Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining dengiz kuchlari SEALlari - United States Navy SEALs
The Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz floti, havo va quruqlik (Muhr) Jamoalar, odatda sifatida tanilgan Dengiz muhrlari, AQSh dengiz kuchlari birlamchi maxsus operatsiyalar kuchlari va ning tarkibiy qismi Dengiz maxsus urush qo'mondonligi. SEALsning asosiy funktsiyalari qatoriga dengiz, o'rmon, shahar, arktika, tog'li va cho'l muhitida kichik qismli maxsus operatsiyalarni bajarish kiradi. SEAL-larga odatda yuqori darajadagi maqsadlarni qo'lga kiritish yoki yo'q qilish yoki dushman orqasida razvedka ma'lumotlarini yig'ish buyuriladi.[6]
Barcha faol SEALlar erkaklar va AQSh dengiz kuchlari a'zolari.[6][7][8][9][Izoh 1] The Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi juda maxfiy va elita Maxsus operatsiyalar guruhi (SOG) SEAL Teams-dan operatorlarni jalb qiladi,[11] ga qaytadigan qo'shma operatsiyalar bilan MACV-SOG davomida Vetnam urushi.[12] Ushbu hamkorlik bugungi kunda ham mavjud, buni isbotlash mumkin harbiy harakatlar yilda Iroq va Afg'oniston.[13][14]
Tarix
Kelib chiqishi
1962 yilgacha rasmiy ravishda tashkil etilmagan bo'lsa ham, zamonaviy AQSh dengiz flotlari o'zlarining ildizlarini izlaydi Ikkinchi jahon urushi.[6] Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Harbiylari bunga ehtiyoj borligini tan oldi yashirin razvedka ning qo'nish plyajlari va qirg'oq mudofaasi. Natijada qo'shma armiya, dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari va dengiz floti Amfibik skaut va reyder Maktab 1942 yilda tashkil etilgan Fort-Pirs, Florida.[9] Skautlar va reyderlar o'sha yilning sentyabr oyida, atigi to'qqiz oydan keyin tuzilgan Perl-Harborga hujum, dan Kuzatuvchilar guruhi, AQSh armiyasi-dengiz-dengiz flotining qo'shma bo'limi.
Skautlar va reyderlar
Sohil razvedka kuchlari zarurligini anglab etib, armiya va dengiz flotining tanlangan guruhi yig'ilgan Amfibiya o'quv bazasi (ATB) Little Creek, 1942 yil 15-avgustda Virjiniya shtatida amfibiya skautlari va reyderlari (qo'shma) mashg'ulotlari boshlandi. Skautlar va reydchilarning vazifasi ob'ektiv plyajni aniqlash va kashf qilish, qo'nish oldidan belgilangan plyajda o'z pozitsiyasini saqlab qolish va hujum to'lqinlarini qo'nish sohiliga olib borish edi.[6] Ushbu bo'linmani qo'mondon sifatida AQSh armiyasining 1-leytenanti Lloyd Peddikord va ijrochi ofitser sifatida dengiz flotining pavilyoni Jon Bell boshqargan. Dengiz flotining bosh ofitserlari va dengizchilari ATBdagi qayiq basseynidan, Solomons, Merilend va Army Raider shaxsiy tarkibi 3-chi va 9-piyoda bo'linmalari. Keyingi noyabrda Shimoliy Afrika kampaniyasiga kirishguncha ular Little Creek-da mashq qildilar. Mash'al operatsiyasi 1942 yil noyabrda Shimoliy Afrikadagi Frantsiya Marokashining Atlantika qirg'og'ida boshlangan.[15]
Birinchi guruhga kiritilgan Fil X.Baklyu, "Dengiz maxsus urushining otasi", uning nomi bilan Dengiz maxsus havo kuchlari urush markazi | Dengiz maxsus urush markazi binosi nomi berilgan. 1942 yil oktyabrda foydalanishga topshirilgan ushbu guruh 1942 yil noyabr oyida jangovar harakatlarni ko'rdi Mash'al operatsiyasi Shimoliy Afrika qirg'og'ida. Skautlar va reyderlar ham qo'nishni qo'llab-quvvatladilar Sitsiliya, Salerno, Anzio, Normandiya va janubiy Frantsiya.[16]
Ikkinchi guruh skautlar va reyderlar, kod nomi bilan atalgan 1-sonli maxsus xizmat ko'rsatish bo'limi, 1943 yil 7-iyulda, qo'shma va sifatida tashkil etilgan estrodiol operatsiyalar kuch. Birinchi topshiriq, 1943 yil sentyabrda, bo'lgan Finshxafen yilda Papua-Yangi Gvineya. Keyinchalik operatsiyalar Gasmata, Arave, Glouzester burni va sharqiy va janubiy sohillari Yangi Britaniya, barchasi xodimlarni yo'qotishsiz. Operatsion masalalar bo'yicha ziddiyatlar yuzaga keldi va dengiz kuchlari bo'lmagan barcha xodimlar qayta tayinlandi. 7-amfibiya skautlari deb nomlangan bu bo'linma hujum kemalari, suv o'tkazgich kanallari bilan qirg'oqqa chiqish, kelayotgan kemalar uchun markerlar o'rnatish, qurbonlar bilan ishlash, offshor ovozlarini olish, plyajdagi to'siqlarni tozalash va qo'shinlarni qirg'oqqa bog'laydigan ovozli aloqani saqlash uchun yangi topshiriq oldi. , keladigan qayiqlar va yaqin atrofdagi kemalar. 7-amfibiya skautlari Tinch okeanida to'qnashuvlar davomida 40 dan ortiq qo'nish jarayonida operatsiyalar o'tkazdilar.[6]
Uchinchi va so'nggi skautlar va reyderlar tashkiloti Xitoyda faoliyat yuritgan. Bilan jang qilish uchun skautlar va reyderlar joylashtirildi Xitoy-Amerika kooperativ tashkiloti (SACO). SACO ishini kuchaytirishga yordam berish uchun, Admiral Ernest J. King skautlar va reyderlar maktabida 120 ta zobit va 900 kishini "Amfibiya bosqinchisi" ga tayyorlashni buyurdi Fort-Pirs, Florida. Ular "kichik qirg'oq suvlari, ko'llar va daryolardan ishlaydigan amerikaliklar va xitoyliklarning partizan amfibiya tashkiloti" deb taxmin qilingan narsaning asosiy qismini tashkil etdi. Aksariyat Amphibious Raider kuchlari qolganida Nok lageri Kalkuttada guruhlarning uchtasi faol xizmatni ko'rishdi. Ular yuqori qismida so'rov o'tkazdilar Yangtsi daryosi 1945 yil bahorida va niqoblanib koullar, dan Xitoy qirg'og'ida uch oylik batafsil tadqiqot o'tkazdi Shanxay ga Kitchioh Wan, yaqin Gonkong.[6]
1942 yil sentyabr oyida ATBga dengiz flotini qutqaruvchi 17 nafar xodim etib kelishdi Little Creek, Virjiniya vayron qilish, portlovchi kabelni kesish va komando reyd texnikasi bo'yicha bir haftalik kurs uchun. 1942 yil 10-noyabrda birinchi jangovar vayronagarchilik paytida Vadi Sebou daryosi bo'ylab kabel va to'r to'siqlari muvaffaqiyatli kesib tashlandi Mash'al operatsiyasi Shimoliy Afrikada. Bu yoqilgan USSDallas (DD-199) suvni bosib o'tish uchun AQSh Rangers Port Lyautey aerodromini qo'lga kiritgan.
