Fox News - Fox News - Wikipedia
 | |
| Mamlakat | Qo'shma Shtatlar |
|---|---|
| Eshittirish maydoni | Qo'shma Shtatlar Kanada |
| Bosh ofis | Amerika qit'asining 1211 xiyoboni Nyu-York shahri, Nyu York, AQSh 10036 |
| Dasturlash | |
| Til (lar) | Ingliz tili |
| Rasm formati | 720p HDTV (pastga tushirilgan xat qutisi 480i (yoki 16:9 ba'zi mamlakatlar uchun) uchun SDTV ozuqa) |
| Mulkchilik | |
| Egasi | Fox News Media (Fox korporatsiyasi ) |
| Birodar kanallar | Fox biznes tarmog'i Fox Broadcasting Company |
| Tarix | |
| Ishga tushirildi | 1996 yil 7 oktyabr[1] |
| Havolalar | |
| Veb-translyatsiya | Fox News Go (Faqat Pay-TV abonentlari) |
| Veb-sayt | www |
| Mavjudligi | |
| Kabel | |
| Aksariyat AQSh provayderlarida mavjud | Kanal uyalari har bir operatorda farq qiladi |
| Sun'iy yo'ldosh | |
| DirecTV | Channel 360 (SD / HD) |
| Taomlar tarmog'i | 205-kanal (SD / HD) |
| Bell sun'iy yo'ldosh televizori (Kanada) | Kanal 507 |
| Shaw Direct (Kanada) | 154-kanal Kanal 503 |
| IPTV | |
| Verizon FiOS | 118-kanal (SD) 618-kanal (HD) |
| Bell Fibe TV (Kanada) | Kanal 507 |
| VMedia (Kanada) | 181-kanal |
| Optik TV (Kanada) | Channel 811 (HD; Sharq) Channel 9811 (SD; G'arbiy) |
| Sun'iy yo'ldosh radiosi | |
| Sirius | 114-kanal |
| XM | 115-kanal |
Fox News (rasmiy ravishda Fox News kanali, qisqartirilgan FNC va odatda sifatida tanilgan Tulki) Amerikalik ko'p millatli konservativ[2][3][4][5] kabel yangiliklar telekanali. U Fox News Media-ga tegishli bo'lib, o'zi Fox korporatsiyasi.[6] The kanal translyatsiyalari asosan studiyalardan Amerika qit'asining 1211 xiyoboni yilda Nyu-York shahri. Fox News 86 mamlakatga va chet elga xizmat ko'rsatadi hududlar dunyo bo'ylab,[7] reklama tanaffuslari paytida Fox Extra segmentlarini o'z ichiga olgan xalqaro translyatsiyalar bilan.[8]
Kanal tomonidan yaratilgan Avstraliya-amerikalik media-magnat Rupert Merdok sobiqni yollagan holda, konservativ auditoriyaga murojaat qilish Respublika ommaviy axborot vositalari bo'yicha maslahatchi va CNBC ijro etuvchi Rojer Ailes uning asoschisi sifatida Bosh ijrochi direktor.[9][10] U 1996 yil 7 oktyabrda 17 million kabelni ishga tushirgan obunachilar.[11] Fox News 1990-yillarning oxiri va 2000-yillarda dominantga aylandi AQShdagi obuna yangiliklar tarmog'i[12] 2018 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab[yangilash], taxminan 87,118,000 AQSh uy xo'jaliklari (televizion obunachilarning 90,8%) Fox News-ni qabul qilishdi.[13] 2019 yilda Fox News eng yuqori reytingga ega bo'lgan kabel tarmog'i bo'lib, o'rtacha 2,5 million tomoshabinni tashkil etdi.[14][15][16] Merdok amaldagi ijroiya raisi va Suzanna Skott bosh direktor hisoblanadi.[17][18]
Fox News-ga amaliyot sifatida ta'rif berilgan xolis hisobot foydasiga Respublika partiyasi, uning siyosatchilari va konservativ tasvirlash paytida sabablar Demokratik partiya salbiy nurda.[19][20][21][22] Tanqidchilar kanalni umuman yangiliklarning yaxlitligiga zarar etkazuvchi deb atashgan.[23][24] Fox News-ning rasmiy pozitsiyasi shundaki, yangiliklar reportaji undan mustaqil ravishda ishlaydi fikr va sharhlarni dasturlash va yangiliklarni tarqatishda tarafkashlikni rad etishdi, garchi sobiq xodimlar Fox ularga "yangiliklarni konservatorlar foydasiga og'dirish" ga buyruq berganliklarini bildirishdi.[25] Davomida Donald Trampning prezidentligi, kuzatuvchilar Fox News kanalining ma'muriyat uchun "og'zaki nutq" bo'lib xizmat qilish tendentsiyasi borligini, Tramp uchun "tashviqot" va "teskari aloqa" ni taqdim etganini aytishdi, olimlar esa kanalning shakliga o'xshashligini ta'kidladilar. davlat televideniesi.[26][27]
Tarix
1985 yil may oyida avstraliyalik noshir Rupert Merdok u va amerikalik ekanligini e'lon qildi sanoatchi va xayriyachi Marvin Devis tarmog'ini rivojlantirishga mo'ljallangan mustaqil stansiyalar to'rtinchi marketing kuchi sifatida "to'g'ridan-to'g'ri raqobatlashish CBS, NBC va ABC ga tegishli oltita televizion stantsiyani sotib olish orqali Metromedia.[28] 1985 yil iyulda, 20th Century Fox Merdok 50% sotib olishni yakunlaganini e'lon qildi Fox Filmed Entertainment, 20th Century Fox Film korporatsiyasining bosh kompaniyasi.[29] Bir yil o'tib, 20th Century Fox 1986 yilning 31 mayida tugagan moliyaviy uchinchi davrida 5,6 million dollar ishlab topdi, aksincha o'tgan yilning uchinchi davrida 55,8 million dollar zarar ko'rdi.[30]
Keyinchalik va FNC tashkil etilishidan oldin Merdok 24 soat davomida yangiliklar biznesida tajriba orttirdi Yangiliklar korporatsiyasi "s BSkyB sho''ba korxonasi Evropaning 24 soatlik birinchi kanalini boshladi (Sky News ) 1989 yilda Buyuk Britaniyada.[31] Uning muvaffaqiyati bilan to'rtinchi tarmoq Qo'shma Shtatlardagi harakatlar,[32] dan olingan tajriba Sky News va "Century Fox" ning burilish davri, Merdok 1996 yil 31 yanvarda News Corp Fox uchun "dunyo bo'ylab platformasi" sifatida News Corp-ning Qo'shma Shtatlardagi kabel va sun'iy yo'ldosh tizimlarida 24 soatlik yangiliklar kanalini ochishini e'lon qildi. dasturlash: "Yangiliklarga ishtaha, xususan odamlarga ularga qanday ta'sir qilishini tushuntiradigan yangiliklar - juda kengaymoqda".[33]
1996 yil fevralda, AQSh sobiq Respublikachilar partiyasining siyosiy strategisti va NBC rahbarligidan keyin[34] Rojer Ailes chap kabel telekanali America's Talking (hozir MSNBC ), Merdok undan Fox News kanalini ochishni so'radi. Ailes 1996 yil 7 oktyabrda boshlanishidan oldin besh oylik 14 soatlik ish kunlarini va bir necha haftalik mashqlarni talab qildi.[1]
Debyutda 17 million xonadon FNC-ni tomosha qilish imkoniyatiga ega edi;[11] ammo, Nyu-York va Los-Anjeles media bozorlarida yo'q edi. Kun davomida bir necha bor namoyish etiladigan yangiliklar 20 daqiqalik bitta mavzuli shoulardan iborat edi Tulkiga qarshi jinoyat yoki Fox on Politics, yangiliklar sarlavhalari bilan o'ralgan. Suhbatlarda ekranning pastki qismida mavzu yoki mehmon haqida faktlar keltirilgan. O'sha paytdagi flagmani yangiliklari edi Shnayder hisoboti, bilan Mayk Shnayder Yangiliklarni tezkor ravishda etkazib berish. Kechqurun Fox fikrlarni namoyish etdi: O'Reilly hisoboti (keyinroq O'Rayli faktori ), Crier hisoboti (mezbon Ketrin Krier ) va Hannity & Colmes.
Dastlab, FNC vizual taqdimotga katta ahamiyat berdi. Grafika rang-barang va diqqatni jalb qilish uchun yaratilgan; bu tomoshabinga aytilganlarning asosiy fikrlarini tushunishga yordam berdi, hatto ular uy egasini eshita olmasalar ham (suhbatdoshning yoki ma'ruzachining pozitsiyasini umumlashtirgan ekrandagi matn bilan va uy egasi sharhlar berayotganda "o'q nuqtalari" bilan) . Fox News shuningdek, "Fox News Alert" ni yaratdi, bu esa uning muntazam dasturiy ta'minotini a Tezkor xabarlar voqea sodir bo'ldi.
Kabel provayderlari tomonidan qabul qilinishini tezlashtirish uchun Fox News kanalni tarqatish uchun har bir abonent uchun $ 11gacha to'lovlarni amalga oshirdi.[35] Bu odatiy amaliyotga zid edi, chunki kabel operatorlari stantsiyalarga dasturlash uchun transport to'lovlarini to'laydilar. Qachon Time Warner sotib oldi Ted Tyorner "s Turner Broadcasting System, federal antitrest rozilik to'g'risidagi farmon Time Warner-dan o'z kanalidan tashqari ikkinchi yangiliklar kanalini olib borishni talab qildi CNN uning ustida kabel tizimlari. Time Warner Fox News emas, balki ikkinchi darajali yangiliklar kanali sifatida MSNBC-ni tanladi. Fox News buni shartnomani buzganligini da'vo qildi (Fox News-ni olib borish uchun). AQShdagi shtab-kvartirasini va Nyu-York shahridagi katta studiyani saqlab qolish to'g'risidagi kelishuvni keltirib, News Corporation shahar hokimi yordamiga murojaat qildi Rudolf Djuliani Fox News telekanalini shaharga tegishli kanalga uzatish uchun Time Warner Cable-ga (shaharning ikkita kabel provayderidan biri) bosim o'tkazish uchun ma'muriyat.[36] Shahar ma'murlari Time Warner kompaniyasining shahardagi kabel franshizalariga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan choralar ko'rish bilan tahdid qilishdi.[37]
Davomida 2001 yil 11 sentyabrdagi hujumlar, Fox News a boshqargan birinchi yangiliklar tashkiloti bo'ldi yangiliklar ticker o'sha kuni ma'lumot oqimini ushlab turish uchun ekranning pastki qismida. Ekranda muxbirlar aytib o'tmasligi mumkin bo'lgan qo'shimcha yangiliklar to'g'risida tomoshabinlarni xabardor qiladigan va translyatsiya paytida aytib o'tilgan yangiliklarni takrorlaydigan belgi saqlanib qoldi; tomoshabinlar orasida mashhurligini isbotladi.[38]
Siyosiy yo'nalish
Fox News-ga amaliyot sifatida ta'rif berilgan xolis hisobot foydasiga Respublika partiyasi, Jorj V.Bush va Donald Tramp ma'muriyatlari va konservativ tasvirlash paytida sabablar Demokratik partiya salbiy nurda.[19][20][21][22] Tanqidchilar kanalni umuman yangiliklarning yaxlitligiga zarar etkazuvchi deb atashgan.[23][24] Fox News xodimlarining ta'kidlashicha, yangiliklar reportaji undan mustaqil ravishda ishlaydi fikr va sharhlarni dasturlash va yangiliklar tarqatishda tarafkashlikni rad etishdi, sobiq xodimlar esa Fox ularga "yangiliklarni konservatorlar foydasiga og'dirish" ga buyruq berganini aytdilar.[25] Tramp prezidentligi davrida kuzatuvchilar Fox News kanalining ma'muriyat uchun "og'zaki nutq" bo'lib xizmat qilish tendentsiyasini ta'kidladilar, Tramp uchun "targ'ibot" va "teskari aloqa" ta'minladilar, bir prezidentlik olimi "Bu biz eng yaqinmiz ega bo'lish uchun keldim davlat televideniesi."[26][27]
Do'konlar
FNC ko'plab dasturlarning arxivini saqlaydi. Ushbu arxivga quyidagilar kiradi Movietone yangiliklari hozirgi Disneyga tegishli bo'lgan kinoteatrlarning qator kinostudiyalari, 20th Century Fox. Fox News arxivini litsenziyalashni ITN Source, arxivlash bo'limi boshqaradi ITN.[39]
Televizor
FNC dasturiy ta'minot va tarkib uchun qo'shimcha ravishda kuniga 15 soatgacha jonli efirga uzatadigan turli xil dasturlarni taqdim etadi Fox Broadcasting Company. Aksariyat dasturlar Nyu-York shahridagi Fox News shtab-kvartirasidan efirga uzatiladi Amerika qit'asining 1211 xiyoboni ), uning ko'chadagi studiyasida Oltinchi avenyu ning g'arbiy qanotida Rokfeller markazi, shtab-kvartirasini opa-singil kanal bilan bo'lishish Fox biznes tarmog'i. Fox News Channel-ning Nyu-Yorkdagi shtab-kvartirasida o'zining va Fox Business-ning dasturlash uchun ishlatiladigan sakkizta studiyasi mavjud: Studio B (Fox Business dasturlash uchun ishlatiladi), Studio D (studiya tomoshabinlari uchun maydon mavjud; va Greg Gutfeld shousi, Avval Fox va Do'stlar ), Studio F (uchun ishlatiladi Marta MakKallum bilan bo'lgan voqea, Besh va Amerikaning saylovlar bo'yicha shtab-kvartirasi, Tulki va Do'stlar, Ko'proq, Ortiqcha ish vaqti, Amerika yangiliklari shtabi, Sudya Janin bilan adolat ) Studio G (Fox Business shoulari joylashgan), Studio H (Fox News Deck ishlatilgan) Shepard Smitning hisoboti va yangiliklarni qamrab olish), Studio J (uchun ishlatiladi America Newsroom, Hannity va Sudya Janin bilan adolat ) Boshlash 2018, Payshanba oqshomidagi futbol uning pregame namoyishi bor edi, Fox NFL Payshanba, Fox News studiyasidan kelib chiqqan.
