Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz piyoda kuchlari razvedkasi - United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance

Bu maqola uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Resurs manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. Manbalarni toping: "Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz piyoda kuchlari razvedkasi"  – Yangiliklar  · gazetalar  · kitoblar  · olim  · JSTOR (2013 yil yanvar) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Majburiy razvedka
Recon nishonlarini majburlash
Faol	1957 yil 19 iyun - hozirgi kunga qadar
Mamlakat	Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari
Filial	Qo'shma Shtatlar dengiz piyoda korpusi
Turi	Maxsus operatsiyalarga qodir (SOC)
Rol	To'g'ridan-to'g'ri qo'llab-quvvatlash Dengiz havosidagi maxsus guruh Qo'shma tezkor guruh Maxsus razvedka Chuqur razvedka Uzoq masofali razvedka An'anaviy bo'lmagan urush To'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakat Gidrografik Razvedka Tashrif, tashrif, qidirish va olib qo'yish (VBSS) Dengiz taqiqlash operatsiyalari (MIO)
Hajmi	835 (beshta 167 a'zosi bo'lgan kompaniyalardan iborat: uchta faol vazifa (har biri bittadan) Dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchi ) va ikkitasi Dengiz kuchlari zaxirasi[1]
Qismi	Filo dengiz kuchlari (FMF) Atlantika (FMFLant) Tinch okeani (FMFPac)
Taxallus (lar)	Forecon-ni majburiy qayta tiklash
Homiysi	Dion Uilyams Jeyms L. Jons Sr. Bryus F. Meyers Jozef Z. Teylor
Shior (lar)	Celer, Silens, Mortalis ("Tez, jim, o'lik")
Nishonlar	Vetnam urushi "Shoshilinch g'azab" operatsiyasi "Faqatgina sabab" operatsiyasi "Cho'l bo'roni" operatsiyasi Umidni tiklash operatsiyasi Doimiy erkinlik operatsiyasi Iroq ozodligi operatsiyasi

Majburiy razvedka (FORECON) biri Qo'shma Shtatlar dengiz piyoda korpusi ' maxsus operatsiyalarga qodir kuchlar (SOC) va muhim elementlarini etkazib beradi harbiy razvedka uchun buyruq elementi ning Dengiz havosidagi maxsus guruh (MAGTF), ularning ishchi guruhlari qo'mondonlarini va ularning bo'ysunuvchi operatsion birliklarini qo'llab-quvvatlash orqali Filo dengiz kuchlari (FMF).^[2]

Tarixda Force Recon kompaniyalari, otryadlari va vzvodlari ikkalasini ham bajarishdi chuqur razvedka va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakat (DA) operatsiyalar. Ba'zi missiyalar endi Dengiz maxsus operatsiyalar guruhlari (MSOT) tashkil etilganligi sababli AQSh dengiz maxsus harakatlari qo'mondonligi (MARSOC) 2006 yilda. MARSOC Force Recon-ning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakatlanuvchi vzvodlaridan tashkil topgan va USSOCOM uchun bir xil vazifalarni bajarishga qodir. Ushbu ikkilamchi mavjudlik FORECON kompaniyalariga birlamchi darajadagi ustunlikka e'tibor qaratish imkoniyatini beradi razvedka ma'lumotlarini yig'ish missiya, shuningdek Tashrif, tashrif, qidirish va olib qo'yish (VBSS) ixtisoslashtirilgan reyd missiyasining tarafi.

FORECON, dushman saflari ortida mustaqil ishlash uchun javobgardir noan'anaviy maxsus operatsiyalar, support for an'anaviy urush. Qurilmaning turli xil havo, heliborne, suv osti kemalari va suvda qo'shib olish va ekstraktsiya qilish usullari bu usulga o'xshashdir. Dengiz muhrlari, Armiya yashil beretlari va Havo kuchlarining jangovar nazoratchilari Force Recon-ning vazifalari va vazifalari asosan dengiz ekspeditsiyasi va amfibik operatsiyalarni qo'llab-quvvatlashga qaratilganligi bilan biroz farq qiladi.^[3]

Missiya

Ikki xil missiya turlari davomida paydo bo'ldi Vetnam urushi Bugungi kunda ham Kuchli razvedka maqsadlarida amalga oshirilmoqda: Kalit teshik va Sting Rey. Keyinchalik ushbu amaliyotlar zamonaviy bo'lib qoldi chuqur razvedka yoki yashil operatsiyalar; va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakat, ular qora operatsiyalar deb nomlanadi.

Key Houl patrullari faqat razvedka va kuzatuv atrofida ishlab chiqilgan; odatda engil jihozlangan va mudofaa qurollari bilan qurollangan - zarurat tug'ilganda dushman bilan aloqani uzish uchun qochish usullari ishlatilgan, dushman bilan aloqa qilishdan qochish birinchi o'rinda turardi. Sting Rey operatsiyalari Key Hole missiyalariga qarama-qarshi bo'lib, maqsadlari hujum hujumlari yo'nalishi bo'yicha aniqroq bo'lgan, FORECON operatorlari juda qurollangan va agar mavjud bo'lsa, artilleriya va / yoki dengiz qurollaridan foydalanganlar.

Biroq, "keyhole" patrulidan boshlangan narsa ozgina ogohlantirishsiz "stingray" patruliga aylanishi mumkin. FORECON-ning ko'p qirraliligi, missiyalar tezda razvedka patrulidan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakatga o'tishga rejalashtirilgan yoki rejalashtirilmaganida namoyon bo'ladi.^[3]

Yashil operatsiyalar

To'rt kishi fireteam Dengiz piyodalari dushman va unga qo'shni plyajlar to'g'risida ma'lumot olish uchun dengiz qirg'og'iga kirib borishni simulyatsiya qilib, 1985 yil 2-chi kuch razvedka kompaniyasi, II dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchlari, MCB Camp Lejeune, NC tasvirida yuqorida (o'ngdan chapga) guruh etakchisi LCpl Jeyms Skvarts, LCpl Lourens Gentile, Cpl Maykl Norton va LCpl Samuel Marquet.- yashil operatsiyalarning namunasi.

Yashil operatsiyalar - bu Force Recon-ning asosiy vazifasi, harbiy ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan har qanday tegishli razvedkani to'plash, dushmanlarni kuzatish, aniqlash va ularga xabar berish. MAGTF qo'mondonlar.^[4] Yoqdi Division Recon (shuningdek, Marine Recon batalyonlari deb ham ataladi), ular aralash elementlardan foydalanadilar amfibiya razvedkasi va yer razvedkasi. Ushbu amaliyot tubdan razvedkaning keng spektrini qamrab oladi, lekin birinchi navbatda FORECON operatorlari olib boradilar chuqur razvedka.

Force Recon vzvodlari o'zlarining tayinlangan sohil (qirg'oq) mintaqasidan dushman hududiga kuch qo'mondoni tarkibida kirib borgan holda, o'zlarining Recon-ga o'xshashlariga qaraganda uzoqroqda harakat qilishadi.javobgarlikning taktik sohasi '(TAOR). Ular shunchalik katta masofalarda ishlaydilarki, ular hech kimning chegarasidan tashqarida yoki muxlis emas artilleriya va / yoki dengiz qurollarini qo'llab-quvvatlash (NGFS); Operatsiyalari asosan artilleriya va o'q otishni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan muxlislar tarkibiga kiruvchi Division Recon birodarlaridan farqli o'laroq. Sukut va yashirinlik ularning pozitsiyalariga putur etkazish ehtimolini kamaytirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega - agar bitta tur o'q uzilsa, missiya muvaffaqiyatsiz deb hisoblanadi.

Qo'shma Shtatlar dengiz piyodalari korpusining razvedka bo'linmalari yoki FORECON chuqur razvedkada, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakatlarda va qo'llab-quvvatlovchi qurollarni boshqarishda ishlaydi; harbiy razvedkani jang maydonida qo'mondonning ta'sir doirasidan tashqarida etkazish. Ular Qo'shma Shtatlarni himoya qilishda an'anaviy va noan'anaviy urush usullaridan foydalangan holda amfibiya va quruqlikdagi operatsiyalarning birlashtirilgan usullarida mustaqil ravishda ishlashga qodir.

Force Recon hech qachon Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining maxsus operatsiyalar qo'mondonligining tarkibiga kirmagan bo'lsa-da, ularning vazifalari AQShning maxsus operatsiyalar kuchlarining boshqa bo'linmalaridan bir oz farq qiladi. So'zlashuv nutqi bilan aytganda, ular urushning barcha taktik yo'nalishlariga ixtisoslashgan. Force Recon boshqa maxsus operatsiyalar kuchlari, masalan, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Dengiz kuchlari SEALs, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining maxsus kuchlari va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari Pararescue kabi barcha mahorat to'plamlarini o'zlashtirish uchun mashq qiladi. Dengiz kuchlari korpusi janglarning alohida yo'nalishlari bo'yicha mutaxassislarni emas, balki ko'p qirrali mutaxassislarni tayyorlashni ma'qul ko'rdi.

