yoki muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lishi uchun juda muhim edi.

Hujumdan bir necha hafta oldin bir nechta diqqatga sazovor belgilarga qaramay, Ardennes hujumi deyarli to'liq ajablanib bo'ldi. Jangning ikkinchi kunining oxiriga kelib, ayon bo'ldi 28-piyoda diviziyasi qulashga yaqin edi. General-mayor Troy H. Middlton, komandiri VIII korpus, uning zirhli zaxirasining bir qismini, B ning jangovar qo'mondoni buyurdi 10-zirhli diviziya Bastognega.[5-yozuvlar] Ayni paytda Gen. Eyzenxauer oldinga buyurdi SHEF dan tashkil topgan zaxira 82-chi va 101-chi havoda joylashgan Reyms.

Ikkala bo'linma haqida 17-dekabr kuni kechqurun ogohlantirildi va organik transportga ega bo'lmaganlar, yuk mashinalarini oldinga siljish uchun tashiy boshladilar, ob-havo sharoiti parashyut tushishiga mos kelmadi. Zaxirada bo'lgan va shu tariqa yaxshi jihozlangan 82-chi birinchi bo'lib ko'chib o'tdi. 101-chi qism 18-dekabr kunning ikkinchi yarmida "Mourmel Camp" dan diviziya artilleriyasi, divizion poyezdlari safiga chiqish buyrug'i bilan chiqib ketishdi 501-chi parashyut piyoda polki (PIR), 506-PIR, 502-chi PIR va 327-chavandoz piyodalari. Karvonning katta qismi tunda yomg'ir va qor yog'ayotgan paytda harakatni tezlashtirish uchun havo hujumi tahdidiga qaramay faralarni ishlatgan holda o'tkazildi va bir vaqtning o'zida birlashtirilgan ustun ustundan cho'zilib ketdi. Bulon, Belgiya, Reymsga qaytish.

101-chi havo kemasi Bastognega, 172 km uzoqlikda, 1463 fut (446 m) balandlikda joylashgan. plato, 82-chi havo kemasi shimol tomonga o'tib, juda muhim oldinga siljishni to'xtatdi Kampfgruppe Peiper Belgiya, Verbomont tomon. The 705-tankni yo'q qiladigan batalyon, shimolda oltmish milya zaxirada, Bastognega 18-kuni zirhsiz 101-havo havosiga tankga qarshi yordam ko'rsatishni buyurdi va ertasi kuni kechqurun etib keldi. Ning birinchi elementlari 501-PIR 19-dekabr yarim tundan ko'p o'tmay Bastondan to'rt mil g'arbda bo'linma yig'ilish maydoniga kirdi va soat 0900 ga qadar butun bo'lim etib keldi.

21-dekabrga qadar nemis kuchlari qurshab olishdi Bastogne, uni 101-chi havo va ham himoya qilgan Jangovar buyruq 10-zirhli diviziyaning B. Perimetr ichidagi sharoit juda og'ir edi - tibbiyot buyumlari va tibbiyot xodimlarining aksariyati 19 dekabrda qo'lga olingan. 10-zirhli diviziyaning CCB, Germaniyaning oldinga siljishini kechiktirishda yo'qotishlar tufayli juda zaiflashib, 40 ta engil va o'rta tanklardan (shu jumladan, CCRdan omon qolganlarni ham) o'z ichiga olgan ko'chma "o't o'chirish brigadasi" ni tashkil etdi. 9-zirhli diviziya, nemislarni kechiktirish paytida vayron qilingan va Bastogne shahrida tayinlanmagan topilgan sakkizta tank). Uchta artilleriya bataloni, shu jumladan qora tanlilar 969-dala artilleriya batalyoni, 101-qo'mondonlik qilgan va vaqtincha artilleriya guruhini tuzgan. Ularning har birida 1255 mm gabaritli gubitsalar mavjud bo'lib, ular bo'linishni faqat cheklangan o'q-dorilar bilan cheklangan barcha yo'nalishlarda kuchli otashin kuch bilan ta'minladilar (22 dekabrga qadar artilleriya o'q-dorilariga qurol har kuni 10 ta o'q bilan cheklandi.) Ertasi kuni ob-havo tozalandi, ammo va materiallar (birinchi navbatda o'q-dorilar) keyingi besh kunning to'rttasida tashlangan.

Rojdestvo kuni general Makolifning Bastogni himoya qilgan 101-havo qo'shinlariga maktubi

Nemislarning bir necha qat'iyatli hujumlariga qaramay, perimetri ushlab turildi. Nemis qo'mondoni generalleutnant Geynrix Freyerr fon Lyuttvits,[18] Bastognening taslim bo'lishini so'radi.[19] Qachon Umumiy Entoni Makoliff, endi 101-chi qo'mondon vazifasini bajaruvchi, deyishdi va hafsalasi pir bo'lgan Makoliff: "Yong'oqlar!" Boshqa dolzarb masalalarga murojaat qilgandan so'ng, uning xodimlari Germaniya talabiga javob berishlari kerakligini eslatdilar. Bir ofitser (Garri V. O. Kinnard, keyin podpolkovnik) Makoliffning dastlabki javobi "urish uchun qattiq" bo'lishi kerakligini tavsiya qildi. Shunday qilib, Makoliff nemislarga topshirilgan qog'ozga shunday yozdi: "NUTS!" Bu javobni nemislarga ham, amerikalik bo'lmagan ittifoqchilarga ham tushuntirish kerak edi.[6-yozuv]

XLVII Panzer korpusining ikkala panzer bo'linmasi ham 21-dekabrdan keyin Bastondan oldinga siljishdi va faqat bitta panzergrenadier polkini tark etishdi. Panzer-Lehr-Divizion ga yordam berish 26-Volksgrenadier diviziyasi chorrahani bosib olishga urinishda. 26-VG Rojdestvo arafasida Rojdestvo kuni bo'lib o'tadigan so'nggi hujumga tayyorgarlik ko'rish uchun qo'shimcha zirh va panzergrenadier qo'shimchalarini oldi. Unga etarlicha zirh va qo'shinlar etishmasligi va 26-VG diviziyasi charchashga yaqin bo'lganligi sababli, XLVII Panzer korpusi hujumni har tomondan bir vaqtning o'zida hujum qilishni emas, balki ketma-ketlik bilan perimetrning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan alohida joylarda to'plagan. Hujum, nemis tanklari tomonidan Amerika chizig'iga kirib borishda dastlabki muvaffaqiyatlarga qaramay, mag'lubiyatga uchradi va deyarli barcha nemis tanklari yo'q qilindi. Ertasi kuni, 26-dekabr, nayzaning boshi General Jorj S. Pattonniki AQSh uchinchi armiyasi yordam kuchi, 4-zirhli diviziya, nemis chiziqlarini kesib o'tib, qamalni tugatib, Bastonga yo'lak ochdi. Bo'lim "Bastogne Bastionining kaltaklangan paxtakorlari" laqabini oldi.

Qurshov buzilganligi sababli, 101-chi odamlar tinchlanishini kutishgan, ammo hujumni qayta boshlash haqida buyruqlar berilgan. The 506-chi shimolga hujum qildi va 1945 yil 9-yanvarda Bois des Corbeaux-da Recogne-ni qaytarib oldi (Corbeaux Wood), Easy Company kompaniyasining o'ng tomonida, 10 yanvarda, Foy esa 13 yanvarda. The 327-chi 13 yanvarda Bastondan shimoli-sharqdagi Boursi tomon hujum qildi va o'jar qarshilikka duch keldi. 101-havo-desant diviziyasi tarkibiga Germaniya harbiylari elitasi duch keldi 1-SS Panzer bo'limi Leybstandart SS SS Adolf Gitler, Führerbegleitbrigade, 12-SS Panzer bo'limi Gitlerjugend, va 9-SS Panzer bo'limi Hohenstaufen.[20] 506-chi kishi 15-yanvar kuni Novillni, ertasi kuni Rachampsni qaytarib olishdi. The 502-chi 327-chi qismni kuchaytirdi va ikkala polk 17 yanvarda Boursiyani qo'lga olishdi va nemislar bo'linish Bastonga etib kelgan kuni oldinga siljishdi. Ertasi kuni 101-desant diviziyasi tinchlandi.[21]

1-SS Panzer bo'limi Leybstandart SS SS Adolf Gitlerning Kampgruppe Peiper-dan Panzer IV. 101-havo-desant diviziyasi ushbu elita bilan kurashgan Waffen SS 101-chi 1945 yil 13-yanvarda Bastondan shimoli-sharqdagi Boursi tomon hujum qilganida.

