Stryker - Stryker

Ushbu maqola transport vositasi haqida. Tibbiy asbob-uskunalar ishlab chiqaradigan kompaniya uchun qarang Stryker korporatsiyasi. Boshqa maqsadlar uchun qarang Stryker (ajralish).

ICV Stryker
Stryker ICV old q.jpg
M1126 Stryker ICV
TuriBronetransportyor – Piyoda jangovar vositasi gibrid[1]
Kelib chiqish joyiKanada /Qo'shma Shtatlar
Xizmat tarixi
Xizmatda2002 yil - hozirgi kunga qadar
Tomonidan ishlatilganQo'shma Shtatlar (qarang Operatorlar batafsil ma'lumot uchun quyida)
Ishlab chiqarish tarixi
Ishlab chiqaruvchiGeneral Dynamics Land Systems – [2][3]
Birlik narxiAQSH$ 4,9 million (2012)[4]
Yo'q qurilgan~ 4.900, shu jumladan AQSh armiyasida 4.466 transport vositasi[5]
Texnik xususiyatlari
MassaICV: 18.16 qisqa tonna (16.47 t )
MGS: 20,69 qisqa tonna (18,77 tonna)
Uzunlik22 fut 10 dyuym (6.95 m)
Kengligi8 fut 11 dyuym (2.72 m)
Balandligi8 fut 8 dyuym (2,64 m)
EkipajO'zgaradi, odatda 2
Yo'lovchilar9 gacha
Zirh14,5 mm chidamli[6]
Asosiy
qurollanish
0,50 dyuym (12,7 mm) M2 avtomati, 40 mm MK 19 granata otish moslamasi o'rnatilgan Himoyachi uzoqdan qurol stantsiyasi yoki 30 mm Mk44 Bushmaster II qurol (Stryker Dragoons-da)
105 mm M68A2 qurol (yoqilgan M1128 mobil qurol tizimi )
Ikkilamchi
qurollanish
0,50 dyuym (12,7 mm) M2 va 7,62 mm M240 pulemyotlar (M1128 Mobile Gun tizimida)
DvigatelCaterpillar C7
350 ot kuchi (260 kVt)
Quvvat / vaznICV: 19,3 ot kuchi / sh tonna (15,8 kVt / tonna)
To'xtatish8 × 8 g'ildirakli
Operatsion
oralig'i
310 milya (500 km)
Maksimal tezlik 60 milya (97 km / soat)[7]

The ICV (piyoda transport vositasi) Stryker oila sakkiz g'ildirakli[iqtibos kerak ] zirhli jangovar texnika Kanadadan olingan LAV III. Stryker transport vositalari tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan General Dynamics Land Systems uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi. U 4 g'ildirakli haydovchiga ega (8 × 4) va uni to'liq g'ildirakka (8 × 8) o'tkazish mumkin.[8]

Ushbu transport vositasi vafotidan keyin olgan AQSh bilan aloqasi bo'lmagan ikki askar uchun nomlangan "Shuhrat" medali: Xususiy birinchi sinf Styuart S. Strayker, vafot etgan Ikkinchi jahon urushi va to'rtinchi mutaxassis Robert F. Strayker, vafot etgan Vetnam urushi. [9]

Rivojlanish tarixi

Fon

1999 yil oktyabrda general Erik Shinseki, keyin AQSh armiyasi bosh shtabi boshlig'i, armiyani post-moslashishga imkon beradigan o'zgartirish rejasini bayon qildi.Sovuq urush shartlar. "Maqsadli kuch" deb nomlangan reja asosida armiya egiluvchan doktrinani qabul qilishi kerak edi, bu esa uni tezda joylashtirishi va turli operatsiyalar uchun jihozlanishi mumkin edi.[10] Rejaning dastlabki bosqichida og'ir va og'ir qurollangan, ammo osonlikcha joylashtirilmaydigan transport vositalari o'rtasidagi imkoniyatlar oralig'ini to'ldirishga mo'ljallangan "Vaqtinchalik zirhli transport vositasi" ni ishga tushirishni talab qildilar, masalan M2 Bredli kabi engil qurollangan va himoyalangan, osonlikcha tarqatiladigan transport vositalari Xumvi.[11] Bu "vaqtinchalik" zirhli transport vositasi deb nomlangan, chunki u dastlab vaqtincha harakatlanadigan engil havo harakatlanuvchi transport vositalaridan tortib to Kelajakdagi jangovar tizimlar Yerdan boshqariladigan transport vositalari dastur onlayn bo'lib chiqdi, ularning hech biri dastur bekor qilinmasdan oldin amalga oshirildi.[12] Jadvaldan qariyb bir yarim yil orqada qolgan General Motors - General Dynamics jamoasi 2000 yil noyabr oyida Kanadaning bir varianti bo'lgan 2131 dona avtomobil ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha 8 milliard dollarlik shartnoma bilan taqdirlandi. LAV III 2008 yilgacha oltita tezkor tarqatish brigadasi jangovar guruhlarini jihozlash uchun.[13] United Defence dekabr oyida shartnoma mukofotiga norozilik bildirdi va ularning taklifi General Motors-General Dynamics taklifining yarmidan kamiga teng ekanligini aytdi. The Bosh buxgalteriya idorasi 2001 yil aprelida norozilikni rad etdi.[14]

AQSh armiyasi kotibining yordamchisi Pol J. Xuper IAVni "dunyodagi ushbu sinfda mavjud bo'lgan eng yaxshi jihozlar" deb atadi, ammo armiyada ko'pchilik avtoulovlar duch kelishi mumkin bo'lgan vositalar bilan taqqoslaganda yo'qmi deb hayron bo'lishdi. jangda.[13] 2002 yil 27 fevralda armiya rasmiy ravishda vaqtinchalik zirhli transport vositasini Stryker deb o'zgartirdi.[9]

Ishlab chiqarish

Stryker IFV salonining ichki qismi

2002 yilda, Stryker dasturi qonunchilar, jumladan sobiq kongressmen tanqidiga uchraganligi sababli Nyut Gingrich, Pentagon rasmiylari 4,5 milliard dollar tejash uchun rejalashtirilgan Stryker Brigada jangovar jamoalari sonini oltitadan uchtagacha qisqartirishga qaror qildilar. Oktyabr oyida Stryker FZR 130 da qonunchilar uchun havo harakatchanligi namoyish etildi Endryus aviabazasi. Da Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining uyushmasi, Armiya shtabi boshlig'i Erik Shinseki oltita brigada rejasini himoya qildi va C-130 Strykerni har tomonga, lekin yon tomonga ko'tarib yurishi mumkinligi bilan maqtandi.[15]

Mudofaa vaziri bilan 2004 yil moliyaviy yiliga mo'ljallangan DoD byudjet taklifida to'rtta brigada moliyalashtirildi Donald Ramsfeld 2003 yil iyul oyiga qadar ikkita qo'shimcha qaror qabul qilishni keyinga qoldirish. May oyida armiya Stryker-ni dastlabki operatsion qobiliyatini tayyorladi Fort Polk. The New York Times dastur 1999 yilda boshlanganidan boshlab tezkorligini ta'kidladi.[16]

2003 yil noyabr oyida 311 ta Stryker avtomashinalari joylashtirildi Iroq urushi, bu erda ular aralash muvaffaqiyatni ko'rishdi.[17] Hech qachon oldingi jang uchun mo'ljallanmagan transport vositalari, ammo qondirilmagan ehtiyojga ega bo'lgan qo'zg'olonchilarning rollariga siqib qo'yilgan.[18]

Qo'zg'olonchilarning kutilmagan darajada qattiq qarshilik ko'rsatishi avtomobilning zirhini yangilashga undadi. Tahdidiga qarshi turish raketa bombalari, General Dynamics rivojlandi zirhli zirh, bu avtomobil og'irligiga 5000 funt (2270 kg) qo'shdi. Yangilanishlar qimmatga tushdi: dalada harakatlanishga to'sqinlik qilishdan tashqari, qo'shimcha og'irlik transport vositasini C-130 bilan olib o'tishni istisno qildi.[18]

2005 yil fevral oyida armiya shtabi boshlig'i general. Piter J. Skomaker aytdi Qurolli kuchlar qo'mitasi bu "biz Strykerning qilgan ishlariga mutlaqo g'ayrat bilan qaraymiz". Biroq, AQSh armiyasining 2004 yil dekabridan oshkor qilingan hisobotida Stryker "faqat kichik hajmdagi kutilmagan holatlarda foydalanish cheklovlari bilan samarali va omon qolishi mumkinligi" aytilgan. Mosuldagi Stryker xodimlarining fikr-mulohazalarini hisobga olgan holda, hisobotda dizayndagi kamchiliklar tasvirlangan va transport vositalarining samaradorligi "tobora yomonlashib bormoqda".[17]

Stryker 105 mm M1128 mobil qurol tizimi (MGS) 2005 yilda baholash uchun past stavkali dastlabki ishlab chiqarishga o'tdi,[19] va 2007 yilda to'liq ishlab chiqarishga kirdi.[20] General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada AQSh armiyasi uchun Stryker-ni Ontario shtatidagi Londondagi zavodda yig'adi.[21]

Ushbu vosita Stryker Brigade jangovar jamoalarida, engil va harakatlanuvchi qismlarda joylashgan brigada jangovar jamoasi harbiylar bilan bog'langan transport vositalariga asoslangan doktrin C4Men (Buyruq, boshqaruv, aloqa, kompyuterlar va razvedka) tarmoqlar.