Qolgan dasturlar (masalan Tucker Carlson Tonight, Bret Bayer bilan maxsus hisobot, Ingrem burchagi, Fox News @ Night va nashrlari Amerika yangiliklari shtabi Nyu-York shahridagi studiyalardan translyatsiya qilinmaydi) Fox News-ning Vashington shtatidagi (DC) studiyalaridan efirga uzatiladi Kapitoliy tepaligi qarshi Birlik stantsiyasi boshqa bir qator televizion tarmoqlar (shu jumladan, shu jumladan) xavfsiz binoda NBC News va C-SPAN ). Kanalning audio simulkastlari efirga uzatilmoqda SiriusXM sun'iy yo'ldosh radiosi.
2009 yil 11 oktyabrda, a Nyu-York Tayms Foxning ta'kidlashicha, qattiq yangiliklar dasturlari "ish kunlari soat 9.00 dan 16.00 gacha va 18.00 dan 20.00 gacha" ishlaydi. Shu bilan birga, u boshqa tahririyat jurnalistikasi va sharhlardan iborat bo'lgan boshqa ko'rsatuvlari uchun bunday da'volarni ilgari surmaydi.[40]
Fox News Channel telekanali efirga uzatishni boshladi 720p rezolyutsiya formati 2008 yil 1 mayda.[41] Ushbu format barcha asosiy kabel va sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderlarida mavjud.
Fox News Group ishlab chiqaradi Fox News yakshanba, Fox Broadcasting-da efirga uzatiladi va FNC-da qayta efirga uzatiladi. Fox News shuningdek, FBC-da efirga uzatiladigan vaqti-vaqti bilan maxsus tadbirlarni tayyorlaydi.
Radio
FNC o'sishi bilan kompaniya radio bo'limini joriy qildi, Fox News radiosi, 2003 yilda.[42] Sindikatlangan Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab bo'lim qisqa yangiliklar va televidenie va radio bo'linmalarining shaxslari ishtirokidagi radioeshittirishlarni taqdim etadi. 2006 yilda kompaniya ham taqdim etdi Fox News Talk, a sun'iy yo'ldosh radiosi Fox News shaxslari tomonidan birlashtirilgan (va shu jumladan) dasturlarni o'z ichiga olgan stantsiya.
Onlayn
1995 yil dekabrda kiritilgan,[43] Fox News veb-saytida so'nggi yangiliklar, jumladan, FNC televideniesi, radiosi va Internetdagi shaxslar kolonnalari mavjud. Videokliplar Foxnews.com va Foxbusiness.com saytlarida ham mavjud. Fox News Latino - bu yo'naltirilgan versiya Ispancha tomoshabinlar, deyarli to'liq ingliz tilida taqdim etilgan bo'lsa-da, ispancha bo'lim bilan.[44]
2008 yil sentyabr oyida FNC o'z veb-saytiga jonli efir segmentini joriy qilishda boshqa kanallarga qo'shildi: Strategiya xonasi, katta tomoshabinlarga murojaat qilish uchun mo'ljallangan. U ish kunlari soat 9.00 dan 17.00 gacha efirga uzatiladi va norasmiy munozara shaklida bo'lib, yangiliklarga sharhlar yozib boradi. Muntazam munozarali dasturlarga quyidagilar kiradi Ish soati, Yangiliklar ko'rinish bilan va Xudo gapiradi.[45] 2009 yil mart oyida, The Fox Nation o'quvchilarni yangiliklarga sharh qoldiradigan maqolalarni joylashtirishga undash uchun mo'ljallangan veb-sayt sifatida ochildi.[46] Fox News Mobile - bu FNC veb-saytining bag'ishlangan qismi oqim video yoqilgan mobil telefonlar uchun formatlangan yangiliklar kliplari.[47]
Reytinglar va qabul
2003 yilda Fox News telekanalining dastlabki bosqichlarida katta reytinglar sakrab tushdi AQShning Iroqqa bostirib kirishi. Ayrim xabarlarga ko'ra, mojaro avjiga chiqqan paytda Fox News tomoshabinlar soni 300 foizga oshgan (kuniga o'rtacha 3,3 million tomoshabinni tashkil etgan).[48] 2004 yilda Fox News telekanali efirga uzatgan reytinglari Respublika milliy anjumani uchta asosiy translyatsiya tarmoqlaridan oshib ketdi. Prezident davrida Jorj V.Bush Fox News-ning manzili milliy miqyosda 7,3 million tomoshabinni jalb qildi; NBC, ABC va CBS tomoshabinlari mos ravishda 5,9 million, 5,1 million va 5,0 million tomoshabinlarga ega edi.
2005 yil oxiri va 2006 yil boshlari orasida Fox News reytingida qisqacha pasayish kuzatildi. Ulardan biri 2006 yilning ikkinchi choragida bo'lib, u avvalgi chorakka nisbatan har bir asosiy vaqt uchun tomoshabinlarni yo'qotgan. Tomoshabinlar Brit Xyum bilan maxsus reportaj Masalan, 19 foizga tushib ketdi. Oradan bir necha hafta o'tgach 2006 yil Shimoliy Koreyaning raketa sinovi va 2006 yil Livan urushi, Fox tomoshabinlar sonining ko'payganini ko'rdi va 1-raqamli kabel kanallari kanalida qoldi.[49] Fox eng ko'p tomosha qilingan tungi sakkizta yangiliklar dasturining sakkiztasini ishlab chiqardi O'Rayli faktori va Hannity & Colmes navbati bilan birinchi va ikkinchi tugatish.[50]
FNC 2006 yilda barcha kabel kanallari orasida tomoshabinlar soni bo'yicha 8-o'rinni, 2007 yilda 7-o'rinni egalladi.[51] Telekanal 2008 yilda Barak Obamaning saylangan haftasida (3-9 noyabr) birinchi o'rinni egalladi va 2010 yilning yanvarida yana (birinchi hafta davomida) eng yuqori pog'onaga ko'tarildi. Massachusets shtatidagi maxsus senat saylovlari ).[52] "Fox" ni 24 soatlik yangiliklar kanalidagi raqobatchilari bilan taqqoslagan holda, 2010 yil may oyida ushbu kanal o'rtacha 1,8 million tomoshabinni tomosha qildi (MSNBC uchun 747 000 va CNN uchun 595 000).[53]
2009 yil sentyabr oyida Pew tadqiqot markazi milliy yangiliklar tashkilotlarining jamoatchilik fikri to'g'risida hisobot e'lon qildi. Hisobotda so'ralgan respublikachi Fox tomoshabinlarining 72 foizi telekanalni "maqbul" deb baholadi, so'ralgan Demokratik tomoshabinlarning 43 foizi va barcha so'ralgan tomoshabinlarning 55 foizi ushbu fikrga qo'shildi. Biroq, Foxga o'rganilgan barcha milliy savdo nuqtalarining eng yuqori "noqulay" reytingi berilgan (barcha so'ralgan tomoshabinlarning 25 foizi). Hisobotda "Fox News-ning qarashlaridagi partiyaviy farqlar 2007 yildan buyon sezilarli darajada oshdi" deb aytilgan.[54]
2013 yilda o'tkazilgan "Public Policy Polling" so'rovi natijalariga ko'ra 2010 yilda FNC haqida ijobiy tushunchalar pasaygan. So'ralgan saylovchilarning 41% i unga ishonganliklarini aytishdi, bu 2010 yildagi 49% dan, 46% i ularga ishonmasliklarini, bu 2010 yildagi 37% dan. So'rovda qatnashganlarning 34% tomonidan "eng ishonchli" tarmoq deb nomlangan, bu boshqa barcha tarmoqlardagidan ko'proq.[55]
2012 yil 22 oktyabrga o'tar kechasi Fox eng yuqori reyting ko'rsatkichlari bo'yicha rekord o'rnatdi teletranslyatsiya, uchinchisi uchun 11,5 million tomoshabin bor AQSh prezidentining debati.[56] Bir hafta oldin asosiy vaqtda Fox o'rtacha 3,7 million tomoshabinni tashkil etdi, kunlik o'rtacha 1,66 million tomoshabinni tashkil etdi.[57]
Yilda Bosh vaqt va 2013 yil 15-apreldan 21-aprelgacha bo'lgan kunlik umumiy reytinglar, Fox News telekanali ushbu mavzuni yoritishi bilan harakat qilmoqda Boston marafonidagi portlash, AQShdagi eng yuqori darajadagi tarmoq edi kabel televideniesi, 2005 yil avgustidan beri birinchi marta, qachon Katrina bo'roni urish Qo'shma Shtatlarning Fors ko'rfazi sohillari.[58] 2014 yil yanvar oyida Fox News ketma-ket 145-oyi birinchi o'rinni egallagan kabel kanallari kanali sifatida qayd etildi. O'sha oy davomida Fox News telekanali ikkala tomoshabinni birlashtirgan CNN va MSNBC kanallarini mag'lub etdi Bosh vaqt soat va umumiy kun.[59] 2014 yilning uchinchi choragida tarmoq asosiy vaqtlarda eng ko'p tomosha qilingan kabel kanali bo'ldi.[60] Uchun kampaniyaning so'nggi haftasida Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlaridagi saylovlar, 2014 yil, Fox News telekanali, yangiliklar yoki boshqa har qanday kabel kanallari orasida eng yuqori reytingga ega edi. Saylov oqshomining o'zida Fox News telekanali 25 dan 54 yoshgacha bo'lgan tomoshabinlar orasida boshqa beshta kabel yoki tarmoq yangiliklari manbalaridan ko'ra yuqori reytingga ega edi.[61] 6-avgust kuni ushbu tarmoq 2016 yilgi kampaniyaning GOP nomzodlarining birinchi asosiy vaqt forumini o'tkazdi. Ushbu munozaralar 24 million tomoshabinni rekord o'rnatdi, bu esa har qanday kabel yangiliklari uchun eng ko'p tomoshabin.[62]
2018 yilda Fox News telekanali Nielsen tomonidan Amerikaning eng ko'p ko'rilgan kabel tarmog'i sifatida baholandi, bu o'rtacha vaqt va umumiy kun davomida 2,4 million tomoshabinni o'rtacha 2018 yilning 1 yanvaridan 30 dekabriga qadar tashkil etdi.[63]
The Covid-19 pandemiyasi barcha kabel yangiliklar tarmoqlari tomoshabinlarining ko'payishiga olib keldi. 2020 yilning birinchi kalendar choragida (1 yanvar - 31 mart) Fox News tarmoq tarixidagi eng yuqori reytingga ega bo'lgan chorakka ega bo'ldi, Nielsen asosiy vaqt o'rtacha 3.387 million tomoshabinni tashkil qildi. Shon Xanniti dasturi, Hannity, soat 9:00 ET-da haftaning tungi kunlari o'rtacha 4,2 million tomoshabinni tashkil etadigan kabel yangiliklarining eng yuqori reytingi bo'ldi, bu raqam nafaqat o'zining barcha kabel yangiliklari tanlovini mag'lubiyatga uchratibgina qolmay, balki uni bir vaqtning o'zida tarmoq raqobatidan oldinroq qo'ydi. Tulk chorakni asosiy vaqtdagi eng yaxshi beshta shou bilan yakunladi, Fox esa Tucker Carlson Tonight chorakni o'rtacha 4,2 million tomoshabin bilan ikkinchi o'rinda yakunlab, so'ngra Besh, Ingrem burchagi va Bret Bayer bilan maxsus hisobot. Rachel Maddow shousi oltinchi o'rinni egallab turgan Fox-dagi eng yuqori ko'rsatkich edi. Chorakni 22-o'rinda yakunlash bo'ldi Jeyk Tapper bilan qo'rg'oshin, CNN eng yuqori baholangan shou.[64] Fox News-ning ushbu mavzudagi maqolasiga ko'ra, Tulki va Do'stlar o'rtacha 1,8 million tomoshabinni tashkil qildi va CNN-ni engib o'tdi Yangi kun va MSNBC Tong Jou birlashtirilgan. Xuddi shu Fox News maqolasida ta'kidlanganidek Fox biznes tarmog'i Shuningdek, tarixda eng yuqori reytingga ega bo'lgan chorak bo'ldi va Fox News-ning o'zi mart oyini ketma-ket 45 oy davomida kabelda eng yuqori baholangan tarmoq sifatida yakunladi, "... va raqamli platformalar ham ustunlik qildi", deyiladi maqolada.[65]
Ga ko'ra Los Anjeles Tayms 2020 yil 19-avgustda: "Fox News Channel telekanali o'tgan iyun oyidan beri uchinchi marta tarmoq reytingi poygasida birinchi o'rinni egallash uchun o'tgan haftada eng yuqori reytingga ega bo'lgan eng yuqori reytingli 11 ta dasturning oltitasiga ega bo'ldi.[66]
A Morning Consult keyingi haftada so'rov o'tkazing Saylov kuni 2020 yilda Qo'shma Shtatlardagi respublikachilarning 30 foizi Fox News telekanali haqida noxush fikrga ega ekanligi, respublikachilarning 54 foizi ushbu tarmoqni saylovga qadar 67 foizga nisbatan ijobiy deb bilishgan. A Makklatchi Yangiliklar Donald Trampning tanqidiga va tarmoqning erta chaqirilishiga sabab bo'ldi Arizona uchun Jo Bayden va keyinchalik boshqa tarmoqlarga qo'shilib Baydenni g'olib deb e'lon qiladi 2020 yilgi saylov.[67]
Fox News uchun reytinglar ham pasaygan. Garchi u umuman boshqa tarmoqlardan oldinda qolgan bo'lsa-da, uning ertalabki namoyishi 2001 yildan beri birinchi marta birinchi o'rindan chiqib ketdi. Tramp tavsiya qildi OANN tomoshabinlarni jalb qilmoqda. Newsmax mashhurligi ham oshib borar edi.[67]
Demografiya
A ko'rsatilgandek Nyu-York Tayms maqola, asoslangan Nilsen statistika, Fox asosan keksa yoshdagi demografik ko'rinishga ega.[68] 2008 yilda 25-54 yosh guruhida Fox News-ning o'rtacha 557 ming tomoshabinlari bo'lgan, ammo 2013 yilda 379 mingga tushib qolgan, shu bilan birga umumiy auditoriyasi 2010 yildagi 1,89 milliondan 2013 yilda 2,02 million kishiga ko'paygan. Asosiy vaqtning o'rtacha yoshi tomoshabin 2015 yilga kelib 68 edi[yangilash].[69] 2019 yil Pew tadqiqot markazi So'rov shuni ko'rsatdiki, Fox News-ni siyosiy yangiliklar uchun asosiy manba deb ataganlar orasida 69% 50 yoshdan katta yoshdagilar.[70]
2013 yilga ko'ra Gallup so'rovnomada, Fox tomoshabinlarining 94% "respublikachi sifatida tanilgan yoki oriq respublikachi".[71] 2019 Pew so'rovi shuni ko'rsatdiki, Fox News-ni siyosiy va saylov yangiliklarining asosiy manbai deb atagan odamlar orasida 93% respublikachilar ekanligi aniqlandi. Amerikalik kattalarning kamida 2% tomonidan nomlangan eng sakkizta siyosiy yangiliklar manbalari orasida natijalar Fox News va MSNBC eng tarafkash auditoriyaga ega bo'lgan ikkita yangiliklar kanali sifatida.[70]
Shior
Fox News Channel dastlab "Adolatli va muvozanatli" shioridan foydalangan, uni tarmoq asoschisi Rojer Ailes asos solgan. The New York Times shiori "Fox News janob Ailes va boshqalarning fikriga qarshi kurashishni rejalashtirgan aniq signal" deb ta'rifladi liberal tarafkashlik yangiliklar tarmoqlarini tashkil etish orqali televizion yoritishga singib ketgan ".[72][73] Bilan 2013 yilgi intervyusida Piter Robinson ning Hoover instituti, Rupert Merdok kompaniyaning "Adolatli va muvozanatli" shiorini himoya qilib, "Aslida siz ham respublikachilar kabi shuncha demokratni topasiz va hokazo" deb yozgan edi.[74]
2003 yil avgustda Fox News sudga berilgan komediyachi Al Franken shiori o'z kitobining subtitri sifatida ishlatganligi sababli, Yolg'on va ularga aytadigan yolg'onchi yolg'onchilar: o'ng tomonga adolatli va muvozanatli qarash, Fox News Channel-ni tanqid qiladigan.[75] Uch kun o'tgach, sudyadan keyin da'vo bekor qilindi Denni Chin so'rovini rad etdi buyruq. O'z qarorida Chin ishni "haqiqatan ham, qonuniy jihatdan ham hech qanday foydasi yo'q" deb qaror qildi. U Fox News-ning "adolatli va muvozanatli" jumlaga tegishli savdo belgisini bekor qilishi mumkin degan fikrni davom ettirdi.[76] 2003 yil dekabrda, FNC qachon, shiori bo'yicha yuridik kurashda g'alaba qozondi AlterNet bilan bekor qilish to'g'risida ariza bilan murojaat qildi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining patent va savdo markalari bo'yicha idorasi (USPTO) tomonidan FNC savdo markasi noto'g'ri deb bekor qilinishi kerak. AlterNet kiritilgan Robert Grinvald hujjatli film Outfoxed (2004) o'z ishida dalil sifatida.[77] Dastlabki harakatlarni yo'qotib bo'lgach, AlterNet o'z arizasini qaytarib oldi; USPTO ishni rad etdi.[78] 2008 yilda FNC "Siz qaror qilasiz 2008" (FNCning saylovga oid masalalarni yoritish uchun asl shiori) ga ishora qilib, "Biz hisobot berasiz, siz qaror qilasiz" shioridan foydalangan.