Ob'ektiv ravishda ularning razvedka rollari (amfibiya yoki tuproq elementlarida bo'lsin) mavhum dastlabki (yoki "kun oldin") va hujumdan keyingi razvedka, asosan ko'plab missiyalardan iborat bo'lib, ba'zi misollar keltirilgan:

• jangdagi zararni baholash (BDA) missiyalari - ushbu vazifalar og'ir yukni ko'tarish choralari (artilleriya va dengiz qurollarini qo'llab-quvvatlash), yuqori portlovchi yoki termoyadroviy qurollar tufayli etkazilgan foydali yuk tufayli maqsad (lar) ning garov ziyoniga guvohlik berish va hisobot berishni o'z ichiga oladi.
• masofaviy datchiklar bilan ishlash^[5] Masofaviy datchiklar va mayoqlarni joylashtirish vertolyot uchuvchilari uchun samimiy / dushmanlik chegaralarini va maydonlarini belgilashda, hujum yoki piyoda transport vositalarida, jangovar yoki moddiy ta'minot uchun zararli bo'lib qolishi uchun juda muhimdir; ushbu topshiriq yo'llarni qidirish operatsiyalarini eskirgan holga keltirdi.
• dastlabki terminal ko'rsatmasi (ITG) - qo'nish zonalarini o'rnatish (tayyorlash) va tomchi zonalar (DZ) oldinga yo'naltirilgan operatsion maydonlar uchun dengiz statsionar yoki aylanma qanotli samolyotlar, parashyutga kirish uchun kelajakdagi qo'nish joylari yoki suv ostida joylar (qo'nish kuchlari, kemadan qirg'oqqa) operatsiyalar.

Qora operatsiyalar

To'g'ridan-to'g'ri jangovar vzvod (DAP) operatorlari guruhi Dengizda taqiqlash operatsiyasi (MIO) mashqlari davomida "Tashrif, bort, qidirish va tutish" (VBSS) mashg'ulotlarini olib boradi. - qora operatsiyalarga misol.

Qora operatsiyalar - bu talab qilinadigan vazifalar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakat (DA). Ular Force Recon operatorlari "muammo qidiradigan" yashil operatsiyalar missiyalariga qarama-qarshi. Vaziyat va maqsadga qarab, FORECON operatorlari odatda artilleriya va dengiz qurollarini qo'llab-quvvatlash foniy ichida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakat vazifalarini bajaradilar; ushbu operatsiyalar "kichik ko'lamli" hayrat va dahshat.

Masalan, tutilish va ishg'ol gaz / neft platformalari (GOPLAT) va Tashrif, tashrif, qidirish va olib qo'yish (VBSS) paytida kemalar Dengiz taqiqlash operatsiyalari (MIO), shuningdek, orkestrlash yaqin havo qo'llab-quvvatlashi, DA missiyalarida hayotiy mahorat; Recon operatorlarini majburlash oldinga qarab turing statik holatlardan va o'rgimchak teshiklari artilleriya uchun va dengiz qurollarini qo'llab-quvvatlash, yoki pulemyotlar va foydali yuklarni etkazib berish.

Ular ta'minlaydilar Shaxsiy xavfsizlik tafsilotlari (PSD) juda muhim xodimlar uchun. Ular ijro etishga qodir Ekstremisda garovga olinganlarni qutqarish (IHR), ammo bu endi Force Recon missiyasining vazifasi emas.^[6] The Dengiz maxsus maqsadli kuchlar (MSPF) IHR missiyalari uchun mo'ljallangan Dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchi bo'ysunuvchi (MEF) Dengiz ekspeditsiya bo'limi (maxsus operatsiyalarga qodir) (MEU (SOC)) o'rniga.

Tashkilot

Ilgari, Dengiz Korpusidagi dastlabki Force Reconnaissance kompaniyalari o'zining tashkiliy jadvalida (T / O) juda ko'p titulli o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirgan edilar, shuning uchun uning asosiy buyruq tuzilishini batafsil tavsiflash qiyin bo'lishi mumkin edi. Biroq, kompaniyalar dastlab Dengiz kuchlari / Dengiz kuchlari qo'mondonlari esheloni ostida ishlashga mo'ljallangan edi (masalan, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri operatsion nazorati ostida) Amfibiya maxsus guruhi qo'mondoni (CATF) va Landing Force (CLF) va Filo dengiz kuchlari ) amfibiya paytida qo'nish operatsiyalari yoki ekspeditsiya ishlari - o'zlarining razvedka boyliklarini dengiz piyoda bo'linmasidan sarf qilmasdan o'z vaqtida razvedka xizmatini taqdim etish, ularning piyoda polklarini qo'llab-quvvatlashga to'sqinlik qilmasdan.

Ushbu o'zgarishlar tufayli FORECON ajratilgan va bir nechta qo'mondonlarga xabar berilgan Dengiz bo'linmalari, Buyruq elementlari (Idoralar) ning Dengiz havo-quruqlikdagi tezkor guruhlari va darhol qo'mondoni Dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchlari (MEF). Ular qayta tashkil etilgan yoki "maxsus razvedka" topshiriqlari uchun ajratilgan, aks holda uning jang maydoni natijasini shakllantirishga yordam beradi.^[7] Ushbu kompaniyalar o'zlarining mavjud bo'lish davrida bir necha marotaba yoki Dengiz bo'linmasiga, uning polkning Recon batalyonlariga qo'shilishgan yoki faqat to'qnashuvlar paytida tiklanish uchun yoki boshqa shunga o'xshash sabablar yuzaga kelganda butunlay tarqalib ketishgan.^[3]

Yaratgandan so'ng Dengiz maxsus operatsiyalar qo'mondonligi (MARSOC) 2006 yil 11 avgustda bu AQSh dengiz piyoda qo'shinlarining birinchi majburiyatini belgilab berdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining maxsus operatsiyalar qo'mondonligi (USSOCOM). 2006 yil fevralga qadar 2-FAKT buyrug'ini o'chirib qo'ydi.^[8] Yangi tashkil etilgan dengiz maxsus operatsiyalar batalonlari (MSOB) guruhlari safini to'ldirish uchun eng tajribali operatorlar tanlab olindi. Bir oy o'tgach, yanvar oyida 1-FAKT xuddi shunday taqdirga duch keldi.^[9] Ikkala Force Recon kompaniyasining qolgan dengiz piyoda askarlari, "Recon" batalyonlari tarkibidagi yangi "D" kompaniyalariga qo'shilib, Chuqur razvedka platvoni (DRP). DRPlar MAGTF qo'mondonlariga "chuqur razvedka" aktivlarini saqlash va saqlash uchun mo'ljallangan.

2008 yil oktyabr oyida Dengiz kuchlari qo'mondoni (CMC), ikkalasi ham D kompaniyalari 1-chi va 2-razvedka batalyonlari "Kuchli razvedka" kompaniyalari sifatida qayta ishlab chiqilgan va ularga tezkor boshqaruv tayinlangan Dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchlari (MEF) mos ravishda, ayniqsa Men MEF va II MEF.^[10] Ushbu kompaniyalar an'anaviy chuqur razvedka va qo'llab-quvvatlovchi qurol-yarog 'vazifalarini o'z zimmalariga oladilar va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari tomonidan talab qilinadigan amaldagi yo'riqnomani qo'llab-quvvatlaydilar. O'sha vaqtdan beri dengiz piyoda korpusi Yaponiyaning Okinava shahridagi III MEF Force Reconnaissance Company-ni ham tikladi.

I, II va III MEF ning uchta kuch-razvedka kompaniyasi hozirgi paytda kuchning yagona faol tarkibiy qismidir.Daraja razvedka; 3-chi va 4-chi FORECON esa Tanlangan zaxira flot dengiz kuchlarini ko'paytirish va mustahkamlash uchun mavjud bo'lgan kashfiyot aktivlarini majburlash. Dengiz kuchlari qo'riqxonasida FORECON to'g'ridan-to'g'ri hisobot beradigan alohida bo'linmalardir 4-dengiz diviziyasi Qo'mondonlik general (4th MarDiv CG), agar safarbar qilinmasa va Gaining Force qo'mondoniga ajratilmasa. Bundan tashqari, alohida birliklar sifatida, FORECON tarkibiga kirmaydi 4-razvedka batalyoni, bu o'zi 4-chi MarDiv CG ga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri hisobot beradigan alohida birlik.

Tashkilot jadvali (T / O)

Har bir Force Reconnaissance kompaniyasi asosan bir xil; ularning barchasi buyruq elementi va Force Recon vzvodlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Har bir kompaniyaga a buyruq beradi rota komandiri va uning ijro etuvchi xodim.

