AQSh ijroiya hokimiyati shaharlari ro'yxati - List of U.S. executive branch czars

Qo'shma Shtatlarda, norasmiy siyosiy atama "podsho" yoki "podsho" ma'lum bir siyosatni nazorat qiluvchi yuqori darajadagi amaldorlarga murojaat qilish uchun ommaviy axborot vositalarida va ommabop foydalanishda qo'llaniladi. Hech qachon AQSh hukumati idoralarida "czar" unvoniga ega bo'lmagan, ammo turli xil davlat amaldorlarini ba'zan ularning haqiqiy unvoni emas, balki "czar" laqabi bilan atashgan.

AQSh hukumati amaldori uchun atamadan ma'lum bo'lgan eng qadimgi ma'muriyatda bo'lgan Franklin Ruzvelt (1933-1945), unda o'n bitta noyob pozitsiya (yoki "Iqtisodiy podshoh" va "Ikkinchi jahon urushining iqtisodiy podshosi" alohida deb hisoblanadigan bo'lsa, o'n ikkita)) shunday ta'riflangan. Ushbu atama, asosan rasmiylar tomonidan qayta tiklanib, rasmiylar tasvirlangan Richard Nikson va Jerald Ford ma'muriyatlari va bugungi kunda ham davom etmoqda.

Ma'muriyat tomonidan

Ro'yxat sub'ektiv va aniq emas, chunki ba'zi bir nashrlar yoki siyosiy raqib tomonidan tez-tez shaxslar yoki idoralar "czar" laqabi bilan murojaat qilishlari mumkin, ammo amaldagi hukumat amaldori, nashrlarning aksariyati va boshqalari bu atamani ishlatmaydilar. Mumkin bo'lgan ta'riflardan biri faqat Senat tomonidan tasdiqlanmagan holda prezident tomonidan tayinlanadigan mansabdor shaxslardir.

Xulosa jadvali - har bir administratsiyadagi kvarlarning soni
Prezidentning ismiPartiyaOfisdaSoni
podshoh unvonlari
Soni
tayinlanganlar
Belgilanganlar yo'q
Senat tomonidan tasdiqlangan
Franklin RuzveltD.1933–1945111918
Garri TrumanD.1945–1953665
Duayt EyzenxauerR1953–1961110
Lindon JonsonD.1963–1969331
Richard NiksonR1969–1974355
Jerald FordR1974–1977222
Jimmi KarterD.1977–1981232
Ronald ReyganR1981–1989111
Jorj H. V. BushR1989–1993230
Bill KlintonD.1993–20018117
Jorj V.BushR2001–2009334928
Barak ObamaD.2009–2017385039
Donald TrampR2017-20211TBD [yangilanishga muhtoj ]42TBD [yangilanishga muhtoj ]40

Raqamlar quyidagi tartiblangan ro'yxat asosida tuzilgan. Iltimos, batafsil ma'lumot va ma'lumot uchun uni ko'ring. E'tibor bering, nima mashhurligi so'z hokimiyatning ob'ektiv o'lchovi o'rniga.

Shuni ham ta'kidlash kerakki, Jorj V.Bush davrida hozirda faqat 33 ta podshoh unvonlari topilgan edi, shuning uchun faqat 33 ta podshohlar mavjud edi, ammo bu unvonlarning aksariyati bir nechta alohida shaxslar tomonidan ishlatilgan. Masalan, Mehnat kotibining minalardan xavfsizlik va sog'liqni saqlash bo'yicha yordamchisi bor 1977 yildagi minalardan foydalanish xavfsizligi to'g'risidagi qonun, ammo "minalar xavfsizligi chorasi" iborasi faqatgina ushbu lavozimga munozarali tayinlanganidan beri qo'llanilgan Richard Stickler 2006 yilda lavozimga. Xuddi shunday, direktor ham bor edi Axborot va tartibga solish ishlari boshqarmasi chunki ofis tomonidan yaratilgan Hujjatlarni qisqartirish to'g'risidagi qonun 1980 yil, ammo "tartibga soluvchi chor" atamasi ushbu lavozimga 2001 yilgacha qo'llanilmagan.

Ijroiya hokimiyati shaharlari ro'yxati

Quyidagilar ommaviy axborot vositalari tomonidan biron bir podshoh sifatida ta'riflangan ijro etuvchi hokimiyat amaldorlari.

