Impaltement san'ati - Impalement arts

Boshqa maqsadlar uchun qarang Impale (disambiguation).
Astrid Schollenberger maqsadli qizning "profil" dublyoridagi pozitsiyasini namoyish etadi.

Impaltement san'ati ning bir turi ijrochilik san'ati unda ijrochi rol o'ynaydi inson nishon pichoq otish va kamondan o'q otish kabi yo'nalishlarda aniqlik mahoratini namoyish etadigan o'rtoq ijrochi uchun. Impalement aslida ijrochilar qochishga intilishadi - u tashlovchi yoki nishonni nishonga oladi yaqin unga emas, balki nishonga. Maqsad uloqtirish yoki o'q otishni jarohat etkazmasdan yordamchining tanasiga iloji boricha yaqinroq tushirishdir.

Impalement san'ati ko'pincha topilgan sirklar va yon shoular ba'zan ham xilma-xillik, kabare yoki burlesk ko'rsatuvlari. Bundan tashqari, mixlash to'g'risidagi aktlar adabiyot, san'at, fotografiya va kino va televizion stsenariylar uchun mavzu yaratdi.

Ularning o'rtasida muhim farqlar mavjud pichoq tashlash yoki kamondan otish raqobatbardosh sport turlari va shu kabi ustalik san'ati kabi mahoratlari bilan shug'ullangan. Masalan, raqobatbardosh kamondan otishni tashkillashtirish organlari odamning umumiy yo'nalishi bo'yicha qasddan o'q otishni o'z ichiga olgan faoliyatni taqiqlaydi.[1]

Tarix

Impaltsion san'atlarning aniq kelib chiqishi noma'lum bo'lib qolmoqda, ammo uning faoliyati qadimgi davrlarga qadar davom etishi mumkin. The Rim imperatori Domitian (Milodiy 1-asr) uning mehmonlarini mehmon qilishlari aytilgan Alban nishonga olish mahoratining virtuoz namoyishlariga ega bo'lgan mulk.[2] Tarixchi Suetonius imperatorning tarjimai holida ushbu harakatlar haqida xabar bergan:

Albit mulkida [Domitian] yuzlab turli xil yovvoyi hayvonlarni o'ldirganini va ularning ba'zilarini ketma-ket ikkita o'q bilan o'qlarni shoxlar ta'sirini ko'rsatadigan tarzda o'ldirganini bir necha bor ko'rganlar ko'p. Ba'zan u qulni uzoqroqda turar va barmoqlarini yoyib, o'ng qo'lining kaftini belgi uchun ushlab turar edi; keyin u o'qlarini shu qadar aniq yo'naltirdiki, ular barmoqlar orasidan zararsiz o'tdilar ..

Suetonius, De Vita Tsezarum, "Domitian hayoti", 19

Pichoq uloqtirish ustalari 19-asrda Evropa va Amerikada chiqish qilgani ma'lum.[3] 1871 yildayoq ushbu turdagi xatti-harakatni ta'riflash uchun "impalement" atamasidan foydalanilganligi qayd etilgan.[4] Ustma ustma ustalik san'atining o'sishiga bu juda katta yordam bergan sirk 19-asr va 20-asrning boshlarida, xususan, Amerika ta'sirida rivojlangan. Buffalo Bill 1887 yilda Evropadagi chiqishlari mashhurlik to'lqini paydo bo'ldi Yovvoyi G'arb namoyishlari va ular ishtirok etgan "g'arbiy san'at", shu jumladan pichoq otish, kamondan o'q otish, qamchi yorilishi va o'tkir otish.[5] Sirk dunyosida Amerikada kashshof bo'lgan keng ko'lamli chodirli gastrol tomoshalarining muvaffaqiyati ko'proq mahorat va jasur harakatlarning paydo bo'lishiga, shuningdek, yon shoular, bunda ba'zida impaltsion harakatlar ko'rsatiladi. Eng muhim voqealar orasida Barnum va Beyli 1897 yildan 1902 yilgacha Evropaga gastrol safari, bu Evropa sirk egalariga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi va ularni shu kabi formatlarni qabul qilishga olib keldi. Impaltsion aktlar tomoshabinlarni topishga ishonishi mumkin bo'lgan do'stona bosqichni taqdim etish bilan bir qatorda, tsirk shou va ijrochilar bir-birlarini sinab ko'rishga intilgan raqobat muhiti edi va shu bilan yangi stuntslarni rivojlantirishga turtki bo'ldi. Ko'chirish maqsadlari 1930 yillarda Evropa rassomlari tomonidan qo'llanilgan yangilik edi. E'tiborli misol - o'lim g'ildiragi, bu 1938 yilda AQShga Germaniyadan Gibsons tomonidan kiritilgan deb yozilgan.[6][7]

19-asr oxiri va 20-asr boshlaridagi yana bir tendentsiya shundan iboratki, tez o'sib borayotgan shahar va shaharlarda rivojlanayotgan doimiy joylarda sirklarning harakatlari ish topa boshladi. AQShda ular o'zlariga joy topdilar vedvil va burlesk shoulari. Britaniyada unga teng keladigan narsa edi musiqa zali. Va Amerikada ham, Evropada ham kabare ba'zan impaltsion rassomlarni qamrab oladigan yana bir format edi. 20-asrda kino va keyinchalik televizorning paydo bo'lishi oxir-oqibat impaltsion san'ati rivojlanib borgan joylarning asta-sekin pasayishiga olib keldi, ammo yangi uy bu shaklda yaratildi televizion estrada shoulari. Pichoqni uloqtirish akti televizorda namoyish etilgan birinchi o'yin-kulgilarning biri edi. Qachon BBC 1936 yilda dunyodagi birinchi amaliy televizion xizmatni eksperimental translyatsiyalar bilan boshladi, u ishlab chiqargan dasturlarning turlaridan biri sirk san'atkorlari ishtirokidagi estrada shoulari edi. Denversga pichoq tashlashni o'z ichiga olgan ushbu harakatlar juda ingl va shuning uchun yangi vositaga mos keladi deb o'ylardi.[8] Keyinchalik xilma-xillik dastlabki vaqt jadvallarining muhim qismiga aylandi va o'nlab yillar davomida saqlanib qoldi.

Garchi televizion estrada shoulari endi ilgari bo'lgan tarmoq televideniesining asosiy xususiyati bo'lmaganda ham, ular yashirgan harakatlar yangi savdo nuqtalarini topdi. Impalment san'ati sirk va burleskning zamonaviy versiyalarida yashaydi va hanuzgacha vaqti-vaqti bilan translyatsiya qilinadigan vitrinani topishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. Bunga misol sifatida so'nggi paytlarda "haqiqat TV "kabi format America's Got Talent 2007 yildagi pichoq urish xususiyatiga ega.

Shakllari va o'zgarishlari

Unutmang, u tashlovchi emas, balki nishonga olinadi.