Kauferingni ozod qilish

1945 yil aprelda 101-chi Reynga ko'chib o'tdi va oxir-oqibat Bavariya Alplariga etib bordi. 101-chi samolyot Janubiy Germaniyaga bostirib kirganida, ular lagerlardan biri bo'lgan Kaufering IVni topdilar Kaufering majmuasi. Qachon 12-zirhli diviziya 101-chi 1945 yil aprel oyi oxirida Kaufering IV ga etib kelishdi, askarlar 500 dan ortiq o'lik mahbusni topdilar. Armiya mahalliy shahar aholisiga o'liklarni dafn qilishni buyurdi.[22]

Zarar ko'rgan narsalar

  • Jang qurbonlarining umumiy soni: 9,328[23]
  • Amalda o'ldirilgan: 1,766[23]
  • Amalda yaralangan: 6,388[23]
  • Amalda yo'qolgan: 207[23]
  • Harbiy asir: 967[23]

Urushdan keyingi urush

1945 yil 1-avgustda 501-chi PIR Frantsiyaga ko'chirildi, qolgan qism esa Avstriyaning Alp tog'laridagi Zell am Seo va Kaprun atrofida joylashgan edi. Bo'lim tarkibidagi ba'zi bo'linmalar qayta joylashtirish uchun mashg'ulotlarni boshladilar Tinch okeanidagi urush teatri ammo urush ularga kerak bo'lmasdan tugadi. Bo'lim 1945 yil 30-noyabrda faolsizlantirildi. Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida qilgan harakatlari uchun 101-sonli havo-desant diviziyasi to'rtta saylov kampaniyasi va ikkita Prezident bo'linmasi bilan taqdirlandi.

Birlik

101-chi havo-desant qo'shinlari havo kemalarini etkazib berish paytida tushirishdi Bastoneni qamal qilish.

Manba: Jang tartibi: AQSh armiyasi Ikkinchi Jahon urushi Shelby Stanton tomonidan, Presidio Press, 1984 yil.

Dubulg'a belgisi

101-chi qisman taktik dubulg'a belgisi bilan ajralib turardi. Karta kostyumlari dubulg'aning har ikki tomonida (olmoslar, belkuraklar, qalblar va tayoqchalar) askar tegishli bo'lgan polkni bildirgan. Faqatgina istisno 187-chi bo'lib, ular keyinchalik bo'linishga qo'shildi. Divizion shtab-kvartirasi va yordamchi bo'linmalari kvadrat va bo'linma artilleriyasining aylana bilan ishlatilishi bilan belgilandi. Soat 3, 6 va 9 larda belgi, shaxs qaysi batalyonga tegishli ekanligini ko'rsatgan bo'lsa, soat 12 da belgilash shtab-kvartirada yoki shtab-kvartirada tayinlangan.

  • Ushbu nishonlar birinchi bo'lib Ikkinchi Jahon Urushida ko'rilgan va bugungi kunda 101-diviziya askarlarida ham ko'rish mumkin.
    • 327-chi: Klublar (♣) (Hozirda 1-brigada jangovar jamoasi tomonidan kiyilgan; 1949 yilda tasvirlangan film Jang maydoni )
    • 501-chi: Olmos (♦) (Hozirda 1-batalon, 501-piyoda polki 4-brigada (ABN) tarkibiga kiradi, 25-piyoda diviziyasi (Alyaskada.) (olmosdan hozirda 1-batalyon, 501-piyoda polki va 101-askar tomonidan foydalanilmoqda Jangovar aviatsiya brigadasi )
    • 502d: Yuraklar (♥) (Hozirda 2-brigada jangovar jamoasi tomonidan kiyilgan)
    • 506-chi: Spades (♠) (ilgari 4-brigada jangovar jamoasi 2014 yilda o'chirilgunga qadar kiygan; mini-seriyada tasvirlangan Birodarlar guruhi; hozirda 506-piyoda polkining 1-va 2-batalyoni tomonidan taqilgan)
    • 187-chi: Torii (Torii.svg) (Hozirda 3-brigada jangovar jamoasi tomonidan kiyilgan; Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida emas, 187-piyoda polki tarkibida bo'lganida 11-desant diviziyasi.)

Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyingi davr

Urushdan keyingi mashg'ulotlar va Pentomik faollashtirish

101-chi havo-desantiya 1948 yil iyun oyida muntazam armiyaga ajratilgan[6] va o'quv bo'limi sifatida qayta tiklandi Brekenrij lageri, Kentukki keyingi iyulda, faqat keyingi yil o'chiriladi.[6] Koreya urushi boshlangandan keyin 1950 yilda qayta tiklandi, 1953 yil dekabrda harakatsiz bo'lgunga qadar yana Brekkenridj lagerida o'quv markazi sifatida xizmat qildi. Bu vaqt ichida u 53-chi havo-piyoda polk.

1954 yil may oyida yana faollashtirildi Fort Jekson, Janubiy Karolina[6] va 1956 yil mart oyida, 101-sonli xodimlar va uskunalar kamroq ko'chirildi Fort Kempbell, Kentukki, jangovar bo'linma sifatida qayta tashkil etilgan. 187-ARCT va 508-ARCT xodimlari va jihozlaridan foydalangan holda,[24] 101st birinchi bo'lib qayta yoqildi "pentomik "beshlik bilan bo'linish jang guruhlari Ikkinchi Jahon urushi tarkibida polklar va batalyonlarni o'z ichiga olgan. Qayta tashkil etish 1957 yil aprel oyi oxiriga kelib amalga oshirildi va diviziyaning jangovar guruhlari quyidagilardir:

  • 2-desant jangovar guruhi, 187-piyoda askar
  • 1-havo-desant jangovar guruhi, 327-piyoda askar
  • 1-havo-desant jangovar guruhi, 501-piyoda askarlari
  • 1-desant jangovar guruhi, 502-piyoda askar
  • 1-havo-desant jangovar guruhi, 506-piyoda askar

Diviziya artilleriyasi quyidagi birliklardan iborat edi:

  • Batareya D, 319-artilleriya
  • Batareya E, 319-artilleriya
  • Batareya A, 321-artilleriya
  • B batareyasi, 321-artilleriya
  • Batareya C, 321-chi artilleriya
  • Batareya A, 377-artilleriya

Boshqa yordamchi bo'linmalar ham tayinlangan.

Inson huquqlari

"Kichik tosh to'qqiz "ro'yxatdan o'tgan afroamerikalik talabalar guruhi edi Little Rok Markaziy o'rta maktabi natijasida 1957 yil sentyabr oyida AQSh Oliy sudi tarixiy hukmronlik Brown va Ta'lim kengashi ish. Bo'limning 1-havo-desant jangovar guruhi elementlari, 327-piyoda askarlar Prezident Eyzenxauer tomonidan inqiroz paytida talabalarni ilgari ajratilgan maktabga kuzatib borish uchun Little Rock-ga buyruq berdilar. Diviziya general-mayor qo'mondonligida edi Edvin Uoker, qora tanli talabalarni himoya qilishga sodiq bo'lgan.[25] Qo'shinlar sentyabrdan 1957 yilgacha bo'lgan minnatdorchilik kuniga qadar joylashtirildi Ishchi guruh 153-piyoda askarlari, (federalizatsiya qilingan) Arkanzas armiyasining milliy gvardiyasi ) 24 sentyabrdan beri maktabda navbatchilikda bo'lgan, javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga olgan.

STRAC

1958 yilda AQSh armiyasi Strategik armiya korpusi 101 va 82-chi havo-desant diviziyalari va 1-chi va 4-piyoda diviziyalaridan iborat bo'lib, qisqa vaqt ichida tezkor joylashtirish vazifasi yuklangan.

Vetnam urushi

Asosiy maqola: Vetnam urushi
101-sonli havo-desant diviziyasi 1-brigadasi erkaklari, Vetnamning eski xandaklaridan o't ochishmoqda.

1965 yil 29-iyulda 1-brigada joylashtirildi II korpus, Vetnam Respublikasi quyidagi birliklar bilan:

Manba: Vetnam jang tartibi Shelby Stanton tomonidan, Galahad Books tomonidan nashr etilgan, 1987 y.

1967 yil may oyida 1-brigada Oregon shtatidagi Task Force tarkibida ishladi.[26]

101-ning qolgan qismi 1967 yil noyabr oyida Vetnamga jo'natildi va 1-brigada o'zining ota-ona bo'linmasiga qo'shildi.[26] 101-chi shimolga joylashtirilgan Men korpus mintaqaga qarshi faoliyat yuritmoqda Vetnam xalq armiyasi (PAVN) orqali infiltratsiya yo'llari Laos va Shau ​​vodiysi urushning katta qismi uchun. Vetnamda deyarli etti yillik janglarda 101-ning elementlari 15 ta kampaniyada ishtirok etishdi. Bular orasida e'tiborga sazovor bo'lganlar Gamburger tepaligidagi jang 1969 yilda va Firebase Ripcord 1970 yilda.