Tsar unvoniRasmiy unvonOfis egasiEgalikUchrashuv turiMa'muriyatni tayinlashSenat tasdiqladi
AfPak podsho, Afg'oniston va PokistonAfg'oniston va Pokiston bo'yicha maxsus vakilXolbruk, Richard[1]2009–2010Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
OITS podshohMilliy OITS siyosati koordinatori, a'zosi Oq uyning ichki siyosat bo'yicha kengashiGebbi, Kristin[2]1993–1994Prezident tayinlandiBill Klinton
OITS tsarDirektori OITSga qarshi milliy siyosat idorasiFleming, Patrisiya[3]1993–1997Prezident tayinlandiBill Klinton
OITS tsarOITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy siyosat idorasi direktori, OITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha Prezidentning elchisiTurman, Sandra[4]1997–2000Prezident tayinlandiBill Klinton
OITS tsarOITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy siyosat idorasi direktoriEvts, Skott[5]2001–2002Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
OITS tsarOITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy siyosat idorasi direktoriO'Nil, Djo[6]2002–2003Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
OITS tsarOITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy siyosat idorasi direktoriTompson, Kerol[7]2004–2006Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
OITS tsarOITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy siyosat idorasi direktoriKrouli, Jefri[8]2009–2012Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
OITS tsarOITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy siyosat idorasi direktoriKolfaks, Grant[9]2012–2014Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
OITS tsarOITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy siyosat idorasi direktoriBruks, Duglas[10]2014–2016Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
qashshoqlikka qarshi chor, qashshoqlik chorIqtisodiy imkoniyatlar bo'limi direktoriShriver, Sargent[11]1965–1969Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiLindon Jonson
Osiyo karp podshohOsiyo karp direktori, atrof-muhit sifati bo'yicha kengashGoss, Jon[12]2010 yil - noma'lumAtrof-muhit sifati bo'yicha kengash tanlanganBarak Obama
avtoulovning karori, avtoulovning karoriG'aznachilik bo'yicha maslahatchi, bo'lim boshlig'i Avtomatik ishchi guruhRattner, Stiv[13]2009 yil fevral-iyulSek. G'aznachilik tayinlandiBarak Obama
avtoulovning karori, avtoulovning karoriPrezidentning avtomobilsozlik bo'yicha maxsus guruhi katta maslahatchisiBloom, Ron[14]2009–2011Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
avtoulovni qayta tiklash czar, autoworker czarPrezidentning avtomobilsozlik bo'yicha tezkor guruhi a'zosi, avtoulovlar va ishchilarni tiklash bo'yicha direktorMontgomeri, Ed[15]2009 yil - noma'lumPrezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
bankni qutqarish chorasi, Muammoli aktivlarni yo'qotish dasturi (TARP) czarAmerika Qo'shma Shtatlari G'aznachilik kotibi yordamchisi moliyaviy barqarorlik uchun, G'aznachilik kotibining katta maslahatchisiKashkari, Nil.[16]2008–2009(Yangi lavozim), Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
bankni qutqarish uchun czar, TARP czarAmerika Qo'shma Shtatlari G'aznachilik kotibining moliyaviy barqarorlik bo'yicha yordamchisiAllison, Gerbert[17]2009–2013Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
bioetika podshohPrezidentning maslahatchisi, raisi Prezidentning bioetika bo'yicha kengashiKass, Leon[18]2001–2005(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
parranda grippi podshohSog'liqni saqlash va aholiga xizmat ko'rsatish kotibining yordamchisi, Prezidentning jamoat salomatligi bo'yicha favqulodda vaziyatlarga tayyorgarlik bo'yicha maslahatchisiSimonson, Styuart[19]2004–2006(Yangi lavozim), Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
tug'ilishni nazorat qilish chorAholi ishlari bo'yicha kotib yordamchisining o'rinbosari, Sog'liqni saqlash va aholiga xizmat ko'rsatish boshqarmasiKerak, Erik[20]2006–2007Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
chegara podshohAQSh advokati va janubi-g'arbiy chegara bo'yicha maxsus vakili, Adliya vazirligiBersin, Alan[21]1995–1998Prezident nomzodini ko'rsatdi, Senat AQSh prokurori etib tasdiqlandi, maxsus vakil etib tayinlandiBill Klinton
