Kvebekdagi baykerlar urushi - Quebec Biker War

Kvebekdagi baykerlar urushi
Qismi Kanadadagi jinoyatchilik
"Do'zax farishtalari" ning Quebec Nomad bo'limining ko'ylagi
Sana	1994–2002
Manzil	Buyuk Monreal, Kvebek, Kanada
Sababi	Giyohvand moddalar savdosi bo'yicha jinoiy nizolar
Natija	Politsiya xizmatlari tomonidan buzilish
Fuqarolik nizolari tomonlari
Jahannam farishtalari Monrealning rokchilari Rizzuto jinoyatchilari oilasi Tosh mashinasi Farishtalarga qarshi kurashish uchun ittifoq Pelletier klani Mahalliy giyohvand moddalar sotuvchilari Qo'llab-quvvatlash: Bandidos Kvebek hukumati Séreté du Québec Monreal politsiya xizmati RCMP OPP
Etakchi raqamlar
Moris Boucher Nikolo Rizzuto Fred Fosher Silvain Pelletier†[1] Garold Pelletier Jak Parizo (1996 yilgacha) Lucien Bouchard (2001 yilgacha) Bernard Landri (2001 yildan keyin)
Zarar ko'rgan narsalar
O'limlar)	+160
Hibsga olingan	~100

The Kvebekdagi baykerlar urushi (Frantsuz: Guerre des motards au Québec ) 1994 yilda boshlangan va 2002 yil oxirigacha davom etgan shiddatli maysazor urushi edi Monreal, Kvebek, Kanada, ning Kvebek filiali o'rtasida Jahannam farishtalari va Tosh mashinasi. 2002 yil mart oyida amerikalik jurnalist Julian Rubinshteyn baykerlar urushi haqida shunday yozgan edi: "Ushbu voqea Kanadadan tashqarida qanchalik kam e'tiborni tortganligini hisobga olsak, bu juda ajablanarli: 162 kishi o'lgan, ko'p odamlar yaralangan. Qurbonlar orasida o'ldirilgan 11 yoshli bola bor. Viloyat atrofiga joylashtirilgan 80 dan ortiq bomba velosipedchisidan birining parchalari. Hatto Nyu-York mafiyasi ham o'zining gullab-yashnagan davrida hech qachon bunday qirg'inni yoki shunchaki dahshatli tinch aholini ishlab chiqarmagan. "^[2]

Kelib chiqishi

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Ma'lumot manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. Manbalarni toping: "Kvebekdagi baykerlar urushi"  – Yangiliklar  · gazetalar  · kitoblar  · olim  · JSTOR (Aprel 2020) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

1980-yillarning boshlarida Kvebekdagi yirik velosipedchilar to'dasi SS bo'lgan, oq supremacist velosipedchilar to'dasi boshchiligida. Moris Boucher va Salvatore Cazzetta, uyushgan jinoyatchilikda kim hukmronlik qilgan Pointe-aux-Trembles Monreal tumani.^[3] Vaqtida ikkalasi o'rtasida ziddiyat paydo bo'ldi Lennoksvildagi qirg'in 1985 yilda Cazzetta Hells Angels bilan hech qachon ishlamaslikka va'da bergan va 1986 yilda akasi Jovanni bilan Rok mashinasini yaratgan.^[3][4]

Boucher, aksincha, 16 yoshli qizni zo'rlagani uchun 40 oylik qamoq jazosini o'tab bo'lganidan so'ng, Lennoksvildagi qatliomdan ta'sirlanib, farishtalar uning didi uchun etarlicha shafqatsiz ekanliklarini isbotladilar va oxir-oqibat Hells farishtalariga qo'shildilar. Kvebek filialining etakchisiga aylanish.^[3][5] Jurnalist Jeyms Dubro Kvebekdagi noqonuniy velosiped haqida: "Kvebekda har doim ko'proq zo'ravonlik bo'lgan. Velosipedchilar dunyosida bu" Qizil zona "deb nomlangan. Men eslayman Qonundan tashqari Menga Monrealga borishdan qo'rqqanimni aytgan odam. "^[6]

Urush shunday boshlandi Jahannam farishtalari yilda Kvebek 1993 yilda viloyatda ko'cha darajasida giyohvand moddalar savdosida monopoliyani o'rnatish uchun turtki berishni boshladi.^[4] Kvebekda noqonuniy giyohvand moddalarning aksariyati mafiya tomonidan baykerlar to'dalari tomonidan turli ko'cha darajasidagi giyohvand moddalar sotuvchilarga tarqatilayotganda olib kelingan.^[7]

Kvebekdagi velosiped to'dalari bo'yicha ekspert, jurnalist André Cédillot o'z intervyusida: "Mafiya importga mas'ul bo'lgan va Hells farishtalari distribyutor bo'lgan. Xalqaro miqyosda mafiya Hells Angelsga qaraganda yaxshiroq obro'ga ega, chunki kolumbiyaliklar buni qilmaydi. do'zax farishtalariga ishon, ammo ular mafiyaga ishonadilar. "^[7] Kvebekda mafiya kuchi faqat sitsiliyaliklar yoki kelib chiqishi sitsiliyaliklar uchun ochiq bo'lganligi sababli cheklangan edi. Aksincha, velosipedchilar asosan frantsuz-kanadalik edi va qolmoqda.^[3]

Italo-Kanadalik Cazzetta mafiya a'zosi bo'lmagan, ammo u Monreal mafiyasi bilan yaqin aloqada bo'lgan va uning mafiya aloqalari natijasida Hells Angels u rahbarlik qilgan ekan, Rock Machine-ga qarshi chiqishni xohlamagan. .^[4][8] Cazzetta ko'pincha Monrealdagi 1980-yillarning oxiri - 90-yillarning boshlarida mafiya tomonidan nazorat qilinmagan barcha uyushgan jinoyatchilar ustidan nazorat olib boruvchi sifatida ta'riflanadi.^[9]

Hells Angels 1977 yilda Kvebekka birinchi bo'lib kirgan, ammo guruh tomonidan juda zaiflashgan Lennoksvildagi qirg'in 1985 yil 24 martda Lavaldagi "Farishtalar" bo'limining beshta a'zosi hamkasblari tomonidan otib tashlanganida.^[10]

Keyinchalik vakuumni Monrealda joylashgan "Rok mashinasi" singari bir qator uyushgan jinoiy guruhlar to'ldirdi va faqatgina 1990-yillarning boshlarida faqatgina farishtalar Monrealda uyushgan jinoyatchilikning asosiy kuchiga aylanishdi.^[10]

Farishtalarning Laval bobi tugatilgach, Sorel bobining rahbarlari ular ham nishonga olinganligini bilib, Kanadaga qochib ketishdi. Sorel bo'limining yangi prezidenti bo'ladigan Boucher tezda zinapoyalarga ko'tarildi.^[5]

Qirg'indan keyin, Kanadalik Hells Angels milliy prezidenti Mishel "Sky" Langois birinchi darajali qotillik va "to'liq yamoq" ga aylangan Boucher ayblovi bilan hibsga olish to'g'risida order chiqarilgandan so'ng Kanadadan Marokashga qochib ketdi. 1987 yil 1-mayda Hells Anxel o'sha yili Monreal Saut bo'limining prezidenti bo'ldi.^[5]

Boucherning do'stlaridan biri Gaf Ljep edi, u Montreal politsiyasining sobiq xodimi, mafiya bilan asosiy aloqasi bo'lgan Mafiosi bilan aloqasi uchun ishdan bo'shatilgan.^[11]

1992 yilda, ko'proq a'zolarni jalb qilish uchun "Farishtalar" qo'g'irchoqlar klubi "Rokers" ni yaratdi. Bu farishtalar tomonidan kengroq taktika bo'lib, ko'proq odam kuchi va jahannam farishtasi bo'lish uchun jinoyat sodir etishni istagan izdoshlarning keng doirasini taqdim etish edi.^[12]

G'ayriqonuniy velosiped dunyosida qo'g'irchoqlar klubi a'zolari odatda jinoyatlarni Hells Angels doirasida "istiqbol" darajasiga ko'tarilish umidida qilishadi.^[13]

Britaniyalik politsiyachi jurnalist Patrik Lejteniyga "Hells Angels" ning qo'g'irchoq klublaridan foydalanishi to'g'risida gapirib berdi: "Biroq, yangi yollanuvchilar huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralari yoki hatto jurnalistlar tomonidan buzilgan bo'lishi mumkinligi haqidagi paranoyalar ularning tanloviga katta g'azabni keltirib chiqarmoqda. Buning oldini olish uchun potentsial a'zolar Bok kabi muomala qilishadi va o'zlarining qadr-qimmatini isbotlash uchun turli xil vazifalarni bajarishni so'rashadi, bu ko'pincha kamsituvchi yoki noqonuniydir, chunki mantiqiy asosga ko'ra, UC [yashirin] politsiyachisi yoki shunga o'xshash kishi bu uchun oshqozonga ega bo'lmaydi yoki haqiqatan ham buni amalga oshirish uchun zarur vakolatlarga ega bo'lmaydi. Buning salbiy tomoni shundaki, eskirganlik darajasi yuqori ... Ammo yamoq kiyishga bel bog'laganlar ... buyurganlarini bajaradilar va shu sababli bu to'dalar juda xavfli bo'lib qolmoqda. "^[13]

Cazzetta 1994 yilda Qo'shma Shtatlarga kokain import qilganlikda ayblanib hibsga olinganida, farishtalar Rock Machine-ga qarshi chiqish imkoniyatini ko'rishdi.^[4][3] U 10 yilni AQSh qamoqxonasida 200 kilogramm kokainni Kanadaga olib kirishga uringani uchun o'tkazgan.^[9] Bir qator giyohvand moddalar savdogarlari va jinoyatchilar oilalari qarshilik ko'rsatib, "Farishtalarga qarshi kurash ittifoqi" kabi guruhlarni tuzdilar.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Urush boshlanishi

The guerre des motards ko'plab muassasalarning bombardimon qilinishi va ikkala tomonning qotilliklariga olib keldi. Bu 150 dan ortiq odamni hayotdan olib ketdi,^[14] shu jumladan, ba'zi bir begunoh odamlar, masalan Deniel Desrochers, 11 yoshli bola portlatilgan jip yonida o'ynab o'tirganida shrapneldan o'limga shikast etkazdi.^[15]

Urush asosan Monrealda 1994 yil 19 oktyabrda o'z mashinasida o'qqa tutilgan narkotik sotuvchisi Mauris Lavoyeni o'ldirish bilan boshlangan deb hisoblanadi; qiz do'sti yaralangan.^[16] Lavoyi ilgari Rok mashinasi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan Pelletier klanidan o'z mahsulotlarini sotib olgan, ammo yaqinda Hells Angelsga o'tgan va natijada Pelletier Clan Lavoie-ni o'ldirish uchun Patrik Kall ismli jinoyatchini yollagan.^[16]