1943 yil may oyining boshlarida ikki bosqichli "Dengizlarni yo'q qilish loyihasi" Dengiz operatsiyalari boshlig'i "dolzarb va dolzarb talablarga javob berish". Birinchi bosqich Merilend shtatidagi ATB Solomons-da 1-sonli dengizni buzish operativ bo'linmasi tashkil etilishidan boshlandi. Olti zobit va o'n sakkiz kishi harbiy xizmatdan xabar berishdi. Dengiz NTC Labi lageri dinamitatsiya va buzish maktabi, to'rt haftalik kurs uchun. Leytenant Fred Uayz MSK boshchiligidagi dengiz qirg'oqlari darhol Sitsiliya istilosida qatnashish uchun yuborilgan.[18] O'sha paytda komandir leytenant Draper L. Kauffman, "Harbiy dengizni buzish uchun otasi", Harbiy-dengiz qirg'inlari uchun maktab tashkil etish va butun Loyihani boshqarish uchun tanlangan. Dastlabki oltita sinf NTC Camp Peary "E maydoni" ni tugatdi.[19] LCDR Kauffmanning ehtiyojlari "E maydoni" ni tezda ko'paytirdi va 1943 yil 6-iyunda Fort-Pirsda NCDU o'qitilishini tashkil etdi. Kauffmanning ko'ngillilarining aksariyati dengiz flotidan kelgan Qurilish muhandislari korpusi (MSK) va ro'yxatga olingan dengiz dengizchilari. O'quv mashg'ulotlari kam natijalarga erishgan nomzodlarni filtrlash uchun mo'ljallangan mashaqqatli hafta bilan boshlandi.
1944 yil aprelga qadar Angliyaga tayyorgarlik ko'rish uchun jami 34 NCDU yuborildi Overlord operatsiyasi, amfibiya qo'nish Normandiya. 1944 yil 6-iyun kuni kuchli olov ostida NCDUlar Omaha plyaji Germaniya mudofaasidagi sakkizta to'liq bo'shliqni va ikkita qisman bo'shliqni zarba berishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. NCDUlar 31 nafar o'ldirilgan va 60 kishi yaralangan, bu esa 52% ni tashkil qiladi. Ayni paytda, NCDUlar Yuta plyaji kamroq kuchli dushman olovini uchratdi. Ikki soat ichida ular 700 yard (640 metr) plyajni, tushdan keyin yana 900 yardni (820 metr) tozalashdi. Yuta plyajidagi talofatlar sezilarli darajada engil bo'lib, olti kishi halok bo'ldi va o'n bir kishi yarador bo'ldi. Overlord operatsiyasi paytida portlovchi moddalar bilan noto'g'ri muomalada bo'lganligi sababli bironta buzuvchi halok bo'lmadi. 1944 yil avgust oyida Yuta plyajidan to'rtta NCDU va yana to'qqiz kishi qo'nish paytida ishtirok etishdi Dragoon operatsiyasi Frantsiyaning janubida. Bu amfibiyadagi so'nggi operatsiya edi Evropa operatsiyalar teatri. Evropani bostirib kirgan Admiral Tyorner Fort-Pirsdan mavjud bo'lgan barcha NCDUlarni rekvizitsiya qildi Suv ostida halokat guruhlari (UDT) Tinch okeani uchun.
O'ttizta NCDU[20] Normandiyadan oldin Tinch okeaniga yuborilgan edi. 1-10 NCDUlar sahnalashtirildi Florida oroli ichida Solomon orollari (arxipelag) 1944 yil yanvar oyi davomida.[21] NCDU 1 qisqa vaqt ichida Aleutlar 1943 yilda.[22] 4 va 5-NCDUlar jangovarlikni birinchi bo'lib ko'rganlar 4-dengiz piyodalari da Yashil orol va Emirau oroli.[22] Bir nechtasi vaqtincha UDTlarga biriktirilgan.[21] Keyinchalik 1-10 NCDUlar birlashtirilib, qodir bo'lgan suv osti halokat guruhini tuzdilar.[21] Oltita NCDU: 2,3, 19, 20, 21 va 24 ettinchi amfibiya kuchlari bilan xizmat qilgan va urush oxirida qolgan yagona NCDU bo'lgan. The Dengiz maxsus urush qo'mondonligi bino LTJG Frank Keyn Markaziy saylov komissiyasining NCDU 2 komandiri uchun nomlangan.
OSS dengiz bo'limi
Ularning birodarlariga o'xshaydi AQSh armiyasining maxsus kuchlari (aka Green Berets), Navy SEALs nasabga da'vo qilmoqda Strategik xizmatlar idorasi (OSS). OSS harbiylashtirilgan tashkilot edi, shuningdek, Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining ajdodi edi.[23] 1952 yilda OSSning sobiq a'zolari tomonidan tashkil etilgan armiya maxsus kuchlari birinchi harbiy maxsus operatsiyalarni tashkil etishdi jangovar dayver 1962 yilda muhrlar yaratilishidan o'n yil oldin.[24] Yashil beretlar va SEALlarning Ikkinchi Jahon urushi davrlaridan ba'zilari OSS operatsion suzuvchilari bo'lgan.