— filmda pichoq ustasi Gabor Ko'prikdagi qiz (La fille sur le pont)[9]

Inson nishonga olish - bu implantatsiya san'atining muhim ajralib turadigan xususiyati. Bir nechta manbalar, shu jumladan taniqli pichoq otuvchilar tomonidan ta'kidlanganidek, ushbu turdagi harakatlarning kuchi va jozibasi tomoshabinning nishonga bergan bahosida bo'lgani kabi, uloqtiruvchi yoki kamonchining mahoratiga qoyil qoladi.[10] Buni tushuntirish uchun turli xil nazariyalar ilgari surilgan: po'lat nervlarni namoyish etishdan oddiy qo'rquvdan tortib to murakkab psixologik va falsafiy nazariyalargacha. Ba'zilarning pastki qismlariga ishora qilayotganda sadomazoxistik erotizm, boshqalar keltiradi dramaturgik ishlaydi va ning hikoya yoyi bilan parallelliklarga ishora qiladi qahramon klassik dramada. Xususan, yordamchining ijrosi syujet qurilmasini aks ettiradi qahramonning sinovi, unda qahramon o'zining qahramonlik fazilatlarini fidoyilik orqali yoki o'ta xavfli xavf bilan isbotlaydi.[11][12]

Maqsadli yoki yordamchi rolni ko'pincha ayol ijrochi egallaydi, ba'zan esa a maqsad qiz, odatda ochiq-oydin kostyum kiyadi va shu bilan aktga ochiq jinsiylik elementini qo'shadi. Bir nechta zamonaviy aktlarda erkak nishon rolida qatnashsa, ba'zilari rolni almashtirishda o'ynasa ham, ayol nishonining an'anaviy figurasi hanuzgacha ustunlik qilmoqda.[13]

Umuman aytganda, yordamchi erkak yoki ayol bo'lsin, pichoq yoki o'qlar singdirilgan yog'ochdan yoki shunga o'xshash materiallardan yasalgan taxta oldida turadi. Ba'zi bir kaskadyorlar uchun yordamchi harakatlanuvchi taxtaga bog'langan. Ushbu asosiy formatda bajariladigan bir nechta intizom va turli xil fokuslar va stuntlar mavjud. Ba'zi fokuslar barcha fanlarning ijrochilari tomonidan amalga oshiriladi, boshqalari odatda bitta intizomning saqlanishidir. Masalan, "o'lim g'ildiragi ", pichoq otuvchilar tomonidan bajariladi, ammo kamonchilar tomonidan emas.

Impalement rassomlari turli xil tasavvurlarni qabul qilishdi, shu jumladan Yovvoyi G'arb raqamlar, "çingene" belgilar yoki smokin kiygan kabare ijrochilar. Hatto impaltsion san'at asarlarini dramatik asarlarga, masalan, spektaklga qadoqlashga harakat qilingan Pin yostig'i, aktrisa haqiqiy pichoqbozlik harakatlarida qatnashganida monologdan iborat (qarang) Teatr ).[14][15][16]

Fanlar

O'lik ustidagi san'atni alohida fanlarga ajratish mumkin. Ba'zi ijrochilar sof fanlardan birida ixtisoslashgan bo'lsa, boshqalari intizomlarni birlashtiradi yoki hatto impalement san'atini boshqa ijro turlariga aralashtiradi.

  • Pichoq otish implantatsiya san'atidagi eng keng tarqalgan va taniqli intizomdir. Bunga pichoqlar bilan bir qatorda bolta, machetes va boshqa o'tkir asboblarni tashlash ham kiradi.
  • Kamondan otish boshqa asosiy intizomdir. Kamonchi kamondan yoki kamondan yoki ikkalasidan ham foydalanishi mumkin.
  • Keskin suratga olish: Ba'zi o'q otish qurollarini o'q otish xatti-harakatlari nishonni ushlab turuvchi ijrochini jalb qilganida, ustma ustalik san'ati toifasiga kirishi munozarali. o'q uzuvchi. O'tkir o'q otish san'ati sifatida bajarilmasa ham, ba'zida pichoq otish bilan bir qatorda Yovvoyi G'arb san'at. Shuningdek, aniqlik mahorati jihatidan kamondan o'q otish bilan juda ko'p o'xshashliklar mavjud.
  • Qamchiqlar va boshqa intizomlar: Kabi fanlar kamon displeylar va hiyla-nayrang o'g'irlash san'ati qat'iyan emas, balki turli sabablarga ko'ra ko'pincha ustma ustalik san'ati fanlari bilan birlashtirilgan. Bullwhip rassomlari va roperlari ba'zida ba'zi bir nayranglar uchun odamning "nishonlari" dan foydalanadilar. Ustiga ustma mixlash san'atining ba'zi ijrochilari o'zlarining aktlarida ushbu boshqa fanlarni ham namoyish etadilar. Bunga qo'shimcha ravishda, yuqorida keltirilgan barcha fanlar ba'zan umumiy kontekstda joylashtirilgan, masalan Yovvoyi G'arb san'at.

Fokuslar

Yordamchining nishon taxtasi oldida turishi va pichoqlar, o'qlar yoki boshqa narsalar ularga tushganda harakatsiz turishi juda xilma-xil. Ko'pincha odatdagi o'zgarishlarning birinchi turi shundaki, yordamchi turli xil pozalarni egallaydi. Masalan:

  • Foydalanuvchining profili: Bu ko'plab ijrochilar tomonidan bajarilgan klassik. Yordamchi taxtada yonma-yon turib, keyin orqaga buriladi. Ustiga mixlangan rassom yordamchining old tomoni bo'ylab bir necha pichoq, bolta yoki o'qni nishonga oladi, oyoqlari atrofidan boshlanib, yordamchining tomog'iga yaqinlashganda oxirgi otish yoki o'q bilan tugaydi. Ushbu pozitsiyaning bir jihati shundaki, u yordamchining zaifligini ta'kidlaydi, ayniqsa tomoqqa yaqin bo'lgan so'nggi zarba bilan. Pichoqchilar uchun yana bir muhim jihat shundaki, yordamchining tanasining yuqori qismi bir qator uloqtirishlar tushishi uchun joylashtirilgan. yuqorida u - egiluvchan maqsadli qiz gorizontal chiziq bo'ylab bo'yin va ko'krakning yuqori qismini qo'yishi mumkin. Malakali uloqtiruvchi pichoq uchish paytida burilish usulidan foydalanib, taxtadan pastga burchak ostida egilib turibdi; Shunday qilib, pichoqning uchi yordamchining ustiga xavfsiz tarzda ta'sir qilishi mumkin, ammo qolgan pichoq pastga egilib, yordamchining tanasiga juda yaqinlashishi mumkin, hatto ba'zi hollarda aloqa o'rnatishi mumkin.
  • Boshcha: Pichoq aktyorlari repertuaridan quyidagi misol keltirilgan: yordamchi nishon taxtasiga qarshi bosh ko'taradi; keyin uloqtiruvchi nishon taxtasining har ikki yuqori burchagiga bittadan ikkita pichoq yoki bolta tashlaydi; yordamchi oyoqlarini taxtaga o'rnatilgan ikkita asbobga tegguncha bir-biridan ajratib turadi; keyin uloqtiruvchi yordamchi oyoqlari tomonidan hosil bo'lgan "V" ga bir qator asboblarni uloqtiradi va tahdid bilan ilmoq tomon siljiydi.