1994 yil 28 oktyabrda Pelletier klanining etakchisi Silvain Pelletier, Hells Angels tomonidan o'ldirilgan va u ulardan mollarini sotib olmagan har qanday giyohvand savdogarini o'ldirish bilan tahdid qilgan.^[16] Ushbu qotilliklardan so'ng, Hells Angels va Rock Machine o'rtasida Monrealda giyohvand moddalar savdosini boshqarish uchun tobora qotil kurash boshlandi, bu 2002 yilgacha tugamaydi.^[16]

Ikkala velosiped to'dasining eng sevimli quroli minalar va qurilish maydonlaridan o'g'irlangan dinamit edi. Dinamitdan foydalanish atrofdagi odamlarni yaralash yoki o'ldirish xavfi, shuningdek uni qurol sifatida ishlatadiganlar uchun katta xavf tug'diradi.^[10]

Pelletier o'ldirilgandan so'ng, Monrealning mustaqil giyohvand moddalar sotuvchilari uning ukasi Garold Pelletier boshchiligidagi "Farishtalarga qarshi kurash ittifoqi" ni tuzdilar, uning birinchi harakati Bouherni o'ldirishga urinish edi.^{[JSSV? ]} 1994 yil noyabrda. Pelletier klanining yana bir a'zosi Martin Simard yuk mashinasini to'ldirish uchun etarlicha o'g'irlangan dinamitni sotib oldi, uni Alliance a'zosi Martin Pellerin Boucherning sevimli restoranidan tashlab qo'ydi.^[17] Rejada Boucher kelganida uni va restorandagi barcha odamlarni o'ldirgan portlovchi moddalarni masofadan boshqarish pulti yordamida yo'lga qo'yish kerak edi, ammo Monrealdagi avtoulov zobiti yuk mashinasining noqonuniy to'xtab qolganini va uni tortib olganini payqadi va shu bilan bilmasdan fitnani buzdi.^[17]

Pelletier klani va Rok mashinasi "Farishtalarga qarshi kurash ittifoqi" ning eng ko'zga ko'ringan qismlari bo'lgan, ammo uning eng ta'sirchan qismi o'ta maxfiy bo'lgan Dark Circle, tashqi ko'rinishida hurmatga sazovor bo'lgan Monreal ishbilarmonlari guruhi bo'lib, ular yashirincha giyohvand moddalar savdosi bilan shug'ullangan. .^[18] "Dark Circle" ning umumiy jihati shundaki, ularning barchasi giyohvand moddalar sotiladigan bar va / yoki restoranlarga egalik qilgan va giyohvand moddalar pullari yuvilgan; barlar, asosan, pul mablag'larini legallashtirishga yaxshi qarz berib, operatsiyalar ko'pincha naqd pulda bo'lgan biznes edi.^[19]

Pelletier klani va Rok mashinasi mushakni, Dark Circle esa pulni beradi, deb kelishib olindi. To'q doiraning etakchisini besh kishilik qo'mita ta'minladi. Monrealdagi maktab o'qituvchisi Mishel Dyuklos bu rais edi, u barga ham ega edi, u giyohvand moddalar savdosidan tushgan daromadlarni yuvish uchun front edi.^[18]

1994 yil noyabrda, Rokersning norozi a'zosi, Deni Keyn katta farishtalar etakchisi Devid "Bo'ri" Kerolning homiysi, politsiyaga ma'lumot sotmoqchi ekanligini aytib, Ottavadagi Interpol ofisiga murojaat qildi.^[20] Kerrol 1984 yilda Galifaksda "Farishtalar" bo'limiga asos solgan va 1990 yilda Monrealdagi bobning prezidenti Mauris Bucherga yordam berish uchun Monrealga ko'chib o'tgan, garchi frantsuz tili juda cheklangan edi.^[21] Odatda Karol Monrealda farishtalarni Ontarioga rejalashtirilgan kengayishiga yordam berish uchun kelgan deb ishonishadi, chunki u milliy prezident bilan birga Volodumir "Valget the Nurget" Stadnik va Donald "Pup" Stokford Kvebekdagi farishtalar rahbariyatidagi yagona anglos edi. Stadnik ham, Stokford ham frantsuz tilida gaplashmadilar va politsiya tinglashlari shuni ko'rsatdiki, farishtalar rahbarlari uchrashganda, ular ishtirok etishi uchun tarjimonlar kerak edi.^[22] 1985 yildan 1987 yilgacha Kerrol Kvebek qamoqxonasida ikki yilni Lennoksvildagi qatliomdagi roli uchun birinchi darajali qotillik ayblovini kutib o'tirgan va shu vaqt ichida u frantsuz tilini o'rgangan.^[23]

Kerol va Stadnikning iltimosiga binoan Keyn Torontoda farishtalar uchun "Demon Keepers" nomli qo'g'irchoq klubini tashkil etdi. Biroq, jinlar qo'riqchilari fiyasko edi va Keyn politsiya bilan ishlash orqali qasos olishga intildi. Interpol Keynni Monrealdan kapital Per Verdonni unga xizmatchi qilib tayinlagan Kanada qirollik politsiyasi (RCMP) shtab serjanti Jan-Per Levesk bilan aloqaga qo'ydi. 1994 yil 4 noyabrda bo'lib o'tgan birinchi uchrashuvida Keyn Verdonga Kvebekdagi farishtalarning etakchisi Mauris "Mom" Bouher ekanligini aytdi, uni boshqa farishtalar juda qo'rqqan va hech kimni o'ldirishni rejalashtirgan o'ta xavfli odam deb ta'rifladi. va Kvebekdagi giyohvand moddalar savdosini o'z zimmasiga olish rejasida unga qarshi chiqishi mumkin bo'lgan har bir kishi.^[24]

Keyn tomonidan RCMP-ga sotilgan ba'zi ma'lumotlar o'z manfaati va noto'g'ri edi, chunki u 1995 yilda o'zi sodir etgan qotillik uchun boshqa farishtani ayblagan, ammo umuman, Keynning ma'lumotlari aniq va asosiy manbadir farishtalar nuqtai nazaridan baykerlar urushi haqida ma'lumot.^[25]

Keyn bir nechta ma'noda ikki tomonlama hayot kechirayotgan edi, chunki go'yo to'g'ri Keyn boshqa Rokker bilan yashirin munosabatda bo'lgan, Aime Simard. Keyn Verdonga farishtalardan biri, Skot Shtaynert ismli Monrealda yashovchi amerikalikning urushda g'alaba qozonish uchun hamma narsani qilishga tayyorligini va dinamit sotib olishga shoshilib ketganini aytib, Bouher va Shtaynert ikkalasi ham bu haqda bilganlarida g'azablanishganini aytdi. restoran qoldirgan dinamit yuklangan yuk mashinasi.^[17]

Ko'chmanchilar va Daniel Desrochersning o'limi

1995 yil 24 iyunda Boucher boshqa qismlardan farqli o'laroq geografik chegarasi bo'lmagan va butun Kanadada faoliyat yuritishi kerak bo'lgan "Farishtalar" ning elita bo'limi bo'lgan "Nomads" ni yaratdi.^[12] Ko'chmanchilarga qo'shilish uchun ariza beruvchilar qotilliklarni amalga oshirishi kerak edi, bu esa hech qanday yashirin politsiya agentlari "Ko'chmanchilar" bo'limiga kira olmasligini ta'minladi.

Bundan tashqari, ko'chmanchilarga o'zlarini isbotlagan eng sifatli farishtalargina qo'shilishlari mumkin edi.^[12] 1977 yilda tashkil topgan Kanadaning eng qadimgi farishtalar bobi bo'lgan Anxelning Monreal bobining bir nechta a'zolari - Kanadadagi "Hells Angels" ning birinchi bobi sifatida ko'chmanchilar ularni soya qilish usulidan norozi bo'lishdi, ammo hech kim Boucherga qarshi chiqishga jur'at etmadi.^[26]

Eng taniqli voqeada guerre des motards, 1995 yil 9-avgustda, narkobiznes bilan shug'ullanuvchi Mark Dube jipiga o'rnatilgan bomba bilan o'ldirilgan, shraplinlar esa 11 yoshli bolakay Deniel Desrochersga og'ir jarohat etkazgan, u to'rt kundan keyin olgan jarohati tufayli vafot etgan.^[16]

Dube Hells Angels klubi binosidan chiqib ketayotgan edi Xochelaga-Maisonneuve u o'ldirilgan paytda Monrealning mahallasida joylashgan va bomba o'rnatgan farishtalar yoki Rok mashinasi bo'lganmi yoki yo'qmi noma'lum bo'lib qolmoqda.^[16] Keyn Verdonga bergan hisobotlarida, u mag'rur va tajovuzkor bezori deb ta'riflagan Shtaynert Desrochersning o'limidan keyin juda g'alati harakat qilganini eslatib o'tdi.^[27]

Keyn Shtaynertni juda xavotirda ekanligini va nihoyat qamoqqa tushishi yoki Kanadadan deportatsiya qilinishi mumkinligidan qo'rqishini izohladi, bu esa Keynni Desrochersni o'ldirgan bombani o'zi tashkillashtirgan degan xulosaga keldi va endi xavotirda edi politsiyaning qatag'oni to'g'risida (Shtaynert bolaning o'limida o'zini aybdor deb bilmagan).^[27]

Keyn xabar berdi: "O'sha kundan boshlab Shtaynert endi u buyurtirgan bomba haqida gapirmadi va boshqa hech qachon bomba ishlatish haqida gapirmadi. Shtaynert ba'zi ekipaj a'zolaridan bombardimon haqida nima deb o'ylashlarini so'radi ... Ular unga qotil kerak deb o'ylashlarini aytganda. tugatilsin, Shtaynert javob bermadi va o'ta o'ylanib qoldi ".^[28]

Keynning so'zlariga ko'ra, Boucher va Shtaynert jamoatchilik Rok mashinasini ayblashiga umid qilgan holda, o'zlarining birini, ayniqsa, shafqatsiz tarzda o'ldirish orqali jamoatchilik fikrini qozonish rejasini muhokama qilishgan; Qurbon qilinadigan kishi sifatida farishtalar uchun ishlaydigan past darajadagi giyohvand moddalar sotuvchisi Dube tanlandi.^[28] RCMP hisobotida Shtaynert "o'zini o'zi tuta olmaydigan juda zo'ravon va shafqatsiz psixopat" deb ta'riflanib, u bombardimon qilishda asosiy gumondor bo'lgan degan xulosaga keldi.^[28] RCMP, Dubeni o'ldirgan bombani kim boshqargan bo'lsa, ko'cha bo'ylab o'ynayotgan bolalar borligini bilishi haqiqatan ham Shtaynertning fe'l-atvori va Keyn xabar bergan narsalarga mos kelishini aytdi.^[28]

