Nidal Xasan - Nidal Hasan - Wikipedia

Nidal Xasan
Hasan nidal.jpg
Tug'ilgan
Nidal Malik Hasan

(1970-09-08) 1970 yil 8 sentyabr (50 yosh)[1]
Arlington okrugi, Virjiniya, Qo'shma Shtatlar
MillatiAmerika
Ta'limVirjiniya G'arbiy Jamiyat kolleji, (A.S. )
Virginia Tech, (B.A. )
Sog'liqni saqlash fanlari yagona xizmat ko'rsatish universiteti, (M.D. )
SababQarshilik harbiy joylashuv; Jihodizm[2]
Jinoiy jazoO'lim
Tafsilotlar
Sana2009 yil 5-noyabr
≈ 1: 34-1: 44.
Joylashuv (lar)Fort Hood, Texas, BIZ.
Maqsad (lar)AQSh armiyasi askarlar va tinch aholi
O'ldirildi13
Jarohatlangan32
Qurol
QamoqdaAQSh intizomiy kazarmalari
Harbiy martaba
Sadoqat Qo'shma Shtatlar (2009 yilgacha)
Xizmat /filial Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi Tibbiy korpus
Xizmat qilgan yillari1988–2009 (ishdan bo'shatish )
RankMayor (bekor qilingan)
MukofotlarArmiya xizmati tasmasi
Milliy mudofaa xizmati medali (2)
Terrorizmga qarshi global urush xizmati medali

Nidal Malik Hasan (1970 yil 8 sentyabrda tug'ilgan) - AQSh armiyasining sobiq mayori, 13 kishini o'ldirishda va 30 dan ortiq odamni yaralashda aybdor deb topilgan Fort Hood ommaviy otishma 2009 yil 5-noyabrda.[3] Hasan a Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi Tibbiy korpus psixiatr. U o'zining otishmalariga iqror bo'lgan harbiy sud 2013 yil avgustda.[4][5] 13 zobitdan iborat hakamlar hay'ati uni 13 bandda aybladi qasddan qotillik, 32 soni qotillikka urinish va uni bir ovozdan tavsiya qildi ishdan bo'shatilgan xizmatdan va o'limga mahkum etilgan.[6][7][8] Hasan qamoqda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining intizomiy kazarmalari da Leavenworth Fort yilda Kanzas ijro etilishini kutmoqda.

Olti yil davomida Hasan a tibbiyot internati va rezidenti Valter Rid armiyasining tibbiy markazi, uning hamkasblari va rahbarlari uning ish samaradorligi va sharhlaridan xavotirda edilar. Xasan o'sha paytda turmushga chiqmagan va uni ijtimoiy jihatdan yakkalanib qolgan, askarlar bilan olib borgan ishi tufayli ta'kidlagan va ularning urush haqidagi hisobotlaridan xafa bo'lgan deb ta'riflashgan.[9] Otishma sodir bo'lishidan ikki kun oldin, u ishga joylashishidan bir oy oldin Afg'oniston, Hasan ko'p narsalarini qo'shnisiga berdi.[10][3][11]

Otishma oldidan Hasan hamkasblari tomonidan ta'riflangan tanqidiy fikrlarni "Amerikaga qarshi "Tomonidan olib borilgan tergov Federal tergov byurosi (FQB) marhum imom bilan elektron pochta xabarlarini yakunladi Anvar al-Avlaki uning vakolatli professional tadqiqotlari bilan bog'liq edi va u tahdid qilmadi. Federal qidiruv byurosi, Mudofaa vazirligi (DoD) va AQSh Senati otishmalardan keyin tergov o'tkazdilar. DoD voqealarni "deb tasnifladiish joyidagi zo'ravonlik ", Xasanni harbiy sudda jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilishini kutmoqda.[12] Senat tomonidan bayon qilingan hisobot e'lon qilindi ommaviy otish "2001 yil 11 sentyabrdan beri AQSh hududida sodir bo'lgan eng dahshatli terakt".[13][14]

Armiya tomonidan Hasanni ayblamaslik to'g'risidagi qaror terrorizm munozarali.[15]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Hasan tug'ilgan Arlington okrugi, Virjiniya Virjiniya kasalxonasi markazida amerikalik ota-onalarga Falastin tushish; ular yillar oldin ko'chib kelishgan al-Bireh, shahar G'arbiy Sohil yaqin Quddus.[16][17][18][19] Ikki ukasi bilan musulmon dinida tarbiyalangan, u qatnashgan Veykfild o'rta maktabi 1985 yilda birinchi kursda Arlingtonda. Uning oilasi ko'chib o'tdi Roanoke 1986 yilda, bozorga, restoranga va zaytun bariga ega bo'lgan bir qator muvaffaqiyatli oilaviy korxonalarni tashkil etishdan bir yil oldin shaharga ko'chib o'tgan otasiga qo'shilish uchun.[20]

U ishtirok etdi Uilyam Fleming nomidagi o'rta maktab yilda Roanoke, Virjiniya 1988 yilda o'rta maktabni tugatgan.[21][22] Ularning otasi 1998 yilda 51 yoshida vafot etgan. Onasi, jamoat tomonidan Nora deb nomlangan, 2001 yilda 49 yoshida vafot etgan.[22] Voyaga etganida, bitta aka yashashni davom ettirmoqda Virjiniya ikkinchisi esa ko'chib o'tdi Quddus.[17]

Harbiy xizmat, oliy ma'lumot va tibbiy martaba

Hasan ro'yxatga olingan 1988 yilda o'rta maktabni tugatgandan so'ng Qo'shma Shtatlar armiyasida. U shu vaqt ichida kollejda tahsil oldi va daromad oldi Dotsentlik darajasi fanidan Virjiniya G'arbiy Jamiyat kolleji 1992 yilda. 1995 yilda u bitirgan Virginia Tech bilan Bakalavr darajasi biokimyo bo'yicha. U ushbu ikkala dasturni ham bajargan Lotin sharaflari.[23] U ofitser sifatida tayinlangan Armiya tibbiyot bo'limi 1997 yilda va ro'yxatdan o'tgan Sog'liqni saqlash fanlari yagona xizmat ko'rsatish universiteti (USUHS) in Bethesda, Merilend.[24] USUHS-da o'qiyotgan paytida Xasanning ko'rsatkichlari juda kam edi. U yoqilgan edi akademik sinov olti yil davomida u to'rt yillik o'quv dasturini va tibbiyot fakultetini tugatishni talab qildi.[25]

2003 yilda USUHSni tugatgandan so'ng, Hasan amaliyotni tugatdi va yashash psixiatriyada Valter Rid armiyasining tibbiy markazi. U psixiatriya mashg'ulotlarini falokat va profilaktika psixiatriyasi bo'yicha ikki yillik do'stlik bilan yakunladi va jamoat salomatligi bo'yicha magistr darajasini oldi. Uolter Riddagi mashg'uloti davomida u maslahat va qo'shimcha nazorat oldi.[26]