General Dynamics-ning Robotik tizimlar bo'limi rivojlanayotgan edi avtonom navigatsiya Stryker va boshqa bir qancha transport vositalari uchun 237 million dollarlik shartnoma imzolanib, dastur 2011 yil iyulida to'xtatilgunga qadar.[22] Tank avtoulovi tadqiqot, ishlab chiqarish va muhandislik markazi (TARDEC) ham faolni sinovdan o'tkazdi magneto reologik suspenziya tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan MillenWorks Stryker uchun Yumaning isbotlash maydonchasi, bu esa avtomobilning barqarorligini oshirishga olib keldi.[23]

2011 yildan boshlab 1000 dan ortiq Stryker avtoulovlari qayta tiklandi Anniston armiyasi ombori va operatsiyaga qaytdi.[24]

Yangilanishlar

Stryker da Fort Irwin milliy o'quv markazi

Xizmat qilgan barcha yillar davomida Stryker turli xil omon qolish qobiliyatini yangilagan va transport vositasining hujumlarga qarshi turish qobiliyatini yaxshilashga mo'ljallangan "to'plam" dasturlarini olgan.[25]

AQSh armiyasi Stryker rusumidagi avtoulov parkini takomillashtirilgan vositalar yordamida yaxshilashni rejalashtirmoqda yarim faol suspenziya, korpusni sayoz qilib o'zgartiradigan modifikatsiyalar V shaklidagi tuzilish, himoya qilish qo'lbola portlovchi moslamalar (IED). Shuningdek, yon tomonlar uchun qo'shimcha zirhlar, zirhdagi bo'shliqlarni minimallashtirish uchun qayta ishlangan lyuklar, portlashga qarshi changni yutish vositasi, minalarga chidamli o'tiradigan joylar, yonmaydigan shinalar, masofadan turib qurollanish stantsiyasining yangilanishi, yo'lda o'q otish imkoniyatini beradi, 500 ga oshdi amper elektr energiyasini ishlab chiqarish, qattiq elektr energiyasini taqsimlashning yangi tizimi va ma'lumotlar uzatish avtobusi, shuningdek avtomobil va elektr stantsiyalari tizimlarining takomillashtirilishi avtomobillarning umumiy og'irligining to'rtdan bir qismiga teng. Yangilangan V-korpus ushbu yangilanishlarning ko'pchiligini hal qiladigan yangi StrykShield vaziyatni xabardor qilish to'plamining bir qismi bo'ladi. Allegheny Technologies 'ATI 500-MIL zirhli po'lati 2008 yilda StrykShield to'plami uchun asosiy zirhli qoplama sifatida tanilgan.[26]

O'rganilgan saboqlarni o'z ichiga olgan zamonaviylashtirish Afg'onistondagi jang LAV-H va belgilangan Umumiy dinamikasi 2007 yil Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining uyushmasi (AUSA) ko'rgazmasida namoyish etilgan texnologiya namoyishchisi.[27] 2010 yil mart oyida General Dynamics va Army kompaniyasi Stryker dizayniga ikkita V-korpusni kiritish ustida ish olib borayotgani haqida xabar berilgan edi.[28][29][30][31] 2010 yil iyul oyida armiya GDLSga yangi korpus ishlab chiqarishni boshlash uchun 30 million dollarlik shartnoma imzoladi.[32]

2011 yil 9 martda Mudofaa vazirligining tezkor sinovlar va baholash bo'yicha direktori yangi V-korpus dizayni Afg'oniston hududida uzoq muddatli missiyalar uchun "mos emas" deb guvohlik berdi. Muammolar haydovchining tor joyi va qobiliyatsiz haydovchini chiqarib olish uchun joyni bo'shatish qiyinligi bilan bog'liq. General Dynamics ushbu muammolar yangi Stryker versiyasi joylashtirilishidan oldin tuzatilishini aytdi.[33] Yangilash, shuningdek, avtomobilga sezilarli og'irlik qo'shdi, bu esa uning yumshoq erga tushishiga olib kelishi mumkin.[34]

2011 yil iyul oyida Stryker avtomashinasining 450 ta Double V-Hull (DVH) variantiga buyurtma berildi; Jami bir necha oydan keyin 742 ga, keyin 2012 yilda 760 ga ko'tarildi. DVH Strykers tarkibiga yangi korpus konfiguratsiyasi, zirhning ko'payishi, to'xtatib turish va tormoz tizimlarining yangilanishi, kengroq shinalar, portlashni susaytiradigan o'rindiqlar va balandlikni boshqarish tizimi kiradi.[35][36][37]

2012 yil avgustga kelib, armiyaning Stryker parki tarkibiga 41187 dan ortiq transport vositasi kirdi, ularning 10 ta pastki tekis variantlari va 7 tasi V-korpusli dizaynlarda. Afg'onistonda u 96 foiz tayyorlikni saqlab qoldi. Mavjud parkni yangilash uchun Armiya muhandislarni o'zgartirish taklifini (ECP) kuchliroq dvigatel, takomillashtirilgan to'xtatib turish, ko'proq elektr energiyasi va yangi avlod tarmoqlari va hisoblash texnologiyalari bilan ta'minlash dasturini amalga oshirdi. ECPning 1-bosqichi joriy 570-ni almashtirish orqali elektr energiyasini yangilashni o'z ichiga oladiamp alternator mavjud bo'lgan 350 ot kuchiga ega dvigatelni 450 ot kuchiga ega dvigatelga almashtiradigan yuqori tok kuchi bilan ishlaydigan 910 amperli alternator bilan, yuqori og'irliklarda harakatlanishni yaxshilash uchun kuchliroq suspenziya tizimi va ekipaj stantsiyalari o'rtasida ma'lumotlar va video almashinuvni yaxshilash uchun avtomobil ichidagi tarmoq va xavfsizroq va transport vositalari tizimlari o'rtasida ishonchli ma'lumotlarni almashish.[38] 2013 yil 28 mayda Kongsberg Integrated Tactical Systems kompaniyasi Stryker ECP dasturi uchun Driver's Situational Awareness Display (DSAD) va Commander's Situational Awareness Display (CSAD) dasturlarini etkazib berish bo'yicha shartnoma imzoladi, bortda protsessor va qo'shimcha qurilmalar mavjud. I / U portlari ham ma'lumot, ham video uchun.[39]

