Chicago Tribune - Chicago Tribune

"Trib" bu yerga yo'naltiradi. Shunga o'xshash nomdagi boshqa gazetalar uchun qarang Tribuna (ajralish).

Chicago Tribune
Logo of the Chicago Tribune
Front page of Chicago Tribune on June 16, 2009
TuriKundalik gazeta
FormatlashBrooksheet
Egalari)Tribuna nashriyoti
Ta'sischi (lar)Jeyms Kelli, Jon E. Uiler va Jozef K. C. Forrest
Bosh muharrirKolin MakMaxon[1]
Muharrirni boshqarishKristin Volfram Teylor
Bosh menejerPar Ridder
Fikr muharririKristen McQueary
Sport muharririAmanda Kaschube
Fotosurat muharririTodd Panagopulos
Tashkil etilgan1847 yil 10-iyun; 173 yil oldin (1847-06-10)
TilIngliz tili
Bosh ofis
  • Shimoliy Stetson shoh ko'chasi, 160-uy
  • Chikago, Illinoys 60601
MamlakatQo'shma Shtatlar
Sirkulyatsiya
  • Kunlik 448,930
  • 331.190 shanba
  • 853,324 yakshanba
(2013 yil 31 mart holatiga)[2]
ISSN1085-6706 (chop etish)
2165-171X (veb)
OCLC raqam7960243
Veb-saytwww.chikagotribune.com

The Chicago Tribune kundalik gazeta Chikago, Illinoys, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari, tegishli Tribuna nashriyoti. 1847 yilda tashkil topgan va ilgari o'zini "Dunyoning eng buyuk gazetasi" deb nomlagan (shiori uchun WGN radio va televizor nomlangan), u eng ko'p o'qiladigan kundalik gazeta bo'lib qolmoqda Chikago metropoliteni va Buyuk ko'llar mintaqasi. Bu Amerika gazetalari uchun 2017 yildagi 6-eng yuqori tirajga ega edi.[3]

1850-yillarda, ostida Jozef Medil, Chicago Tribune Illinoysning sevimli o'g'li bilan chambarchas bog'liq bo'lib qoldi, Avraam Linkoln va bilan Respublika partiyasi progressiv qanot. 20-asrda Medilning nabirasi ostida, Robert R. Makkormik, u qat'iy amerikalik-konservativ anti-anti-qarshi salib qog'ozi sifatida obro'ga erishdi.Yangi bitim dunyoqarashi va uni yozish boshqa bozorlarga oilaviy va korporativ munosabatlar orqali erishildi Nyu-York Daily News va Washington Times-Herald. 1960-yillarda uning korporativ ota-onasi egasi ko'rilgan, Tribuna kompaniyasi, yangi bozorlarga chiqish. 2008 yilda, o'zining yarim asrlik tarixida birinchi marta uning tahririyat sahifasi Illinoys shtatidagi demokratni qo'llab-quvvatladi Barak Obama, AQSh prezidenti uchun.[4]

Dastlab faqat a sifatida nashr etilgan keng jadval, 2009 yil 13-yanvar kuni Tribuna uyga etkazib berish uchun elektron jadval sifatida nashr etishni davom ettirishini e'lon qildi, ammo nashr etadi tabloid gazeta do'konlari, yangiliklar qutisi va shahar tashqarisidagi stantsiyalarni sotish uchun format.[5] Biroq, bu o'zgarish o'quvchilarga yoqmadi va 2011 yil avgust oyida Tribuna tabloid nashrini to'xtatdi va barcha tarqatish kanallari orqali o'rnatilgan jadval jadvaliga qaytdi.[6] 2019 yil dekabrda, Alden Global Capital, a Nyu-York shahri asoslangan to'siq fondi, Tribune Publishing Company aktsiyalarining 32% ulushini sotib oldi.[7]

The Tribuna's masthead ni aks ettiradi Amerika bayrog'i, gazetaning avvalgi shioriga murojaat qilib, "Amerikaliklar uchun Amerika qog'ozi". Shiori endi namoyish etilmaydi masthead, bayroq ostiga qo'yilgan joyda.

Tarix

Boshlanish

The Tribuna tomonidan tashkil etilgan Jeyms Kelli, John E. Wheeler va Joseph K. C. Forrest, 1847 yil 10-iyunda birinchi nashrni nashr etishdi. Keyingi sakkiz yil ichida mulkchilik va tahririyat sohasidagi ko'plab o'zgarishlar yuz berdi. Dastlab, Tribuna siyosiy jihatdan bog'liq bo'lmagan, ammo ikkalasini ham qo'llab-quvvatlashga intilgan Whig yoki Bepul tuproq tomonlarga qarshi partiyalar Demokratlar saylovlarda.[8] 1853 yil oxiriga kelib, u tez-tez ishlaydi ksenofobik chet elliklarni tanqid qilgan tahririyatlar va Rim katoliklari.[9] Taxminan shu vaqtda u kuchli tarafdoriga aylandi mo''tadillik.[10] Ammo nativist uning tahririyat maqolalari bo'lishi mumkin edi, 1855 yil 10-fevralgacha bo'lgan Tribuna rasman o'zini nativist Amerika bilan bog'lagan yoki Hech narsani bilmang partiya, kimning nomzodi Levi Buni saylandi Chikago meri keyingi oy.[11]

Medill tahririyati

Uchun 1870 reklama Chicago Tribune obuna
Birinchi sonning asosiy tahririyati Chicago Tribune keyin nashr etilgan Buyuk Chikagodagi olov

Taxminan 1854 yilga kelib, qism egasi kapitan J. D. Vebster, keyinchalik general Uebster va shtab boshlig'i Shilo jangi va doktor Charlz H. Rey Galena, Illinoys, orqali Horace Greeley, ishonch hosil qildi Jozef Medil ning Klivlend "s Rahbar boshqaruvchi muharrir bo'lish. Rey bosh muharrir, Medill boshqaruvchi muharrir bo'ldi va Alfred Kouulz, kichik, akasi Edvin Kouulz, dastlab buxgalter edi. Ularning har biri uchdan birini sotib oldi Tribuna.[12][13] Ularning rahbarligi ostida Tribuna o'zini "Know Nothings" dan uzoqlashtirdi va asosiy Chikago organiga aylandi Respublika partiyasi.[14] Biroq, gazeta katolik va irlandlarga qarshi tahririyatlarni nashr etishda davom etdi Irlandiyadan ochlik immigratsiyasi.[15]

The Tribuna yangi tahrirlovchilar ostida uchta boshqa Chikagodagi nashrlarni o'zlashtirdi: The Ozod G'arb 1855 yilda Demokratik matbuot ning Uilyam Bross 1858 yilda va Chikago demokrat 1861 yilda muharriri, Jon Ventuort sifatida saylanganda o'z lavozimini tark etdi Chikago meri. 1858-1860 yillarda bu qog'oz nomi bilan tanilgan Chicago Press & Tribune. 1860 yil 25 oktyabrda u bo'ldi Chicago Daily Tribune.[16] Oldin va paytida Amerika fuqarolar urushi, yangi tahrirlovchilar kuchli qo'llab-quvvatladilar Avraam Linkoln Medil 1860 yilda prezidentlik lavozimini egallashga yordam berdi va uni itarib yubordi bekor qiluvchi kun tartibi. Keyinchalik bu gazeta yillar davomida respublikachilar siyosatida kuch bo'lib qoldi.

1861 yilda Tribuna tomonidan yangi so'zlarni nashr etdi Uilyam V. Patton qo'shiq uchun "Jon Braunning tanasi "Ular raqobatlashdi so'zlari tomonidan ikki oy o'tgach nashr etilgan Julia Ward Howe. Medil keyin bir muddat Chikago meri bo'lib ishlagan Buyuk Chikagodagi olov 1871 yil

Makkormik yillari

Polkovnikning 20-asr tahriri ostida Robert R. Makkormik, 1920-yillarda nazoratni qo'lga olgan, qog'oz kuchli edi izolyatsionist va bilan moslashtirilgan Eski o'ng siyosiy yangiliklar va ijtimoiy tendentsiyalarni yoritishda. Unda "Amerikaliklar uchun Amerika qog'ozi" shiori ishlatilgan. 1930-yillardan 1950-yillarga qadar, bu juda yomon edi Demokratlar va Yangi bitim ning Franklin D. Ruzvelt, ingliz va frantsuzlardan qat'iyan xor edi va juda g'ayratli edi Chiang Qay-shek va Sen. Jozef Makkarti.

Makkormik hammuallif sifatida ishlaganida (amakivachchasi bilan) Jozef Medil Patterson ) 1910 yilda Tribuna Chikagoning sakkizta kundalik gazetasi orasida eng ko'p sotilgan uchinchi qog'oz bo'lib, uning tiraji atigi 188 ming nusxani tashkil etdi.[17] Yosh amakivachchalar maslahat ustunlari va uyda o'sgan chiziq chiziqlar kabi xususiyatlarni qo'shdilar Kichkina etim Enni va Oy Mullins. Ular siyosiy "salib yurishlarini" targ'ib qilishdi va birinchi muvaffaqiyati Illinoys shtatidagi respublikachilarning siyosiy boshlig'i Senning hokimiyatdan chetlashtirilishi bilan sodir bo'ldi. Uilyam Lorimer.[17] Shu bilan birga, Tribuna Hearst qog'ozi bilan raqobatlashdi Chicago Examiner, tiraj urushida. 1914 yilga kelib, amakivachchalar boshqaruvchi muharrir Uilyam Kilini majburan chiqarib yuborishga muvaffaq bo'lishdi. 1918 yilga kelib Ekspert bilan birlashishga majbur bo'ldi Chikago Herald.