OSS maxsus operatsiyalarni amalga oshirdi, uyushgan partizan urushida qatnashish uchun, shuningdek dushman resurslari va qo'shinlarning harakati kabi ma'lumotlar to'plash uchun tezkor xodimlarni dushman saflari orqasiga tashladi.[25] Qirollik flotining Buyuk Britaniyaning birlashgan operatsiyalari faxriysi LCDR Vuli 1943 yil iyun oyida OSS dengiz bo'limi (MU) boshlig'iga tayinlangan. Ularning mashg'ulotlari 1943 yil noyabrda Kaliforniya shtatidagi Kemp-Pendlton shahrida boshlangan va 1944 yil yanvar oyida Kaliforniyaning Santa-Katalina oroliga ko'chib o'tgan. va 1944 yil mart oyida Bagama orollarining iliq suvlariga ko'chib o'tishdi. AQSh harbiylari tarkibida ular moslashuvchan kashshoflik qildilar suzuvchilar va sho'ng'in maskalari, yopiq o'chirish sho'ng'in uskunalari (doktor rahbarligida Xristian J. Lambertsen ),[25][26] Swimmer Delivery Vehicles (suv osti suvlarining bir turi) dan foydalanish, suzish va limpetik minalar hujumlariga qarshi kurash.[14]
OSS MU ning vazifasi "agentlarga kirib borish va qarshilik guruhlarini dengiz orqali etkazib berish, dengiz sabotajini o'tkazish, dengiz sathidagi va er osti ixtisoslashgan uskunalari va qurilmalarini ishlab chiqish" edi. MU bir nechta teatrlarda ishlagan. O'rta Yer dengizida yollangan yunon yog'ochdan yasalgan baliq ovlash kemalari parki - bu "caiques" - Albaniya, Gretsiya va Yugoslaviyadagi OSS agentlarini yashirincha qo'llab-quvvatladi. Italiya taslim bo'lganidan keyin MU va San-Marko batalyoni, elit Italiya maxsus operatsiyalari dengiz kuchlari bo'limi nemislarga qarshi harakat qildi. Uzoq Sharqda MU Birmaning Arakan sohilidagi yapon kuchlariga hujum qilish uchun Operatsion guruh bilan birgalikda ish olib bordi. Ular birgalikda Yaponiya nazorati ostidagi sohilda razvedka topshiriqlarini bajarib, ba'zan dushman nazorati ostidagi daryolardan bir necha mil nariga o'tib ketishdi.[27]
MU bir nechta innovatsion qurilmalarni ishlab chiqardi yoki ishlatdi, keyinchalik bu maxsus operatsiyalarni jangovar-sho'ng'in qobiliyatini yaratishga imkon beradi, avval armiya maxsus kuchlarida (Yashil beretlar) va keyinchalik AQSh dengiz kuchlari SEAL birliklarida. Balki sho'ng'in maxsus operatsiyalar sohasidagi eng muhim ixtiro bo'lishi mumkin Lambertsenni nafas olish apparati (LARU) tomonidan ixtiro qilingan Doktor Kristian J. Lambertsen. Lambertsen bo'limi suzuvchiga bir necha soat suv ostida qolishga va LARU aytadigan havo pufakchalarini chiqarmaganligi sababli aniqlanmagan nishonlarga yaqinlashishga ruxsat berdi. Keyinchalik LARU takomillashtirildi, moslashtirildi va texnologiya AQSh armiyasi, AQSh dengiz kuchlari va NASA tomonidan qo'llanildi. Florida shtatidagi Key-Uestdagi armiya maxsus kuchlari suv osti operatsiyalari maktabi, maxsus kuchlarning dengiz operatsiyalari uyi, dengiz bo'linmasidan kelib chiqadi.[27]
Lambertsen OSS bilan aloqasini tibbiyot talabasi sifatida 1942 yilda maxfiy tashkilotga o'z texnologiyalaridan foydalanishni taklif qildi. 1944 yilda u armiya ofitseri lavozimiga tayinlandi va keyinchalik operatsion suzuvchi sifatida OSSga qo'shildi. Lambertsenning o'zi OSS Dengizchilik bo'linmasini suv osti maxfiy topshiriqlarida Yaponiya kemalariga portlovchi moddalarni biriktirish uchun boshqargan.[28] Doktor Kristian Lambersten bugun "Harbiy suv osti operatsiyalarining otasi" sifatida esga olinadi. U OSS Dengizchilik bo'linmasining barcha a'zolari bilan bir qatorda faxriy Yashil beretlarga sazovor bo'ldi va UDT Navy Seal Assotsiatsiyasi kabi tashkilotlar tomonidan qahramonlik va tanqidiy faoliyati uchun tan olindi.[29]
1944 yil may oyida polkovnik "Yovvoyi Bill" Donovan, OSS rahbari, Dengiz bo'linmasini to'rt guruhga ajratdi va yaqinlashdi Umumiy Makartur va Admiral Nimitz Tinch okeanida OSS erkaklaridan foydalanish to'g'risida[30] General Makarturga umuman qiziqish yo'q edi.[30] Adm Nimitz Donovanning bo'linmalar ro'yxatiga qaradi va shuningdek, UDTlarni kengaytirish uchun Dengiz bo'linmasidan suzuvchilarni ishlatishi mumkin bo'lganidan tashqari, rahmat aytmadi.[30] U, avvalambor, ularning harbiy tayyorgarligi emas, balki suzuvchilar ekanligi bilan qiziqdi. Ning taktik qo'llanmalariga qiziqish OSS Operatsion Swimmers O'qitish faqat keyinroq ishlab chiqilgan, ammo A guruhining aksariyat jihozlari UDT ishiga taalluqli bo'lmaganligi sababli omborga joylashtirilgan.[31] OSS Tinch okeanidagi operatsiyalarda juda cheklangan edi. Admin.Nimitz besh nafar zobit va 24 nafar harbiy xizmatga o'tishni ma'qulladi Dengiz bo'limi operatsion suzuvchilar guruhi A leytenant Choate boshchiligida.[30][31] Ular 1944 yil iyulda UDT 10 tarkibiga kirdilar. Choy leytenant UDT 10 ning qo'mondoni bo'ladi. MU guruhining qolgan qismi UDT 10 ning ko'pgina boshqaruv idoralarini va ko'plab suzuvchilarni to'ldirar edi.[31] OSS-da o'qitilgan besh kishi UDT dengiz osti kemasining birinchi operatsiyasida qatnashdi USSBurrfish ichida Karolin orollari 1944 yil avgustda. Uch kishidan qazib olish uchun uchrashuv nuqtasini bajara olmadilar. Ular Yaponiya aloqa vositalarida qo'lga olingan va "BAKUHATAI" - portlovchi moddalar bo'lgan shaxslar ekanligi ma'lum qilingan.[32] Ular endi hech qachon ko'rilmagan va ro'yxatda keltirilgan IIV.