Shimoliy Vetnamliklar nishonlari uchun 101-havo kemasini "Tovuq odamlari" deb atashgan. (Vetnamliklar ilgari burgutni ko'rmagan edilar.) Dushman qo'mondonlari o'z odamlarini har qanday aloqani yo'qotishiga amin bo'lganliklari sababli Tovuq erkaklaridan har qanday narsadan qochish haqida ogohlantirganliklari aytiladi.[27] Raqiblardan biri[JSSV? ] 101-sonli havo-desant diviziyasi barcha Amerika tashkilotlarining 101-havo desantlari u eng qo'rqqan samolyot ekanligiga qarshi chiqqanligini izohladi.[28][ahamiyati? ]

Qo'shma Shtatlar ichida, 101-chi, bilan birga 82-havo-desant diviziyasi, katta va zo'ravonlarni bostirish uchun yuborilgan 1967 yil Detroyt isyoni.

1-brigada

1965 yildan 1967 yilgacha 1-brigada mustaqil ravishda o't o'chiruvchilar guruhi sifatida ish olib bordi va "Vyetnam ko'chmanchilari" nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi. Ular so'zma-so'z Vetnamning har bir hududida [qurolsizlangan zonadan] shimolga qadar markaziy tog'larga qadar jang qildilar.[29]

Tiger Force

Asosiy maqola: Tiger Force

Tiger Force a taxallusi bo'lgan uzoq muddatli razvedka patrul xizmati birlik[30] birinchi batalyon (havo-desant), 327-piyoda polki, Jang qilgan 1-brigada (alohida), 101-havo-desant diviziyasi Vetnam urushi.[31]

Taxminan 45 ta vzvod o'lchovli birlik desantchilar, polkovnik tomonidan tashkil etilgan Devid Xekvort 1965 yil noyabrda "partizanlarni partizanlarga" topshirish.[32] Tiger Force (Recon) 1 / 327th Vetnamda juda bezatilgan kichik birlik bo'lib, katta obro'ga ega bo'lgan obro'sini to'lagan.[33] 1968 yil oktyabr oyida Tiger Force-ning ota-batalyoni ushbu mukofot bilan taqdirlandi Prezident bo'limi ma'lumotnomasi Prezident tomonidan Lyndon B. Jonson da Tiger Force xizmatining zikrini o'z ichiga olgan Đắk Tô 1966 yil iyun oyida.[34]

Ushbu bo'linma ko'plab harbiy jinoyatlarni sodir etganlikda ayblangan.[35] Tergovchilar ko'plab harbiy jinoyatlar haqiqatan ham sodir bo'lgan degan xulosaga kelishdi.[36] Shunga qaramay, armiya hech qanday ta'qib qilinmaslikka qaror qildi.[37]

Vetnam urushi tugaguniga qadar yo'lbars kuchlari dushmanning taxminan 1000 askarini o'ldirdilar.[38]

Firebase Ripcord

1970 yil 12 martda 101-chi 3-brigada tashlab qo'yilgan yong'inni qo'llab-quvvatlash bazasini Ripkordni qayta qurishni boshladi, u o'sha paytdagi eng uzoq bazalarda bo'lgani kabi, vertolyot qutqarish liniyasida materiallarni etkazib berish va xodimlarni olib chiqib ketishga tayangan. The olov bazasi 101-chi A Shau vodiysiga qaragan tog'larda PAVN ta'minot bazalarini yo'q qilish uchun rejalashtirilgan hujum uchun ishlatilishi kerak edi.

101-havo kemasi PAVN ta'minot bazalariga hujumni rejalashtirayotganda, PAVN ularning faoliyatini yashirincha kuzatayotgan edi. 12 martdan 30 iyungacha PAVN vaqti-vaqti bilan Firebase-ga hujum qildi. PAVN tomonidan bir necha hafta davom etgan razvedkadan so'ng, 1970 yil 1 iyul kuni ertalab PAVN Firebase-ga kutilmaganda minomyot hujumini boshladi. Natijada 101-chi havo va PAVN o'rtasidagi 23 kunlik jang Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari quruqlik kuchlari o'rtasidagi so'nggi yirik to'qnashuv bo'ldi Shimoliy Vetnam Vetnam urushi.

Kecha tunda pistirma qilingan patruldan so'ng, xususiy Chale.
Kenni Kays Richard Niksondan "Faxriy medal" ni oladi

23 kunlik qamal paytida 75 AQSh harbiy xizmatchilari, shu jumladan 2-batalyon, 506-piyoda qo'mondoni polkovnik, o'ldirildi. Andre Lukas vafotidan keyin mukofotlangan "Shuhrat" medali va 1-Lt. Bob Kalsu, urush paytida o'ldirilgan kam sonli amerikalik professional sportchilardan biri. Butun jang davomida (qamalni ham o'z ichiga olgan) 250 ta diviziya a'zosi o'ldirildi.

To'rtta tepalikdan jang olib, o'rab olingan va ularning soni o'ndan bittaga ko'p bo'lgan, diviziya kuchlari mag'lubiyatga uchragan, ammo 1970 yil 23-iyulda og'ir minomyot, zenit va kichik qurollar ostida havoga olib chiqishga buyruq berishdan oldin dushmanga katta yo'qotishlarni berishga muvaffaq bo'lgan. olov, qamalni tugatish. Bo'linish olov bazasidan chiqib ketgandan so'ng, USAF B-52 og'ir bombardimonchilar yuborildi gilam bombasi maydon.[39]

Lam Son 719

1971 yilda bo'linma elementlari ARVN Lam Son 719, Laosning janubiy istilosi, ammo Laosga faqat aviatsiya bo'linmalari kirib keldi.

Vetnamda bo'linmaning barchasi yoki bir qismi xizmat qilgan etti yil ichida u 4011 jangda halok bo'ldi va 18259 jangda yarador bo'ldi.[40]

Bu vaqt ichida bo'linma 12 ta alohida kampaniyada qatnashgan va 17 ta "Faxriy medal" bilan taqdirlanganlar ushbu davrga tegishli - bularning barchasi 101-havo-desant diviziyasida boshqa hech qanday bo'linma bilan taqqoslanmagan jangovar rekordni taqdim etdi.[29]

Vetnamdan keyingi

1968 yilda 101-chi aerobobil bo'linmasi tuzilishini va jihozlarini oldi. Vetnamdan qaytib kelgandan so'ng, bo'linma bitta brigada (3d) va 173-chi aviatsiya brigadasi aktivlaridan foydalangan holda sakrash holatidagi qo'llab-quvvatlovchi elementlar bilan tiklandi. Qolgan ikkita brigada va yordamchi bo'linmalar aeromobil sifatida tashkil etilgan. Yo'l izlovchilar va parashyut riggerlari kabi ba'zi ixtisoslashtirilgan bo'linmalar bundan mustasno, 1974 yil boshida armiya diviziya uchun sakrash maqomini bekor qildi. Shu bilan birga, 101-chi "Airmobile Badge" ni (o'sha yil oxirida "nomi" deb nomlangan) taqdim etdi Havo hujumi nishoni ), uning dizayni Ikkinchi Jahon urushi Glider nishoniga asoslangan edi. Dastlab ko'krak nishoni faqat bo'limga tayinlanganda taqishga ruxsat berilgan edi, ammo 1978 yilda armiya unga xizmat ko'rsatish darajasida taqishga ruxsat berdi. Askarlar garnizon kepkasini planer yamoq bilan kiyib yurishdi, bluzkali etiklar va mato qanotlari tasvirlari qanotlari orqasida, oldilarida bo'linish parashyutchilari bo'lgani kabi. A ko'k beret 1975 yil mart yoki aprel oylarida bo'linish uchun vakolatli bo'lgan va 1979 yil oxiriga qadar bekor qilingan.[41]

Shuningdek, bo'linma Vyetnamda 101-chi bilan jang qilgan askarlar tomonidan jangovar yamoq sifatida kiyilgan bo'ysundirilgan yashil burgut yelkasining o'rniga to'liq rangli (oq burgut) elkali yamoq nishonlarini kiyishga vakolat berildi. While serving with the 101st, it was also acceptable to wear a non-subdued patch as a combat patch, a distinction shared with the 1st and 5th Infantry divisions.[iqtibos kerak ]

A member of the 101st Airborne Division, armed with an M60 avtomati, participates in a field exercise in 1972. M16A1 miltiq in background with each soldier wearing an M1 zarbdan.