Faol

Timsol	Ism	Ota-onalar bo'limi	Manzil
	Majburiy razvedka kompaniyasi	1-razvedka batalyoni, 1-dengiz bo'limi	MCB Camp Pendleton, Kaliforniya
		2-razvedka batalyoni, 2-dengiz bo'limi	MCB lager Lejeune, bosimining ko'tarilishi
		3-razvedka batalyoni, 3-dengiz bo'limi	Shvab lageri, Okinava
	3-kuch razvedka kompaniyasi	4-dengiz bo'limi (zaxira) Dengiz kuchlari zaxirasi, II dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchlari *	Mobil, Alabama
	4-kuch razvedka kompaniyasi	4-dengiz bo'limi (zaxira) Dengiz kuchlari zaxirasi, Men dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchlari *	Alameda, Kaliforniya
* ular boshlang'ich paytida o'zlarining Dengiz Havo-Yerdagi Vazifasini (MAGTF) ​​to'ldiradilar faol komponent FORECON kompaniyalari mavjud emas.

O'chirilgan

Logotip	Ism	Ota-ona buyrug'i	Manzil
	1-razvedka kompaniyasi	Men dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchlari	MCB Camp Pendleton, Kaliforniya
	2-razvedka kompaniyasi	II dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchlari	MCB lager Lejeune, bosimining ko'tarilishi
	5-razvedka kompaniyasi	III dengiz ekspeditsiya kuchlari	MCB lager Butler, Okinava

Tarix

"Force Recon" kompaniyalarining tarixiy ildizlari avvalgilariga borib taqaladi Amfibiya razvedka batalyoni, ularning soni juda ko'p kunduzgi razvedka paytida dushman plyajlari Tinch okeanidagi aktsiyalar ning Ikkinchi jahon urushi flot dengiz kuchlarining hayotiyligini isbotladi amfibiya razvedka doktrinasi. Ushbu noyob birlik to'g'ridan-to'g'ri desant qo'mondoniga xabar berib, uning ixtiyorida muhim razvedka xizmatini taqdim etdi.

Dastlab kompaniyaning o'lchamidagi element sifatida shakllangan Kuzatuvchilar guruhi, mayorning buyrug'i bilan Jeyms L. Jons, ular birinchilardan bo'lib, erta bilan birga edi Dengiz kuchlarini jangovar buzish birliklari (oldingisi Suv ostida buzish bo'yicha jamoalar [ya'ni dengiz flotining muhrlari]) - suvosti kemalaridan tushish; ularning aksariyat missiyalari NCDU va UDT vazifalarini to'ldirdi. "Amfibik razvedka" doktrinasida dengiz piyodalarining qayta tiklanishi vazifalari qirg'oq hududlari yoki qirg'oq bo'yi va quruqlikdan razvedkadan iborat ekanligi aniq ko'rsatilgan; mumkin bo'lgan plyajga tushish uchun tuproq o'tkazuvchanligini tekshirish; amfibiya hujumiga xalaqit beradigan to'siqlarni yo'q qilish; va dushman faoliyatining har qanday belgisini kuzatish. Dengiz kuchlari UDT-ga xuddi shunday, ammo qirg'oq chizig'idan qirg'oq bo'yiga yoki qo'shni plyaj joylarini ta'minlash vazifasi topshirildi.^[11]

Jons va uning qayta saylangan dengiz piyoda askarlari Yaponiya tomonidan mustahkamlangan plyajlarni tomosha qilishdi va erni, materiallarni yoki boshqa ob'ektlarni kuzatdilar, birinchi navbatda har qanday hayotiy kuchlar qo'mondoniga hisobot berishdi. aql missiyaga yo'naltirilgan ahamiyatga ega. Jonsning dengiz piyoda askarlari usta usta suzuvchilar bo'lishiga qaramay, ular odatda qayiqlarda, asosan, ular olib borgan ko'p sonli radio (asosiy va kontingent) tufayli, qo'nish qo'mondoni bilan aloqani uzatish muhim bo'lgan va o'z vaqtida vzvod yuborish vositasi bo'lgan. - ularning tarkibida og'ir o'q otish kuchlari (minomyotkalar, pulemyotlar va boshqalar) mavjud bo'lgan o'lchov elementi, chunki ular eskirgan-tashuvchi kemalarga o'tirgan boshqa yirik dengiz kuchlaridan ajratilgan va ajratilgan.^[7]

Ikkinchi Jahon urushi oxiriga kelib, Amfib rekon batalyoni o'z qo'mondonligini tugatdi; uning dengiz piyoda askarlari boshqa piyoda vzvodlari safini to'ldirgan yoki tarkibiga qo'shilgan Skaut (tank) kompaniyalari va yangi tashkil etilgan bo'linma razvedkasi kompaniyalar. Bu kuch darajasi razvedka elementi 1950-yillarning boshlarida Koreyada dastlabki operatsiyalar uchun amfibiya razvedka batalyonlari yig'ilguniga qadar qayta tiklanmagan. Ularning sa'y-harakatlari shuni isbotladiki, katta operatsiyadan oldin dushman haqida bilimga ega bo'lish, odamlarni himoya qilish uchun juda muhim edi va operatsion rejalashtirishni yanada yaxshilagan.

The Koreya urushi logistika va tezkor qo'shinlarni tashish uchun jangovar bandlikda dengiz piyoda korpusiga rotatsion qanotlardan foydalanishning yangi kontseptsiyasini taqdim etdi. Shuningdek, atom asri paydo bo'ldi va harbiy rahbarlar tashvishlariga sabab bo'ldi. The Dengiz kuchlari qo'mondoni, General Lemuel Cho'pon sinov birligini yaratdi Dengiz kuchlari korpusining sinov bo'limi №1 (1-sonli MCTU), yangi va takomillashtirilgan jangovar taktikalar hamda dengiz piyoda qo'shinlarini strategik ravishda ishlashga yoki unga qarshi foydalanishga tayyorlash usullarini o'rganish va tajriba o'tkazish. yadro qurollari.^[12]

Force Recon-ning ko'plab kontseptual g'oyalari 1-sonli MCTU-ning Rejalar va rivojlanish (P&D) bo'limidan sinov bo'linmasining "Razvedka / yo'lni qidiruvchi loyiha xodimi" mayor Bryus F. Meyers tomonidan kashf etilgan. Uning mavqeini "operatsiyalar" (G-6) va "o'qitish" (G-7) ofitseriga noaniq yordamchi sifatida ko'rish mumkin. Mayor Meyers "Recon Platoon" uchun turli xil innovatsion usullarni sinovdan o'tkazdi va ulardan foydalanish natijalarini baholadi parashyutda sakrash va yo'l topish missiyalar, shuningdek, "chuqurroq" razvedka qobiliyatini qo'shish uchun o'z samolyotlari va samolyot qanotlari aktivlaridan foydalanish. Ushbu yangi topilgan qobiliyat razvedka dengiz piyodalariga dushman saflari orqasida ishlash afzalligini berdi.^[2]

Kapitan Jozef Teylor qo'mondonlik qilgan 1-sonli MCTU razvedka vzvodi mayor Meyers tomonidan qo'llaniladigan zamonaviy "kuch razvedka" doktrinasini asos solgan va qabul qilgan. Ular oldin innovatsion yashirin qo'shish usullarini ishlab chiqdilar va amalga oshirdilar Dengiz muhrlari va armiya "Yashil beretlar", masalan, suv osti kemasini qulflash - va - chiqish usullari va suv ostida "zarba berish".

USMC, parashyutni kashf qilish va yo'lni qidirish qobiliyatlari kuch darajasida, Fleet Marine Force (AQSh dengiz piyodalari korpusining eng yuqori buyruq eshigi) darajasida bo'ladi degan xulosaga keldi. Dastlab, ushbu kontseptsiya "Kuchlarni qayta tiklash batalyoni" ga aylantirilishi kerak edi - bu batalonda dengiz kuchlari tarkibida bo'linma qanotli MAGTFlar qancha bo'lsa, shuncha "kuchlarni qayta tiklash" kompaniyalari bo'lishi kerak edi. 1957 moliya yili davomida cheklangan byudjetni tan olgan holda, uning o'rniga g'arbiy va sharqiy qirg'oq uchun kompaniyalarning o'lchamlarida shakllantirish tavsiya etildi.^[2] 1957 yil iyul oyida 1-sonli MCTU mavjud bo'lgan 1-amfibiya razvedka batalyoniga birlashtirildi. Ertasi kuni batalyon ranglarini yopdi va uni 1-razvedka kompaniyasi sifatida o'zgartirdi. Garchi sinov bo'limi endi ishlamagan bo'lsa-da, Meyers yanada innovatsion usullarni o'rganish va sinovdan o'tkazishda davom etdi.