Keyinchalik murakkab stunts va qiyinchiliklarga quyidagilar kiradi:

  • O'lim g'ildiragi: Pichoqsoz uchun eng qiyin va xavfli ishlardan biri. Yordamchi g'ildirak singari o'rtada aylanadigan katta dumaloq nishon taxtasiga bog'langan. Uloqtiruvchi yordamchining tanasi bilan qoplanmagan g'ildirak bo'laklaridagi quruq pichoqlarga tezkor, izchil va ehtiyotkorlik bilan belgilangan bir qator otishni amalga oshirishi kerak. "G'ildiraklar" ning aniq konfiguratsiyasida ba'zi bir farqlar mavjud: ba'zilarida yordamchi qo'llarini yon tomonlariga, boshqalarida esa yordamchi keng tarqalgan. Ba'zida "g'ildirak" aslida dumaloq bo'lmasligi mumkin: qalqon shakllari va to'rtburchaklar shaklda aylanadigan taxtalar ma'lum bo'lgan va ularning barchasi yordamchi o'rnida silliq aylanishi uchun to'g'ri muvozanatlangan bo'lsa, "g'ildiraklar" sifatida ishlaydi.[6] Ushbu dublyajning ayniqsa qiyin versiyasi - bu "pardali g'ildirak", unda nishon qog'oz ekran bilan yopilgan, shuning uchun u tashlovchi yordamchini ko'ra olmaydi. Ushbu xavfli hiyla-nayrangga faqat to'rtta rassom harakat qilgani ma'lum. U birinchi bo'lib 30-yillarda Gibsonlar tomonidan ijro etilgan; 1940 yillarda Zeros nomli duet ularni ta'qib qilgan, Fritz Brumbax buni 1978 yilda Monte-Karloda qilgan va Buyuk Trowdini uni Nyu-Yorkda 2010 yil oktyabr oyida Melissa-Anne Enli o'zining maqsadli qizi sifatida ijro etgan.[17]
  • Iblisning eshigi: Pichoqsoz tomonidan kashshof bo'lgan harakatlanuvchi maqsadli qiyinchilik Larri Sisevski. Bu safar yordamchi markaziy vertikal o'q atrofida aylanadigan eshik o'lchamidagi to'rtburchaklar taxtada. Yana uloqtiruvchi yordamchining tanasi qoplanmagan taxtaning qismlariga pichoqni qo'liga tezkor, izchil va sinchkovlik bilan tashlangan bir qator otishlarni amalga oshirishi kerak. Ba'zan maqsad yordamchining uloqtiruvchidan yuz o'girgan paytlarida taxtaning orqa tomoniga urishdir. Boshqa tashlovchilar yordamchining yon tomonlariga vertikal qatorda pichoqlarni yordamchi ularga yuz o'girgan paytlarda qo'yishgan.[18]
  • Balon yorilib: Yordamchi nishon taxtasi oldida turib, uloqtiruvchi yoki kamonchi portlashga uringan sharlarni ushlab turadi. Balonlarni qo'lda ushlab turish, qo'ltiq ostiga yoki oyoqlari orasiga qo'yish mumkin, ba'zida yordamchi tishlarini orasiga balon tutadi.
  • Uilyam ayt: Hikoyasidan ilhomlangan turli xil stuntslar mavjud Uilyam Tell, afsonaga ko'ra, o'g'lining boshidan olma kamar bilan otishga majbur bo'lgan. Zamonaviy ustma ustalik ustalari ham xuddi shunday fe'llarni namoyish etishgan. Tell afsonasini qaysidir ma'noda mixlash san'ati uchun dastlabki ilhomlardan biri sifatida ko'rish mumkin.
  • Kartani yoki qog'oz plastinani qoqish: Yordamchi nishon taxtasi oldida turib, uloqtiruvchi yoki kamonchi taxtaga mahkamlamoqchi bo'lgan kartani yoki qog'oz varag'ini uzatadi. Xavflilik darajasi ma'lum darajada yordamchining kartani to'liq uzunlikda ushlab turishi yoki uni yaqin tutishi bilan o'zgarishi mumkin. Jasters "Uilyam Tell" versiyasini bajaring, unda karta maqsadli qiz Elena Busnellining boshida muvozanatlanadi.
  • Somon yoki gul poyasini kesish: Yordamchi a somon yoki og'zidagi gul va implantatsiya ustasi uning uchini kesib tashlamoqchi. Bu asosan pichoq tashlovchilar va kaltakesak rassomlari bilan bog'liq.
  • Ko'zi ojiz: Uloqchi yoki kamonchi kiyadi a ko'zni bog'lash. Umuman olganda, yordamchi avval ko'zlari bog'lab qo'yilgan ustma ustalik ustasini nishon taxtasi tomon yo'naltirilgan holatiga yo'naltiradi. Keyin yordamchi taxtaga qarshi turadi va kaskadni boshlash uchun ovozli signal beradi. Bundan shuni anglatadiki, implantatsiya ustasi maqsadni eslagan joyiga qarab maqsad qilishi kerak. Ushbu dublyaj ortida hiyla-nayrang bor va yangi boshlangan impaltsion rassomlar, tajribali mutaxassis tomonidan murabbiylik qilinmasa, bunga urinmaslik haqida ogohlantirmoqda.
  • Yopiq maqsad: Yordamchi uloqtiruvchi yoki kamonchi ularning qaerdaligini aniq ko'ra olmasligi uchun yopilgan. Muqova qog'ozdan yoki boshqa biron bir nopok materialdan yasalgan, shunda pichoqlar yoki o'qlar o'tib ketadi. Xulosa shuki, uloqtiruvchi yoki kamonchi yordamchining holatini xotira va boshqa bilvosita qo'llanmalar yordamida baholashi va shu asosda maqsad qilishi kerak.
  • O'limning ikki pog'onasi: Bunga ikkita pichoqboz bir vaqtning o'zida pichoq traektoriyalarini kesib o'tishlari uchun bir xil nishon taxtasiga tezkor otish ketma-ketligini bajarishni o'z ichiga oladi. Uloqchilar taxtada yordamchiga qarab yonma-yon turishadi. O'ng tarafga uloqtiruvchidan pichoqlar nishon taxtasining chap tomoniga, chap tomonga uloqtirgan pichoqlar esa o'ng tomonga tegadi. Har bir uloqtiruvchi keyingi pichog'ini oldingisini qo'ygan joyidan vertikal yuqoriga qaratadi, shunda yordamchining har ikki tomonida pichoq zinapoyasi hosil bo'ladi. Ushbu kaskadga kashshoflik qilgan Buyuk Throwdini bilan hamkorlikda Garri Munro.[19]
  • Sabzavot bo'lagi: Bodring (yoki shunga o'xshash sabzavot) yordamchining tanasining yalang'och terisida (odatda bilakning ichki qismida) ushlanadi. Bir qator pichoqlar yordamchining atrofiga tashlanadi, oxirida bodringni yarmini kesib tashlagan pichoq bilan tugaydi. Ushbu stunt tomonidan ijro etildi Jek Dagger kuni Tarix kanali "s Ekstremal marksmenlar va Konan O'Brayen ishtirokidagi Tonight Show.

Miflar

Mashq paytida Astrid Schollenberger pichoqlarga yuz o'girmoqda. Ulardan biri parvoz paytida ushlanadi, zarbadan bir soniya oldin.