Tribuna 1919 yilda

1919 yilda Patterson chap tomonni tark etdi Tribuna va o'zining Nyu-York gazetasini chiqarish uchun Nyu-Yorkka ko'chib o'tdi Daily News.[17] Hearst's bilan yangilangan tiraj urushida Herald-Examiner, Makkormik va Xerst 1922 yilda raqobatdosh lotereyalarni o'tkazdilar Tribuna 250 ming o'quvchini o'z safiga qo'shib, jangda g'alaba qozondi. Shuningdek, 1922 yilda Chicago Tribune xalqaro musobaqaga mezbonlik qildi dizayn tanlovi uning yangi bosh qarorgohi uchun Tribuna minorasi. Tanlov yorqin reklama sifatida ishladi va 260 dan ortiq ariza qabul qilindi. G'olib a neo-gotik Nyu-York me'morlari tomonidan loyihalash John Mead Howells va Raymond Gud.

Gazeta 1929 yilda Arktika aviatsiyasida kashshof tashabbusni qo'llab-quvvatladi, bu butun Evropaga sayohat qilishga harakat qildi Grenlandiya va Islandiya a Sikorskiy amfibiya samolyoti.[18] Ammo, samolyot muz bilan 1929 yil 15-iyulda vayron qilingan Ungava ko'rfazi uchida Labrador, Kanada. Ekipajni Kanadaning ilmiy kemasi qutqarib qoldi CSS Akadiya.[19]

The Tribuna'Innovatsiyalarning obro'si radioga qadar tarqaldi - 1924 yilda WDAP nomli dastlabki stantsiyani sotib olib, uning nomini o'zgartirdi WGN (AM), stantsiya harflarni chaqirish gazetaning o'zini "Dunyoning eng buyuk gazetasi" deb ta'riflashi tarafdori. WGN Television 1948 yil 5-aprelda ishga tushirilgan. Ushbu radioeshittirish stantsiyalari saqlanib qoldi Tribuna to'qqiz yil davomida mulk va mamlakatdagi eng qadimgi gazeta / translyatsiya xoch egaliklaridan biri bo'lgan. (The Tribuna'Nyu-Yorkning Sharqiy qirg'og'idagi birodar Daily News, keyinchalik tashkil etilgan WPIX televizion va radio.)

The Tribuna'afsonaviy sport muharriri Arch Ward yaratgan Beysbolning oliy liga yulduzlari o'yini 1933 yilda shahar tarkibida Taraqqiyot asri ekspozitsiya.

1940 yildan 1943 yilgacha qog'oz o'zining chiziq chiziqlarini taqdim etdi Chikago Tribuna hajviy kitobi, ning yangi muvaffaqiyatiga javoban hajviy kitoblar. Shu bilan birga, u yanada muvaffaqiyatli va uzoq umr ko'rishni boshladi Ruhlar bo'limi bu ham gazetalarning yangi vosita bilan raqobatlashishga urinishi edi.[20]

Makkormik boshqaruvi ostida Tribuna chempioni bo'lgan o'zgartirilgan imlo soddaligi uchun (masalan, "garchi" "altho" yozilishi kabi).[21][22] Respublikachilar partiyasining kuchli tashviqotchisi Makkormik 1955 yilda, Demokratlar partiyasidan to'rt kun oldin vafot etdi Richard J. Deyli birinchi marta shahar hokimi etib saylandi.

Kattalashgan kepkalardan biri Tribuna matnini olganida tarix paydo bo'ldi Versal shartnomasi 1919 yil iyun oyida. Yana biri uning arafasida Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining urush rejalarini ochishi edi Pearl Harbor hujum. The Tribuna'1942 yil 7-iyun, birinchi sahifada Qo'shma Shtatlar Yaponiyaning dengiz kodini buzganligi to'g'risida e'lon qilingan qog'oz, bu juda ehtiyotkorlik bilan saqlanadigan harbiy sirni oshkor qildi.[23] Amerikaliklar dushmanning dengiz kodlarini buzganligini ko'rsatadigan voqea tsenzuradan tozalanmagan va AQSh prezidenti bo'lgan Franklin D. Ruzvelt shu qadar g'azablanganki, u o'chirib qo'yishni o'ylardi Tribuna.[24][25][26][27]

1948 yil AQShda prezident saylovi

Man in gray suit and wire glasses holding newspaper that says
Truman 1948 yilgi saylovda yutqazishi kutilgan edi va Chicago Tribune noto'g'ri sarlavha bilan chiqdi "Devi Trumanni mag'lub etdi ".

Qog'oz, paytida qilingan xato tufayli yaxshi ma'lum 1948 yil prezident saylovi. O'sha paytda uning kompozitsiya xonasi xodimlarining aksariyati ish tashlashda edi. Dastlabki qaytishlar muharrirlarni (mamlakatdagi ko'pchilik qatori) respublikachilar nomzodiga ishonishiga olib keldi Tomas Devi g'alaba qozonadi. Ertasi kuni chop etilgan gazetaning dastlabki nashrida "sarlavha bilan chiqdiDevi Trumanni mag'lub etdi ", qog'ozni kollektsion buyumga aylantirish. Demokrat Garri S. Truman g'olib chiqdi va g'urur bilan suratga olingan suratda gazetani bezatdi Sent-Luis ittifoqi stantsiyasi. Sarlavha ostida a yolg'on maqola, G'arbiy qirg'oqdagi natijalarni tavsiflash uchun da'vo qilingan Artur Sears Henning tomonidan yozilgan, ammo Sharqiy qirg'oqdagi saylovlar natijalari oldin yozilgan.

Pulitser mukofotlari

Polkovnik Makkormik buni oldini oldi Tribuna yilda qatnashganidan beri Pulitser mukofoti musobaqa. Ammo bu yillar davomida 25 ta mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi, shu jumladan ko'pchilik uchun tahririyat yozuvi.[28][29][30] The Tribuna birinchi McCormick Pulitserni 1961 yilda qo'lga kiritdi, qachon Kerey Orr tahririyat karikaturasi uchun mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi. Muxbir Jorj Biss hisobot va muxbir uchun keyingi yil Pulitserni qo'lga kiritdi Bill Jons boshqasi 1971 yilda hisobot berish uchun.[28] Hisobot jamoasi 1973 yilda mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi, keyin esa muxbir Uilyam Mullen va fotograf Ovie Karter 1975 yilda xalqaro hisobot uchun Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi. 1976 yilda mahalliy hisobot jamoasi mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi va me'morchilik tanqidchisi Pol Gapp 1979 yilda Pulitserga sazovor bo'ldi.[28]

Votergeyt yillari

1969 yilda noshir rahbarligida Garold Grumhaus va muharriri Kleyton Kirkpatrik (1915-2004), Tribuna kengroq nuqtai nazardan hisobot berishni boshladi. Gazeta tahririyatlarida respublikachilik va konservativ nuqtai nazarini saqlab qoldi, ammo u turli xil fikrlar spektrini aks ettiruvchi kengroq sharhlarda o'z istiqbollarini e'lon qila boshladi, ammo uning yangiliklari Makkormik yillarida konservativ moyillikka ega emas edi.

1974 yil 1 mayda jurnalistikaning katta yutug'i bilan Tribuna ning 246000 so'zdan iborat to'liq matnini nashr etdi Watergate lentalari, ko'chirmalar ko'chirilgandan 24 soat o'tgach ko'chalarga chiqqan 44 sahifali qo'shimchada Nikson oq uy. Faqat emas edi Tribuna stenogrammani nashr etgan birinchi gazeta, ammo u AQShni mag'lub etdi Davlat bosmaxonasi nashr etilgan versiyasi va buni amalga oshirishda sarlavhalar paydo bo'ldi.[tushuntirish kerak ]

Bir hafta o'tgach, stsenariylarni o'rganib chiqib, gazeta tahririyati "amerikaliklar prezidentdan kutish huquqiga ega bo'lgan buyuk tamoyillarga yuqori sadoqat, stenogramma yozuvlarida yo'qolib qolgan". The Tribuna's muharrirlari "aql-idrokli hech kim [stenogrammani] o'qiy olmaydi va janob Nikson Prezidentlik standartlari va qadr-qimmatini qo'llab-quvvatlagan deb o'ylay olmaydi" degan xulosaga keldi va Niksonni iste'foga chiqishga chaqirdi. The Tribuna Niksonni iste'foga chiqarishga chaqirgan yangiliklar, bu nafaqat gazetada qo'llaniladigan konservatizm turining o'zgarishini, balki Niksonning o'z lavozimida omon qolish umidlari nuqtai nazaridan suv havzasi bo'lgan voqeani aks ettirdi. Oq uy xabarlarga ko'ra Tribuna'Uzoq vaqtdan beri qo'llab-quvvatlovchisini yo'qotish va Niksonning janjalni engish umidiga zarba sifatida tahririyat.

1975 yil 7-dekabrda Kirkpatrik tahririyat sahifasidagi ustunida e'lon qildi Rik Soll, gazetasi uchun "yosh va iste'dodli sharhlovchi", uning ishi "ko'pchilik orasida muxlislarni qo'llab-quvvatladi Tribuna So'nggi ikki yil ichida o'quvchilar "gazetadan iste'foga chiqdilar. U 1975 yil 23-noyabrda yozgan maqolasida 1967 yilda boshqa bir sharhlovchi tomonidan yozilgan va keyinchalik to'plamda nashr etilgan so'zma-so'z parchalar borligini tan oldi. Kirkpatrick kolumnistni aniqlamadi. Kirkpatrikning yozishicha, Soll eslab qolmoqchi bo'lgan so'zlarni, iboralarni va suhbat qismlarini muntazam ravishda kiritib turadigan daftardan bo'lgan. Gazeta dastlab Sollni bir oyga haq to'lamay to'xtatib qo'ygan. Kirkpatrik qo'shimcha dalillar topilganligi haqida yozgan. Sollning yana bir ustunida u yolg'on ekanligini biladigan ma'lumotlar mavjud edi. Tribuna ichki tekshiruv boshlanganda muharrirlar Soll tomonidan berilgan iste'foni qabul qilishga qaror qilishdi.[31]

Ketgandan keyin Soll uylandi Pam Zekman, Chikago gazetasi (va kelajakdagi televidenie) muxbiri. U qisqa muddatli uchun ishlagan Chicago Times 1980 yillarning oxirlarida jurnal.