2014 yil yanvar oyidan boshlab AQSh armiyasida DVH modernizatsiyasini uchinchi brigada bilan yakunlagan ikkita Stryker brigadasi bo'lgan 2-brigada, 2-piyoda diviziyasi da Qo'shma baza Lyuis-Makkord, 2016 yil oxirigacha to'liq yangilanishi kerak.[40] 2014 yil oktyabr oyi o'rtalarida armiya DVH Strykers-ni to'rtinchi Stryker brigadasi uchun sotib olishni ma'qulladi, 2017 yil boshida 360 ta transport vositasini konvertatsiya qilish boshlanadi. Strykers shuningdek, avvalgi uchtagiga qaraganda yaxshilanishlarni amalga oshirish uchun ECPlarni birinchi bo'lib qabul qiladi. og'irlikni oshiradigan, harakatchanlikni pasaytiradigan va quvvat yukini qo'shadigan brigada transport vositalari; ilgari DVH-da yangilangan Strykers mablag 'mavjud bo'lganda ECP yaxshilanishlarini oladi. ECP-ga qo'shimcha kuchliroq 450 HP dvigatel, kuchliroq 910 amperli quvvat generatori, yangi dvigatel bilan ishlash uchun shassini yangilash va avtomobilning ichki tarmog'ini takomillashtirish kiradi.[41] To'rtinchi brigadani modernizatsiya qilish, shuningdek, ishlab chiqarish liniyasini 2018 yilgacha faol ushlab turdi, ammo tarmoq yopilgandan so'ng uni yangilashga qaror qilish uni ochish ancha qiyin va qimmatga tushar edi.[42] Dvigatel va quvvat generatorini yangilash, 60000 funt (27000 kg) suspenziya va DVH vositasi Stryker-A1 vositasini belgilaydi.[43] Armiya Stryker ICVlarning o'limini oshirishni rejalashtirmoqda, ularning yarmi 30 mm lik to'p bilan jihozlangan, qolgan yarmiga esa Javelin tankga qarshi raketasi mavjudlari bo'yicha RWS har bir brigada.[44] 2020 yil sentyabrga kelib, 4-piyoda diviziyasi 2-brigadasining yarmi uchinchi avlod Stryker DVHA1 variantini maydonga tushirdi.[45]

SHORAD

2018 yil 28-fevralda armiya Stryker transport vositalari vaqtinchalik Manevr-Qisqa masofaga mo'ljallangan havo mudofaasi (M-SHORAD) talabini bajarish uchun datchiklar va qurollar bilan o'zgartirilishini e'lon qildi. Bu Evropada rus tiliga qarshi aniqlangan imkoniyatlar farqiga javobdir uchuvchisiz uchish vositalari (PUA). Oldin Yaqin Sharqdagi janglarga e'tibor qaratgan holda, AQSh armiyasi SHORAD imkoniyatlarini e'tiborsiz qoldirgan edi va kelgusi nizolarda ular dushman samolyotlariga qarshi kurashda havo ustunligiga tayanolmasliklaridan qo'rqishadi. Joylashtirishdan tashqari AN / TWQ-1 Qasoskorlari va ko'chma portativ Stinger raketalari, Strykers mobil havo hujumiga qarshi mudofaa echimini yaratish uchun vaqt sotib olish uchun yangilanishi kerak.[46] Zirhsiz Humvee-Avenger-da manevr kuchlarini ushlab turish va dushman samolyotlarini bahsli hududda ushlab turish uchun tirik qolish qobiliyati va masofa yo'qligi sababli, jami 144 ta Stryker SHORAD-ni tashkil etadigan to'rtta batalyon rejalashtirilgan, bunda 12 ta tizimning birinchi batareyasi 2020 yilga qadar maydonga tushirilgan; Stryker platformasi yaxshi himoyalanganligi va hajmi, vazni va quvvat jihatidan, ayniqsa, yo'naltirilgan energiya quroli kelajakda. Ular bilan jihozlangan birinchi qism 4-batalyon bo'ladi, 5-havo hujumidan mudofaa artilleriya polki. Armiya 2018 yil oxirigacha avtomobilga o'rnatiladigan qurol konfiguratsiyasini tanlashni rejalashtirgan.[47]

2018 yil iyun oyida armiya tanlaganini e'lon qildi Leonardo DRS bilan hamkorlik qilgan missiya uskunalari to'plamini etkazib berish Moog Inc. Qayta konfiguratsiya qilinadigan qurol-yarog 'platformasini (RIwP) transport vositasiga birlashtirish. Tizimga Stinger pod va o'rnatilishi mumkin Longbow do'zaxi raketa relslari va 30 mm bilan jihozlangan M230LF zanjirli qurol va 7,62 mm koaksiyal pulemyot, shuningdek kinetik bo'lmagan mag'lubiyat qobiliyatlari va a Rada bortidagi multimission yarim sharikali radar. Armiya DRS-ni qayta qurish uchun mo'ljallangan turretning moslashuvchanligi va o'sish imkoniyatlari va muqobil qurol variantlari uchun moslashuvchanligi tufayli tanladi, u mavjud bo'lgan avtomobil platformasiga kamroq kirib keldi, chunki ular Stryker-ni parkda iloji boricha kengroq saqlash istagi bor edi va ekipaj qurol-yarog 'ostida o'q-dorilarni qayta yuklashi mumkinligi sababli u yuqori darajadagi himoyani ta'minladi. Barcha 144 ta M-SHORAD tizimlarini 2022 yilga qadar etkazib berish rejalashtirilgan.[48] Minora har ikki tomonga bitta to'rt zarbali Stinger podasini yoki ikkita Hellfire raketasini o'rnatishi mumkin va M230LF va Stingers-ni qayta yuklash qisman himoya qilish uchun tomning lyuklari orqali amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Tizim ikkilamchi avtoulovga qarshi rolni bajarishi mumkin, chunki 30 mmli to'p M2 Bredliga o'rnatilgan 25 mm quroldan kattaroqdir va Hellfire odatda quruqlikdagi transport vositalarida ishlatiladigan TOW raketalaridan kattaroqdir.[49]

2022 yilda armiya yo'naltirilgan energetikani MSHORAD (DE-MSHORAD) - 50 kVtli lazer bilan jihozlangan Stryker-ni oldinga joylashtirilgan askarlarni pHA va raketa, artilleriya va minomyot tahdidlaridan himoya qilish uchun jihozlashni rejalashtirmoqda.[50] 2020 yil 30-sentyabrda armiya General Dynamics-ga IM-SHORAD shartnomasini imzoladi, uning qiymati 1,2 milliard dollarni tashkil etadi, bu besh yil davomida 144 ta transport vositasini etkazib berish; birinchi buyurtma 230 million dollarlik 28 ta avtomobilga tegishli edi.[51]

Dizayn

Orqa qismga qarash

Stryker LAV III engil zirhli transport vositasiga asoslangan bo'lib, u o'z navbatida LAV-25 seriyali.

Avtotransport vositasi umumiy dvigatel, uzatmalar qutisi, gidravlika, g'ildiraklar, shinalar, differentsiallar va uzatmalar qutisi bilan bir nechta variantlarda ishlab chiqarilgan. The M1130 qo'mondonlik vositasi va M1133 Tibbiy evakuatsiya vositasi orqa tomonga o'rnatilgan konditsioner bo'lagiga ega bo'ling. Tibbiy transport vositasida yuqori quvvatga ega generator ham mavjud. Yaqinda yangilangan dastur barcha variantlarga konditsionerlik moslamalarini qo'shish uchun maydonlarni qayta jihozlash vositasini taqdim etdi va ishlab chiqarish 2005 yilda Mobil qurol tizimida General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) 105 mm avtomat qurolini o'rnatishda boshlandi. M1128 mobil qurol tizimi.

Dvigatel va mexanik xususiyatlari

Buning uchun quvvat to'plami Stryker a dan foydalanadi Tırtıl AQSh armiyasining o'rta yuk ko'taruvchi yuk mashinalarida keng tarqalgan dizel dvigatel, texnik xizmat ko'rsatish guruhlari uchun qo'shimcha mashg'ulotlarni olib tashlaydi va umumiy qismlardan foydalanishga imkon beradi.[52] Eskirganlik sababli, Caterpillar 3126 dvigatel yaqinda Caterpillar C7 dvigateli va Allison 3200SP transmissiyasi bilan almashtirildi.[53]

Pnevmatik yoki gidravlik tizimlar avtomobilning deyarli barcha mexanik xususiyatlarini boshqaradi; masalan, pnevmatik tizim 8 × 4 va 8 × 8 disklar orasida o'zgaradi.