2016 yil avgust oyida Fox News Channel "Adolatli va muvozanatli" shiorini jimgina "Eng ko'p ko'rilgan, eng ishonchli" foydasiga bekor qila boshladi; qachon bu o'zgarishlar haqida xabar iyun oyida 2017 tomonidan Gabriel Sherman (Ailes-da biografiyani yozgan yozuvchi), tarmoq rahbarining ta'kidlashicha, bu o'zgarish "dasturlash yoki tahririyat qarorlari bilan hech qanday aloqasi yo'q". Ommaviy axborot vositalari Fox News Channel-ning Ailesning ushbu tarmoqda ishlash muddatidan uzoqlashishni xohlayotgani haqida taxmin qilishdi.[72][73][79] 2018 yil mart oyida tarmoq yangi reklama kampaniyasini boshladi, Haqiqiy yangiliklar. Haqiqiy halol fikr. Reklama kampaniyasi tarmoqning fikriga asoslangan dasturlash va atrofdagi qarshi in'ikoslarni targ'ib qilishga qaratilgan "soxta yangiliklar ".[80][81]
2020 yil noyabr oyining o'rtalarida, saylovlardan so'ng Fox News o'zining dastlabki paytdagi tarkibini targ'ib qilish uchun "Nimaga tik turish" shioridan foydalanishni boshladi.[82]
Tarkib
Bingazi hujumi va oqibatlari
Fox News telekanali ushbu mavzuni keng yoritdi 2012 yil Bingazi hujumi 2012-yil dekabrida Shon Xanniti boshlovchisi "ommaviy axborot vositalari e'tiborsiz qoldiradigan voqea" va "shubhasiz, yashirin narsa. Va biz uning tubiga tushamiz" deb ta'riflagan.[83] Dasturlash tahlili Media masalalari Bingazi hujumlaridan keyingi yigirma oy davomida FNC ushbu masala bo'yicha 1098 segmentni ishlaganligini, shu jumladan:[84]
- 478 segmentni o'z ichiga oladi Syuzan Rays 2012 yil 16-sentabr, yakshanba kuni bo'lib o'tgan yangiliklar namoyishi, unda u yolg'onda yolg'on ayblangan
- 382 segment Maxsus hisobot, tarmoqning eng yangi yangiliklar dasturi
- Obama ma'muriyati tomonidan "yashiringan" degan 281 segment
- Kongressning GOP a'zolarining 144 intervyusi, ammo Kongressning Demokratik a'zolari va Obama ma'muriyati rasmiylarining atigi beshta intervyusi
- Eron-Kontra, Uotergeyt va Nikson ma'muriyatining harakatlari bilan 120 ta taqqoslash
- 100 segmentlar ma'muriyatni yolg'on taklif qilib, Beng'ozidagi qutqaruv operatsiyasini oldini olish uchun "turish buyrug'i" chiqardi
Bingazi hujumidan deyarli to'rt yil o'tib, ular bo'lgan o'nta rasmiy tergov shu jumladan oltita respublika tomonidan boshqariladigan uy qo'mitalari tomonidan. Tergovlarning hech birida Obama ma'muriyati rasmiylari tomonidan janjal, yashirinish yoki yolg'on gapirish uchun biron bir dalil topilmadi.
2018 yil 29-iyun kuni Fox News telekanali yangiliklarni olib boruvchi segmentni efirga uzatdi Bret Bayer sarlavhali "Bingazi tergoviga nima bo'ldi?" ilgari tarmoq Syuzan Rays haqida ilgari surgan ba'zi ayblovlarni takrorladi Hillari Klinton, ammo buning uchun rasmiy tergovlar natijasida ayollar oqlandi.[85]
Uran birinchi
2015 yildan 2018 yilgacha Fox News telekanali sotuvga oid mojaroni keng yoritdi Uran birinchi "Amerika tarixidagi eng katta janjallardan biri" sifatida tavsiflangan Shon Xannitni qabul qiladigan Rossiya manfaatlariga.[86] Ga binoan Media masalalari Fox News dasturi Hannity tomonidan alohida ta'kidlangan holda dasturiy kun davomida kengaytirildi.[87] Tarmoq davlat kotibi sifatida Xillari Klinton Uranium One savdosini shaxsan o'zi ma'qullagan va 145 million dollar pora evaziga pora evaziga tasdiqlagan degan poydevorni ilgari surdi. Klinton jamg'armasi. Donald Tramp nomzod sifatida va prezident sifatida bu ayblovlarni takrorladi.[88][89][90] To'rt yillik ayblovlar, FTB tergovi va 2017 yilda tergovni baholash uchun Federal advokat tayinlanganidan keyin Klinton tomonidan qonunbuzarliklar haqida hech qanday dalil topilmadi. 2017 yil noyabr oyida Fox News boshlovchisi Shepard Smit da'vo qilingan mojaroni qisqacha bekor qildi va uni CNN yoki MSNBC da ishlashni taklif qilgan tomoshabinlarni g'azablantirdi.[89] Keyinchalik Hannity Smitni "beparvo" deb atadi, Smit esa "Men buni tushunaman, bizning ba'zi bir fikrlash dasturlarimiz ko'ngil ochish uchun mo'ljallangan. Men buni tushunaman. Men u erda ishlamayman. Men u erda ishlamayman" dedi.[91][92]
Respublikachilar va Tramp tarafdorlari
Fox News kanali keng qamrovli ta'minot sifatida tavsiflandi xolis hisobot foydasiga konservativ siyosiy pozitsiyalar,[19][20][93][94][95][96][97] The Respublika partiyasi[21][98][99] va Prezident Donald Tramp.[22][100][101][102][103] Siyosatshunos Jonatan Bernshteyn Fox Newsni Respublikachilar partiyasining kengaytirilgan qismi deb ta'rifladi.[21][99] Siyosatshunoslar Mett Grossmann va Devid A. Xopkinsning yozishicha, Fox News "respublikachilar o'z bazalari bilan aloqa qilishda va o'z g'oyalarini tarqatishda yordam bergan va ular saylovchilarni oraliq saylovlarda ishtirok etishga safarbar qilishda samarali bo'lgan (2010 va 2014 yillarda bo'lgani kabi)".[21] 2000 yilgacha Fox News mafkuraviy moyillikka ega emas edi va Respublikachilarga qaraganda ko'proq demokratlarni kanalni tomosha qilgan.[104] Davomida 2004 yilgi prezident saylovi, Fox News Demokratik partiyadan prezidentlikka nomzodni yoritishda ancha dushmanlik qildi Jon Kerri, va teledasturni juda keng yoritgani uchun kabel yangiliklari orasida o'zini tanitdi Tez qayiqni qoralash kampaniyasi Kerriga qarshi.[105][106][107] Prezident Obamaning birinchi prezidentlik davrida Fox News telekanali ushbu dasturni boshlash va kuchaytirishga yordam berdi Choy partiyasi harakati, Obamaga va uning siyosatiga qarshi norozilik namoyishlari uyushtirgan Respublikachilar partiyasi tarkibidagi konservativ harakat.[19][97][108][109][110][111][112]
Davomida Respublika boshlang'ich saylovlari, Fox News Tramp nominatsiyani qo'lga kiritishiga to'sqinlik qilishga urinish sifatida qabul qilindi.[93] Biroq, Tramp prezidentligi davrida Fox News o'zining obrazini qayta tikladi, chunki Fox News-ning asosiy vaqtidagi shoularida Trampga nisbatan har qanday tanqidlar deyarli eshitilmadi.[100][113] Fox News telekanalining yangiliklar hisobotida tarmoq Hillari Klinton bilan bog'liq voqealarni yoritishga bag'ishlangan bo'lib, tanqidchilarning ta'kidlashicha, tergovga e'tiborni qaratmaslik kerak Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi saylovlarga aralashuvi.[113] Tramp prezidentlik davrida Fox News-ga sezilarli darajada kirish huquqini taqdim etdi, kanalga 19 ta intervyu berib, 2017 yil noyabrgacha boshqa yangiliklar kanallariga atigi 6 ta; The New York Times Trampning Fox News-ga bergan intervyularini "voleyboldagi intervyular", ayrim intervyu beruvchilarning intervyularini "eskirgan" deb ta'riflagan;[114] xuddi shunday, Iqtisodchi tarmoqning Trampning prezidentligi haqidagi xabarlarini "ishonchli kamsitish" deb ta'rifladi.[115] 2015 yildan 2017 yilgacha Fox News-ning asosiy tarkibidagi tarkibi shubhali va Trampni so'roq qilishdan "Trump xavfsiz maydoni, dozasi bilan" ga o'tdi. Bannonist bir paytlar chekkada ko'rib chiqilgan populizm ".[116] Fox News veb-sayti, shuningdek, Tramp saylanganidan keyin o'z nutqida o'ta keskinlashdi; ga binoan Kolumbiya universiteti Raqamli jurnalistika uchun Tow markazi, Fox News veb-sayti "biroz ketdi Breitbart " vaqt o'tishi bilan.[117] 2018 yil boshida Fox News telekanali asosan Tramp ma'muriyatidagi shov-shuvli voqealarni e'tiborsiz qoldirdi, ular boshqa milliy ommaviy axborot vositalarida, masalan, Oq Uy shtabining kotibi Rob Porter ma'muriy suiiste'mol ayblovlari ostida, iste'foga chiqish Jared Kushner xavfsizlikni rasmiylashtirish va a oshkor qilmaslik to'g'risidagi bitim Tramp va porno yulduz o'rtasida Bo'ronli Daniels.[118]
2019 yil mart oyida, Jeyn Mayer xabar bergan Nyu-Yorker Fox News.com muxbiri Diana Falzone ning hikoyasi bor edi Stormy Daniels - Donald Trump janjali 2016 yilgi saylovlar oldidan, ammo Fox News ijrochi direktori Ken LaCorte unga shunday dedi: "Yaxshi hisobot, bolam. Ammo Rupert [Merdok] Donald Trampning g'alaba qozonishini xohlamoqda. Shunday qilib, uni qo'yib yuboring" va voqea o'ldirildi. LaCorte Falzone-ga bayonot berganini rad etdi, ammo "Men qo'ng'iroq qilgan shaxs men bo'lganman. Men uni Rojer Ailes yoki boshqalarga yuqoriga ko'targanim yo'q ... Men buni Donald Trumpni himoya qilish uchun qilmaganman" deb tan oldi. [Falzone] men ilgari surgan narsaga yaqin bo'lmagan voqeani uyushtirgan edi. " Nik Richi, hikoyaning manbalaridan biri deb da'vo qilgan LaCorte-ning akkauntini "to'liq axmoqlik" deb nomladi va "Fox News aybdor edi. Men Trampga ovoz berdim va menga Fox yoqdi, lekin ular o'zlarini"tutib o'ldir uni himoya qilish uchun "."[26][119]
2008 yilda o'tkazilgan tadqiqot natijalariga ko'ra Fox News prezidentga past darajadagi ma'qullash to'g'risida so'rovlarga nomutanosib e'tibor bergan Bill Klinton.[120] 2009 yilgi tadqiqot natijalariga ko'ra Fox News-da demokratlar uchun yaxshi aks etgan va respublikachilarda yaxshi aks etgan hikoyalarni olish ehtimoli kam bo'lgan.[121] Fox News Channel-ni taqqoslagan 2010 yildagi tadqiqot Brit Hume bilan maxsus reportaj va NBC Tungi yangiliklar 2005 yildagi Iroq va Afg'onistondagi urushlarni yoritishda "Fox News ma'muriyatga nisbatan NBC ga qaraganda ko'proq xayrixoh edi" degan xulosaga kelindi va "agar olimlar FNCda partizan yoki mafkuraviy tarafkashlik dalillarini topishda davom etsalar ... ular Foksni muqobil deb hisoblashlari kerak" degan xulosaga kelishdi. ommaviy axborot vositalaridan ko'ra ".[122]
Tadqiqot natijalariga ko'ra Fox News respublikachilarning ovozlari sonini ko'paytiradi va respublikachi siyosatchilarni partiyaviy qiladi.[95][123][124][125] 2007 yilda o'tkazilgan tadqiqotda Fox News dasturini mahalliy bozorlarga (1996–2000) vositaviy o'zgaruvchi sifatida kiritgan holda, 2000 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlarida "respublikachilar Fox News telekanalini tarqatadigan shaharlarda 0,4-0,7 foiz punktga ega bo'lishgan", deb ta'kidlab, "Tulki Yangiliklar tomoshabinlarning 3 dan 28 foizigacha bo'lgan qismini tinglovchilarning o'lchoviga qarab respublikachilarga ovoz berishga ishontirdi ".[95] Ushbu natijalar 2015 yilgi tadqiqotlar bilan tasdiqlangan.[125] 2014 yilda xuddi shu asbob o'zgaruvchisidan foydalangan holda o'tkazilgan kongressda "Fox News telekanali efirga uzatilmagan tumanlardagi o'xshash vakillarga qaraganda Fox News telekanali efirga uzatishni boshlagan tumanlarda prezidentlar Klintonni kamroq qo'llab-quvvatlaydilar".[124] Instrumental o'zgaruvchi sifatida kanal pozitsiyalaridan foydalangan holda, 2017 yilda o'tkazilgan tadqiqot natijalariga ko'ra, "Fox News haftalik 2,5 daqiqada pozitsiyani o'zgarishiga qarab tomoshabinlar orasida respublikachilarning ovozlarini 0,3 ballga oshirdi".[123] 2014 yilgi yana bir nashr Fox News-ning respublikachilar yoki mustaqil deb tan olgan saylovchilar orasida respublikachilarning ko'paygan ovoz ulushini ko'rib chiqayotganini aniqladi.[126]
Fox News ommaviy ravishda buni bir tomonlama emasligini inkor etmoqda, chunki Merdok va Ailes Merdokning "Fox ikkala tomonga joy ajratib bergan bo'lsa-da, ilgari faqat bir tomonda shunday joy bor edi" degan bayonotini o'z ichiga olgan.[127] Fox News boshlovchisi Kris Uolles "Menimcha, biz [NBC News-ga] qarshi og'irlikdamiz ... ular liberal kun tartibiga ega va biz voqeaning boshqa tomonini aytib beramiz".[128] 2004 yilda, Robert Grinvald hujjatli film Achchiqlangan: Rupert Merdokning Jurnalistikaga qarshi urushi Fox News konservativ tarafkashlik qildi va Fox News-dan olingan lavhalar va tahririyat vitse-prezidentining ichki eslatmalari namoyish etildi Jon Mudi Fox News xodimlarini ma'lum mavzular haqida qanday hisobot berishga yo'naltirish.[129][130]
Fox News vitse-prezidenti tomonidan tarqatilgan eslatma Bill Sammon balandlikdagi yangiliklar xodimlariga Qo'shma Shtatlarda sog'liqni saqlashni isloh qilish munozara pro-ning misoli sifatida keltirilganRespublika partiyasi Fox News-ning tarafkashligi. Uning eslatmasi xodimlardan "iloji boricha" hukumat tomonidan olib boriladigan tibbiy sug'urta "atamasidan foydalanish yoki qisqarish xavotirga soladigan bo'lsa," hukumat opsiyasi "dan foydalanishni" so'ragan. Yodnoma respublika so'rovchilaridan ko'p o'tmay yuborilgan Frank Luntz maslahat berdi Shon Xanniti uning Fox shousida "Agar siz buni ommaviy variant deb atasangiz, Amerika xalqi ikkiga bo'lingan. Agar siz uni hukumat varianti deb atasangiz, jamoatchilik bunga qarshi".[131]
So'rovlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, Fox News keng mafkuraviy deb qabul qilinadi. 2009 yilda o'tkazilgan Pew so'rovnomasida Fox News Amerikaning eng g'oyaviy kanali sifatida qaraladi, so'ralganlarning 47 foizi Fox News "asosan konservativ", 14 foizi "asosan liberal", 24 foizi "na" deb javob bergan. Solishtirganda, MSNBC 36 foizi buni "asosan liberal", 11 foizi "asosan konservativ" va 27 foizi "na" deb topgan. CNN 37 foizi buni "asosan liberal", 11 foizi "asosan konservativ" va 33 foizi "na" deb ta'riflagan.[132] 2004 yil Pew tadqiqot markazi So'rovnoma shuni ko'rsatdiki, FNC milliy jurnalistlarning 69 foiz tomonidan konservativ yangiliklar tashkiloti sifatida keltirilgan (tezkor bo'lmagan).[133] A Rasmussen So'rovnoma natijalariga ko'ra amerikaliklarning 31 foizi Fox News konservativ tarafdorligini, 15 foizi esa liberal tarafdorligini his qilgan. Fox News telekanali yangiliklarni na konservativ va na liberal tarafkashlik bilan etkazishiga ishonganlarning 36 foizini topdi, 37 foiz fikriga ko'ra Milliy radio yangiliklarni hech qanday konservativ yoki liberal tarafkashliksiz va 32 foiz CNN telekanali bilan aytgan holda etkazadi.[134]
Devid Karr, media tanqidchisi uchun The New York Times, maqtagan 2012 yilgi prezident saylovi natijalar tarmoqning respublika maslahatchisi va Fox News-ning yordamchisiga bergan javoblari uchun Fox News-da yoritilgan Karl Rove uning chaqirig'iga qarshi Barak Obama Ogayo shtati va saylovda g'alaba qozonadi. Tulkining bashorati to'g'ri bo'lgan. Karr yozgan:
