Sheldon Adelson - Sheldon Adelson

Sheldon Adelson
Sheldon Adelson crop.jpg
Adelson 2010 yilda
Tug'ilgan
Sheldon Gari Adelson

(1933-08-04) 1933 yil 4-avgust (87 yosh)
Boston, Massachusets shtati, BIZ.
Ta'limNyu-York shahridagi shahar kolleji
KasbAsoschisi, raisi va bosh ijrochi direktori Las-Vegas qumlari
Sof qiymatBarqaror 35,8 mlrd. AQSh dollari (Noyabr 2020)[1]
Siyosiy partiyaDemokratik (1996 yilgacha)
Respublika (1996 yildan hozirgacha)
Turmush o'rtoqlarSandra Adelson (1970-1988)
​
(m. 1991)​
Bolalar5

Sheldon Gari Adelson (/ˈædəlsən/; 1933 yil 4-avgustda tug'ilgan[2]) amerikalik ishbilarmon, sarmoyador, xayriyachi va siyosiy donor. U asoschisi, raisi va Boshqaruvchi direktor ning Las-Vegas qumlari Egalik qiluvchi korporatsiya Marina Bay Sands yilda Singapur, va faoliyat yuritayotgan Venetsiyalik Makao Limited kompaniyasining bosh kompaniyasi Venetsiyalik kurort mehmonxonasi va Sands Expo and Convention Center. U Isroilning kundalik gazetasiga egalik qiladi Isroil Xayom, Isroilning haftalik gazetasi Makor Rishon va Amerikaning kundalik gazetasi Las-Vegas Review-Journal.[3][4] Adelson, xayriyachi va turli sabablarga ko'ra donor bo'lib, uni yaratdi Adelson jamg'armasi 2007 yilda rafiqasining buyrug'i bilan Miriam. U Trampning inauguratsiya qo'mitasiga 5 million dollar berganida u AQSh prezidentining inauguratsiyasiga eng katta miqdordagi xayr-ehson qilgan.[5]

2020 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab Adelson ro'yxatiga kiritilgan Forbes 33,5 milliard AQSh dollariga teng boylikka ega bo'lib,[6] uni dunyodagi eng boy odam 28-o'rinda va 17-o'rinda turadi Forbes 400.[7] U Respublikachilar partiyasi nomzodlariga katta hissa qo'shgan.[8][9]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Sheldon Gari Adelson 1933 yilda tug'ilgan va katta bo'lgan Dorchester mahalla Boston, Sara (o'g'li Tonkin) va Artur Adelsonning o'g'li. Uning otasi taksi haydovchisi bo'lgan[10] Uning otasining oilasi Ukrain yahudiy va Litva yahudiy ajdodlar.[11] Uning onasi Angliyadan ko'chib kelgan va Adelson bobosi a Uelscha ko'mir qazib oluvchi.[12] Otasi taksida yurgan, onasi esa trikotaj do'konini boshqargan.[13]

Tadbirkor tavakkal qilish mentaliteti bilan tug'iladi, biroq bir nechta muhim xususiyatlar mavjud: jasorat, o'zingizga bo'lgan ishonch, va eng muhimi, muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan taqdirda ham muvaffaqiyatsizlikdan saboq olish va o'rnidan turib, qayta urinish.

–Shelldon Adelson, 2013 yil[14]

U o'z biznes karerasini 12 yoshida, amakisidan 200 dollar (yoki 2017 yilda 2740 dollar) qarz olganida va Bostondagi gazeta sotish uchun litsenziyani sotib olganida boshlagan.[15] 1948 yilda 16 yoshga to'lgan, keyin amakisidan konfet-sotuvchi-mashinalar biznesini boshlash uchun 10 000 dollar (yoki 2017 dollarga 102 349 dollar) qarz oldi.[16] U ishtirok etdi Nyu-York shahridagi shahar kolleji, lekin bitirmadi,[17] Savdo maktabida sud muxbiri bo'lishga urinishda muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan va keyinchalik armiyaga qo'shilgan.[18]

Armiyadan bo'shatilgandan so'ng, u tualetga mo'ljallangan to'plamlarni sotadigan biznesni tashkil qildi, keyin De-Ice-It nomli yana bir biznesni boshladi, u muzlatilgan old oynalarni tozalashga yordam beradigan kimyoviy purkagichni sotdi.[19] 1960-yillarda u charter-turlar biznesini boshladi.[10] Tez orada u millionerga aylandi, garchi 30 yoshida u ikki marta boyligini yo'qotgan va yo'qotgan. O'zining ish faoliyati davomida Adelson deyarli 50 ta o'z biznesini yaratdi va uni a seriyali tadbirkor.[20]

Biznes martaba

COMDEX

1970 yillarning oxirlarida Adelson va uning sheriklari COMDEX kompyuter sanoati uchun ko'rgazmalar, 1979 yildan boshlangan. Bu 1980- va 1990-yillarning aksariyat qismida kompyuter savdosi bosh ko'rgazmasi bo'lgan.[10]

1995 yilda Adelson va uning sheriklari "Interface Group Show Show" bo'limini, shu jumladan COMDEX shoularini sotdilar SoftBank korporatsiyasi 862 million dollarga Yaponiya; Adelsonning ulushi 500 million dollardan oshdi.[10]

Sands Casino

Las-Vegas, Nevada

Palazzo, Las-Vegas

1988 yilda Adelson va uning sheriklari uni sotib olishdi Sands Hotel va Casino Las-Vegasda, sobiq hangout Frank Sinatra va Sichqoncha to'plami. Keyingi yil Adelson va uning sheriklari qurdilar Sands Expo and Convention Center, keyin yagona xususiy mulk bo'lgan va boshqariladigan anjuman markazi AQShda

Tadbirkorlik mohiyatan hamma yuradigan yo'lni belgilaydi; va boshqacha, yaxshiroq yo'lni tanlash.