Mayer Meyers va uning eng yaxshi suzuvchilari va kompaniyaning yuqori lavozimli ofitserlari suv osti kemalarini qulflash va ko'tarish usullari va ko'tarilish texnikalarini sinab, mashq qilar edilar. Dengiz flotining Master G'avvoslari tomonidan o'zaro mashg'ulotlardan so'ng, ular dastlabki operatsiyani bilib oldilar qayta tiklanadigan tizimlar va ilg'or ochiq suvda suzish. Meyers uning qayta tiklangan dengiz piyodalari dengiz qirg'og'idan yoki operatsion hududidan yoki har qanday dengiz yordamidan 50 dan 150 milya uzoqlikda harakat qilishini tushundi. Dengiz piyodalarini "issiq" hududdan olib chiqish uchun ekstraksiya usullarini ishlab chiqish kerak edi. Bryus Meyer 1-FAKT, bilan birga 1-Recon kompaniyasi va 1-dengiz samolyotlari qanoti Qo'shma Shtatlar armiyasining maxsus kuchlari tomonidan ishlatilgan McGuire va STABO tizimlaridan xabardor edilar, ammo ularning kamchiliklari va kamchiliklari borligiga rozi bo'lishdi. Buning o'rniga, Dengiz Korpusi yanada soddalashtirilgan burg'ulash uskunasi bo'lgan tizimni yaratdi, u katta quvvatga ega edi Maxsus xodimlarni kiritish va ajratib olish (SPIE) qurilmasi.^[2]

The Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi juda maxfiy Maxsus faoliyat bo'limi (SAD) va aniqrog'i uning elita Special Operations Group (SOG), Marine Force Recon kompaniyasining operatorlarini jalb qiladi.^[13] Bundan tashqari, Force Recon va Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining birgalikdagi operatsiyalari mashhur harbiy yordam qo'mondonligi, Vetnam - Tadqiqotlar va kuzatuvlar guruhiga (MACV-SOG) qaytadi. MACV-SOG davomida guruh Vetnam urushi va hozirgi kungacha mavjud.^[14]

Qurolni rejalashtirish guruhi (kod 121)

Qurol-yarog 'rejalashtirish guruhining razvedka / kuzatuv bo'limi, Quantico-dagi qo'nish kuchlarini rivojlantirish markazi Force Recon-ni maqsadlariga erishishning yangi texnologik usullari bilan tanishtirdi. Uning ko'plab sinovlari va baholari 1-sonli MCTU testlariga o'xshardi. Biroq, 1-sonli MCTU razvedka guruhlarini jang maydoniga "chuqur" kiritish usullarini sinab ko'rmoqda. Qurollarni rejalashtirish guruhi (kod 121) dengiz piyodalarini qayta tiklash uchun muhim vosita bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Vertolyotga rahbarlik qilish uchun mayoqlar, lazer belgilash moslamalari uchun ko'rsatma o'q-dorilar, masofaviy o'lchagichlar va yana ko'p narsalar sinovdan o'tkazildi.^[15]

Vetnam urushi paytida, 121-kodning razvedkachilaridan biri, keyinchalik mayor Aleks Li sinov tajribasining katta qismini 3-kuch razvedka kompaniyasi u 1969-1970 yillarda qo'mondon etib tayinlanganda. U Force Recon-ning bugungi kunda ham ajralib turadigan missiyalarini tuzdi: masofadan turib ishlaydigan datchiklar bilan ishlash. The Kuzatuv va razvedka markazi (SRC), oldingi Nazorat, razvedka va razvedka guruhi (SRIG), ichida shakllangan III dengiz amfibiya kuchlari (IIId MAF). Eskirgan yo'llarni qidirish operatsiyalari yangi mayoqlar va moslama moslamalari tomonidan qabul qilindi.^[15]

Amaliyotlar

Vetnam urushi, 1965-1974

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Resurs manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. (2012 yil fevral) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

3-kuch razvedka kompaniyasi davomida faollashtirilgan, o'qitilgan, kurashgan va o'chirilgan Vetnam urushi. 1965 yil sentyabr oyida Vetnamdagi operatsiyalar talablarini qondirish uchun birinchi qo'shimcha qurilmalar guruhidan biri sifatida faollashtirilgan kompaniya, Lejune, NC shtatida va Second Force Reconnaissance Company-ning sun'iy yo'ldoshida tashkil etilgan bo'lib, u o'qitilgan Force Recon talablari tufayli kuchga ega edi. Mamlakatdagi birinchi kuchga tayinlangan dengiz piyodalari. Mashg'ulotlar uchun qulayliklar, kadrlar va uskunalar Ikkinchi kuch tomonidan ta'minlandi.

Dengiz piyodalari korpusidan ko'ngillilar taklif qilindi va dastlabki to'rt oy kompaniyani shaxsiy tarkibida kuchaytirishga bag'ishlandi. 1966 yil yanvaridan boshlab barcha operatsion xodimlar Lejeune lageridan Karib dengizi va Panamada mashq qilish uchun jo'nab ketishdi. Mart oyida Shimoliy Karolinaga qaytib, 1966 yil may oyida joylashishni rejalashtirilgan sanasini kutib olish uchun yakuniy tayyorgarlik ishlari olib borildi. Butun kompaniyaning kutilgan joylashuvi sodir bo'lmadi, ammo Suvaysh kanali orqali tranzit qilingan USS Boxer-ga ikkita vzvod otryadi kirdi, va 1966 yil iyul oyi boshida Maxsus desant kuchlari tarkibida Xastings operatsiyasida jangga kirishish uchun mamlakatga kelgan.

Kompaniya (-) jangovar tayyor emas holatiga tushib qoldi. Dengiz kuchlari shtab-kvartirasi otryad ketgandan so'ng darhol bir nechta ofitserlarni va ko'plab xodimlarni topshirdi. Iyun oyining o'rtalarida kompaniya (-) darhol joylashtirilishi haqida ogohlantirildi. Xodimlarning tayyorgarligi pasayganligi sababli, HQMC tarqatish rejasini o'zgartirdi va Kamp Pendletonda ishga tushirilgan 26-dengiz piyodalari birinchi batalyoni bilan qo'shinni tayinlashni buyurdi. Kompaniyaning qolgan qismini to'ldirish uchun Kemp-Pendltonga ko'chib o'tishga buyruq berildi.

Xastingsning xulosasiga ko'ra, otryad DaNangdan Phu Baiga endigina etib kelgan Uchinchi razvedka batalyoniga biriktirilgan, uning o'rnida Birinchi dengiz bo'linmasi bilan endigina kelishni boshlagan Birinchi razvedka bataloni egallagan. Qisqa vaqt ichida ularga mamlakatga 1/26 bilan kelgan vzvod qo'shildi.

Ular 1967 yil yanvar oyining boshlariga qadar Tua Tien provinsiyasida patrullik qilishdi, shu vaqtgacha Maxsus Maqsad guruhi tomonidan mahbuslarni qutqarish tashabbusi amalga oshirildi. Qolganlari Khe Sanxga jo'natildi, u erda ular katta dushmanni to'plash razvedkasini ishlab chiqdilar, bu 1967 yil aprelida sodir bo'lgan Tepalik janglarining boshlanishi edi.

Uchta vzvoddan qolgan narsa birlashib, kompaniyaning kelishini kutish uchun Phu Bayga qaytib keldi (-). Quvvat va operatsion tayyorgarlikka ko'tarilgan kompaniya, 1966 yil 27 aprelda, NVA hujumi vaqtida Quang Tri provinsiyasini egallab olish uchun birlashdi. Logistika elementi Dong Xa shahridagi "Rampa" ga kuzning oxirigacha har kuni davom etadigan NVA artilleriya hujumlarining ochilish vaqtida keladi.

Operatsion element bir vaqtning o'zida Phu Bai-da minomyot hujumiga uchradi, natijada bir nechta shrapnel yaralari paydo bo'ldi, ulardan faqat bittasi evakuatsiyani talab qildi. Yangi kelganlar jangovar faxriylar bilan birlashtirildi va butun o'n sakkizta guruh Dong Xaga ko'chib o'tishdan oldin, Hue shahrining sharqidagi Cobi Than Tan vodiysida zona razvedkasini o'tkazdi.

May oyi boshida Dong Xaga etib kelganida, Qo'mondon Khe Sanh TAOR (Operatsiyalarning Taktik Uchastkasi) dan tashqari, Quang Tri provintsiyasining barcha qismida razvedka uchun mas'ul bo'lgan Uchinchi Qayta batalion (Oldinga) qo'mondonligini oldi. Kompaniya to'qqizinchi magistral yo'ldan shimolda DMZgacha patrullik qilgan, batalyon esa to'qqizinchi magistraldan janubda Thua Thien chegarasigacha bo'lgan. Vaqti-vaqti bilan yuzaga kelgan holatlar ushbu kontseptsiyadan chetga chiqishga sabab bo'ldi, ammo aksariyat hollarda bu og'ishlar kamdan-kam uchraydi. Uchinchi kuch ushbu operativ majburiyatni Uchinchi Diviziya 1969 yil noyabrda mamlakatdan chiqib ketguncha davom ettirdi.

Uchinchi kuch Uchinchi Dengiz Ekspeditsiya Kuchlari qo'mondonligi ostida joylashgan va 1970d o'rtalarida o'chirilguncha IIId MAFning umumiy ko'magi ostida ishlagan.