Ga binoan Washington Post, Hasan Uolter Ridda istiqomat qilishning yuqori yillarida "Qur'on dunyosining ko'rinishi AQSh harbiy xizmatidagi musulmonlarga nisbatan" deb nomlangan taqdimot qildi; ba'zi ishtirokchilar tomonidan yaxshi qabul qilinmadi.[27] U mudofaa vazirligiga taklif qildi "musulmonlarga ruxsat berishlari kerak [sic] Askarlar ruhiy holatni oshirish va noxush holatlarni kamaytirish uchun "vijdonli harbiy xizmatchi" sifatida ozod qilinish imkoniyati."[28][29] Avvalgi slaydda u "noxush hodisalar" harbiy xizmatchilarni jalb qilishdan bosh tortish, josuslik yoki o'ldirish bo'lishi mumkinligini tushuntirgan. Iste'fodagi polkovnik Terri Li Hasan bilan ishlagandan keyin esladi[30] Arkanzas shtatidagi Little Rock-da ikkita yollovchining halokatli otishi Hasanga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Gumon qilinuvchi Abdulhakim Mujohid Muhammad keyinchalik o'zini Al-Qoida terrorchisi deb da'vo qildi. U qotillikda ayblangan. Polkovnik Li Fox News-ga Xasan amerikalik askarlarga ishora qilib, Iroq va Afg'onistondagi Amerika harbiy mavjudligiga qarshi "musulmonlar o'rnidan turishi va tajovuzkorga qarshi kurashishi kerak" degan "g'alati" bayonotlarni berdi. Xabarlarga ko'ra hayajonlangan va askarlar bilan tez-tez janjallashgan. U Prezidentga umid bildirdi Barak Obama qo'shinlarini olib chiqib ketar edi.[31][32]

Ushbu muammolarga qaramay, 2009 yil may oyida Hasan lavozimiga ko'tarildi katta.[33] 2009 yil iyul oyida Hasanga ko'chirildi Darnall armiyasi tibbiyot markazi yilda Fort Hood, Texas, shaharning nomaqbul hududiga ko'chib o'tmoqda Killin. Ikki hafta o'tgach, u qonuniy ravishda an sotib oldi FN Herstal 5.7 millimetrli qurol.[34] Ko'chirilishidan oldin u rahbarlar va tibbiyot fakultetidan "yomon ishlashi" bahosini oldi.[35] Xavotirlarga qaramay, uning sobiq armiya boshlig'i, podpolkovnik Ben Fillips uning faoliyatini "ajoyib" deb baholadi. Bu Fillips Xasan sudi paytida guvoh bo'lganida aniqlandi.[36]

49/50 slayd Qur'on dunyosi AQSh harbiylaridagi musulmonlarga nisbatan, AQSh armiyasi shifokorlari simpoziumi paytida Xasan tomonidan taqdimot Valter Rid armiyasining tibbiy markazi

Uning amakivachchasi, Virjiniya shtatidagi advokat Nader Xasan bahsli Xasanni "harbiylardan norozi", ammo u askarlarga maslahat berganidan keyin urushdan qo'rqadi travmadan keyingi stress buzilishi. U "har kuni u erda ko'rgan dahshatlarni" eshitgandan so'ng, uni joylashtirish g'oyasi bilan "o'ldirilgan". Nader shuningdek Xasanni boshqa hamkasblari ta'qib qilganini aytdi. "U harbiy advokatni yollab, masalani hal qilish, hukumatni qaytarib berish va harbiy xizmatdan chiqib ketish uchun harakat qildi. U hamma narsani sinab ko'rishning oxirida edi."[37] Xasanning xolasi, shuningdek, Xasan islomiy e'tiqodi bilan bog'liq tazyiqlar tufayli bo'shatishni istaganini aytdi.[23] Biroq armiya vakili qarindoshlarining so'zlarini tasdiqlamadi;[38] Amerika musulmonlari qurolli kuchlari va faxriylar ishlari bo'yicha kengash direktori o'rinbosari bilan xabarlarga ko'ra ta'qib ularning yozuvlariga "mos kelmaydi".[39]

Uning amakisi Rafiq Hamad, rezidenti Ramalloh ichida G'arbiy Sohil - dedi Hasan muloyim, jim. U tug'ruqni kuzatayotganda hushidan ketdi, sababi u psixiatriyani tanladi. U juda sezgir edi va u o'lganidan keyin bir necha oy davomida uy hayvonlari qushini motam tutdi.[26] Shuningdek, Ramallah yaqinida amakivachchasi Muhammad Hasan "musulmon bo'lgani uchun u borishni istamadi" dedi Afg'oniston yoki Iroq Va u o'zini zo'ravonlik va o'limga duchor qilmoqchi emas edi ". Muhammad uning amakivachchasi" yoqimli yigit "ekanligini aytgan va u amakisi va amakivachchalari xizmat qilganidan keyin armiyaga qo'shilganidan xursand bo'lgan. Ular hech qachon siyosat haqida gaplashmagan. , ammo Hasan shikoyat qildi "unga amerikalikdan ko'ra musulmon, arab kabi munosabatda bo'lishdi; u kamsitilgan edi. "[40]

2009 yil avgust oyida, Killen Texas politsiyasining xabariga ko'ra, kimdir Xasan avtomashinasini kalit bilan buzib tashlagan; ta'mirlash 1000 dollarga baholandi. Politsiya askarni aybladi; qo'shnisi Xasanning dini tufayli transport vositasi buzilgan deb da'vo qilmoqda.[23]

Harbiy ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, Hasan turmushga chiqmagan.[41] Biroq, sobiq qo'shnisi Devid Kukning ta'kidlashicha, 1997 yilda Xasanning ikki o'g'li u bilan yashagan va mahalliy maktablarda o'qigan. Kuk: "Mening bilishimcha, u yolg'iz ota edi. Men hech qachon xotin ko'rmaganman".[18]

Harbiy mukofotlar va bezaklar

Hasan oldi Armiya xizmati tasmasi kabi xususiy tugatgandan keyin 1988 yilda Kengaytirilgan individual ta'lim (AIT), Milliy mudofaa xizmati medali vaqt oralig'ida xizmat uchun ikki marta Fors ko'rfazi urushi va Terrorizmga qarshi global urush, va Terrorizmga qarshi global urush xizmati medali Terrorga qarshi global urush paytida qo'llab-quvvatlash xizmati uchun.[10]

Diniy va mafkuraviy e'tiqodlar

Uning amakivachchalaridan biriga ko'ra, Hasan musulmon bo'lgan; u ota-onasining vafotidan keyin ko'proq dindor bo'lib qoldi.[17] Uning amakivachchasi uni radikal yoki Amerikaga qarshi fikrlarni aytganini eslamadi,[17] va oila Xasanni tinch odam va yaxshi amerikalik deb ta'rifladilar.[42] Uning amakivachchalaridan birining aytishicha, Xasan Afg'oniston va Iroqdan qaytib kelgandan keyin terapiyada davolangan askarlarning hikoyalarini eshitib, urushlarga qarshi chiqqan.[43] Xolasining aytishicha, u Afg'onistonga borishini oilasiga aytmagan.[44]