- Sheldon Adelson[14]

1991 yilda, asal oyi paytida Venetsiya ikkinchi xotini Miriam bilan Adelson a uchun ilhom topdi mega-kurort mehmonxona. U Qumlarni yo'q qildi va qurilish uchun 1,5 milliard dollar sarfladi Venetsiyalik, Venetsiya mavzusidagi kurort mehmonxonasi va kazino. Venetsiyalik 1999 yil 3-mayda ochilgan. 2003 yilda Venetsiyalik 1013-lyuks Venetsiya minorasini qo'shib qo'ydi - bu mehmonxonaga 4049 ta suit taqdim etdi; 18 restoran va kanallari bo'lgan savdo markazi, gondollar va gondolchilarni kuylash.

Baytlahm, Pensilvaniya

2000 yillarning oxirida Adelson va kompaniya kazino kurortini qurishga qaror qilishdi Baytlahm, Pensilvaniya. Bu tomonidan uyalar litsenziyasi berilgan beshta mustaqil kazino biridir Pensilvaniya O'yinlarni boshqarish kengashi 2006 yilda kazino 2009 yil 22 mayda ochilgan. Stol o'yinlari 2010 yil 18 iyulda boshlangan. Mehmonxona 2011 yil 27 mayda ochilgan. Adelson "Agar bizda yaxlit kurort qurish imkoniyati bo'lsa, biz buni qilamiz Bizning fikrimizcha, bu Pensilvaniya shtatiga mijozlar va soliq tushumlarini jalb qiladi Lehigh Valley va unda joylashgan shaharlar. "[21]

The Venetsiyalik Makao, maydoni bo'yicha dunyodagi ettinchi eng katta bino

2010 yilda, davomida Katta tanazzul, Dedi Adelson The Wall Street Journal "Agar bugun bo'lganida, ehtimol biz uni boshlamagan bo'lar edik."[22]

Makao, Xitoy

The Cotai Jet, Makao va Gonkong o'rtasida tezkor tranzitni ta'minlash

Adelson Sands nomini olib kelish bo'yicha yirik loyihani boshlagan Makao, 1999 yil dekabrgacha Portugaliyaning mustamlakasi bo'lgan xitoylik qimor shahri. Bir million kvadrat metr Makao qumlari ga aylandi Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi 2004 yil may oyida ochilgan Las-Vegas uslubidagi birinchi kazino. U bir yil ichida 265 million dollarlik dastlabki sarmoyasini tikladi va aktsiyalarning 69 foiziga egalik qilganligi sababli, 2004 yil dekabrida aktsiyalarni sotib olib, o'z boyligini oshirdi. Makao Sands ochilganidan beri Adelsonning shaxsiy boyligi o'n to'rt martadan oshdi.[23]

2007 yil avgustda Adelson 2,4 milliard dollarni ochdi Venetsiyalik Makao Dam olish maskani mehmonxonasi yoqilgan Cotai va u o'zi chaqirgan ulkan, kontsentratsiyalangan kurort zonasini yaratishni rejalashtirayotganini e'lon qildi Cotai Strip, Las-Vegasdagi hamkasbidan keyin. Adelson kabi brendlar ostida ko'proq mehmonxonalar ochishni rejalashtirganligini aytdi To'rt fasl, Sheraton va Sankt-Regis. Uning Las Vegas Sands kompaniyasi 2010 yilgacha Cotai Strip-da 12 milliard dollar sarmoya kiritishni va 20 000 mehmonxona xonasini qurishni rejalashtirgan.[24]

Xabarlarga ko'ra Adelson kompaniyasining qonun buzilganligi sababli federal tekshiruv o'tkazilgan Xorijiy korruptsiya amaliyoti to'g'risidagi qonun Makao advokatiga to'langan to'lovlar bilan bog'liq.[25][26] 2015 yilda Sands kompaniyasi bilan 9 million dollarlik hisob-kitobni to'lashga rozi bo'ldi Qimmatli qog'ozlar va birja komissiyasi,[27] bunda qonunbuzarliklarni tan olish yo'q edi.

Marina Bay, Singapur

Marina Bay Sands, Singapur uchinchi o'rinda dunyodagi qimmatbaho bino

2006 yil may oyida Adelsonning Las-Vegas Sands shahrida kazino kurortini qurish uchun qizg'in bahsli litsenziya berildi Singapur Marina ko'rfazi. Yangi kazino, Marina Bay Sands, 2010 yilda 5,5 milliard dollarlik mish-mishlar bilan ochilgan. Uning tarkibiga The Shoppes do'konlari, Sands Live kontsert seriyasining konvensiya markazi, ko'plab suzish havzalari, tungi klublar va 2500 lyuks mehmonxonalar kiradi.[28][29]

Boshqa tadbirlar

Isroil matbuoti

Parijdagi Makao, 2,5 milliard dollarlik loyiha

2007 yilda Adelson uni sotib olish uchun muvaffaqiyatsiz taklif qildi Isroil gazeta Maariv. Ushbu urinish muvaffaqiyatsiz tugagach, u parallel ravishda nashr etish rejalarini davom ettirdi bepul kundalik gazeta bilan raqobatlashmoq Isroil, 2006 yilda u asos solgan, ammo tark etgan gazeta.[30] Yangi gazetaning birinchi nashri, Isroil Xayom, 2007 yil 30 iyulda nashr etilgan. 2014 yil 31 martda Adelson Quddus sudidan sotib olish uchun ruxsat oldi Maariv va konservativ gazeta Makor Rishon.[31] 2016 yilda Adelsonning advokati uning Isroil Xayomga egalik qilmasligini, ammo uning qarindoshiga tegishli ekanligini e'lon qildi.[32]