chegara podshosiKotibning xalqaro masalalar bo'yicha yordamchisi, chegara masalalari bo'yicha maxsus vakili, Milliy xavfsizlik bo'limi,Bersin, Alan[22]2009–2011Milliy xavfsizlik sek tayinlandiBarak Obama
byudjet podshosiDirektori Boshqarish va byudjet idorasiDaniels, Mitchell E.[23]2001–2003Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
byudjet podshosiBoshqarish va byudjet idorasi direktoriBolten, Joshua[24]2003–2006Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
byudjet podshosiBoshqarish va byudjet idorasi direktoriPortman, Rob[25]2006–2007Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
tozalash czarBosh prokurorning maxsus yordamchisi (korruptsiyani tergov qilish uchun)Morris, Nyubold[26]1952 yil, 63 kundan keyin Atty General yozuvlardan foydalanishni talab qilganligi uchun ishdan bo'shatilgan; AG keyinchalik prezident Truman tomonidan iste'foga chiqishga majbur bo'ldiBosh prokuror tayinlandiGarri Truman
tozalash czarKotibning yordamchisi Atrof-muhitni boshqarish, Energetika bo'limi (yadroviy tozalash)Roberson, Jessi[27]2001–2004Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
tozalash czarEnergetika vazirligi (yadroviy tozalash) atrof-muhitni boshqarish bo'yicha kotib yordamchisiRispoli, Jeyms[28]2005–2008Sek. Energiya tayinlandi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
iqlim podshosiPrezidentning yordamchisi va shtat kotibi, iqlim o'zgarishi bo'yicha prezident koordinatori, Kioto va Beenos-Ayresdagi katta muzokarachiTodd D. Stern[29]1997–1999Prezident tayinlandiBill Klinton
iqlim podshosiIqlim o'zgarishi bo'yicha maxsus vakilStern, Todd D.[30]2009Sek. tayinlangan davlatBarak Obama
iqlim podshosi, energetika podshosi, Global isish podshohPrezidentning energetika va iqlim o'zgarishi bo'yicha yordamchisiBrauner, Kerol[31]2009–2011(Yangi lavozim)Barak Obama
mualliflik huquqi podshohIntellektual mulk ijrosi bo'yicha koordinatorbo'sh; lavozimi tasdiqlangan, ammo Bush ma'muriyati davrida to'ldirilmagan[32]2008–2009(Yangi lavozim)Jorj V.Bush
mualliflik huquqi podshohIntellektual mulk ijrosi bo'yicha koordinatorEspinel, Viktoriya[33]2009–2013(birinchi pozitsiyada)Barak Obama
aloqa podshosiPrezidentning maslahatchisi, Prezidentning maxsus maslahatchisiBartlett, Dan[34]2005–2007Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
kompensatsiya czar, Gulf da'volari czar, czar payMaxsus usta uchun TARP Ijro etuvchi kompensatsiyaFeynberg, Kennet[35]2009–2011, 2014-2016?Sek. G'aznachilik tayinlandiBarak Obama
xaridorUchun maxsus maslahatchi Iste'molchilarni moliyaviy himoya qilish byurosiUorren, Yelizaveta[36]2010–2011(Yangi lavozim), Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
kruiz çarFederal dengiz komissiyasi uchun faktlarni aniqlash bo'yicha xodimSola, Lui E. [37]2020-2023Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiDonald J Tramp
avtomobil podshosiIchki siyosat bo'yicha bosh maslahatchi va Oq uyning ichki siyosat kengashining direktoriRid, Bryus[38]1993–2001(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiBill Klinton
kiber xavfsizlik czar, cyber czarPrezidentning kiberxavfsizlik bo'yicha maxsus maslahatchisi, boshqaruv va byudjet idorasi (OMB)Klark, Richard A.[39]2001 yil oktyabr-2003 yil fevral(Yangi lavozim), Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
kiber xavfsizlik czar, kiber czarDirektor, Milliy kiberxavfsizlik markaziBekstrom, Rod[40]2008–2009(Yangi lavozim), Prezident ko'rsatmasi, Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
kiber xavfsizlik czar, kiber czarOq uyning kiberxavfsizlik idorasi direktori, kiberxavfsizlik koordinatoriXetvey, Melissa[41]2009 yil may-iyul, podshoh vazifasini bajaruvchi; iste'foga chiqdi [42]Ofis 2009 yil 31 mayda tashkil etilgan.Barak Obama
kiber xavfsizlik czar, kiber czarOq uyning kiberxavfsizlik idorasi direktori, kiberxavfsizlik koordinatoriTom Bossert[43]2017–2018Ofis 2009 yil 31 mayda tashkil etilgan.Donald J. Tramp
kiber xavfsizlik czar, kiber czarOq uyning kiberxavfsizlik idorasi direktori, kiberxavfsizlik koordinatoriRobert Joys[44]2018–2018Ofis 2009 yil 31 mayda tashkil etilgan.Donald J. Tramp
tsenzuraning podshosiDirektor, Tsenzura idorasiNarx, Bayron[45]1941–1945Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