Dizaynerlar ko'pchilik kabellarni, shlanglarni va mexanik tizimlarni tez ajratib turadigan mexanizmlar bilan jihozlab, parvarish qiluvchining ishini engillashtirishga intildilar. Dvigatel va transmissiya taxminan ikki soat ichida olib tashlanishi va o'rnatilishi mumkin, bu turbochargatorni va boshqa ko'plab tarkibiy qismlarni avtomobildan tashqarida amalga oshirishga imkon beradi.[iqtibos kerak ]

Buyruq, boshqarish va nishonga olish

Masofadan qurol tizimining ekrani

Keng ko'lamli kompyuter yordami askarlarga dushmanga qarshi kurashishda yordam beradi do'stona olov hodisalar. Har bir vosita daladagi do'stona transport vositalarini hamda aniqlangan dushmanlarni kuzatishi mumkin. Haydovchiga va transport vositasi qo'mondoniga (u qurolbardor bo'lib xizmat qiladi) ega periskoplar tashqi xavfga duch kelmasdan transport vositasini tashqarida ko'rishga imkon beradigan. Shuningdek, transport vositasi qo'mondoni bir kecha-kunduz foydalanish huquqiga ega termal ko'rish transport vositasi qo'mondoni haydovchining ko'rganini ko'rishga imkon beruvchi kamera. Avtoulov komandiri deyarli 360 daraja ko'rish qobiliyatiga ega; haydovchi, 90 darajadan sal ko'proq.

Askarlar transport vositalari ichida mashg'ulotlarni mashina ichidagi kompyuter o'qitish modullaridan mashq qilishlari mumkin.

General Dynamics Land Systems kompaniyasi kompyuterlarni yangilash uchun yangi quvvat va ma'lumotlarni boshqarish arxitekturasini ishlab chiqmoqda.[54]

Strykerning termal diqqatga sazovor joylari 7800 fut (2400 m; 1,48 milya) masofani ko'rishlari mumkin, otdan tushgan askarlar esa tungi ko'rish joylari uchun 100 m 330 fut. Ushbu imkoniyat transport vositasiga tushgan askarlarni tungi ko'rish imkoniyatlari doirasidan tashqarida bo'lgan tahdidlardan ogohlantirishga imkon beradi.[55]

Himoya

Stryker shlyapa zirhi, to'liq Hull Protection to'plami va komandirning ballistik qalqoni

Strykerning korpusi yuqori qattiqlikdagi po'latdan yasalgan bo'lib, old pog'onadagi 14,5 mm o'qlardan himoya qilishning asosiy darajasini va 7,62 mm sharikli o'q-dorilarni har tomonlama himoya qilishni ta'minlaydi.[56] Bunga qo'shimcha ravishda, Strykers shuningdek, 14,5 mm, zirh teshuvchi o'q-dorilar va 155 mm o'qlardan artilleriya bo'laklaridan har tomonlama himoya qiluvchi murvatli sopol zirh bilan jihozlangan.[52][57] 14,5 mm o'q-dorilarga qarshi sinovlarda bir qator panellar muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lganligi aniqlanganda sopol zirhlarning dastlabki partiyasida muammolarga duch keldi. Armiya rasmiylari bunga ularning ishlab chiqaruvchisi tomonidan kiritilgan panellarning tarkibi va o'lchamidagi o'zgarishlar sabab bo'lganligini aniqladilar, IBD Deisenroth. Doimiy eritma topilmaguncha yana 3 mm po'lat zirhni qo'shib qo'yadigan to'xtash eritmasi kiritildi.[58] Muammo oxirida 2003 yilda, qachon hal qilindi DEW Engineering sopol zirh uchun yangi, eksklyuziv yetkazib beruvchi sifatida tanlandi.[59]

Stryker 2007 yilda ko'milgan IED tomonidan ag'darilib ketdi. Barcha ekipaj omon qoldi, ammo transport vositasi xizmatga qaytishdan oldin zavodni qayta qurishni talab qildi.[60]

Integral keramika zirhidan tashqari, ixtiyoriy paketlar ishlab chiqilgan. Bunga quyidagilar kiradi zirhli zirh[61] va Stryker reaktiv zirh raketa qo'zg'atuvchi granatalardan va boshqa snaryadlardan himoya qilish uchun plitkalar (SRAT), korpusdan himoya vositasi (HPK), qo'lbola portlovchi qurilmalardan qo'shimcha himoya qilish uchun zirhli yubkalar va qo'mondonning lyukini himoya qilish uchun ballistik qalqon.[56]

Armiya 2004 yilda Iroqdagi Strikersga reaktiv zirh plitalarini, shuningdek Abrams tanklari va Bradley Fighting Vehicles uchun plitalarni yuborishni boshladi. Plitkalar o'rnatilgan har bir transport vositasi uchun maxsus tayyorlangan bo'lishi kerak. Isyonchilar reaktiv zirhlarga qarshi kurashishga urinishdi, jamoalar birdaniga bir nechta RPG o'q otishdi, ammo yaqin masofada bu guruhlar jalb qilinishi va tarqalishi mumkin edi. Reaktiv zirhlarni o'xshash tandem-zaryad qurollari bilan engish mumkin RPG-29 yoki tomonidan portlovchi shakllangan penetratorlar, garchi Bredlining plitalari EFPlarga bardosh bera oladigan bo'lsa.[62] 2005 yilda Stryker avtomashinalari uchun lamel zirh ishlab chiqilgan va ishlab chiqilgan Armiya tadqiqot laboratoriyasi va Merilenddagi Aberdin Test Markazi ularni RPGlardan yanada himoya qilish uchun.[63] Qafas transport vositasi atrofida 50 sm oldinga joylashtirilgan bo'lib, RPG jangovar kallakchasi transport vositasidan xavfsiz masofada portlashiga imkon beradi.[64] Bundan tashqari, xabarlarga ko'ra, Stryker avtomashinalaridagi lamel zirh HEAT turlariga qarshi samarali hisoblanadi. 2009 yil may oyida General Dynamics va Rafael Strykers-dagi zirhli zirhni almashtirish uchun SRAT plitalarini taqdim etish bo'yicha shartnomani yutib oldi. Ikkala tizimning qo'shimcha og'irligini taqqoslash mumkin, ammo reaktiv zirhli plitalar transport vositalarining barqarorligi va manevrligini ta'minlaydi va "statistik" himoya o'rniga "ishonchli" bo'ladi.[65]

Stryker shuningdek an avtomatik yong'inga qarshi tizim bilan sensorlar bir yoki bir nechtasini faollashtiradigan dvigatel va harbiy qismlarda halon haydovchi tomonidan ham yoqilishi mumkin bo'lgan yong'inga qarshi idishlar, tashqi o'rnatilgan yoqilg'i idishlari va a CBRN (Kimyoviy, Biologik, Radiologik, Yadro) Harbiy tizim, bu ekipaj xonasini havo o'tkazmaydigan va ijobiy bosim ostida saqlaydi.

Harbiy xizmatchilar va tahlilchilarning hisobotlarida Stryker IED (qo'lbola portlovchi moslamalar) ga qarshi omon qolish imkoniyatlari jihatidan boshqa engil harbiy transport vositalaridan ustunligi ta'kidlangan.[66][67]

2016 yilning bahorida Stryker polki Evropaga jo'natildi Saab Har ikkisi ham tashqi ko'rinishini o'zgartiradigan va atrof-muhitga yaxshiroq aralashadigan va uzoq to'lqinli va o'rta to'lqinli issiqlik sensorlari, to'lqinlarga yaqin va qisqa to'lqinli infraqizil va radarlarga qarshi imzo boshqaruvini yaxshilaydigan xususiyatlarni o'z ichiga olgan mobil kamuflyaj tizimi (MCS). Keyingi sinovlar armiyaga rekord dastur orqali kamuflyaj tizimini sotib olish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilishga ta'sir qiladi.[68]

2016 yilda, Artis MChJ "s Temir parda faol himoya qilish tizimi armiya Modulli faol himoya tizimini (MAPS) ishlab chiqmaguncha vaqtinchalik tizim sifatida Strykerga qo'shilish uchun tanlangan; Temir parda boshqa APS-lardan snaryadlarni bir necha metr masofada ushlab turish o'rniga ularni transport vositasidan bir necha santimetr uzoqlikda yengish bilan farq qiladi.[69] Biroq, 2018 yil avgust oyida armiya tizimdagi etuklik muammolari sababli Stryker-ga temir pardani saralashni davom ettirmaslikka qaror qildi.[70]

Qurollanish

Himoyachi (RWS) bilan M2 og'ir pulemyot an M1126 Stryker ICV varianti

Ba'zi ixtisoslashtirilgan variantlarni hisobga olmaganda, Strykerning asosiy qurollanishi a Himoyachi M151 Uzoq qurol stantsiyasi bilan .50 dyuym (12,7 mm) M2 avtomat, 7,62 mm M240B avtomat yoki 40 mm MK 19 granata otish moslamasi. Qurol-yarog 'tanlovi ko'plab omillarga bog'liq edi. AQSh armiyasi piyodalarni jang maydonlariga va uning atrofiga tez tashiy oladigan va himoya qiladigan vositaga ega bo'lishni xohladi.