1977 yil yanvar oyida, Tribuna kolonnist Uill Leonard 64 yoshida vafot etdi.[32]

1978 yil mart oyida Tribuna kolumnistni yollaganligini e'lon qildi Bob Grin dan Chikago Sun-Times.[33]

1980 va 1990 yillar

Kirkpatrik 1979 yilda muharrirlik lavozimidan ketdi va uning o'rnini egalladi Maksvell Makkrohon (1928-2004), 1981 yilgacha muharrir bo'lib ishlagan. U korporativ lavozimga o'tdi. Makkrohon 1983 yilgacha korporativ lavozimni egallab, u bosh muharrir lavozimiga ketgan United Press International. Jeyms Skvayr 1981 yil iyuldan 1989 yil dekabrgacha gazetaning muharriri bo'lib ishlagan.

Jek Fuller sifatida xizmat qilgan Tribuna1989 yildan 1993 yilgacha u prezident va bosh ijrochi direktori bo'lgan muharriri Chicago Tribune. Xovard Tyner sifatida xizmat qilgan Tribuna1993 yildan 2001 yilgacha Tribune Publishing vitse-prezidenti / muharriri lavozimiga ko'tarilgan muharriri.

The Tribuna 1980 va 1990 yillar davomida 11 Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.[28] Tahririyat karikaturachisi Dik Loker 1983 yilda mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi va tahririyat karikaturachisi Jeff MakNelly 1985 yilda bittadan g'olib chiqdi. Keyin kelajakdagi muharrir Jek Fuller 1986 yilda muharrirlik yozuvi uchun Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi. 1987 yilda muxbirlar Jeff Lion va Piter Gorner tushuntirishli reportajlari uchun Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'lishdi, 1988 yilda Din Baquet, Uilyam Geyns va Ann Mari Lipinski surishtiruv reportajlari uchun Pulitserga sazovor bo'ldi. 1989 yilda, Lois Vill tahririyat yozuvi uchun Pulitserga sazovor bo'ldi va Klarens Peyj sharh uchun mukofotni tortib oldi. 1994 yilda, Ron Kotulak tushuntirishli jurnalistikasi uchun Pulitserga sazovor bo'ldi, ammo R. Bryus Dold uni tahririyat yozuvi uchun qo'lga kiritdi. 1998 yilda muxbir Pol Salopek tushuntirishli yozish uchun Pulitser, 1999 yilda esa me'morchilik tanqidchisi Bler Kamin tanqid uchun uni qo'lga kiritdi.[28]

1981 yil sentyabr oyida beysbol yozuvchisi Jerom Xoltsman tomonidan yollangan Tribuna 38 yillik karerasidan so'ng Sun-Times.

1982 yil noyabrda, Tribuna 1971 yilda Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan Uilyam H. "Bill" Jons boshqaruvchisi, 43 yoshida uzoq muddatli jang natijasida asoratlar natijasida yurak xuruji tufayli vafot etdi. leykemiya.[34]

1983 yil may oyida, Tribuna ustunli Aaron Gold 45 yoshida vafot etdi leykemiya.[35] Oltin Tribuna "Inc" ga hammualliflik qilgan. bilan ustun Maykl Sneed va undan oldin gazetaning "Tower Ticker" ustunini yozgan.

The Tribuna 1984 yilda mashhur kolonnistni yollaganida davlat to'ntarishini amalga oshirdi Mayk Royko raqibdan uzoqda Sun-Times.[36]

1986 yilda Tribuna film tanqidchisini e'lon qildi Gen Siskel, Tribuna'taniqli yozuvchi, endi gazetaning kino tanqidchisi emas edi va uning gazetadagi mavqei to'la vaqtli kino tanqidchisidan frantsuz kontrakt yozuvchisi lavozimiga o'tib, kino sanoati haqida yozishi kerak edi. Yakshanba kuni chop etiladigan qog'oz va shuningdek, gazetaning ko'ngilochar bo'limlari uchun kapsula filmlarini sharhlarini taqdim eting. Kamayish Siskel va Chikagodagi uzoq yillik tanqidchi hamkasbidan keyin sodir bo'ldi Rojer Ebert o'zlarining haftalik film-obzor namoyishini ishlab chiqarishni o'zgartirishga qaror qildilar Gen Siskel va Rojer Ebert ishtirokidagi filmlarda va keyinchalik sifatida tanilgan Siskel va Ebert va filmlar - dan Tribuna Entertainment ga Uolt Disney kompaniyasi "s Buena Vista televizion kanali birlik. "U biz uchun juda yaxshi ish qildi", deb aytgan edi o'sha paytda muharrir Jeyms Skvayr. "Bu odam jismonan qanchadan qancha ish qila olishi mumkinligi haqida savol. Siz avval gazeta xodimi bo'lishingiz kerak deb o'ylaymiz va Gen Siskel har doim bunga harakat qilgan. Ammo mansab shu qadar katta bo'ladiki, mana shu qadar katta bo'ladiki, siz ololmaysiz. buni qiling. " Siskel yangi tartib haqida izoh berishdan bosh tortdi, ammo Ebert Siskelnikini tanqid qildi Tribuna o'zlarining televizion dasturlarini Tribune Entertainment-dan boshqa kompaniyaga olib borganligi uchun Siskelni jazolash uchun boshliqlar.[37] 1999 yilda vafot etguniga qadar Siskel ushbu erkin lavozimda qoldi. Uning o'rnini kino tanqidchisi egalladi Deyv Kehr.[38]

1988 yil fevral oyida Tribuna chet ellik muxbir Jonatan Broder 1988 yil 22 fevralda Broder tomonidan yozilgan Tribuna maqolasida boshqa bir yozuvchi Joel Grinberg tomonidan yozilgan 10 kun ichida chop etilgan ustunidan atributsiz olingan bir qancha jumla va iboralarni o'z ichiga olganidan so'ng iste'foga chiqdi. oldinroq Quddus Post.[39][40]

1988 yil avgustda, Chicago Tribune muxbir Maykl Kakli 41 yoshida vafot etdi OITS.[41]

1992 yil noyabrda, Tribuna sherik mavzu muharriri Searle "Ed" Hawley Chikago politsiyasi tomonidan hibsga olingan va ettita og'ir jinoyatda jinsiy zo'ravonlikda ayblanib, o'z uyida uch balog'atga etmagan bola bilan jinsiy aloqada bo'lganligi uchun ayblangan. Evanston, Illinoys.[42] Xolli 1993 yil boshida rasman ishdan bo'shatilgan va 1993 yil aprelda aybini tan olgan. U 3 yillik qamoq jazosiga hukm qilingan.[43]

O'sha paytdagi g'ayrioddiy harakatda Tribuna 1993 yil oktabrda o'zining uzoq yillik harbiy ishlari bo'yicha yozuvchisi, iste'fodagi dengiz piyodasi Devid Evansni milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha yozuvchiga ega bo'lish uchun harbiy ishlar lavozimidan voz kechish to'g'risida jamoatchilik pozitsiyasi bilan ishdan bo'shatdi.[44]

1993 yil dekabrda Tribuna'uzoq yillik Vashington, DC byurosi rahbari, Nikolas Xrok, ushbu muharrirning yig'ilishida qatnashmaslikni tanlagandan so'ng, lavozimidan olib tashlandi Xovard Tyner undan Chikagoda so'radi.[45] Ko'p o'tmay qog'ozni tark etgan Xrok o'rnini egalladi Jeyms Uorren, yangi e'tiborni jalb qilgan Tribuna'Vashingtonda doimiy taniqli jurnalistlarga qarshi hujumlarini davom ettirish orqali DC byurosi.

1993 yil dekabrda ham Tribuna yollangan Margaret Xolt dan Janubiy Florida Sun-Sentinel uning muharriri sport bo'yicha boshqaruvchi yordamchisi sifatida, uni mamlakatning eng yirik 10 gazetasida sport bo'limini boshqargan birinchi ayolga aylantirdi.[46] 1995 yil o'rtalarida Xolt Tim Franklin tomonidan sport muharriri sifatida almashtirildi va yangi yaratilgan ish joyiga, mijozlarga xizmat ko'rsatish muharririga o'tdi.[47]

1994 yilda muxbir Brenda sen tomonidan ishdan bo'shatilgan Tribuna supermarketning tabloid gazetalari uchun bepul kredit bergandan va fotosuratlarni ularga qarz bergandan keyin Tribuna'foto kutubxonasi.[33] Keyinchalik siz uchun ishladingiz National Enquirer uchun ishlab chiqaruvchi sifatida Jerri Springer shousi 2005 yil noyabr oyida o'z joniga qasd qilishdan oldin.[48]

1994 yil aprel oyida Tribuna'yangi televizion tanqidchi, Ken Parish Perkins, haqida maqola yozgan-WFLD ertalab yangiliklar langarasi Bob Sirott unda Perkins Sirotning keyinchalik Sirot rad etgan bayonotini berganini keltirgan. Sirot efirda Perkinsni tanqid qildi va Tribuna keyinchalik Sirot hech qachon bunday bayonot bermaganligini tan olgan tuzatish chop etdi.[49] Sakkiz oy o'tgach, Perkins televizion tanqidchi lavozimidan ketdi va ko'p o'tmay u qog'ozni tark etdi.[50]

1995 yil dekabrda haftalik muqobil Yangilik taxallusli Klara Xamonning (asarda tilga olingan ism) birinchi shaxs maqolasini chop etdi Old sahifa ), lekin tezda aniqlandi Tribuna avvalgi jurnalistlar kabi Tribuna muxbir Meri Xill gazetaning bir yillik yashash dasturini qattiq tanqid qilgan. Dastur yosh jurnalistlarni bir yillik ish uchun qog'ozga olib kirdi va kamdan-kam hollarda doimiy ish bilan ta'minlandi. 1992 yildan 1993 yilgacha qog'ozga yozgan Xill, buni tan oldi Chikago o'quvchisi u diatribe dastlab Internet uchun yozganligi va oxir-oqibat asar tahrir qilinganligi Yangilik.[51]

1997 yilda, Tribuna 150 yillik yubileyini qisman uzoq yillik muxbirga tegish bilan nishonladi Stivenson Suonson kitobni tahrirlash Chikago kunlari: Buyuk shahar hayotining 150 daqiqasi.