Ko'p oylar davomida Fox o'zining konservativ bazasini agitprop bilan to'xtatdi: Prezident Obama aniq muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraganini, amerikaliklarning aksariyati buni ko'rdi [Mitt] Romni qiyin paytlarda yaxshi alternativa sifatida va aks holda o'tkazilgan so'rovnomalar siyosiy asosga ega edi va ularga ishonmaslik kerak edi. Ammo seshanba kuni kechqurun Fox News-ga mas'ul bo'lgan odamlar janob Romni qoloqligi aniq bo'lganidan keyin katta tanlovga duch kelishdi: Fox, birinchi navbatda, advokatlik uchun joymi yoki yangiliklar uchun joymi? Ushbu daqiqada, hech bo'lmaganda, Fox yangiliklarni tanladi.[135]
Tomonidan o'tkazilgan 2017 yil may oyidagi tadqiqot Garvard universiteti Shorenshteynning media, siyosat va jamoat siyosati markazi Trampning materiallarini o'rganib chiqdi birinchi 100 kun Foxda, shu jumladan bir nechta yirik ommaviy axborot vositalarida.[136] Tramp umumiy ommaviy axborot vositalarida 80% salbiy xabar olgani va Fox-da eng kam salbiy ma'lumot - 52% salbiy va 48% ijobiy bo'lganligi aniqlandi.[137]
2017 yil 14 martda, Endryu Napolitano, Fox News sharhlovchisi da'vo qilmoqda Tulki va Do'stlar o'sha Britaniya razvedka agentligi GCHQ 2016 yil davomida Barak Obama nomidan Trampni telefon orqali tinglagan edi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarida prezident saylovi.[138][139] 2017 yil 16 martda Oq uyning vakili Shon Spayser da'vosini takrorladi.[138] Matbuot anjumanida Tramp da'vo yuzasidan so'roq qilinganida, u "Biz televizorda gapirish uchun javobgar bo'lgan juda iste'dodli qonuniy fikrni keltirdik. Men bu haqda fikr bildirmadim" dedi.[140] 2017 yil 17 martda, Shepard Smit, Fox News telekanalining langari, tarmoqda Tramp kuzatuv ostida bo'lganligi to'g'risida hech qanday dalil yo'qligini tan oldi. Britaniya rasmiylarining aytishicha, Oq uy bu da'voni qo'llab-quvvatlamoqda.[140] Keyinchalik Napolitano da'vo qilgani uchun Fox News tomonidan to'xtatib qo'yilgan.[141]
2018 yil iyun oyida Fox News rahbarlari ishlab chiqaruvchilarga ko'rsatuvlarda mezbonlar va sharhlovchilar tomonidan ko'rsatilayotgan ko'rsatuvlarda noo'rin so'zlardan voz kechishni buyurdilar.[142] Ko'rsatma Fox News telekanalining bir qator xostlari va mehmonlari yoqib yuboruvchi izohlardan so'ng paydo bo'ldi Tramp ma'muriyatining migrant bolalarni ota-onalaridan ajratish siyosati.[142] Fox News boshlovchisi Laura Ingram bolalar yotgan joylarni "yozgi lagerlar" ga o'xshatgan edi. Mehmon Kori Levandovski bilan 10 yoshli bolaning hikoyasini masxara qildi Daun sindromi onasidan ajralib qolish; Fox News boshlovchisi Levandovskining bayonotiga murojaat qilmadi.[142] Mehmon Ann Coulter ajratilgan bolalar "bolalar aktyorlari" deb yolg'on da'vo qilgan; Fox News boshlovchisi uning da'vosiga qarshi chiqmadi.[142] Trampning irqiy it hushtaklarini ishlatganligi haqidagi segmentda Fox News-ning bir ishtirokchisi, u munozara qilayotgan afroamerikalikka: "Siz paxta terish fikridan chiqdingiz", dedi.[142]
2016 yilgi kitobga ko'ra Asimmetrik siyosat siyosatshunoslar Mett Grossmann va Devid A. Xopkins tomonidan "Fox News boshqa ommaviy axborot vositalarida kam e'tibor qaratadigan demokratlar bilan bog'liq janjal va qarama-qarshiliklarni kuchaytirmoqchi. Barak Obama va Uilyam Ayers o'rtasidagi munosabatlar ... Hillari Klintonning 2012 yil Liviyaning Bingazi shahridagi Amerika konsulligiga qilingan halokatli hujumlarida; The "Tez va g'azablangan" nomi bilan tanilgan qurol ishlatish bilan bog'liq janjal; federal kredit kafolati oluvchining biznes amaliyoti Solyndra; Obamaning Oq Uydagi operatorining o'tmishdagi faolligi Van Jons; tomonidan 2004 yilda Jon Kerriga qilingan hujumlar Tezlikdagi qayiq faxriylari haqiqat uchun; The Obamaning Chikagodagi ruhoniysi Jeremiya Raytning munozarali va'zlari; The ACORN liberal faol guruhi tomonidan taxmin qilingan huquqbuzarliklar to'g'risida yashirin videofilmlarni suratga olish; and the 'war on Christmas' supposedly waged every December by secular, multicultural liberals."[109]
In October 2018, Fox News ran laudatory coverage of a meeting between Trump-supporting rapper Kanye Uest and President Trump in the Oval ofis. Fox News had previously run negative coverage of rappers and their involvement with Democratic politicians and causes, such as when Fox News ran headlines describing conscious hip-hop artist Umumiy as "vile" and a "cop-killer rapper", and when Fox News ran negative coverage of Kanye West before he became a Trump supporter.[143]
On November 4, 2018, Trump's website, DonaldJTrump.com, announced in a press release that Fox News host Sean Hannity would make a "special guest appearance" with Trump at a midterm campaign rally the following night in Keyp Jirardo, Missuri.[144] The following morning, Hannity tweeted "To be clear, I will not be on stage campaigning with the President."[145] Hannity appeared at the president's lectern on stage at the rally, immediately mocking the "fake news" at the back of the auditorium, Fox News reporters among them. Several Fox News employees expressed outrage at Hannity's actions, with one stating, "a new line was crossed."[146] Hannity later asserted that his action was not pre-planned, and Fox News stated it "does not condone any talent participating in campaign events".[147] Fox News boshlovchisi Janin Pirro also appeared on stage with Trump at the rally. The Trump press release was later removed from Trump's website.[144][148]
Fox News released a poll of registered voters, jointly conducted by two polling organizations, on June 16, 2019. The poll found some unfavorable results for Trump, including a record high 50% thought the Trump campaign had coordinated with the Russian government, and 50% thought he should be impeached — 43% saying he should also be removed from office — while 48% said they did not favor impeachment.[149][150] The next morning on Avval Fox va Do'stlar, mezbon Xizer Chaylders twice misrepresented the poll results, stating "a new Fox News poll shows most voters don't want impeachment" and "at least half of U.S. voters do not think President Trump should be impeached," while the on-screen display of the actual poll question was also incorrect. Later that morning on America Newsroom, the on-screen display showed the correct poll question and results, but highlighted the 48% of respondents who opposed impeachment rather than the 50% who supported it (the latter being broken-out into two figures). Uy egasi sifatida Bill Xemmer drew guest Bayron York 's attention to the 48% opposed figure, they did not discuss the 50% support figure, while the on-screen xiron read, "Fox News Poll: 43% Support Trump's Impeachment and Removal, 48% Oppose."[151] Later that day, Trump tweeted "@FoxNews Polls are always bad for me...Something weird going on at Fox."[152]
In April 2017, it became known that former Obama administration national security advisor Syuzan Rays qidirdi niqobsiz of Trump associates who were unidentified in intelligence reports, notably Trump's incoming national security advisor Maykl Flinn, davomida prezidentga o'tish.[153] In May 2020, acting Milliy razvedka direktori Richard Grenell, a Trump loyalist, declassified a list of Obama administration officials who had also requested unmasking of Trump associates, which was subsequently publicly released by Republican senators.[154] That month, attorney general Bill Barr appointed federal prosecutor Jon Bash to examine the unmaskings.[155] Fox News primetime hosts declared the unmaskings a "domestic spying operation" for which the Obama administration was "exposed" in the "biggest abuse of power" in American history.[156] The Bash inquiry closed months later with no findings of substantive wrongdoing.[157]
However, certain Fox personalities have not had as much of a favorable reception from Trump: news anchors Shepard Smit (who retired from Fox in 2019) and Kris Uolles have been criticised by Trump for allegedly being adversarial,[158][159] alongside Fox analyst Endryu Napolitano, who said Trump's actions in the Trump-Ukraina mojarosi were "both criminal and impeachable behavior".[160] Trump was also critical of the network hiring former DNC kafedra Donna Brazile, 2019 yilda.[161] The relationship between Trump and Fox News – and other Rupert Merdok -controlled outlets – soured following the 2020 yil AQShda prezident saylovi as Trump refused to concede that Jo Bayden saylangan edi Saylangan prezident.[162][163] This negative tonal shift led to increased viewership of Newsmax va One America News among Trump and his supporters due to their increased antipathy towards Fox;[164][165][166][167] and as a result, Fox released promotional videos of their opinion hosts disputing the election results, promoting a Trump-affiliated fitna nazariyasi haqida saylovchilarning firibgarligi.[168]
Coverage of Russia investigation
On October 30, 2017, when special counsel Robert Myuller ayblanmoqda Pol Manafort va Rik Geyts, and revealed Jorj Papadopulos had plead guilty (all of whom were involved in the Trump 2016 campaign), this was the focus of most media's coverage, except Fox News'.[169] Hosts and guests on Fox News called for Mueller to be fired.[169][170] Sean Hannity and Tucker Carlson focused their shows on unsubstantiated allegations that Clinton sold uranium to Russia in exchange for donations to the Clinton Foundation and on the Clinton campaign's role in funding the Donald Tramp - Rossiya hujjati.[169][171] Hannity asserted: "The very thing they are accusing President Trump of doing, they did it themselves."[169] During the segment, Hannity mistakenly referred to Clinton as President Clinton.[169][172] Fox News dedicated extensive coverage to the uranium story, which Democrats said was an attempt to distract from Mueller's intensifying investigation.[173][174] CNN described the coverage as "a tour de force in deflection and dismissal".[171] On October 31, CNN reported Fox News employees were dissatisfied with their outlet's coverage of the Russia investigation, with employees calling it an "embarrassment", "laughable" and saying it "does the viewer a huge disservice and further divides the country" and that it is "another blow to journalists at Fox who come in every day wanting to cover the news in a fair and objective way".[175][176]
When the investigation by special counsel Robert Mueller into Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvi intensified in October 2017, the focus of Fox News coverage turned "what they see as the scandal and wrongdoing of President Trump's political opponents. In reports like these, Bill and Hillary Clinton are prominent and recurring characters because they are considered the real conspirators working with the Russians to undermine American democracy."[177] Paul Waldman of the Vashington Post described the coverage as "No puppet. You're the puppet", saying it was a "careful, coordinated, and comprehensive strategy" to distract from Mueller's investigation.[178] German Lopes of Vox said Fox News' coverage has reached "levels of self-parody" as it dedicated coverage to low-key stories, such as a controversial Newsweek op-ed and hamburger emojis, while other networks had wall-to-wall coverage of Mueller's indictments.[179]
A FiveThirtyEight analysis of Russia-related media coverage in cable news found most mentions of Russia on Fox News were spoken in close proximity to "uranium" and "dossier".[180] 2017 yil 1-noyabrda, Vox analyzed the transcripts of Fox News, CNN and MSNBC, and found Fox News "was unable to talk about the Mueller investigation without bringing up Hillary Clinton", "talked significantly less about George Papadopoulos — the Trump campaign adviser whose plea deal with Mueller provides the most explicit evidence thus far that the campaign knew of the Russian government's efforts to help Trump — than its competitors", and "repeatedly called Mueller's credibility into question".[181]
In December 2017, Fox News escalated its attacks on the Mueller investigation, with hosts and guest commentators suggesting the investigation amounted to a to'ntarish.[182][183][184][185][186] Guest co-host Kevin Jackson referred to a right-wing conspiracy theory claiming Strzok's messages are evidence of a plot by FBI agents to assassinate Trump, a claim which the other Fox co-hosts quickly said is not supported by any credible evidence.[187][188] Fox News host Jeanine Pirro called the Mueller investigation team a "criminal cabal" and said the team ought to be arrested.[182] Other Fox News figures referred to the investigation as "corrupt", "crooked" and "illegitimate", and likened the FBI to the KGB, the Soviet-era spy organization that routinely tortured and summarily executed people.[183] Political scientists and scholars of coups described the Fox News rhetoric as scary and dangerous.[183] Experts on coups rejected that the Mueller investigation amounted to a coup; rather, the Fox News rhetoric was dangerous to democracy and mirrored the kind of rhetoric that occurs before tozalaydi.[183] A number of observers argued the Fox News rhetoric was intended to discredit the Mueller investigation and sway President Donald Trump to fire Mueller.[189]
In August 2018, Fox News was criticized for giving more prominent coverage of a murder committed by an undocumented immigrant than the convictions of Donald Trump's former campaign manager, Paul Manafort, and his long-term personal attorney, Maykl Koen.[190] At the same time, most other national mainstream media gave wall-to-wall coverage of the convictions.[191] Fox News hosts Dana Perrino and Jason Chaffetz argued that voters care far more about the murder than the convictions of the President's former top aides, and hosts Tucker Carlson and Sean Hannity downplayed the convictions.[192][190][193]