ma'lumot podshosiDirektor, Harbiy ma'lumot idorasiDevis, Elmer[46]1942–1945Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
Lotin Amerikasi ishlari podshosiDavlat kotibining amerikalararo ishlar bo'yicha yordamchisiMann, Tomas S.[47]1964–1965Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiLindon Jonson
demokratiya podshosiGlobal demokratiya strategiyasi bo'yicha milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchining o'rinbosariAbrams, Elliott[48]2005–2008Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
ichki podshohPrezidentning maxsus yordamchisi, ichki siyosat bo'yicha yordamchiKalifano, Jozef[49]1965–1969Prezident tayinlandiLindon Jonson
ichki siyosat podshosiBoshliq Ichki siyosat Prezidentning koordinatori, yordamchisi va prezidentning katta maslahatchisi, Oq uy apparati rahbarining o'rinbosariRove, Karl[50]2004–2006Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
oiladagi zo'ravonlikPrezidentning maslahatchisi va vitse-prezident oiladagi zo'ravonlik va jinsiy tajovuz masalalari bo'yichaRozental, Lin[51]2009Vitse-prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishGiyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishning oldini olish bo'yicha maxsus tadbirlar boshqarmasi, giyohvandlik dasturlari rahbariJaffe, Jerom[52]1971Prezident tayinlandiRichard Nikson
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishGiyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilish bo'yicha Milliy institut direktori va Giyohvand moddalarni davolash boshqarmasi boshlig'iDyupon, Robert1973–1978Jerald Ford
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishOq uyning giyohvandlik siyosati direktori (1982), prezidentning giyohvandlik bo'yicha maxsus yordamchisi (1983), milliy giyohvand moddalar bilan chegaradosh taqiqlash tizimining kabinet darajasi ijroiya kengashi a'zosi (1983), prezidentning giyohvandlik siyosati bo'yicha yordamchisining o'rinbosari. (1985)Tyorner, Karlton[53]1982–1988(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiRonald Reygan
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishDirektor, Giyohvand moddalarni nazorat qilish bo'yicha milliy siyosat idorasiBennett, Uilyam J.[54]1989–1990(Yangi lavozim) Kongress tomonidan yaratilgan, Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqlaganJorj H. V. Bush
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishGiyohvand moddalarni nazorat qilish bo'yicha milliy siyosat boshqarmasi direktoriMartines, Bob[55]1991–1993Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj H. V. Bush
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishGiyohvand moddalarni nazorat qilish bo'yicha milliy siyosat direktoriBraun, Li P.[56]1993–1995Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBill Klinton
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishGiyohvand moddalarni nazorat qilish bo'yicha milliy siyosat direktoriMakkaffri, Barri[57]1996–2001Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBill Klinton
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishGiyohvand moddalarni nazorat qilish bo'yicha milliy siyosat direktoriUolters, Jon P.[58]2001–2009Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishGiyohvand moddalarni nazorat qilish bo'yicha milliy siyosat direktori (kabinet safi olib tashlandi)Kerlikovsk, R. Gil[59]2009–2014Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilishGiyohvand moddalarni nazorat qilish bo'yicha milliy siyosat direktoriBotticelli, Maykl P.[60]2015–2017Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
Ebola qiroliEbolaga qarshi kurash bo'yicha koordinatorKlen, Ron2014–2015Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
elektron tijorat czar, e-czarElektron tijorat bo'yicha ishchi guruhning ijrochi direktoriElizabeth Echols[61]1998–2000Vitse-prezident tayinlandiBill Klinton
iqtisodiy podshoh, Ikkinchi jahon urushining iqtisodiy podshosiDirektor, Iqtisodiy barqarorlashtirish idorasiByorns, Jeyms[62]1942–1943(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
iqtisodiy podshohIqtisodiy barqarorlashtirish boshqarmasi direktoriVinson, Fred M.[63]1943–1945Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
iqtisodiy podshohIqtisodiy barqarorlashtirish boshqarmasi direktoriDevis, Uilyam Xemmat[64]1945–1946Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