Ba'zan da'vo qilinishicha, pichoq otish xatti-harakatlari aslida hiyla-nayrang bo'lib, u pichoqni tashlamoqchi bo'lganida pichoqni kaftiga uradi va pichoq nishondan chiqib, mukammal nishon xayolini beradi. Ushbu usulni hech bo'lmaganda bitta sehrgar pichoq tashlashni taqlid qilish uchun ishlatgan bo'lsa ham, pichoq uloqtiruvchilarning aksariyati haqiqiy harakatlarni amalga oshiradilar.[20] Ko'zlarini bog'lab otish kabi ba'zi bir kaskadlar ortida maxfiy hiyla-nayranglar bor, ammo ular nishon taxtasidan otilib chiqqan soxta pichoqlarni o'z ichiga olmaydi.[iqtibos kerak ]

Ijrochilar tomonidan etkazilgan jarohatlar ushbu impaltsiya aktlarining asl mohiyatini tasdiqlaydi. Bunga misol qilib pichoq otuvchi Jayd Xanson bilan televizion trekda jarohat olgan Yana Rodionova va frantsuz nishon qizi Ketrin Jamet, Duo Grey Arrou, 2001 yilda Parijda bo'lib o'tgan Butunjahon sirk festivalida aravachasi paytida o'limga yaqin jarohat olgan. .[21] Pichoq xatti-harakatlarining haqiqiyligi haqidagi guvohnomalarni bir nechta sobiq shaxslarning avtobiografik yozuvlarida topish mumkin maqsadli qizlar.[22]

Taniqli rassomlar

Impaltatsiya san'ati hech bo'lmaganda 19-asrdan boshlangan ijro tarixining mahsuli sifatida rivojlandi. Ushbu meros, ayniqsa taniqli ijrochilarning jamoaviy yutuqlari mavzuni aniqlashga yordam beradi. Boshqa ijrochilik san'atlarida bo'lgani kabi, kim ko'proq e'tiborga loyiq bo'lishi mumkinligi haqidagi hukmlar juda sub'ektiv va oshkoralikning giperboliga ta'sir qiladi. Shunga o'xshash sabablarga ko'ra, ba'zida kimningdir kaskadyorlarning kelib chiqishi haqidagi bahslarni hal qilish qiyin kechadi. Shunga qaramay, ba'zi nomlar tarixiy yozuvlarda va dolzarb yangiliklarda tez-tez takrorlanib turadi. Ba'zilar kashshof yutuqlari bilan tanilgan, ba'zilari san'atni keng auditoriyaga etkazganligi va boshqalari kamroq mashhur bo'lsa-da, tengdoshlariga sezilarli ta'sir ko'rsatgan o'ziga xos belgilar sifatida tanilgan. Bu loyihaning munosib jadvali emasligi va bir-birining ustiga chiqadigan xronologik taqdimotni noqulay holga keltirganligi sababli, ular bu erda ikkita asosiy fan bo'yicha alifbo tartibida keltirilgan.