False claims about other media
CNN's Jake Tapper
In November 2017, following the 2017 yil Nyu-York shahridagi yuk mashinalariga hujum wherein a terrorist shouted "Allahu Akbar", Fox News distorted a statement by Jeyk Tapper to make it appear as if he had said "Allohu Akbar " can be used under the most "beautiful circumstances".[194] Fox News omitted that Tapper had said the use of "Allahu Akbar" in the terrorist attack was not one of these beautiful circumstances.[194] A headline on FoxNews.com was preceded by a tag reading "OUTRAGEOUS".[194] The Fox News Twitter account distorted the statement even more, saying "Jake Tapper Says 'Allahu Akbar' Is 'Beautiful' Right After NYC Terror Attack" in a tweet that was later deleted.[194] Tapper chastised Fox News for choosing to "deliberately lie" and said "there was a time when one could tell the difference between Fox and the nutjobs at Infowars. It's getting tougher and tougher. Lies are lies."[194] Tapper had in 2009, while a White House correspondent for ABC News, come to the defense of Fox News when Obama criticized the network for not being a legitimate news organization.[195]
Fox News guest host Jason Chaffetz apologized to Tapper for misrepresenting his statement.[196] After Fox News had deleted the tweet, Sean Hannity repeated the misrepresentation and called Tapper "liberal fake news CNN's fake Jake Tapper" and mocked his ratings.[195][196]
The New York Times
In July 2017, a report by Tulki va Do'stlar falsely said The New York Times had disclosed intelligence in one of its stories and that this intelligence disclosure helped Abu Bakr al-Bag'dodiy, rahbari Islomiy davlat, to evade capture.[197] The report cited an inaccurate assertion by Gen. Toni Tomas, boshlig'i Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining maxsus operatsiyalar qo'mondonligi, that a major newspaper had disclosed the intelligence.[197][198] Fox News said it was The New York Times, repeatedly running the chyron "NYT Foils U.S. Attempt To Take Out Al-Bahgdadi".[198] Pit Xegset, one of the show's hosts, criticized the "failing Nyu-York Tayms".[198] President Donald Trump tweeted about the Tulki va Do'stlar report shortly after it first aired, saying "The Failing Nyu-York Tayms foiled U.S. attempt to kill the single most wanted terrorist, Al-Baghdadi. Their sick agenda over National Security."[197] Fox News later updated the story, but without apologizing to the Nyu-York Tayms or responding directly to the inaccuracies.[198]
A Vashington Post ustun, Erik Vempl said Chris Wallace had covered The New York Times story himself on Fox News yakshanba. "Here's another case of the differing standards between Fox News's opinion operation", which has given "a state-run vibe on all matters related to Trump", compared to Fox News's news operation, which has provided "mostly sane coverage".[199]
Iqlim o'zgarishi
Fox News has often been described as a major platform for iqlim o'zgarishini rad etish.[200][201][202][203] According to the fact-checking website Iqlim haqida ma'lumot, Fox News is part of "a network of unreliable outlets for climate news."[201] A 2011 study found Fox News "takes a more dismissive tone toward climate change than CNN and MSNBC".[204] A 2008 study found Fox News emphasized the scientific uncertainty of climate change more than CNN, was less likely to say climate change was real, and more likely to interview climate change skeptics.[204] Leaked emails showed that in 2009 Bill Sammon, the Fox News Washington managing editor, instructed Fox News journalists to dispute the iqlim o'zgarishi bo'yicha ilmiy konsensus: "refrain from asserting that the planet has warmed (or cooled) in any given period without IMMEDIATELY pointing out that such theories are based upon data that critics have called into question."[205]
According to climate scientist Maykl E. Mann, Fox News "has constructed an alternative universe where the laws of physics no longer apply, where the issiqxona effekti is a myth, and where climate change is a hoax, the product of a massive conspiracy among scientists, who somehow have gotten the polar bears, glaciers, sea levels, superstorms, and megadroughts to play along."[202] Ga binoan James Lawrence Powell 's 2011 study of the climate science denial movement, Fox News provides "the deniers with a platform to say whatever they like without fear of contradiction."[203] Fox News employs Stiv Milloy, a prominent climate change denier with close financial and organizational ties to oil companies, as a contributor. In his columns about climate change for FoxNews.com, Fox News has failed to disclose his substantial funding from oil companies.[206]
In 2011, the hosts of Tulki va Do'stlar described climate change as "unproven science", a "disputed fact", and criticized the Ta'lim bo'limi for working together with the children's network Nickelodeon to teach children about climate change.[207] In 2001, Sean Hannity described the iqlim o'zgarishi bo'yicha ilmiy konsensus as "phony science from the left".[208] In 2004, he falsely alleged, "scientists still can't agree on whether the global warming is scientific fact or fiction".[208] In 2010, Hannity said the so-called "Climategate" – the leaking of e-mails by climate scientist that climate change skeptics claimed demonstrated scientific misconduct but which all subsequent enquiries have found no evidence of misconduct or wrongdoing – a "scandal" that "exposed global warming as a myth cooked up by alarmists".[209] Hannity frequently invites contrarian fringe scientists and critics of climate change to his shows.[210] In 2019, a widely shared Fox News news report falsely claimed that new climate science research showed that the Earth might be heading to a new Ice Age; the author of the study that Fox News cited said that Fox News "utterly misrepresents our research" and the study did not in any way suggest that Earth was heading to an Ice Age. Fox News later corrected the story.[211]
Shepard Smit has drawn attention for being one of few voices on Fox News to forcefully state that climate change is real, that human activities are a primary contributor to it and that there is a ilmiy konsensus masala bo'yicha.[212][213] His acceptance of the scientific consensus on climate change has drawn criticism from Fox News viewers and conservatives.[214][215]
Murder of Seth Rich conspiracy
On May 16, 2017, a day when other news organizations were extensively covering Donald Trump's revelation of classified information to Russia,[216] Fox News ran a lead story about a private investigator's uncorroborated claims about the Set Richni o'ldirish, a DNC xodim.[217][218][219] The private investigator said he had uncovered evidence that Rich was in contact with Wikileaks and law enforcement were covering it up.[217] The killing of Rich has given rise to conspiracy theories in rightwing circles that Hillary Clinton and the Democratic Party had Seth Rich killed allegedly because he was the source of the DNC leaks.[217] U.S. intelligence agencies determined Russia was the source of the leaks.[220] In reporting the investigator's claims, the Fox News report reignited right-wing conspiracy theories about the killing.[217][219]
The Fox News story fell apart within hours.[221] Other news organizations quickly revealed the investigator was a Donald Trump supporter and had according to NBC News "developed a reputation for making outlandish claims, such as one appearance on Fox News in 2007 in which he warned that underground networks of pink pistol-toting lesbian gangs were raping young women."[217][222] The family of Seth Rich, the Washington D.C. police department, the Washington D.C. mayor's office, the FBI, and law enforcement sources familiar with the case rebuked the investigator's claims.[217][218] Rich's relatives said: "We are a family who is committed to facts, not fake evidence that surfaces every few months to fill the void and distract law enforcement and the general public from finding Seth's murderers."[217] The spokesperson for the family criticized Fox News for its reporting, alleging the outlet was motivated by a desire to deflect attention from the Trump-Russia story: "I think there's a very special place in hell for people that would use the memory of a murder victim in order to pursue a political agenda."[216] The family has called for retractions and apologies from Fox News for the inaccurate reporting.[222][223] Over the course of the day, Fox News altered the contents of the story and the headline, but did not issue corrections.[222][224] When CNN contacted the private investigator later that day, the investigator said he had no evidence that Rich had contacted Wikileaks.[219] The investigator claimed he only learned about the possible existence of the evidence from a Fox News reporter.[219] Fox News did not respond to inquiries by CNN, and the Washington Post.[218][219] Fox News later on 23 May, seven days after the story was published, retracted its original report, saying the original report did not meet its standards.[221][225]
Nikol Xemmer, then assistant professor at the Miller jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar markazi, wrote that the promotion of the conspiracy theory demonstrated how Fox News was "remaking itself in the image of fringe media in the age of Trump, blurring the lines between real and fake news."[226] Maksimal yuklash ning Xalqaro aloqalar bo'yicha kengash said while intent behind Fox News, as a counterweight to the liberal media was laudable, the culmination of those efforts have been to create an alternative news source that promotes hoaxes and myths, of which the promotion of the Seth Rich conspiracy is an example.[227] Fox News was also criticized by conservative outlets, such as the Haftalik standart,[228] Milliy sharh,[229][230] and conservative columnists, such as Jennifer Rubin,[231] Maykl Gerson,[232] va Jon Podhoretz.[233]
Rich’s parents, Joel and Mary Rich, sued Fox News for the emotional distress it had caused them by its false reporting. In 2020, Fox News settled with Rich family, making a payment that was not officially disclosed but which was reported to be in the seven figures.[234] Although the settlement had been agreed to earlier in the year, Fox News arranged to delay the public announcement until after the 2020 yilgi prezident saylovlari.[234]
Sharlottesvildagi "O'ng miting" ni birlashtiring
Fox News hosts and contributors defended Trump's remarks that "many sides" were to blame for violence at a gathering of hundreds of oq millatchilar in Charlottesville, Virginia.[235][236] Some criticized Trump.[236][237] In a press conference on August 15, Trump used the term "alt-left" to describe counterprotesters at the white supremacist rally, a term which had been used in Fox News' coverage of the white supremacist rally.[235] Several of Trump's comments at the press conference mirrored those appearing earlier on Fox News.[238]
Ga binoan Dilan Byers of CNN, Fox News' coverage on the day of the press conference "was heavy with "nima haqida ". The average Fox viewer was likely left with the impression that the media's criticism of Trump and leftist protestors' toppling of some Confederate statues were far greater threats to America than white supremacism or the president's apparent defense of bigotry."[237] Byers wrote, "it showed that if Fox News has a line when it comes to Trump's presidency, it was not crossed on Tuesday."[237]
Glenn Beck's comments about George Soros
Davomida Glenn Bek 's tenure at Fox News, he became one of the most high-profile proponents of Jorj Soros haqidagi fitna nazariyalari, a Jewish Hungarian-American businessman and philanthropist known for his donations to American liberal siyosiy sabablar.[239] Beck regularly described Soros as a "puppet-master" and used common antisemitizm tropes to describe Soros and his activities.[239] In a 2010 three-part series, Beck depicted George Soros as a cartoonish villain trying to "form a shadow government, using humanitarian aid as a cover," and that Soros wanted a one-world government.[240][241] Beck promoted the false and anti-Semitic conspiracy theory that Soros was a Nazi collaborator as a 14-year old in Nazi-occupied Hungary.[242] Beck also characterized Soros's mother as a "wildly anti-Semitic" Nazi collaborator.[240] Ga binoan Washington Post: "Beck's series was largely considered obscene and delusional, if not outright anti-Semitic", but Beck's conspiracy theory became common on the rightwing of American politics.[240] Amid criticism of Beck's false smears, Fox News defended Beck, stating "information regarding Mr. Soros's experiences growing up were taken directly from his writings and from interviews given by him to the media, and no negative opinion was offered as to his actions as a child."[241][243] Roger Ailes, then-head of Fox News, dismissed criticism levied at Beck by hundreds of rabbis, saying that they were "left-wing rabbis who basically don't think that anybody can ever use the word, Holocaust, on the air."[244]
Covid-19 pandemiyasi