Missiyani tayyorlash rejasi

Kompaniyadagi o'qitish Missiyani tayyorlash rejasi (MTP) bilan belgilanadi.^[16] U tomonidan olib boriladigan mashg'ulotlar va mashqlar bilan birgalikda qo'llaniladi Dengiz ekspeditsiya bo'linmalari ular uchun "Maxsus operatsiyalarga qodir "sertifikatlash. Bu mashg'ulotlarga tizimli yondashuvdan kelib chiqadi va" kurashni ular kutgandek mashq qilish "ga urg'u beriladi.

"Dengizchilarimiz va dengizchilarimiz uchun WELFARE-ning eng yaxshi shakli bu birinchi darajali mashg'ulotlar; bu ortiqcha yo'qotishlarni tejaydi". - FORECON kompaniyalarining S-3 tomonidan berilgan MTP taklifi.^[6]

Missiyani tayyorlash rejasi besh bosqichdan iborat bo'lib, ikki yillik vzvod tsikliga asoslangan. O'qitish doimiy va doimiy bo'lib, go'yo halqa vazifasini o'taydi. FORECON operatorlari "Maxsus operatsiyalarga layoqatli" bo'lishidan oldin ular Kompaniyaning MTP-ga rioya qilishadi, bu esa o'qitish protokolini ta'kidlaydi. Joylashtirishdan oldin o'qitish dasturi (PTP).

1. 1-bosqich: individual mashg'ulotlar
2. 2-bosqich: Birlikdagi mashg'ulotlar
3. 3 bosqich: MEU (SOC) treningi
4. 4-bosqich: MEU (SOC) tarqatish
5. 5-bosqich: MEU (SOC) Post tarqatish

1-bosqich

Dastlabki, ammo kuchli o'qitish imtihonini topshirgan dengiz piyodalari nomzodlari belgilangan kurslar uchun bir qator kurslardan o'tishlari va o'tishlari kerak. MOS 0326 [avval 8654], "Qo'shilish quvuri" deb nomlanuvchi, "Reconnaissance Marine, Parachutist / Combatant Diver malakali".

Ularning turli maktablarga yo'naltirilgan kurslari "O'qitishdan oldin o'qitish dasturi" (PTP) bilan bog'liq bo'lib, bu o'quv protokoli Filo dengiz kuchlari - bor tezkor guruhlar - bu har yili doimiy va doimiy tsiklda o'tkaziladi. FORECON hamjamiyati tarkibidagi razvedkachi dengiz piyodalari noyobdir, chunki bu dengiz piyoda kuchlarining yana ikki yillik otryad bo'lib qolishga majbur bo'lishidir. Kompaniyada qolishni tanlaganlar yuqori darajadagi ko'rsatmalarga va yana navbatdagi FMF rotatsion o'quv tsikli davomida va yana davom etadilar. Bu ularning MOS 0321 uchun talab qilinadigan tegishli kursni tugatganligi va malakasini olganligi holati bilan bog'liq; aks holda, dastlabki mashg'ulotlar, masalan. qo'shilish quvuri nomzodlar uchun ajratilgan.

FORECON missiyasini tayyorlash rejasidagi birinchi bosqich MEU doirasida bo'lib o'tadi Dastlabki tayyorgarlik bosqichi.^[6]

Quvur liniyasi

Force Recon komandasi vzvodi o'zlarining jangovar rezinali kashfiyot kemalarini (CRRC) dengizga suzib yurishlariga qarshi eshkak eshishadi, bu mahoratni asosiy rekonstruksiya kurslarida o'qiganlaridan beri o'rgangan.

• Piyodalar o'qotarlari kursi - piyodalarni tayyorlash batalyoni, AQSh dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari piyoda maktablari (Sharq yoki G'arb)
• Asosiy razvedka kursi (BRC) – Qo'shma Shtatlar dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari piyodalar maktabi (G'arbiy)
• Tirik qolish, qochish, qarshilik ko'rsatish va qochish (SERE) ["S" darajasi] / Harbiy-dengiz kuchlarining masofadan o'qitish joylari; NAS Brunsvik, Rangeley, Men va NAS Shimoliy orol, Uorner-Springs, Kaliforniya.
• Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz piyoda korpusining jangovar sho'ng'in kursi - Dengiz kuchlarini sho'ng'inni qutqarish va o'qitish markazi, Dengiz kuchlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash faoliyati Panama Siti, Florida
• Havodagi asosiy kurs – Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining havo-desant maktabi, Fort Benning, Gruziya
• Parashyut bo'yicha ko'plab missiyalar kursi – CPS to'liq parashyut tizimlari, Kulidj, Arizona^[17]
• Yuqori xavfli xodimlar (HRP) kursi – MCB Quantico, Virjiniya
• Maxsus operatsiyalar bo'yicha o'quv guruhi (SOTG) - Men MEF, Pendlton lageri; II MEF, Lejeune lageri; III MEF, Lager S.D. Butler

Maxsus maktablar

"Shaxsiy o'qitish bosqichi" davomida nomzodlar ushbu bosqichdan o'tmoqdalar qo'shilish quvuri malakali MOS 0321 (Reconnaissance Marine) bo'lish. Keyingi mashg'ulotlardan so'ng, allaqachon rekord qo'yilgan Force Recon operatorlari (qo'shilish quvur liniyasida kerakli kurslarni tugatganlar [BRC, parashyutchi va sho'ng'in va SERE / HRP kurslari]) MOS 0326 ga ega bo'ladilar (razvedka dengiz piyodalari, parashyut va jangovar dayver malakaga ega) va 3 yillik aylanish tsiklidan keyin FORECON-da qolishni davom ettirishi mumkin. Ular tomonidan taqdim etilgan boshqa maktablardan o'zaro faoliyat xizmatlarini qo'shimcha ravishda o'qitish uchun tanlanishi mumkin Maxsus operatsion kuchlar (SOF) birliklari. Ushbu ixtisoslashtirilgan maktablar shart emasligiga qaramay, ular juda rag'batlantiriladi.

Ko'plab dengiz piyodalari korpusining o'quv aloqalari ko'plab harbiy xizmatlar maktablarida dengiz piyodalari vakili bo'lib, o'quv mashg'ulotlari o'tkaziladigan joylar va ochilish joylari ilg'or tayyorgarlikdan o'tishni so'ragan yoki tavsiya qilgan dengiz piyodalari tomonidan kutib olinishi va to'ldirilishini ta'minlash uchun.^[6] Ushbu kurslarning ba'zilari dengiz o'quvchilariga yordam bera olmasligi mumkin; ushbu maktablarning o'qituvchilari shu kabi yordamchi kurslarni loyihalashtirish orqali dengiz piyoda askarlari talab qilgan o'quv dasturlarini to'ldirishga kirishadilar. Ushbu dalil dengiz piyoda askarlari ishtirok etishi yoki bo'lmasligi haqida aniq bo'ladi Suv ostidagi asosiy buzish / muhr trening (BUD / S). Shunga qaramay, ilgari Force Recon-da tanlangan operatorlar BUD / S o'qituvchilari tomonidan taqdim etilgan ko'rsatmalar kurslarida qatnashgan va ularning bajarilishi ularning harbiy hujjatlari bilan tasdiqlangan Xizmatlar bo'yicha yozuvlar kitobi (SRB) yoki Ofitserlar malakasini qayd etish (OQR).^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Dengiz piyodalari 3-razvedka batalyoni davomida JumpMaster Personal Inspection (JMPI) amaliyotini o'tkazing Jumpmasterning erkin qulashi bo'yicha harbiy kurstomonidan o'tkazilgan AQSh harbiy bepul qulash maktablari Mobil o'quv guruhi Kadena aviabazasi, qismi Jon F. Kennedining maxsus urush markazi va maktabi.

• Taktik havo nazorati partiyasi - har bir jamoaga bittadan
• AQSh armiyasining qo'riqchilar maktabi - barcha jamoa rahbarlari va undan yuqori
• AQSh armiyasining razvedka va kuzatuv rahbarlari kursi - barcha jamoa rahbarlari va undan yuqori
• AQSh armiyasining patfinder maktabi - barcha jamoa rahbarlari va undan yuqori
• AQSh armiyasining sakrash ustalari maktabi - bir vzvod uchun kamida ikkitasi
• Jumpmasterning erkin qulashi bo'yicha harbiy kurs - bir vzvod uchun kamida ikkitasi
• Tog 'etakchilari (yoz / qish) kursi - har bir jamoaga bittadan
• USMC Skaut snayper Kurs - har bir jamoaga bittadan
• HRST magistrlik kursi - bir vzvod uchun kamida ikkitasi
• Dive Supervisor Course - bitta vzvod uchun kamida ikkitasi
• LAR V texnikasi kursi - bitta vzvod uchun ikkitadan

2-bosqich

MTP ning ikkinchi bosqichi MEU ning PTP davrida ham sodir bo'ladi Dastlabki tayyorgarlik bosqichi.

O'quv kamerasi

Ta'lim hujayrasi (T-Cell) tajribali shaxslar tomonidan tartibga solinadi xodimlar unvonlari FMF Recon kompaniyasining (SNCOs) Amaliyotlar bo'limi (S-3). Bu взвод shtab-kvartirasidan mashg'ulotlarni muvofiqlashtirish mas'uliyatini olib tashlaydi va ularga o'z odamlari bilan mashg'ulot o'tkazishga imkon beradi (shunchaki mashg'ulotni nazorat qilish o'rniga).