A Maqsadli guruh indeksi (TGI) so'rovi 2011 yil iyul oyida nashr etilgan, Isroil Xayomboshqa barcha Isroil gazetalaridan farqli ravishda bepul tarqatiladigan, tashkil topganidan to'rt yil o'tib (ish kunlari) kunlik birinchi raqamli gazetaga aylandi.[33] Ushbu so'rovnoma shuni ko'rsatdiki Isroil Xayom 39.3% ish kunidagi o'quvchilarning ta'siriga ega edi, Yediot Ahronot 37%, Maariv 12,1% va Haaretz 5,8%. The Yediot Ahronot dam olish kunlari nashri 44.3% o'quvchilarni qamrab olish darajasi bilan etakchi o'rinni egallagan bo'lsa, 31% ga nisbatan Isroil Xayom hafta oxiri nashri, 14,9% Maariv, va uchun 6,8% Haaretz. Ushbu tendentsiyani TGI so'rovi 2010 yil iyul oyida allaqachon kuzatgan.[34]

2011 yilda Isroil matbuoti Adelson Isroil haqidagi xabarlardan norozi ekanligini aytdi 10-kanal Adelson Las-Vegasda siyosiy aloqalar orqali noo'rin ravishda kazino litsenziyasini qo'lga kiritganini da'vo qilmoqda.[35] Adelson sud bilan tahdid qilgandan keyin kanal uzr so'radi. Bu yangiliklar rahbari Reudor Benzimanning iste'fosiga olib keldi; yangiliklar muharriri Ruti Yuval; va kechirim so'rashga qarshi bo'lgan yangiliklar ko'rsatuvchisi Gay Zohar.[36] Ikki oylik muhokamadan so'ng Isroil Televizion va radio uchun ikkinchi hokimiyat kechirim so'rash uslubida ba'zi kamchiliklar mavjud bo'lsa-da, kechirim so'rash to'g'risidagi qaror to'g'ri va o'rinli bo'lgan deb qaror qildi.[35]

Las-Vegas Review-Journal

2015 yil dekabr oyida Adelson uni sotib oldi Las-Vegas Review-Journal gazeta. Xarid News + Media Capital Group MChJ deb nomlangan mas'uliyati cheklangan jamiyat orqali amalga oshirilgan va uning bitimga aloqadorligi dastlab sir saqlangan.[37] Sotib olish to'g'risida e'lon qilinganidan bir hafta o'tgach, uchta Sharh-jurnal jurnalistlar kelishuvni Adelsonning nomidan Adelsonning kuyovi Patrik Dyumont tomonidan uyushtirilganligini aniqladilar.[38] Sharhlovchilar qog'oz uchun to'langan 140 million dollarni "dabdabali" va haddan tashqari ortiqcha to'lov deb ta'rifladilar va bu harakat Adelsonning biznes yoki siyosiy kunlarini yanada kuchaytirish uchun kuchli o'yin bo'ldi deb taxmin qilishdi.[39]

Bir necha hafta ichida gazeta muharriri "ixtiyoriy sotib olish" ni to'xtatdi.[40] 2016 yil yanvar oyida tahririyat tamoyillari to'plami ishlab chiqildi va e'lon qilindi gazetaning mustaqilligi va Adelsonning egalik huquqi bilan bog'liq bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan manfaatlar to'qnashuvini bartaraf etish. Fevral oyida Gannett tashkilotining faxriysi Kreyg Moon yangi noshir deb e'lon qilindi va darhol ushbu printsiplarni nashrdan olib tashladi. Shuningdek, u Adelson tomonidan ilgari surilgan yangi Las-Vegas futbol stadioni haqidagi taklif haqidagi voqealarni shaxsan ko'rib chiqishni, tahrir qilishni va ba'zida o'ldirishni boshladi.[41] O'tgan bir necha oy ichida jurnalistlarning ta'kidlashicha, Adelson haqidagi, xususan uning Makaodagi tijorat ishlari bilan bog'liq davom etayotgan sud jarayoni haqidagi hikoyalar yuqori menejment tomonidan qattiq tahrir qilingan.[42]

Ko'plab muxbirlar va muharrirlar "tahririyat erkinligi cheklangani, xiralashgan biznes muomalalari va axloqsiz menejerlar" deb gazetani tark etishdi.[43] Dastlab Adelsonga egalik qilish haqidagi voqeani buzgan uchta jurnalist ham ketishdi. Adelson haqida tez-tez yozgan va u tomonidan tuhmat uchun muvaffaqiyatsiz sudga tortilgan ko'p yillik sharhlovchi Jon L. Smit, Adelson haqida endi hech narsa yozolmasligini aytgandan keyin iste'foga chiqdi.[43]

23 sentyabrda Adelson 2016 yilgi Respublikachilar saylov kampaniyasiga 65 million dollarlik xayriya qismi sifatida Trampning prezidentlik kampaniyasiga 25 million dollar miqdorida xayriya qilganini e'lon qildi. tsikl[44] Bu, shuningdek, uni Donald Trampning Oq uyga da'vogarligi bo'yicha eng yirik donorga aylantiradi.[44]

Adelsonning gazetasi Las-Vegas Review-Journal, yagona asosiy mutaxassis edi Trumpni ma'qullash uchun mamlakat bo'ylab gazeta.[45][46]

Adelson Trampning ochilish marosimiga eng katta donor bo'lib, bayramga 5 million dollar xayriya qildi.[47]

AQShning Eronga nisbatan siyosati

Paneli muhokamasida Yeshiva universiteti 2013 yil 22-oktabrda Adelson AQSh Eronning gumon qilinayotgan yadro quroli dasturi bo'yicha masalani qat'iylashtirishi kerakligini aytdi. U shunday dedi: "Siz uyali telefoningizni olib, biron bir joyga qo'ng'iroq qilasiz Nebraska va siz "yaxshi, qo'yib yuboring" deysiz, demak, atom quroli, sahro o'rtasida ballistik raketalar, jonga ziyon keltirmaydigan raketalar, ehtimol bir nechta bo'rmish ilon va chayon yoki boshqa narsalar bor. "U buni tushuntirdi, kuch namoyishidan va Tehronga yadroviy bomba tashlaymiz degan tahdiddan keyin AQSh shunday deyishi kerak: "Agar siz [Eron] tinch bo'lishni istasangiz, shunchaki hammasini o'zgartiring va biz sizga atom elektr stantsiyasiga ega bo'lishingizga kafolat beramiz. elektr maqsadlari uchun, energiya maqsadlari uchun. "[48][49] Adelsonning matbuot kotibi jurnalistlarga Adelsonning "sahroda atom bombasini ishlatish to'g'risida" so'zma-so'z gapirmasligini "va u" giperboladan foydalanib, ... harakatlar so'zlardan balandroq gapirishini "aytdi.[50]