During the first few weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic's spread into the United States, Fox News was considerably more likely than other mainstream news outlets to promote misinformation about coronavirus.[245] The network promoted the narrative that the emergency response to the pandemic was politically motivated or otherwise unwarranted,[246] with Sean Hannity explicitly calling it a "hoax" (he later denied doing so) and other hosts downplaying it.[247] This coverage was consistent with the messaging of Trump at the time.[248] Only in mid March did the network change the tone of its coverage,[249] after President Trump declared a national emergency.[248]
Two of Fox News's commentators - Hannity and Laura Ingraham - promoted use of the drug gidroksixlorokin for the treatment of Coronavirus - yorliqdan tashqari usage which at the time was supported only by latifaviy dalillar - after it was touted by Trump as a possible cure.[250] As a result of this continued skewed reporting, Vashington Post media critic Erik Wemple has called Hannity to be fired.[251] Fox News promoted a fitna nazariyasi that coronavirus death toll numbers were inflated with people who would have died anyway from preexisting conditions. This was refuted by White House coronavirus task force members Doktor Entoni Fausi va Dr. Deborah Birx, with Fauci describing conspiracy theories as "nothing but distractions" during public health crises.[252]
A USA Today article, "Coronavirus: How Fox News and other right-wing media endanger our health", the author cited as an example, a Fox News interview with Arkanzas Senator Tom Paxta who raised the "escaped virus conspiracy theory" by saying the coronavirus may have started in a "biosafety level 4 super laboratory" in Vuxan, Xitoy. The article said that Cotton had mentioned the "debunked theory" on "at least two other times on Fox."[253][254] Bir necha hafta o'tgach Vashington Post sharhlovchi Josh Rojin detailed a 2018 trip made to the Uxan virusologiya instituti by scientists from the U.S. Embassy. Rogin cited cables sent back to Washington, warning "about safety and management weaknesses at the WIV lab and that the lab's work on bat coronaviruses and their potential human transmission represented a risk of a new SARS -like pandemic."[255] Rogin's article quoted Syao Tsian, a research scientist at the Berkli Kaliforniya universiteti, "I don't think it's a conspiracy theory. I think it's a legitimate question that needs to be investigated and answered."[255] Days later, multiple media outlets confirmed that U.S. intelligence officials were investigating the possibility that the virus started in the same lab Cotton cited during the Fox News interview.[256][257][258][259]
At the same time that Fox News commentators downplayed the threat of the virus in public, Fox's management and the Murdoch family took a broad range of internal measures to protect themselves and their employees against it.[260][261][262][263][264]
According to a study published at BMJ Global Health "people who trust Fox News more than CNN engaged in fewer preventive behaviours and more risky behaviours related to COVID-19."[265]
Qarama-qarshiliklar
 | Ushbu bo'lim balki juda uzoq qulay o'qish va navigatsiya qilish. (2018 yil fevral) |
 | Ushbu bo'lim mumkin qarz berish ortiqcha vazn ba'zi g'oyalar, hodisalar yoki qarama-qarshiliklarga. Iltimos yordam bering yanada muvozanatli taqdimot yaratish. Muhokama qiling va hal qilish ushbu xabarni olib tashlashdan oldin bu muammo. (Mart 2018) |
Jinsiy shilqimlik
The network has been accused of permitting jinsiy shilqimlik va irqiy kamsitish by on-air hosts, executives, and employees, paying out millions of dollars in legal settlements.[266] Prominent Fox News figures such as Roger Ailes, Bill O'Rayli va Erik Bolling were eventually fired after a many women accused them of sexual harassment. At least four lawsuits alleged Fox News co-president Bill Shine ignored, enabled or concealed Roger Ailes' alleged sexual harassment.[267][268][269] Fox News CEO Rupert Murdoch has dismissed the high-profile sexual misconduct allegations as "largely political" and speculated they were made "because we are conservative".[270]
Bill O'Reilly and Fox News settled six agreements, totaling $45 million, with women who accused O'Reilly of sexual harassment.[271][272] In January 2017, shortly after Bill O'Reilly settled a sexual harassment lawsuit for $32 million ("an extraordinarily large amount for such cases"), Fox News renewed Bill O'Reilly's contract.[271] Fox News's parent company, 21st Century Fox, said it was aware of the lawsuit.[271] The contract between O'Reilly and Fox News read he could not be fired from the network unless sexual harassment allegations were proved in court.[273]
Fox News's extensive coverage of the Xarvi Vaynshteyn janjali in October 2017 was seen by some as hypocritical.[274][275] Fox News dedicated at least 12 hours of coverage to the Weinstein scandal, yet only dedicated 20 minutes to Bill O'Reilly, who just like Weinstein had been accused of sexual harassment by a multitude of women.[274][275] Indira Lakshmana, an expert in journalism ethics at the Poynter instituti, said "to devote hours of airtime to crowing about Weinstein's well-deserved downfall because of his liberal politics, while ignoring the massive, decades-long pattern of harassment by powerful men at Fox, is both hypocritical and sad".[275] A few weeks later, when a number of women under the age of 18, including a 14-year old, accused Alabama Senate candidate Roy Mur of making sexual advances, Hannity dismissed the sexual misconduct allegations and dedicated coverage on his TV show to casting doubt on the accusers.[276][277] Other prime-time Fox News hosts Tucker Carlson and Laura Ingraham queried Washington Post's reporting or opted to bring up sexual misconduct allegations regarding show business figures such as Harvey Weinstein and Louis C.K.[116] Fox News figures Janin Pirro va Gregg Jarret questioned both the validity of Washington Post's reporting and that of the women.[278] In December 2017, a few days before the Alabama Senate election, Fox News, along with the conspiracy websites Breitbart and Gateway Pundit, ran an inaccurate headline which claimed one of Roy Moore's accusers admitted to forging an inscription by Roy Moore in her yearbook; Fox News later added a correction to the story.[279]
A number of Fox News hosts have welcomed Bill O'Reilly to their shows and paid tributes to Roger Ailes after his death. In May 2017, Hannity called Ailes "a second father" and said to Ailes's "enemies" that he was "preparing to kick your a** in the next life".[280] Ailes had the year before been fired from Fox News after women alleged he sexually harassed them.[280] In September 2017, several months after Bill O'Reilly was fired from Fox News in the wake of women alleging he sexually harassed them, Hannity hosted O'Reilly on his show.[281][282][283] Fox News kompaniyasining ba'zi xodimlari ushbu qarorni tanqid qildilar.[282] CNN ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, intervyu paytida Hannity O'Rayli bilan qarindoshlik munosabatlarini topdi, chunki u "u va O'Rayli ikkalasi ham ularning ovozini o'chirmoqchi bo'lgan liberallarning qurboniga aylanganini his qilgani" uchun paydo bo'ldi.[282] Earlier, Hannity had dedicated extensive coverage to the Weinstein scandal.[284]
Obama administration conflict
2009 yil sentyabr oyida Obama ma'muriyati engaged in a verbal conflict with Fox News Channel. On September 20, President Barak Obama appeared on all major news programs except Fox News, a snub partially in response to remarks about him by commentators Glenn Beck and Sean Hannity and Fox coverage of Obama's health-care proposal.[285][286]
In late September 2009, Obama's senior advisor Devid Akselrod and Roger Ailes met in secret to attempt to smooth out tensions between the two camps. Two weeks later, White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel referred to FNC as "not a news network" and communications director Anita Dann said "Fox News often operates as either the research arm or the communications arm of the Republican Party".[287][288] Obama observed, "If media is operating basically as a talk radio format, then that's one thing, and if it's operating as a news outlet, then that's another".[289] Emanuel said it was important "to not have the CNNs and the others in the world basically be led in following Fox".[290]
Within days, it was reported that Fox had been excluded from an interview with administration official Ken Faynberg, with bureau chiefs from the White House press pool (ABC, CBS, NBC, and CNN) coming to Fox's defense.[288] A bureau chief said, "If any member had been excluded it would have been the same thing, it has nothing to do with Fox or the White House or the substance of the issues".[291] Shortly after the story broke, the White House admitted to a low-level mistake, saying Fox had not made a specific request to interview Feinberg. Fox White House correspondent Major Garrett said he had not made a specific request, but had a "standing request from me as senior White House correspondent on Fox to interview any newsmaker at the Treasury at any given time news is being made".[292]
On November 8, 2009, the Los Anjeles Tayms reported an unnamed Democratic consultant was warned by the White House not to appear on Fox News again. According to the article, Dunn claimed in an e-mail to have checked with colleagues who "deal with TV issues" who denied telling anyone to avoid Fox. Patrik Kaddell, a Fox News contributor and former pollster for President Jimmi Karter, said he had spoken with other Democratic consultants who had received similar warnings from the White House.[293]
On October 2, 2013, Fox News host Anna Kooiman cited on the air a fake story from the Milliy hisobot parody site, which claimed Obama had offered to keep the International Museum of Muslim Cultures open with cash from his own pocket.[294][295][296]
Journalistic ethical standards
Fox News attracted controversy in April 2018 when it was revealed primetime host Sean Hannity had defended Trump's then personal attorney Michael Cohen on air without disclosing Cohen was Hannity's lawyer.[297] 2018 yil 9 aprelda federal agentlar U.S. Attorney's office served a search warrant on Cohen's office and residence.[298] Efirda Hannity Koenni himoya qildi va federal harakatni tanqid qildi va uni "juda shubhali" va "misli ko'rilmagan vakolatni suiiste'mol qilish" deb atadi.[299] 2018 yil 16 aprel kuni sud majlisida Koenning advokatlari sudyaga Koenning 2017-2018 yillarda o'nta mijozi bo'lganligini, ammo atigi uchtasi uchun "an'anaviy huquqiy vazifalarni" bajarganligini aytdi: Tramp, Elliott Broidy, va "xijolat bo'lishidan" qo'rqib, ismini aytishni istamagan "taniqli odam".[300][301][302] Federal sudya Koenning advokatlari Hannity deb nom olgan uchinchi mijozni ochib berishni buyurdi.[300]
Jurnalistlik axloq qoidalarini buzganligi uchun Hannity Fox News tomonidan sanktsiyalanmagan, Fox News telekanali Hannityning Koen bilan munosabatlari to'g'risida bexabar bo'lganligi va "Shon bilan gaplashgani va u bizni to'liq qo'llab-quvvatlashda davom etayotgani" haqida bayonot tarqatdi.[297][303][304][305] Media axloqshunosligi bo'yicha mutaxassislar, Hannity-ning ma'lumotni oshkor qilmasligi jurnalist axloq qoidalarini buzganligi va bu uchun tarmoq uni to'xtatishi yoki ishdan bo'shatishi kerak edi.[305]
Xalqaro uzatish
Fox News Channel tasmasi bir nechta provayderlar orqali xalqaro miqyosda mavjud Fox Extra segmentlar muqobil dasturlashni ta'minlaydi.[306] Fox News 40 dan ortiq mamlakatlarda olib boriladi.
Avstraliya
Avstraliyada FNC dominant pullik televizion provayder orqali uzatiladi Fokstel, bu 65% ga tegishli News Corp Australia, Avstraliya qo'li News Corp va FNC egasining qardosh kompaniyasi Fox korporatsiyasi. Mahalliy kabel kanallari kanali Sky News Australia butunlay News Corp Australia kompaniyasiga tegishli[307] va shuning uchun FNC-ning raqobatchisi bilan rasmiy sheriklik aloqalariga ega bo'lsa-da, FNC-ning amaldagi singil kanalidir CNN shuningdek, ikkalasi ham ABC News va CBS News.[308]
Braziliya
2002 yildan beri FNC Braziliyaga uzatildi; ammo, reklama roliklari almashtiriladi Fox Extra. U paketlarda mavjud Vivo TV.
Kanada
Fox dastlab qo'shma korxona ochishni rejalashtirgan edi G'arbiy "s Global Television Network, shartli ravishda Fox News Canada deb nomlangan bo'lib, unda AQSh va Kanadalik yangiliklar dasturlash. Natijada CRTC Fox News Channel-ga ruxsat so'ragan 2003 yildagi arizani rad etdi Kanadada olib borilgan. Biroq, 2004 yil mart oyida Fox rahbari ushbu korxona to'xtatilganligini aytdi; o'sha yilning noyabr oyida CRTC Fox News-ni televizion provayderlar olib borishi mumkin bo'lgan chet el kanallari oq ro'yxatiga qo'shdi.[309]
Frantsiya
Fox News-ni frantsuz Internet-provayderi orqali kabel orqali olish mumkin Ozod kanalda 352. 2017 yil bahoridan boshlab kanal endi provayderda topilmadi apelsin tarkib.[iqtibos kerak ]
Hindiston
Bu oqim xizmati orqali mavjud Disney + Hotstar (ilgari FNC bosh kompaniyasiga tegishli edi 21-asr tulki ).
Indoneziya
Yilda Indoneziya, 397-kanalda pullik televidenie provayderida mavjud Birinchi ommaviy axborot vositalari.
Irlandiya
- Qarang: Buyuk Britaniya va Irlandiya.
Isroil
Yilda Isroil, FNC sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderining 105-kanalida efirga uzatiladi Ha, shuningdek, Cellcom TV va Partner TV-da namoyish etiladi.[310] Shuningdek, u 200-kabel kanalidagi operator orqali uzatiladi Issiq.[311]
Italiya
Italiyada FNC translyatsiya qilinadi SKY Italia. Fox yangiliklari ishga tushirildi Stream TV 2001 yilda va ko'chib o'tdi SKY Italia 2003 yilda.