Qo'mondon André Buchard Ville-de-Montreal politsiya xizmati "Bugun aminmanki, bomba portlashi uchun tugmachani bosgan odam ko'cha bo'ylab bolalarni ko'rgan. U ko'chada bolalarni ko'rmaslikning iloji yo'q edi".^[29] 1995 yil 15 sentyabrda Richard "Qarg'a" Emond qiz do'stiga mashinadan tushishiga yordam berayotganda avtoturargohda o'qqa tutildi va Rok mashinasi tomonidan o'ldirilgan birinchi "to'liq yamoq" Hells Angel bo'ldi.^[30] 1995 yil oktyabrga kelib, politsiya Monrealda sodir etilgan 30 qotillikni baykerlar urushiga aloqador deb ro'yxatlaydi.^[17]

G'azabga qaramay, qirg'inni to'xtatish uchun juda oz narsa qilingan Ville-de-Montreal politsiya xizmati, uzoq vaqtdan beri Kanadadagi eng korruptsiyalashgan politsiya kuchi sifatida tanilgan, ikkala velosiped to'dasidan pora olishni va boshqa tomonga qarashni afzal ko'rgan.^[16] Velosipedchilardan pora olishni istamagan politsiyachilar o'zlarini o'ldirish bilan tahdid qilishganini ko'rishdi va ularning mashinalari o't o'chiruvchilar tomonidan yoqib yuborildi.^[10] 1998 yilda Monrealda yashirin ishlagan bir politsiyachi sudyalar, prokurorlar va sudyalar pora olgani sababli velosipedchilarga qarshi ayblovlarni sudga berish imkonsizligidan shikoyat qildi.^[10]

Benoit Roberj, katta detektiv Ville-de-Montreal politsiya xizmati to'xtatish uchun mas'ul guerre des motards, o'rniga Rene Charlebois ismli Hells Angels rahbari bilan yaqin ishbilarmonlik aloqalarini o'rnatdi va unga ma'lumot sotdi.^[16] Keyn 1995 yilda uning ishchilariga Monreal politsiyasining yuqori lavozimidagi kimdir Boucher haqidagi ma'lumotni sotayotgani haqida aytgan edi, chunki Boucher unga ko'pincha politsiya u haqida hamma narsani bilaman, deb maqtagan edi.^[31] Shuningdek, Keyn RCMPga Hells Angels ma'lumot olish uchun politsiyachining haftalik ish haqini ikki baravar to'laganini va Monreal politsiyasining ko'p qismi ular uchun ishlayotganini aytdi, shuning uchun u RCMP hech qachon Monreal politsiyasi bilan ma'lumot almashmasligi kerakligini so'radi.^[32]

Baykerlarning noqonuniy ishlarini ko'rib chiqish bilan bog'liq qo'shimcha muammo Kvebekdagi toj-advokatlarning shtati edi. Monrealda o'z xizmatida to'rtta kotib bo'lgan 84 ta toj-prokuror (prokuror) bor edi, ular toj-prokurorlardan o'zlarining hujjatlarini ko'p qilishlarini talab qilishdi, bu ularga ishlarga tayyorgarlik ko'rish uchun oz vaqt qoldirdi.^[33] Bundan tashqari, 2002 yilgacha Kvebekdagi valiahd advokatlar kompyuterlari bilan ta'minlanmagan, bu ularni yozuvlarini yozuv mashinalarida yoki qo'lda yozishga majbur qilgan, shuningdek, onlayn jinoiy ma'lumotlar bazalariga kirish imkoniga ega bo'lmagan. Monrealdagi qonun kutubxonasi shu qadar eskirgan ediki, toj advokatlari ba'zan advokatlardan hozirgi sud amaliyoti to'g'risida ma'lumot so'rashlariga to'g'ri kelardi.^[33]

Kvebekdagi toj-advokatlar Kanadada eng past maoshga ega bo'lib, Ontarioda valiahd advokatlar ishlab topgan ish haqining yarmini oladilar va noqonuniy velosiped ishlarini olib borganlar o'zlari va oilalari uchun xavfsizlikni ta'minlamaydilar.^[34] Odatda bitta toj advokatiga odatda boshqa viloyatlarda tayinlangan to'rt yoki oltitaning o'rniga noqonuniy velosipedchilarga tegishli ish qo'yiladi va bosimga dosh berolmaydiganlar ularning rahbarlari tomonidan muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan.^[35] Qonundan tashqari velosipedchilar odatda yaxshi maoshli advokatlarga ega bo'lishganligi sababli, valiahd advokatlar tez-tez ishdan chiqishga olib keladigan og'ir ish yuki bilan o'zlarini hayratda qoldirishgan.^[35]

1986 yilda Lennoksvildagi qatliom uchun javobgar shaxslarni jinoiy javobgarlikka tortgan valiahd advokat Rene Domingue 1995 yilda "Carcajou Operation" otryadiga uning yuridik maslahatchisi sifatida tayinlangan.^[35] Domingue ta'kidlashicha, Crown Carcajou jamoasiga 5 million dollar miqdorida byudjet ajratgan, ammo kron advokatlari uchun hech kim: "Men yarim kunlik ishda yolg'iz edim. Men aqldan ozgandek yugurib yurdim va hech qanday munosib ish qila olmayapman".^[35]

1997 yilda Hells Angel Angel Vallée-ni jinoiy javobgarlikka tortgan yana bir toj advokati, Fransua Legault bu ishni yolg'iz o'zi ko'rib chiqdi va ba'zi politsiya ishlarini o'zi bajarishi kerak edi.^[35] Legault shunday dedi: "Politsiya butunlay tartibsiz edi. Ular bunday ishni qanday qilishni bilmas edilar. Ular dalillarni to'g'ri tashkil etish uchun tuzilishga ega emas edilar." Vallée ishi bo'yicha haftasiga 75 soat davomida bir yildan ortiq vaqt davomida hech qanday yordamisiz ishlagandan so'ng, Legault asabiylashib, ishni yo'qotib qo'ydi.^[35] Legault qo'shib qo'ydi: "" Men charchagan edim va o'sha paytdan beri sudga murojaat qilmadim. Men odamlar endi meni qobiliyatim yo'q deb o'ylashlarini his qilyapman. Bunga stigma ham qo'shilgan ".^[35]

Valiahd advokat Lucie Dufresne, 1998 yilda "Rok mashinasi" dan Jan-Mark Kaysini o'ldirishda ayblangan beshta Rokkerning ishi bo'yicha beshta advokatni qabul qilganida o'zini topdi. Dufresne shunday dedi: "Men yordam so'radim va menga rad javobini berishdi. Bu juda katta ish bo'lib, har xil dalillarga ega, elektron tinglovchilar va axborot beruvchi. Va menga" Hech kim yo'q "deyishdi".^[35] Sud jarayoni o'rtalarida Dyufresne o'zini "xorlovchi" asabiy tanazzulga duchor qildi. Dufrense 1998 yildan beri ishni sudda ko'rmagan: "Men buni yaxshi ko'raman, lekin men boshqa qobiliyatim yo'q. Siz mashina sinib ketguncha itarasiz va itarasiz. Bu erda ko'rish har doim qisqa muddatli bo'ladi".^[36] Domingue jurnalistlarga Julien Sher va Uilyam Marsdenga shunday dedi: "Agar siz" Hells Angels "ga qarshi hal qilingan ishlarda muvaffaqiyat darajasi yoki foiziga nazar tashlasangiz, men ular jazosiz o'ldirishadi deyishim mumkin. Ularning qonuni ustidan kulishga asoslari bor, chunki ular nima qilishlari mumkin edi. Ular xohladilar, lekin bu erda va u erda g'alati hibsga olish uchun. Biz ularning gullab-yashnashi uchun eng yaxshi joy bo'ldik. Biz ularni jiddiy qabul qilmadik ".^[36]

Carcajou operatsiyasi

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Ma'lumot manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. Manbalarni toping: "Kvebekdagi baykerlar urushi"  – Yangiliklar  · gazetalar  · kitoblar  · olim  · JSTOR (Aprel 2020) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Federal, Kvebek va Monreal hukumatlari Desrochersning o'limidan xalqning g'azabiga javoban 1995 yil 5-oktabrda Kanadadagi Qirollik politsiyasining eng yaxshi detektivlaridan tashkil topgan elita qo'shma ishchi guruhi - "Carcajou" operatsiyasini 1995 yil 5 oktyabrda e'lon qildi. Séreté du Québec va Ville-de-Montreal politsiya xizmati bu velosipedchilar urushini tez va tezda tugatishi va Desrochersning o'limi uchun javobgarlarni javobgarlikka tortishi kerak edi.^[37]

Carcajou operatsiyasi siyosat tufayli fiyasko ekanligini isbotladi. 1994 yildan 2003 yilgacha Kvebek ayirmachilar tomonidan boshqarilgan Parti Québécois (PQ) va Ottava va Kvebek Siti o'rtasidagi munosabatlar eng yaxshi paytlarda juda qiyin bo'lgan. Baykerlar urushi davomida PQ hukumati Liberal Bosh vazirni aybladi Jan Kretien, mavjud qonunlarni da'vo qilish, velosipedchilar bilan ishlash uchun etarli emas edi. PQ rasmiylari, shuningdek, Kanadada jinoiy tashkilotlarga a'zolikni noqonuniy holga keltiradigan Amerika RICO aktsiyasidan keyin tuzilgan qattiq to'dalarga qarshi qonun zarurligini da'vo qildilar.^[38]

Kreten hukumati uzoq vaqt davomida ushbu bosimga qarshi turdi va amaldagi qonunlar velosipedchilar urushi bilan shug'ullanish uchun etarli ekanligini va ularni qo'llash faqat Kvebekka bog'liqligini da'vo qildi. Federal hukumatning RICO tipidagi aktni Ottavaning Kvebekga nisbatan befarqligi isboti sifatida qabul qilishni istamasligidan foydalanib, Kvebek Siti bilan har ikkala tomon ham o'zlarining kun tartibiga ega edilar, shuning uchun Ottava Kvebek shahrining baykerlar urushi bilan kurashishga qodir emasligidan foydalandilar. Kvebekning qonun va tartibni saqlashga layoqatsizligi dalili, shu bilan federalizmni oqlaydi.