1997 yil 29 aprelda mashhur kolumnist Mayk Royko a vafot etdi miya anevrizmasi. 1997 yil 2 sentyabrda Tribuna uzoq vaqt davomida shahar hokimligi muxbirining lavozimida ishlagan Jon Kass Roykoning o'rnini gazetaning asosiy sahifasi sifatida davom ettirish. Ikkinchi sahifa yangiliklar sharhlovchisi.[52]

1997 yil 1 iyunda Tribuna tomonidan juda mashhur bo'lgan ustunga aylangan narsalarni nashr etdi Meri Shmich "Yoshlar singari maslahat, ehtimol yoshlarga shunchaki sarf qilingan" deb nomlangan, aks holda "Quyoshdan himoya qiluvchi kremdan foydalaning "yoki" Quyoshdan himoya qiluvchi nutq ". Essening eng mashhur va taniqli shakli - bu akkreditatsiyadan o'tgan 1999 yilda chiqarilgan muvaffaqiyatli musiqiy singl. Baz Luhrmann.

1998 yilda muxbir Jerri Tomas ishdan bo'shatildi Tribuna u boks promouteri haqida muqova maqolasi yozganidan keyin Don King uchun Emerge bir vaqtning o'zida u "The King" uchun muqovada maqola yozayotgan edi Chicago Tribune Sunday jurnali. Qog'oz Tomasni ishdan bo'shatishga qaror qildi va uning fotosuratini to'xtatib qo'ydi Emerge hikoya, Pulitser mukofoti sovrindori Tribuna fotograf Ovie Karter bir oy davomida - chunki Tomas aytmagan Tribuna uning tashqi ishi haqida, shuningdek Emerge birinchi bo'lib bosma nashrda paydo bo'lgan voqea tugadi.[53]

1999 yil 6 iyunda Tribuna frilanser yozuvchi Gabi Plattnerdan uchuvchi uchun sodir bo'lgan taxminiy voqeani tasvirlab bergan birinchi shaxsning sayohat haqidagi maqolasini chop etdi Air Zimbabve samolyot uchib ketayotganda, u samolyot uchuvchisiz uchib ketayotgan edi avtopilot Natijada kabinaning eshigini teshish uchun katta bolta ishlatish kerak edi.[54] Aviakompaniya vakili ushbu gazetaga "umuman haqiqatga mos bo'lmagan, professional bo'lmagan va bizning aviakompaniyamizga zarar etkazuvchi" deb nomlangan uzun xat yozgan va Air Zimbabve o'z samolyotida bolta tutmasligini va hech qachon to'liq ekipajsiz uchmasligini tushuntirib bergan;[55] va gazeta Plattner "endi u boshidan kechirgan narsa sifatida eshitgan hikoyasini o'tqazayotganini aytmoqda" degan tuzatmani chop etishga majbur bo'ldi.[54]

The Tribuna foizga ega bo'lib, Internetda etakchi o'rinni egallab kelgan America Online 1990-yillarning boshlarida, keyin Chicagotribune.com (1995) kabi veb-saytlarni ishga tushirish, Metromix.com (1996), ChicagoSports.com (1999), ChicagoBreakingNews.com (2008) va Endi Chikago (2009). 2002 yilda gazeta 18 dan 34 yoshgacha bo'lganlarga mo'ljallangan tabloid nashrini chiqardi Qizil ko'z.

2000-yillar

Ann Mari Lipinski 2001 yil fevraldan 2008 yil 17 iyulda lavozimini tark etguniga qadar gazeta muharriri bo'lgan. Gerould V. Kern 2008 yil iyul oyida gazeta muharriri deb nomlangan.[56] 2008 yil avgust oyining boshida yangiliklar muharriri Xanke Gratto iste'foga chiqdi va bir necha hafta o'tgach, funktsiyalar uchun muharrirni boshqardi Jeyms Uorren iste'foga chiqdi.[57] Ikkalasi ham almashtirildi Jeyn Xirt, ilgari. ning muharriri bo'lgan Tribuna's Qizil ko'z tabloid.[57]

2000 yil iyun oyida Times Mirror Tribune Company ishlab chiqarish bilan birlashdi Baltimor quyoshi va uning jamoatchilik hujjatlari Baltimor Sun Media Group / Patuxent Publishing Tribune sho'ba korxonasi.[58][59]

2000 yil iyul oyida Tribune ochiq havoda yozuvchisi, yangi jigar transplantatsiyasiga muhtojligi to'g'risida yozgan, jonli donordan yangi jigarning bir qismini olgandan bir hafta o'tib, 63 yoshida vafot etdi.[60]

Tribunening Baltimor jamoatchilik hujjatlari Arbutus Times, Baltimor xabarchisi, Catonsville Times, Columbia Flier, Howard County Times, Jeffersonian, Dafna rahbari, Hayotiy vaqt, Shimoliy okrug yangiliklari, Shimoli-sharqiy kuchaytirgich, Shimoliy-sharqiy muxbir, Owings Mills Timesva Tovson Tayms.

The Howard County Times Shahar atrofidagi gazetalar birlashmasi tomonidan 2010 yilning eng yaxshi gazetasi deb topildi.[61]

The Tovson Tayms Tovson hududidan tashqarida qamrovni kengaytiradi va Baltimor okrugi hukumati va siyosatini o'z ichiga oladi.[62][63]

The Tribuna 21-asrning birinchi o'n yilligida beshta Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.[28] Salopek o'zining ikkinchi Pulitserini qo'lga kiritdi Tribuna 2001 yilda xalqaro hisobot uchun va o'sha yili tushuntirishli hisobot guruhi - etakchi yozuvchilar Luiza Kiernan, Jon Xilkevich, Laurie Cohen, Robert Manor, Endryu Martin, Jon Shmeltzer, Aleks Rodrigez va Endryu Zayak - AQShning xaotik havo harakati tizimining profili uchun sharafga sazovor bo'ldi.[28][64] 2003 yilda tahririyat muallifi Korneliya Grumman tahririyat yozuvi uchun mukofotni yutib yubordi.[28] 2005 yilda, Julia Keller to'fon haqida xabar bergani uchun Pulitserni yutib oldi Utica, Illinoys.[28] Va 2008 yilda tergov hisobot guruhi, shu jumladan Patrisiya Kallaxan, Moris Possli, Sem Rou, Ted Gregori, Maykl Oneal, Evan Osnos va fotomuxbir Skott Strazzante Pulitserni nomukammal o'yinchoqlar, beshiklar va avtomobil o'rindiqlarini davlat tomonidan noto'g'ri tartibga solinishi haqidagi seriyasi uchun g'olib chiqdi.[28][65]

2001 yil oxirida sport ustunligi Maykl Xolli u tark etishini e'lon qildi Tribuna atigi ikki oydan so'ng, u vatanni sog'indi.[66] U oxir-oqibat qaytib keldi Boston Globe, u oldin darhol ishlagan Tribuna uni yollagan edi.[66]

2002 yil 15 sentyabrda Lipinski birdaniga bitta varaq yozib, o'quvchilarga gazetaning uzoq yillik sharhlovchisi, Bob Grin, "bir necha yil oldin o'zining gazetasi ustuni bilan bog'liq holda tanishgan o'spirin yoshidagi qiz bilan noo'rin jinsiy xatti-harakatni sodir etganligini" tan olganidan so'ng darhol iste'foga chiqdi. Keyinchalik bu xatti-harakatlar 1988 yilda Illinoys shtatida yoshi kelishgan ayol bilan sodir bo'lganligi aniqlandi. «Grinning xatti-harakati jiddiy buzilish edi Tribuna uning jurnalistlari uchun axloq qoidalari va me'yorlari "deb yozgan Lipinski." Biz xatti-harakatlarimizdan, uning yosh ayolga bo'lgan ta'siridan va bu oshkor qilish bizning o'quvchilarimizning "Grin" va ushbu gazetaga bo'lgan ishonchiga bo'lgan ta'siridan chuqur afsusdamiz. "[67][68]

2003 yil yanvar oyida, Mayk Dauni, ilgari Los Anjeles Tayms, yangi sifatida yollangan Tribuna sport ustunligi. U va uning hamkasbi Rik Morrissi yozishgan "Uyg'oning yangiliklar" ustunida tomonidan kelib chiqqan Ring Lardner.

2004 yil mart oyida Tribuna bu mustaqil muxbirni e'lon qildi Uli Shmetzer, kim nafaqaga chiqqan Tribuna chet ellik muxbir sifatida 16 yildan so'ng 2002 yilda, bir hikoyasida keltirgan kishining ismi va kasbini to'qib chiqardi. Gazeta Shmetzerni shartnoma bo'yicha muxbir sifatida tugatdi va Shmetzer oldingi uch yil davomida yozgan 300 ta hikoyani ko'rib chiqishni boshladi.[69]

2004 yil may oyida Tribuna bu mustaqil muxbirni oshkor qildi Mark Falanga 2004 yil 18 aprelda Chikago restoranidagi qimmatbaho tushlik haqida, ya'ni restoran bir shisha suv uchun 15 dollar va makaron ovqatlari uchun 35 dollar olganligi haqidagi turmush tarziga oid ustunga qo'shib qo'ygan ba'zi faktlarni tekshirib ko'rmadi. . "So'roq paytida frilanser yozuvchi ustun uchta restoranning birlashmasiga asoslanganligini va narxlarni aniqlay olmaganligini ko'rsatdi", deb yozadi nashr.[70][71] Tuzatishdan so'ng Tribuna Falanga ishlatishni to'xtatdi.