DeLay munozarasi

Davomida Suen sudi, Adelsonning Las-Vegas Sands kompaniyasining prezidenti Bill Veydner Adelson va uning do'sti o'sha paytdagi telefon suhbati to'g'risida guvohlik bergan.Ko'pchilik vakillar palatasi rahbari Tom DeLay (R-TX) Vakil tomonidan taklif qilingan qonun loyihasi to'g'risida Tom Lantos (D) bu oldini olishga imkon beradi AQSh Olimpiya qo'mitasi xitoyliklarni taklif qilish uchun ovoz berishdan 2008 yil yozgi Olimpiya o'yinlari. Bir necha soatdan so'ng DeLay qayta qo'ng'iroq qildi va Adelsonga Pekin meri "bu qonun hech qachon kun yorug'ligini ko'rmaydi" deb aytishi mumkinligini aytdi. Qaror qabul qilinmadi. Adelson sudda guvohlik berib, ushbu qarorning yo'q bo'lib ketishi "... boshqa qonun hujjatlari matbuoti natijasida (DeLay tomonidan uning xayrixohiga yordam berish uchun qilingan qasddan qilingan harakat emas").[23]

Nasha

Nasha legallashtirishga qarshi kurash "Adelson" ning shaxsiy ehtirosidir, uning o'g'li Mitchel geroin va kokainning haddan tashqari dozasidan vafot etgan.[51] Mitchell yoshligidan kokain va geroin ishlatganligi aytilgan.[52]

Adelson ishonadi nasha a shlyuzli dori.[53] Las-Vegas Sands vitse-prezidenti Endi Abbud "marixuana tarafdorlari Sheldon va Miriam Adelsonda uxlab yotgan gigantni uyg'otdi" deb aytdi.[51]

Isroil-Amerika Kengashini qayta tuzish

2017 yil noyabr oyida bo'lib o'tgan konferentsiyada Isroil-Amerika Kengashi, Adelson tashkilot birinchi navbatda Isroil bilan bog'liq masalalar bo'yicha siyosiy lobbi guruhiga aylanishi kerakligini e'lon qildi. Dan farqli o'laroq Amerika Isroil jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar qo'mitasi (AIPAC), ikki davlatning echimini va falastinliklarga doimiy yordamni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi, Adelson IAC uchun bu ikkala pozitsiyaga qarshi chiqish yo'lini belgilab berdi. Isroil jurnalisti Chemi Shalev IAC siyosiy bosim guruhiga aylanish niyatida bo'lmaganligini va Adelson uni "o'g'irlab" olganini aytdi.[54]

Internetda qimor o'ynash

Adelson so'nggi yillarda internetga asoslangan qimor o'yinlariga qarshi tobora qattiq kurashmoqda.[55] Qonuniylashtirilishiga va Las-Vegasdagi ko'plab kazino rahbarlarining qabuliga qaramay, Adelson onlayn qimor o'yinlarini qonuniylashtiradigan so'nggi shtat qonunchiligini bekor qilmoqchi bo'lgan nomzodlarga pul to'kdi. 2015 yil boshida Adelson AQSh Vakillar palatasida kiritilgan qonun loyihasini ommaviy ravishda qo'llab-quvvatladi. Amerikaning simlarni tiklash to'g'risidagi qonuni deb nomlangan qonunchilik Respublikachilar partiyasi tomonidan turli xil sharhlar bilan kutib olindi.[56]

Hurmat

Adelson va uning rafiqasi Miriam Adelsonga sovg'alar taqdim etildi Vudro Vilson mukofoti tomonidan korporativ fuqarolik uchun Woodrow Wilson xalqaro olimlar markazi ning Smitson instituti 2008 yil 25 martda.[57]

Adelson raisning mukofotini Nevada siyosati tadqiqot instituti, Las-Vegasdagi fikrlash markazi, uning oldinga siljishi uchun erkin bozor Nevadadagi printsiplar.[58]

Bundan tashqari, Prezident Jorj V.Bush Adelsonlarni unga hamrohlik qilish uchun Faxriy delegatsiya tarkibiga tayinladi Quddus ning 60 yilligini nishonlash uchun Isroil davlati 2008 yil may oyida.[59]

2014 yilda Adelson nomini oldi CNBC so'nggi 25 yil ichida biznesni o'zgartirgan 200 kishining ro'yxati; ro'yxatdagilar "yuqori darajadagi rahbarlar, ikonkalar va isyonchilar, so'nggi chorak asrda eng katta ta'sirga ega bo'lgan, eng katta o'zgarishlarga sabab bo'lgan va biznesdagi eng ko'p buzilishlarga sabab bo'lgan odamlarning aniq ro'yxati" deb ta'riflangan.[60]