Kech Anvar al-Avlaki 2008 yilda; Hasan u bilan otishmalardan bir necha oy oldin gaplashgan

2001 yil may oyida Hasan Dar al-Hijra ichida masjid Falls cherkovi onasini dafn etish joyi[45] va vaqti-vaqti bilan masjidda qatnashgan Kumush buloq, Merilend, u yashagan va ishlagan joyga yaqin; u tomonidan tanilgan edi Imom o'n yildan ortiq.[46] Hasan haftasiga bir necha marta namoz o'qigan "Kumush buloq" jome masjidining sobiq imomi Fayzul Xon "u o'zini tutib turadigan, xushmuomalali odam edi. Biz diniy masalalarni muhokama qildik. Siyosat hech qachon ko'tarilmagan. U musulmon", dedi.[18] Xonning aytishicha, Hasan tez-tez uylanish istagini bildirgan va imom: "Men u sodiq askar ekanman, degan taassurot qoldirdim", dedi.[23]

Havo kuchlari "Xalq salomatligi bo'yicha magistrlik" dasturining aspiranturasida sinfdoshi, podpolkovnik doktor Val Finnell atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha darsda Xasanning loyihasi "Terrorizmga qarshi global urush Islomga qarshi urushmi" va uning ta'siri Finnell g'alati deb o'ylagan harbiy xizmatdagi musulmonlar.[47]

Polkovnik Terri Lining so'zlariga ko'ra, nafaqaga chiqqanidan beri "U [Hasan]" balki musulmonlar oyoqqa turishi va tajovuzkorga qarshi kurashishi kerak "deb aytgan. Avvaliga biz u qurolli kuchlarga yordam berishni nazarda tutgan deb o'ylardik, ammo aftidan bunday emas edi. Boshqalar marta, biz avval urushda bo'lmasligimiz kerakligini aytdi. "[48]

Anvar al-Avlakiy bilan elektron pochta almashinuvi

2001-02, Anvar al-Avlaki Dar al-Hijra masjidining imomi edi; shu vaqt ichida u mo''tadil musulmon hisoblangan. Da musulmon ruhoniysi sifatida xizmat qilish Jorj Vashington universiteti, u tez-tez Vashingtondagi tomoshabinlarga va Kongress a'zolari va hukumatiga Islom haqida gapirishga taklif qilinardi. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Hasan al-Avlaki ta'limotini chuqur hurmat qiladi.[49]

Otishma sodir bo'lishidan olti oy oldin, 2008 yil dekabrida federal razvedka xodimlari Al-Avlaki va Hasan o'rtasida elektron pochta orqali almashinuvlarni qo'lga olishdi. Bu davrda u "radikal ruhoniy" deb topildi. Biroq, ular elektron pochta xabarlarini diniy ekanligini aniqladilar va hech qanday jangarilik unsurlarini va mavzuga oid narsalarni o'z ichiga olmadilar.[50] FBIning elektron pochta xabarlarini o'qiyotgan terrorizmga qarshi kurash bo'yicha mutaxassislari "ular Xasan vakili olib borgan vakolatli tadqiqotlar bilan mos kelishgan".[51][52][53]. Elektron pochta xabarlarida Islom va harbiy xizmat o'rtasidagi ziddiyatlarga nisbatan ma'naviy yo'l-yo'riq haqida umumiy savollar bor edi va rasmiylar ularni Amerikaning "qurolli" xizmatidagi musulmonlar to'g'risidagi qonuniy ruhiy salomatlik tadqiqotlariga muvofiq deb baholashdi.[54] [55] [56]

Otishmalardan so'ng, yamanlik jurnalist Abdulelah Hider Shaea 2009 yil noyabr oyida al-Avlaki bilan o'zaro almashinuvlari to'g'risida suhbatlashdi va o'z vaqtlarini Vashington Post muxbir. Shaeaning so'zlariga ko'ra, Al-Avlaki "na buyruq bergan va na bosim o'tkazgan ... Xasan amerikaliklarga zarar etkazishi uchun".[57] Al-Avlakiyning so'zlariga ko'ra, Hasan unga birinchi marta 2008 yil 17-dekabrda elektron pochta orqali xabar yuborgan. Xitob bilan aytganda, Hasan: "Meni eslaysanmi, men sen bilan Virjiniya masjidida namoz o'qidim", dedi.[57] Al-Avlakiyning so'zlariga ko'ra, Hasan 2001 va 2002 yillarda Dar al-Hijrada va'z qilgan paytlarida u o'zini musulmon bo'lgan. Bu uning onasining vafotiga to'g'ri keladi.

Al-Avlaki: "Ehtimol, mening ma'ruzalarimdan biri Nidalga ta'sir qilgan bo'lishi mumkin". U qo'shimcha qildi: "Nidal menga elektron pochta orqali ishonganligi aniq edi. Nidal menga:" Men siz bilan hech qachon hech kim bilan gaplashmayotgan masalalarda gaplashaman ", dedi." Al-Avlaki, Hasanning maqbulligi to'g'risida xulosaga kelganini aytdi. Islomdagi zo'ravonlik va buni tashabbuskor o'zi emasligini aytdi. Shaea ularning munosabatlarini sarhisob qildi: "Nidal aksincha emas, Anvarga dalil keltirar edi".[57]

2008 yil oktyabr oyida, Charlz Allen, BIZ Milliy xavfsizlik kotibining razvedka va tahlil bo'yicha maslahatchisi, ogohlantirgan al-Avlaki "Yamandagi yangi uyidan terror hujumlarini rag'batlantiruvchi radikal onlayn ma'ruzalar bilan AQSh musulmonlarini nishonga oladi".[58][59] Fort-Hooddagi otishmalar va elektron pochta xabarlari ommaviy bo'lib chiqqandan so'ng, hukumat tarkibida bo'lmagan Allen shunday dedi:

Men armiya mayori nima uchun AQSh va G'arbga qarshi zo'ravonlikni qo'zg'atishga qaratilgan nafratli mafkurani targ'ib qiluvchi Anvar al-Avlaki kabi islom ekstremisti bilan takroriy aloqada bo'lishini tushunishga qiynalaman ... Qanday qilib buni ko'rish qiyin. takroriy aloqa har qanday qonuniy yo'l bilan psixiatr sifatida izlanishlarini davom ettiradi.[60]

Avvalgi Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ofitser Bryus Ridel "Al-Qoidaning taniqli xayrixohiga elektron pochta orqali qo'ng'iroq qilish kerak. Agar u retseptlar almashayotgan bo'lsa ham, byuro ogohlantirishi kerak edi."[60]

Al-Avlaki o'zining fikrlari bilan o'rtoqlashish uchun blogga ega veb-saytga ega edi.[60] 2008 yil 11 dekabrda u "kofirlarning armiyasida xizmat qilishiga va birodarlariga qarshi kurashishga imkon beradigan" diniy farmonni izlagan har qanday musulmonni qoraladi.[60] The NEFA jamg'armasi "Xasan birinchi marta elektron pochta orqali xabar yuborganini aytganidan olti kun o'tgach, 2008 yil 23 dekabrda al-Avlaki o'z blogida shunday yozgan edi:" Afg'oniston va Iroq jangchilarining o'qlari musulmonlarning Amerikaga nisbatan his-tuyg'ularining aksidir ".[61]