In the late 1970s, the division maintained one battalion on a rotating basis as the division ready force (DRF). The force was in place to respond to alerts for action anywhere in the world. After alert notification, troopers of the "hot" platoon/company, would be airborne, "wheels-up" within 30 minutes as the first responding unit. All other companies of the battalion would follow within one hour. Within 24 hours there would be one brigade deployed to the affected area, with the remainder of the division deploying as needed.

In September 1980, 1st Battalion, 502nd Infantry, 2nd Brigade, took part in "Yorqin yulduz" operatsiyasi '80, an exercise deployment to Egypt. In 1984, the command group formed a full-time team, the "Screaming Eagles", Command Parachute Demonstration Team.[42] However the team traces its history to the late 1950s, during the infancy of precision free fall. By 2017, though, the parachute demonstration team had been disbanded.[43]

On 12 December 1985, a civilian aircraft, Arrow Air Parvoz 1285, chartered to transport some of the division from peacekeeping duty with the Ko'p millatli kuch va kuzatuvchilar ustida Sinay yarim oroli to Kentucky, crashed just a short distance from Gander xalqaro aeroporti, Gander, Nyufaundlend. All eight air crew members and 248 US servicemen died, most were from the 3d Battalion, 502d Infantry. Kanada transport hodisalarini tekshirish va xavfsizlik kengashi investigators were unable to determine the exact sequence of events which led to the accident, but concluded that the probable cause was muzlash. O'sha paytda edi 17th most disastrous aviation accident in terms of fatalities. President Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy traveled to Fort Campbell to comfort grieving family members.

On 8 March 1988, two US Army Blackhawk helicopters assigned to the 101st Aviation Brigade collided while on a night training mission at Fort Campbell. All 17 soldiers aboard were killed.[44] The dead included four helicopter crewmen and 13 members of the 502d Infantry Regiment. The Army's accident investigation attributed the crash to pilot error, aircraft design, and the limited field of view afforded pilots using night vision goggles (NVGs).[45] Numerous improvements have been made in NVG technology since the accident occurred.[46]

Air Assault Operations

In 1974 the 101st Airborne was reorganized as an havo hujumi bo'linish. The foundation of modern-day air assault operations was laid by the World War Two era German Fallschirmjäger, Brandenburgliklar, va 22-havo qo'nish bo'limi glider borne paras laid the foundation for modern day Havo hujumi operatsiyalar.[47][48] In 1941 the U.S. Army quickly adopted this concept of offensive operations initially utilizing wooden gliders before the development of helicopters.[49] Air Assault operations consist of highly mobile teams covering extensive distances and engaging enemy forces behind enemy lines and often by surprise, as they are usually masked by darkness.[50]:63

The 101st Airborne has earned a place in the U.S. Army's new battlefield doctrine called AirLand Battle.[50]:63 This doctrine is based on belief that initiative, depth, agility, and synchronization successfully complete a mission.[50]:63 First all soldiers are encouraged to take the initiative to seize and exploit opportunities to gain advantages over the enemy. Second, commanders are urged to utilize the entire depth of the battlefield and strike at rear targets that support frontline enemy troops. Third, agility requires commanders to strike the enemy quickly where most vulnerable and to respond to the enemy's strengths. Fourth, synchronization calls for the commander to maximize available combined arms firepower for critical targets to achieve the greatest effect.[50]:63

Fors ko'rfazi urushi

Asosiy maqola: Fors ko'rfazi urushi
Ground operations during "Cho'l bo'roni" operatsiyasi, with the 101st Airborne Division positioned at the left flank.

On 17 January 1991 the 101st Aviation Regiment, fired the first shots of the war when eight AH-64 helicopters successfully destroyed two Iraqi early warning radar sites.[50]:85 In February 1991, the 101st once again had its "Rendezvous with Destiny" in Iroq during the combat air assault into enemy territory. The 101st Airborne Division had struck 155 miles behind enemy lines.[50]:85 It was the deepest air assault operation in history.[51]

Approximately 400 helicopters transported 2,000 soldiers into Iraq where they destroyed Iraqi columns trying to flee westward and prevented the escape of Iraqi forces.[28] The Screaming Eagles would travel an additional fifty to sixty miles into Iraq.[50]:85 By nightfall, the 101st cut off Highway 8 which was a vital supply line running between Basra and the Iraqi forces.[50]:85 The 101st had lost 16 soldiers in action during the 100-hour war and captured thousands of enemy prisoners of war.

Gumanitar yordam

The division has supported humanitarian relief efforts in Ruanda va Somali, then later supplied peacekeepers to Gaiti va Bosniya.

Kosovo

In February 2000 through August 2000 3rd Brigade 1/187 deployed to Kosovo for peacekeeping operations as a part of Task Force Falcon in support of Operation Joint Guardian.

In August 2000, the 2nd Battalion, 327-piyoda polki, as well as some elements from the 502-piyoda polki, helped secure the peace in Kosovo and support the October elections for the formation of the new Kosovo government.

Montana forest fires

In September and October 2000, the 3rd Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment, helped fight fires on the Bitterroot milliy o'rmoni Montanada. Designated Task Force Battle Force and commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Jon S. Lehr, the battalion fought fires throughout the surrounding areas of their Valley Complex near Darby, Montana.[52]

Doimiy erkinlik operatsiyasi

Asosiy maqolalar: Afg'onistondagi urush (2001 yildan hozirgacha) va Doimiy erkinlik operatsiyasi

The 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) was the first unit to deploy in support of the American War on Terrorism.[53] The 101st proved to be very flexible. The 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Division brigade that was used in Afghanistan was used pretty much for counterinsurgency type operations: in other words, they did raids, they did ambushes, they did patrolling, they did a few combat air assaults.[51]

The 2d Brigade, "Strike", built around the 502d Infantry, was largely deployed to Kosovo on peacekeeping operations, with some elements of 3rd Battalion, 502nd, deploying after 9/11 as a security element in the U.S. CENTCOM AOR with the Fort Campbell-based 5-maxsus kuchlar guruhi.

The division quickly deployed its 3rd Brigade, the 187th Infantry's Rakkasanlar, as the first conventional unit to fight as part of Doimiy erkinlik operatsiyasi.[54]

After an intense period of combat in rugged Shoh-I-Khot Mountains of eastern Afg'oniston davomida Anakonda operatsiyasi elementlari bilan 10-tog 'bo'limi, Rakkasanlar redeployed to Fort Campbell only to find the 101st awaiting another deployment order. In 2008, the 101st 4th BCT Red and White "Currahee" including the 1st and the 2nd Battalions, 506th Infantry were deployed to Afghanistan. Elements of 1st Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment participated in joint operations with AQSh armiyasining maxsus kuchlari particularly in the Northern province of Kapisa in the outpost Forward Operating Base (FOB) Kutchsbach. Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 506-piyoda polki performed joint operations with 5th Special Forces Group and 20-maxsus kuchlar guruhi in 2011. The 101st Combat Aviation Brigade deployed to Afghanistan as Task Force Destiny in early 2008 to Bagram Air Base. 159-jangovar aviatsiya brigadasi deployed as Task Force Thunder for 12 months in early 2009, and again in early 2011.[55]

In March 2010, the 101st Combat Aviation Brigade deployed again to Afghanistan as Task Force Destiny to Kandahar Airfield to be the aviation asset in southern Afghanistan.

Iroq ozodligi operatsiyasi

Asosiy maqola: Iroq urushi
3rd Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment alongside Tezkor guruh 121 at Uday and Qusay Husayn yashirinadigan joy.

In 2003, Major General Devid X. Petreus ("Eagle 6") led the Screaming Eagles to war during the 2003 yil Iroqqa bostirib kirish (Iroq ozodligi operatsiyasi ). General Petraeus led the division into Iraq saying, "Guidons, Guidons. This is Eagle 6. The 101st Airborne Division's next Rendezvous with Destiny is North to Baghdad. Op-Ord Desert Eagle 2 is now in effect. Godspeed. Air Assault. Out."[56] The division was in V korpus, qo'llab-quvvatlovchi 3-piyoda diviziyasi by clearing Iraqi strong points which that division had bypassed. 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry (3rd Brigade) was attached to 3rd Infantry Division and was the main effort in clearing Saddam International Airport. The division then served as part of the occupation forces of Iraq, using the city of Mosul as their primary base of operations. 1st and 2d Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment (1st Brigade) oversaw the remote airfield Qayarrah West 30 miles (48 km) south of Mosul. The 502d Infantry Regiment (2d Brigade) and 3d Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment were responsible for Mosul itself while the 187th Infantry Regiment (3d Brigade) controlled Tal Afar just west of Mosul. The 101st Airborne also participated in the Karbala jangi. The city had been bypassed during the advance on Baghdad, leaving American units to clear it in two days of street fighting against Iraqi irregular forces. The 101st Airborne was supported by the 2nd Battalion, 70-zirhli polk with Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 41-piyoda polki, 1-zirhli diviziya.[57] 3D batalyon, 502d piyoda polk, 101st Airborne Division was awarded a Valorous Unit mukofoti for their combat performance.