Siyosatga aralashish

Adelson 2019 yilda Donald Tramp bilan

Adelsonning ta'kidlashicha, Bostonning kam ta'minlangan mahallasida muhojir oilasida tarbiyalanganligi sababli, "biz demokratlar ekanligimiz aytilmagan". U oilasining sadoqatini ularning 1930-1940 yillardagi Demokratik partiyasi xayriya, o'z-o'ziga ishonish va hisobdorlik tarafdorlari, shuningdek yahudiylarning sabablarini qo'llab-quvvatlashga qo'shilishlariga ishonganliklari bilan izohladi.[61] 2012 yilda Wall Street Journal "Men demokratlarni tark etmadim. Ular meni tark etishdi" deb nomlangan nashrda Adelson siyosiy partiyalarni respublikachilarga o'tishiga uchta sababni aytib o'tdi. Birinchidan, u tashqi siyosatni keltirib, a ga ishora qiladi Gallup Respublikachilar Demokratlarga qaraganda Isroilni ko'proq qo'llab-quvvatlamoqda degan fikr.[62] Ikkinchidan, u respublikachilar demokratlardan ko'ra ko'proq xayriya qilishini ko'rsatadigan statistik ma'lumotlarni keltiradi. Ushbu da'voni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun Adelson hisobotni keltiradi Xayriya xronikasi soliq ma'lumotlarini o'rganib chiqqandan so'ng, da'vo qilmoqda IRS, Respublikachilarga ovoz beradigan AQSh shtatlari Demokratik partiyalarga qaraganda xayriya tashkilotlariga ko'proq saxovat ko'rsatadilar.[63] "Bizning uyda kambag'allar uchun xayriya qutisini saqlagan otam ... zamonaviy demokratlar haqidagi bu haqiqatdan yuzini burishtirgan bo'lar edi."[64] Uchinchidan, u Illinoys shtatidagi byudjetni inqirozga qarshi operativ guruhi va siyosatshunos tomonidan partiyaviy bo'lmagan holda o'rganilishini keltiradi. Uolter Rassell Mead Demokratik partiyaning iqtisodiy siyosati ijtimoiy adolat haqidagi va'dalarini bajarmayapti va mamlakatning eng gullab-yashnayotgan va jadal rivojlanayotgan shtatlaridan birini (Illinoys) buzib tashlagan deb da'vo qilmoqda.[65]

Adelson, shuningdek, har bir respublikachining pozitsiyasiga rozi emasligini va bir nechta ijtimoiy masalalarda liberal ekanligini ta'kidlaydi; Respublikachilar Isroil singari liberal demokratik davlatlarni qo'llab-quvvatlashda, xayriya ruhida yaxshiroq o'rnak ko'rsatishda va iqtisodiy ishlarni qo'llab-quvvatlashda, bu ish qidirayotgan amerikaliklar uchun yaxshiroq bo'lishiga ishonadi.

Boshqalar Adelsonning partiyani almashtirishiga turlicha sabablarni keltirmoqdalar. "Nima uchun men boshqalardan ko'ra ko'proq soliq foizini to'lashim kerak?", Dedi u. Nyu-Yorker, bu Adelsonga katta hissa qo'shishni boshladi Respublika milliy qo'mitasi uning kasaba uyushmalari bilan to'qnashuvlaridan so'ng Las-Vegas xususiyatlari.[23]

Nyu-Yorker maqola ham keltirilgan Shelli Berkli, Nevada Demokratik partiya kongressmen, u Adelson bilan uzoq vaqtdan beri janjallashib kelgan, ilgari u 1990-yillarda u uchun huquqiy va hukumat masalalari bo'yicha vitse-prezident bo'lib ishlagan, Adelson unga "eski demokratlar kasaba uyushmasi bilan bo'lgan va u orqasidan xalos bo'lishni xohlagan" deb aytgan. kasaba uyushmasi, binobarin u demokratlarning orqasini sindirishi kerak edi ". Boston Globe Adelsonning "Las-Vegasda kasaba uyushmalariga qarshi bir nechta achchiq janglarni olib borganligi" ni da'vo qilmoqda.[23][66] Berkli keltirilgan Nyu-Yorker Maqolada aytilishicha, Adelson "siyosat va davlat siyosatida pulning xom kuchi orqali hukmronlik qilishga intiladi".[67]

Adelson o'zining siyosiy e'tiqodi va xulq-atvori uchun berilgan izohlarni rad etadi, chunki uning bunday tasvirlari uning tanqidchilarining o'z siyosiy mafkurasi bilan ifloslangan.[68]

2012 yil fevral oyida Adelson aytdi Forbes u "juda boy odamlarning saylovga urinishga yoki unga ta'sir o'tkazishga qarshi. Ammo buni amalga oshirish mumkin ekan, men buni qilaman. Chunki men yigitlarga yoqishini bilaman Soros buni o'nlab yillar davomida, hattoki o'nlab yillar davomida amalga oshirmoqda. Va ular pullarini jalb qilish uchun korporatsiyalar tarmog'ini yaratish orqali radar ostida qoladilar. Mening o'z falsafam bor va bundan uyalmayman. Pulni berdim, chunki buni amalga oshirishning boshqa qonuniy usuli yo'q. Mening ismimni yashirish uchun o'n xil korporatsiyalardan o'tishni xohlamayman. Men nima qilayotganimdan faxrlanaman va tan olinishdan qochmoqchi emasman. "[69]

2004 yil may oyida Adelson ochildi Makao qumlari, Osiyodagi birinchi Amerika uslubidagi kazino.[70][71]

2005 yilda Adelson va uning rafiqasi har biriga 250 ming AQSh dollari miqdorida mablag 'qo'shdilar Jorj V.Bushning ikkinchi inauguratsiyasi.[72][73][74]

Adelson asosiy moliyaviy yordamchi bo'lgan Ozodlik tomoshasi, Jorj Soros va ta'siriga qarshi kurashish uchun tashkil etilgan, hozirda ishdan chiqqan siyosiy targ'ibot guruhi Demokratik kabi lobbi guruhlarini tozalash MoveOn.org. Freedom's Watch-ning 30 million dollarlik mablag'laridan "deyarli barchasi" 2008 yilgi saylovlar Adelsondan kelgan.[75]