iqtisodiy podshoh, katta rasm iqtisodiy podshohRais, Iqtisodiy tiklanish bo'yicha maslahat kengashiVolker, Pol A.[65]2009Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
energiya podshosiEnergiya siyosati bo'yicha byuroning direktoriSevgi, Jon Artur[66]1973(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiRichard Nikson
energiya podshosiFederal energiya idorasi ma'muriSimon, Uilyam E.[67]1973–1974Prezident tayinlandiRichard Nikson
energiya podshosiFederal Energiya ma'muriyati ma'muriSawhill, Jon[68]1974Prezident tayinlandiRichard Nikson
energiya podshosiFederal Energiya ma'muriyati, Prezidentning energetika masalalari bo'yicha yordamchisi, Energiya resurslari bo'yicha kengashning ijrochi direktoriZarb, Frank[69]1974–1977Prezident tayinlandiJerald Ford
energiya podshosiDirektor, Energetika bo'limi (kabinet darajasidagi pozitsiya)Shlezinger, Jeyms[70]1977–1979(Yangi lavozim), qonunlar qabul qilindi, Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqlandiJimmi Karter
axloqshunoslik, shaffoflikaxloq qoidalari va davlatni isloh qilish bo'yicha prezidentga maxsus maslahatEyzen, Norm[71]2009–2010(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
axloqshunoslik, shaffoflikOq uy maslahatchisiBauer, Robert[72]2010–2011Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
e'tiqodga asoslangan podshoh, e'tiqod chorOq uyning Iymonga asoslangan va jamoatchilik tashabbuslari idorasi direktoriDiIulio, Jon[73]2001–2002(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
e'tiqodga asoslangan czar, e'tiqodli czarOq uyning Iymonga asoslangan va jamoatchilik tashabbuslari idorasi direktoriTvi, Jim[74]2002–2006Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
e'tiqodga asoslangan czar, e'tiqodli czarOq uyning Iymonga asoslangan va jamoat tashabbuslari idorasi direktoriXeyn, Jey[75]2006–2008Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
e'tiqodga asoslangan podshohDirektori Oq uyning e'tiqodga asoslangan va mahalla sheriklik idorasiDuBois, Joshua[76]2009–2013Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
e'tiqodga asoslangan podshohDirektori Oq uyning e'tiqodga asoslangan va mahalla sheriklik idorasiMelissa Rojers[77]2013–2014?Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
oziq-ovqat çarOziq-ovqat ma'muri va Qishloq xo'jaligi kotibiVikard, Klod[78]1942–1943Exec tartibiFranklin Ruzvelt
oziq-ovqat çarUrush uchun oziq-ovqat ma'muriDevis, Chester S[79]1943Exec tartibiFranklin Ruzvelt
oziq-ovqat çarUrush uchun oziq-ovqat ma'muriJons, Marvin[80]1943–1945Exec tartibiFranklin Ruzvelt
oziq-ovqat çarFuqarolarning oziq-ovqat qo'mitasi raisiLakman, Charlz[81]1947 yil sentyabr-noyabrPrezident tayinlandiGarri Truman
oziq-ovqat xavfsizligiKomissarning oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini himoya qilish bo'yicha yordamchisiAcheson, Devid V. K.[82]2007–2008Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
tashqi yordam podshohMa'muri AQSh Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi (USAID)Tobias, Randall[83]2006–2007Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
global SPIDGlobal miqyosda OIV / OITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha AQSh hukumati faoliyati koordinatori elchi unvoni bilanTobias, Randall[84]2003–2006(Yangi lavozim), Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
global SPIDGlobal miqyosda OIV / OITSga qarshi kurash bo'yicha AQSh hukumatining koordinatori, elchi darajasiga egaDybul, Mark[85]2006–2009Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
Buyuk ko'llarEPA ma'murining katta maslahatchisiDevis, Kemeron[86]2009–2017(Yangi lavozim)Barak Obama
yashil ish o'rinlari czarOq uyning yashil ish o'rinlari, korxona va innovatsiyalar bo'yicha maxsus maslahatchisi, Oq uyning atrof-muhit sifati bo'yicha kengashi a'zosiJons, Van[87]2009 yil aprel-sentyabrPrezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
Guantanamo bazasi yopilish chorAQSh Davlat departamenti Maxsus elchiFrid, Doniyor[88]2009–2013Sek. davlat tayinlanganBarak Obama
sog'liqni saqlash czar, techar czar, internet czar, e-czarSiyosatni ishlab chiqish bo'yicha katta maslahatchiMagazinator, Ira,[89]1993–1998Prezident tayinlandiBill Klinton