2004 yil oktyabr oyida, Tribuna muharriri Ann Mari Lipinski so'nggi daqiqada mustaqil muxbir tomonidan gazetaning WomanNews bo'limi uchun yozilgan hikoya paydo bo'ldi Liza Bertagnoli "Siz buni aytolmaysiz (yoki aytolmaysizmi?)" deb nomlangan vulgarizm.[72] Qog'oz har bir zaxira korpusga borishni buyurdi Tribuna'matbaa zavodi 2004 yil 27 oktyabrdagi oldindan chop etilgan bo'limlar to'plamidan hikoyani o'z ichiga olgan allaqachon chop etilgan WomanNews bo'limlarini jalb qiladi. Tribuna.[72]

2008 yil sentyabr oyida Tribuna munozarali sport ustunligini yollash to'g'risida o'ylab ko'rdi Jey Mariotti, uning keskin iste'fosidan ko'p o'tmay Tribuna arxiv Chikago Sun-Times.[73] Muhokamalar oxir-oqibat tugadi, ammo keyin Sun-Times 2009 yil avgustigacha davom etishi kerak bo'lgan Mariottining raqobatdosh bo'lmagan shartnomasini buzganligi uchun sudga murojaat qilish bilan tahdid qildi.[73] Sport sharhlovchisi Rik Morrissi tomon yo'l oldi Sun-Times 2009 yil dekabrda.

2009 yil aprel oyida 55 ta Tribuna muxbirlari va muharrirlari Kernga va boshqaruvchi muharrir Jeyn Xirtga yuborilgan elektron pochtaga o'z ismlarini imzoladilar, gazetaning marketing bo'limi nima uchun nashr etilishidan oldin obunachilarning fikr-mulohazalarini so'raganligi to'g'risida savol berishdi va bu amaliyotni oshirishni taklif qilishdi. axloqiy savollar, shuningdek huquqiy va raqobatbardosh masalalar. Jurnalistlar o'zlarining muammolari haqida Assoshieyted Pressga yozib olishdan bosh tortdilar. "Biz elektron pochtani o'zi uchun gapirishga ruxsat beramiz", dedi muxbir Jon Cheyz APga. Qarama-qarshiliklar ortidan Kern bu harakatni birdan to'xtatib qo'ydi va uni "bozorni qisqacha o'rganish loyihasi" deb ta'rifladi.[74]

21-asrning birinchi o'n yilligida, Tribuna reklama daromadlarining sanoat miqyosidagi pasayishiga qarshi kurashganligi sababli, xodimlarni ishdan bo'shatish va ishdan bo'shatish orqali xodimlarni bir necha marta qisqartirishga muvaffaq bo'ldi:

  • 2005 yil dekabr oyida Tribuna 28 ta tahririyat lavozimini sotib olish va ishdan bo'shatish kombinatsiyasi orqali, shu jumladan gazeta tarixidagi birinchi ishdan bo'shatish deb hisoblangan ishlarni olib tashladi.[75] Ushbu turda gazetani tark etgan jurnalistlar orasida Kerol Kleyman, Bill Jauss va Konni Lauerman ham bor edi.[75]
  • 2007 yil iyun oyida 25 ga yaqin yangiliklar xonasi ishchilari, shu jumladan taniqli liniyalarni sotib olishdi Charlz Madigan, Maykl Xirsli va Ronald Kotulak, taniqli fotograf bilan birga Pit Souza.[76]
  • 2008 yil mart oyida gazeta, taxminan 25 ta yangiliklar xonasi xodimlarini, shu jumladan sport mualliflarini sotib oldi Sem Smit.[77]
  • 2008 yil 15 avgustda Tribuna 40 dan ortiq yangiliklar va boshqa tahririyat xodimlarini, shu jumladan jurnalistlar Rik Popeli, Rey Kintanilani, Lyov Fridman, Maykl Martines va Robert Manor.[78]
  • Shuningdek, 2008 yil avgust oyida tahririyatning 36 ga yaqin xodimi ixtiyoriy ravishda sotib oldi yoki iste'foga chiqdi, shu jumladan Maykl Takett, Ron Silverman, Timoti MakNalti, Ed Sherman, Evan Osnos, Stiv Franklin, Mauris Possli, Xanke Gratto, Chak Osgood va Skip Myslenski .[78][79][80][81]
  • 2008 yil 12 noyabrda gazetaning Vashingtondagi byurosidagi beshta tahririyat xodimi, shu jumladan ishdan bo'shatildi John Crewdson.[82]
  • 2008 yil 4-dekabrda 11 ta tahririyat xodimi ishdan bo'shatildi, bitta sport sharhlovchisi bilan, Mayk Dauni, shartnomasi uzaytirilmaganida bir necha hafta oldin ketgan. Nil Milbert, Stivenson Suonson, Liza Anderson, Fil Marti, Charlz Storch, Kortni Flinn va Debora Xoran ishdan bo'shatilgan taniqli qatorlar.[83]
  • 2009 yil fevral oyida Tribuna 20 ga yaqin tahririyat xodimlarini, shu jumladan bir nechta xorijiy muxbirlarni va ba'zi bir muxbirlarni va muharrirlarni ishdan bo'shatdi, garchi bir nechtasi, shu jumladan Charlz Leru va Jef Lion texnik jihatdan sotib olishdi. Ruxsat etilganlar orasida jurnalistlar Emili Nann, Syuzan Chandler, Kristin Spolar va Djoel Grinberg ham bor edi.[84][85][86]
  • 2009 yil 22 aprelda gazetada 53 nafar xodim ishdan bo'shatildi, shu qatorda Patrik Reardon, Melissa Isaacson, Russell Working, Jo Napolitano, Syuzen Diesenhouse, Bet Botts, Lou Carlozo, Jessica Reaves, Tom Hundley, Alan Artner, Erik Benderoff, Jeyms P. Miller, Bob Sakamoto, Terri Bannon va Jon Mullin.[87] Bu raqam Crain-ning Chikago Business ilgari e'lon qilingan 90 ta yangiliklar xonasidagi ish joylaridan kamroq edi.[85][88]

The Tribuna 2009 yil 29 mayda bir nechta talabalar Illinoys universitetiga maktabning Vasiylik kengashi, Chikago siyosatchilari va a'zolari tomonidan qilingan aloqalar yoki tavsiyalar asosida qabul qilinganligi haqidagi hikoyani buzdi. Rod Blagojevich ma'muriyat. Dastlab "I toifa" deb nomlangan qabul dasturi mavjudligini inkor etgan universitet prezidenti B. Jozef "Djo" Uayt va kantsler Richard Xerman keyinchalik imtiyozli imtiyozlar mavjudligini tan olishdi. Garchi ular ro'yxat qisqa va ularning roli unchalik katta emasligini da'vo qilishsa ham Tribuna, xususan, FOIA orqali elektron pochta xabarlarini e'lon qildi, chunki Uayt sudlangan mablag 'yig'ish uchun qarindoshi uchun tavsiya olgan Toni Rezko qabul qilish. Keyinchalik, Tribuna gazetasi Herman tomonidan malakasiz talabalarni qabul qilishga undagan elektron xabarlarni joylashtirdi.[89][90] The Tribuna beri universitet ma'muriyatiga qarshi da'vo qo'zg'adi Axborot erkinligi to'g'risidagi qonun ma'muriy ta'sir va noo'rinlikdan foyda ko'rgan talabalar nomlarini sotib olish.

2010 yil

2010 yil 8 fevralda Chicago Tribune gazetasining kengligini bir dyuymga qisqartirdi. Ular yangi format sanoat standartiga aylanib borayotganini va tarkibdagi minimal o'zgarishlar bo'lishini aytishdi.

2011 yil iyul oyida Chicago Tribune Ikki yildan ko'proq vaqt ichida tahririyat xodimlarini ishdan bo'shatishning birinchi bosqichidan o'tdi va 20 ga yaqin muharrir va muxbirlarni qo'yib yubordi.[91] Qo'yib yuborilganlar orasida DuPage County muxbiri ham bor edi Art Barnum, Tahririyat kengashi a'zosi Pat Vidder va fotograf Deyv Perini.[91][92]

2012 yil 15 martda Tribuna 15 tahririyat xodimini, shu jumladan qo'riqchini ishdan bo'shatdi Vendell Smothers (Keyin Smothers 2012 yil 12-noyabrda vafot etdi).[93][94] Shu bilan birga, gazeta oltita tahririyat xodimlariga, shu jumladan Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan muxbir Uilyam Mullen, Barbara Mahani va Nensi Rizga xaridlarni amalga oshirdi.[95]

2012 yil iyun oyida Tribuna's Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan madaniyatshunos Julia Keller fakultetiga qo'shilish uchun qog'ozni qoldirdi Ogayo universiteti va roman yozuvchisi sifatida o'z faoliyatini davom ettirish.[96]

2012 yil sentyabr oyida, Tribuna ta'lim bo'yicha muxbir Joel Hood ko'chmas mulk vositachisi bo'lish uchun gazetadan iste'foga chiqdi, shahar hokimligi muxbiri Kristen Mack qog'ozni Kuk okrugi raisi matbuot kotibi bo'lish uchun qoldirdi. Toni Prekvinkl,[97] va Tribuna Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan fotografni yolladi Jon J. Kim dan Chikago Sun-Times.[98]

2012 yil oktyabr oyida Tribuna'Ilmiy va tibbiyot bo'yicha muxbir Trine Tsouderos jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar firmasiga qo'shilishni tark etdi.[99]

Shuningdek, 2012 yil oktyabr oyida Tribuna 2012 yil 1 noyabrdan boshlab oyiga $ 14.99 narxidagi raqamli obunalarni taqdim etadigan veb-sayti uchun to'lov devorini yaratish rejalarini e'lon qildi. Etti kunlik bosma obunachilar qo'shimcha to'lovisiz cheksiz onlayn kirish huquqiga ega bo'lishadi.[100]