"Jismoniy mashqlar bilan shug'ullaning, jang qilganday mashq qiling! "- noma'lum tomonidan keltirilgan.^[6]

T-Cell uchun qo'shimcha va unchalik muhim bo'lmagan afzallik shundaki, u kelajakdagi vzvod serjantlari uchun o'quv maydonchasi vazifasini bajaradi. T-Cell-ga tayinlanganlarning barchasi yuqori malakali va tajribali operatorlardir. Ba'zilar vzvod serjanti sifatida xizmatga kirishgan, ba'zilari esa yo'q. T-Cell-dagi tajribali FORECON operatorlari mashg'ulotlarning real sharoitlarga mos kelishini ta'minlash uchun treningni kuzatadilar, baholaydilar va yaxshilaydilar.^[6]

• Uzoq masofaga mo'ljallangan kengaytirilgan aloqa to'plami (3 hafta) - Kompaniya bilan aloqa bo'limi tomonidan olib boriladi. Muddat sifatida Chuqur razvedka vzvod boshqa kuchlar oldida yaxshi harakat qiladi. Kuzatuvlar, yong'inga yoki ekstraktsiyaga chaqiriqlar haqida xabar berish uchun barcha a'zolar olib boriladigan murakkab aloqa uskunalari to'g'risida to'liq va to'liq ma'lumotga ega bo'lishlari kerak. Bu qo'lda o'z ichiga oladi Mors kodi va uzoq masofaga yuqori chastota (HF), sun'iy yo'ldosh, ko'p tarmoqli va raqamli aloqa.
• Qurol va taktikalar to'plami (3 hafta) - 5000-8000 ta o'q otishni o'z ichiga oladi M4 karbini bilan jihozlangan Maxsus operatsiyalarning o'ziga xos modifikatsiyasi to'plami va MEU (SOC) avtomati (.45 ACP ). Uchinchi haftada aylanma qanotlarni qo'llab-quvvatlash va transport vositalarining yaqin masofasida tezkor harakatlarda (IA) mashqlarda jonli yong'in va manevr mashqlari o'tkaziladi. Dengiz piyoda askarlari o'z qurollari bilan tanishgach, Simunitions to'plamining "Maxsus effektlar kichik qurollarni belgilash tizimlari" yoki "SESAMS" deb nomlangan harbiylashtirilgan versiyasidan foydalangan holda dala mashqlari, kuch bilan va jonli otish mashqlarini o'tkazmoqdalar. Belgilash kartrijining o'q-dorilarida a sabot va odatda qizil yoki ko'k rangli rangli detarjan yoki bo'yoq bilan o'ralgan kichik, plastik dumaloq.
• Tahdid qurollari bilan tanishish to'plami (1 hafta) - "dushmanlar tomonidan qo'llaniladigan tahdidli qurollarni aniqlash va ishlatish bilan" qurol haqida ma'lumot "ni yakunlaydi. Tahdid Qurollariga hujum, avtomatik va safarbar etilgan qurollar kiradi.
• Majburiy yong'inlar to'plami - Dengizchilarga amaliy bilim beradi sobit va aylanma qanot yaqin havo qo'llab-quvvatlashi va Dengiz qurollari yuzasida yong'in (NGSF) AN / PEQ-1A yordamida Lazer sotib olish belgisi (SOFLAM) maqsadlarini "bo'yash" uchun.

Mercedes-Benz GDT-290 "Vaqtinchalik tezkor transport vositasi" (IFAV) - bu Chenowth FAV cho'l aravachasi va o'zgartirilgan M-151A2 jipini almashtirish).- 2001 yil

• Mobil razvedka to'plami - operatsion va texnik xizmat ko'rsatuvchi qoplamalar M998 HMMWV va Vaqtinchalik tezkor hujum vositasi. FORECON-ning tezkor joylashuvi tezkor safarbarlikni talab qiladi. Amaldagi IFAV avvalgi ikkita FAV-ning o'rnini bosadi M-151A2 va Chenowth FAV 1980 va 1990 yillarda ishlagan.
• Kengaytirilgan havo-paketli paket - Dengiz piyoda askarlarini dushman safiga qo'shish uchun majburiy ravishda qayta tiklash uchun juda muhimdir. Ushbu uch haftalik davrda dengiz piyodalari odatdagidan o'tishadi Past darajadagi statik chiziq (LLSL) belgilariga kiritilgan qo'shimchalar HAHO texnikalar. Odatda bu tungi jangovar uskunalar bilan ketma-ket tungi sakrashlardan iborat, ammo HAHO mashqlari S3 bo'limining Paraloft qismida kompleks yordamida amalga oshiriladi Virtual reallik asoslangan (VR) kompyuter tizimi. VR naushnik moslamasini kiygan holda dengiz piyodalari MC-5 ga o'xshash Paraloft shiftidan osib qo'yilgan Ram Air parashyuti. Ushbu Virtual Reality Parashyut Simulyatsiyasida ko'plab simulyatsiyalar hisobga olingan; dengiz piyodalariga baland balandlikdan sakrab o'tishga va uning to'g'ri joylashishini ko'rish uchun asosiy soyabonni vizual tarzda tekshirishga, nosozliklarni yumshatishga, zaxira parashyutini kesib o'tqazishga, so'ngra ko'rsatma va nazoratni belgisiz ishlatishga imkon beradi. tushish zonasi (DZ).
• Jangovar travma to'plami - Dengiz piyodalari qurbon bo'lishlari mumkin bo'lgan ko'plab real ssenariylarda dengiz piyoda askarlarini tayyorlay oladigan birinchi tibbiy yordam va tibbiy davolanishni o'rganish. Ushbu paket dengiz piyoda askarlari o'zlariga yoki boshqalarga tibbiy yordamni o'zlari yoki atrofdagilarga tibbiy yordamni ko'rsatish uchun bilim berishlari uchun, jangovar yoki jangovar ishlarda qatnashganlaridan qat'i nazar, yaratilgan.
• Amphibious Training Package (2 weeks) – While Marines were introduced to amphibious reconnaissance from the BRC, the T-Cell outlines the Amphibious Training package before they are attached to a MEU(SOC), this package refines their ability to conduct amphibious operations, and conventional and selected maritime special operations capabilities incorporating all their skills for Marines to work as a team. Refreshes long-range nautical navigation, and refines the platoon SOP for conducting gidrografik tadqiqotlar. Launch and recovery is from a variety of naval vessels, including yer usti jangchilari va dengiz osti kemalari. This training takes place at Seal Beach va San-Diego, Kaliforniya on the west coast; va Onslow plyaji, Shimoliy Karolina sharqiy sohilda.
• Combatant Dive Package – Designed for concentrating on the unit's capabilities in the water. They will learn more about the LAR-V qayta tiklanadigan as they have been taught at the USMC Combatant Dive Course. The T-Cell will introduce the Diver-qo'zg'alish moslamasi (DPD) and the "buddy line ", a 15–20-foot (4.6–6.1 m) pipe made from kompozit plastics that every Marine is attached to when diving. This ensures that the team remain close together as the water may be impossible for visuals contact in subsurface swimming.^[18]

Other training packages are available to mold the Marines into a fully functional Recon unit, including long range patrolling in cho'l areas, such as Yigirma xurmo yoki MCAS Yuma, mountainous terrain and other environments relevant in peacetime or conflict. At the end of Phase 2 Training, the platoon is completely stood up in all aspects of the uzoq masofaga razvedka missiya. More importantly, they have spent 6-months of 'platoon-oriented' training together.^[6]

3 bosqich

Special Operations Training Group (SOTG)

This 6-month training phase emphasizing more in the to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakat, or "black operations". It is conducted by the Special Operations Training Group (SOTG). This phase takes place during the MEU's PTP Intermediate Training Phase. These courses involves both aspects of maritime and urbanized environments and how to apply yaqin atrofdagi jang and science in demolition, gas/oil platform (GOPLAT) training, cordon and search, Tashrif, tashrif, qidirish va olib qo'yish (VBSS), shipboard assaults training and humanitarian operations.^[19] The recon operators get the chance to train in unfamiliar urban areas and maritime structures.^[6]

4-bosqich

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Resurs manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. (2012 yil fevral) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Bir marta SOC Certification Final Training Phase is finished, the MEU with the detached Force Recon platoon as a functional special operations qobiliyatli kuch. Then they sail on a six-month deployment. This long deployment is known as the 'Deployment Phases' to Force Recon, they sail from either three locations, off the east or west coast, or Okinava. The Men MEF on the west would deploy its Dengiz ekspeditsiya bo'linmalari (MEUs) to the g'arbiy Tinch okeani va II MEF 's MEUs on the east coast sails across the Atlantika okeani ikkalasiga ham O'rtayer dengizi yoki Fors ko'rfazi. The III MEF "s 31st MEU in Okinawa is to be used as a contingency for reinforced support of an area spanning from southwest Asia uchun markaziy Tinch okeani. The III MEF is the only MEF of the FMF that is permanently fully deployed at all times.