sog'liqni saqlash czarDirektori Oq uy sog'liqni saqlashni isloh qilish idorasi va Prezidentning maslahatchisiDeParle, Nensi-Ann[90]2009–2011Exec tartibiBarak Obama
Jahon savdo markazi (WTC) uchun sog'liqni saqlash idorasiJahon Savdo Markazi (WTC) tibbiy kuzatuv va davolash dasturi, 11 sentyabr xurujlarining sog'liqqa ta'siriga javob beradigan maxsus koordinator, shuningdek, Milliy xavfsizlik va mehnat xavfsizligi instituti direktori bo'lib ishlaganXovard, Jon[91]2006–2008Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
sog'liqni saqlash IT czarSog'liqni saqlash bo'yicha axborot texnologiyalari bo'yicha milliy koordinator, Sog'liqni saqlash va aholiga xizmat ko'rsatish boshqarmasiBrailer, Devid J.[92]2004–2006(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, sek tomonidan tayinlangan. HHSJorj V.Bush
sog'liqni saqlash IT czarSog'liqni saqlash bo'yicha axborot texnologiyalari bo'yicha milliy koordinator, Sog'liqni saqlash va aholiga xizmat ko'rsatish boshqarmasiBlumenthal, doktor Devid[93]2009 -Sanoat tomonidan tayinlangan ijro buyrug'i. HHSBarak Obama
ichki xavfsizlik chorasiPrezidentning ichki xavfsizlik va terrorizmga qarshi kurash bo'yicha yordamchisiRidj, Tom[94]2001–2002(Yangi lavozim), Exec ordeni, Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
ichki xavfsizlik chorasiAQSh Milliy xavfsizlik vazirligi kotibiRidj, Tom[95]2003–2004(Yangi lavozim), qonunlar qabul qilindi, Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqlandiJorj V.Bush
ichki xavfsizlik chorasiAQSh Milliy xavfsizlik vazirligi kotibiChertoff, Maykl[96]2005–2009Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
uysizlar podshosi, uysizlar podshosiIjrochi direktor, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Uysizlar bo'yicha idoralararo kengashFil Mangano[97][98]2002–2008Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
uy-joy podshosiUrushni safarbar qilish va qayta tiklash idorasida uy-joy ekspeditoriUayt, Uilson[99]1945–1946(Yangi lavozim), Prezident tayinlandiGarri Truman
Fors ko'rfazidagi qirg'oqni rekonstruksiya qilish chorasi, Katrina to'foniKatrina bo'ronini tiklash bo'yicha federal koordinatorPauell, Donald E.[100]2005–2008Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
inflyatsiya chorasi, inflyatsiyaga qarshi chorMaxsus savdo vakili, AQShning bosh savdo muzokarachisiStrauss, Robert[101]1978Prezident tayinlandiJimmi Karter
inflyatsiya podshosiPrezidentning maslahatchisi, Ish haqi va narxlarning barqarorligi bo'yicha kengash raisiKan, Alfred[102]1977–1980Prezident tayinlandiJimmi Karter
ma'lumot podshosi, axborot texnologiyalari podshohBosh axborot mutaxassisi Oq uydaKundra, Vivek[103]2009–2011(Yangi lavozim), Prezident tomonidan tayinlangan nizom bilan tuzilganBarak Obama
ma'lumot podshosi, axborot texnologiyalari podshohBosh axborot mutaxassisi Oq uydaVanRekel, Stiven[104]2011–2014nizom bilan yaratilgan, Prezident tayinlanganBarak Obama
razvedka podshosiMilliy razvedka direktoriNegroponte, Jon[105]2005–2007(Yangi lavozim), Kongress vakolatli, Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqlanganJorj V.Bush
razvedka podshosiMilliy razvedka direktoriMakkonnell, Jon Maykl[106]2007–2009Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
razvedka podshosiMilliy razvedka direktoriBler, Dennis[107]2009–2010Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
razvedka podshosiMilliy razvedka direktoriKlapper, Jeyms[108]2010–2017Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
Eron podshosiFors ko'rfazi va janubi-g'arbiy Osiyo bo'yicha maxsus maslahatchi (unga Eron ham kiradi)Ross, Dennis[109]2009–2011Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
ishchi kuchi chorDirektor, Urush ishchi kuchlari komissiyasiMaknutt, Pol V.[110]1942–1945Exec tartibiFranklin Ruzvelt
Czar ishlab chiqarishAQSh savdo departamentining ishlab chiqarish va xizmatlar bo'yicha kotibi yordamchisiFrink, Albert[111]2004–2007(Yangi lavozim), Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
Czar ishlab chiqarishSavdo kotibining ishlab chiqarish va xizmat ko'rsatish bo'yicha yordamchisiSatton, Uilyam G.[112]2007–2008Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