2013 yil fevral oyi oxirida Tribuna TribLocal local-news reportaj guruhining 46 amaldagi va sobiq muxbirlari tomonidan to'lanmagan ortiqcha ish haqi yuzasidan ushbu gazetaga qarshi qo'zg'atilgan ish bo'yicha sud da'vosini hal qilish uchun jami 660 ming dollar to'lashga rozi bo'ldi.[101] Da'vo federal sudga 2010 yil iyulidan 2011 yilning oktyabrigacha TribLocal xodimining muxbiri bo'lgan Kerolin Rusinning nomidan berilgan.[101] Gazetaning TribLocal bo'limi 2007 yilda tashkil topgan va xodimlar muxbirlari, frilanser yozuvchilar va foydalanuvchilar tomonidan yaratilgan tarkibdan foydalanib, Chikago hududidagi giperlokal yangiliklarni ishlab chiqaradi.[101]

2013 yil 12 iyunda Boston marafonidagi portlash Boston sport jamoalari nomlari ustida "Biz Chikago" so'zlari ko'rsatilgan harakatlanuvchi o'lpon yana joylashtirildi.[102] 12 iyundagi grafikada "Bruins" so'zi yirtilib, unga "Ha, hozir emasmiz" degan izoh qo'shildi. 2013 yil Stenli kubogi finallari, o'ynaydigan Chikago Blekxouks qarshi Boston Bruins.[102] Keyinchalik Gerould Kern o'zining tvitterida Tribuna "Siz hali ham [Boston] ni qo'llab-quvvatlamoqda. Biz har qanday huquqbuzarlikdan afsusdamiz. Endi xokkey o'ynaylik."[102]

2013 yil 20-noyabr kuni Tribuna yana 12 ga yaqin tahririyat xodimlarini ishdan bo'shatdi.[103]

2014 yil 6 aprelda Tribuna yakshanba / minnatdorchilik kuni gazetasi gazetasi narxini bitta nusxasi uchun 50 foizga - 2,99 dollarga oshirdi. Yangiliklar narxi 0,75 dollarga yoki 42,9% ga oshib, 2,50 dollarni tashkil etdi.[104] 2017 yil yanvar oyiga kelib narx yana oshdi, ya’ni yangiliklar kassalarida 1 dollar yoki 40 foizga oshib, 3,50 dollarga yetdi. Do'konlarda u 1 dollarga yoki 33,3% ga, 3,99 dollarga ko'tarildi.

2015 yil 28 yanvarda metropoliten muharriri Piter Kendall bir necha oy oldin iste'foga chiqqan Jeyn Xirtning o'rniga boshqaruvchi muharrir deb topildi. Kolin MakMaxon muharrir sifatida tayinlandi.[105]

2016 yil 18 fevralda "Tribuna" gazetasi muharriri Gerould Kernning iste'foga chiqishini va gazetaning tahririyat sahifasi muharriri R. Bryus Doldning "Tribuna" muharriri lavozimiga zudlik bilan ko'tarilishini e'lon qildi.[39]

2020 yil

2020 yil 27 fevralda Tribuna nashri va muharriri Bryus Dold 2020 yil 30 aprelida "Tribuna" dan ketishini va darhol bosh muharrir lavozimidan ketishini e'lon qildi. Uning o'rnini muharrir sifatida Kolin MakMaxon egallaydi. Shuningdek, gazeta gazetaning ikkita boshqaruvchi muharrirlaridan biri Piter Kendallning Tribuna-dan 2020 yil 28 fevralda ketishini e'lon qildi.[106]

Tahririyat siyosati

Tribuna minorasi, Xauells & Qalpoqcha, me'morlar, 1925 yilda ochilgan
Chicago Tribune bino

2007 yilda e'lon qilingan printsiplar bayonotida Tribuna'gazetaning tahririyat kengashi gazetaning falsafasini tasvirlab berdi va undan quyidagilarni olib tashladi:

The Chicago Tribune cheklangan boshqaruvning an'anaviy tamoyillariga ishonadi; maksimal individual javobgarlik; shaxsiy erkinlik, imkoniyat va tadbirkorlikning minimal cheklanishi. U erkin bozorlarga, erkin iroda va so'z erkinligiga ishonadi. Ushbu tamoyillar an'anaviy ravishda konservativ bo'lishiga qaramay, ko'rsatmalardir va refleksiv dogmalar emas.

The Tribuna O'rta G'arb sezgirligini jamoatchilik muhokamasiga olib keladi. Bu tekshirilmagan g'oyalardan shubhali.

The Tribuna places great emphasis on the integrity of government and the private institutions that play a significant role in society. The newspaper does this in the belief that the people cannot consent to be governed unless they have knowledge of, and faith in, the leaders and operations of government. The Tribuna embraces the diversity of people and perspectives in its community. It is dedicated to the future of the Chicago region.

The Tribuna has remained economically conservative, being widely skeptical of increasing the minimum wage and huquq sarflash. Garchi Tribuna criticized the Bush administration's record on civil liberties, the environment, and many aspects of its foreign policy, it continued to support his presidency while taking Democrats, such as Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich va Kuk okrugi raisi Todd Stroger, to task and calling for their removal from office.

2004 yilda, Tribuna endorsed President Jorj V.Bush for re-election, a decision consistent with its longstanding support for the Respublika partiyasi. In 2008, it endorsed Democratic candidate and Illinois junior U.S. Senator Barak Obama —the first time that it had ever endorsed a Democrat for president.[107] The Tribuna endorsed Obama once again for reelection in 2012,[108] and in 2020 would endorse another Democrat, Jo Bayden, who had served as vice president under Obama.[109]

The Tribuna has occasionally backed independent candidates for president. In 1872, it supported Horace Greeley, a former Republican Party newspaper editor,[110] and in 1912 the paper endorsed Teodor Ruzvelt, kim yugurdi Progressive Party slate against Republican President Uilyam Xovard Taft. In 2016, the Tribune endorsed the Ozodlik partiyasi candidate, former New Mexico Governor Gari Jonson, for president, over Republican Donald Tramp va demokrat Hillari Klinton.[111]

Ko'p yillar davomida Tribuna has endorsed some Democrats for lesser offices, including recent endorsements of Bill Foster, Barack Obama for the Senat va demokrat Melissa Bean, kim mag'lub bo'ldi Filipp Kran, Vakillar palatasi ' longest-serving Republican. Garchi Tribuna tasdiqlangan Jorj Rayan in the 1998 Illinois gubernatorial race, the paper subsequently investigated and reported on the scandals surrounding Ryan during his preceding years as Secretary of State. Ryan declined to run for re-election in 2002 and was subsequently indicted, convicted and imprisoned as a result of the scandal.

2018 yildan boshlab, Chicago Tribune va Los Anjeles Tayms have taken down their websites in most European countries due to GDPR,[112] despite the newspapers having had two years to prepare for it.[113]

Tribuna kompaniyasi

Asosiy maqola: Tribuna media

The Chicago Tribune is the founding business unit of Tribuna kompaniyasi (beri qayta nomlangan Tribuna media), which included many newspapers and television stations around the country. In Chicago, Tribune Media owns the WGN radio station (720 AM) and WGN-TV (9-kanal). Tribune Company also owned the Los Anjeles Tayms —which displaced the Tribune as the company's largest property—and the Chikagodagi bolalar beysbol jamoa. The Cubs were sold in 2009; the newspapers spun off in 2014 as Tribune Publishing and, later, Tronc.

Tribune Company owned the New York Daily News from its 1919 founding until its 1991 sale to British newspaper magnate Robert Maksvell. Asoschisi Yangiliklar, Kapitan Jozef Medil Patterson, was a grandson of Joseph Medill and a cousin of Tribuna editor Robert McCormick. Both Patterson and McCormick were enthusiasts of simplified spelling, another hallmark of their papers for many years. In 2008, the Tribune Company sold the Long Island newspaper Yangiliklar kuni —founded in 1940 by Patterson's daughter (and Medill's great-granddaughter), Alisiya Patterson —to Long Island cable TV company Cablevision.

From 1925 to 2018, the Chicago Tribune was housed in the Tribuna minorasi shimolda Michigan Avenue ustida Ajoyib mil. Bino neo-gotik in style, and the design was the winner of an international competition hosted by the Tribune. The Chicago Tribune moved in June 2018 to the Prudential Plaza office complex overlooking Millennium Park after Tribune Media sold Tribune Tower to developers.

Kolumnistlar

2008 yil dizayni

The September 2008 redesign (discussed here[115] ustida Tribuna's web site) was controversial and is largely regarded as an effort in cost-cutting.[116] Since then the newspaper has returned to a more toned down style. The style is more a mix of the old style and a new modern style.