On the afternoon of 22 July 2003, troops of the 101st Airborne 3/327th Infantry HQ and C-Company, aided by U.S. Special Forces killed Qusay Hussein, his 14-year-old son Mustafa, and his older brother Uday, during a raid on a home in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul.[58] As few as 40 101st Soldiers and 8 Task Force 121 operators were on the scene.[iqtibos kerak ] After Task Force 121 members were wounded, the 3/327th Infantry surrounded and fired on the house with a TOW raketasi, Mark 19 Automatic Grenade Launcher, M2 50 Caliber Machine guns va qurol. After about four hours of battle (the whole operation lasted 6 hours), the soldiers entered the house and found four dead, including the two brothers and their bodyguard. There were reports that Qusay's 14-year-old son Mustapha was the fourth body found. Brig. General Frank Xelmik, the assistant commander of 101st Airborne, commented that all occupants of the house died during the fierce gun battle before U.S. troops entered.[59]

Once replaced by the first operational Stryker Brigade, the 101st was withdrawn in early 2004 for rest and refit. As part of the Army's modular transformation, the existing infantry brigades, artillery brigade, and aviation brigades were transformed. The Army also activated the 4th Brigada jangovar jamoasi, which includes the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 506th Infantry Regiment and subordinate units. Both battalions were part of the 101st in Vietnam but saw their colors inactivated during an Army-wide reflagging of combat battalions in the 1980s.

As of December 2007, 143 members of the division have died while on service in Iraq.[60][yangilanishga muhtoj ]

Second deployment to Iraq

The division's second deployment to Iraq began in the late summer of 2005. The division headquarters replaced the 42-piyoda diviziyasi, which had been directing security operations as the headquarters for Task Force Liberty. Renamed Task Force Band of Brothers, the 101st assumed responsibility on 1 November 2005 for four provinces in north central Iraq: Salah ad Din, As Sulymaniyah. On 30 December 2005, Task Force Band of Brothers also assumed responsibility for training Iroq xavfsizlik kuchlari and conducting security operations in Ninevah and Dahuk provinces as the headquarters for Task Force Freedom was disestablished.[iqtibos kerak ]

During the second deployment, 2d and 4th Brigades of the 101st Airborne Division were assigned to conduct security operations under the command of Task Force Baghdad, led initially by 3d piyoda diviziyasi bilan almashtirildi 4-piyoda diviziyasi. The 1st Battalion of the 506th Infantry (4th Brigade) was separated from the division and served with the Marines in Ramadi, in the Al Anbar province. 3d Brigade was assigned to Saloh ad Din va Bayji sectors and 1st Brigade was assigned to the overall Kerkuk province which included Hawijah.

Task Force Band of Brothers' primary mission during its second deployment to Iraq was the training of Iraqi security forces. When the 101st returned to Iraq, there were no Iraqi units capable of assuming the lead for operations against Iraqi and foreign terrorists. As the division concluded its tour, 33 battalions were in the lead for security in assigned areas, and two of four Iraq divisions in northern Iraq were commanding and controlling subordinate units.

Simultaneously with training Iraqi soldiers and their leaders, 101st soldiers conducted numerous security operations against terroristik hujayralar operating in the division's assigned, six-province area of operations. Swarmer operatsiyasi was the largest air assault operation conducted in Iraq since 22 April 2003. 1st Brigade conducted Scorpion operatsiyasi with Iraqi units near Kirkuk.

Developing other aspects of Iraqi society also figured in 101st operations in Iraq. Diviziya komandiri General-mayor Tomas Tyorner hosted the first governors' conference for the six provinces in the division's area of operations, as well as the neighboring province of Erbil.[61] Numerous civil affairs operations were directed by the division, including the construction and renovation of schools, clinics, police stations, and other important landmarks in civilian communities from Turkey to Baghdad and from the Syrian border to the Iranian border.[iqtibos kerak ]

Afg'onistonga qaytish

While the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigade Combat Teams were deployed to Iraq 2007–2008, the division headquarters, 4th Brigade Combat Team, the 101st Sustainment Brigade, and the 101-jangovar aviatsiya brigadasi keyin 159-jangovar aviatsiya brigadasi were deployed to Afghanistan for one-year tours falling within the 2007–09 window.

2010 yil Afg'oniston

The Division Headquarters, 101-jangovar aviatsiya brigadasi, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 2d Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, and 4th Brigade Combat Team, and the 101st Sustainment Brigade deployed to Afghanistan in 2010. This is the first time since returning from Iraq in 2006 where all four infantry brigades (plus one CAB, SUSBDE) have served in the same combat theater.

On 15 September 2010, the 101st Airborne began a major operation known as Dragon Strike operatsiyasi. Operatsiyadan maqsad Tolibon harakatining vatani bo'lgan Qandahorning strategik janubiy viloyatini qaytarib olish edi. Amaliyot o'tkazilgan hudud koalitsiya qo'shinlari tomonidan "Zulmatning yuragi" deb nomlangan.[62]

2010 yil dekabr oyining oxiriga kelib operatsiyaning asosiy maqsadlari bajarildi. Qandahordagi Tolibon kuchlarining aksariyati viloyatdan chiqib ketgan edi,[63] va ularning etakchiligining katta qismi singan deb aytilgan.[64]

As of 5 June 2011, 131 soldiers had been killed during this deployment, the highest death toll to the 101st Airborne in any single deployment since the Vietnam War.[65]

2011 Afghanistan

2-batalyon, 327-piyoda polki, 101st Airborne Division conducted a major combat operation in Barawala Kalay Valley, Kunar Province, Afghanistan in late March–April 2011. It is known as the Baravala Kalay vodiysidagi jang. It was an operation to close down the Taliban supply route through the Barawala Kalay Valley and to remove the forces of Taliban warlord Qari Ziaur Rahmon Barwala Kalay vodiysidan. The 2nd Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division would suffer 6 killed and 7 wounded during combat operations. It would inflict over 100 casualties on the Taliban and successfully close down the Taliban supply route.[66] ABC News muxbiri Mayk Bettcher sahnada bo'lgan va u buni urush zonalarida bo'lgan 30 yillik hayotida ko'rgan eng shiddatli jang deb atagan.[67]

U.S. Army soldiers with 2nd Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division return fire during a firefight with Taliban forces in Barawala Kalay Valley in Kunar province, Afghanistan, 31 March 2011.

Since the beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom 166 101st Airborne soldiers have died while serving in Iraq.[68]

"Birlashgan yordam" operatsiyasi

In 2014, the 101st Airborne Division Headquarters deployed to west Africa to help contain the spread of Ebola, as part of "Birlashgan yordam" operatsiyasi.

5-maxsus kuchlar guruhi

2015 yilda, 5-maxsus kuchlar guruhi held five training sessions with the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division.[69] The classes covered communications and the operation of all-terrain vehicles. There was also a training session on the operation of TOW raketalari.[69] Prior to these sessions training between U.S. Special Forces and U.S. conventional forces had been uncommon.[69]

2016 Iraq

The U.S. Army sent 500 soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) to Iraq and Kuwait in early 2016 to advise and assist Iraqi Security Forces.[70]

In the recent conflicts the 101st Airborne has been increasingly involved conducting maxsus operatsiyalar especially the training and development of other states' military and security forces and counter-terrorism operations.[71] This is known in the special operations community as xorijiy ichki mudofaa va terrorizmga qarshi kurash. It was announced 14 January 2016 that soldiers of the 101st Airborne would be assigned rotations in Iraq, to train members of the Iraqi ground forces in preparation for action against the Islamic State.[71] Mudofaa vaziri Ash Karter told the 101st Airborne that "The Iraqi and Peshmerga forces you will train, advise and assist have proven their determination, their resiliency, and increasingly, their capability.[71] But they need you to continue building on that success, preparing them for the fight today and the long hard fight for their future. They need your skill. They need your experience."[71]

In Spring 2016, 200 soldiers from 1st Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment replaced a unit of the 26-MEU da Firebase Bell; they used M777 155mm howitzers to provide support to Iraqi forces attacking IS-occupied villages between Makhmour and Mosul.[72] 500 soldiers from the division's headquarters, including its commander Major General Gary J. Volesky, and about 1,300 soldiers from 2nd Brigade Combat Team also deployed to Iraq in the Spring.[73]

On 26 June 2016, it was announced that Iraq had successfully taken back full control of Fallujah from the Iroq Islomiy Davlati (IShID).[74] Iraqi ground troops have been under the direction of the 101st Airborne since early 2016.[71] In summer 2016, Stars and Stripes reported that about 400 soldiers from 2nd Brigade Combat Team will deploy to Iraq as part of the 11 July 2016 announcement by Defense Secretary Ash Carter of the presidential approved deployment of an additional 560 U.S. troops to Iraq to help establish and run a logistics hub at Qayyarah Airfield West, about 40 miles south Mosul, to support Iraqi and coalition troops in the Mosul jangi.[73]

On 26 August 2016, an article from the website War is Boring shows a photo of a 101st Airborne Division M777 гаubitasi crew conducting fire missions during an operation to support Iraqi forces at Kara Soar Base in Iraq on 7 August 2016.[75] The article also confirms that American artillery has been supporting Iraqi forces during its campaign against ISIS.[75]

A trainer with Company A, 1st Battalion 502nd Infantry Regiment, Task Force Strike, 101st Airborne Division assists Iraqi army ranger students during a room clearing drill at Camp Taji, Iraq 18 July 2016.