Czar ishlab chiqarishIshlab chiqarish siyosati bo'yicha katta maslahatchiBloom, Ron[14]2009–2011Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
Yaqin Sharq podshosiYaqin Sharq tinchligi uchun maxsus vakilMitchell, Jorj[113]2009–2011Sek. tayinlangan davlatBarak Obama
minalar xavfsizligi chorlariMehnat kotibining minalar xavfsizligi va sog'lig'i bo'yicha yordamchisiStikler, Richard[114]2006–2008Tanaffusga tayinlanish - prezidentlikka ilgari ko'rsatilgan 2 nomzod Senat tomonidan rad etilganJorj V.Bush
raketa podshosiHarbiy-havo kuchlari kotibining ilmiy tadqiqotlar va rivojlantirish bo'yicha yordamchisiGardner, Trevor[115]1954–1956Sek. Mudofaa tayinlandi, Senat tasdiqladiDuayt D. Eyzenxauer
mobilizatsiya czar, fuqarolik iqtisodiyoti czarDirektor, Mudofaani safarbar qilish boshqarmasiUilson, Charlz E.[116]1950–1952(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyurtmasiGarri Truman
neft podshosiMilliy mudofaa bo'yicha neft koordinatori, ichki ishlar kotibiIkk, Xarold L.[117]1941–1946Prezident nomzodini ilgari surdi, Senat Ichki ishlar vazirligi tomonidan tasdiqlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
homiylik podshohBosh pochta boshqaruvchisi Pochta aloqasi bo'limi, Kabinet darajasidagi lavozimHannegan, Bob[118]1945–1947Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiGarri Truman
ishlash tsarAmerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining ijrochi direktori va direktorning menejment bo'yicha o'rinbosari Boshqarish va byudjet idorasiZients, Jeffri[119]2009–2013Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
siyosat podshosiPrezidentning siyosat va strategik rejalashtirish bo'yicha yordamchisiGerson, Maykl[120]2005–2006Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
narx-navoMa'mur, Narxlarni boshqarish boshqarmasiXenderson, Leon[121]1941–1942(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
narx-navoMa'mur, narxlarni boshqarish idorasiJigarrang, Prentiss Marsh[122]1942–1943Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
narx-navoMa'mur, narxlarni boshqarish idorasiBowllar, Chester[123]1943–1946Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
narx-navoNarxlar bo'yicha komissiya raisiGreyson, C. Jekson, kichik[124]1971(Yangi lavozim), Prezident tayinlandiRichard Nikson
ishlab chiqarish chorDirektor, Urush ishlab chiqarish kengashiNelson, Donald[125]1942–1944(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
ishlab chiqarish chorDirektor, Urush ishlab chiqarish kengashiKrug, Yuliy[126]1944–1945Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
xalq diplomatiyasi podshosiPrezidentning maxsus maslahatchisi, davlat kotibining jamoat diplomatiyasi va jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar bo'yicha maslahatchisiXyuz, Karen[127]2005–2007Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
xalq diplomatiyasi podshosiDavlat kotibining jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar va jamoat diplomatiyasi bo'yicha maslahatchisiGlassman, Jeyms[128]2008–2009Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
qirolni o'qishPrezidentning birinchi tashabbusini o'qish bo'yicha maslahatchisi, Prezidentning maxsus ta'limning mukammalligi bo'yicha komissiyasi a'zosiLion, G. Rid[129]2001–2005Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
rekonversion czarUrushni safarbar qilish va qayta tiklash bo'yicha direktorSnayder, Jon[130]1945–1946Prezident tayinlandiGarri Truman
tartibga soluvchi podshohDirektori Axborot va tartibga solish ishlari boshqarmasi Boshqarish va byudjet idorasiGrem, Jon D.[131]2001–2006Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
tartibga soluvchi podshohDirektori Axborot va tartibga solish ishlari boshqarmasi Boshqarish va byudjet idorasiDadli, Syuzan[132]2006–2009Tanaffusga tayinlash, nomzod Senat ovozini ololmadiJorj V.Bush
tartibga soluvchi chorDirektori Axborot va tartibga solish ishlari boshqarmasi Boshqarish va byudjet idorasiSunshteyn, Kass[133]2009–2012Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
kauchuk kzarKauchuk direktoriJeffers, Bill[134]1942–1943(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Urush ishlab chiqarish kengashi raisi tomonidan tayinlanganFranklin Ruzvelt
jamg'arma va qarzDirektor, Tejamkorlik nazorati idorasiRayan, T. Timoti, kichik[135]1990–1997Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj H. V. Bush