2017 yil sentyabr oyida, Raytheon otilgan Stinger raketalari u Stryker-ga o'rnatilgan edi Uzoqdan boshqariladigan umumiy qurol (CROWS) transport vositasini qisqa masofali havo hujumiga qarshi mudofaa tizimiga aylantirib, namoyishlarda havodagi nishonlarni ushlash. Armiya bu imkoniyatni ko'rib chiqmoqda va agar tanlangan bo'lsa, ikki yil ichida tezda yuborilishi mumkin.[71][72]

2018 yil avgust oyida 86 ta Striker "CROWS" turreti bilan maydonga tushishga moslashgan holda maydonga tushishni boshladi Javelin tankga qarshi raketasi naycha, bu qurolni ishlatish uchun otdan tushirilgan qo'shinlar o'rniga qurolni otishga imkon beradi.[73]

30 mm to'p

Piyodalar tashiydigan transport vositasi Dragoon (ICVD)

Stryker MGS o'rta brigadalarga og'ir o'q otish kuchini berar ekan, piyoda transport vositasining asosiy vositasi engil qurollanishga ega. Stryker dasturi mutasaddilari ICV ning uzoqdagi qurol stantsiyasiga 30 millimetrlik to'pni o'rnatishga harakat qilmoqda. Bir brigadaga to'g'ri keladigan MGS transport vositalarining soni kamaytirilganda, individual ICV-lar qurol bilan ta'minlanishi kerak. Topponcha turret qo'shishga hojat qoldirmasdan ko'proq o'q otar edi. Reja shundan iboratki, 30 millimetrlik to'plarni sotib olish va sinovdan o'tkazish, shuningdek har bir Stryker uchun berilishi yoki har bir kompaniyada bittadan bo'lishi kerakligini aniqlash.[74] Armiya 2014 yil boshida stabillashtirilgan 30 millimetrli to'plarni sinovdan o'tkazishni rejalashtirgan, shu jumladan Kongsberg Protech tizimlari O'rta kalibrli uzoqdan qurollar stantsiyasi (RWS). Stryker-ning M151 RWS-ni Stryker ishlab chiqaruvchisi bilan ishlab chiqarilgan Kongsberg, 2008 yilda MCRWS uchun General Dynamics kompaniyasiga qo'shilgan. MCRWS ekipaj xonasiga kirib boradigan va bo'sh joyni egallaydigan haqiqiy turret emas. U transport vositasining ichkarisidan yuklanishi mumkin, ammo to'rtta tomning lyuklaridan birini yo'q qiladi.[75] Avtokannon qurol-yarog 'pirsingi va yuqori portlovchi o'q-dorilarni ushlab turuvchi ikkita jurnal bilan ta'minlanadi, ularning har biri 78 donadan iborat bo'lib, yana 264 ta patron korpusda saqlanadi.[76] Kongsberg MCRWS-da 30 mmlik to'pni sinovdan otish Stryker namoyishchi mashinasida 2014 yil 19 fevralda sodir bo'ldi. To'p 600 dan 1550 metrgacha (660 dan 660 gacha) standart 0,50 dyuymli (12,7 mm) avtomat ustida o'lim va aniqlikni oshirdi. 1700 yd), to'rtta tur besh marotaba portlashlar bilan nishonlarga tegdi. Qurolli Stryker avtomashinalari piyoda askarlarga o't o'chirishni tezroq tugatish uchun katta yong'in ustunligini beradi. Armiya rahbarlari namoyishdan juda taassurot oldilar va taklifni ilgari surish va xizmatdagi transport vositalariga tizim qo'shishni istaydilar.[77]

Stryker avtoulovlariga o'rnatilgan Kongsberg MCRWS-ning qiyosiy sinovlaridan so'ng, AQSh armiyasi 2015 yil 22-aprelda 81 ta uskunani jihozlashni ma'qulladi 2-otliq polk Qurilma yangilashni talab qilganidan keyin 30 mm to'p bilan staykerlar. To'plar ICV ning g'ildirakli harakatlanish afzalliklarini saqlab qolgan holda, boshqa engil zirhli transport vositalariga nisbatan o'limini oshirishga qaratilgan. Stryker kompaniyalaridagi ushbu yangi qasrlarning samaradorligi haqidagi sharhlar Stryker Brigada to'qqizta brigadasi bo'ylab ko'proq Strykers-ni yangilash to'g'risida qaror qabul qiladi.[78][79] Masofaviy minoraga korpus tomining modifikatsiyasi kerak va qo'shimcha ikki tonna og'irlik qo'shiladi[80] yangilangan ishlab chiqarish va kengroq shinalar bilan.[81] Birinchi Strykers-ni jihozlash Mk44 Bushmaster II to'plar yaqin ikki yil ichida sodir bo'lishi rejalashtirilgan,[82] ularga 3000 metrgacha (1,9 milya) engil zirhli transport vositalarini jalb qilishga imkon beradi.[81] To'p ham o'q otishga qodir havo portlashlari to'siq ortida dushman qo'shinlarini urish uchun nishon ustida portlab[83] va qarshi himoya qila oladi uchuvchisiz uchish vositalari.[84] Kongsberg minorasi va Orbital ATK Mk44 Bushmaster-ning XM813 varianti rasmiy ravishda 2015 yil dekabr oyida tanlangan.[85] XM1296 "Dragoon" deb nomlangan birinchi yangilangan Stryker 2016 yil 27 oktyabrda sinovga topshirilgan edi, maydonga chiqish 2018 yil may oyida boshlanadi.[86] Birinchi piyoda transport vositasi - Dragoon (ICVD) Germaniyada 2CRga 2017 yil 8-dekabrda etkazib berildi.[87]

2019 yil aprelda armiya uchta brigadada Stryker DVH ICVVA1 transport vositalariga to'p qurollarini qo'shishga qaror qildi; birinchisini 2022 yilda jihozlash rejalashtirilgan.[88]

Harakatlilik

Strategik va operatsion

Stryker C-130 dan tushirish

Armiyani o'zgartirish rejasi doirasida ko'rsatilgan asosiy maqsadlardan biri bu dunyoning istalgan nuqtasida 96 soat ichida brigada, 120 soat ichida bo'linma va 30 kun ichida beshta bo'limni joylashtirish imkoniyati edi. Operatsion harakatchanlik talablari transport vositasini transportirovka qilishni taqozo etdi FZR 130 samolyot va u uchib ketishga qodir va jangga tayyor.[10]

Strykerning C-130 transport vositalariga yaroqliligi samolyot parvozi 1000 millik maqsadga javob bermasligi mumkin degan tanqidlarga sabab bo'ldi. Samolyotning parvoz doirasi C-130 varianti va parvoz aeroportidagi sharoit kabi o'zgaruvchiga bog'liq.[89] 2003 yil aprel oyida o'tkazilgan namoyishlarda Stryker piyoda qo'shinlari safida 21 ta Stryker avtoulovi bo'lgan C-130 samolyotlari 70 mil uzoqlikdagi boshqa aeroportga etkazilgan.[89] Bu avtoulovni C-130 bilan olib o'tish mumkinligini isbotladi, ammo aeroportning uchish masofasi va aeroport shartlari bilan bog'liq muammolarni hal qilmadi. Bundan tashqari, zirhli zirh, o'rnatilganda, transport vositasini C-130 ga sig'inmaydigan darajada katta qiladi, lekin RPG himoya qilish C-130 transporti uchun talab emas edi. The Airbus A400M Atlas 2015 yil kuzida Stryker bilan mosligi uchun sinovdan o'tkazildi.[90]

Stryker juda og'ir (variantga va qo'shimcha xususiyatlariga qarab 19-26 tonna) mavjud vertolyotlar bilan ko'tarilishi mumkin emas.