2010 yilda Adelson 1 million dollar xayriya qildi Kelajakni yutish uchun Amerika echimlari, a siyosiy harakatlar qo'mitasi Respublikachilar partiyasini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi (PAC) Palata spikeri Nyut Gingrich.[76] 2011 yil dekabrda, Gingrich davrida AQSh prezidentligiga nomzod, Adelson Gingrichning bahsli so'zlari haqida ijobiy gapirdi Falastinliklar, "o'zlarini falastinlik deb ataydiganlarning tarixini o'qing va Gingrich nega yaqinda falastinliklar ixtiro qilingan xalq" deb aytganini eshitasiz.[77] U AQSh Senati va Kongress nomzodlariga xayriya qildi.[78]

Davomida 2012 yil Respublikachilar partiyasi prezidentlik saylovlari, Adelson birinchi bo'lib qo'llab-quvvatladi Nyut Gingrich so'ngra oxir-oqibat nomzod Mitt Romni.[79] Umuman olganda, u mag'lub bo'lgan nomzodlarni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun 92 million dollar sarfladi 2012 yil AQSh prezident saylovi tsikl[80]

2012 yil 7-yanvarda Adelson Gingrichning g'ayratli kampaniyasini qo'llab-quvvatladi va Gingrichni qo'llab-quvvatlovchilarga 5 million dollar miqdorida xayriya yordami ko'rsatdi super PAC Bizning kelajagimizni yutish.[81] Keyingi kunga qadar super PAC reklama vaqtidan 3,4 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'ajratib qo'ydi Janubiy Karolina shtabi Gingrichning siyosiy raqibi tasvirlangan yarim soatlik filmni ishlab chiqarish va tarqatishni o'z ichiga olgan film Mitt Romni "yirtqich korporativ reyder" sifatida.[82]

23 yanvarda Adelsonning rafiqasi Miriyam xuddi shu tashkilotga "Nyutonga oid xabarni" ilgari surish uchun foydalanish bo'yicha ko'rsatma bilan qo'shimcha 5 million dollar qo'shdi.[83][84] Adelson aytdi Forbes u Gingrichga 100 million dollar miqdorida xayriya qilishga tayyor ekanligini.[85]

Shuningdek, u o'ng tarafdorlarga 5 million dollar xayriya qildi[86] super PAC Kongressning etakchilik jamg'armasi[87] va $ 60,000 dan yuqori Respublika milliy qo'mitasi.[88]

2012 yil iyun oyida Adelson Romni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi PAC "Bizning kelajagimizni tiklash" tashkilotiga 10 million dollar xayriya qildi.[89] Iyul oyida Adelson Quddusda o'tkazilgan Romni xayriya tadbirida qatnashdi.[90] Adelson qo'shildi Vudi Jonson, Jon Rakolta, Pol Singer va sayohatda bir necha o'nlab boshqa ishtirokchilar.[91] Ga binoan Bloomberg Businessweek, iyul oyidan boshlab Adelson respublikachilarga 2012 yilgi saylov tsikli uchun 30 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'ajratdi.[91]

Romni, Xitoyga taxmin qilingan past belgilangan valyuta siyosatidan voz kechish uchun bosim o'tkazilishi kerak, deb hisoblaydi; Bloomberg ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, agar Adelson Xitoy kazinolariga bo'lgan qiziqishi tufayli AQSh dollarida moliyaviy jihatdan foydali bo'lar edi Xitoy yuani qadrlashi kerak edi.[92]

2014 yil boshida Adelson Florida shtatini mag'lub etishga urinayotgan siyosiy qo'mita bo'lgan "Drug Free Florida" qo'mitasiga 2,5 million dollar xayriya qildi. Tibbiy marixuana tashabbusi huquqi bu qonuniylashtirishi mumkin Tibbiy nasha bu holatda.[93][94] Keyinchalik 2014 yilda Adelson No No 2 kampaniyasiga qo'shimcha 1,5 million dollar xayriya qildi. U nasha a deb ishonadi shlyuzli dori.[53]

2014 yilga ko'ra Vashington Post hisobot, Adelsonning strategiyasi 2016 yil AQSh prezident saylovi prezidentlikka g'alaba qozonishga qodir bo'lgan asosiy nomzodni qo'llab-quvvatlashi kerak edi. 2014 yil mart oyida Adelson mumkin bo'lgan nomzodlar bilan yakkama-yakka suhbatlar o'tkazishga qaror qildi Jeb Bush, Kris Kristi, Skott Uoker va Jon Kasich ning bahorgi yig'ilishi paytida Respublika yahudiy koalitsiyasi Adelson mehmonxonasida va kazinoda bo'lib o'tdi Venetsiyalik Las-Vegas.[80] Davomida 2015 yil dekabr respublika munozarasi O'sha joyda bo'lib o'tgan Adelson, bahs boshlanishidan oldin bir nechta nomzodlar bilan yakka tartibda uchrashuvlar o'tkazgani, shu jumladan oldingi yuguruvchi Donald Tramp.[95] Adelsonning sevimlisiga aylanish va oxir-oqibat o'n millionlab moliyaviy ko'mak olish taklifi norasmiy ravishda "Adelson boshlang'ich tashkiloti" deb nomlangan.[96][97] 13-may kuni u Trampni prezidentlikka tasdiqladi,[98] va uning kampaniyasini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun 100 million dollar miqdorida va'da berdi.[99]

2016 yil oktyabr oyida Adelson, o'g'li giyohvand moddasini haddan tashqari oshirib yuborganligi sababli vafot etdi, Massachusets shtatiga qarshi saylov kampaniyasiga 4-savol uchun million dollar xayriya qildi Massachusets shtatidagi marixuana tashabbusini qonuniylashtirish, tartibga solish va soliqqa tortish tashabbusi shaxsiy foydalanish uchun marixuanani qonuniylashtirgan.[100] Adelson, shuningdek, 2016 yilga xalaqit berish bo'yicha muvaffaqiyatsiz harakatlar uchun 1,500,000 dollar xayriya qildi Florida tibbiy marixuanani qonuniylashtirish tashabbusi.[101][102]