Suv ostida halokat guruhlari (UDT)
Gacha Galvanik operatsiyasi va Tarava, V amfibiya korpusi aniqlagan edi mercan kelajak uchun muammo sifatida amfibiya operatsiyalari. Kontr-admiral Kelli Tyorner, qo'mondon V Amfibiya korpusi muammoni tushunish uchun qayta ko'rib chiqishni buyurgan edi. VAC ushbu material bilan bog'liq har qanday tajribaga ega bo'lgan yagona odam dengiz qurilish batalyonidagi erkaklar ekanligini aniqladi. Admiral leytenant T. C. Crist (CEC) ga jangovar sharoitida marjonlarni portlatish usulini ishlab chiqish va buni amalga oshirish uchun jamoani birlashtirishni topshirdi.[20] Lt.-leytenant Kristonni CB 5 da portlatgan boshqalarni olishdan boshladi. 1943 yil noyabr oyining oxiriga kelib u 30 ga yaqin ofitserga ega edi va 150 nafar harbiy xizmatga yig'ildi. Vaipio Oaxudagi amfibiya operatsion bazasi.[20]
1943 yil 23-noyabrda Dengiz piyodalari da katta yo'qotishlarga duch keldi Tarava. Ikkinchi to'lqin qo'nish kemasi quruqlikka yugurdi marjon riflari tufayli kutilmagan sayozlarda suv oqimlari. Natijada, Admiral Kelli Tyorner to'qqiz kishining tuzilishini talab qildi suv osti buzish guruhlari oldindan qo'nish uchun razvedka plyajdagi to'siqlarni buzish. Oltitasi Markaziy Tinch okeanidagi VACga tayinlangan, qolgan uchtasi esa III Amfibiya korpusi Tinch okeanining janubida. 1 va 2-UDTlar leytenant Krist Vayipoda yig'ilgan odamlardan iborat edi.[20] Dastlab 1 va 2-jamoalar tashkil etilganda, ular 180 kishidan iborat "vaqtinchalik" edilar.[35] Birinchi suv osti buzish komandirlari Cmdr edi. E.D. Brewster (CEC) UDT 1 va leytenant Krist (CEC) UDT 2. (Lt. Crist o'rnini egalladi, chunki Admiral Conolly jangovar tajribaga ega bo'lgan chiziq zobitlarini qidirgan). Jamoalar charchoqni kamzul kiyib yurishgan va qayiqlarini tark etishlari kutilmagan edi - NCDU larga o'xshab. Biroq, Kvajaleynda Fort-Pirs protokol o'zgartirildi. Admiral Tyorner kunduzgi yorug'lik razvedkasi va Markaziy saylov komissiyasiga buyruq berdi. Ens. Lyuis F. Luehrs va Seabee boshlig'i Uilyam Atchison qayiqda qolish bilan Admiral xohlagan narsaga erisha olmasliklarini kutib, charchoqlari ostida suzuvchi tanalarni kiyishgan. Ular echinishdi va kunduzi 45 daqiqa suvda bo'lishdi. Chiqib ketgach, ularni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Admiral Tyornernikiga olib borishdi flagman xabar berish, hali ham ularning chamadonlarida. Admiral Tyorner yakka suzuvchilarning kunduzgi kashfiyoti marjon va suv osti to'siqlari to'g'risida aniq ma'lumotni olish uchun yo'ldir, degan xulosaga keldi. Bu haqda u Admiral Nimitsga xabar bergan.[36] Fort Pirs protokoliga rioya qilmagan UDT 1 dengizchilarining muvaffaqiyati UDT missiyasining modeli va o'qitish rejimini qayta yozdi.[37] O'sha dengiz dengizchilari UDTlarning "yalang'och jangchilar" obrazini yaratdilar. Da Engebi Smdr. Brewster jarohat oldi va Ens bilan birga bo'lgan barcha odamlar. Luehrs ko'katlari ostida suzuvchi tanalarni kiyib olgan.[20]
Dengiz baliqlari 1-9, 13 va 15 jamoalardagi erkaklarning aksariyatini tashkil etdi.[38][39] Dengiz kemalari UDT 11 ning taxminan 20% ni tashkil etdi.[38] Zobitlar asosan MSK edi.[40]Urushlar oxirida 34 ta jamoa tuzilib, ular 1-21 jamoalar tarkibiga kiritildi. Dengizchilar xizmatni ko'rgan jamoalardagi erkaklarning yarmidan ko'pini ta'minladilar. AQSh dengiz kuchlari urushdan keyingi davrgacha UDTlarning mavjudligini e'lon qilmadilar va ular qachon leytenant qo'mondoni Kauffman va dengiz dengizlariga kredit berishdi.[41] Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida Dengiz kuchlari UDTlar uchun reytingga ega emas edilar va ularning belgisiga ham ega emas edilar. Formada CB reytingi bo'lgan erkaklar o'zlarini suv osti buzishlarini amalga oshirayotgan dengiz dengizlari deb hisoblashdi (11-rasm). Ular o'zlarini "UDT" yoki "Qurbaqalar "aksincha, NCDUlardan ko'chirilgan" Demolitioneers "[42] va LtCdr Kauffmans ularni Seabee dinamitatsiya va buzish maktabidan jalb qilmoqdalar. Keyingi yirik UDT ko'ngillilar guruhi qo'shma armiya-dengiz flotidan kelgan Skautlar va reyderlar Fort-Pirsda bo'lgan maktab Dengiz kuchlarining bombalarni yo'q qilish maktabi Seabee ustunlik qiladigan jamoalarda.
UDTs yaratishni so'raganidan uch kun o'tgach, Admiral Tyorner shuningdek, "Dengiz jangovar halokatini o'rgatish va eksperimental bazasini" yaratishni so'radi. Kixey, Gavayi. UDT 1 harakatlari zudlik bilan mashg'ulotga qo'shildi, bu esa uni Fort-Pirsdagi mashg'ulotdan farq qiladi. Treningning birinchi rahbari Seabee leytenant T.C. Krist Roi-Namur. U UDT 1 va 2 tugatilgandan UDT 3 qo'mondoni etib tayinlangunga qadar qisqa vaqt ichida shu lavozimda edi.
UDT formasi NCDUlarning jangovar charchoqlaridan magistrallarga o'tdi, suzuvchilar, sho'ng'in maskalari va Ka-barlar. OSS tomonidan o'qitilgan odamlar UDTlarga qo'shilishganlarida o'zlarining suzish havzalarini olib kelishgan.[31] Ularni boshqa jamoalar Ta'minot iloji boricha tezroq qabul qildilar.[31] Ushbu "yalang'och jangchilar", ular urushdan keyingi deb nomlana boshlaganlaridek, Tinch okeanining har bir yirik qismida harakatlarni ko'rdilar amfibiya qo'nish shu jumladan: Eniwetok, Saypan, Kvajalein, Tinian, Guam, Angaur, Ulithi, Peleliu, Leyte, Lingayen ko'rfazi, Zambales, Ivo Jima, Okinava, Labuan va Bruney ko'rfazi. Urushning so'nggi UDT operatsiyasi 1945 yil 4-iyulda bo'lgan Baliqpapan, Borneo. Urush tugagandan so'ng tezkor demobilizatsiya har bir sohilda ettita zobit va 45 ta harbiy xizmatchilar bilan to'ldirilgan faol xizmat vazifasini o'taydigan UDTlar sonini ikkitaga kamaytirdi.[9]
- Marianas operatsiyalari uchun Kvajelein, Roi-Namur, Siapan, Tinian, Eniwetok va Guam, Admiral Tyorner oltmishta kumush yulduzni va uch yuzdan oshiqni tavsiya qildi Bronza yulduzlari dengiz suvlari uchun Vs bilan va 1-7 UDTlarning boshqa harbiy xizmatchilari[43] Bu AQSh dengiz kuchlari / dengiz piyodalari korpusi tarixida beqiyos edi.[43] 5 va 7-UDTlar uchun har bir ofitser kumush yulduzni va barcha ro'yxatga olinganlar bronza yulduzlarini "Forager Operation" (Tinian) operatsiyasi uchun olishdi.[33] 3 va 4-UDTlar uchun har bir ofitser kumush yulduzni va barcha ro'yxatga olinganlar bronza yulduzlarini "Forager Operation" (Guam) operatsiyasi uchun olishdi.[33] Admiral Richard Lansing Konolli 3 va 4-guruhlar qo'mondonlari (leytenant Krist va leytenant V.G. Karberi) dengiz kuchlari xochlarini olishlari kerakligini his qildilar.