2004 yil avgust oyida Stryker MGS samolyotini tashlab yuborish mumkinligini aniqlash uchun sinovlar o'tkazildi. Ushbu sinov 12 metrlik pasayish sinovlari seriyasidan boshlandi, so'ngra AQSh havo kuchlari a-dan og'ir vaznli Stryker muhandislik-texnik vositasini muvaffaqiyatli ravishda parvoz qilish FZR 17.[91] Ushbu sinov muvaffaqiyatli o'tgan bo'lsa ham, Stryker variantlarining hech biri airdrop sertifikatiga ega emas. 2013 yildan boshlab ushbu yo'nalishdagi ishlar "Unified Quest" urush o'yinini o'z zimmasiga olgan holda davom etmoqda.[92]

Taktik

Stryker barcha sakkizta shinalardagi bosimni relyef sharoitlariga mos ravishda o'zgartirishi mumkin: magistral yo'l, o'tish joyi, loy / qum / qor va favqulodda vaziyat. Tizim haydovchini ogohlantiradi, agar transport vositasi shinalaridagi bosim uchun tavsiya etilgan tezlikdan oshib ketsa, shunda avtomatik ravishda shinalarni keyingi yuqori bosim darajasiga ko'taradi. Tizim, shuningdek, Stryker bilan jihozlangan bo'lsa ham, haydovchini buzilib ketgan shinalar haqida ogohlantirishi mumkin ishdan chiqqan shinalar sifatida xizmat qiladigan qo'shimchalar munchoq qulflari, shinalar to'liq buzilishidan oldin transport vositasining bir necha milya past tezlikda harakatlanishiga imkon beradi.

AQSh armiyasi va Hindiston armiyasi ikki tomonlama mashg'ulotlar paytida Stryker IFV bilan qo'shinlar

Strykerning ba'zi tanqidlari o'nlab yillar davomida kuzatilgan yoki g'ildirakli transport vositalarining samaraliroqligi to'g'risida davom etayotgan munozarani davom ettirmoqda.[93] An'anaviy yo'llar yuqori darajadagi off-road harakatlanishiga ega, yuk ko'tarish qobiliyati katta, transport vositasini burab qo'yishi mumkin va jangovar shikastlanishga chidamli. G'ildirakli transport vositalariga xizmat ko'rsatish osonroq va yo'l tezligi yuqori. AQSh armiyasi ushbu afzalliklari tufayli Strykerni kuzatilgan transport vositalaridan afzal ko'rdi.[94]

Qo'shimcha masala shu Yangi mahsulot sotuvga chiqarish; muddatini uzaytirish; ishga tushirish Stryker bilan boshqa transport vositalariga nisbatan katta xavf tug'diradi, chunki uning yuqori darajasi tortishish markazi. Yuqori erni tozalash ammo, ehtimol minalarga etkazilgan zararni kamaytiradi va qo'lbola portlovchi moslamalar transport vositasida.[95]

Amfibiya bo'lmagan bo'lsa-da, Stryker suv o'tkazmaydigan jangovar lyuk muhrlari bunga imkon beradi ford g'ildiraklarining tepasiga qadar suv.

Narxi

Dastlabki Stryker ICV-larini sotib olish uchun birlik narxi (qo'shimchalarsiz, shu jumladan lamel zirhlari bilan) 2002 yil aprel oyida 3 million AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi.[96] 2003 yil may oyiga kelib, bir avtomobil uchun odatiy ishlab chiqarish qiymati 1,42 million AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi.[97] 2012 yil fevral oyida uning narxi 4,9 million AQSh dollarigacha ko'tarildi.[4]

2013 yilda ommaviy axborot vositalarida Stryker Project Management Office o'zining inventarizatsiyasini nazorat qilmaslik sababli keraksiz yoki eskirgan qismlarga qariyb 900 million dollar buyurtma bergani haqida xabar berilgan edi. Terrorizmga qarshi urush.[98][99]

Missiya

1-23-piyoda polkining orqa rampadan joylashtirilgan a'zolari. Ushbu askarlar Ikkinchi piyoda diviziyasiga tayinlangan va jangovar liboslar formasini kiyib olganlar. SAW Gunner-ga e'tibor bering, transport vositasining yuqori ochiladigan qismi eshigi orqali orqa xavfsizlikni ta'minlaydi.

Standart Stryker brigadasi odatda quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi: 130 piyoda transport vositasi; 9 ta tankga qarshi boshqariladigan raketa vositalari; 27 Tibbiy evakuatsiya vositalari; 12 ta muhandis otryadining transport vositalari; 32 qo'mondonning transport vositalari; 36 120 mm o'rnatilgan ohak tashuvchilar; 56 razvedka vositasi; 13 ta yong'inga qarshi vositalar; uchta NBC razvedka vositasi; va 12 105 mm mobil qurol tizimlari.[45]

Stryker oilasining avtoulovlari Qo'shma Shtatlar armiyasida og'ir va engil bo'lmagan rolni to'ldiradi, aksincha piyodalarni jang maydoniga tez va nisbiy xavfsizlikda ko'chira oladigan kuch yaratishga intiladi. Strykerga aylantirilgan brigadalar birinchi navbatda yengil, yoki 2-otliq polkda qurolsiz edi. Xumvi - asoslangan otliq skautlar. Ushbu birliklar uchun Strykers qo'shilishi zirhdan himoya qilish, har bir otilgan otryadni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun transport vositasida qurol-yarog 'tizimi va operatsion bazadan uzoq masofada vazifalarni bajarish uchun jangovar quvvatni oshirdi.

Stryker bo'linmalari, ayniqsa transport vositalari bino yonida dastlabki xavfsizlik pozitsiyalarini o'rnatishi va ostonadagi otryadlarni tushirishlari mumkin bo'lgan shahar sharoitida juda samarali ko'rinadi.[iqtibos kerak ]

Stryker og'ir qurol tizimlaridan himoya qilishning ko'p qismida tezligi va aloqa vositalariga tayanadi. Strykerning aksariyat variantlari, uning tasnifidan tashqarida tahdidlarni boshqarish uchun aloqa va boshqa birliklarga tayanib, og'ir zirhli birliklarni jalb qilish uchun mo'ljallanmagan. Variantlardan biri tankga qarshi raketalar bilan qurollangan.

Stryker bilan jihozlangan brigadalar strategik jihatdan harakatchan, ya'ni uzoq masofalarga tezkor joylashtirilishi mumkin bo'lgan maqsadga muvofiqdir. Shunday qilib, Stryker ataylab M2 Bradley kabi kuzatilgan transport vositalariga nisbatan past darajadagi himoya bilan ishlab chiqilgan, ammo logistika talablari ancha past bo'lgan.

Stryker tez joylashtiriladigan va og'ir zirhsiz bo'lishi uchun ishlab chiqilgan bo'lsa-da, 2014 yil yanvar oyida o'tkazilgan mashg'ulotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, ba'zi hollarda tanklarga qarshi raketalarni ishlatadigan transport vositalari va piyoda askarlari bo'lgan Stryker brigadasi an'anaviy dushman kuchlarini tanklar, zirhli transport vositalarini jalb qilishi mumkin. va vertolyotlar.[100][101]