Adelson 2016 yilgi respublikachilarning boshlang'ich saylovlarida qatnashdi, 2016 yil boshidagi ba'zi dastlabki ko'rsatkichlar Adelsonning Trampni qo'llab-quvvatlaganligini ko'rsatuvchi sifatida talqin qilindi.[103] 2016 yil may oyida uning rasmiy ravishda tasdiqlash sabablarini tushuntirib berdi Donald Trampning prezidentlikka da'vosi, Adelson prezidentlikka nomzodda bosh direktor tajribasining muhimligini aytib o'tdi.[98]

Uchun 2018 yil AQSh saylovlari, Adelson Respublikachilar partiyasiga turli xil konservatorlar orqali taxminan 113 million dollar xayriya qildi siyosiy harakatlar qo'mitalari.[104]

31 yanvar kuni ABC News telekanali Adelson va uning rafiqasi Miriam 2018 yilda Prezident Trampning yordamchilariga maxsus advokat tomonidan tekshirilayotgan yordamchilariga yordam berish uchun tashkil etilgan "Patriot Legal Expense Fund Trust" ga 500 ming dollar qo'shganligini xabar qildi. Robert Myuller tergov qilinmoqda Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi. Ushbu mablag 'Trastning hozirgi kungacha eng katta hissasidir.[105]

Taxminlarga ko'ra Adelson 200 million dollar xayriya qiladi Tramp va GOP uchun 2020 saylovlar davri.[106] Avgust oyi boshida Tramp Adelsonga Adelson o'zi uchun etarlicha ish qilmaganidan shikoyat qilib, Adelsonga qo'ng'iroq qilganini hisobga olsak, xayriya miqdori ta'sir qilishi mumkin.[107] 2020 yil 15 oktyabrda Adelson qayta saylanish uchun kechikib, Trump PAC-ga 75 million dollar berdi.[108]

Xayriya

Adelson unga 25 million dollardan ortiq xayriya qildi Adelson o'quv kampusi Las-Vegasda o'rta maktab qurish uchun.[109][110] 2006 yilda Adelson ushbu mablag'larga 25 million dollar qo'shdi Yad Vashem Holokost shahidlari va qahramonlarni yodga olish idorasi.[111]

2007 yildan beri Adelson oilaviy jamg'armasi ga 140 million dollar miqdorida hissa qo'shdi Isroilning tug'ilgan huquqi yahudiylarning Isroilga safarlarini moliyalashtiradi.[112] Shuningdek, u 5 million dollar miqdorida mablag'ni xayr-ehson qilgan Isroil mudofaa kuchlarining do'stlari 2014 yilda.[113]

Adelson, shuningdek, Bostonda joylashgan doktor Miriam va Sheldon G. Adelson tibbiyot tadqiqotlari fondi tomonidan moliyalashtirildi.[114] Ushbu fond Adelson asabni tiklash va reabilitatsiya qilish dasturini (APNRR) 10 ta universitetning hamkorlikdagi tadqiqotchilariga 7,5 million dollar miqdorida mablag 'bilan boshladi.[115]

Yahudiylar hayotiga ijobiy ta'sir ko'rsatadigan eng yaxshi 100 kishining 2016 yildagi ro'yxatida Adelson dunyoning eng saxiy va nufuzli yahudiy xayrixohlaridan biri sifatida ta'riflangan, u "bir qator yahudiy va yahudiy bo'lmagan guruhlarga ulkan sovg'alar qilishni davom ettirmoqda".[116]

Shaxsiy hayot

Sheldon va Miriam Adelson, Woodrow Wilson mukofotlarida

Nikohlar

1970-yillarda Sheldon Adelson Massachusetsda rafiqasi Sandra va uning uch farzandi Mitchell, Gari va Shelley bilan yashagan.[117] Sheldon yoshligida asrab olgan.[118] Er-xotin 1988 yilda ajrashgan.[119]

Adelson uchrashdi Miriam Farbstayn Ochshorn, tibbiyot shifokori, keyingi yil ko'r kuni; ular 1991 yilda turmush qurishgan.[118] U ilgari a bilan turmush qurgan Tel-Aviv shifokor, doktor Ariel Ochshorn, u bilan ikki qizi bor edi.[117] Miriam "Miri" Farbstayn tug'ilgan Majburiy Falastin 1946 yilda qochib ketgan ota-onalarga Polsha oldin Holokost va shahrida joylashgan Hayfa. Mikrobiologiya va genetika fanlari bakalavrini olganidan keyin Quddusning ibroniy universiteti va tibbiyot darajasi Tel-Aviv universiteti "s Sakler tibbiyot maktabi, u Tel-Avivning Rokach (Hadassa) kasalxonasidagi shoshilinch tibbiy yordam bo'limida bosh internist bo'lib ishladi. 1993 yilda u a giyohvand moddalarni suiiste'mol qilish u erda markaz va tadqiqot klinikasi bo'lib, 2000 yilda er-xotin Las-Vegasda doktor Miriam va Sheldon G. Adelson tadqiqot klinikasini ochdilar.[120]

Sud jarayoni

2008 yil iyun oyida profil Nyu-Yorker Adelson bilan bog'liq bir nechta tortishuvlarni batafsil bayon qildi. 2008 yilda Adelsonga Makao litsenziyasini olish uchun Xitoyning etakchi amaldorlari bilan aloqalarni o'rnatishda yordam bergan gongkonglik ishbilarmon Richard Suen Adelsonni Suenga ushbu korxonadan foyda olishga ruxsat berish to'g'risidagi kelishuvidan voz kechganini aytib, Las-Vegas sudiga olib bordi. Suen 43,8 million dollarlik hukmni qo'lga kiritdi; 2010 yil noyabr oyida Nevada Oliy sudi sud qarorini bekor qildi va ishni qo'shimcha ko'rib chiqish uchun quyi sudga yubordi.[121] 2013 yil qayta ko'rib chiqilishida hakamlar hay'ati Suenni 70 million dollarga hukm chiqardi.[122][123] Sudya yana 31,6 million dollar miqdorida foizlarni qo'shib qo'ydi va Adelsonga nisbatan chiqarilgan jami sud qarori 101,6 million dollarga etdi.[124][125] Adelson yana murojaat qilmoqda.[126] Adelson kamida 450 million dollar talab qilayotgan bitimdagi uchta gumonlanuvchi "vositachilar" da'volari bo'yicha yana bir sudga duch kelmoqda.[23]