Koreya urushi
The Koreya urushi 1950 yil 25 iyunda boshlangan, qachonki Shimoliy Koreya armiya bostirib kirdi Janubiy Koreya. UDT 3 tarkibidagi 11 kishilik otryaddan boshlab, UDT ishtiroki 300 kishidan iborat umumiy kuchga ega uchta jamoaga tarqaldi. "Unutilgan urush" davrida UDTlar intensiv ravishda kurash olib bordilar, Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan vayron qilish bo'yicha tajribalarni qo'lga kiritdilar va uni tajovuzkor rolida ishlatishdi. Koreyaning Era UDTslari suvni qopqoq va yashirish hamda qo'shish usuli sifatida ishlatishda davom etib, ko'priklar, tunnellar, baliq ovi tarmoqlari va boshqa dengiz va qirg'oq maqsadlarini nishonga oldilar. Ular shuningdek, bilan yaqin ish munosabatlarini rivojlantirdilar Koreya Respublikasi Suv osti qirg'inlari bo'limi (Dengiz kuchlari maxsus urush flotiliyasining salafiyati), bugun ham davom etmoqda.[6]
UDTlar buzish va minalarni yo'q qilishga qaratilgan sa'y-harakatlari bilan Koreya urushi paytida o'zlarining taktik taktikalarini takomillashtirdilar va ishlab chiqdilar. UDTlar, shuningdek, Janubiy Koreyaning qo'mondonlariga shimolda poezd tunnellarini buzish bo'yicha reydlarda qatnashgan. Bu yuqori martabali amaldorlar tomonidan yomon ko'rilgan, chunki ular buni dengiz kuchlarining noan'anaviy ishlatilishi deb hisoblashgan. Urushning tabiati tufayli UDTlar operatsion rejimini past darajada saqlab qolishdi. Vazifalarning ba'zilari orasida ayg'oqchilarni Shimoliy Koreyaga olib borish va Shimoliy Koreya armiyasini ta'minlash uchun ishlatiladigan baliq ovining to'rlarini yo'q qilish kiradi.[6]
Maxsus operatsiyalar guruhi yoki SOG tarkibida UDTlar Koreya qirg'og'idagi temir yo'l tunnellari va ko'priklarida buzish reydlarini muvaffaqiyatli o'tkazdilar. UDTlar yangi vazifaga ixtisoslashgan: temir yo'l tunnellari va ko'priklariga qarshi qirg'oqlarni buzish bo'yicha tungi reydlar. UDT odamlariga topshiriq berildi, chunki UDT leytenanti Ted Fildingning so'zlari bilan aytganda: "Biz hech kim qila olmaydigan va boshqa hech kim qilishni istamagan ishni qilishga tayyormiz". (Ted Filding Koreya davrida "Kumush yulduz" bilan taqdirlangan va keyinchalik kapitan unvoniga ko'tarilgan).[44] 1950 yil 15 sentyabrda UDTlar Xromit operatsiyasini qo'llab-quvvatladilar, bu Incheonga amfibiya qo'nishi. UDT 1 va 3 qo'nish kemasidan oldin borgan, loyli kvartiralarni qidirib topgan, kanaldagi past nuqtalarni belgilagan, buzilgan pervanellarni tozalagan va minalarni qidirayotgan xodimlarni taqdim etdi. To'rt nafar UDT xodimi dengizga qo'nish uchun to'lqinli ko'rsatma sifatida harakat qilishdi. 1950 yil oktyabr oyida UDTlar Vonsan portidagi minalardan tozalash ishlarini qo'llab-quvvatladilar, u erda qurbaqalar minalar olib ketuvchilar uchun minalarni topib belgilaydilar. 1950 yil 12 oktyabrda AQShning ikkita minalashtiruvchi kemasi minalarga urilib cho'kib ketdi. UDTlar 25 ta dengizchini qutqardi. Ertasi kuni Uilyam Jannotti kaptarga kirganida "akvalung" yordamida AQShning birinchi jangovar operatsiyasini o'tkazdi USSGarov. Urushning qolgan qismida UDTlar plyaj va daryo razvedkasini olib bordilar, dengiz ortidan partizanlarga kirib kelishdi, minalarni tozalash ishlarini davom ettirdilar va Shimoliy Koreyaliklarning baliq ovlash qobiliyatini buzgan Fishnet operatsiyasida qatnashdilar.[6]
Prezident Jon F. Kennedi, Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodagi vaziyatdan xabardor bo'lib, zarurligini tan oldi noan'anaviy urush va maxsus operatsiyalar qarshi choralar sifatida partizan urushi. Nutqda, to Kongress, 1961 yil 25-mayda Kennedi ushbu shaxsga bo'lgan chuqur hurmati haqida gapirdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining maxsus kuchlari. Uning hukumatni e'lon qilishi paytida odamni oyga qo'yishni rejalashtirish ko'pchilikning e'tiborini tortdi, o'sha nutqida u AQSh maxsus operatsion kuchlarini kuchaytirish va noan'anaviy urushlarda Amerika imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish uchun 100 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'sarflash niyatida ekanligini e'lon qildi. Ba'zi odamlar Prezident Kennediga dengiz flotlarini yaratishda noto'g'ri deb ishonishadi. Uning e'lon qilinishi aslida Koreya urushidan beri amalga oshirilayotgan jarayonning rasmiy e'tirofi edi.[45]
Dengiz kuchlari maxsus operatsiyalar maydonidagi rolini aniqlashlari kerak edi. 1961 yil mart oyida, Admiral Arli Burk, Dengiz operatsiyalari boshlig'i, tashkil etishni tavsiya qildi partizan va qarshi partizan birliklar. Ushbu bo'linmalar dengizdan, havodan yoki quruqlikdan ishlashga qodir bo'lar edi. Bu dengiz flotining boshlanishi edi. Barcha muhrlar dengiz flotidan olingan Suv ostida buzish bo'yicha jamoalar, allaqachon katta tajriba orttirgan komando urush Koreya; ammo, Suv osti qirg'in guruhlari dengiz kuchlari uchun hali ham zarur edi.[6]
Dastlabki ikkita jamoa 1962 yil yanvar oyida tuzilgan[46] va AQShning ikkala qirg'og'ida joylashgan: Team One at Coronado dengiz-amfibiya bazasi, San-Diego, Kaliforniya va Ikkinchi jamoa da Little Creek dengiz amfibiya bazasi, yilda Virjiniya shtati, Virjiniya shtati. To'liq UDT xodimlaridan tashkil topgan SEALs missiyasi dengiz va daryo atroflarida partizanlarga qarshi urush va yashirin operatsiyalarni amalga oshirishdan iborat edi.[9] Yangi tashkil etilgan SEAL jamoalarining erkaklari noan'anaviy sohalarda o'qitildilar qo'l jangi, baland balandlikdagi parashyut bilan sakrash, buzish va chet tillari. SEALlar suv osti yiqitish guruhini almashtirish bo'yicha mashg'ulotlarda qatnashdilar va ular bir muncha vaqt UDTlarda mashg'ulot o'tkazdilar. SEAL jamoasiga o'tgandan so'ng, ular Kerri lagerida SEAL Basic Indoctrination (SBI) o'quv mashg'ulotidan o'tadilar. Kuyamaka tog'lari. SBI o'quv mashg'ulotidan so'ng ular a vzvod va vzvod mashg'ulotlarini o'tkazish.