Federal va Kvebek hukumatlari o'rtasidagi mojaro RCMP va the Carcajou operatsiyasiga juda ta'sir qildi Séreté du Québec. Detektivlar o'z vaqtlarini bir-birlari bilan janjallashish bilan o'tkazdilar va velosipedchilar tomonidan sodir etilgan jinoyatlarni tergov qilish uchun deyarli jiddiy harakatlarni amalga oshirmadilar, chunki detektivlar o'zlarining vendettalarini bir-biriga qarshi olib borishdan ko'proq manfaatdor edilar.^[39]

Keyinchalik Carcajou operatsiyasida xizmat qilgan bir detektiv jurnalistlarga Uilyam Marsden va Julian Sherlarga aytishicha, Carcajou operatsiyasi bu davrda Kvebek Siti va Ottava o'rtasidagi zaharlangan munosabatlar tufayli umuman samarasiz bo'lgan.^[39]

Tekshirish uchun tashkil etilgan Poitras komissiyasi Séreté du Québec G'arbiy End to'dasi boshlig'i Gerri Mattriksga qarshi ish tergovchilar dalillarni ekish paytida qo'lga tushganda qulab tushgandan so'ng, 1999 yilgi hisobotida Carcajou operatsiyasini katta pul isrofgarligi sifatida portlatdi.^[40]

Poytras komissiyasi, "Carcajou" operatsiyasi disfunktsional munosabatlar, egolik to'qnashuvi va byurokratik kurash bilan ajralib turishini ta'kidladi. Ville-de-Montreal politsiya xizmati faqat quvvatni tortib olishdan manfaatdor va RCMP va Séreté du Québec faqat velosiped urushining davom etishi uchun ayb boshqa xizmatga yuklanishini ta'minlashdan manfaatdor.^[40]

Qo'mondon Buchard 1995 yilda Carcajou operatsiyasiga qo'shildi va velosipedchilardan qo'rqmasligini ko'rsatish uchun har doim to'liq formasini kiyib yurib, noqonuniy velosipedchilar tomonidan nazorat qilinadigan korxonalarni bosqinchilik bilan boshladi.^[41] Dastlab Bouchard Carcajou-ni eng zamonaviy uskunalar bilan ta'minlangan, juda yaxshi moliyalashtirilgan operatsiya deb ta'riflagan, ammo buni ta'riflagan Séreté du Québec Carcajou operatsiyasining bir qismi bo'lgan detektivlar shubhali axloq qoidalariga ega.^[42]

Kvebek shahriga tashrif buyurgan Bouchardni bir necha kishi olib ketishdi Séreté du Québec detektivlar barcha oziq-ovqat va ichimliklar uyda bo'lgan restoranga.^[42] Buchard bu voqeani quyidagicha tasvirlab berdi: "Men ichkariga kiraman, u erda ular ziyofat uyushtirishdi. Bu o'tirish kechki ovqat edi, siz shisha idishingiz va sharobini bir shisha uchun 50 dollar turasiz. Hech kim to'lamaydi. Va siz o'ylayapsizmi, nima bu erda nima bo'layapti? Bu himoyalangan barmi? Ah, yaxshi. Shuning uchun ular hech qachon Hells Angel yoki Rock Machine yoki barda o'tirganlarni tushirmaydi. Ular uni tinch qo'yishadi. Bu yaxshi emas ".^[42]

Buchard shuningdek, Séreté du Québec shubhali xarajatlar hisobvarag'iga ega bo'lgan detektivlar. Buchard shunday dedi: "Mening Monrealdagi yigitlarim biron bir moteldagi manbani so'roq qilmoqdalar, ular pizza va to'rtta koksga buyurtma berishadi, yigit bilan ikki soat gaplashib, keyin klub sendvichiga buyurtma berishadi. Ammo SQ yigitlari kirib kelishdi. [Ritz Carltonda, steykda kechki ovqatda, vinoda. Mendan 800 dollarga qonun hujjatlariga imzo chekishim so'ralgan. Men boraman, men senga imzo chekmayapman, sen bokni so'roq qilyapsan, uni so'roq qilasan motel-siz uni Ritsga olib kelmaysiz. "^[42] Buchard 1996 yilda "hamkorliksiz" munosabatidan nafratlanib, "Carcajou" operatsiyasini tark etganini aytdi Séreté du Québec, "Ular yashirin ishlarni qilishayotgan edi. Biz bilmasdik. Ertasi kuni ertalab bildik: kameralarda etti yigit bor edi. Ular qayerdan paydo bo'lishdi? Ana shunda biroz qo'pol bo'lib qoldi".^[43]

Kanadada Mafiya yoki Hells Angels kabi jinoiy tashkilotga a'zo bo'lish o'z-o'zidan jinoyat emas edi va prokuratura Mafiosi yoki Jahannam farishtasini faqat jinoyat sodir etganligi aniqlansa, sudlashi mumkin edi. Ostida RICO harakati Qo'shma Shtatlarda jinoiy tashkilotga a'zolik jinoiy javobgarlikka tortildi va shu bilan Amerika prokurorlari ishi ancha osonlashdi. Kriten hukumati RICO tipidagi qonunni qabul qilishdan bosh tortdi, chunki u fuqarolik erkinliklari bilan bog'liq muammolarni keltirib chiqardi va eng yaqin qonun 1997 yilda Bill C-95 bilan bo'lib, agar kimdir xizmatida jinoyat sodir etganligi aniqlansa, jazolarni kuchaytirdi. jinoiy tashkilot.^[44] Bill C-95 1997 yilda qabul qilingan va jurnalistlar Timoti Appleu va Tu Thanh Ha Globe and Mail 2000 yilda Bill C-95 jinoyati bo'yicha hech kim sudlanmaganligini kuzatgan.^[44]

Monrealda fitna va qotillik

1995 yil oktyabr oyida farishtalar urushda g'alaba qozonish usulini aks ettirgan holda, Pelletiyer klanining boshliqlaridan biri Garold Pelletier o'zini Séreté du Québec, 1983 yil 7-avgustga o'tar kechasi, Pelletier klaniga to'lashda orqada qolgan Mishel Bolieu ismli giyohvand savdogarini o'ldirganini va politsiyadan jinoyati to'g'risida ko'proq ma'lumot olish uchun farishtalardan himoya qilishini so'ragan. .^[45]

Oxir oqibat, Pelletier 1983-1995 yillarda 17 ta qotillikni sodir etganini tan oldi, ammo u faqat Beulining o'ldirilishida aybdor deb topildi. Pelletierning Beulieu-ni o'ldirishi quyidagicha tasniflangan ikkinchi darajali qotillik, Polietiy uni otishdan oldin mast qilganidan keyin Beeuli uxlab qolganiga qaramay. Qotillik oldindan rejalashtirilganligi sababli, u a deb tasniflanishi kerak edi birinchi darajadagi qotillik.^[46]

1996 yil iyun oyida bo'lib o'tgan sud da'vosida Pelletier umrbod qamoq jazosiga mahkum etildi va u 10 yil xizmat qilganidan keyin muddatidan ilgari shartli ravishda ozod qilinishini va buning evaziga u Monreal jinoyatchilari dunyosi haqida hamma bilganlarini aytib berdi.^[46] Crown Pelletier bilan 17-qotillikda aybdor ekanligini hisobga olib, u Monreal jinoyatchilari dunyosi to'g'risida "ma'lumot koni" bo'lganligi sababli, sud jarayonini oqladi.^[47]

Pelletierning ayblov savdosini boshlash maqsadi - "Farishtalarga qarshi ittifoq" Ittifoq a'zolari bilan farishtalarga o'tib ketayotgani va u farishtalardan Crown himoyasini istagan.^[47] Biroq, Pelletier o'zining prokuratura savdosi shartlarini buzdi, u 2002 yilda u o'ziga yoqmagan mahbusni o'ldirish uchun boshqa qamoqxona mahbusiga pora berishga uringanida, boshqa jinoyatlar sodir etmaslikka va'da berib, tojga o'z shartnomasini bekor qilishga va Pelletier 2006 yil iyun oyida 10 yil oldin va'da qilinganidek chiqarilmadi.^[47]

Pelletier nihoyat 2013 yil dekabrida o'rta maktab ekvivalenti darajasini tugatgandan so'ng alkogolli ichimliklarning Anonim uchrashuvlariga qatnay boshlaganidan keyin va jazoni ijro etish muassasalari xodimlari bilan til topisha olish qobiliyatini namoyish etganidan keyin to'liq shartli ravishda ozod qilindi.^[48]

Desrochersning o'ldirilishi natijasida paydo bo'lgan qo'rquvni engib chiqqandan so'ng, Shtaynert bu vaqtda yuqori darajada yashab, 1996 yil mart oyida farishtalar uchun o'ldirganlarga mukofotlangan "Filthy Few" patchini va shu bilan birga to'liq yamoqni oldi.^[49]

Shtaynert Monrealdagi eng katta sivilce bo'lib, Sensations eskort xizmatiga egalik qiladi, uning Monrealdagi idorasi 1996 yil avgust oyida Rok mashinasi tomonidan o't qo'yilishi natijasida vayron qilingan.^[50] "Sensations" eskort xizmatining muvaffaqiyati Carroll bilan ziddiyatlarni keltirib chiqardi, chunki Adventure escort xizmati Shtaynert fohishalikdan barcha daromadni o'zi uchun xohlagan.^[51]

Shtaynert o'zi deb atagan narsaga asos solgan Cinq guruhi Monrealdagi Xilol ko'chasidagi barcha bar va tungi klublarni egallab olish va Ottavadagi York ko'chasidagi bar va tungi klublarni egallab olish uchun Ontarioga tarqalish.^[51] Shtaynert shuningdek, Toronto, Kingston va Vinnipegdagi barlarni, restoranlarni va tungi klublarni egallab olishni rejalashtirgan.^[51] Kanadadan qoniqish hosil qilmasdan, to'ymas ochko'z Shtaynert Nyu-York mafiya oilasi bilan aloqani o'rnatdi, u erda stsenariychilarni Kvebekdan Dominikan Respublikasidagi mafiya egalariga tegishli kurortga yuborish uchun.^[51]

Boucher Shtaynertni ma'qulladi, uning ish axloqi o'zini "partiya hayvoni" deb e'lon qilgan Kerol bilan qattiq zid edi.^[51] Keyn RCMP-da Shtaynertning o'smirligidan beri Monrealda yashaganligini, ammo u hech qachon Kanada fuqaroligini olmaganligini, bu esa Kanada hukumatining Shtaynertni AQShga qaytarib berish to'g'risida sud qarorini izlashga majbur qilganini eslatib o'tdi.^[52]

1996 yil may oyida Shtaynertning qo'riqchisi Donald "Bam Bam" Magnussen bir ziyofatda o'zini yo'qotib, Hells Angelsga aylanish uchun "yamoq" qilishni rejalashtirgan "Los Bravos" Vinnipeg velosiped to'dasi etakchisi Devid Boykoni o'ldirdi. bu farishtalarning Prairiyalarga kengayish rejalari bilan bog'liq ba'zi muammolarni keltirib chiqardi.^[53] Magnussen momaqaldiroq ko'rfazidan kelgan, aql-zakovati bilan tanilmagan, ammo kattaligi, kuchi va shafqatsizligi tufayli farishtalarga yollangan ulkan odam edi.^[54] Magnussenning ahmoqligi unga qarshi chiqdi, chunki Kerol hech kim Magnussen singari ahmoq bo'lmasligiga amin bo'lganligi sababli, Magnussen farishtalarni ichkaridan yo'q qilish uchun ishlaydigan yashirin politsiyachi bo'lishi kerak degan xulosaga keldi.^[53]

Shtaynert "Ko'chmanchilar" bobiga kiritilmagan va 1996 yil oktyabr oyida Monreal Janubiy bobida hujayrani yaratishni rejalashtirgan, bu erda Boucherning vakolatiga qarshi bo'lgan.^[53]