Zell ownership and bankruptcy

In December 2007, the Tribune Company was bought out by Chicago real estate magnate Sem Zell in an $8.2 billion deal. Zell was the company's new chairman.[117] A year after going private, following a $124 million third-quarter loss, the Tribune Company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on December 8, 2008. The company made its filing with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, citing a debt of $13 billion and assets of $7.6 billion.[118]

Sam Zell originally planned to turn the company into a private company through the creation of an ESOP (employee stock ownership plan) within the company, but due to poor management that existed prior to his ownership, this did not work out as well as he intended.[119]

As part of its bankruptcy plan, owner Sam Zell intended to sell the Cubs to reduce debt. This sale has become linked to the corruption charges leading to the December 9, 2008, arrest of former Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich. Specifically, the ex-governor was accused of exploiting the paper's financial trouble in an effort to have several editors fired.[120]

In the bankruptcy, unsecured bondholders of Tribune Co. essentially claimed that ordinary Tribune shareholders participated in a "fraudulent transfer" of wealth.[121]

The law firm Brown Rudnick, representing the Aurelius group of junior creditors, filed fraudulent transfer claims and fraud claims against 33,000 to 35,000 stockholders who bought Tribune stock.[122] Prolonged due to these claims against former officers, directors, and every former stockholder of the Chicago Tribune Company,[122][123] the Tribune's bankruptcy-related legal and professional fees of $500 million were more than twice the usual amount for that size of company.[124]

The Tribune Co. emerged from bankruptcy in January 2013, partially owned by private equity firms which had speculated on its distressed debt. The reorganized company's plan included selling off many of its assets.[124]

Tribune Publishing divestment

Tribuna nashriyoti, owning the Chicago Tribune, Los Anjeles Tayms, and eight other newspapers, was spun off as a separate publicly traded company in August 2014. The parent Tribune Company was renamed Tribuna media.[125] Tribune Publishing started life with a $350 million loan, $275 million of which was paid as a dividend to Tribune Media. The publishing company was also due to lease its office space from Tribune Media for $30 million per year through 2017.[125][126]

Spinning off Tribune Publishing avoided the capital gains taxes that would accrue from selling those assets. The shares in Tribune Publishing were given tax-free to stakeholders in Tribune Media, the largest shareholder was Oaktree Capital Management with 18.5%.[126] Tribune Media, retaining the non-newspaper broadcasting, entertainment, real estate, and other investments, also sold off some of the non-newspaper properties.[125]