Fort Hood shahridagi noma'lum musulmon zobit al-Avlakiyning ta'limoti haqida gaplashayotganda Xasanning ko'zlari "yonib" ketganini aytdi.[62] Ba'zi tergovchilar Xasanning al-Avlaki bilan aloqalari uni ruhiy tushkunlik va stressga duchor bo'lgan paytda zo'ravonlikka undagan deb hisoblashadi.[63]

Fort Hood otishmasidan oldin

Internet faoliyati

Islomiy veb-saytlarni kuzatayotgan hukumat agentlari Xasan "NidalHasan" skrinsimonidan foydalangan holda joylashtirgan deb hisoblashadi xudkushlik hujumlari 2009 yil may oyida, shu bilan birga, ushbu davrda hukumat agentlari Xasan bilan xabarlarni bog'lamadilar.[64][47] "NidalHasan" nashrlari o'z joniga qasd qilishni o'z hamkasblarini qutqarish, "ezgu maqsad" uchun qurbon bo'lish uchun granata ustiga qulagan askarga o'xshatdi.[47][64] ABC News Hokimiyatdan noma'lum agentlar Xasanning Al-Qoida bilan bog'lanishga urinishganidan xabardor ekanliklarini ta'kidlab, press-reliz tarqatishdi.[65], keyin press-relizda Xasanning "Federal qidiruv byurosi tomonidan kuzatilgan odamlar bilan tushunarsiz aloqalari borligi" da'vo qilingan, shunchaki Anvar al-Avlakiydan ko'ra.[66]

Xasanning kvartirasida qolgan vizit kartasi uni a psixiatr yurish-turish salomatligi - ruhiy salomatlik - hayotiy ko'nikmalarga ixtisoslashgan va SoA (SWT) qisqartmalarini o'z ichiga oladi.[67][68][69] Tergovchilarning fikriga ko'ra, "SoA" qisqartmasi jihodchilar veb-saytlarida "Ollohning askari" yoki "Allohning xizmatkori" so'zlarining qisqartmasi sifatida ishlatiladi. SWT odatda "" ma'nosida ishlatiladisubhanahu va taolo "(Xudoga shon-sharaf).[51][70] Xasanning kompyuterlari va elektron pochta qaydlarini ko'rib chiqishda radikal tarafdorlarni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi Internet saytlariga tashriflar ko'rsatilgan Islomchi anonim hukumat agentining press-reliziga ko'ra g'oyalar.[71]


Superiorlarga elektron pochta xabarlari

Hasan psixiatr sifatida baholagan ba'zi askarlarning avvalgi harakatlaridan xavotir bildirdi.[72] 2009 yilda Fort Xudga hujum qilishidan bir necha kun oldin, Hasan o'z rahbarlari va armiyaning yuridik maslahatchilaridan Afg'oniston va Iroqdagi askarlarning o'zini bezovta qilganliklari haqidagi xabarlarni qanday ko'rib chiqishni so'radi.[72]


Boshqa faoliyat

Hasan Afg'onistonga yuborilishi kerak edi[73] 28-noyabr kuni. Hasan mahalliy do'kon egasiga uning yaqin orada joylashtirilishi haqida ta'kidlaganini aytdi Afg'oniston chunki uning psixolog sifatida ishlashi musulmonlarga qarshi kurashish yoki o'ldirishni talab qilishi mumkin.[74] Matbuot kotibi Jeff Sadoskining press-relizida AQSh senatori Kay Beyli Xetchison, "Hasan uning joylashtirilganidan xafa bo'ldi".[75]

Otishma kuni ertalab Hasan juma kuni joylashtirilishini aytib, uyidan mebel sovg'a qildi.[76] Shuningdek, u nusxalarini tarqatdi Qur'on.[77] Kamran Posho Fort Hood shahridagi musulmon zobiti haqida yozgan, u Fort Xud otishma kuni Xasan bilan birga ibodat qilganini aytgan va Xasan "hech qanday tashvish va asabiy bo'lmagan holda paydo bo'lgan". Ushbu ofitser otishmalar diniy radikalizm sabab bo'lishi mumkin deb hisoblagan.[78] [79]

Fort Hood hujumlari

Birinchi javob beruvchilar va askarlar Fort Hood otishmasida yaralangan o'rtoq askarni tashiydilar
Asosiy maqola: 2009 yil Fort Hoodda otishma

Xabarlarga ko'ra, 2009 yil 5-noyabr kuni Hasan "Allohu Akbar!"[80][81][82] (bu ibora "Xudo eng buyuk" degan ma'noni anglatadi),[83][84] joylashgan Fort Hood shahridagi askarlarning tayyorgarligi markazida "qurolli kuchlarga" qarata o'q uzdi Killin, Texas, eng yomoni, o'n uch kishini o'ldirish va o'ttizdan ortiq odamni yaralash otish Amerika harbiy bazasida joylashgan "qurolli kuchlarga" qarshi.[11]

Pudratchining huquqni muhofaza qilish organi xodimi Kimberli D. Munli binodan chiqib ketayotgan Hasanga duch keldi. Munli va Hasan o'zaro zarbalarni almashishdi; Xunlining oyog'iga ikki marta urib, Xunli harakatchanligini yo'q qilishdan oldin Munlining zarbalari yovvoyi bo'lib ketdi.[85] Pudratchi huquqni muhofaza qilish organi rasmiysi Mark Todd Hasanga bir necha marta o'q uzdi.[86][87] Todd avtomatning to'pponchasini Xasanning qo'lidan chiqarib yubordi, so'ngra qo'lbola Xasanni qo'ydi.[88] Hujum taxminan o'n daqiqa davom etdi.[89]

Rasmga tushirish

Tibbiy holat

Uning hayotini saqlab qolish uchun Hasan kasalxonaga yotqizilgan intensiv terapiya bo'limi da Bruk armiyasi tibbiyot markazi da Sem Xyuston yilda San-Antonio, Texas.[90][91] Uning ahvoli "deb ta'riflanganbarqaror ".[92] 2009 yil 7-noyabrdagi yangiliklar uning komada bo'lganligini ko'rsatmoqda.[93] 9-noyabr kuni kasalxonaning matbuot kotibi Devi Mitchel Xasanning hushidan kelganini e'lon qildi va u kasalxonadan olib tashlanganidan beri gaplashishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. ventilyator 7-noyabr kuni.[94] 13-noyabr kuni Xasanning advokati Jon Galligan Xasanning umurtqa pog'onasidan o'q otgan joyidan belidan falaj bo'lganini va hech qachon yurmasligini e'lon qildi.[95] Dekabr oyi o'rtalarida Galligan Xasanni intensiv terapiyadan xususiy kasalxona xonasiga ko'chirilganligini ko'rsatdi. Galliganning aytishicha, shifokorlar Xasanga "o'zini o'zi parvarish qilishni" o'rganish uchun kasalxonada kamida ikki oy kerak bo'ladi.[96]