Pichoq otish

  • Silvestr va Barbara Braun - Bu er va xotin 1940 yillarning boshlarida o'zlarining "G'arb sehrgarlari" aktini ijro etishni boshladilar. Oltmish yil o'tgach, ular Xalqaro to'quvchilar shon-sharaf zali tomonidan "Pichoq uloqtiruvchi kashshof mukofoti" va "20-asrning yovvoyi g'arbiy dueti" unvoniga sazovor bo'lishdi.[23][24]
  • Brumbaxlar / Los-Alamos - Taniqli nemis oilasi endi ikkinchi avlodda harakat qilmoqda. Ular Fritz Brumbaxni otuvchi sifatida, uning rafiqasi Xelga esa maqsadli qiz sifatida boshlashdi. Keyinchalik qizi Silviya ikkinchi maqsadli qiz sifatida ushbu harakatga qo'shildi, so'ngra o'g'li Patrik otishma bo'ldi. Ular ko'plab televizion chiqishlarni qilishdi. Fritz paydo bo'ldi Yulduzlar sirkasi 1986 yilda Britt Ekland uning maqsadli qizi sifatida. Fritz va Xelga nafaqaga chiqqan, ammo Patrik va Silviya aktni davom ettirmoqdalar. Fritz - bu Ginnesning Rekordlar kitobi jonli nishon atrofida tez otish uchun ushlagich.[25]
  • Larri Sisevski - Cisewski ko'plab filmlar va televizion tomoshalarda qatnashgan. U film uchun pichoq tashlash qobiliyatlarini ta'minladi Muxlis. Uning televizion ishi o'z ichiga oladi Merv Griffin shousi, Haqiqiy odamlar, Dik Klark maxsus va 1981 yil dekabrdagi nashrida ijro Yulduzlar sirkasi aktrisa bilan Salli Kellerman uning maqsadli qizi sifatida.[26][27] Shuningdek, u "Iblisning eshigi" ni aylantirib, maqsadli stuntini rivojlantirgani bilan ajralib turadi.[18]
  • Stiv Klemente - Klemente meksikalik aktyor bo'lib, 1930-yillarda kino va seriallarda yovuz odamlarni o'ynashi bilan tanilgan. Klemente bolaligida pichoq tashlashga bo'lgan ehtirosni rivojlantirdi. Keyinchalik bu mahorat unga Gollivuddagi aktyorlik va kaskadyorlik ishlarini yutishda yordam berdi va unga kino yulduzlari atrofiga pichoq tashlashga ishonishdi. U 60 dan ortiq filmlarda suratga tushgan va ularning o'nga yaqiniga pichoq tashlagan, shu jumladan Sideshow (1928), Fu-manchu maskasi (1932), G'alati ahmoq (1933), Uchrashuv (1934), Ikki bayroq ostida (1936), Mad Youth (1940), O'zingizning tashvishlaringizni qo'shiq qiling (1942) va Nyokaning xavf-xatarlari (1942).[28][29]
  • Yelizaveta va Kollinz - Venger otuvchisi Martin Kollinz 1930-yillarda Evropani tsirk ijrochisi sifatida sayohat qilgan. U 2-jahon urushi boshlanganda Elizabeth bilan uchrashishi va turmush qurishi mumkin bo'lgan sherik sifatida ko'rgan. Ular urush yillarini betaraf Shvetsiyada o'tkazdilar va keyinchalik Britaniyada joylashdilar. Kollinz imzo hiyla-nayrangini ishlab chiqishni o'z ichiga olgan o'lim g'ildiragi u torda muvozanatlashib turganda. Ularning bu harakati ularni dunyodagi tungi klublar va vedvil teatrlariga olib bordi va ular televizorga kirib borgan birinchi implantatsiya aktlaridan biri edi. Yelizaveta 1960-yillarning boshlarida nafaqaga chiqqan va uning o'rnini ularning qizi egallagan, u ham Yelizaveta deb nomlangan (garchi qo'shimcha ravishda Agnes deb ham tanilgan). Yelizaveta va Kollinz ijro etishdi Ed Sallivan shousi uch marta va 1960-yillarda josuslik seriyasining epizodida o'zlari kabi paydo bo'lishdi Qasoskorlar.[30][31]
  • Djo "Brokenfeather" Darrah - Jozef Darrah 1957 yilda tug'ilgan va besh yoshida otasining o'qitishi ostida pichoq otishni boshlagan, sobiqRanger. 19 yoshida u sayohat qilayotgan sirk tomonidan pichoq otish va bulvachilik rassomi sifatida yollangan. Keyinchalik u juda muvaffaqiyatli musobaqa tashuvchisi bo'ldi.[32]
  • Jek Dagger - Xanjar - bu o'zini "Fling qiroli" sifatida ko'rsatadigan Todd Abramsning pichoq otish sahnasi personaji. Uning imzosi - yordamchisining qo'lida ushlab turilgan bodring yoki shunga o'xshash sabzavotlarni kesish. Abrams shuningdek aktyor, qamchi rassomi va jongler bo'lib, filmda Adam Sandlerning "kaskadyor qo'llari" rolini o'ynagan. Siz Zohan bilan aralashmaysiz. U Xalqaro pichoq otuvchilarning shon-sharaf zaliga 2005 yilda "Yilning ustma ustuni ustasi" sifatida qo'shilgan va 2006 yilda "Yilning eng yaxshi pichoq otish ijrochisi" unvoniga sazovor bo'lgan.[33][34]
  • Denvers - Denvers televizorda paydo bo'lgan birinchi pichoq otish akti edi. Ular kashshoflarning sinov dasturlarida namoyish etiladigan bir qator turli xil aktlardan biri sifatida tanlangan BBC televideniesi studiya Aleksandra saroyi Ikkinchi jahon urushidan oldin Londonda. Ularning birinchi hujjatlashtirilgan ko'rinishi 1936 yil 24 oktyabrda sinov translyatsiyasida bo'lgan; 1936 yil 14-noyabrda ular televizorning bir qismida paydo bo'lishdi estrada namoyishi Kabare. Ular 1946 yilda urushdan keyin qayta tiklanishidan so'ng uzatilgan dasturda ham paydo bo'lishdi. 1946 yildagi spektaklning yozuvlari mavjud va ularning 1936 yildagi chiqish paytida qilingan radioeshittirish yozuvlari mavjud.[8][35][36]
  • Pol "Hakam" Desmuke - 1876 yilda tug'ilgan Desmuke - bu shou ijrochisi, tinchlik odilligi va vaqti-vaqti bilan aktyor bo'lib, u qo'llari yo'qligi bilan ajralib turardi (u oyoqlari bilan pichoq va manipulyatsiya buyumlarini uloqtirgan). Desmuke sudya laqabini oldi, chunki u Texasning Jurdanton shahrida tinchlik sudyasi bo'ldi. Keyinchalik u pichoq tashlashni o'rgandi va A. G. Barnes sirkida va Sideshowda va Zak Millerning "Yovvoyi G'arbiy Shou" da ishladi. U ikki kishilik sifatida ishlagan Lon Chaney 1927 yilda jim filmda Noma'lum, unda Chaney qurolsiz pichoq uloqtiruvchini o'ynagan. Desmuke 1926 yilda Ma Dixon ismli ayolga uylandi va u u bilan birga Ripleyning Odditoriumida namoyish qilingan impaltsiya aktida uning nishonli qizi sifatida ishladi.Taraqqiyot asri "1933 yilda Chikagodagi xalqaro ko'rgazma. Uni ba'zida Piter Dismuki deb atashadi.[29][37][38] Desmuke 1949 yilda vafot etdi.
  • Gibsonlar - Djo va Xanna Gibsonlar asli Germaniyadan bo'lganlar, ammo keyinchalik Qo'shma Shtatlarda konsert berishdi va ushbu filmni olib kelishgan o'lim g'ildiragi Amerikaga kaskadyorlik. Ular Ringling Brothers va Barnum & Bailey-ning shoularida ishtirok etishdi Madison Square Garden 1938 yilda.[6][39][40][41]
  • Kerolin Xerdi - Haerdi shveytsariyalik pichoq uloqtiruvchisi, u deyarli faqat erkaklarga o'xshab ko'rinadigan savdoda ayol sifatida ajralib turadi. Ilgari u ushbu nom ostida ijro etgan Xavfli ayollar tajribali havo va qattiq simli rassom bo'lgan Klod Shantal Blan nomli maqsadli qiz bilan. Hozirda Karolin Xaerdi Arno Blek ismli erkak otuvchi bilan hamkorlikda ishlaydi; u otuvchi sifatida va u nishon sifatida.[42][43]
  • Dik Xayns - Xeynlar yoshligidan pichoq uloqtirishni boshladilar va uning bir qismi bo'lishdi Xayns oilaviy sirk. Ko'rgazmada baland sim, sehrli harakat, olovni iste'mol qilish va qamchilar, shuningdek pichoq otish bor edi. U boshqa bir qator taniqli otuvchilarni o'rgatgan.[44][45]
  • Jayd Xanson - Xanson - britaniyalik pichoq ustasi, u namoyishlar paytida sherigi Yana Rodionovaga shikast etkazgan qator hodisalar natijasida taniqli darajaga erishgan. Ushbu voqealar orasida er-xotin jonli efirda jahon rekordini namoyish qilishga urinayotgan paytda Miss Rodionovaning boshiga pichoq bilan urilgan baxtsiz hodisa kiradi. ITV Bugun tongda 2003 yil aprel oyida televizion dastur. Er-xotin Kotl va Ostin sirklari bilan ishlaydilar va bir necha marta sirk boshqa qizni almashtirish uchun reklama berib, ommaviy axborot vositalarida katta ahamiyatga ega bo'ldi, chunki Yana aktyorlikdan voz kechgan edi. Biroq, u Hanson bilan ishlashni davom ettirdi va er-xotin 2004 yilda turmush qurishdi.[46][47]
  • Jonni King - Kabare ishlashga ixtisoslashgan gollandiyalik uloqtiruvchi. Boshqa narsalar qatori u nemis rassomi bilan ishlash bilan ham ajralib turadi Timm Ulrichs deb nomlangan ijro video qismini yaratish Messerwurf-Porträt 1978/91.[48] King, shuningdek, yordamchilariga juda yaqin va hatto tegib turgan pichoqlarni ekkan kaskadyorlari bilan ham ajralib turadi, u bu mahoratni Buyuk Britaniya teleko'rsatuvining so'nggi qismida namoyish etdi. Yashirin kabare 1992 yilda.
  • Pol Lakros - Pol Lakross "Dunyodagi eng tezkor, eng xayolparast qurol, pichoq va Tomaxavk otuvchi" deb nomlandi. U otish va keskin o'q otishga qiziqishi Boy Skautlardan boshlangan va u sportchilar ko'rgazmasida qurol va pichoqlar bilan mahorat namoyish etgan kovboyni ko'rgach, ijrochilik karerasiga qadam qo'ygan. Uning televizion kreditlari orasida Merv Griffin shousi, Hayajon izlovchilar Chak Konnors bilan, Mayk Duglas shousi, Mening qatorim nima?, Haqiqatni aytish uchunva tashqi ko'rinish Yulduzlar sirkasi 1983 yilda aktrisa Linda Bler uning maqsadli qizi bo'lgan. U Nyu-Yorkdagi Karnegi Xoll va Kanadaning Toronto shahridagi Massi Xolllarida ijro etdi. Uning asosiy xorijiy chiqishlari orasida madaniy almashinuv dasturi doirasida AQSh sirklari bilan Rossiyaga gastrol safari, Yaponiyada o'tkazilgan Expo 70 va 1977 yil Oklend, Yangi Zelandiyaning Pasxa shousi bor edi. U shuningdek yozish va boshqalarni uloqtirishni rag'batlantiruvchi boshqa harakatlar bilan tanilgan. U 1993 yil avgust oyida 78 yoshida vafot etdi.[6][49][50]
  • Garri Munro - Munro boshqa taniqli ijrochilar tomonidan ishlatiladigan pichoq otish ishlab chiqaruvchisi sifatida tanilgan. U otuvchi sifatida Buyuk Throwdini bilan birga va o'z aktyorligi bilan ijro etdi, Xtreme xulq-atvori. 2005 yilda u Xalqaro pichoq otish shon-sharaf zali tomonidan "Yilning xalqaro pichoq ishlab chiqaruvchisi" unvoniga sazovor bo'ldi.[51][52]
  • Texas Slim va Montana Nell - Bular Robert va Perl Kollinzlarning ijro taxalluslari edi. Robert Kollinz 1900 yil atrofida pichoqsoz sifatida ish boshlagan va 1910 yilga kelib Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show-da ishlagan. U 1929 yilda mohir ot chavandozi Perlga uylandi va ular g'arbiy san'at namoyishlari ishtirokida sayohat qilishdi. Ular 1950 yilda nafaqaga chiqqan. 2006 yilda ular o'limidan so'ng Xalqaro pichoq otishchilar shon-sharaf zalida taqdirlangan.[53]
  • Buyuk Throwdini (aka Rev Dr David Adamovich) - Adamovich jismoniy mashqlar fiziologiyasi, basseyn zallarini boshqarish va tayinlangan vazirni o'z ichiga olgan bir nechta martabalarni ta'qib qilib, boshqa ko'plab eng yaxshi ijrochilarga qaraganda keyinroq hayotni tashlay boshladi. U Nyu-Yorkdagi zamonaviy burlesk va kabare sahnasida tez otish va impaltsion san'atni qayta tiklash bilan mashhur. U qator jahon rekordlariga ega. Maqsadli qiz Tina Nagy bilan birgalikda u 2007 yil NBC teleko'rsatuvida ishtirok etdi America's Got Talent, birinchi bosqichda muvaffaqiyat qozongan, ammo finalga qadar chiqib ketgan. Boshqa televizion chiqishlarni o'z ichiga oladi Konan O'Brayen bilan kech tun va NBC Ginnesning rekordlari jonli: Top 100. U implantatsiya san'ati mavzusidagi bir nechta kitoblarning hammuallifi.[54][55][56]
  • Ikki Tornado Irene va Rolf Stey - bu Shveytsariyaning eski tsirk oilasi a'zolari, ular 1965-1985 yillarda pichoq bilan harakat qilgan va turli xil televizion chiqishlarni, shu jumladan Monte-Karloning xalqaro sirk festivali. Ular Elzabet va Kollinzdan boshqa ikkita harakatdan biri bo'lib, ular bir vaqtning o'zida torli ipdan otishni birlashtirgan va o'lim g'ildiragi.[57]
  • Jorj "Skayter" Von (aka Grey Otter) - Vaughan edi Cherokee Ikkinchi jahon urushida AQSh armiyasida xizmat qilgan va turli vaqtlarda yog'ochni qiruvchi, Gollivud sifatida ishlagan kaskadyor odam va ustma ustma ustasi. U ko'plab milliy televizion chiqishlarni, shu jumladan Haqiqat yoki oqibatlar, Thrillseekers, kichik rol Magnum, P.I. va chiqishlari Yulduzlar sirkasi 1977 yilda aktrisa bilan Ann Turkel uning maqsadli qizi sifatida va yana 1979 yilda Sharlen Tilton pichoqlar U 1989 yilda vafot etdi va 2006 yilda Xalqaro pichoq otish shon-sharaf zali tomonidan o'limidan keyin taqdirlandi.[58][59]
  • Che Che Whitecloud (aka Kennet Lourens Pirs) - Uaytkloud - bu mahalliy amerikalik, uning otasi Lourens Pirs (aka bosh Whitecloud) va bobosi Uillet Pirs ham pichoq otishgan. Che Che tengdoshlari orasida pichoqlarni birin ketin tezlik bilan uloqtirish qobiliyati bilan ajralib turadi. 2004 yilda u Xalqaro pichoq otuvchilar shon-sharaf zali tomonidan "20-asrning eng yaxshi pichoq tashuvchisi" unvoniga sazovor bo'ldi.[60][61][62]
  • Sandra va Tommi Tompson - Tompsonlar "O'lim g'ildiragi" aktyorligini ko'plab sirklar, jumladan Xagen Brothers, aka-uka Klayd Bitti-Koul va qirol birodarlar bilan ijro etishgan. Tommi, shuningdek, qilich yutuvchilarning shon-sharaf zalida bo'lgan qilich yutuvchi edi. Sandra ularning faoliyati davomida ikki marta tiqilib qolgan; bir marta sonda va bir marta quloqda. U qulog'iga tiqilib qolganda, tomoshabinlarning olti nafar ayollari hushidan ketishdi. Ertasi kuni kechqurun ularning chiqishlari faqat turgan xonaga mo'ljallangan edi.
  • Buyuk Cindini (aka Sintiya Morrison ) festivallarda, yarmarkalarda va teatrlarda o'zining "Lethal Injection" shou dasturida ishtirok etadi. U ustozi Buyuk Trowdini tomonidan pichoq otishga ilhomlangan. U 1981 yilgi filmda qo'shimcha rol o'ynagan Tana issiqligi shuningdek, aktyor Burt Reynoldsning pyesalarida suratga olingan. U mustaqil filmda "Pichoq uloqtiruvchisi" sifatida namoyish etilgan Katta top (2009), tarixiy Koloniya teatrida o'zining premerasi bo'lgan Mayami-Bich, Florida.[63][64]
  • Kirpik va po'lat Kirpik va po'latlar - bu amerikalik baptist xushxabarchi Jon Beyli va uning rafiqasi Monikadan iborat pichoq otish va qamchini yorish. Beyli pichoq uloqtirish musobaqalarida ko'plab unvonlarni qo'lga kiritdi va jahon rekordlarini o'rnatdi. U World Knife Throwers Guild Inc kompaniyasining prezidenti va asoschisi, Xalqaro pichoq otishchilar shon-sharaf zalining boshqaruv kengashi a'zosi va Amerika pichoq otuvchilar uyushmasining ustav a'zosi. Shuningdek, u Germaniyadagi Boker kompaniyasi uchun uloqtirish pichoqlari va boshqa turdagi asboblarni ishlab chiqadi.