Whether garrisoned on land or aboard ship, along with their naval counterpart, training is constant while at sea. These Marines are firing a modified Springfield .45 ACP, the MEU (SOC) avtomati.

While Force Recon is afloat, they still remain focused on their self-disciplined training sessions. They conduct small arms live fire training on the deck of the ships and physical fitness training. In many cases, foreign maritime forces alike participate in joint exercises or training maneuvers, such as the Tailand qirollik dengiz piyoda korpusi, Inglizlar Qirol dengiz piyodalari va Avstraliya kuchlari. But while they may be training, the MEU are capable of projecting fully forward deployed operational task forces. Thus, epitomizing the infamous Marine Corps slogan, "force-in-readiness".

5-bosqich

The last phase is the post-deployment phase. After 18-months of training and deployment, the platoon is granted 30-days of military qoldiring. Once a Force Recon operator has finished deployment, they have a decision to make. What makes Force Recon unique from Division Recon va boshqasi SOFs, is the career style that is being placed in the Force Recon company structure. They can choose to stay with the Force Recon Company and continue their assignment with the MEU, recycling its loop cycle; or they can get release from the FORECON company and go back to their original assignment, whether administration, motor transport, or infantry. However, on average, approximately 50% of the platoon will leave, their time in Force having expired.^[6]

Uskunalar

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Resurs manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. (2012 yil fevral) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

The primary weapons used by both Division and FMF Recon assets are typically the same standard-issued weapons in the arsenal of the Marine Corps. However, since Force Recon's missions are directly involved in parachuting and underwater insertions, they demand weapons and equipment that are essential to their job. Their equipment reflects on which ever tasks that have been assigned by the MAGTF, MEF, or MEU commander; either direct action (black) or deep recon (green) operations.

Table of Equipment (T/E)

Some equipment only fits the needs for one particular mission over another. There is however some equipment that is used for both black and green operations, and these pieces of gear are usually combat vests, flak and armor jackets (or systems), and harnesses for use in hasty extraction measures.

Particularly during green operations, these missions normally encompass surveillance and reconnaissance. The equipment items carried into the field are usually cameras, scopes, and most importantly communications. Two recon Marines serve as radiomen in the team. Each team/platoon often brings two field radios that are able to withstand the elements of seawater, and rugged patrolling as they tread inland—if one radio fails, they resort to the supplemental radio. This is to ensure that vital information can always be sent to the commander, and to the S-3/S-6 shop, or similar intelligence collection agencies. More common in today's infrastructure, much of the intelligence-gathered information is sent to and processed by the Marine Expeditionary Force's "Surveillance, Reconnaissance, and Intelligence Group" (SRIG).

For black operations, the Marines carry weapons that are more of the close-quarter combative use; grenades, carbine rifles, sub-machine guns (SMGs), and any tool to use for breaching barricades and doors. They can be equipped with laser designating devices to "paint" their targets with laser-guiding coordinates to deliver payload to un-expecting targets. Since they are "bringing the fight to the enemy", they do not rely on camouflage as stealthy action is not a factor in these situations.

Amphibious equipment - Jet fins, low-volume mask and snorkel

Maxsus uskunalar

A six-man tayoq of team operators from 1st Force Recon perform a 'high-altitude, low-opening' (HALO) parachute insertion jump at ≈22,000–30,000 ft. above sea-level. -circa 2004

Throughout training and real life operations, jet fins, snorkels and low-volume double lens dive masks are used. ^[20] In addition to the SCUBA equipment used in amphibious mission-essential tasks, Force Recon maintains and operates parachutes. This is the main difference and separation from Division Reconnaissance—all FORECON operators are required to be parachutists. The parachutist equipment is stored in the Force Reconnaissance's Parachute Loft.

Parachute pack systems

The parachute is one of the trademarks of Force Recon, throughout its existence the operators have extensively used a wide variety of parachutes. In the mid-1950s, they used the T-10, then later adopting the Capewell canopy release which provided a cut-away to reduce the deadly effect of drag. The T-10 became the most frequented parachute; which had two variants, one for low-level static line (LLSL) and the other for military free fall (MFF) descends. They had numerous parachutes listed under the Table of Equipment (T/E) that had been contained in the Paraloft. Even in its formative days in the Dengiz kuchlari korpusining sinov bo'limi №1, the operators and testers of the Naval Parachute Unit (NPU) at El Centro had tested and sported numerous parachutes, adding modifications and suggestions that soon were adopted by other parachutists. By the 1990s, the MC-4 and MC-5 ram air parachutes became the feasible choice, as it allows more detailed and accurate landing in smaller areas, easy to control—especially during oscillation of the canopy. Plus, it was formed to modulate between the LLSL and MFF without having to consort to a different pack.

These are parachutes that are still contained in the T/E of the Parachute Loft, however some may not be currently in use:

• T-10
• MC1-B
• MC-series ram air parachutes (MC-4, MC-5)
  • Canopies (Main & Reserve): Surface area 370 square feet (34 m²)
  • Altitude range: 3,000 feet (910 m) AG> to 30,000 feet (9,100 m) ft MSL
  • Forward speed: 15–25 MPH
  • Rate of descent: 4–18 ft/sec
  • Maximum Load: 700 pounds (320 kg)
• Multi-Mission Parachute System (MMPS) [currently being implemented—replacing the older MC-5]

Parachutist Individual Equipment Kit

The Parachutist Individual Equipment Kit (PIEK) contains all the Force Recon's parachutist clothing and equipment assigned by Force Recon's Paraloft. They are used for the high-altitude MFFs (HAHO or HALO) and LLSL parachute operations. Due to extreme cold encountered during high altitude parachute operations, the parachutist must have protection from the environment.

• Gore-Teks Kombinezon
• Polartec Jumpsuit Liner
• Paxta Ripstop Kombinezon
• Flyer's Gloves
• Gore-Tex Cold-weather Gloves
• Overboots
• MA2-30 Altimetr
• Shlem
• Flyer's Helmet Bag
• Flyer's Kitbag—used to carry operator's rucksack, ammunition, communications, etc.

Single Action Release Personal Equipment Lowering Equipment (SARPELS)

The Force Recon operators are equipped with a complete equipment lowering system for both LLSL and MFF parachute operations. It allows them carry various configurations of all their individual mission-essential equipment, usually contained within their Flyer's Kitbag. The Single Action Release Personal Equipment Lowering Equipment (SARPELS) provides easy access to their weapons and equipment upon parachute landing and has a single-action release capability. It can be front or rear mounted, whichever is preferred. Once they have descended to about 100 feet (30 m) above the surface, they use the SARPEL to release their gear (weapons/kitbag), dropping it below them while still attached to their harness by a 25-foot (7.6 m) rope. It is used to minimize injuries in landing due to heavy load of equipment. The parachutists must maneuver themselves in order not to drop onto their gear during parachute landing falls.

• SARPELS Cargo Carrier
• Horizontal & Vertical Cargo Carrier Securing Straps
• Single Action Release Handle
• MFF Equipment Attaching Strap
• 15-foot (4.6 m) LLSL Lowering Line
• 8-foot (2.4 m) MFF Lowering Line

Annual Warrior Competition

The 24-MEU 2-razvedka kompaniyasi 2010 yil g'olib bo'ldi Annual Warrior Competition against tactical units from all over the world.^[21][22]

Creed

RMen bu mening tanlovim va faqat razvedkachi dengiz piyoda bo'lishni tanlashim, men ushbu kasb bilan bog'liq barcha qiyinchiliklarni qabul qilaman. Men o'zimdan oldin o'tganlarning ulkan obro'sini saqlab qolish uchun doimo harakat qilaman.

EBoshqalar tomonidan belgilangan cheklovlardan tashqariga chiqish mening maqsadim bo'ladi. Shaxsiy qulayliklarimni qurbon qilish va o'zimni razvedka vazifasini bajarishga bag'ishlash mening hayotim bo'ladi. Jismoniy tayyorlik, aqliy munosabat va yuqori axloq - Recon Marine unvoni - bu mening sharafim.

Char qanday katta va kichik to'siqlarni engib chiqsam, men hech qachon tashlamayman. Chekish, taslim bo'lish, taslim bo'lish - bu muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraydi. Recon Marine bo'lish - bu muvaffaqiyatsizlikni engib o'tish; Vazifani engib o'tish, moslashish va vazifani bajarish uchun zarur bo'lgan hamma narsani qilish.

ON jang maydonida, hayotning barcha sohalarida bo'lgani kabi, men ham raqobatdan ustun turaman. Professional mag'rurlik, halollik va jamoaviy ish orqali men barcha dengiz piyoda askarlariga taqlid qilish uchun o'rnak bo'laman.

NRecon Marine bo'lishga qabul qilgan tamoyillarni hech qachon unutmayman. Hurmat, qat'iyat, ruh va qalb. Recon Marine bir so'z aytmasdan gapira oladi va boshqalar tasavvur qiladigan narsalarga erishadi.