Harbiy sud

2009 yil 7-noyabrda Hasan muloqotda bo'lganida, u huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari xodimlari bilan suhbatlashishdan bosh tortdi.[97] 12-noyabr va 2-dekabrda mos ravishda Hasanga o'n uchta band bo'yicha ayblov e'lon qilindi oldindan o'ylangan qotillik ostida o'ttiz ikkita qotillikka urinish Harbiy adolatning yagona kodeksi Shunday qilib, uni o'lim jazosiga loyiq deb topdi.[7][8][98][99]

O'sha paytda rasmiylar o'lim jazosiga hukm qilishlarini xohlamaydilar.[100] Polkovnik Maykl Mulligan armiyaning bosh prokurori bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Mulligan bosh prokuror edi Hasan Akbar ishi, unda bir askar Amerika "qurolli kuchlari" ning ikki a'zosini o'ldirgani uchun o'limga mahkum etilgan.[101]

Jon P. Galligan, iste'fodagi armiya JAG polkovnik, Xasanning vakili.[102] 21-noyabr kuni Xasan kasalxonasida o'tkazilgan tinglovda harbiylar sudya u erda hukmronlik qildi mumkin bo'lgan sabab Hasan Fort Hoodda otishma sodir etdi va harbiy sudgacha sudgacha qamoqda saqlashni buyurdi. Hasan sudning buyrug'iga binoan reanimatsiyada qoldi.[103] 23-noyabr kuni Galliganning aytishicha, Hasan ehtimol unga qo'yilgan ayblov uchun o'zini aybsiz deb biladi va o'zining harbiy sudida aqldan ozganlik himoyasini ishlatishi mumkin.[104] Press-relizda Armiya jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar xizmati shifokorlari Xasanni 2010 yil yanvar oyining o'rtalariga qadar uning sudga berilish qobiliyatini va hujumlar paytida uning ruhiy holatini aniqlash uchun baholashlarini ta'kidladilar.[101] ammo imtihonni Galliganning iltimosiga binoan keyingisiga qoldirdi 32-modda tinglash.[105] Armiya, agar tarjimon bo'lmasa, Hasanga telefonda yoki tashrif buyuruvchilar bilan faqat ingliz tilida gaplashishni buyurdi.[106] Hasan Bruk armiyasi tibbiyot markazidan ko'chirildi Bell tumani Qamoqxona Belton, Texas, 2010 yil 9 aprelda.[107] Fort Hood mart oyida Xasanni olti oyga joylashtirish uchun Bell County bilan 207 ming dollarlik yangilanadigan shartnoma tuzdi.[108]

Press-relizda Galligan prokuratura o'lim jazosiga murojaat qilishini e'lon qildi va "Bu birinchi" rasmiy xabarnoma ", ammo, albatta, bu virtual boshidan berilgan. Qisqasi, armiya o'limni ta'qib qilmoqda boring. "[109] Prokuratura 2010 yil 28 aprelda Xasanning bir nechta qotillikda aybdor deb topilgan taqdirda, o'lim jazosini ta'qib qilish uchun zarur bo'lgan "og'irlashtiruvchi omil" qondirilishini eslatgan.[109] O'lim jazosini talab qilish to'g'risidagi qaror 32-moddadagi sud majlisidan keyin qabul qilindi.[109] 2010 yil 15 sentyabrda press-relizda Xasanning advokati yopiq sud majlislarini o'tkazishni niyat qilganligini aytdi.[110]

2010 yil 12 oktyabrda Hasan birinchi keng maydonga tushishi kerak edi harbiy eshitish hujumga. Rasmiy ravishda an deb nomlangan eshitish 32-modda davom etmoqda, hay'atning katta sud majlisiga o'xshash, ammo jamoatchilik uchun ochiq, olti hafta davom etishi kutilgan edi. Ft. Yuqori armiya qo'mondoniga yordam berish uchun mo'ljallangan eshitish. Hood, harbiy sud Xasan uchun yetarli dalillar bor yoki yo'qligini aniqlaydi, qo'ng'iroq qilishni boshlashi kerak edi guvohlar, ammo texnik kelishmovchiliklar tufayli kechiktirildi.[111] Sud jarayoni 14 oktyabr kuni "qurolli kuchlar" hujumlaridan omon qolganlarning guvohlari ko'rsatmalari bilan davom etdi.[112] 15-noyabr kuni Galligan mudofaa ishini taklif qilishdan bosh tortganidan keyin harbiy tinglov tugadi oq uy va Mudofaa vazirligi otishni o'rganish bo'yicha razvedka ma'lumotlariga oid hujjatlarni tarqatishdan bosh tortdi. Himoya ham, prokuratura ham taqdim etishni taklif qilmadi yakuniy bahs.[113]

18-noyabr kuni polkovnik Jeyms L. Pohl 32-modda bo'yicha sud tergovi xodimi Xasanni harbiy sudga berilishini va o'lim jazosiga mahkum etilishini tavsiya qildi. Uning tavsiyanomasi Fort Xuddagi boshqa AQSh armiyasi polkovnikiga yuborildi, u o'z hisobotini topshirgandan so'ng, o'z tavsiyanomasini post qo'mondoniga taqdim etdi. Post qo'mondoni Xasanni sud oldida va o'lim jazosiga hukm qilishiga qaror qildi.[114] 2011 yil 6 iyulda Fort Hood post qo'mondoni ishni o'lim jazosini ko'rib chiqishga vakolatli harbiy harbiy sudga yubordi.[115] 2011 yil 27 iyulda Fort Hood shtab-kvartirasining bosh sudyasi polkovnik Gregori Gross 2012 yil 5 mart kuni sud kunini belgilab qo'ydi. Hasan hech qanday iltimosnomani kiritishni rad etdi va sudya Gross Xasan advokatlari tomonidan bu da'voni kechiktirish to'g'risidagi iltimosnomani qondirdi. Hasan Grossga avvalgi sud majlislarida o'zining fuqaroviy advokati Jon Galliganni ozod qilgani to'g'risida xabar berib, uchta harbiy advokat bilan ishtirok etishni tanladi.[116]

2012 yil 2 fevralda harbiy sudya sud jarayonini 2012 yil 12 iyungacha kechiktirdi. Xasanning etakchi advokati Kris Poppening aytishicha, sud jarayonini kechiktirish to'g'risidagi iltimos "bu faqat sudgacha tayyorgarlik ko'rish uchun etarli vaqt zarurligi bilan bog'liq".[117]