SEAL jamoasi a'zosiga ko'ra Roy Bom, SEALlarning birinchi missiyalari kommunistik Kubaga qarshi qaratilgan. Bular dengiz osti kemalaridan joylashish va AQShning orolga amfibiya bosqini taklif qilinishidan oldin plyaj razvedkasini amalga oshirishdan iborat edi. Hech bo'lmaganda Boem va yana bir SEAL Sovet Ittifoqi raketalarini dengiz bo'yiga tushirilayotganini suratga olish uchun Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi agentini noqonuniy olib o'tdilar.[47]
The Tinch okeani qo'mondonligi tan olingan Vetnam noan'anaviy kuchlar uchun potentsial issiq nuqta sifatida. 1962 yil boshida UDTlar boshlandi gidrografik tadqiqotlar va AQSh harbiy boshqa filiallari bilan bir qatorda Harbiy yordam qo'mondonligi Vetnam (MACV) tashkil etildi. 1962 yil mart oyida SEALlar joylashtirildi Janubiy Vetnam o'qitish maqsadida maslahatchilar sifatida Vetnam Respublikasi armiyasi komandalar xuddi shu usullarda ular o'zlarini o'rgatishgan.
The Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ichida SEALlardan foydalanishni boshladi yashirin operatsiyalar 1963 yil boshida. SEALlar Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi homiyligida qatnashgan Feniks dasturi u erda Shimoliy Vetnam armiyasining asosiy xodimlari va Vetkong qo'lga olish va o'ldirish uchun xayrixohlar.
SEALlar dastlab uning atrofida va atrofida joylashtirilgan Da Nang, Janubiy Vetnamliklarni jangovar sho'ng'in, vayronalar va partizanlarga qarshi kurashish taktikasiga o'rgatish. Urush davom etar ekan, SEALs o'zlarini joylashtirdilar Rung Sat maxsus zonasi ular dushman ta'minotini va qo'shinlarning harakatlarini buzishi kerak bo'lgan joylarda va Mekong deltasi bajarish daryo operatsiyalar, ichki suv yo'llarida jang qilish.
Bilan kurashish Vietnam Kong to'g'ridan-to'g'ri edi. Oddiy urush usullaridan farqli o'laroq, artilleriyani koordinatali joyga otish, SEALlar maqsadlariga yaqin harakat qilishgan. 1960 yillarning oxiriga kelib, SEALlar yangi urush uslubida muvaffaqiyatga erishdilar, ular partizanlarga qarshi va partizan harakatlarida samarali edi. SEALs dushmanga ilgari xavfsiz hududda shaxsiy urush olib keldi. Vetnam Kong ularni "yashil yuzli erkaklar" deb atagan kamuflyaj yuz bo'yog'i muhrlar jangovar topshiriqlar paytida kiyib yurishgan.[48]
1966 yil fevral oyida kichik SEAL Team One guruhi Vetnamga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakat vazifalarini bajarish uchun keldi. Ishlayapti Nhà Bè bazasi, Rừng Sác maxsus zonasi yaqinida ushbu otryad SEAL mavjudligining boshlanishiga ishora qildi, natijada mamlakatda 8 ta SEAL vzvodini doimiy ravishda o'z ichiga oladi. SEALlar, shuningdek, viloyat razvedka bo'linmalari va Leyn Doc Nguio Nhia, Vetnam SEALlari uchun maslahatchilar sifatida xizmat qilgan.[9]
SEALs Shimoliy Vetnam va Laosga yashirincha kirib borishni davom ettirdi Kambodja, tomonidan boshqariladi Tadqiqotlar va kuzatishlar guruhi. Ikkinchi jamoaning SEALlari Janubiy Vetnam qo'mondonlari bilan yolg'iz ishlaydigan SEAL jamoasi a'zolarining noyob joylashuvini boshladi (ARVN ). 1967 yilda Janubiy Vetnam deb nomlangan ushbu aralashgan AQSh va ARVN birliklarini boshqarish uchun Detachment Bravo (Det Bravo) nomli SEAL bo'limi tashkil etildi. Viloyat razvedka bo'linmalari (PRU).
1970 yilga kelib Prezident Richard Nikson rejasini boshlab berdi Vetnamlashtirish bu AQShni Vetnam urushidan olib tashlaydi va mudofaa javobgarligini Janubiy Vetnamga qaytaradi. Oddiy kuchlar olib ketilayotgan edi; oxirgi SEAL vzvodi 1971 yil 7 dekabrda Vetnamni tark etdi, so'nggi SEAL maslahatchisi 1973 yil mart oyida Vetnamdan jo'nab ketdi. Janubiy Vetnam 1975 yil aprelda Shimoliy Vetnam kommunistik kuchlari tasarrufiga o'tdi. SEALlar urushdagi kattaligi bo'yicha eng baland bezatilgan birliklar qatoriga kirgan. 1974 yilga kelib bitta "Shuhrat" medali, ikkitasi Dengiz xochlari, 42 Kumush yulduzlar, 402 Bronza yulduzlari, ikkitasi Faxriy legionlar, 352 maqtov medallari va 51 dengiz kuchlari yutuqlari medallari[49] Keyinchalik mukofotlar jami uchta "Faxriy medal" va beshta dengiz floti xochiga aylanadi. SEAL Team One uchta Prezident bo'linmasi va bitta dengiz kuchlari faxriy yorlig'i bilan taqdirlandi; SEAL Team Ikki Prezident bo'linmasidan ikkita ma'lumotnoma oldi.[50] Urushning oxiriga kelib, Vetnamda 48 ta SEAL o'ldirilgan, ammo ularning soni taxminan 2000 ga teng. Florida shtatidagi Fort-Pirs shahridagi Navy SEAL muzeyi Vetnam urushi paytida jangda halok bo'lgan 48 ta SEAL ro'yxatini namoyish etadi.[51]
Qayta tashkil etish
1983 yil 1 mayda UDT-11 SEAL Team Five, UDT-21 SEAL Team Four, UDT – 12 bo'lib qayta tuzildi. SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team One (SDVT – 1), va UDT-22 yana o'zgartirildi SDVT-2. SEAL Team Three, 1983 yil 1 oktyabrda Kaliforniyaning Koronado shahrida tashkil etilgan. SEAL Team Sight 1988 yil 1 oktyabrda Virjiniya shtatining Little Creek dengiz amfibiya bazasida tashkil etilgan.[iqtibos kerak ] Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining maxsus operatsiyalar qo'mondonligi (SOCOM) 1987 yil aprel oyida tashkil etilgan va uning dengiz floti tarkibiy qismi, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Dengiz maxsus urush qo'mondonligi NSWC nomi bilan ham tanilgan (NAVSPECWARCOM) bir vaqtning o'zida tashkil etilgan.[52]
Grenada
Ikkala SEAL jamoasi va SEAL Team Six, ikkalasi ham avvalgisidir DEVGRU, AQShning Grenadaga bostirib kirishida qatnashgan. SEAL-larning ikkita asosiy vazifasi Grenadani qazib olish edi General-gubernator va Grenadaning yagona radio minorasini olish. Ikkala missiya ham qisqa ma'lumotga ega emas yoki o'z vaqtida olingan ma'lumot bilan etarli darajada qo'llab-quvvatlanmagan va SEALlar boshidanoq muammoga duch kelishgan. 1983 yil 24 oktyabrda SEAL Team Six guruhining o'n ikkita operatori va Air Force Combat Control Team (CCT) ning to'rt a'zosi Grenada, Point Salines shimolidan 40 kilometr shimolda joylashgan Zodiak shishiriladigan kauchuk qayiqlari bilan C130 Herkuldan havoga ko'tarilgan havoga qarshi suv qo'shimchasini amalga oshirdilar. Jamoa yomon ob-havo sharoitida va jangovar shamol sharoitida to'liq jangovar uskunalar bilan jihozlangan. To'rtta SEAL cho'kib ketdi va hech qachon tiklanmadi. SEALlar ikki jamoaga bo'linib, o'z maqsadlariga erishishdi. Gubernatorning qasrini qazib olgandan so'ng, SEALlar o'zlarining yuklarini yuklashni unutganliklarini angladilar kriptografik sun'iy yo'ldosh telefoni. Grenadalik va Kuba qo'shinlari jamoani qurshab olishganida, SEALlarning yagona radiosining batareyasi tugadi va ular qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun qasrning quruqlik telefonidan foydalanishdi. AC-130 qurolli o'q otishni qo'llab-quvvatlash. Kunduzi muhrlar qasrda mahkamlandi va ertasi kuni ertalab dengiz piyoda askarlari tomonidan olib tashlandi.