Kerol Keynga Magnussenni o'ldirishni buyurdi, Keyn bu ishni bajarish uchun sust edi, chunki Magnussen to'liq yamoq Hells Angel edi, Keyn esa faqat Rokk edi; farishtalar odobining bunday buzilishi Keynning o'z qotilligiga olib kelishi mumkin. Keynning iltimosiga binoan, politsiya Magnussenga boshqa farishtalar uni o'ldirishni rejalashtirayotgani to'g'risida ogohlantirish uchun tashrif buyurgan, ammo u bu ogohlantirishlarni politsiyaning uni "birodarlariga" qarshi qaratilgan provokatsiyasi sifatida butunlay rad etgan.^[55]

1995 yil dekabrda Shtaynert ilgari egalik qilgan saroyni sotib oldi Lavigueur oilasi 1980-yillarda Lavalning qimmatbaho Aux Pruches orolida (qismi Xochelaga arxipelagi ), u erda 1996 yil yozida turmush qurgan.^[53] Milwaukida tug'ilgan Shtaynertga deportatsiya to'g'risida buyruq berilib, unga 1996 yil 14 noyabrgacha Kanadani tark etish to'g'risida buyruq berildi, ammo uning advokati Shtaynert yaqinda o'zi bilan farzandi bo'lgan kanadalik ayolga uylanganligini ta'kidlab, deportatsiya to'g'risidagi buyruqni bekor qildi. , uni Qo'shma Shtatlarga qaytarib yuborishni g'ayriinsoniy qilish.^[56] Lavigueur qasridagi nikoh marosimidan tashqari, Shtaynert ushbu mulkni pornografik film suratga olish uchun ham ishlatgan Bola farishtasi, o'zini va 9 fohishasini suratga olgan.^[57] 1997 yil fevral oyida Magnussen o'g'li Leonardo Rizzutoni kaltakladi Vito Rizzuto, dan so'rovga olib kelgan bar kurashida Rizzuto oilasi Magnussenning qotilligi uchun.^[58]

1997 yil 28 martda Keynning sevgilisi Roker Aime Simard - u Roker prezidenti, Gregori "Pissaro" Vuli nomi bilan tanilgan odamning buyrug'i bilan harakat qilganini aytib, "Rock Machine" a'zosi Jan-Mark Kissini Monreal arenasiga do'stlari bilan xokkey o'ynash uchun kirib ketganda o'ldirgan.^[59] Hibsga olingandan so'ng, Simard Gomoseksualizm fosh bo'lishidan qo'rqib ketganligi sababli RCMPda ishlashga rozi bo'ldi. Simard, shuningdek, sevgilisi Keynga murojaat qilib, politsiyaga Keynning so'nggi ikki yil ichida uchta qotillikni sodir etganligini va bu RCMPning Keyn bilan aloqasini ikki yil davomida uzishiga olib kelganini ma'lum qildi.^[39]

Simard Crown-ga Gregori "Pissaro" Vuli - Boucherning qo'riqchisi bo'lib ishlagan haitiyalik immigrant - farishtalar uchun qotil bo'lganligi to'g'risida dalillar keltirdi, chunki u qora tanli bo'lishiga qaramay Vuleyni boshqa oq tanli farishtalar u kabi qabul qilgan. eng yaxshi qotil.^[59]

Vuli Monrealning shimoliy qismida joylashgan kambag'al mahallada joylashgan gaitilik immigrantlarning ko'cha to'dasini asos solgan edi. Sankt-Mishel where many Haitians lived, initially known as the Crack Down Posse (CDP), and was renamed the Syndicate in 1998. They wore blue gang colors that were closely modeled after the hats and clothing worn by the Crips gang in the United States.^[60]

The Syndicate began by engaging in extortion rackets and robbing dépanneurs (convenience stores) before moving on to serve as the drug dealers and killers for the Angels, becoming well known in Montreal for doing the "dirty work" that even the Angels did not want to do.^[60] Wooley was president of the Rockers, the Angels' puppet club in Montreal, and, although he could never hope to join the Angels proper as a black man, he maintained very close ties with them.^[61]

For reasons that remain unclear, Wooley had no qualms about serving as the bodyguard for the white supremacist Boucher. However, Simard proved to be a poor witness on the stand and Wooley's trial for first degree murder ended with his acquittal.^[62] Afterwards, the Crown disavowed Simard, saying that he failed to fulfill his side of the bargain as Wooley was still a free man and ended its protection for him in 1999, placing him in the general prison population.^[62]

The Angels put out a jailhouse contract on Simard's life, and in 2003 he was murdered by fellow inmates who stabbed him to death with homemade knives, inflicting over 187 stab wounds, at the federal prison he was being held at in Saskatchewan.^[62]

At the same, the Buyuk Nordic biker urushi was taking place, and the Rock Machine was impressed with the way that the Scandinavian branches of the Bandidos held their own against the Scandinavian branches of the Hells Angels.^[63]

In June 1997, the three leaders of the Rock Machine, Fred Faucher, Johnny Plescio, and Robert "Tout Tout" Léger, went to Stockholm to seek support from the Swedish branch of the Bandidos, but were expelled by the Swedish police, who declared that they did not want Canadian bikers in their country.^[63]

Faucher had gained wide attention in underworld circles by blowing up the Hells Angels clubhouse in Quebec City in February 1997 and after the Rock Machine's leader Claude "Ti-Loup" Vézina was arrested for drug smuggling, he became the Rock Machine's new leader on 11 September 1997. Faucher decided the best hope for the Rock Machine was to have the club absorbed into the Bandidos, the second-largest outlaw biker club in the world.^[64] He invited George Wegers, the president of Bandidos USA, to visit Canada; however, a dinner that Faucher held for Wegers at an expensive Quebec City restaurant on 28 October 1997 ended in fiasco when the police arrived to announce that since Wegers had a lengthy criminal record in the United States, was not wanted in Canada, and they were there to escort him back to the airport to put him on the first flight back to the United States.^[65]

Two members of the Angels who came into conflict with Boucher were Steinert and Donald Magnussen.^[49] David "Wolf" Carroll, one of the Nomads, charged that the two were working for the police, noting that the Crown was completely unsuccessful in its efforts to deport Steinert back to the United States, which led him to the conclusion that Steinert must be working for the police.^[53]

Kane, who was anxious to distract attention from himself, did everything to encourage Carroll in this line of thinking, saying Steinert must be the police "mole" inside the Angels. Contributing to suspicions about Steinert and Magnussen was the interception of a shipment containing 69 pounds of marijuana and 200 Ecstasy pills sent by the duo to be sold to drug dealers in northern Ontario. While the RMCP was tipped-off by Kane, he accused Steinert and Magnussen of the tip-off.^[66] Steinert and Magnussen were last seen alive on 4 November 1997, leaving the Lavigueur mansion to see Boucher.^[67]

The bodies of Steinert and Magnussen were later found floating in the St. Lawrence river, with their hands tied behind their backs and their heads beaten to a bloody mush, showing wounds from repeated blows from baseball bats and hammers.^[55]

In 1997, an imprisoned Hells Angel, Denis Houle, was the victim of an unsuccessful assassination attempt when a Rock Machine member opened fire on him from beyond the prison fence.^[68] The resulting investigation first alerted the public to the existence of the Dark Circle, and it was reported the Hells Angels would pay well for information identifying just who were the members of the Dark Circle. Over the next two years, two members of the Dark Circle were murdered by the Angels while a third only escaped when the Angels shot and killed the wrong Serge.^[69] Serge Hervieux, a 38-year-old father of two, was killed when the Angels mistook him for his employer, Serge Brunneau - who was a member of the Dark Circle.^[69] 1997 saw 27 murders committed as part of the biker war.^[55]

Attacking the Crown

Stéphane "Godasse" Gagné, a petty criminal from the Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district of Montreal who joined the Angels, wanted desperately to join the Nomads, regarded as the elite of the Hells Angels, and to do so agreed to murder prison guards for Maurice "Mom" Boucher, the leader of the Hells Angels in Quebec.^[16]

On 26 June 1997, Gagné, and another Hells Angels biker André "Toots" Tousignant murdered a prison guard, Diane Lavigne, gunning her down on the streets of Montreal while riding a motorcycle.^[16] Gagné and Tousignant were promoted up on 1 July 1997 to become "prospects" with the Hells Angels, giving them the right to wear partial Hells Angels patches as a reward for killing Lavigne.^[70] The police listened to Tousignant call his wife Eve to tell her "I got my patch yesterday", leading her to say "I'm so proud of you".^[70] Tousignant then called his mistress to break the news, leading her to say "All! Congratulations!".^[70] On 8 September 1997, Gagné and a fellow biker, Paul "Fon Fon" Fontaine, gunned down the prison guard Pierre Rondeau.^[16]

During the attack on a prison van carrying prisoners from Rivière-des-Prairies prison to court on the morning of 8 September 1997, Gagné and Fontaine began to shoot up the front seats of the van with their handguns, killing Pierre Rondeau and badly wounding another guard Robert Corriveau, who was critically injured but survived.^[71] Only the fact that Gagné's gun jammed saved Corriveau's life while Fontaine decided that since Corriveau was already badly bleeding he would die before an ambulance arrived.^[72]

In response to the murders of Lavigne and Rondeau, Commander André Bouchard launched Project HARM in the fall of 1997, raiding bars, restaurants, and strip clubs controlled by the Hells Angels and the Rock Machine hoping to find something that would lead him to the killers of Lavigne and Rondeau.^[73]

On 4 December 1997, Bouchard received a call for help from a police officer raiding a stripper's agency run by the Hells Angels.^[73] Upon arriving wearing his full dress uniform as usual, Bouchard was confronted by a burly Hells Angel who wanted to fight him, leading him to punch out the Angel and ask "Anybody else want some?" In the stripper's agency, the police found 67 guns, photos of the Angels having sex with the strippers and each other (full patch Angels often sodomize hang-around and prospect Angels to assert domination), and some $2.5 million worth of cocaine.^[74] One of those arrested was a Peruvian drug dealer, known as Steve Boies, who had assisted Gagné with cleaning up after the murders and named him as the killer in exchange for a lesser sentence and a promise not to deport him back to Peru.^[75] On 5 December 1997, Gagné was arrested and after a lengthy interrogation by Detective Sergeant Robert Pigeon, confessed.^[76] Pigeon described Gagné as a weak character, a man easily dominated by others, and observed all that was needed was to apply some pressure on him to make him break down in tears and confess.^[77]

Gagné agreed to turn over evidence to the Crown after he was arrested in December 1997, and in his confession he named Tousignant and Fontaine as his fellow killers.^[78] Fontaine fled to Mexico after Gagné implicated him where he lived for a number of years.^[78] He later returned to Canada, and in May 2004 he was arrested in Quebec City, where he was living under an assumed name (Jean Goyer). In October 2008, he went on trial in Montreal and was convicted in February 2009 of one count of first degree murder for killing Rondeau.^[78] Tousignant, a "prospect" for the Nomads who disappeared after Gagné's confession, was found murdered, being shot twice and his body then set afire.^[10] Tousignant was last seen alive on 7 December 1997 going to see Boucher.^[79] Fontaine's boyfriend was Serge Boutin, the chief drug-dealer in Montreal's Gey Village.^[80] Unlike Tousignant, Fontaine was kept alive as Boucher wanted to keep the services of Boutin. The corpse of Tousignant was found buried in a shallow grave in the Eastern Townships on 27 February 1998 and his murder was never solved.^[78] On 18 December 1997 Boucher was arrested and charged with two counts of first degree murder.^[81]