2012 yil 10 aprelda Xasanning advokatlari boshqasiga murojaat qilishdi davomiylik sud ishi boshlanish sanasini iyun oyidan oktyabr oxirigacha ko'chirish, hujjatlar va dalillarni tekshirish va guvohlar bilan suhbat qilish. Gross so'rovni maslahat ostida qabul qilishga rozi bo'ldi. Sudya Gross, mudofaa tashabbusi bilan jabrlanganlarga yordam berish bo'yicha mutaxassisni guvohlik berish uchun qidirishni rad etdi, dedi Fort Hood rasmiylari. Yangi dastur mudofaaga omon qolganlar va qurbonlarning oilalari ehtiyojlarini qondirishga yordam berish va agar ular o'lim jazosini qo'llab-quvvatlasa, ularning munosabatlarini o'zgartirishga yordam berish uchun mo'ljallangan. Gross shuningdek, prokurorlarni 2009 yil 5-noyabrdagi xurujlardan so'ng prezident Barak Obama, mudofaa vaziri va boshqa hukumat agentlari bilan uchrashuvlar va suhbatlardan eslatmalar berishga majbur qilish to'g'risidagi mudofaa talabini rad etdi. Himoyachilar, Xasanni jinoiy javobgarlikka tortish buyrug'iga noqonuniy ta'sir ko'rsatganligini aniqlashni istashlarini ta'kidladilar. 2012 yil 18 aprelda sudya Gross sud muhokamasini 2012 yil 20 avgustga belgilab, sudning davom ettirish to'g'risidagi iltimosnomasini qisman qondirdi.[118]

2012 yil iyul oyida Xasan soqolini qirib tashlaganidan keyin sudya Xasanni sudga nisbatan hurmatsizlik deb topdi va jarimaga tortdi.[119] U soqolini saqlagani uchun yana bir marta jarimaga tortildi va sudya tomonidan ogohlantirildi Polkovnik Gregori Gross uni harbiy sudga qadar majburan oldirishi mumkin edi.[120] 15 avgust kuni Xasan harbiy sud boshlanishidan oldin unga qo'yilgan ayblov bo'yicha ayblovlarni qabul qilishi kerak edi; unga qasddan odam o'ldirish ayblovini tan olishga yo'l qo'yilmaydi, chunki prokuratura bu ishni ta'qib qilgan o'lim jazosi.[121]

Harbiy sud Xasanning irodasiga qarshi soqol olishga qarshi e'tirozlari va uning apellyatsiya shikoyati bilan kechiktirildi Qo'shma Shtatlarning Qurolli Kuchlar uchun apellyatsiya sudi masala bo'yicha; advokatlari orqali Hasan soqoli uning qismi ekanligini aytdi diniy e'tiqodlar. Prokuratura Hasanning sud jarayonini kechiktirishga urinayotgani haqida bahslashdi.[122]

27 avgust kuni Apellyatsiya sudi sud jarayoni davom etishi mumkinligini e'lon qildi, ammo Xasanni kuch bilan tarash mumkinligi to'g'risida qaror chiqarmadi va sud jarayoni boshlanishining yangi sanasini belgilamadi. Apellyatsiya sudi Hasanning soqol o'stirish uchun "diniy turar joy" olishga urinishlarini rad etdi.[123] 6 sentyabrda polkovnik Gross Xasanni 1993 yilni aniqlaganidan keyin uni kuch bilan tarashga qaror qildi Diniy erkinlikni tiklash to'g'risidagi qonun ushbu holatga tegishli bo'lmagan; ammo, Xasanning apellyatsiyalari tugamaguncha, kuch bilan tarash amalga oshirilmaydi.[124][125] 6 sentyabrdagi sud jarayonida Hasan ikki marta aybini tan olishni taklif qildi, ammo AQSh armiyasining qoidalari sudyalarga o'lim jazosi bo'yicha ayblovni qabul qilishni taqiqlaydi.[125]

Hasan qamoqda va nogironlar kolyaskasida qoldi. U ish haqini olishni davom ettirdi va uning tibbiy xarajatlari amerikalik soliq to'lovchilar tomonidan to'lanadi.[126]

2013 yil 3 iyunda harbiy sudya Hasanga o'zini himoya qilishga ruxsat berdi. Uning advokatlari bu ishda qolishlari kerak edi, lekin agar u ulardan yordam so'rasa. Hakamlar hay'ati tanlovi 5 iyunda boshlanishi kerak edi va ochilish bahslari 1 iyulda boshlanishi kerak edi.[127][128] 2013 yil 14-iyun kuni AQSh armiyasi polkovnigi Tara Osborn Hasanning toliblarni himoya qilayotganini da'vo qila olmasligini aytdi.[129] Press-relizda Hasan Fort Hood hujumlari paytida o'z harakatlarini Amerikaning "qurolli kuchlari" Islomga qarshi urush olib bormoqda deb da'vo qildi.[130]

6 avgust kuni bo'lib o'tgan sud jarayonining birinchi kunida Hasan o'zini himoya qilib, 2009 yilda Fort Hood hujumlari paytida o'zini tajovuzkor deb tan oldi va dalillar uning tajovuzkor ekanligini ko'rsatishini bildirdi. Shuningdek, u sud majlisida o'zini "yon tomonga o'girganini" aytdi va o'zini "jihod" olib borayotgan mujohidlar deb biladi - urush olib boradi - AQShning "qurolli kuchlariga" qarshi.[131] 7 avgustga qadar Hasan va uning "stand-by" mudofaa jamoasi o'rtasidagi kelishmovchiliklar sudya Osbornni sud jarayonini to'xtatib turishiga olib keldi. Xasanning advokatlari Xasan prokurorlarga o'lim jazosiga erishishda yordam berishga urinayotganidan xavotirda edilar. Prokuratura o'lim jazosini so'raganligi sababli, uning mudofaa guruhi bunga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun harakat qildi.[132]

8 avgust kuni sudya Osborn sud jarayonida Xasan o'zini himoya qilishni davom ettirishiga qaror qildi, so'ng uning "stand-by" mudofaa guruhining Xasan himoyasini o'z zimmalariga olishlarini yoki ularning rollarini kamaytirishni talablarini rad etdi. Sudya shuningdek, himoyachilarning ishdan chetlatilishi haqidagi iltimosini rad etdi. 9 avgust kuni Xasan o'zining uchta kutib turgan himoyachisidan ikkitasi - podpolkovnik Kristofer Martin va mayor Jozef Marsega sudlanuvchining o'lim jazosini so'rayotgani to'g'risida shikoyat arizasini tayyorlash uchun ta'til izlashga ruxsat berdi va shu bilan ularning "kasbiy xulq-atvor" qoidalarini buzdi. .[133][134] Uning uchinchi advokati podpolkovnik Kris Poppe sud jarayonini kuzatish uchun orqada qoldi.[135] Sud ishlari, shuningdek, prokuratura Fort-Xud hujumidan omon qolgan bir necha "qurolli kuchlarning" ko'rsatuvlarini taqdim etishi bilan qayta boshlandi. 14 avgustga qadar oltmishdan ziyod prokuratura guvohlari guvohlik berishdi va ularning har biri Xasanni tajovuzkor sifatida aniqlashdi. Sud jarayoni tez o'tdi, chunki Hasan ozgina e'tiroz bildirdi va ko'pchilik guvohlarni so'roq qilishdan bosh tortdi.[136]