Xizmat tarixi

Joylashtirish

M1126 Stryker ICV yaqinidagi patrulda Mosul, Iroq, 2005 yil
  • Iroq urushi, 2003–11:
    • Birinchi Stryker brigadalari 2003 yil oktyabr oyida Iroqqa joylashtirilgan. 3-brigada, 2-piyoda diviziyasi Fort-Lyuis birinchi bo'lib 2003 yil noyabrdan 2004 yil noyabrgacha Iroqda jang qilish uchun Stryker transport vositasini maydonga tushirgan va tarqatgan.
    • 3-brigada 25-piyoda diviziyasi (SBCT) 1-brigada tomonidan ozod qilindi. 1-brigada 2004 yil oktyabrdan 2005 yil oktyabrgacha Iroqda xizmat qilgan. Ushbu brigadaning bo'linmalari qatnashgan Mosul jangi (2004) va 2005 yil yanvar oyida bo'lib o'tgan birinchi muvaffaqiyatli saylovlar uchun javobgardilar. Brigada ushbu mukofot bilan taqdirlandi Valorous Unit mukofoti Iroqdagi safari uchun.
    • 172-chi Stryker Brigada jangovar jamoasi Feyrbanks, Alyaskaga tegishli Fort Ueynrayt dastlabki joylashishni 2005 yil avgustida 2006 yil yozigacha boshladi. Keyinchalik ularning yashash muddati to'rt oygacha uzaytirildi va ular Bag'dodga tayinlandi. Brigada taqdirlandi Valorous Unit mukofoti Iroqdagi safari uchun.
    • 3-brigada, 2-piyoda diviziyasi re-deployed to Iraq late Spring of 2006 and returned home in September 2007. Like its sister brigades it too was awarded the Valorous Unit mukofoti for operations in Baqubah, Iraq.
    • As part of a three way move, upon redeployment from Iraq, the 1st Stryker Brigade, 25th Infantry Division and the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment both cased their colors. The former 1st SBCT, 25th ID was redesignated as the new 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment in Vilseck, Germany and the former 2nd ACR was redesignated as the new 4th Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division at Fort Lewis, Vashington. During the same period of time, upon redeployment from Iraq, the 172nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team was deactivated and reactivated as the 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division, in Fort Ueynrayt, Alyaska.
    • In April 2007, the 4th Brigade 2-piyoda diviziyasi deployed as part of the "surge" in Iraq. This deployment marked the first time the Stryker Mobile Gun System was deployed in Iraq. The Stryker MGS was initially deployed with 5 dedicated maintenance experts from General Dynamics Land Systems; they provided technical support and maintenance for the systems initial deployment. The team of 5 technicians played a pivotal role not only in support of the system but in troop training. Additionally a team of engineers was sent to support MGS operations but this proved to play a very minor role in the ultimate success of the weapons system. Also, the 4th Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment (MANCHU), deployed Quruq jangchi for the first time in combat.
    • 2007 yil avgust oyida 2-otliq polk deployed to Baghdad for a 15-month tour, relieving 3rd BDE, 2ID.
    • In December 2007, the 2nd Brigade 25-piyoda diviziyasi deployed to Iraq.
    • In September 2008, 1-25th Infantry based in Fort Wainwright, Alaska was deployed to Iraq.
Stryker with infantry in Sab al Bour, Iraq, 2008
    • 2009 yil yanvar oyida 56-Stryker Brigada jangovar jamoasi, 28-piyoda diviziyasi, dan Pensilvaniya armiyasi milliy gvardiyasi, was deployed to Iraq. The 56th SBCT was the first Milliy gvardiya unit in the U.S. Army to field Strykers.
    • In August 2009, 3rd Brigade 2nd Infantry Division was again deployed to Iraq for a third tour.
    • In September 2009, 4th Brigade 2nd Infantry Division deployed to Iraq for a third tour. The Brigade drove "The Last Patrol" out of Iraq, driving from Baghdad to Kuwait, symbolizing the exit of the "last combat brigade" and ending Operation Iraqi Freedom. The Brigade was awarded the Meritorious Unit maqtovi for the tour in Iraq
    • In July 2010, 2nd Brigade 25th Infantry Division once again deployed to Iraq, relieving 3rd Brigade, 2nd ID. 2nd Brigade, becoming the first "Advise and Assist" Stryker brigade.
U.S. Army soldiers unload humanitarian aid from their Strykers in the town of Rajan Kala, Afghanistan, 2009.
  • Afg'onistondagi urush:
    • The 5th Brigade 2nd Infantry Division was the first Stryker unit sent to Afghanistan, deployed in summer 2009, as part of a troop level increase. The brigade's 1st Battalion, 17th Infantry Regiment suffered the heaviest losses of any Stryker battalion to date.[102] The 5th Stryker Brigade's losses during its one-year deployment were 37 killed and 238 wounded.[103]
    • In June 2010, the 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment deployed to Afghanistan relieving 5th Brigade 2nd Infantry Division.
    • In April 2011, 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry Division deployed to Afghanistan to relieve the 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment.
    • In November 2012, 4th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division deployed to Afghanistan to relieve 3-2 SBCT.
  • IShIDga qarshi harbiy aralashuv, 2014–present:
    • In March 2017, Strykers were seen operated by U.S. special forces near the northeastern Syrian town of Manbij.[104]

Field reports

Due to their use during the 2003–11 Iroq urushi, many reports have come back on the Stryker's performance.[105][106] Soldiers and officers who use Strykers defend them as very effective vehicles;[107] 2005 yil Vashington Post article states that "commanders, soldiers and mechanics who use the Stryker fleet daily in one of Iraq's most dangerous areas unanimously praised the vehicle. The defects outlined in the report were either wrong or relatively minor and did little to hamper the Stryker's effectiveness." In the same article, Col. Robert B. Braun, commander of the 1st Brigade, 25-piyoda diviziyasi (Stryker Brigade Combat Team), said that the Strykers saved the lives of at least 100 soldiers deployed in northern Iraq.[108] The article also states that the bolt-on slat armor is effective ballistic protection, which was the main flaw cited in 2009 by critics. However, a 2003 GAO report to Congress stated that the added weight of slat armor created a mobility limitation in wet conditions due to shortcomings in the vehicle's suspension.[109]

Reports from military personnel and analysts indicate the Stryker is superior to other light military vehicles of US Army regarding survivability against IEDs (improvised explosive devices).[110][111] Soldiers have anecdotally referred to Strykers as "Kevlar Coffins", affording the Stryker vehicle its own rank-and-file pseudonym, a time-honored tradition among American servicemembers.[112]

The non-partisan Project on Government Oversight received unexpectedly positive reviews when it spoke to soldiers who served in Strykers:"The Stryker’s fantastic. It has incredible mobility, incredible speed..." "We’ve been hit by 84 suicide VBIEDs (...car bombs) have hit Strykers, and I’ve had the greater majority of soldiers walk away without even a scratch. It’s absolutely amazing. If I were in any other type vehicle, I would’ve had huge problems," said Colonel Robert Brown, commander of the 1st Brigade of the 25th Infantry Division. Maj. Doug Baker, executive officer of the 5th Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment in 3/2 said, "When you rolled out (of) the gate, you were fairly confident that the vehicle was going to take care of you… I’m familiar with what a Bradley can do. It’s a fantastic vehicle, but I would take a Stryker over it in Iraq any day."[113] Crew members of the Stryker Mobile Gun System attest to its "seamless" ability to fill the high-mobility niche between main battle tank and armored personnel carrier.[114]

As of 2005, the Stryker vehicle logged more than 27 million combat miles, with operational readiness rates greater than 96 percent.[115]

Variantlar

The Stryker chassis' modular design supports a wide range of variants. The main chassis is the Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV).

The Stryker vehicles have the following variants:[116]