The height of the violence

Davomida guerre des motards, the more powerful and better organized Hells Angels consistently held the upper hand over the Rock Machine, which had previously controlled all of the non-Mafia organized crime in Quebec.^[82] In 1998, Jacques Lemieux of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police told Iqtisodchi that the Hells Angels were seeking control of the drug trade, automobile theft, prostitution, smuggling, illegal gambling and extortion rackets in Quebec.^[10] In the same interview, Detective Lemieux said: "Bikers seem a lot more active in Canada than elsewhere, and a lot more violent in Quebec."^[10]

On 23 August 1998, a team of Rock Machine killers consisting of Frédéric Faucher, Gerald Gallant, and Marcel Demers rode by on their motorcycles and gunned down Paolo Cotroni in his driveway.^[83] Cotroni was a member of the Calabrian 'Ndrangheta Cotroni jinoyatchilar oilasi who were the rivals of the Sicilian Mafia Rizzuto jinoyatchilari oilasi.^[83] Cotroni was killed partly to gain the favor of the Rizzutos and partly because he was a friend of Boucher.^[83]

On 8 September 1998, Johnny Plescio—a founding member of the Rock Machine—was at his Laval home watching television when his cable was severed.^[84] As he rose to see what was wrong with his television, 27 bullets went through Plescios's living room window, 16 of which struck him.^[84] At Plescio's funeral, a flower arrangement appeared bearing the word Bandidos, which was the first sign that the Bandidos biker gang of Texas was taking an interest in the Rock Machine.^[84]

Disaster struck the Dark Circle, when one of their number, Salvatore Brunnettii, a restaurateur, bar owner and drug dealer, defected to the Hells Angels and gave them a list of the remaining members of the Dark Circle.^[26] Jean Rosa, a 32 year old businessman who lived in a middle class suburb of Montreal was found shot down in front of his Pontiac Grand Prix on his driveway on the morning of 25 September 1998, and died of blood loss at the hospital later that day.^[69] Rosa was a member of the Dark Circle, and his neighbors were shocked to learn that respectable Rosa was in fact a gangster whose home had been purchased with profits from the drug trade, laundered through the bar Rosa owned.^[69] At about 8 pm on 22 October 1998, Pierre Bastien, who owned another successful bar, had just parked his car on the driveway at his suburban home, and as he went to open the rear door of his automobile for his 8-year-old daughter, he was shot in the head at point blank range.^[85] Bastien was also a member of the Dark Circle and his bar was also a front for laundering drug money.^[85] To save their lives, several other members of the Dark Circle turned themselves into the police and confessed to their crimes, saying that they would be safer in prison than they would be as free men.^[26] At least one member of the Dark Circle who went to prison was later offered full parole for good behavior, which he declined, saying the Angels would kill him for certain if he got out of prison, and it was his wish to spend the rest of his life in prison.^[26] Another member of the Dark Circle, a restaurateur and bar owner named Claude Joannette, in contrast followed Brunnettii in defecting over to the Angels, agreeing to launder drug money for them in exchange for his life.^[86]

On 27 November 1998, Boucher was acquitted of ordering the murder of the two prison guards in 1997, and afterwards became a folk hero in Quebec, with people in the poor neighborhood of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in Montreal cheering Boucher and his fellow Angels as they rode their Harley-Davidson motorcycles down the streets like it was a royal procession.^[87] On the night of 27 November 1998, to celebrate his acquittal, Boucher attended a boxing match in Verdun with his fellow Nomads, with the audience cheering him as he took his seat and hundreds of people lining up to get his autograph.^[87] Boucher become a celebrity in Quebec, despite or perhaps because of the violence of the biker war, with many polls showing that he was one of the most popular and best loved man in la belle province with much of the Quebec media offering fawning coverage of the charismatic Boucher.^[87] The Crown was stunned by Boucher's popularity with ordinary Québecois with many police officers and prosecutors saying this reflected the moral decay of Québecois society.^[87]

In the summer of 1999, a bizarre incident occurred on the streets of Montreal when Wooley was riding his Harley-Davidson motorcycle while wearing his Rocker patch on his vest was pulled over for speeding.^[61] The constable who pulled over Wooley, Michel Bureau, claimed he was frightened when he noticed that Wooley had something under his vest, saying that knew Wooley was an especially violent man as he was the only black outlaw biker in Montreal, and offered to drop the fine if Wooley would show him what was under his vest.^[88] When Wooley refused, Constable Bureau said it didn't matter if Wooley was carrying drugs, he was willing to drop the charges just as long as Wooley showed him what was under his vest.^[88] When Wooley informed Bureau that he was not under arrest, and that it was none of his business what he had under his vest, Bureau called for back-up to and thus it took five officers to arrest Wooley for speeding.^[88] No guns or drugs were found on Wooley, though a handgun was found lying on the streets close to the arrest scene, which Wooley's lawyers claimed was planted by the police.^[88] Later, the judge threw out all of the charges, ruling that this was not a routine pull-over, and suggested it was an unusually clumsy attempt on the part of the police to entrap Wooley.^[88] During his time in jail while awaiting the charges, Wooley was involved in three different fights with the other inmates and an attempt to smuggle PCP into the jail, before finally being separated from the other inmates on the grounds he was too violent.^[59]

In one of the most notorious incidents of the biker war, on 26 August 1999, two Rockers entered a car rental agency in the Avliyo Leonard neighborhood of Montreal and asked to see "Serge".^[89] The "Serge" they wanted to see was Serge Brunneau, the owner of the agency and a member of the Dark Circle.^[89] But one of his employees, a Serge Hervieux, told them "Je suis Serge" "("I am Serge"), at which point they opened fire with their Magnum .357 handguns, putting four bullets into the unfortunate Hervieux, killing him instantly while Brunneau hid under his desk.^[89] Hervieux, a married man with two children, was the wrong Serge and had no involvement with organized crime.^[89] Beside killing the wrong man, the killers, Jean-Richard "Race" Larivière and Eric "Pif" Fournier, also failed to set fire to their getaway car, a stolen Chrysler Intrepid, leaving behind in the trunk a mass of evidence incriminating them, not the least of which was that their fingerprints were over the papers listing the address of the car rental agency.^[90] Despite killing the wrong man, both men were promoted to full patch Rockers, making them well on their way to finally becoming Hells Angels.^[91] Despite a promise from the police that the violence would stop, on 1 October 1999, one of the leaders of Rock Machine, Tony Plescio, was gunned down in the parking lot of a Montreal McDonald's where he was taking his family to dinner.^[92] On 1 May 2000, a drug dealer working for Rock Machine, Patrick Turcotte, was lethally shot in the back leaving a store renting pornographic videos by a man riding a blue van using a Beretta handgun equipped with a silencer.^[93] Turcotte's killers, two Rockers named Pierre "Peanut" Laurin and Paul "Schtrompf" Brisebois, were rewarded by being promoted to prospects for the Hells Angels.^[93]

Kane was not a Nomad, but in early 2000, he began to work as a chauffeur for a Nomad, Normand Robitaille, driving him all over Montreal as Robitaille met with other Hells Angels and occasionally the Mafia.^[94] Kane reported to his RCMP handlers that Robitaille had told him during one of their car rides that he, Boucher, and Robert Savard, one of the most notorious loan sharks in Montreal, were going to start an internet company that would allow all of the pawnshops of Quebec to sell their wares online in exchange for a monthly fee.^[94] However, the twist to the plan was that any pawnshop owner who refused to list his products with the planned company would have his business burned down.^[95] Robitaille added that Angels had already been sent around to warn pawnshop owners that they would either list with the planned company or see their businesses destroyed by arsonists.^[96] Though the Rizzuto family leaned towards the Angels, one of the Rizzuto kapos, Paolo Gervasi was a supporter of the Rock Machine, selling them drugs and reserving a table for them at his strip club.^[97] In April 2000, Gervasi's son, Salvatore, who was also a Mafiosi, was murdered and his corpse placed inside his Porsche, which was left outside his father's house.^[98] Paolo Gervasi survived an assassination attempt later that year, but on 22 January 2014 he was killed while entering an Italian bakery.^[99]

On 17 April 2000, Normand Hamel, one of the Nomads, was killed when attempting to flee from Rock Machine assassins in a Laval parking lot while he and his wife were taking his son to the doctor.^[100] Hamel was the most senior Hells Angel to be killed in the biker war.^[100] Boucher himself showed up at the crime scene to investigate Hamel's killing, and later the same night, Nomad Normand Bélanger, while using his cell phone that the police had tapped, was heard to say that Hamel's murder was "part of the game we play", but also "pretty disgusting", saying his wife and son should had not have seen his murder.^[100] On 27 April 2000, Boucher's friend, André "Dédé" Desjardins, one of the most infamous construction union officials in Quebec and well known for extortion and loan sharking, was killed in the parking lot of a Montreal restaurant named Shawn's.^[44] Desjardins, the "King of Construction", had been the vice-president of the Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec union in the 1970s, where he attracted much attention in 1974 when his union committed vandalism that had cost the sub-contractors on the James Bay project some $30 million as part of an extortion attempt, leading to the Cliche commission that found the construction industry in Quebec was systematically corrupt with the construction unions all controlled by the Mafia.