13 avgustga qadar prokuratura jinoyat joyida bo'lgan FBI xodimlari bilan sud-tibbiy dalillarni taqdim etishga o'tdi, ular jinoyat joyida juda ko'p dalillarga ega ekanliklarini ko'rsatib berishdi, ularning belgilari yo'q bo'lib qoldi. Ushbu dalillarga yuz qirq oltita patron qutisi va oltita jurnal kiritilgan. The Nyu-York Tayms sudlanuvchining fuqarolik advokati Jon Galligan tomonidan taqdim etilgan ruhiy salomatlik to'g'risidagi hisobotdan Xasan tomonidan e'lon qilingan so'zlar. Ushbu hujjatlarga ko'ra, Hasan ruhiy kasalliklar bo'yicha mutaxassislarga agar u sudlanib, qatl etilsa, u "hali ham shahid bo'lar edi".[137] Hasan o'zining himoyachisi sifatida harakat qilib, harbiy sud paytida hisobotni prokurorlarga etkazishni taklif qildi. Biroq, 14 avgust kuni sudya Osborn prokurorlarning hisobotni ko'rishiga to'sqinlik qildi.[138] 19 avgustda u Xasanning erta radikallashuvi bilan bog'liq dalillarni va shuningdek, Fort Hood hujumlarini "nusxa ko'chirish" sifatida taqdim etgan dalillarni ta'qib qilishni istisno qildi. Hasan Akbar, AQSh armiyasining Mohammadan askari Iroqqa bostirib kirgunga qadar "qurolli kuchlarga" hujum qilgani uchun o'limga mahkum etilgan.[139]

2013 yil 20 avgustda prokuratura Hasanga qarshi ishini qayta tikladi. Ular o'n bir kun ichida to'qsonga yaqin guvohni chaqirishdi, bu jarayonning tez sur'ati bilan Xasanning ko'plab guvohlarni so'roq qilishdan bosh tortgani bilan izohlandi. Jarayon davomida u faqat uchta guvohni so'roq qildi. Himoyachi o'z ishini chorshanba kuni taqdim etishi kerak bo'lganida, Hasan hech qanday guvohni chaqirishni rejalashtirmaganligini aytdi. Avvalroq, u ikkita mudofaa guvohini chaqirishni rejalashtirgan: biri o'ldirish bo'yicha ishlarni yumshatish bo'yicha mutaxassis, ikkinchisi esa Kaliforniya universiteti falsafa va dinga ixtisoslashgan professori. Hasan, shuningdek, prokurorlar o'z ishlarini isbotlay olmaganliklari haqida rasmiy ravishda rad etdi.[140][141] Hasan biron bir guvohni chaqirmadi yoki o'z himoyasida ko'rsatma bermadi; u 2013 yil 21 avgustda himoyasini tikladi.[142] 2013 yil 22-avgustda Hasan yakuniy so'zni aytishdan bosh tortdi.[143]

Hukm va hukm

2013 yil 23 avgustda to'qqiz kishidan iborat harbiy hakamlar hay'ati polkovniklar, uchta podpolkovniklar va bitta katta[144] Xasanni barcha ayblovlarda aybdor deb topdi va uni o'lim jazosiga loyiq deb topdi.[145] Ushbu muhokamalar 2013 yil 26 avgustda boshlangan.[146] 27 avgustga qadar o'n uchta a'zodan iborat hay'at hay'ati yigirma to'rt nafar qurbonlardan va 2009 yil Fort Xudda Amerika "qurolli kuchlariga" qarshi hujum paytida yaralangan va halok bo'lganlarning oila a'zolarining ko'rsatmalarini tingladilar.[147] Jarayon davomida Hasan o'z himoyasida gaplashishdan yoki guvohlardan birortasini so'roq qilishdan bosh tortdi. Shuningdek, u sud jarayoni va hukm davomida himoya qilmaslik to'g'risida qarorini tushuntirib beradigan biron bir ma'lumot bermadi. Oxir-oqibat, Hasan o'zining advokati vazifasini bajarib, sudyalarga sud ishini qo'llab-quvvatlaganligini aytdi. Sudya Tara Osborn Hasanning qarorini qabul qildi. Bosh prokuror polkovnik Mayk Mulligan o'zining so'nggi bayonotida

[Hasan] hech qachon shahid bo'lolmaydi, chunki unga beradigan narsasi yo'q ... Adashtirmang; chalkashtirmang; aldanmang. U jonini bermayapti. Biz uning hayotini olayapmiz. Bu uning Xudoga bergan sovg'asi emas, balki uning jamiyat oldidagi qarzidir. U hozir bo'lmaydi va hech qachon shahid bo'lmaydi.[148]

Sudyalar sud qarorini chiqarish uchun qayta yig'ilishdi.[149][150] 2013 yil 28 avgustda sudyalar Xasanni o'limga mahkum etishni tavsiya qildilar.[151] Panel shuningdek, Hasanga harbiy maoshidan mahrum bo'lishni va bo'lishni tavsiya qildi ishdan bo'shatilgan armiyadan, xuddi shunday oqibatlarga olib keladigan zobitlar uchun ajratish sharafsiz zaryadsizlanish.[152]

Reaksiya

Islomiy ekstremistlardan maqtovlar

Ba'zi musulmonlar siyosiy maqsadlar uchun voqealarni islomiy ma'noda da'vo qildilar. Fort Hood hujumlaridan so'ng, Anvar al-Avlaki Xasanning harakatlarini maqtadi:[153]

Nidal Xasan [sic ] - bu qahramon. U vijdonli odam, u musulmon bo'lish va o'z xalqiga qarshi jang qilish armiyasida xizmat qilish qarama-qarshiligiga dosh berolmadi ... Har qanday munosib musulmon yashay olmaydi, Yaratuvchisi va musulmonlar oldidagi vazifalarini to'g'ri tushunadi va shu bilan birga xizmat qiladi AQSh qurolli kuchlari a'zosi sifatida. AQSh terrorizmga qarshi urushga rahbarlik qilmoqda, bu aslida Islomga qarshi urushdir. [154][155]

Al-Avlaki buni uzoq Internet.message qismi sifatida joylashtirdi.[156]

2010 yil mart oyida Al-Qoida vakili Adam Yahiye Gadahn Xasanni maqtab, garchi u Al-Qoida a'zosi bo'lmagan bo'lsa ham

Mujohid birodar ... bizga bir solih musulmon avtomat bilan o'z diniga va birodarlariga nima qilishi mumkinligini ko'rsatdi ... bu kashshof, iz qoldiruvchi va o'rnak bo'luvchi ... va intiladi Alloh oldidagi burchini ado eting va musulmonlarni dinimizga, muqaddas joylarimizga va vatanimizga qilingan vahshiy, yuraksiz va qonli sionist salibchilar hujumidan himoya qiling.[157]

Hujumlardan bir necha soat oldin CNN intervyu va Nyu-York shahar tashkilotining chaqirilgan videosini joylashtirdi Inqilob musulmon, Yunes Abdulloh Muhammad (islomni qabul qilgan yahudiy) Nyu-York masjidi oldida nutq so'zlab, AQSh "qurolli kuchlari" "qonuniy nishon" ekanligini va Usama bin Laden ularning namunasi bo'lganligini aytdi. Hujumlardan keyingi oqshom Inqilob Musul Amerikadagi saytlardan biri bo'lgan o'z veb-saytida Xasanni qo'llab-quvvatladi. Videoda RM Amerika "qurolli kuchlarini" "abadiy do'zaxda o'ldirilgan terrorchilar" deb ta'riflagan.[158] Ba'zi musulmonlar tashkilotni qoraladilar.[158][159]