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ "New editor for Chicago Tribune named as part of newsroom leadership restructuring". chicagotribune.com. 2020 yil 27-fevral. Olingan 27 fevral, 2020.
  2. ^ "Snapshot Report - 3/31/2013". Audit qilingan ommaviy axborot vositalari uchun alyans. 2013 yil 31 mart. Olingan 7 iyun, 2013.
  3. ^ "The 10 Most Popular Daily Newspapers In The United States". Olingan 24 oktyabr, 2017.
  4. ^ Tahririyat. "Tribune 2008 presidential endorsement". Chicago Tribune. Olingan 22 may, 2019.
  5. ^ "Tribune to launch tabloid for newsstands". Chicago Tribune. 2009 yil 13-yanvar. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  6. ^ "Chicago Tribune drops tabloid edition of paper". Chicago Tribune. 2011 yil 31-avgust. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  7. ^ Jekson, Devid; Marx, Gary (January 19, 2020). "Opinion: Will The Chicago Tribune Be the Next Newspaper Picked to the Bone?". The New York Times. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  8. ^ (Wendt 1979, pp. 23, 27–28)
  9. ^ (Cole 1948, p. 14)
  10. ^ (Keefe 1971, p. 131)
  11. ^ (Keefe 1975, pp. 233–4)
  12. ^ Rushton, Wyatt (1916). Joseph Medill and the Chicago Tribune (thesis). Olingan 24 oktyabr, 2007. va White, James Terry (1895). The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States. James T. White & Company, via New York Public Library via Internet Archive full view. p.224. Olingan 24 oktyabr, 2007.
  13. ^ Robert Norton Smith (June 10, 1997). Chapter 1, The Colonel, The Life and Legend of Robert R. McCormick 1880-1955. Houghton Mifflin Co. via The New York Times Company. ISBN  0-395-53379-1. Olingan 24 oktyabr, 2007.
  14. ^ (Wendt 1979, pp. 57–65)
  15. ^ (Cole 1948, p. 66)
  16. ^ Chicago Daily Tribune[doimiy o'lik havola ], October 25, 1860.
  17. ^ a b v "Robert R. McCormick," Hozirgi tarjimai holi 1941 yil, 545-547-betlar.
  18. ^ "Great Circle Route" (PDF). Chicago Tribune. 1929 yil 30-iyun. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  19. ^ "Bowler over Evanston". Chicago Tribune. 1929 yil 3-iyul. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  20. ^ "Stripper's Guide". Strippersguide.blogspot.com. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  21. ^ Shipley, Burke (1998). "Spelling the Chicago Tribune Way, 1934–1975, Part I" (PDF). Soddalashtirilgan imlo jamiyati jurnali. English Spelling Society (24). Olingan 2 yanvar, 2016.
  22. ^ Shipley, John B. (1999). "Spelling the Chicago Tribune Way, 1934–1975, Part II" (PDF). Soddalashtirilgan imlo jamiyati jurnali. English Spelling Society (25). Olingan 2 yanvar, 2016.
  23. ^ "Navy had Word of Jap Plan to Strike at Sea; Knew Dutch Harbor was a Feint". Chicago Tribune. 1942 yil 7-iyun. Olingan 4-yanvar, 2016.
  24. ^ Evans, Garold (2003). War Stories: Reporting in the Time of Conflict from the Crimea to Iraq. pp.65–66. ISBN  9781593730055.
  25. ^ Newseum.org Arxivlandi 2013 yil 3 oktyabr, soat Orqaga qaytish mashinasi
  26. ^ Sanger, M. D., Grant. "Freedom of the Press or Treason?". Ish yuritish. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz instituti. 103 (9): 895. Olingan 4-yanvar, 2016.
  27. ^ "National Security v. the Role of the Press". Frontline. PBS. 2007 yil 20-fevral. Olingan 4-yanvar, 2016.
  28. ^ a b v d e f g h men j "Chicago Tribune Pulitzer Prizes". Chicago Tribune.
  29. ^ "Pulitzer Award-winning Journalism". Tribuna nashriyoti. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2016 yil 19 yanvarda. Olingan 4-yanvar, 2016.
  30. ^ Reardon, Patrick T. (June 8, 1997). "A Parade Of Pulitzers". Chicago Tribune. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  31. ^ Kirkpatrick, Clayton (December 7, 1975). "Reporting the news". Chicago Tribune. p. 4.
  32. ^ "Will Leonard, our man 'On Town,' dies". Chicago Tribune. January 7, 1977. p. B7.
  33. ^ a b Froelke Coburn, Marcia; Rhodes, Steve (March 2003). "Bob Grinning ayanchli dostoni". Chikago jurnali. Chicagomag.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  34. ^ "Tribune's managing editor Jones". Chicago Tribune. 1982 yil 24-noyabr. P. 16.
  35. ^ "Aaron Gold, Tribune columnist for 10 years". Chicago Tribune. May 24, 1983. p. 16.
  36. ^ Krimminlar, Jerri; Rik Kogan (1997 yil 30-aprel). "Mike Royko 1932-1997 - Newspaper legend Mike Royko dies - Pulitzer prize-winning columnist was the voice of Chicago for more than 30 years". Chicago Tribune. p. 1.
  37. ^ "Film critic comes to defense of rival Siskel". Axborotnomasi. 1986 yil 22 aprel. Olingan 7-noyabr, 2010.
  38. ^ Michael Miner (May 21, 1993). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/930521/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  39. ^ a b Kanal, Robert. "Chicago Tribune names Bruce Dold as new editor; Gerould Kern to retire". Chicagotribune.com. Olingan 15 oktyabr, 2017.
  40. ^ Konchi, Maykl. "Broder Against Broder/For the Editor Who Dares to Be Different". Chicagoreader.com. Olingan 15 oktyabr, 2017.
  41. ^ "Tribune Reporter Michael Coakley, 41". Chicago Tribune. 1988 yil 4-avgust. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  42. ^ Blau, Robert (November 20, 1992). "Trib newsman charged in sex case". Chicago Tribune. p. 6.
  43. ^ "Former editor pleads guilty in sex-abuse case, gets 3 years". Chicago Tribune. 1993 yil 13 aprel. P. 3.
  44. ^ Michael Miner (November 5, 1993). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/931105/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  45. ^ Michael Miner (December 17, 1993). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/931217/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  46. ^ Michael Miner (December 17, 1993). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/931217/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  47. ^ Michael Miner (August 4, 1995). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1995/950804/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  48. ^ Roderick, Kevin (November 14, 2005). "Brenda You, 38, possible suicide". LA kuzatilgan. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  49. ^ Michael Miner (April 15, 1994). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1994/940415/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  50. ^ Michael Miner (December 16, 1994). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1994/941216/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  51. ^ Michael Miner (January 5, 1996). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1996/960105/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  52. ^ Tyner, Howard (September 2, 1997). "Introducing a new column by John Kass". Chicago Tribune. p. 1.
  53. ^ Michael Miner. "Reader Archive-Extract: 1998/980703/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  54. ^ a b "Choppy Skies". Chicago Tribune. 1999 yil 6-iyun. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  55. ^ "No Truth To The Story". Chicago Tribune. 1999 yil 18-iyul. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  56. ^ Richard Peres-Pena. "Two Leaders to Step Down at Tribune Newspapers". The New York Times. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  57. ^ a b Miner, Michael (August 21, 2008). "Hirt In; Warren Out". Chikago o'quvchisi. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  58. ^ "About The Baltimore Sun". Baltimor Sun. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  59. ^ "Baltimore Sun Media Group Executive Profiles". Baltimor Sun. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  60. ^ "John Husar, 63, Tribune Writer". Chicago Tribune. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  61. ^ "Tribune.com » Library » Howard County Times named 2010 Newspaper of the Year". Corporate.tribune.com. 24 sentyabr 2010 yil. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2012 yil 6-iyulda. Olingan 2 mart, 2013.
  62. ^ "Baltimore County - baltimoresun.com". explorebaltimorecounty.com. Olingan 27 yanvar, 2014.
  63. ^ "Tribune Company". Patuxent.com. 31 dekabr 2012 yil. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi on October 10, 2002. Olingan 2 mart, 2013.
  64. ^ Davey, Monica (April 17, 2001). "Tribune awarded 2 Pulitzers". Chicago Tribune. p. 6.
  65. ^ Miner, Michael (February 19, 2008). "Tribune, blogger win Polk awards". Chikago o'quvchisi. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  66. ^ a b Michael Miner. "Reader Archive-Extract: 2001/011214/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.[doimiy o'lik havola ]
  67. ^ Lipinski, Ann Marie (September 15, 2002). "Bizning o'quvchilarimizga". Chicago Tribune. p. 1.
  68. ^ Pappu, Sridhar. "Articles & Archives". Chikago o'quvchisi. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  69. ^ Wycliff, Don (March 5, 2004). "From the Public Editor - How a journalist's career came undone". Chicago Tribune. p. 27.
  70. ^ Falanga, Mark (April 18, 2004). "Mr. Big City feels like Mr. Big Idiot". Chicago Tribune. p. 11.
  71. ^ "Tuzatishlar va tushuntirishlar". Chicago Tribune. May 9, 2004. p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  72. ^ a b Joravskiy, Ben. "Articles & Archives". Chikago o'quvchisi. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  73. ^ a b Kirk, Jim (September 16, 2008). "Sobiq Sun-Times columnist Mariotti not joining Tribuna - Chicago Tribune". Archives.chicagotribune.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  74. ^ McCann, Herbert G. (April 30, 2009). "Reader survey of stories roils tribune newsroom". San-Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Olingan 25-noyabr, 2015.
  75. ^ a b Rosenthal, Phil (December 2, 2005). "28 newsroom jobs, New City News cut by Tribune". Chicago Tribune. p. 1.
  76. ^ "Community Media Workshop". Newstips.org. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 27 iyulda. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  77. ^ Miner, Michael (March 19, 2008). "Is Alan Solomon crazy? | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  78. ^ a b Miner, Michael (August 17, 2008). "The Tribune casualty list | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  79. ^ Miner, Michael (August 18, 2008). "Paul Salopek Correction | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  80. ^ Miner, Michael (August 18, 2008). "More Trib Losses | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  81. ^ Rosenthal, Phil (August 16, 2008). "Tribune cuts 40 more in newsroom - 2-week total 80 as paper works to stem losses". Chicago Tribune. p. 3.
  82. ^ Miner, Michael (November 12, 2008). "Tribune lays off John Crewdson, others | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  83. ^ Miner, Michael (December 4, 2008). "More Tribune layoffs | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  84. ^ "Chicago Tribune trims newsroom staff | Crain's Chicago Business". Chicagobusiness.com. 2009 yil 12 fevral. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  85. ^ a b "Trib to pare newsroom 20% | Crain's Chicago Business". Chicagobusiness.com. 2009 yil 13 aprel. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  86. ^ Miner, Michael (February 12, 2009). "More layoffs at Tribune | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  87. ^ Miner, Michael (April 22, 2009). "53 out at Tribune - victims of "changing priorities" | The Blog". Chikago o'quvchisi. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  88. ^ "Crain's: Chicago Tribune to Lay Off 20 Percent of Newsroom « News Cycle". Newscycle.wordpress.com. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  89. ^ Wurth, Julie (2009 yil 9-iyun). "Polshaliklar UI-ning" Cloutgate "janjalini eshitish uchun bosim o'tkazmoqdalar". Yangiliklar. Shampan-Urbana, Illinoys. Olingan 4-yanvar, 2016.
  90. ^ "U. of I. leaders urged to resign". Chikago yangiliklari. 2009 yil 7-iyun. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2009 yil 22 iyunda. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  91. ^ a b "Newsroom layoffs show Tribune's true colors". Chikagodagi vaqt. 2011 yil 22-iyul. Olingan 2 mart, 2013.
  92. ^ "Radio 101: New station has a lot to learn before it's ready for". Chikagodagi vaqt. 2011 yil 25-iyul. Olingan 2 mart, 2013.
  93. ^ "Tribune stops the presses for 15 more staffers". Chikagodagi vaqt. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 1 fevralda. Olingan 27 yanvar, 2014.
  94. ^ "Wendell Smothers, 1960-2012". Chicago Tribune. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  95. ^ "Bill Mullen". Chikago o'quvchisi. Olingan 27 yanvar, 2014.
  96. ^ "Keller to end 'extraordinary journey' as Tribune critic". Chikagodagi vaqt. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 1 fevralda. Olingan 27 yanvar, 2014.
  97. ^ Feder, Robert (September 27, 2012). "WLS-FM tonglari" boshqa yo'nalishda "Fogelsiz ketadi". Timeout.com. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  98. ^ Feder, Robert (September 24, 2012). "Konkol leaves Sun-Times to write for DNAInfo Chicago". Timeout.com. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  99. ^ Feder, Robert (October 15, 2012). "Former radio sex therapist finds her Eden in Hawaii". Timeout.com. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  100. ^ "Tribune sets pay wall on some content at $14.99 per month". Chicago Tribune. 2012 yil 18 oktyabr. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  101. ^ a b v "TribLocal reporters win $660K in class-action against Tribune Co". Chicago Tribune. 2013 yil 1 mart. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  102. ^ a b v "Chicago Tribune apologizes for hockey-related joke about Boston Marathon bombing". Washington Post. Associated Press. 2013 yil 14-iyun. Olingan 17 iyun, 2013.
  103. ^ "Stop the presses: Layoffs hit Tribuna | Robert Feder". robertfeder.com. Olingan 27 yanvar, 2014.
  104. ^ Feder, Robert (April 6, 2014). "Chicago Tribune hikes Sunday price 50 percent". Robertfeder.com. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  105. ^ Channick, Robert (January 28, 2015). "Chicago Tribune names new senior editors". Chicago Tribune. Chicagotribune.com. Olingan 7 aprel, 2015.
  106. ^ https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-chicago-tribune-new-editor-20200227-ok7bs77cl5bhpmcq2ry2pl2dyu-story.html
  107. ^ "Tribune Endorsement: Barack Obama for president". Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. 2008 yil 17 oktyabr. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  108. ^ "Tribune endorses Obama: Our children's America". Chicago Tribune. 26 oktyabr 2012 yil. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2012 yil 27 oktyabrda. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  109. ^ "Editorial: Our Case for Joe Biden over Donald Trump," dan Chicago Tribune, 9/25/2020
  110. ^ "To-morrow". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago Tribune. November 4, 1872. p. 4.
  111. ^ "AQSh prezidenti uchun printsipial variant: Gari Jonsonni qo'llab-quvvatlash, ozodlik". Chicagotribune.com. Olingan 15 oktyabr, 2017.
  112. ^ Newcomb, Alyssa (May 25, 2018). "Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times block European users due to GDPR". CBS News. NBC Universal. Olingan 8 iyun, 2018.
  113. ^ Petroff, Alanna (May 25, 2018). "Los Angeles Times takes down website in Europe as privacy rules bite". CNN. Olingan 8 iyun, 2018.
  114. ^ Emi Dikkinson
  115. ^ "It's a whole new day: Your guide to the new Chicago Tribune". chicagotribune.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2009 yil 1 fevralda. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  116. ^ "Trib buries news in redesign test | Crain's Chicago Business". Chicagobusiness.com. July 21, 2008. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  117. ^ Duradgor, Deyv (2007 yil 21-dekabr). "Tribune buyout, at $8.2 billion, closes in Chicago". News Journal. Uilmington, Delaver. Associated Press. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2007 yil 23 dekabrda. Olingan 6 avgust, 2014.
  118. ^ "Tribune Co. files for bankruptcy protection - Business Courier of Cincinnati". Bizjournals.com. 2008 yil 9-dekabr. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  119. ^ "Employee Ownership Through ESOPS:A Bad Bargain-BECKER". Olingan 15-noyabr, 2018.
  120. ^ "Paper Cuts: Did Chicago Tribune Owner Cut Deal to Fire His Editor? - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2008 yil 12-dekabrda. Olingan 26 sentyabr, 2009.
  121. ^ "Lyondell Suit a Potential Threat for Private Equity". The Wall Street Journal. 2011 yil 3-may. Olingan 6 may, 2013. The Lyondell suit alleges that the shareholders participated in a "fraudulent transfer" of wealth from the company and its creditors by knowingly burdening it with debt it couldn't handle, pushing it into bankruptcy less than a year after the close of the buyout... Unsecured bondholders of Tribune Co., the media conglomerate still in Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, are making essentially the same claim in their high-profile case.
  122. ^ a b Oneal, Michael; Sachdev, Ameet (November 27, 2011). "Tribune Co. bankruptcy case haunting former shareholders". Chicago Tribune. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  123. ^ "Chicago Tribune Bankruptcy Update". Bankruptcy Law Review. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2013 yil 11-iyun kuni. Olingan 6 may, 2013.
  124. ^ a b Channick, Robert (December 31, 2012). "Tribune Co. emerges from bankruptcy". Chicago Tribune. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
  125. ^ a b v Channick, Robert (August 5, 2014). "Spun-off Tribune Publishing faces future on its own". Chicago Tribune. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 5 avgustda. Olingan 5 avgust, 2014.
  126. ^ a b Channick, Robert (June 12, 2014). "Tribune Publishing to carry $350 million in debt in spinoff". Chicago Tribune. Olingan 5 avgust, 2014.

Qo'shimcha o'qish

  • Keefe, Thomas M. (1971). "Chicago's Flirtation With Political Nativism". Filadelfiya Amerika katolik tarixiy jamiyatining yozuvlari. 82: 131–158.
  • Keefe, Thomas M. (1975). "The Catholic Issue in the Chicago Tribune Before the Civil War". O'rta Amerika. Loyola University. 57 (4): 227–245.
  • Mayer, Gordon. "Party Rags? Politics and the News Business in Chicago's Party Press, 1831–71." Jurnalistika tarixi 32#3 (2006): 138+
  • McKinney, Megan. The Magnificent Medills: America's Royal Family of Journalism During a Century of Turbulent Splendor (Harper Collins, 2011)
  • Smit, Richard Norton. The Colonel: The Life and Legend of Robert R. McCormick, 1880–1955 (2003).
  • Wendt, Lloyd (1979). Chicago Tribune: The Rise of a Great American Newspaper. Chikago: Rand McNally. ISBN  0-528-81826-0.
  • Ziv, Nina. "The Chicagotribune. com: Creating a Newspaper for the New Economy" jn Strategik boshqaruv: tushunchalar va holatlar (2002). onlayn

Tashqi havolalar