Kamondan otish va kamoncha harakatlar

  • Aldebaran - U "Tezlik sirkasi" truppasi tarkibiga kiradi va maqsadli qiz bilan birga konsert beradi, shuningdek, u chaqqonlik va muvozanat ustasi. U akrobatik muvozanatni bajarishda ushlab turadigan olma, shar va boshqa narsalarni otadi.[65]
  • Duo Grey Arrow - Ketrin Jamet, ushbu tajribali frantsuz er-xotin aktidagi 39 yoshli nishon qiz, 2001 yilda eri "Uilyam Tell" stuntini ijro etmoqchi bo'lganida, uning ko'zlari ostiga urilib, jiddiy jarohat olgan. Parijdagi Butunjahon sirk festivali. Xabar berishlaricha, er-xotin u o'zini tuzatgandan so'ng aktyorlikni davom ettirishni rejalashtirmoqda.[66][67]
  • Xartzelllar Ross va Elisa Xartzelllar AQShda turmush qurgan er-xotin, ular ikkalasi ham qadimgi tsirk oilalaridan kelib chiqqan. Ular Duo Varanne (shunga qarang) tomonidan bajarilgan shunga o'xshash bir nechta rikoshet fokusini o'z ichiga olgan turli xil krossovkalarni bajaradilar. Xartzelllar birgina kamondan o'q otish natijasida eng ko'p o'q otish bo'yicha dunyo rekordini o'rnatgan deb e'tirof etilgan.[68][69]
  • Jasters - Elena Busnelli va Giacomo Sterza, ular pichoq otish bilan birga kamondan otish bilan shug'ullanishadi, ikkalasi ham eski sirk oilalaridan. Ular Evropaning turli xil yirik sirklarida ishlashgan.[70][71]
  • Yigit ayt - Sherigi Regina Buglione bilan birga ishlagan frantsuz krossovkasi ijrochisi Sirk Kni Evropada va Barnumning kaleydoskopi Qo'shma Shtatlarda.[72][73]
  • Varanne dueti - Varan Duo - bu Evropadagi sirklarda ishlaydigan va "bir nechta rikoshet" hiyla-nayranglari bilan ajralib turadigan, shpallar qatori ketma-ket, har biri oldingisidan o'qqa tutilgan. Ular "o'lim globusi" mototsiklini ham o'z ichiga olgan sirk oilasining bir qismidir.[74]
  • Janob va xonim G - Ottavio Gesmundo va Naomi Brenkman-Gesmundo - bu tanga raqsi, adajio va jang san'atlarini kamondan o'q otish bilan birlashtirgan "Crossbow Tango" shousini namoyish etadigan er-xotin. Yordamchi yo'q, chunki ular navbat bilan qo'l va og'zidan kichik narsalarni otib tashlashadi. Ular ijro etishdi Las-Vegas va Laughlin, Nevada.[75]
  • Johnny Strange - Namoyishlarni o'z ichiga olgan ingliz ijrochisi aqli tanadan ustun, ustma ustalik san'ati, xavfli jonglyorlik, rassomlikdan qochish va fe'llari jismoniy chidamlilik. U turli xil hiyla-nayranglarni bajarish uchun kamondan foydalanadi.[76]