The journalists Julien Sher and William Marsden wrote that Desjardins's murder was not "an isolated killing over a simple debt", but rather "the beginning of a new era of consolidation of the Hells' now massive drug empire, which extended throughout Quebec and the Maritimes and was fast spreading into Ontario and western Canada".^[101] Desjardins's business partner Robert Savard was killed on 7 July 2000 after having breakfast with Boucher on the previous day and by October 2000, there had been 11 murders of "independent" gangsters not with the Rizzuto family who had previously been allies of the Hells Angels.^[102] In June 2000, Sandra Craig, a Bolivian immigrant who was the daughter of one of Bolivia's most powerful drug lords, was almost killed by the Hells Angels on the streets of Montreal, and on 29 August 2000, her Canadian husband, Raymond Craig, was killed by the Angels in the resort town of St. Adèle; the Craigs had previously been the main link between the Colombian gangsters and the Rizzuto family and the Hells Angels in Montreal.^[103] 2000 yil yozida, Mishel Auger, the crime correspondent of Le Journal de Montreal, wrote a series of articles in Le Journal de Montreal stating that Boucher had turned on his former allies such as Desjardins, Savard and the Craigs and was systematically killing them off.^[102]

On 12 May 2000, the Angels tried to kill the two Rock Machine members, Tony Duguay and Denis Boucher, suspected of killing Hamel, leading to a wild car crash, during which Duguay took bullet wounds to his arms, right hand, and thigh.^[100] Tony Duguay, the Rock Machine member who was convicted of killing Hamel in 2006, was acquitted in 2016 when it was established that the eyewitness who gave the testimony that had convicted him had been fed information incriminating him by Detective Benoît Roberge, the senior anti-biker detective with the Montreal police who was secretly working for the Hells Angels, and that the witness had not actually seen Duguay killing Hamel as he had testified during his trial.^[104] The witness stated in 2016 that everything he said at Duguay's trial was perjury, claiming that Detective Roberge had forced him to perjure himself.^[104] In July 2000, Boucher's plans to set up an internet company were derailed when Robert "Bob" Savard, the loan shark who charged 52% interest on the loans he made to the desperate and needy, was gunned down at the Déjeuners Eggstra! restaurant in the north end of Montreal.^[44] Savard's dinner companion, Normand Descoteaux, a hockey player turned loan shark, was also a target, but he survived by grabbing a waitress, Hélène Brunet, and using her as an involuntary human shield, ensuring that she took four bullets meant for him.^[105] Despite the way Brunet took bullets in her arms, legs and shin, Descoteaux was not charged.^[106]

A striking sign of the way in which the Hells Angels had become part of the mainstream of Quebec society occurred at the wedding of the Nomad René Charlebois on 5 August 2000, which was attended by Jan-Per Ferland va Jinette Reno, two of the best loved folk singers in French Canada, who both received a million dollars for singing at Charlebois's wedding.^[107] Both Ferland and Reno posed for photographs with Boucher for the Montreal tabloid Allô Police at the wedding, saying they both honored to meet such an outstanding man like Boucher.^[107] In particular, Reno, who has a very matronly and respectable image in Quebec, produced shock by her willingness to pose for photographs with the convicted rapist Boucher, who in 1984 had held a gun to the head of a 16-year-old girl, threatening to kill her on the spot if she did not have sex with him.^[107] Both Ferland and Reno later claimed that they were unaware that the Hells Angels are one of the most feared criminal syndicates in Quebec, saying they would never had attended the wedding if they had known, and denied that being paid a million dollars had anything to do with their willingness to perform at Charlebois's wedding.^[107] A few days after Charlebois's wedding, Kane was found dead in the garage of his home, apparently a suicide.^[94] Found on his body was a rambling and confusing suicide note full of spelling mistakes and grammatical errors containing his reflections on morality, the ethics of betraying his biker friends for the Crown, and finally saying he was deeply confused about his sexuality, saying he was not certain if he was gay or just bisexual, which had apparently driven him to take his life.^[94]

On 13 September 2000, Mishel Auger, the journalist covering guerre des motards uchun Le Journal de Montreal, was shot in the back five times while getting out of his car in the parking lot of Le Journal de Montreal.^[16] After his attempted assassination, which was seen as an attack on the freedom of the press by the bikers, 200 journalists marched down the streets of Montreal in a rally two days later in a show of protest.^[16] The increased media coverage of crime in Montreal caused by the attempted murder of Auger made the Rizzuto jinoyatchilari oilasi, regarded as the most powerful Mafia family in Canada with close connections to the Bonanno jinoyatchilar oilasi of New York, seek a truce between the warring biker gangs.^[16] On 26 September 2000, Vito Rizzuto held a meeting at an Italian restaurant named Bleu Martin attended by both Maurice "Mom" Boucher, the leader of Hells Angels in Quebec, and Frédéric "Fred" Faucher, the leader of the Rock Machine, in an attempt to impose a truce.^[16] On 8 October 2000 to celebrate Thanksgiving, Boucher and Faucher had dinner together at Bleu Martin and while a photographer from Allô Police recorded the scene, the leaders of the Hells Angels and the Rock Machine exchanged handshakes, hugged and broke bread together (a common symbol in French-Canada of reconciliation).^[107] To seal the truce, the biker leaders then went to the Super-Sexe, the most exclusive and expensive strip club in Montreal on the Sent-Ketrin Rue with the photographers from Allô Police covering their visit.^[107] One of the Angels present, Normand Robitaille, joked to two policemen waiting outside the Super-Sexe with notepads documenting who was going to the strip club that with the truce in effect, the police budget was to be cut quite drastically.^[107]

In 2000, a Montreal Crown attorney (a prosecutor) complained to the media that "they [the bikers] kill with impunity", saying it almost impossible to convict members of either the Hells Angels or the Rock Machine because of widespread corruption in the Quebec justice system.^[108] The public's perception that the Quebec justice system was too incompetent and corrupt to stop the bikers finally spurred the Crown to act decisively against the bikers.^[109] In a rare victory for the Crown, on 10 October 2000, a Montreal appeals judge undid double jeopardy, ruling that the Crown had presented credible evidence that the 1998 trial of Boucher was marred by intimidation of the jury and that the judge's instructions to the jury were defective, and as such, Boucher should be retried for the murders of Lavigne and Rondeau.^[78][107] Boucher's lawyer, Robert Lemieux, who was a celebrity in Quebec for his role defending members of the FLQ after the October Crisis of 1970, announced that his client had launched a $30 million lawsuit against the province of Quebec, alleging wrongful prosecution.^[110] Unfortunately for Boucher, he had written much of the letter of complaint himself, sparking widespread ridicule as his French was full of the spelling and grammatical mistakes that one would expect from a man who dropped out of school in grade 9.^[55]

The truce imposed by the Rizzutos lasted only a few weeks and was ended when the Rock Machine agreed to join the Bandidos biker gang based in Texas.^[82] In a sort of reverse takeover, Faucher arranged for the Rock Machine to "patch over" to join the Bandidos in a bid to "internationalize" the conflict by involving the Bandidos, who were based in Texas.^[111] The Rock Machine was sponsored to "patch over" by the Swedish and French branches of the Bandidos while the American leadership disapproved, not wanting to be dragged into a war with the Hells Angels.^[111] On 29 December 2000, about 168 Ontario bikers rode over to Montreal for a mass "patch over" to join the Angels.^[112] The Satan's Choice, the Para-Dice Riders, the Los Lobos, and a number of other Ontario outlaw biker gangs all abandoned their old patches for the "Death's Head" patch of the Angels, finally allowing the Angels to enter southern Ontario.^[112] In a typical show of self-confidence, the photographers from Allô Police were invited to the Angels' bunker to record the "patch-over".^[113] On 6 January 2001, a party was held in Kingston, Ontario where the Rock Machine formally "patched over" to become Bandidos.^[111] Shortly afterwards, Faucher was charged with importing drugs into Canada, and replaced with Alain Brunette as the new president of the Canadian Bandidos.^[114]

The Crown strikes back

Shortly before his death Kane had mentioned that a Rocker named Jean-Richard "Race" Larivière was the main man for handling cash payments, which led the Operation Carcajou detectives to focus on following him around.^[115] Police surveillance showed Larivière rented an apartment at 7415 Beaubien Street in the east end of Montreal, which he did not live in, but which received a steady stream of drug runners bringing bags to leave in unit 504.^[116] A man named Robert Gauthier would go to the unit 504 every Tuesday and Thursday to receive the drug runners.^[117] 2000 yil sentyabrda Séreté du Québec Sergeant Pierre Boucher (no relation to Maurice Boucher) was able to install a camera inside apartment 504, which showed the drug runners were leaving money in unit 504 which was then transferred by Gauthier over to unit 403, which also had no tenant living in it, but did have two computers and a huge safe located in it.^[117] A man named Stéphane Chagnon would go to unit 403 every Tuesday and Thursday to count the money left by Gautheir and enter the amounts into the computers.^[118] Nothing was saved on the hard drive of the computers, but there were several disks on which were stored the financial records of the Nomads hidden under the carpet.^[119] Surveillance showed the money collected at 7415 Beubien Street every Tuesday and Thursday went to other apartments in Montreal to be counted.^[120] The Operation Carcajou squad discovered that there were counting machines in the apartments and the average box of cash that went out had $500,000 in it.^[120] A monthly average of $24 to $36 million went through what the police called the "Nomad National Bank" with financial records showing the "Nomad Bank" had in January 2001 $36 million in deposits and another $13.3 million in receivables.^[120] Commander Bouchard stated: "They had five money machines working twenty-four hours a day. They were taking out the cash, putting it on the table, flattening it out so it wouldn't get stuck and throwing it into these goddamn machines. It was almost like bubble gum to them. It was like a joke. They would laugh".^[120] On 24 January 2001, Sandra Craig turned herself in to the Operation Carcajou squad and gave the police the spreadsheets showing her and her late husband's dealings with the Hells Angels, which matched the records in the "Nomad Bank".^[121] Craig stated she and her husband had supplied 1,700 kilos of cocaine to the Hells Angels between 1998 and 2000.^[122] Every Hells Angel had a codename with the "Nomad Bank" with for instance Stadnick's codename being Gertrude.^[123] On 30 January 2001, the Operation Carcajou squad raided the locations of the "Nomad Bank", which the police seizing $5.6 million in cash.^[124]

In the meantime, Commander Bouchard had decided to investigate from another angle.^[123] Using the list of killers supplied by Kane as a list of suspects, Bouchard had the police gather up DNA evidence left by those named by Kane such as saliva found on discarded coffee cups or uneaten food in restaurants, which did not require a warrant.^[125] At the same time, Bouchard had two detectives, Louis-Marc Pelletier and Michel Tremblay, painstakingly go through all of the old evidence from unsolved murders such as hairs, skin flakes found on guns and disregarded Kleenexes, and spit to see if there were any DNA samples that could be recovered.^[126] Peletier and Tremblay were able to recover four samples of DNA from the old evidence and then using the DNA found from coffee cups and the like, were able to link four Hells Angels/Rockers, most notably Wooley to the murders.^[126] By February 2001, Bouchard's team had assembled enough evidence that they were prepared to lay 23 charges of murder, attempted murder, conspiracy to commit murder and gangsterism against 42 Hells Angels or Rockers.^[127]

The war eventually ended after public outcry over the deaths of innocent bystanders^[128] increased police pressure, leading to the incarceration of over 100 bikers.^[129] On 28 March 2001, in Operation Springtime, a joint investigation of the Hells Angels by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Ontario Provincial Police, the Séreté du Québec, and the Montreal police resulted in the arrests of Hells Angels all over Canada, with 138 being arrested in Quebec and 51 being arrested in Calgary on 30 March 2001.^[16] Early on the morning on 28 March, 2,000 police officers were assembled and sent out to arrest 128 Hells Angels in Montreal, and in the process also found $500,000 in cash.^[130] When Hells Angels member Éric Bouffard was arrested on 28 March 2001, photos were found in his home showing Xose Teodor, the goalie for the Montreal Canadiens, partying with the Angels at their Montreal South clubhouse; it was also discovered that Bouffard had Théodore's cell phone number.^[86] The revelation that a popular hockey player like Théodore was a close friend of the Angels once again brought home how much the Angels had gone mainstream in Quebec, associating with celebrities from the world of the arts and sports.^[86] At the same time, it was revealed that several other members of the Théodore family had been arrested for loan sharking.^[86] Another arrested during the 2001 raids was the Montreal restaurateur Salvatore Brunnettii. The police found evidence that Brunnettii had between December 2000 and March 2001 laundered $70,000 in drug money for the Angels, while at Brunnettii's home the police found 3,000 US dollars and 10,000 Canadian dollars in his safe, along with an illegal .38 calibre handgun.^[131]