2016 yil 31-avgustda Clarksville Online 1-batalyondan bo'lgan AQSh askarlari, 502-piyoda polki, Task Force Strike, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), took charge of a Ranger training program for qualified volunteers from Iraqi security forces at Camp Taji, Iraq. 1-502nd kompaniyasi A boshchiligidagi Ranger o'quv dasturi Iroqning elita bo'linmasi uchun poydevor qo'yish uchun mo'ljallangan.[76]

On 21 September 2016, an article from The Leaf Chronicle reported that Battery C, 1st Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Divisionhad been successfully conducting artillery raids against the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. Battery C is said to have executed hundreds of missions and fired thousands of rounds in support of ISF operations since arriving in theatre in late May.[77]

On 17 October 2016, an article from The Leaf Chronicle stated that the 101st Airborne was leading a coalition of 19 nations to support the liberation of Mosul from ISIL. Under the direction of the 101st Iraqi forces have taken back a significant amount of geography from the control of ISIS. This included the liberation of Xit, Falluja va Qayyora.[78]

On 3 November 2016, it was reported that U.S. Army combat engineers were seen just west of the Great Zab River about halfway between the Kurdish city of Irbil and Mosul. They were searching for improvised bombs. They were wearing 101st Airborne Division patches. The soldiers said they were not allowed to talk to the media.[79]

On 17 November 2016, sources reported that the 101st Airborne Division was headed home after a nine-month deployment to Iraq. Over the course of nine months, soldiers from the 101st Airborne helped train the Iraqi government's security forces. They taught marksmanship, basic battlefield medical care and ways to detect and disarm improvised explosive devices.[80] The division helped authorize 6,900 strikes, meant to destroy ISIS hideouts and staging areas.[80] The 101st Airborne played a significant role in the liberation of several Iraqi cities during this deployment.[80]

"Ozodlik qo'riqchisi" operatsiyasi

On 6 September 2016, The U.S. Army announced it will deploy about 1,400 soldiers from 3-brigada jangovar jamoasi to Afghanistan in fall 2016, in support of "Ozodlik qo'riqchisi" operatsiyasi – the U.S. counter-terrorism operation against the remnants of al-Qaeda, IShID – K and other terror groups.[81] Senior leadership referred to the 3rd Brigade Combat Team as being exceptional.[82] Brig. Gen. Scott Brower stated that the Rakkasans are trained, well-led, and prepared to accomplish any mission given to them.[82]

Somalida urush

In mid-April 2017, it was reported that 40 soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division were deployed to Somalia on 2 April 2017 to improve the capabilities of the Somali armiyasi in combating Islamist militants. AFRIKOM stated that the troops will focus on bolstering the Somali army's logistics capabilities; an AFRICOM spokesman said that "This mission is not associated with teaching counterextremism tactics" and that the Somali government requested the training.[83]

Hurmat

Aksiyada ishtirok etish krediti

  • Birinchi jahon urushi g'alabasi medali ribbon.svg World War I (2nd and 3rd Brigades only):
  1. Yuz kunlik tajovuz (also known as the Battle of Saint-Quentin or the Second Battle of the Somme);
  2. Meuse-Argonne tajovuzkor;
  3. Pikardiya 1918 yil
  • Evropa-Afrika-Yaqin Sharq kampaniyasi ribbon.svg World War II (except 159th Aviation Brigade):
  1. Normandiya (with arrowhead);
  2. Reynland (o'q uchi bilan);
  3. Ardennes -Elzas;
  4. Markaziy Evropa
  1. Defense (1st Brigade only);
  2. Counteroffensive (1st Brigade only);
  3. Counteroffensive, Phase II (1st Brigade only)
  4. Qarshi hujum, III bosqich;
  5. Tet qarshi hujum;
  6. Qarshi hujum, IV bosqich;
  7. Qarshi hujum, V bosqich;
  8. Qarshi hujum, VI bosqich;
  9. Tet 1969/Counteroffensive;
  10. 1969 yil yoz-kuz;
  11. 1970 yil qish-bahor;
  12. Sanktuary qarshi hujum;
  13. Qarshi hujum, VII bosqich;
  14. I konsolidatsiya;
  15. Konsolidatsiya II
  • Janubi-g'arbiy Osiyo xizmatining medali lentasi (1991–2016) .svg Southwest Asia (Except 159th Aviation Brigade):
  1. Saudiya Arabistoni mudofaasi;
  2. Quvaytni ozod qilish va mudofaasi
  • Qurolli kuchlar ekspeditsiya medali ribbon.svg Gaiti
  • Afg'oniston kampaniyasi medali ribbon.svg Afg'oniston
  • Iroq kampaniyasi medali ribbon.svg Iroq

Bezaklar

  • Prezident bo'limi ma'lumotnomasi (Army) for NORMANDY (Division and 1st Brigade only)
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for BASTOGNE (Division and 1st Brigade only)
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for DAK TO, VIETNAM 1966 (1st Brigade only)
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for DONG AP BIA MOUNTAIN (3rd Brigade only)
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for AFGHANISTAN 2010–2011 (2nd Brigade only)
  • Valorous Unit Award for THUA THIEN PROVINCE (3rd Brigade and DIVARTY only)
  • Valorous Unit Award for TUY HOA (1st Brigade only)
  • Valorous Unit Award for AN NAJAF (1st Brigade only)
  • Valorous Unit Award for AFGHANISTAN 2010 (3rd Brigade only)
  • Valorous Unit Award for AFGHANISTAN 2010–2011 (2nd Brigade only)
  • Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for VIETNAM 1965–1966 (1st Brigade only)
  • Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for VIETNAM 1968 (3rd Brigade only)
  • Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for SOUTHWEST ASIA (Except 159th Aviation Brigade)
  • Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for IRAQ 2003–2004 (1st Brigade only)
  • Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for IRAQ 2005–2006 (4th Brigade only)
  • French Croix de guerre with Palm, World War II for NORMANDY (Division and 1st Brigade only)
  • Belgian Croix de guerre 1940 with Palm for BASTOGNE (Division and 1st Brigade only);
  • Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action at BASTOGNE (Division and 1st Brigade only)
  • Belgiyalik Fourragère 1944 (Division and 1st Brigade Only)
  • Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in FRANCE AND BELGIUM (Division and 1st Brigade only)
  • Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1966–1967 (1st Brigade only)
  • Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1968 (2d Brigade only)
  • Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1968–1969 (Except 159th Aviation Brigade)
  • Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1971 (Except 159th Aviation Brigade)
  • Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class for VIETNAM 1968–1970 (Except 159th Aviation Brigade)
  • Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class for VIETNAM 1970 (DIVARTY only)
  • Navy/Marine Unit Commendation (Army) for Iraq 2005–2006 (4th Brigade only)
  • Birgalikda xizmat ko'rsatgan maqtovlar for Afghanistan 2008–2009 (5–101 AVN only) Joint Meritorious Unit Award for Haiti Operation Uphold Democracy (101st MP CO only)

Taniqli a'zolar

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

Izohlar

  1. ^ Polkovnik Uilyam L. Tyorner, Kolorado. Polkovnik Tyorner ertasi kuni jangda o'ldirilgan
  2. ^ Polkovnik-leytenant Robert Kerol (1/501), podpolkovnik Robert L. Vulverton (3/506-chi) va mayor Jorj S. Grant (3/506)
  3. ^ Polkovnik Jonson 1944 yil 8 oktyabrda Gollandiyada jangda o'ldirilgan.
  4. ^ Patch 7-iyun kuni 1-batalyon komandiri vazifasini bajaruvchi bo'ldi va keyinchalik 3/506 ga podpolkovnik sifatida qo'mondonlik qildi. Ham Patch, ham Raudshteyn DSC mukofotiga sazovor bo'lishdi.
  5. ^ CCB 3-tank batalyonidan iborat edi, 20-zirhli piyoda batalyoni, C Company 21-tank batalyoni, B kompaniyasi 54-zirhli piyoda batalyoni, C Company 609-tankni yo'q qiladigan batalyon, 420-zirhli dala artilleriya batalyoni va uchta yordamchi qo'shin.
  6. ^ Yong'oqlar bir nechta narsani anglatishi mumkin Amerika ingliz tili jargon. Ammo bu holda, u rad etishni anglatar edi va nemislarga "Jahannamga bor!"