Radio stantsiyasiga yuborilgan guruh aloqa muammolariga ham duch keldi. SEALs radioga etib borishi bilan ular o'zlarining buyruq lavozimlarini ko'tarishga qodir emasliklarini ko'rishdi. Grenadalik va Kuba qo'shinlarining bir necha to'lqinlarini urib tushirgandan so'ng BTR-60 zirhli transportyorlar, SEALlar o'zlarining radio minorasidagi mavqeiga ishonib bo'lmaydigan deb qaror qilishdi. Ular stantsiyani yo'q qildilar va dushman kuchlarini patrul qilishdan yashiringan suvga qarshi kurashdilar. Dushman o'zlarining muhrlarini qidirishdan voz kechgandan so'ng, ba'zi bir yaradorlar, ochiq dengizga suzib kirishdi, u erda bir necha soatdan keyin razvedkachi samolyot tomonidan ko'rilgan.
Eron-Iroq urushi
Yopilish bosqichlarida Eron-Iroq urushi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz kuchlari operatsiyalarni o'tkazishni boshladi Fors ko'rfazi AQSh bayrog'idagi kemalarni Eron dengiz kuchlari hujumidan himoya qilish. Yashirin reja tuzilib, unga dublyaj qilindi Operatsion Prime Chance. Navy SEAL Team 1 va 2 bir nechta maxsus qayiq birliklari va EOD texnikalari bilan birgalikda mobil qo'mondon barjalarida joylashtirilgan va vertolyotlar orqali Armiyaning 160-maxsus operatsion aviatsiya polki. Amaliyot davomida SEALlar o'tkazildi VBSS (Tashrif, bort, qidiruv va musodara) missiyalari Eron minalashtiruvchi qayiqlariga qarshi turish. Faqatgina odamlar hayoti halok bo'lgan Eron Ajr. Dalillar yig'ilgan Eron Ajr keyinchalik SEALs tomonidan AQSh dengiz kuchlariga zarba bergan minalarni izlashga ruxsat berildi USSSamuel B. Roberts (FFG-58). Ushbu voqealar zanjiri olib keldi Mantis ibodati operatsiyasi, Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan buyon AQShning dengiz kuchlari bilan eng yirik aloqasi.
Desert Shield and Storm operatsiyasi paytida Navy SEALs Quvayt maxsus kuchlarini o'qitdi. Ular quvg'inda Quvayt dengiz kuchlari bilan hamkorlikda dengiz maxsus operatsiyalar guruhlarini tuzdilar. Ushbu yangi sho'ng'in, suzish va jangovar mahoratlardan foydalangan holda ushbu qo'mondonlar poytaxtni ozod qilish kabi jangovar operatsiyalarda qatnashdilar.
Panama
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Dengiz kuchlari Panamani bosib olishga katta nomdagi maxsus operatsiyalar aktivlarini qo'shdilar "Faqatgina sabab" operatsiyasi. Bunga SEAL Team 2 va 4, Naval Special Warfare Unit 8 va Special Boat Unit 26 kiradi, barchasi Naval Special Warfare Group 2 tarkibiga kiradi; va alohida Dengiz maxsus urushlarini rivojlantirish guruhi (DEVGRU). DEVGRU Task Force Blue-ga tushdi, Naval Special Warfare Group 2 esa Task Force White-ni to'liq tarkibiga oldi. Task Force White-ga uchta asosiy maqsad qo'yilgan: yo'q qilish Panamaning mudofaa kuchlari (PDF) Balboa Makonidagi dengiz aktivlari va yo'q qilinishi Manuel Noriega Paitilla aeroportidagi shaxsiy samolyot (umumiy sifatida tanilgan Nifty Package operatsiyasi ), shuningdek Flamenko orolida PDF kuchlarini ajratish.
The strike on Balboa Harbor by Task Unit Whiskey is notably marked in SEAL history as the first publicly acknowledged combat swimmer mission since the Second World War. Prior to the commencement of the invasion four Navy SEALs, Lt Edward S. Coughlin, EN-3 Timothy K. Eppley, ET-1 Randy L. Beausoleil, and PH-2 Chris Dye, swam underwater into the harbor on Draeger LAR-V dam oluvchilar and attached C4 explosives to and destroyed Noriega's personal gunboat the Presidente Porras.
Task Unit Papa was tasked with the seizure of Paitilla airfield and the destruction of Noriega's plane there. Several SEALs were concerned about the nature of the mission assigned to them being that airfield seizure was usually the domain of the Army Rangers. Despite these misgivings and a loss of operational surprise, the SEALs of TU Papa proceeded with their mission. Almost immediately upon landing, the 48 SEALs came under withering fire from the PDF stationed at the airfield. Although Noriega's plane was eventually destroyed, the SEALs suffered four dead and thirteen wounded. Killed were Lt. John Connors, Chief Petty Officer Donald McFaul, Torpedoman's Mate 2nd Class Issac Rodriguez, and Boatswain's Mate 1st Class Chris Tilghman.