During their raids, the Séreté du Québec arrested Charlebois at his estate outside of Montreal. Charlebois, who once been a poor criminal selling marijuana and smuggled cigarettes out of a cheap submarine sandwich restaurant in the east end of Montreal, was found to have $7,000 in cash and five $1,000 gambling chips from the Montreal kazino at his estate together with a 1989 bottle of Château Haut-Brion worth $1,325 and a 1990 bottle of Château Lafite.^[132] Charlebois, a petty criminal selling drugs, smuggled cigarettes and stolen credit cards, had risen rapidly after joining the Rockers, the Hells Angels, and the Nomads in succession during the 1990s.^[132] Charbebois, who liked to act the tough guy, broke down in tears and immediately attempted to turn Crown's evidence when he was arrested by the Montreal police, saying he couldn't face going to prison for the rest of his life.^[133] Commander André Bouchard of the Montreal police bluntly told Charbebois "Fuck you, no deal for you" which caused him to cry even more.^[133] Of those arrested, only Wooley of the Rockers held up, refusing to say a word to the police.^[133] To assist with gathering evidence, Bouchard wanted DNA samples, and was hoping that the accused would ask for food, coffee cups, cigarettes or Kleenex so he seize their saliva samples to run for DNA tests.^[134] One Angel told the police as he used a box of Kleenex: "If you think you can get my fucking DNA...you're a bunch of assholes!".^[134] As Bouchard picked up the used Kleenex to run for a DNA test, he later stated thinking at the time: "You look at these guys. They're not all the sharpest pencils".^[134] One Angel chose to eat his cigarettes to avoid giving saliva samples which could be run for DNA tests.^[134] One of the Angels who escaped arrest was Carroll; he fled to Mexico in March 2001 and has not been seen or heard from since.^[21] A police affidavit stated that Carroll had $1 million in a bank account in Antigua and it is believed that Carroll has gone to Brazil, which has no extradition treaty with Canada.^[135] In 2014, the Interpol website stated: "Hells Angels have chapters in more than 20 countries and information suggests that Carroll has frequented a number (of them) including Brazil, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, United States (as well as countries in South America and Europe)."^[136] Stadnick was arrested in Montego Bay in Jamaica, spending time in what his girlfriend called a "hellhole" Jamaican prison.^[137] Stadnick did not contest extradition back to Canada in April 2001.^[138]

In July 2001, Luis Elias Lekkes, the accountant for the Irish-Canadian gangster Gerry Matticks, the leader of the Irish West End Gang of Montreal, agreed to turn Crown's evidence after being arrested in March 2001.^[139] After attempting to kill himself in prison twice, saying he was convinced that the Hells Angels and/or the West End Gang had put out a jailhouse contract on his life, Lekkes agreed to testify for the Crown that the West End Gang controlled the port of Montreal, and in exchange for fees, allowed the Angels to smuggle all sorts of things both in and out of Montreal.^[139] After Matticks was arrested, at his bail hearing, the Roman Catholic priest for the parish of Sent-Bruno, Father Marc Mignault, testified to his good character, stating he was a devout Catholic who gave generously to Catholic charities and was one of Montreal's most honest and respectable businessman.^[140] Father Mignault in particular praised Matticks for donating thousands of chickens every Thanksgiving and Christmas to the poor of Montreal as evidence of his good heart.^[140] The Crown Attorney, Robert Rouleau, by contrast noted that at one of Matticks's businesses was found to have a paper hidden in a fridge bearing the names "Guy" and "Mom", next to which were written the cell phone numbers for Guy Lepage and Boucher.^[141] Lekkes signed a statement for the Crown stating that Matticks, who controlled the longshoreman's union at the Port of Montreal, had made profits of $22 million from smuggling drugs into the city and had sold the Angels at least 700 kilos of cocaine in the last two years.^[142] Lekkes later testified at other trials in 2002 and 2003 that he regularly took cardboard boxes containing about $500,000 in cash from the Hells Angels as payments to the West End Gang and that the chicken which Matticks was generous in donating to Catholic charities at Thanksgiving and Christmas times was stolen from container ships meant to export chicken to grocery stores in Europe.^[143] Inspired by Lekkes's example, John McLean, one of Mattick's lieutenants, agreed to turn Crown's evidence and to testify against Matticks's son Donald, in exchange for an 8-year prison sentence.^[144] Lekkes received a 7-year prison sentence with the promise that he would receive a new identity and police protection for the rest of his life when he was released, and as a result Matticks pleaded guilty in 2002 rather than face extradition to the United States, where he was wanted on charges of smuggling cocaine.^[139]

In the spring of 2002, Boucher was again brought to trial for the murders of Lavigne and Rondeau after having been acquitted in 1998. The Crown challenged the verdict, citing irregular aspects of the trial that suggested intimidation of the part of the Hells Angels, and at the second trial, Gagne agreed to testify for the Crown in exchange for a lesser sentence.^[145] France Charbonneau, widely viewed as the toughest Crown Attorney in Quebec, was assigned to prosecute Boucher.^[146] Gagné testified that Boucher wanted random murders of people working for the Quebec justice system in order to create such a climate of fear that no one would ever dare prosecute the Hells Angels.^[145] The most damaging evidence came from beyond the grave as the reports that Kane had given to the RCMP between 1994 and 1997, and 1999 and 2000, were presented as Crown's evidence.^[108] Kane had stolen the financial records of the Nomads, which showed that over the course of an 8-month period in 2000, the Hells Angels had made a profit of $111,503,110 in Quebec.^[147] On 6 May 2002, Boucher was found guilty of two counts of first-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment with no chance of parole for the next 25 years.^[145] André Bouchard, a Montreal police detective, told the media it was rumored that the American leadership of the Hells Angels wanted Boucher dead, saying: "We've heard that they [the Hells Angels leadership] in the United States got together and they said to take the fucker out. They say this is the guy who caused all the trouble."^[148]

Natijada

In 2006, the Bandidos, the only possible rivals to the Hells Angels in Canada, self-destructed with the Shedden qirg'ini, leaving the Angels as the only national outlaw biker club in Canada.^[149]

In May 2008, the career of the Canadian Foreign Minister Maksim Bernier was temporarily derailed when it emerged that his girlfriend Julie Couillard in 2007 was a former stripper who had been the sexual partner of several Hells Angels in the 1990s, forcing him to resign in June 2008.^[150] Bernier left behind a NATO briefing document at Couillard's house, and the media demanded his resignation, saying it was inappropriate for a cabinet minister to be seeing a woman who had once married to a Hells Angel and involved in a common-law relationship with another. L'affaire Bernier-Couillard almost destroyed Bernier's career, although it does not appear that national security was threatened in any serious way.^[151]

In April 2009, over 156 members of the Hells Angels were arrested in Quebec, Nyu-Brunsvik, Frantsiya va Dominika Respublikasi mostly in connection to crimes related to the biker war as part of Operation SharQc. The arrests solved at least 22 murders committed between 1992 and 2009. Four Hells Angels bunkers were also seized by police including one in Sorel-Treysi that was firebombed in 2008.^[152] Dozens of arrests were previously made earlier in the year as part of Operation Axe in February and Operation Baladeur in March.^[153]

On 13 March 2014, Detective Roberge pleaded guilty in a Montreal courthouse to charges of breach of trust and of engaging in gangsterism.^[16] Roberge admitted to accepting $125,000 from the Hells Angels in exchange for information and was sentenced to 8 years in prison.^[154]

In October 2015, the charges against the Hells Angels arrested in Quebec in 2009 were dismissed following allegations that the Crown withheld evidence for too long, resulting in an internal investigation as to why the effort to convict the Hells Angels failed.^[16] Kvebek Oliy sudi Hakam Jeyms Brunton ruled that delay between the arrests in 2009 as part of Operation SharQc and 2015 violated the right to a speedy trial guaranteed by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and dismissed all of the charges against the Hells Angels arrested as part of Operation SharQc.^[7]

2015 yilda Séreté du Québec alleged in an indictment that Boucher had continued to engage in organized crime from his prison cell, using his daughter Alexandra Mongeau as his messenger, and that his principal surrogate in Montreal was his former bodyguard, Gregory Woolley, who has been charged three times with first-degree murder.^[9]

In 2016, a former RCMP officer and an expert on biker gangs, Pierre de Champlain, told the media: "Since 2000, the Hells Angels have had complete control over Quebec, from Sept-Iles to Granby. No one wants to work against the Hells Angels independently because it's not in their interest."^[3] Noting the funeral in Montreal in August 2016 of a biker killed in an automobile crash, Champlain noted it was attended by "...300 bikers but also 1,000 to 3,000 people who came out to watch. They wanted to see the parade, the coffin pulled by bikes. And we have to admit, it was spectacular."^[3]

Kitoblar

• Cherry, Paul (2005). Biker sinovlari: Jahannam farishtalarini tushirish. ECW tugmasi. ISBN  9781554902507.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Langton, Jerry (2010). Showdown: Ko'chalarni boshqarish uchun qonunbuzarlar, do'zax farishtalari va politsiya qanday kurashgan. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN  9780470678787.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Lavigne, Yves (1999). Hells Angels at War. HarperCollins. ISBN  9780002000246.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• O'Konnor, D'Arsi (2011). Monrealning Irlandiya mafiyasi: Shuhratparast G'arbiy End to'dasining haqiqiy hikoyasi. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN  9780470676158.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Shnayder, Stiven (2009). Muzli muzey: Kanadadagi uyushgan jinoyatchilik. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN  9780470835005.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Sher, Julian; Marsden, Uilyam (2003). Jahannamga olib boradigan yo'l: Bayker to'dalari Kanadani qanday mag'lub qilmoqda. A.A. Knopf Kanada. ISBN  9780676975987.
• Sher, Julian; Marsden, Uilyam (2006). O'lim farishtalari: biker to'dalarining jinoyatchilik imperiyasi ichida. Da Capo Press. ISBN  9780786719310.
• Winterhalder, Edvard (2005). Yomon ahvolda: Bandidos mototsikl klubi ichida (Ikkinchi qism) - Dunyo bo'ylab sulolaning paydo bo'lishi. Blockhead City Inc. ISBN  9780977174775.
• Winterhayder, Edvard; Clercq, Wil De (2010). Assimilyatsiya: Rok mashinasi Bandidosga aylanadi - Do'zax farishtalariga qarshi birlashgan baykerlar. ECW tugmasi. ISBN  9781554903214.

Shuningdek qarang

• Lennoksvildagi qirg'in
• Shimoliy shimoliy baykerlar urushi

Adabiyotlar