ilmiy podshohPrezidentning ilmiy maslahatchisi, Oq uyning Fan va texnologiyalar siyosati bo'yicha byurosi direktoriMarburger, Jon[136]2001 yil oktyabr-2009 yil yanvarPrezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
ilmiy podshohDirektori Ilmiy va texnologik siyosat idorasiXoldren, Jon[137]2009–2017Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
yuk tashish podshosiHarbiy etkazib berish ma'muriyati ma'muriLand, Emory S.[138]1942–1946Exec tartibiFranklin Ruzvelt
rag'batlantiruvchi javobgarlik, rag'batlantiruvchi nazoratHisobotni tiklash va shaffoflik kengashi raisiDevani, graf[139]2009(Yangi lavozim), Prezident tomonidan tayinlangan nizom bilan tuzilganBarak Obama
texnologiya podshosi, bosh texnologiya podshosiOq uyning Ilmiy va texnologik siyosat idorasi dotsenti, Texnologiyalar bo'yicha bosh direktor (CTO), Prezident yordamchisiChopra, Aneesh[140]2009–2012Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
terrorizm podshosi, terrorizmga qarshi chorXavfsizlik, infratuzilmani muhofaza qilish va terrorizmga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy koordinator, a'zosi Milliy xavfsizlik kengashi, kabinet darajasidagi pozitsiyaKlark, Richard A.[141]1998 yil may - 2001 yil yanvarPrezident tayinlandiBill Klinton
terrorizm podshosiXavfsizlik, infratuzilmani muhofaza qilish va terrorizmga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy koordinator, kabinet darajalari olib tashlandiKlark, Richard A.[142]2001 yil yanvar-oktyabr(Oldingi ma'muriyat tomonidan o'tkazilgan) Prezident Klinton tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
terrorizm podshosi, terrorizmga qarshi chorTerrorizmga qarshi kurash bo'yicha milliy direktor, milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchining o'rinbosariDauning, Ueyn[143]2001 yil noyabr-2002 iyun(Yangi lavozim), Prezident tayinlandiJorj V.Bush
terrorizm podshosiPrezidentning ichki xavfsizlik va terrorizmga qarshi kurash bo'yicha yordamchisiBrennan, Jon O.[144]2009Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
savdo podshosiNomidan Oq Uydagi katta siyosat maslahatchisi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining savdo vakili.Meri Rikman2012Tomonidan tayinlangan USTR Maykl Froman 2012 yilda[145] U shuningdek USTR Prezidentning ayollar va qizlar bo'yicha kengashida.[146]Barak Obama
transport kzarMudofaa transporti boshqarmasi direktoriEastman, Jozef Bartlett[147]1941–1944(Yangi lavozim), Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
transport kzarMudofaa transporti boshqarmasi direktoriJonson, J. Monro[148]1944–1949Prezident tayinlandiFranklin Ruzvelt
shahar ishlari podshosiDirektori Oq uyning shahar ishlari bo'yicha siyosati idorasiKarrion, Adolfo[149]2009–2010Exec buyrug'i, Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
urush podshosiPrezidentning yordamchisi va Iroq va Afg'oniston bo'yicha Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchining o'rinbosariLute, Duglas[150]2007–2009(Yangi lavozim), Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiJorj V.Bush
urush podshosiPrezidentning yordamchisi va Iroq va Afg'oniston bo'yicha Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchining o'rinbosariLute, Duglas[150]2009–2010?(Oldingi ma'muriyatdan o'tkazilgan) Prezident Bush nomzodini ilgari surgan, Senat tasdiqlaganBarak Obama
qurol-yarog 'Mudofaa vazirining sotib olish, texnologiya va logistika bo'yicha o'rinbosari (AT&L)Karter, Eshton[151]2009Prezident nomzodi, Senat tasdiqladiBarak Obama
ommaviy qirg'in qurollari, qurolni tarqatmaslik podshohPrezidentning maxsus yordamchisi va Oq uyning qurollarni nazorat qilish va ommaviy qirg'in qurollari, tarqatish va terrorizmni boshqarish bo'yicha koordinatoriSamore, Gari[152]2009–2013Prezident tayinlandiBarak Obama
weatherization czarAQSh Energetika vazirligining Energiya samaradorligi va qayta tiklanuvchi energiya idorasi (EERE), Weatherization and Hukumatlararo dastur bo'yicha menejeriSperling, Gil[153]2008 yil - noma'lumJorj V.Bush ma'muriyatida saqlanib qolgan mansab lavozimiJorj V.Bush, Barak Obama

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

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