Iqtiboslar

  1. ^ "Maxsus birlik belgilari". www.history.army.mil. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining harbiy tarix markazi. 21 Aprel 2010. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2009 yil 31 mayda. Olingan 9 iyul 2010.
  2. ^ Sof, Erik. "101-havo-desant: Dunyoda buni qila oladigan yagona birlik". special-ops.org.
  3. ^ "Mudofaa yangiliklari" GEYTS SPIARNING MASLAHATI UChUN 101-HAVONI MASHLAYDI'". Defencenews-online.com. 2010-12-08. Olingan 2017-02-27.
  4. ^ Kelly, Jek (2002 yil 15-fevral). "Harbiy kuchlarni kuchaytirish uchun armiya bo'linmalarini qayta tuzing". Baltimor quyoshi. Olingan 27 avgust 2016.
  5. ^ a b Payk, Jon. "101-havo-desant diviziyasi (havo hujumi)". www.globalsecurity.org.
  6. ^ a b v d e f "Nasab va sharaflar haqida ma'lumot: bo'linmalar". AQSh armiyasining harbiy tarix markazi veb-sayti. Olingan 14 mart 2012.
  7. ^ "AQSh armiyasining bo'linmalari ETOda". AQSh armiyasining harbiy tarix markazi veb-sayti. Olingan 14 mart 2012.
  8. ^ 1919–1941 yillarda AQSh armiyasining jangovar ordeni. 278
  9. ^ "Fort Kempbellning rasmiy veb-sayti va 101-desant diviziyasi (havo hujumi)". AQSh armiyasi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2017 yil 21 yanvarda. Olingan 11 noyabr 2015.
  10. ^ Li, Uilyam C. (2006) [1945]. Fillips, Devid J. (tahr.) "101-desant epikasi: AQSh 101-desant diviziyasining tasviriy biografiyasi". Jamiyat bilan aloqalar bo'limi. Olingan 3 iyun 2012.
  11. ^ "D-kuni 82 va 101-bo'limlar". warchronicle.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 18 mayda. Olingan 23 fevral 2016.
  12. ^ a b Guard, Julie (2007). Havodan: Ikkinchi Jahon urushi jangchilaridagi desantchilar. Nyu-York: Osprey nashriyoti. p. 184. ISBN  978-1-84603-196-0.
  13. ^ "Havodagi hujum". Yuta sohilidan Cherburgga. Amerika kuchlari harakat seriyasida. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining harbiy tarix markazi. CMH Pub 100-12. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2009 yil 7 sentyabrda. Olingan 5 iyul 2007.
  14. ^ Rayt, Robert K.; Jon T. Grinvud (2007). Urushdagi havo-desant kuchlari: Parashyut sinovi vzvodidan XXI asrgacha. Dengiz instituti matbuoti. p. 62. ISBN  978-1-59114-028-3.
  15. ^ a b Gill, Ronald; Groves, Jon (2006) [1946]. Evropadagi klublar yo'li: 30 korpus tarixi D-Day dan 1945 yil maygacha. MLRS kitoblari. ISBN  978-1-905696-24-6.
  16. ^ Randall, p. 33
  17. ^ "Bulge jangi". Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2009 yil 7 sentyabrda. Olingan 5 sentyabr 2009.
  18. ^ Marshall, 177-bet
  19. ^ O'Donnel, Patrik. ""NUTS! "Qayta ko'rib chiqildi". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2009 yil 7 sentyabrda. Olingan 5 sentyabr 2009.
  20. ^ Bando P.188
  21. ^ "Bastogne jangi". Ikkinchi jahon urushi faktlari. Olingan 16 dekabr 2013.
  22. ^ "101-desant diviziyasi". Holokost Entsiklopediyasi. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Holokost yodgorlik muzeyi. Olingan 28 avgust 2016.
  23. ^ a b v d e Armiya jangida halok bo'lganlar va jangsiz o'limlar, yakuniy hisobot (Statistika va buxgalteriya bo'limi, general-adyutant idorasi, 1953 yil 1-iyun)
  24. ^ "Havodagi 508-bob - Regt. Tarix". Red-devils.org. Olingan 24 iyun 2013.
  25. ^ Osro Kobb, Arkanzaslik Osro Kobb: Tarixiy ahamiyatga ega xotiralar, Kerol Griffi, tahrir. (Little Rok, Arkanzas: Rose Publishing Company, 1989), p. 238
  26. ^ a b Stanton, Shelby (2003). Vetnam jang tartibi. Stackpole kitoblari. p. 85. ISBN  9780811700719.
  27. ^ "Vetnamdagi 101-desant diviziyasi". 101-havo-desant diviziyasi Vetnam faxriylari tashkiloti. Olingan 2016-08-27.
  28. ^ a b Anderson P.8
  29. ^ a b "Vetnamdagi 101-jangovar rekord" tengsiz "| sharhlar". Fortcampbellcourier.com. 2010-01-21. Olingan 2016-08-27.
  30. ^ p. 33 Rottman, Gordon L. AQSh armiyasining Vetnamdagi uzoq masofali patrul skauti 1965–71 Osprey nashriyoti, 2008 yil
  31. ^ Salloh va Vayss, Tiger Force, 22–23.
  32. ^ Salloh va Vayss, Tiger Force, 13–14, 23, 224.
  33. ^ "Pichoq". Toledoblade.com. Olingan 2016-08-27.
  34. ^ [1][o'lik havola ]
  35. ^ Salloh va Vayss, Tiger Force, 335, 339–346, 350–352, 354–355, 359, 361–362, 367–369, 374–375, 376.
  36. ^ Salloh va Vayss, Tiger Force, 383.
  37. ^ Salloh va Vayss, Tiger Force, 306.
  38. ^ "Vetnamdagi harbiy jinoyatlar". Socialworker.org. 2003-11-14. Olingan 2016-08-27.
  39. ^ "Bombardimonlar Ripkord yaqinidagi Vetnamdagi lagerlarni urishdi".. Vashington Post. 25 iyul 1970. A12-bet. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2007 yil 30 sentyabrda. Olingan 4 aprel 2007.
  40. ^ Sharpe va Dunstan p.90
  41. ^ "1970 yil Currahee formasi". 506infantry.org. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 4 aprelda. Olingan 1 dekabr 2015.
  42. ^ "Qichqirayotgan burgutlar parashyut namoyish guruhi". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 12 fevralda. Olingan 23 mart 2011.
  43. ^ Larter, Devid (2017 yil 30-may). "Falokat bilan sakrashning halokatli SEAL avtohalokati elita birligi uchun to'rt yil ichidagi beshinchi voqea". Navy Times. Olingan 3 mart 2020.
  44. ^ "Armiya Copters to'qnashuvida 17 o'lim". Nyu-York Tayms. Olingan 24 may 2014.
  45. ^ "Uchuvchisiz xato, dizayn aviahalokatda keltirilgan". Tel-sim xizmatlari. Olingan 24 may 2014.
  46. ^ Shmikli, Dennis (2001). Avionika bo'yicha qo'llanma (PDF). 7-bob - Tungi ko'rish ko'zoynagi: CRC Press MChJ.CS1 tarmog'i: joylashuvi (havola)
  47. ^ http://semo.edu/pdf/showmegold-AA-guide.pdf
  48. ^ Ailsby P.18,19,91
  49. ^ "Jangchilarni tayyorlash markazi Havodan hujum qilish maktabining qo'llanmasi" (PDF). Janubi-sharqiy Missuri shtati universiteti. Olingan 25 mart 2017.
  50. ^ a b v d e f g h Bryant, Rass; Bryant, Syuzan (2007). Qichqirgan burgutlar: 101-desant diviziyasi. MBI nashriyot kompaniyasi. ISBN  9780760331224.
  51. ^ a b "'101-chi qichqiriq burgutlari jasur tarixga ega - 2003 yil 7 fevral ". CNN.com. Olingan 2017-01-15.
  52. ^ "Yovvoyi tabiatdagi o't o'chirishda harbiy yordam, 1988-2003". Milliy idoralararo yong'in markazi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2007 yil 8 iyunda. Olingan 2017-03-25.
  53. ^ "Doimiy erkinlik operatsiyasi - tarqatish". globalsecurity.org. Olingan 10 sentyabr 2008.
  54. ^ Gonsales, Doniyor. "Barqarorlik operatsiyalarida tarmoq kuchlari: 101-havo-desant diviziyasi, Iroqning shimolidagi 3/2 va 1/25 Stryker brigadalari". RAND korporatsiyasi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2012 yil 16-iyulda. Olingan 28 iyun 2011.
  55. ^ Karl, Stefani L. (2011 yil 23-fevral). "Ishchi guruh momaqaldirog'i Afg'onistonga kirib keldi". AQSh armiyasi. Olingan 24 sentyabr 2012.
  56. ^ Broadwell, Pola; Vernon Loeb (2012 yil 24-yanvar). Hammasi: General Devid Petreusning ta'limi. Pingvin. p.147. ISBN  978-1-101-55230-8. Olingan 31 oktyabr 2012.
  57. ^ "2-BATALION 70-ARMOR" DEMIR TIGERS "- Uy". Irontigers.org. Olingan 2016-08-27.
  58. ^ Nil MacFarquhar (2003 yil 23-iyul). "Urushdan keyin: Xuseynning Shootoutda 2 O'g'li O'lik, deydi AQSh". The New York Times.
  59. ^ Ragavan, Sudarsan; Miller, Greg (2003 yil 22-iyul). "Vashington Post maqola ". Washington Post. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2010 yil 9 martda. Olingan 21 avgust 2012.
  60. ^ "Iroq koalitsiyasining talofatlari: AQShdagi halokatlar - bo'linishlar bo'yicha". iCasualties.org. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2008 yil 9-yanvarda. Olingan 25 mart 2017.
  61. ^ "Iroqning yangi elchisi Vashingtonga murojaat qildi". Operation Iroq Ozodlik veb-sayti. 13 Aprel 2006. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2007 yil 12-yanvarda. Olingan 21 may 2007.
  62. ^ Xastings, Debora (2010 yil 27 sentyabr). "Dragon Strike operatsiyasi: Qandahor uchun jang boshlanadi". AOL News. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2012 yil 4 oktyabrda. Olingan 2017-03-25.
  63. ^ O't, Karlotta; Xapalvak, Ruhulloh (2010 yil 15-dekabr). "NATO ittifoqi Qandahorda Tolibonni to'siq deb topdi". The New York Times. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 27 noyabrda. Olingan 25 mart 2017.
  64. ^ Jon Boon. "Afg'oniston Tolibon rahbariyati AQShning kuchli harbiy kampaniyasidan ajraldi | Dunyo yangiliklari". Guardian. Olingan 2017-02-27.
  65. ^ Hall, Kristin M. (2011 yil 5-iyun). "101-armiya afg'onistonning to'lqinlangan yili uchun yuqori narxni to'laydi. Associated Press. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 10 iyunda. Olingan 1 dekabr 2015.
  66. ^ """Barawala Kalay" da bo'shashmasdan batalyon yo'q. longwarjournal.org. Olingan 1 iyun 2016.
  67. ^ "101-havo desanti Tolibonni egallab oldi". ABC News. 2011 yil 4 aprel. Olingan 1 iyun 2016.
  68. ^ "Iroq ozodligi operatsiyasining halok bo'lgan qahramonlari - bazalar ro'yxati". Fallenheroesmemorial.com. Olingan 2016-08-27.
  69. ^ a b v Maxafi, Jeykob (2015 yil 23-yanvar). "SF, Bastogne Soldiers mashg'ulot uchun kuchlarni birlashtiradi (Chiqish raqami: 150123-01)". Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining maxsus operatsiyalar qo'mondonligi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2016 yil 22 sentyabrda. Olingan 25 mart 2017.
  70. ^ Blok, Gordon (2015-11-06). "Armiya Iroq armiyasining mashg'ulotlarini nazorat qilish uchun 101-havo-desant askarlarini jalb qiladi". Military.com. Olingan 2016-08-27.
  71. ^ a b v d e https://www.stripes.com/carter-to-army-s-101st-you-will-prepare-iraqis-to-retake-mosul-1.388603#.WdbFreSWzIU
  72. ^ "Iroqda" Islomiy davlat "ga qarshi birinchi marta Apache vertolyotlari ishlatilgan". yulduzlar va chiziqlar. 14 iyun 2016 yil.
  73. ^ a b "101-havo-desant askarlari" Islomiy davlat "guruhiga qarshi kurash olib borishdi". yulduzlar va chiziqlar. 2016 yil 5-avgust.
  74. ^ Al, Fadel (2016-06-26). "Iroq Fallujani to'liq nazoratini" Islomiy davlat "dan oladi", deydi harbiylar.. Duluth News Tribune. Olingan 2016-08-27.
  75. ^ a b "Amerika artilleriyasi Iroq va Suriyadagi" Islomiy davlat "ga qarshi zarba bermoqda". Warisboring.com. Olingan 2017-01-15.
  76. ^ "101-chi havo askarlari Iroqning elita kuchlarini Ranger tayyorlash bilan birga qurishmoqda - Clarksville, TN Online". Clarksvilleonline.com. 2016-08-31. Olingan 2017-01-15.
  77. ^ "101-havo-desant askarlari Iroq frontidagi janglarda muvaffaqiyat qozonmoqda". Theleafchronicle.com. 2016-09-21. Olingan 2017-01-15.
  78. ^ "Mosuldagi 101-havo-desant etakchi koalitsiyasi IShIDga qarshi kurashmoqda". Theleafchronicle.com. 2016-10-17. Olingan 2017-01-15.
  79. ^ Abdul, Qassim (2016-11-03). "Armiya Iroqqa 1700 desantchi yuboradi". Military.com. Olingan 2017-02-27.
  80. ^ a b v "Mosulga qarshi hujum paytida Iroqda 101-havo samolyoti ishdan bo'shatildi". Nashvill jamoat radiosi. 2016-01-13. Olingan 2017-01-15.
  81. ^ "Armiya Afg'onistonga 101-desant-askarlarni yuboradi". harbiy.com. 6 sentyabr 2016 yil.
  82. ^ a b Abdul, Qassim (2016-09-06). "Armiya Afg'onistonga 101-desantli askarlarni yuboradi". Military.com. Olingan 2017-02-27.
  83. ^ "101-havo-desant qo'shinlari Somaliga o'quv vazifasini bajarish uchun joylashtirilgan". Yulduzlar va chiziqlar. 2017 yil 14 aprel.
  84. ^ "'Shampun yulduzi Jek Uorden 85 yoshida vafot etdi. Today.com. 21 iyul 2006 yil.
  85. ^ Nelson, Valeri J. (2006 yil 22-iyul). "Jek Uorden, 85; serqirra film, televidenie aktyori". Los-Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 12 oktyabr 2008.
  86. ^ Sport Illustrated, O'quvchilarning maktubi, 15 iyun 1970 yil