2009 yil noyabr oyida Ansor al-mujohidlar tarmog'ining press-relizida Xasan namuna sifatida keltirilgan. Ular uni "zamonaviy sionist-xristian salib yurishlari" ga qarshi kurashda "jasur va qahramonlik ishi" uchun tabrikladilar.[158]

Retrospektiv tahlillar

Harbiy faol, Selena Koppa, dedi: "Bu odam ruhiy salomatlik bo'yicha mutaxassis edi va har kuni boshqa ruhiy kasalliklar bo'yicha mutaxassislar bilan ish olib borar edi va ular o'rtalarida kimdir qanchalik chuqur bezovtaligini payqamadilar."[160] Filipp Sheruell va Aleks Spillius, jurnalistlar Telegraf"yozishicha," tanishlariga ko'ra Xasanga xos xususiyatlar - o'zini tutib turadigan, beozor, jirkanch, ijtimoiy jihatdan noqulay va hech qachon qiz do'sti bo'lganligi ma'lum bo'lmagan boshqa ommaviy qotillarga nisbatan qo'llanilgan. "[49]

Xasanning ishongan e'tiqodlari ham ba'zi tengdoshlari uchun tashvish tug'dirdi. Noma'lum manbaga ko'ra, Hasan intizomiy jazoga tortilgan "prozelitizm about his Muslim faith with patients and colleagues", while at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS);[161] Telegraf reported an incident in which some attendees felt one of his lectures, expected to be of a medical nature, became a diatribe against "kofirlar ". Air Force doctor Val Finnell, a former medical school classmate, complained to superiors about Hasan's "anti-American rants", said: "The system is not doing what it's supposed to do. He at least should have been confronted about these beliefs, told to cease and desist, and to shape-up or ship out."[160]

Before revealing the contents of the e-mails, Jarret Braxman, a scholar of terrorism, said Hasan's contacts with al-Awlaki raised "huge red flags". According to Brachman, al-Awlaki is a major influence internationally on English-speaking jihadists.[162]

The Dallas ertalabki yangiliklari reported on November 17 ABC News, citing noma'lum manbalar, reported Law Enforcement Officials suspect the attacks were triggered by the refusal of Hasan's superiors to process his requests sought to have some of his patients prosecuted for harbiy jinoyatlar based on statements they made during psychiatric sessions with him. Dallas attorney Patrick McLain, a former Marine, opined Hasan was lawfully justified in sharing privileged information from his patients, but it was impossible to be sure without knowing that information. Some fellow psychiatrists complained to superiors Hasan's requests violated shifokor - bemorning imtiyozi.[163]

Shortly after the attacks, General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the Army, said the

"real tragedy" would be harming the cause of diversity, saying, "As great a tragedy as this was, it would be a shame if our diversity became a casualty as well."[164] Several months later, in a February 2010 interview, Casey said, "Our diversity—not only in our Army, but in our country, is a strength. And as horrific as this tragedy was, if our diversity becomes a casualty, I think that's worse."[165]

FBI direktori Robert Myuller tayinlangan Uilyam Vebster, a former director of the FBI, to conduct an independent review of the bureau's handling of investigations related to Hasan and whether they missed indicators of an attack. Webster was selected for the job due to, as Mueller stated, "uniquely qualified" for such a review,[166] and the Webster Commission's press-release includes several recommendations including written policies to "...clarify the ownership of leads, integration of databases, and acquiring search capabilities for all relevant databases based on computational analysis of textual data to replace simple keyword searches...".[167]

Media analysis and political statements

On the November 9, 2009, Fox News yakshanba show, U.S. Senator Djo Liberman called for a probe by his Senatning Milliy xavfsizlik va davlat ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitasi. In his press-release, Lieberman said,

if the reports we're receiving of various statements he made, acts he took, are valid, he turned to Islamist extremism ... if that is true, the murder of these thirteen people was a terrorist act ... I think it's very important to let the Army and the FBI go forward with this investigation before we reach any conclusions.[168][169]

The November 23 cover of the European and U.S. editions of Vaqt magazine featured a photograph of Hasan, with the title "Terrorist?" over his eyes.[170] Nancy Gibbs reported the cover story: "Hasan matched the classic model of the lone, strange, crazy killer: the quiet and gentle man who formed few close human attachments."[171] She noted, "Hasan's motives were mixed enough everyone with an agenda could find markers in the trail he left."[171] Bryus Xofman, a terrorism scholar and Jorjtaun universiteti professor, told Gibbs "I used to argue it was only terrorism if it were part of some identifiable organized conspiracy ... the nature of terrorism is changing, and Major Hasan may be an example of that".[171] The Christian Science Monitor also questioned whether Hasan was a terrorist.[172]

14-noyabr kuni The New York Times asked: "Was Major Hasan a terrorist, driven by religious extremism to attack fellow soldiers he had come to see as the enemy? Was he a troubled loner, a misfit who cracked when ordered sent to a war zone whose gruesome casualties he spent the last six years caring for? Or was he both?"[173] The reporters write, "Major Hasan may be the latest example of an increasingly common type of terrorist, self-radicalized with the help of the Internet, and wreaks[sic] havoc without support from overseas networks and without having to cross a border to reach his target."[173]

Ommaviy madaniyatda

Eric Berman, in his album "oh pathetic ridiculous heart", composed the song "not a simple story" following the background of the attacks. The song describes Hassan's biography and his deterioration leading him to attack.

Qamoqxona hayoti

Following his conviction and sentencing, Nidal Hasan was incarcerated at the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining intizomiy kazarmalari da Leavenworth Fort in Kansas to await execution. According to Chris Haug, Fort Hood's Chief of Media Relations, Hasan was stripped of his rank and dismissed from the US Army.[6] Hasan would only be referred to as "Inmate Nidal Hasan" going forward.[6] On September 5, 2013, prison staff force-shaved Hasan. Fort Leavenworth authorities justified their decision by citing Hasan would be subject to Army regulations although he was dismissed from the Army and forfeited all pay and allowances. Despite Army regulations banning personnel from facial hair, Hasan stopped shaving following the Fort Hood attacks in 2009 by citing his religious beliefs.[174][175] Although no new photos of Hasan are released since his incarceration, military authorities confirmed a video recording of the force-shaving exists per military regulations. In response, John Galligan, Hasan's former civilian lawyer, planned to sue the military for violating his religious beliefs. Galligan argued a military council in 2012 allowed Hasan to keep his beard for the duration of the trial, and dismissed the Army's actions as vindictive.[176]

On August 28, 2014, his attorney said Hasan wrote to Abu Bakr al-Bag'dodiy, keyin bosh Iroq va Shom Islom davlati (IShID). In the letter, Hasan requested to be made a citizen of the Islamic State, and included his signature and the abbreviation SoA (Soldier of Alloh ).[177][178]

Shuningdek qarang

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