Yaponiya
2003 yil yozida Yaponiyaga xizmat to'xtatilgan bo'lsa ham, uni Americable (distribyutor uchun.) Da ko'rish mumkin Amerika bazalari ),[312] Mediatti (Kadena aviabazasi )[313] va Pan Global TV Japan.[314]
Meksika
Kanalning xalqaro tasmasi kabel provayderi tomonidan olib borilmoqda Izzi Telecom.
Gollandiya
Niderlandiyada Fox News telekommunikatsiya operatorlari tomonidan olib borilgan UPC Nederland va CASEMA va sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderi Canaldigitaal; So'nggi yillarda barchasi kanalni tark etishdi. Ayni paytda kanalni faqat Caiway kabel provayderi (mamlakatning markaziy qismidagi cheklangan miqdordagi shaharlarda mavjud) efirga uzatmoqda. Kanalni IPTV provayderi KNIPPR ham egallagan (egasi T-Mobile ).
Yangi Zelandiya
Yangi Zelandiyada FNC kanalli to'lqinli sun'iy yo'ldosh operatorining 088-kanalida efirga uzatiladi SKY Network Television raqamli platforma. Ilgari u tunda bepul efirga uzatilgan UHF Yangi Zelandiya telekanali Bosh vazir (SKY-ga tegishli); Xabarlarga ko'ra, bu 2010 yil yanvar oyida to'xtatilgan edi, chunki xabar tarqatish litsenziyasining amal qilish muddati tugagan.[315] Fox News kompaniyasining sobiq bosh kompaniyasi bo'lgan News Corporation 2014 yilgacha SKY va Prime kompaniyalarining ulushiga ega edi.
Pokiston
Pokistonda Fox News kanali mavjud PTCL Smart TV va bir qator simi va IPTV operatorlar.
Filippinlar
In Filippinlar, Fox News kanali mavjud Signal 131-kanal, Osmon kabeli 138 (Metro Manila) va 510 (Regional) kanallari va G Sat 50-kanal.
2003 yildan 2006 yilgacha, Shvetsiyada va boshqasida Skandinaviya mamlakatlari, FNC kuniga 16 soat efirga uzatilgan TV8 (bilan Fox News Extra AQSh reklama o'rnini bosuvchi segmentlar). Fox News TV8 tomonidan tashlab yuborildi va uning o'rniga Germaniyaning yangiliklar kanali paydo bo'ldi Deutsche Welle 2006 yil sentyabr oyida.
Singapur
Yilda Singapur, FNC 702 kanalida to'lov kabel operatori orqali uzatiladi StarHub TV raqamli platforma. Shuningdek, u o'zining singil kanalini namoyish etadi, Sky News.
Janubiy Afrika
Yilda Janubiy Afrika, FNC translyatsiya qilinadi StarSat.[316]
Eng mashhur pullik televizion operator, DStv, kanal guldastasida FNC ni taklif qilmaydi.[317]
Buyuk Britaniya va Irlandiya
FNC amalga oshirildi Birlashgan Qirollik tomonidan Osmon O'sha paytda uning 40 foiz ulushi 21st Century Fox kompaniyasiga tegishli bo'lib, o'zining ichki yangiliklar kanalini boshqaradi Sky News. 2017 yil 29 avgustda Sky Fox News-ni tashladi; teleradiokompaniyaning ta'kidlashicha, kuniga 2000 dan kam tomoshabinni tomoshabinlar soni o'rtacha bo'lganligi sababli uning transport vositasi "tijorat jihatdan yaroqsiz". Kompaniyaning ta'kidlashicha, ushbu qaror 21st Century Fox kompaniyasining qolgan qismini sotib olish bilan bog'liq emas Sky plc (bu oxir-oqibat uni sotib olishga olib keladigan savdo urushiga olib keldi Comcast o'rniga).[318]
Potentsial sheriklik shartnomasi tanqidchilaridan xavotirga tushgan edi, chunki Sky News xuddi shu tarzda o'ng qanot nuqtai nazaridan fikr formatiga o'tishi mumkin. Biroq, bunday harakat buzilgan bo'ladi Ofcom translyatsiya kodlari, bu barcha yangiliklar dasturlarini xolisligini ko'rsatishni talab qiladi. Kanalning mamlakatdagi ko'rsatuvlari ushbu qoidani bir necha bor buzgan bo'lsa, kanal ham buzgan saylov sukunati ning translyatsiyasini tahlil qilish orqali qoidalar 2016 yil Brexit bo'yicha referendum saylov uchastkalari hali ham ochiq bo'lganida (saylov uchastkalari ochiq bo'lgan paytda kanal qoraytirildi 2017 yilgi umumiy saylovlar qoidaga rioya qilish).[319][320][321][322]
Taniqli shaxslar
Dastur xostlari
- Bret Bayer
- Mariya Bartiromo
- Jedediya Bila
- Shannon Bream
- Qobil
- Taker Karlson
- Nil Kavuto
- Lou Dobbs
- Stiv Dusi
- Eynsli Erxardt
- Xarris Folkner
- Melissa Frensis
- Greg Gutfeld
- Shon Xanniti
- Pit Xegset
- Bill Xemmer
- Stiv Xilton
- Laura Ingram
- Brian Kilmeade
- Xovard Kurtz
- Mark Levin
- Marta MacCallum
- Jillian Mele
- Arthel Nevill
- Dana Perino
- Janin Pirro
- Jon Skott
- Erik Shoun
- Sandra Smit
- Leland Vittert
- Kris Uolles
- Jessi Uotters
- Xuan Uilyams
Muxbirlar va ularning o'rnini bosuvchi langarlar
- Menni Alvares
- Julie Banderas
- Ellison Barber
- Kristin Kleyburg
- Kevin Kork
- Klaudiya Kovan
- Janice Din
- Piter Dusi
- Mayk Emanuel
- Kristin Fisher
- Lea Gabrielle
- Gallagherni kuzatib boring
- Anna Gilligan
- Lauren Green
- Jennifer Griffin
- Benjamin Xoll
- Molli Xenberg
- Brit Xum
- Fil Kiting
- Kennedi
- Rik Levental
- Molli layn
- Bryan Llenas
- Dagen McDowell
- Xolli MakKey
- Endryu Napolitano
- Keyt Obensheyn
- Charlz Peyn
- Keti Pavlich
- Todd Piro
- Geraldo Rivera
- Jon Roberts
- Karley Shimkus
Doimiy mehmonlar va yordamchilar
- Keyt Ablow
- Mayk Beyker
- Qay Benson
- Donna Brazile[323]
- Tammy Bryus
- Rep. Jeyson Chaffetz
- Emily Compagno
- Mo Elleithee[324]
- Hizqiyel Emanuil[324]
- Nayjel Faraj[325]
- Ari Fleycher
- Stiv Forbes
- Nyut Gingrich
- Bernard Goldberg
- Yunus Goldberg
- Mari Xarf[324]
- Stiven Xeyz
- Molli Xeminguey[324]
- Hokim Mayk Xekabi
- Charlz Xurt
- Santita Jekson
- Robert Jeffress
- Dennis Kucinich
- Tomi Laren
- Larri Elder
- Leo Terrell
- Geraldo Rivera
- Jon "Bredshu" Layfild
- Boy Lowry
- Frank Luntz
- Lesli Marshall
- Dennis Miller
- Judit Miller
- Fr. Jonathan Morris
- Podpolkovnik Oliver Nort
- Burgess Ouens[326]
- Candace Owens
- Keti Pavlich
- Charlz Peyn
- Karl Rove
- Sara Sanders
- Nikol Saphier
- Mercedes Schlapp
- Duglas Shoen
- Ben Shapiro
- Mark Sigel
- Ben Shteyn
- Ketrin Timpf
- Djo Trippi
- Jonathan Turley
- Tyrus
- Styuart Varni
- Bret Velicovich
- Jeyson Uitlok
- Lis Viehl
- Bayron York
Sobiq xostlar va ishtirokchilar
- Jim burchak
- Lui Agirre (sobiq ertalab mezbon, hozirda WPLG Mayamida)
- Dari Aleksandr (hozirda WNYW Nyu-York shahrida)
- Jennifer Eshton (hozirda ABC News )
- Tiki Sartarosh (hozir bilan CBS Sport tarmog'i )
- Fred Barns
- Rudi Baxtiyor (hozirda eronlik amerikaliklar jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar alyansining PR direktori)
- Glenn Bek (avvalgi tushdan keyin olib boruvchi; hozir TheBlaze )
- Bob Bekkel (irqchilik bayonotlari asosida bekor qilingan)
- Liza Bernxard (ko'ngilochar muxbir)
- Toni Blankli (marhum)
- Erik Bolling (jinsiy zo'ravonlik ayblovlari bilan tugatilgan)
- Jon R. Bolton (AQSh milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchisi bo'lish uchun chapda)
- Deyv Briggs (hozir CNN-da)
- Patti Ann Braun
- Skott Braun
- Erik Berns (yangilanmagan)
- Brenda Buttner (marhum)
- Patrik Kaddell (marhum)
- Jozef A. Kafasso (harbiy lavozimini haddan tashqari oshirganligi haqidagi da'volar tufayli ishdan ketdi)
- Xerman Keyn (marhum)
- Karl Kemeron (2017 yil avgustda nafaqaga chiqqan)
- Alisyn Camerota (hozirda CNN )
- Gretxen Karlson
- Ben Karson (Trump kabinetiga qo'shildi)
- Stiv Centanni (2014 yil avgust oyida nafaqaga chiqqan)
- Xizer Chaylders (tugatilgan)
- Liz Cheyni (endi davlat xizmatida)
- Kiran Chetry (keyinchalik CNNda ishlagan)
- Uesli Klark (hozir CNN-da)
- Alan Kolmes (marhum)
- Rita Cosby (keyinchalik ishlagan MSNBC )
- Ketrin Krier (hozirda TruTV )
- Monika Krouli
- S. E. Cupp (hozir CNN-da)
- Steysi Dash (yangilanmagan)
- Djil Dobson
- Laurie Dhue (yangilanmagan)
- Mett Drodj
- Darbi Dann (hozirda CNBC )
- Erik Erikson (hozirda WSB radiosi yilda Atlanta )
- Donna Fidusiya (endi kabel yangiliklari sohasida ishlamaydi, Gruziya ko'chmas mulkiga kirdi)
- Rik Folbaum (hozirda WFOR-TV )
- Garold Ford, kichik (hozir MSNBC-da)
- Kortni Friel (hozirda KTLA-TV )
- Nil Gabler
- Mayor Garret (hozirda CBS News )
- Jon Gibson
- Aleksis Glik (Fox Business-dan 2009 yil dekabrda ketgan; hozirda CNN-da)
- Vendell Goler (marhum)
- Kimberli Guilfoyl
- Meri Katarin Xem (hozirda CNN )[327]
- Elisabet Xasselbek
- Ed Genri (jinsiy zo'ravonlik ayblovlari bilan tugatilgan)
- Ketrin Xerrij (endi CBS News-da)
- E. D. Xill (hozirda CNN )
- Mark Lamont tepaligi (endi BET va CNN-da)
- Kit Hoover (hozirda TLC )
- Margaret Guvver (endi PBS va CNN-da)
- Sahifa Xopkins (chap tarmoq 2008 yil 26 sentyabr; endi MSNBC da)
- Adam Xasli
- Juliet Xaddi (hozirda WABC radiosi )
- Ebbi Xantsman (hozir Ko'rish ABC da)
- Kerol Iovanna (hozir ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasini boshqaradi)
- Marvin Kalb (yangilanmagan)
- Jon Kasich (keyinchalik ikki muddat xizmat qildi Ogayo shtati gubernatori 2011 yildan 2019 yilgacha)
- Terri Kinan (marhum)
- Greg Kelli (hozirda Newsmax TV )
- Megin Kelli (NBC News-ga ko'chib o'tdi; 2019 yil yanvar oyida NBC-dan chiqib ketdi)
- Mort Kondracke
- Anna Kooiman (hozirda Tarmoq 10 )
- Charlz Krauthammer (marhum)
- Bill Kristol
- Jenna Li
- Xarvi Levin
- Endi Levi (hozirda HLN )
- Dana Lyuis (hozirda WSAW-TV Vausau shahrida)
- G. Gordon Lidi
- Reychel Marsden (hissador va Qizil ko'z panelist; hozir Frantsiyada yashaydi)
- Meghan Makkeyn (hozir Ko'rish ABC da)
- Bill Makkuddi
- Zell Miller
- Mariya Molina
- Kleyton Morris
- Dik Morris (hissador, yangilanmagan)
- Xezer Nauert (hozirda katta ilmiy xodim Hudson instituti )
- Skotki Nell Xyuz (tugatilgan)
- Joanne Nosuchinsky
- Robert Novak (marhum)
- Bill O'Rayli (jinsiy zo'ravonlik ayblovlari bilan tugatilgan)
- Barbara Olson (o'ldirilgan 11 sentyabr hujumlari 2001 yilda)
- Morgan Ortagus (hozir AQSh Davlat departamenti vakili)
- Podpolkovnik Ralf Piters
- Uma Pemmaraju
- Julian Fillips
- Kirsten Pauers (hozir CNN-da)
- Elizabeth Prann (hozirda HLN )
- Judit Regan
- Julie Roginsky
- Ed Rollins (yangilanmagan)
- Jeyms Rozen (hozirda Sinclair Broadcast Group )
- Rik Santorum (endi CNN bilan)
- Rob Shmitt (hozirda Newsmax TV )
- Mayk Shnayder (chapga Bloomberg televideniesi, so'nggi paytlarda NJTV )
- Laura Shvarts
- Bob sotuvchilari (ertalab hammuallif edi WZTV 2016 yilgacha Nashvilda)
- Suzanna Sena
- Devid Shuster (endi i24NEWS-da)
- Jeyn Skinner
- Shepard Smit (hozirda CNBC-da)
- Toni Snoud (bo'ldi Oq uy matbuot kotibi, marhum)
- Jon Stossel
- Andrea Tantaros
- Kal Tomas (yangilanmagan)
- Greta Van Susteren (MSNBC uchun chap, hozirda Kulrang televizor )
- Linda Vester
- Jorj Uill (endi NBC News va MSNBC da)
- Brayan Uilson (hozirda ertalab haydash vaqti xosti yoqilgan WMAL-FM )
- Paula Zahn (CNN uchun chapga, hozirda Tergov kashfiyoti )
Shuningdek qarang
- Muqobil faktlar
- The Fox Nation
- Fox Effect
- Fox Music
- Fox News radiosi
- Sun News Network, qisqa muddatli Kanadadagi konservativ tomoshabinlar uchun xuddi shunday yangiliklar kanalini yaratishga urinish
Adabiyotlar
- ^ a b "Korporativ ma'lumotlar". FoxNews.com. Fox News Network, MChJ. Olingan 11 iyul, 2020.