Qo'shimcha o'qish

  • Russ va Syuzan Brayant tomonidan qichqirgan burgutlar 101-sonli aviatsiya bo'limi
  • Berns, Richard R. Pathfinder: birinchi, oxirgi chiqish. Nyu-York: Ballantin kitoblari, 2002 yil. ISBN  0804116024
  • Vetnamda 101-chi samolyot. Maykl Sharpe va Saymon Dunstanning "Qichqirgan burgutlari"
  • Blekmon, Jimmi. Pale Horse: Terroristlarni ovlash va 101-desant diviziyasi bilan Qahramonlarni qo'mondonlik qilish. Nyu-York: 2016 yil.
  • Qichqirgan burgutlar Kristofer J. Anderson tomonidan D-Day-dan Desert Storm-ga 101-chi aviatsiya bo'limi
  • Eilsbi, Kristofer (2000). Gitlerning osmon jangchilari: Harakatdagi nemis parashyutchilari, 1939–1945. Staplehurst, Buyuk Britaniya: Spellmount Limited. ISBN  1-86227-109-7.

Tashqi havolalar

Oldingi
1-piyoda diviziyasi		 Mintaqaviy qo'mondonlik Sharq
2013 yil - joriy		Muvaffaqiyatli
10-tog 'bo'limi
Oldingi
82-havo-desant diviziyasi		 Mintaqaviy qo'mondonlik Sharq
2010–2011		Muvaffaqiyatli
1-otliq diviziyasi