Swift, Silent, Deadly.

Force Recon in media

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Resurs manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. (Noyabr 2018) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Kitoblar

• The Marvel comic book character, Jazo beruvchi (aka Frank Castle) was a Vietnam era Force Recon Marine. The 2010s reboot of the character gave him a similar background, updated to the Global War on Terror.
• The Marvel comic book character, Oy ritsari (aka Marc Spector) was a Force Recon Marine, CIA operative, and mercenary.
• The Image comic book character, Yumurtlama (komikslar), Lt. Colonel Albert Francis "Al" Simmons was a Force Recon Marine, Secret Service Agent, and CIA assassin.
• Metyu Reyli 1998 yilgi roman Muz stantsiyasi (and its sequels) are based around the exploits of Force Recon Captain Sheyn Schofield and his team of marines.
• In Cut & Run series by Abigail Roux, FBI Agent Tyler Grady, Detective Nicholas O'Flaherty, Owen Johns and Duruand 'Digger' Garrigou are former Force Recon Marines of team 'Sidewinder'.^[23]
• The Force Recon series of books by James V. Smith follows a quartet of Force Recon Marines known as Team Midnight.^[24]
• The Force 5 Recon series of books by Peter Telep, using the pseudonym P.W. Bo'ron,^[25] follows a team of Force Recon Marines on missions in Pakistan,^[26] North Korea and the Philippines.
• According to his character bio, Jeyson Born, ning Born series of books by author Robert Lyudlum, was a Force Recon Marine Captain.
• The Caribbean Adventure series of novels by Wayne Stinnett feature the recurring main character, Jesse McDermitt, a retired Force Recon Gunnery Sergeant turned Homeland Security contractor.

Televizion ko'rsatuvlar

• Shooter: Rayan Filipp tasvirlaydi Bob Lee Swagger, a Force Recon Marine and MARSOC Fuqarolik jamiyati Skaut snayper,^[27]
• Vatan: Damian Lyuis tasvirlaydi Nikolas Brodi, a Force Recon Marine Scout Sniper taken prisoner during the Iroq urushi
• Koloniya: Tori Kittles tasvirlaydi Eric Broussard, a former Marine Force Recon / Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi Assassin / private military contractor now a Resistance operative.
• Maks Martini portrays Force Recon Marine Captain "RIP", in Qiziqarli shaxs (teleseriallar)
• Lyuk Keyj, portrayed by Mike Colter in the Netflix series Lyuk Keyj, o'rnatilgan Marvel kinematik olami, is a former Force Recon Marine.
• Jazo beruvchi aka Frank Castle, portrayed by Jon Bernthal, birinchi bo'lib kiritilgan Daredevil and then starring in his own series Jazo beruvchi a 2017 live-action Netflix series set in the Marvel kinematik olami^[28] is a former Marine Force Recon Lieutenant who becomes a vigilante to avenge his murdered family. Ben Barns portrays Billy Russo, Castle's best friend who served alongside him in Force Recon as a Scout Sniper and who, after leaving the military, started his own private military contractor company, Anvil.^[29]

Film

• Val Kilmer portrayed Force Recon Marine Robert Scott in the film Sparta.
• Robert Bleyk yilda Electra Moviy rangda siljiydi (1973), portrays a Vetnam davri Veteran Force Recon Marine who is a highway patrol motorcycle cop striving to become a detective.
• Jean-Claude Van Damme plays a former Force Recon Marine, Chance Boudreaux, in the action movie, Qattiq maqsad (1993).
• Recon Marines are portrayed in the 1995 film O'lik prezidentlar, as disenchanted vets who stage an armored car robbery.
• Tom Berenger played as Force Recon Marine Skaut snayper Usta o'qotar serjant Thomas Beckett and Chad Michael Collins plays as Force Recon Skaut snayper Qurol-yarog 'serjanti Brandon Beckett in the Mergan filmlar seriyasi.
• 1996 yilda filmda Qoya, a group of rogue Force Recon Marines, led by disenchanted Brigada generali Francis Xavier Hummel, played by Ed Xarris, seize control of Alkatraz oroli during a guided tour and take 81 tourists hostage in the prison cells. Hummel threatens to launch 15 stolen M55 rockets against the population of San Francisco unless the government pays ransom and reparations to the families of 83 FORECON Marines who died on illegal, clandestine missions under his command and whose deaths were not honored.
• Uesli Snipes portrayed Mark Sheridan, a former trained operative and a veteran Majburiy razvedka Marine in the AQSh marshallari.
• Denzel Washington plays former Force Recon platoon commander and CIA Officer, John Creasy, in the suspense/action movie, Yong'inda bo'lgan odam (2004).
• Mark Uolberg portrayed former Force Recon Scout Sniper, Bob Lee Swagger, in the film Shooter.^[30]
• Rey Stivenson o'ynaydi Jazo beruvchi, a former Force Recon Marine-turned-vigilante, in Jazo beruvchi: Urush zonasi (2008); in preparation for his role, the actor received military and weapons training by former Force Recon Marines, months prior to filming.^[31]
• Klint Istvud played a Force Recon Gunnery Sergeant assigned to lead a platoon of Marines from the 2-razvedka batalyoni during the invasion of Grenada in the film Heartbreak tizmasi.
• Maykl Jay Oq portrayed Force Recon Marine Colonel Albert Francis "Al" Simmons in the film Urug'lantirish.
• Filmda SWAT, Samuel L. Jekson portrays Sergeant Daniel "Hondo" Harrelson, a former Force Recon Marine and LAPD SWAT Team Leader.
• Mark Uolberg portrayed a Force Recon Gunnery Sergeant turned CIA Officer in the movie Milya 22.

Video O'yinlar

• Sergeant Paul Jackson from Call of Duty 4: Zamonaviy urush is a Force Recon operator, one of the two factions and four characters played as in the game. Force Recon is also a playable faction in the online multiplayer.
• Krizis 2 features a Force Recon Marine named Alcatraz as the main protagonist. Several other Force Recon Marines appear as supporting characters during several of the game's missions.
• A 5-man Force Recon team call-sign "Razor" is the main protagonist of game ARMA 2.
• In PlayStation 2 survival-horror game, Yo'q qilish, you play Sergeant Dennis Riley, a member of Force Recon.
• Alex Mason, the main protagonist of Burch tuyg'usi - taqiqlangan operatsiyalar, was a former Captain in Force Recon before being recruited by the CIA. Supporting NPC Frank Woods was also a Master Sergeant in Force Recon before joining the CIA.
• The main protagonist of the alternate history first-person shooter Yagonalik, Nathaniel Renko, is a Force Recon Captain.
• Yilda Resident Evil Zero Billy Coen was a 2nd Lieutenant in the Marine Force Recon. He was dishonorably discharged after he was framed for the murder of innocent civilians.

Shuningdek qarang

• Marine Corps Special Operations Capable Forces
• MARSOC – Marine Special Operations Command
• Semper fidelis
• Maxsus faoliyat bo'limi

Izohlar

Adabiyotlar

Ushbu maqola o'z ichiga oladijamoat mulki materiallari veb-saytlaridan yoki hujjatlaridan Qo'shma Shtatlar dengiz piyoda korpusi.

• Field Manual (FM) 7-92, The Infantry Reconnaissance Platoon and Squad (Airborne, Air Assault, Light Infantry) [1]
• Marine Administrative Message (MARADMIN) 417/07, Reconnaissance Marine Lateral Move Policy and Procedures [2]
• Marine Corps Order (MCO) 1510.125, Individual Training Standards (ITS) Systems for Marine Combat Water Survival Training (MCWST) [3]
• MCO 1543.12, Material Fielding Plan for the Combat Rubber Reconnaissance Craft (CRRC) [4]
• MCO 3500.20B, Marine Corps Parachuting and Diving Policy and Program Administration [5]
• MCO 3500.42A, Marine Corps Helicopter Rope Suspension Techniques (HRST) Policy and Program Administration [6]
• MCO 3502.2A, Marine Expeditionary Units (Special Operations Capable) (MEU(SOC)) Special Skills Certification Program [7]
• MCO 3502.3A, Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) Predeployment Training Program (PTP) [8]
• Marine Corps Reference Publication (MCRP) 2-1C, Marine Air Ground Task Force Intelligence Dissemination [9]
• MCRP 5-12DC, Qo'shma Shtatlar dengiz piyoda korpusi tashkiloti [10]
• Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) 2-1, Razvedka operatsiyalari [11]
• MCWP 2-15.1, Remote Sensor Operations [12]
• NAVMC 3500.55B, Reconnaissance (Recon) Training and Readiness (T&R) Manual
• Operational Requirements Document (ORD) for an Underwater Reconnaissance Capability (URC)[13]

Tashqi havolalar

• AQSh dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari
• Force Recon Association
• SpecialOperations.com Marine Recon Page
• Recon Marines
• Global Security USMC Unit Listings
• SpecWarNet: USMC Recon Battalions