2013 yil fevral oyida Las-Vegas Sands, normativ hujjatda, ehtimol chet el amaldorlariga pora berishni taqiqlovchi federal qonunni buzganligini tan oldi. Ta'kidlanishicha, xitoylik amaldorlar Adelsonga Makao kazinosini qurishiga ruxsat berish uchun pora olgan.[127]

Adelson Londonni muvaffaqiyatli sudga berdi Daily Mail 2008 yilda tuhmat uchun. Gazeta uni "xor ishbilarmonlik amaliyotini" yuritishda va "odatdagidek va korruptsiya yo'li bilan siyosiy foydani sotib olganlikda" ayblagan. Adelson "janob Adelsonning shaxsiy daxlsizligi va ishbilarmonlik obro'siga putur etkazish" deb ta'riflangan tuhmat ishida g'olib chiqdi va u Londonga xayriya qilishini aytib, taxminan 4 million funt sterling miqdorida sud qarorini qo'lga kiritdi. Marsden Royal kasalxonasi.[128]

2012 yil avgust oyida Demokratik Kongressning tashviqot qo'mitasi (DCCC), tuhmat da'vosi bilan tahdid qilinganidan so'ng, kechirim so'radi va Adelsonning "xitoylik fohishabozlik pulini" respublikachilarga bergani to'g'risida da'vo qilgan ikkita blog postini olib tashladi.[129] Boshqa bir tashkilot Milliy Yahudiy Demokratik Kengashi, o'zlarining veb-saytlarida Adelsonning Makao kurortlarida fohishalik faoliyatini "shaxsan ma'qullaganligi" haqida xabar tarqatgan. Adelson tuhmat uchun sudga murojaat qildi, ammo federal sudya 2013 yil sentyabr oyida Adelsonga NJDCning qonuniy to'lovlarini to'lashni buyurib, da'voni rad etdi.[130]

Boylik

2007 yilda Adelsonning taxminiy boyligi 26,5 milliard dollarni tashkil qildi va bu AQSh bo'yicha eng boy odam uchinchi o'rinni egalladi Forbes.[131] va 2008 yil uchun $ 26 mlrd.[132]

2008 yilda Las-Vegas Sands Corp. aktsiyalarining narxi pasayib ketdi. 2008 yil noyabr oyida Las-Vegas Sands Corp. ushbu istiqbolga ega bo'lganligi sababli obligatsiyalarni sukut saqlashi mumkinligini e'lon qildi bankrotlik tashvish.[133] Adelson 2008 yilda boshqa amerikalik milliarderlarga qaraganda 4 milliard dollar yo'qotdi.[134][135] 2009 yilda uning boyligi taxminan 30 mlrd.dan 2 mlrd.gacha pasayib, 93% ga pasaygan.[136] U aytdi ABC News "Shunday qilib, men 25 milliard dollar yo'qotdim. Men noldan boshladim ... (qo'rqaman) degan narsa yo'q, tadbirkorga emas. Xavotir, ha. Qo'rquv, yo'q".[137] In Forbes 2009 yilgi dunyo milliarderlari ro'yxatida Adelson reytingi $ 3,4 milliard dollar bilan # 178 ga tushib ketdi,[138] 2011 yilga kelib, uning faoliyati tiklangandan so'ng, u 23,3 milliard dollarlik boyligi bilan dunyoning 16-eng boy odami sifatida qayd etildi.[139]

2013 yilda Adelson eng yuqori reytingni qo'lga kiritdi Forbes' Yiliga "Eng katta g'olib" ro'yxati, uning keskin o'sishi, Makao va Singapurdagi kazinolarining muvaffaqiyati natijasida yil davomida o'z mablag'lariga taxminan 15 milliard dollar qo'shdi.[140] 2013 yilda Adelsonning so'zlariga ko'ra 37,2 milliard dollarga teng edi Forbes,[141] va 2014 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra uning boyligi 30,4 milliard dollarni tashkil etadi.[142]

Xususiy samolyot parki

Adelson shaxsiy samolyotlar parkiga ega Las-Vegas qumlari.[143][144] 2017 yil 2-yanvar kuni Adelsonnikiga tegishli Airbus A340-500 jet. uchun rekord o'rnatdi Ben Gurion xalqaro aeroporti Shimoliy Muz okeani orqali Gavayining Honolulu shahriga to'xtovsiz uchib, aeroportni tark etgan eng uzoq reysni amalga oshirdi.[145]

Sog'liqni saqlash

2001 yilda Adelsonga tashxis qo'yilgan periferik neyropatiya, bu uning turish va yurish qobiliyatini cheklaydi.[146] 2019 yil 28 fevralda Las-Vegas Sands Adelson davolanayotganini e'lon qildi Xodkin bo'lmagan lenfoma.[147] Yangiliklar Sands kompaniyasining advokati Adelsonning Richard Suen bilan bog'liq sud ishida cho'ktirish uchun o'tirishga ojizligini aytganidan keyin oshkor qilindi. Sands vakili Ron Riz Adelsonning davolanishining nojo'ya ta'sirlari "sayohat qilish yoki doimiy ish vaqtini saqlash imkoniyatini cheklab qo'yganini" aytdi, ammo Las-Vegas Sandsning "raisi va bosh direktori vazifasini bajarishiga to'sqinlik qilmadi".[148]

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

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