  • M1126 Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV): The basic armored personnel carrier version, which provides protected transport for 2 crew and a 9-man infantry squad, and can support dismounted infantry. It weighs 19 tons; communications include text and a xarita network between vehicles. It can be armed with 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) M2 Browning avtomati, 40 mm MK 19 granata otish moslamasi or 7.62 mm M240 avtomati.
    • M1126 Infantry Carrier Vehicle DVH-Scout (ICVV-S): A reconnaissance version of the ICV fitted with an internally mounted Long Range Advance Scout (LRAS) surveillance system and the double v-hull.[35]
  • M1127 razvedka vositasi (RV): A version used by RSTA Squadrons and battalion scouts, moving throughout the battlefield to gather and transmit real time intelligence/surveillance for situational awareness. The RV's purpose is to anticipate and avert threats, improving the brigade's decisiveness and freedom of maneuver.
Mobile Gun System
  • M1128 Mobile Gun System (MGS): A version armed with an 105 mm M68A1 rifled cannon (M68A1E4) (a lightweight version of the gun system used on the original M1 Abrams main battle tanks and the M60 Patton main battle tank), a 7.62 mm M240 machine gun mounted coaxially, a 0.50 in (12.7 mm) M2 commander's machine gun and two M6 smoke grenade launchers. The M68A1E4 also features a tumshug'i tormoz to assist with recoil and an avtomatik yuklovchi, a rare feature on US tank guns. The main gun provides direct fire in support of infantry, engaging stationary and mobile enemy targets, such as bunkers to create a combined arms effect of overmatched firepower that improves survivability of the combat team. It has a rate of fire of six rounds per minute, and carries 400 rounds of 0.5 in (12.7 mm) caliber and 3,400 rounds of 7.62 mm ammunition, and the same C4ISR communications and driver's vision as the ICV. The MGS vehicle is a strengthened variant of the LAV III compared to the standard variant other Stryker vehicles are based on, but retains commonality across all vehicles in the family.
120 mm mortar fired from Stryker MCV-B variant.
  • M1129 Mortar Carrier (MC): armed with Soltam 120 mm Recoil Mortar System (RMS), this version provides indirect fire support to fellow infantry with screening obscurants, suppressive forces and on-call supporting fires (HE, illumination, IR illumination, smoke, precision guided, and DPICM cluster bombs). Precision Guided Mortar Munition (PGMM ) can be used to attack point targets at extended ranges with GPS guidance. Vehicles at battalion level also carry the 81 mm mortar for dismounted use, while company mortar vehicles carry the 60mm mortar.[117]
  • M1130 qo'mondonning avtoulovi (CV): This vehicle provides commanders with aloqa, data, and control functions to analyze and prepare information for combat missions; it can also link to aircraft antenna/power for planning missions while en route aboard aircraft. They are deployed as 3 vehicles per brigade HQ, 2 per battalion HQ and 2 per infantry company.
  • M1131 Fire Support Vehicle (FSV): This version is organic to maneuver companies and provides nazorat and communications (4 secure combat radio nets), with target acquisition/identification/tracking/designation being transmitted automatically to the shooting units.
  • M1132 Engineer Squad Vehicle (ESV): This vehicle provides mobility and limited counter mobility support. Integrated into the ESV are obstacle neutralization and lane marking systems and mine detection devices. The ESV with its attachments provides a partial solution to the obstacle clearance role, primarily for clearance of hastily emplaced mines on hard surfaces and rubble, plus will enable the Engineer squad to control future robotic based systems.
Interior of Medical Evacuation Vehicle
  • M1133 Medical Evacuation Vehicle (MEV): This is used as the en route care platform for brigade units, part of the battalion aid station, providing treatment for serious injury and advanced trauma as an integrated part of the internetted combat forward formation. attendant's seat that will allow the attendant to change position and visually monitor all patients while the vehicle is in motion. Medical personnel must be seated for safety while the vehicle is in motion, but able to visually monitor patients. Jeneva konvensiyasi markings can be masked/removed as required.
Anti-Tank Guided missile vehicle
  • M1134 Anti-Tank Guided Missile Vehicle (ATGM): It is a missile vehicle armed with the TOW missile to reinforce the brigade's infantry and reconnaissance, providing long-range anti-tank fires against armor beyond tank gun effective range. The separate anti-tank company can also be used to shape the battlefield, reinforce the infantry battalions and reconnaissance squadron (e.g. counter-reconnaissance), serve as a reserve, and of course may counterattack. Vehicle commanders independently locate secondary targets while the gunner is engaging the primary. After ready rounds are fired, crewman will need to rearm the launcher. A vehicle commander, gunner, loader, and driver operate the ATGM in a tactical environment and to carry equipment if the missile launcher is used in a dismounted mode.
  • M1135 Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, Reconnaissance Vehicle (NBC RV): This vehicle automatically integrates contamination information from detectors with input from navigation and meteorological systems and transmits digital NBC warning messages to warn follow-on forces. The core of the NBC RV is its on-board integrated NBC sensor suite and integrated meteorological system. An NBC positive overpressure system that minimizes cross-contamination of samples and detection instruments, provides crew protection, and allows extended operations at MOPP 0.

Double V-Hull

In response to poor performance against IEDlar, the Army began manufacturing and retrofitting Stryker vehicles with a more survivable double v-hull designed underside. Seven Stryker versions are being produced in this configuration; the M1256 ICVV, M1252 MCVV, M1255CVV, M1251 FSVV, M1257 ESVV, M1254 MEVV and M1253 ATVV. Three variants are not receiving the new hull and will retain their current flat-bottom configuration: the M1127 Reconnaissance Vehicle, the M1128 Mobile Gun System, and the M1135 NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle.[35][118]

Eksperimental

  • Stryker Self-Propelled Howitzer (SPH): This was a prototype vehicle with turret and ammunition developed by Denel Land tizimlari. Work stopped after the successful November 2005 demonstration of the prototype.[119][120]
  • Stryker Maintenance Recovery Vehicle (MRV): An armored recovery vehicle based on a Stryker hull. Equipped with a Rotzler TR 200 winch, Magnum 210M crane and hydraulic earth anchor.[121]
  • Tracked Stryker: For the Army's Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) program to replace the M113 APC, General Dynamics created a tracked version of the Stryker. The vehicle kept the highly survivable Double-V hull, and tracks were attached using externally mounted suspension. It was considerably heavier at 70,000 pounds (35 tons, 31,800 kg), but the tracked suspension could handle up to 84,000 lb (42 tons, 38,100 kg) to allow for additional armor, weapons, and cargo. Its powerplant offered 700 horsepower and the vehicle had greater than 60 percent commonality with wheeled Strykers. The Tracked Stryker also had greater fuel efficiency and a wider track for better mobility than the M113. With the suspension mounted externally and the elimination of axles, the Double-V hull's survivability could have been even more effective, as the wheeled version required an interruption in the V-hull to accept axles.[122][123] The Tracked Stryker was to have competed against the BAE tizimlari Turretless Bradley,[124] but serious efforts on developing the tracked version never materialized[125] because the cost needed to modify the vehicle to meet requirements was too high.[126]
  • Stryker Launched Assault Bridge: German manufacturer Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) has proposed a bridgelaying version of the Stryker that enables tactical vehicles with little or no gap-crossing capabilities to move over divides. The 12 m (39 ft)-long bridge is carried atop the Stryker with hydraulic arms at the front position to launch it and have it in place within two minutes. It can support vehicles weighing up to 40 tons and allow them to cross 11 m (36 ft) gaps.[127]
  • Stryker Mobile Expeditionary High Energy Laser (MEHEL): The Army is integrating a directed energy weapon onto the M1131 Fire Support Vehicle version to defend against Group 1 and 2 UAVs (up to 55 lb (25 kg)-class) for mobile forces as the first-ever integration of an Army laser weapon onto a combat vehicle. In an April 2016 test, a 2 kW laser fired from the Stryker shot down 21 drone targets; the vehicle also has an elektron urush jamming system to scramble drone command signals. A 5 kW version could be operational in 2017, with plans to increase power to 18 kW by 2018.[128][129][130]
  • Stryker Mobile SHORAD Launcher (MSL): In August 2017, Boeing and General Dynamics unveiled a Stryker variant fitted with an Qasoskor turret for short-range air defense and operated by a three-man crew. The turret replaces the passenger compartment and in addition to the standard FIM-92 Stinger, it is being upgraded to fire Jahannam olovi va AIM-9X yon tomoni raketalar.[131][132]
  • Stryker Anti-UAV Defense System (AUDS): In October 2017, Orbital ATK unveiled a Stryker equipped with the AUDS, combining electronic-scanning radar target detection, EO tracking/classification, and directional RF inhibition capability coupled with a 30 mm to'p loaded with advanced airburst and guided ammunition suite. The package creates a mobile C-UAV system capable of lethally or non-lethally defeating small drones at ranges of up to 8 km (5.0 mi), and can defeat Group 1 micro UAVs as far as 2 km (1.2 mi) out.[133][134] The system is also called the Tactical-Robotic Exterminator.[46]

Operatorlar

Amaldagi operatorlar

Failed bids

  •  Kanada – Canada originally ordered 66 Stryker mobil qurol tizimi vehicles in 2003, which were expected to arrive in 2010. However, in 2006, the Kanada kuchlari asked its government to cancel the MGS acquisition. The MGS was originally intended to be used in the "Direct Fire Unit",[142] which will include Tow Under Armour (LAV III) va MMEV (ADATS on LAV III). The MGS was to provide the direct gun fire capabilities of the retiring Leopard C2 tank.[143] But, with the recent demonstrated usefulness of tanks in Iraq and hurried deployment of Canadian Leopard C2 tanks to Afghanistan, Canada announced the purchase of surplus Leopard 2s dan Gollandiya.[144] The MMEV project has also since been canceled, and the TUA requirement cut in half.
  •  Isroil - The Isroil mudofaa kuchlari (IDF) had received three Stryker variants for trials, the first of which were vehicles from early production and did not include add-on armor.[iqtibos kerak ] A 2004 article in Quddus Post cited an unnamed military source who said the deal was "buried for good", and speculated that the Stryker was not chosen due to a number of shortcomings. In 2008, the IDF began receiving the locally designed and produced Namer heavy armored personnel carriers instead.[145]
  •  Litva – In 2015, the Lithuanian State Defence Council chose the German made Boxer IFV over the US-made Stryker. Lithuania's requirement that the first batch be delivered in 2017, and the lack of testing of Stryker's 30 mm cannon were reasons.[146][147]

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