Badiiy yoki badiiy namoyishlar

Ustma ustma ustalik san'ati filmlar, televidenie, adabiyot va san'atda namoyish etilgan. Ushbu vakolatxonalar, aksincha, haqiqiy aktlardan ko'ra, ko'plab odamlarga implantatsiya san'ati haqidagi g'oyalarining asosiy asoslarini taqdim etadi. Impalement aktlari foydali syujet qurilmalari bo'lib chiqdi va ramziy tasvirlarni taqdim etdi. Quyidagi bo'limlarda illyustratsiya yo'li bilan ba'zi misollar keltirilgan.

Filmlar va televidenie

Ehtimol, eng taniqli film namunasi frantsuz filmidir Ko'prikdagi qiz (1999), unda pichoqni tashlash harakati fitna markazida joylashgan va kuchli erotik metafora bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Vanessa Paradis stars as Adele, a girl who attempts suicide by jumping from a bridge but is saved by knife thrower Gabor, played by Daniel Auteuil, who persuades her to become his target girl.[77]Boshqa misollarga quyidagilar kiradi:

  • In episode six of Amerika dahshatli hikoyasi: Freak Show, "Bullseye" (November 2014), character Elsa Mars (Jessica Lange ) throws knives at Paul 'The Illustrated Seal' (Mat Fraser ) as he spins on a wheel of death.
  • Televizion seriyaning to'rtinchi mavsumi Suyaklar, featured an episode (first aired in 2009) in which title character Brennanning "Suyaklar" chidamliligi goes undercover as a target girl with Special Agent Seeley Booth as a knife-thrower.
  • Film Nyu-York to'dalari (2002) features a confrontation between the main protagonists in which Kemeron Diaz 's character Jenny Everdeane acts as a target girl in an impromptu knifethrowing act with the villain, Bill 'The Butcher' Cutting, played by Daniel Day-Lyuis.[78]
  • Televizion seriyada Nikki, the episode titled "The Jupiter and Mary Chain", first aired in 2001, featured the characters played by Nikki Koks va Syuzan Egan taking jobs as target girls.[79][80]
  • Televizion tomosha Qonun (1987) revolved around a knife throwing act. Bu uchun qilingan BBC and was a co-production involving the Qirollik san'at kolleji. It starred Caroline Embling and Bill Rourke. Real life knife thrower Jay Ruffley provided throwing skills in one scene and also appeared as the owner of a club.[81][82][83][84]
  • The 1987 television movie If It's Tuesday It Still Must Be Belgium Xususiyatlari Kurteni Koks as a character who becomes a target girl in a circus knife throwing act.[85]
  • The Jeyms Bond film Sakkizoyoq (1983) features two henchmen called Mischka and Grischka (played by David and Anthony Meyer) who are knife throwing performers in the circus run by the title character.
  • Kino Bronko Billi (1980) features Klint Istvud as a sharpshooter and knife thrower who runs a travelling circus. A key plot element involves Sondra Lokk as a character who becomes a target girl.[86]
  • Televizion seriyada Charli farishtalari, Cheryl Ladd belgi Kris Munro goes undercover as a target girl in an episode titled "Circus of Terror" (1977).
  • "Conspiracy of Silence" (1963), an episode of the television spy series Qasoskorlar, featured a knife throwing act played by real artists Elizabeth and Collins.[31]
  • In the 1960s, knife throwing acts provided iconic scenes in several horror or suspense films set in circuses. These include the following three films, which all used Billy Smart's Circus for location filming:
    • Dahshatli tsirk (1960), in which Vanda Hudson played a target girl called Magda von Meck.[87][88]
    • Qo'rquv sirkasi (1966), which features British actress Margaret Lee as an assistant facing danger in a knife act.[89]
    • Berserk! (1967), in which Judi Gizon played a target girl in a circus knife act.[90]
  • Film Rue Morgning xayoli (1954) has an early scene featuring a knife throwing act. The movie was shot using a 3-D system, which was used to give audiences the impression that knives were flying at them.[91][92][93]
  • In "Lucy Tells the Truth" (1953), an episode of the television series Men Lyusini yaxshi ko'raman, a white lie leads to Lyussil to'pi 's character taking a job as the assistant in a knife act.
  • Kino Misr uchga (1953) comprises three stories, the first of which is about a knife throwing act. The thrower and his target girl have an affair but the thrower is married to another woman. When the wife finds out about the affair it leads to a potentially deadly situation.[94][95]
  • 1951 yilgi film The Knife Thrower is based on a short story by Gay de Mopassant about a circus knife thrower with an unfaithful wife. The thrower's wife, who is also his target girl, is having an affair with a magician.[96][97][98]
  • Kino Sideshow (1928) features a knife throwing act in the climactic scene. The knife thrower was played by Steve Clemente and his assistant by Janet Ford.[99]
  • Kino Noma'lum (1927) stars Lon Chaney as an armless man who throws knives in a circus act. Bundan tashqari, yulduzlar Joan Krouford as the target girl who becomes the focus of his crazed love. Chaney's performance is cited by actors and critics as one of the greatest ever captured on film. In some shots, including parts of the knife throwing scenes, Chaney is doubled by real armless knife thrower Paul "Judge" Desmuke.[100]

Teatr va opera

  • O'yin Pin yostig'i, by Clay McLeod Chapman, is based on a husband and wife knife throwing act and consists of the target girl delivering a monologue while her husband throws knives around her. It was performed as part of Chapman's Pumpkin Pie Show at The Red Room Theatre, New York, in May and June 2002. The performance involved a genuine knife throwing act, with actress Niabi Caldwell as the target girl and professional knife thrower David Adamovich (aka The Great Throwdini) playing her husband.[14][15][16]
  • Pichoqlar malikasi, by American composer Eric Stern, is a full-length opera which tells the story of a brother and sister knife-throwing act in the midst of student protests in the early 1960s. It was first performed in a joint production by Vagabond Opera va Wanderlust sirk at the Interstate Cultural Firehouse Center in Portland, Oregon, in May 2010.[101][102]