- ^ DellaVigna, Stefano; Kaplan, Etan (2007 yil 1-avgust). "Fox News Effect: ommaviy axborot vositalarining tarafkashligi va ovoz berish". Iqtisodiyotning har choraklik jurnali. 122 (3): 1187–1234. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.1980. doi:10.1162 / qjec.122.3.1187. ISSN 0033-5533. S2CID 16610755.
- ^ Nie, Norman H.; Miller, Darvin V., III; Gold, Saar; Butler, Daniel M.; Winneg, Kennet (2010). "Butunjahon tarmog'i va AQSh siyosiy yangiliklar bozori". Amerika siyosiy fanlar jurnali. 54 (2): 428–439. doi:10.1111 / j.1540-5907.2010.00439.x. ISSN 1540-5907.
- ^ Meyers, Kristofer (2020 yil 2-iyul). "Partizan yangiliklari, ob'ektivlik afsonasi va mas'uliyatli jurnalistika standartlari". Media etikasi jurnali. 35 (3): 180–194. doi:10.1080/23736992.2020.1780131. ISSN 2373-6992. S2CID 221538960.
- ^ Shor, Eran (2019). "Siyosiy moyillik va qamrab olish fikri: konservativ gazetalar ayollarga nisbatan ko'proq salbiymi?". Ijtimoiy fanlar har chorakda. 100 (1): 307–319. doi:10.1111 / ssqu.12563. ISSN 1540-6237.
- ^ "OAV bilan aloqalar | Fox News". Olingan 1 oktyabr, 2020.
- ^ "FOX dunyoda qayerda?". FoxNews.com. 2011 yil 1 mart. Olingan 6 fevral, 2019.
- ^ "Fox bu kuzda reklama tanaffuslarida homiylik qilingan hikoyalarni yuritishni rejalashtirmoqda". FierceVideo. Olingan 28 sentyabr, 2020.
- ^ Mifflin, Lawrie (1996 yil 7 oktyabr). "Fox News-ning yangi kanalida shov-shuv odillikni anglatadi, yangiliklarni tarafkashlikdan ajratadi". The New York Times. Olingan 4-may, 2010.
- ^ Richvin, Liza; Gibson, zanjabil (2016 yil 21-iyul). "Divisive Ailes Fox News-da konservatorlarga televizor uyini berdi". Reuters. Olingan 17 oktyabr, 2019.
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Redden, Molli (2016 yil 21-iyul). "Rojer Ailes jinsiy zo'ravonlik da'volari sababli Fox News-ni tark etdi". Guardian. Olingan 17 oktyabr, 2019. - ^ a b v d Skocpol, Theda; Uilyamson, Vanessa (2016 yil 1 sentyabr). Choy partiyasi va respublika konservatizmini qayta qurish. Oksford, Nyu-York: Oksford universiteti matbuoti. 5, 8, 86, 123, 125, 130-140 betlar. ISBN 978-0-19063-366-0.
Choy partiyasi g'oyasini tarqatish va unib chiqish muammosi juda osonlik bilan engildi, chunki bugungi kunda AQSh ommaviy axborot vositalarining asosiy sektori ochiq tarafkashlik qilmoqda, shu jumladan Fox News Channel, o'ng "blogosfera" va butun mamlakat bo'ylab o'ng qanotli nutq tarmog'i radio dasturlari. Ushbu munosib nomlangan konservativ OAV "aks sado kamerasi" ko'plab amerikaliklarning uylariga etib boradi ... Hammasidan ustun turuvchi bu Fox News imperiyasi, bu konservativ ommaviy axborot vositalarida eng baland ovoz. O'zining "adolatli va muvozanatli" bo'lishiga qaramay, ko'plab tadqiqotlar FNC-ning konservativ pozitsiyasini hujjatlashtirdi ... Fox News-ning konservativ moyilligi ma'lum bir dunyoqarashni rag'batlantiradi.
- ^ a b v Jeymison, Ketlin Xoll; Cappella, Joseph N. (2010 yil 4-fevral). Echo Palatasi: Rush Limbaugh va konservativ ommaviy axborot vositalarini yaratish. Oksford, Nyu-York: Oksford universiteti matbuoti. ISBN 978-0-19539-860-1.
Biz buni "Fox News", "Limbaugh" va "Wall Street Journal" ning bosma va veb-tahririyat sahifalarida konservativ maqsadlarga xizmat qilishda ham tajovuzkorlik, ham himoya qilish usullarini tasvirlash uchun qilamiz. Ushbu amaliy tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, katta uchlik bir-birlarining konservativ xabarlarini boshqa asosiy translyatsiya ommaviy axborot vositalari, CBS News, NBC News, ABC News, CNN, MSNBC, CNBC va Washington Post kabi yirik bosma nashrlardan ajratib turadigan usullar bilan kuchaytiradi. va Nyu-York Tayms.
- ^ a b v d e Grossman, Mett; Xopkins, Devid A. (2016 yil 13 oktyabr). Asimmetrik siyosat: mafkuraviy respublikachilar va guruh manfaatlari demokratlari. Oksford, Nyu-York: Oksford universiteti matbuoti. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-19062-660-0.
- ^ a b v Kludt, Tom (28.02.2018). "Fox News Jared Kushnerning xavfsizligini ta'minlash to'g'risida gaplashishdan qochdi". CNN Money. Olingan 28 fevral, 2018.
Tarmoq Trampni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi aks-sado palatasida noyob kuchli rolni talab qilmoqda va prezident uchun ham, uning millionlab tarafdorlari uchun ham kun tartibini belgilaydi. Ushbu nuqtai nazardan, Trampni kamdan-kam hollarda yoqimsiz nurga duchor qilishadi va "asosiy ommaviy axborot vositalari" deb nomlangan maqtovga sazovor emas. Yomon yangiliklar, xuddi Kushnerni o'rab turgani kabi, muntazam ravishda sirlanib qoladi.
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Olti stantsiya mamlakatning ko'plab yirik bozorlarini - Nyu-York, Chikago, Los-Anjeles, Dallas, Xyuston va Vashingtonni qamrab oladi.
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"Kabel televideniesi: tarkibni tahlil qilish". Axborot vositalarining holati. 2005. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2010 yil 3 avgustda. Olingan 17 oktyabr, 2019. - ^ "Raqobatbardosh dasturlar reytingi (M-F 6a-11p dasturlari)" (PDF). TVNewser. Aprel 2005. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi (PDF) 2007 yil 14 iyunda. Olingan 17 oktyabr, 2019.
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Patten, Dominik (2012 yil 23 oktyabr). "YANGILASH: 59.2M Prezidentning yakuniy bahsini tomosha qiling; NBC qamrov jangida g'olib bo'ldi". Muddati Gollivud. Olingan 17 oktyabr, 2019. - ^ Flint, Djo (2012 yil 23 oktyabr). "Fox News katta reytinglarni yutdi". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 17 oktyabr, 2019.
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Fox News-ning asosiy tomoshabinlarining uchdan ikki qismi o'zlarini respublikachilar deb bilishadi va 94% respublikachilar yoki ozg'in respublikachilar.
- ^ a b Grynbaum, Maykl M. (2017 yil 14-iyun). "Fox News" adolatli va muvozanatli shiori tashlamoqda ". The New York Times. Olingan 15 iyun, 2017.
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- ^ "Rupert Merdok jurnalistika kelajagini muhokama qilmoqda". Hoover instituti.
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- ^ a b Barbash, Fred (2017 yil 15-noyabr). "Fox News telekanali xodimi Shepard Smit o'z tarmog'idagi sevimli Hillari Klintonning" mojarosini "ochib berdi, tomoshabinlarni g'azablantirmoqda". Washington Post. Olingan 3 avgust, 2018.
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- ^ a b Azari, Yuliya (2016). "Yangiliklar ommaviy axborot vositalari Trampning nomzodini ko'rsatishga qanday yordam berishdi". Siyosiy aloqa. 33 (4): 678–679. doi:10.1080/10584609.2016.1224417. S2CID 151773937.
Konservativ ommaviy axborot vositalarining (ya'ni Fox News) ushbu institutsional imkoniyatlarda ishlashini ko'rib chiqish mantiqan.
- ^ Berri, Jeffri M.; Sobieraj, Sara (2014). G'azablangan sanoat: siyosiy fikrlar ommaviy axborot vositalari va yangi g'ayritabiiylik. Oksford, Nyu-York: Oksford universiteti matbuoti. 110–111 betlar. ISBN 978-0-19992-897-2.
"Broadcasting & Cable" savdo nashri ta'kidlaganidek, Fox "aniq va kuchli brendni yaratdi va unga sodiq qolish uchun o'zgarmas majburiyatlarni yaratdi. Tomoshabinlar, reklama beruvchilar va kabel operatorlari nima olishlarini bilishadi. ' "O'zgarmas" o'rinli; uning mazmuni mafkuraviy xususiyati uchun qanchalik tanqid qilinmasin, Fox tazimsiz qolmoqda. Dasturlash davomida u kuchli konservativ nuqtai nazarni taqdim etishda davom etmoqda ... yillar davomida Fox haqiqatan ham o'ng tomonga harakat qildi.
- ^ a b v DellaVigna, Stefano; Kaplan, Etan (2007 yil 1-avgust). "Fox News Effect: ommaviy axborot vositalarining tarafkashligi va ovoz berish". Iqtisodiyotning har choraklik jurnali. 122 (3): 1187–1234. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.333.4616. doi:10.1162 / qjec.122.3.1187. ISSN 0033-5533. S2CID 16610755.
Konservativ Fox News kanali.
- ^ Xemmer, Nikol (2016). O'ng xabarchilari: Konservativ ommaviy axborot vositalari va Amerika siyosatining o'zgarishi. Pensilvaniya universiteti matbuoti. ISBN 978-0-81222-430-6.
- ^ a b Rydgren, Jens (2018). Radikal huquq bo'yicha Oksford qo'llanmasi. Oksford universiteti matbuoti. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-19027-455-9.
Konservativ ommaviy axborot vositalarining, xususan Fox News telekanalining Choy partiyasining dastlabki namoyishlari haqida xabar bergani, ommaviy axborot vositalarining startap harakatiga berishi mumkin bo'lgan tezlikni yoritadi. Tulki Choy partiyasining faolligi va ritorikasining kuchaytiruvchisiga aylanib, asosan mahalliy namoyishlarga milliy turtki berdi.
- ^ La Monika, Pol (2009). Rupertning miyasi ichida. Piter Lang. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-10101-659-6.
- ^ a b "Jonathan Bernsteinning maqolalari". Bloomberg. Olingan 11 may, 2018.
- ^ a b Shvarts, Jeyson (2017 yil 21-noyabr). "Tulkiga Trampni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi yana bir xost qo'shildi". Politico. Olingan 22-noyabr, 2017.
- ^ Benkler, Yochay; Faris, Robert; Roberts, Xol (2018 yil 29-noyabr). Epistemik inqiroz (PDF). Oksford universiteti matbuoti. doi:10.1093 / oso / 9780190923624.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19092-366-2.
- ^ Benkler, Yochay; Faris, Robert; Roberts, Xol (2018 yil 29-noyabr). Tulki dietasi (PDF). Oksford universiteti matbuoti. doi:10.1093 / oso / 9780190923624.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19092-366-2.
- ^ Grossmann, Mett; Xopkins, Devid A. (2018). "Fox News-dan virusli qarashlarga: 2018 yilgi saylovlarda mafkuraviy ommaviy axborot vositalarining ta'siri". Forum. 16 (4): 547–567. doi:10.1515 / 2018-0037 yil uchun. ISSN 1540-8884. S2CID 150481237.
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- ^ Svuni, Mark; Ruddik, Grem (2017 yil 29-avgust). "Sky Buyuk Britaniyada AQShning" Fox News "o'ng kanalini uzatishni to'xtatdi". Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Olingan 29 avgust, 2017.
- ^ Szalai, Georg (2017 yil 30-avgust). "Fox News Buyuk Britaniyada efirga uzatishni to'xtatdi. Ofcomning qarorlariga qarshi qarash". Hollywood Reporter. Olingan 30 avgust, 2017.
- ^ "Sky Sky News-ning Buyuk Britaniyada translyatsiyasini to'xtatdi". BBC yangiliklari. 2017 yil 29-avgust. Olingan 29 avgust, 2017.
- ^ "Donna Brazile: Nega men Fox News-ga qo'shilib, fuqarolik va oqilona debatda qatnashishdan xursandman". Fox News. 2019 yil 18 mart. Olingan 20 mart, 2019.
- ^ a b v d Koncha, Djo (2017 yil 27 mart). "Fox News Federalist Molli Xeminguey bilan shartnoma imzoladi". Tepalik. Olingan 17 oktyabr, 2019.
- ^ "Nayjel Faraj Fox News tomonidan siyosiy tahlilchi sifatida yollangan". BBC yangiliklari. 2017 yil 20-yanvar. Olingan 21 yanvar, 2017.
- ^ "Burgess Owens (@BurgessOwens) | Twitter". twitter.com.
- ^ Feldman, Josh (2016 yil 1 mart). "Fox News-ning muallifi Meri Katarin Xem CNN-ga sakrab chiqdi va Tapper bilan debyut qildi". Mediait. Olingan 12 mart, 2017.
Qo'shimcha o'qish
- Kassino, Dan (2016). Fox News va Amerika siyosati: bitta kanal Amerika siyosati va jamiyatini qanday shakllantiradi. Yo'nalish. ISBN 978-1-317-47999-4.
- Xopkins, Daniel J.; Ladd, Jonathan M. (mart 2014). "Ommaviy axborot vositalarini tanlashning natijalari: Fox News-ning kengayishidan dalillar". Choraklik siyosiy fanlar jurnali. 9 (1): 115–135. doi:10.1561/100.00012099.
- Pek, Reece (2019). Fox Populizm: Konservatizmni ishchi sinf sifatida markalash. Kembrij universiteti matbuoti. doi:10.1017/9781108634410. ISBN 9781108634410.
Tashqi havolalar
 | Scholia bor tashkilot uchun profil Fox News. |
- Rasmiy veb-sayt
- "Fox + News", Core.ac.uk,
Ochiq kirish tadqiqot ishlari
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