Adabiyot

  • Stiven Millxauzer qisqa hikoya The Knife Thrower features a thrower who specialises in nicking or marking those who stand at the target board for him. It was published in 1998 as part of a collection that bears the same title.[103]
  • Roman Istak pichoqlari tomonidan Marion Zimmer Bredli (writing under the pen name Morgan Ives) is about a woman who becomes involved in a lesbian relationship after joining a circus to be the maqsad qiz for a female knife thrower.[104] The cover of the original edition, published in 1966, shows two women in skimpy bikinis, one standing against a target board and the other throwing a knife.[105]
  • Qisqa hikoya Rassom tomonidan Gay de Mopassant (1850–1893) concerns a circus knife thrower who wants to kill his wife. It is hinted that he might do this by feigning an accident while she acts as his target girl. The twist is that he finds this impossible because he has trained himself so well that his reflexes prevent it.[106]
  • The relationship between a target girl and a circus knifethrower is the central motif in the poem cycle Das Mädchen und der Messerwerfer published in 1997 by noted German poet Bo'ri Wondratschek.[107]

Art (including photography)

  • Model Karen Elson is seen spinning on a "wheel of death" target in a picture by photographer Stiven Meysel that formed part of a series titled "Yerdagi eng buyuk shou" in the April 2007 issue of the Italian edition of Moda jurnal.[108]
  • Model Keyt Moss appeared on a "wheel of death" target in two of a series of fashion photos by Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott in the April 2006 issue of V jurnal.[109]
  • Aktrisa Jennifer Ellison appeared strapped to a "wheel of death" target and surrounded by knives in the UK edition of Maksim magazine in 2005. The picture was reproduced in the Daily Star newspaper on 1 December 2005.[110]
  • Rok guruhi Oq chiziqlar appeared as a knife throwing act in a photo by Annie Leibovitz in 2003 that was part of a series which appeared in a book and an exhibition, both titled Annie Leibovitz: American Music.[111][112]
  • Singer and musician Shakira appeared standing against a target with knives around her in a photo in the April 2002 issue of FHM magazine (UK edition).
  • 2002 yilda channel island bailiwick ning Gernsi issued a 40p postage stamp featuring a picture of a knifethrower. It was part of a set titled "Europa: The Circus".[113]
  • Aktrisa Goldi Xon appeared in a circus costume strapped to a "wheel of death" target for a magazine photoshoot in the 1990s.
  • Muqovasi Uni Ya ga yopishtiring, the debut album by heavy metal band Qotillik, was infamous for a picture by photographer Glen Wexler avvalgi Playboy o'yindosh Laurie Carr wearing a swimsuit, strapped to a target board and surrounded by knives. The cover of a subsequent release, Uni jonli ravishda yopishtiring, featured an image apparently from the same shoot as the first but this time showing the target girl walking towards the board hand-in-hand with a knife thrower.
  • Rasm Le Lanceur De Couteaux ("The Knife Thrower") painted in 1943 by Anri Matiss (1869–1954) is an abstract image in which it is possible to discern representations of a thrower and an assistant.[114]
  • Nemis rassomi Timm Ulrichs worked with knife thrower Jonny King to produce the performance video piece Messerwurf-Porträt 1978/91.[48]
  • Ishi Nemis post-zamonaviy rassom va fotograf Sigmar Polke includes a piece titled Messerwerfer (1975), which shows a target girl spinning on a wheel of death and a man preparing to throw a knife.[115]

There are a plethora of cartoon or comic strip images featuring impalement arts acts, often in a humorous context.[116]

Boshqalar

  • Taniqli Playmobil range of toys, marketed at children aged between six and twelve, once included two different sets featuring figures of a knife thrower and assistant. The Knifethrowing circus act set, which was retailed from 1978 until 1982, consisted of a target girl on a rotating "wheel of death " and a knife thrower, both dressed in "wild west" type costumes. The Circus Performers set, released in June 1982 and discontinued in 1987, also contained a similar knife thrower and assistant with a wheel of death target, but their costumes were different and there were three other figures in the set.[117][118]

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar va ma'lumotnomalar

  1. ^ For example, impalement arts contravene rules 101(b) and 102(a) of the UK Grand National Archery Society (GNAS) Rules of Shooting (see "Copy of Rules of Shooting" (PDF). Berkshire Archery Association website. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi (PDF) 2007 yil 4 fevralda. Olingan 2007-02-11.) and represent "substantial" or "intolerable" risk under GNAS Archery range health and safety policy (see "Copy of health and safety policy from SportFocus website" (PDF). Olingan 2007-02-11.)
  2. ^ Suetonius, Life of Domitian 19
  3. ^ Stanley Brion in the foreword to A Day on Broadway, p.vii
  4. ^ "Circuses, The Tenting Season of '71". Nyu-York Clipper. 8 April 1871. Archived from asl nusxasi 2007 yil 11-iyunda. Olingan 9 iyul 2007. (excerpts published on the internet by the Circus Historical Society)
  5. ^ Brion, A Day on Broadway, p.viii
  6. ^ a b v d Branton, Bobby (August 1993). "The Slingin' Southpaw from St Albans". Blade jurnali: 30–31.
  7. ^ shu erda. p.ix
  8. ^ a b "Just like that - television from the past!". Aleksandra saroyi televizion jamiyati. Olingan 2007-05-07.
  9. ^ "Girl on the Bridge quotes". Knifethrower.com. Olingan 2007-02-11.
  10. ^ For example, Dr David Adamovich, aka The Great Throwdini, has frequently asserted the importance of his assistants in print and in web forums. In Adamovich, Heil & Schollenberger, A Day on Broadway: The art of being a knife thrower's assistant, Turnshare (London, 2005), ISBN  1-903343-73-9, p.150, he writes of: "...my lovely and daring assistants - sine qua non - without which there'd be no act!". In the same book Astrid Schollenberger describes her initial instruction by Adamovich thus: "Rule one: The target girl is the star of the show and she has to be aware that the stunts depend on her. Rule two: You must not move".
  11. ^ Dr Joachim Heil PhD, "A short philosophical essay on the art of knife throwing", in Adamovich, Heil & Schollenberger, A Day on Broadway, pp.83–114
  12. ^ Extensive evidence of the debate on this topic is to be found in various online forums including the Dangerous Circus Acts groups on Yahoo!
  13. ^ Stanley Brion in the foreword to A Day on Broadway, p.x
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Bibliografiya

  • Adamovich, Heil & Schollenberger, A Day on Broadway: The art of being a knife thrower's assistant, Turnshare (London, 2005), ISBN  1-903343-73-9,
  • Bobby Branton, "Last of the Professional Throwers", Blade magazine, (January 1996)
  • Frances Brown, "Sensational Impalements" in Fairground Strollers and Showfolk, pab. Ronda Books (2001), ISBN  0-9521282-1-7, pp. 109–116
  • Ronni Kler Edvards, The Knife Thrower's Assistant: Memoirs of a Human Target, Hawk Publishing Group, (October 2000), ISBN  978-1-930709-16-4
  • Marc Hartzman, American Sideshow: An encyclopedia of history's most wondrous and curiously strange performers, Tarcher/Penguin, (2005), ISBN  1-58542-441-2
  • Harry K. McEvoy, Knife and Tomahawk Throwing: The Art of the Experts, Tuttle Publishing (December 1997), ISBN  0-8048-1542-9
  • Harry K. McEvoy, Knife Throwing: A Practical Guide, Tuttle Publishing (August 2004), ISBN  978-0-8048-1099-9
  • Ula the Painproof Rubber Girl, The Knife Thrower's Assistant, an article on the impalement arts from the point of view of a target girl (2003)

Tashqi havolalar