Fors ko'rfazi urushi
In August 1990, SEALs were the first western forces to deploy to the Fors ko'rfazi qismi sifatida Cho'l qalqoni operatsiyasi. They infiltrated the capital city of Quvayt within hours of the invasion and gathered intelligence and developed plans to rescue US embassy staff should they become hostages. SEALs were also the first to capture Iraqi Prisoners of War when they assaulted nine Kuwaiti Oil platforms on 19 January 1991. On 23 February 1991, a seven-man SEAL team launched a mission to trick the Iraqi military into thinking an amphibious assault on Kuwait by coalition forces was imminent by setting off explosives and placing marking buoys 500 meters off the Kuwaiti coast. The mission was a success and Iraqi forces were diverted east away from the true coalition offensive.[53] The SEALs were first into Kuwait City in their Desert Patrol Vehicles when it was recaptured.[54]
Somalia Intervention
On 6 December 1992, as part of Umidni tiklash operatsiyasi, U.S. Navy SEALs and Special Boat crewmen from Naval Special Warfare Task Unit TRIPOLI began a three-day operation carrying out reconnaissance operations in the vicinity of Mogadishu airport and harbor; ahead of UNITAFs deployment to the country. They suffered only one casualty, who was injured by an IED.[55][56]
In August 1993 a four-man DEVGRU SEAL sniper team was deployed to Mogadishu to work alongside Delta Force qismi sifatida Ishchi guruhning qo'riqchisi in the search for Somali warlord Mohammed Farrah Aidid. They took part in several operations in support of the CIA and Army culminating in the 3 October 'Mogadishu jangi ' where they were part of the ground convoy raiding the Olympic Hotel. All four SEALs would be later awarded the Silver Star in recognition of their bravery whilst Navy SEAL Xovard E. Vasdin would be awarded a Purple Heart after continuing to fight despite being wounded three times during the battle.[57]
Afg'onistondagi urush
Bosqin
Zudlik bilan 11 sentyabr hujumlari, Navy SEALs quickly dispatched to Camp Doha, and those already aboard US Naval vessels in the Persian Gulf and surrounding waters began conducting VBSS operations against ships suspected of having ties to or even carrying al-Qoida operatives. SEAL Teams 3 and 8 also began rotating into Oman from the United States and staging on the island of Masirah for operations in Afghanistan. One of the SEALs' immediate concerns was their lack of suitable vehicles to conduct maxsus razvedka (SR) missions in the rough, landlocked terrain of Afghanistan. After borrowing and retrofitting Humvees from the Army Rangers also staging on Masirah, the SEALs inserted into Afghanistan to conduct the SR of what would become Camp Rhino, qismi sifatida Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (OEF-A). These early stages of OEF were commanded by a fellow SEAL, Kontr-admiral Albert Kalland.
As part of the CJSOTF (Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force) under the command of General Tommi Franks da CENTCOM SEALs from DEVGRU were part of Task Force Sword, which was established in early October 2001. It was a qora SOF (Special Operations Forces) unit under direct command of JSOC. It was a so-called hunter-killer force whose primary objective was of capturing or killing senior leadership and HVT within both al-Qaeda and the Taliban. Sword was initially structured around a two-squadron component of operators from Delta Force (Task Force Green) and DEVGRU (Task Force Blue) supported by a Ranger protection force teams (Task Force Red) and ISA signals intercept and surveillance operators (Task Force Orange) and the 160th SOAR (Task Force Brown). Ishchi guruh K-Bar was established on 10 October 2001, it was formed around a Naval Special Warfare Group consisting of SEALs from SEAL Teams 2, 3 and 8 and Green Berets from 1st Battalion, 3rd SFG; the task force was led by SEAL Captain Robert Harward.
The task force's principal task was to conduct SR and SSE missions in the south of the country. Other Coalition SOF-particularly KSK, JTF2 va Yangi Zelandiya maxsus havo xizmati were assigned to the task force. As part of the JIATF-CT (Joint Interagency Task Force-Counterterrorism) – intelligence integration and fusion activity manned by personnel from all Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (OEF-A) participating units- SEALs from DEVGRU were part of Task Force Bowie, they were embedded in the task force in AFOs (Advanced Force Operations). The AFOs were 45-man reconnaissances units made up of a Delta Force recce specialists augmented by selected SEALs from DEVGRU and supported by ISA 's technical experts. The AFOs had been raised to support TF Sword and were tasked with intelligence preparation of the battlefield, working closely with the CIA and reported directly to Task Force Sword. The AFOs conducted covert reconnaissance – sending small 2 or 3-man teams into al-Qaeda 'Backyard' along the border with Pakistan, the AFO operators would deploy observation posts to watch and report enemy movements and numbers as well as environmental reconnaissance; much of the work was done on foot or ATVlar.[58]
SEALs were present at the Qala-i-Jangi jangi in November 2001 alongside their counterparts from the British SBS. Bosh kichik xodim Stephen Bass bilan taqdirlandi Navy Cross jang paytida qilgan harakatlari uchun.
Before the US Marines landed at Camp Rhino in November 2001, a SEAL recce team from SEAL Team 8 conducted reconnaissance of the area, they were mistakenly engaged by orbiting AH-1W attack helicopters, but the SEALs managed to get a message through to the Marines before they suffered casualties.[59] The SR mission in the region of Camp Rhino lasted for four days, after which two Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Havo Kuchlariga qarshi kurashni boshqarish guruhlari made a nighttime HALO sakrash to assist the SEALs in guiding in Dengiz piyodalari dan 15-dengiz ekspeditsiya bo'limi who seized control of the area and established a Oldinga operatsion baza.
Bosqindan keyingi hujum
In January 2002, following the Tora Bora jangi, another series of caves was discovered in Javar Kili, janubda joylashgan Tora Bora; airstrikes hit the sites before SOF teams were inserted into the area. A SEAL platoon from SEAL Team 3, including several of their Desert Patrol Vehicles, accompanied by a German KSK element, a Norwegian SOF team and JTF2 reconnaissance teams spent some nine days conducting extensive SSE, clearing an estimated 70 caves and 60 structures in the area, recovering a huge amount of both intelligence and munitions, but they didn't encounter any al-Qaeda fighters.[60] Subsequent SEAL operations during the invasion of Afghanistan were conducted within Task Force K-Bar, a joint special operations unit of Armiya maxsus kuchlari, United States Air Force Special Tactics Teams, and special operations forces from Norway, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Denmark. Task Force K-Bar conducted combat operations in the massive cave complexes near the city of Qandahor and surrounding territory, the town of Prata Ghar and hundreds of miles of rough terrain in southern and eastern Afghanistan. Over the course of six months Task Force K-Bar killed or captured over 200 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, and destroyed tens of thousands of pounds of weapons and ordnance.[iqtibos kerak ]
In February 2002, while at Camp Rhino, the Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi passed on intelligence from a Predator drone da ishlaydigan Paktiya province that Toliblar Mulla Khirullah Said Wali Khairkhwa was spotted leaving a building by vehicle convoy. SEALs and Danish Jægerkorpset commandos boarded Air Force Pave Low helicopters and seized Khairkhwa on the road less than two hours later.[61] The SEALs continued to perform reconnaissance operations for the Marines until leaving after having spent 45 days on the ground.
In March 2002, SEALs from DEVGRU, SEAL Team 2, 3 and 8 participated extensively in Anakonda operatsiyasi. During what would become known as the Takur Ghar jangi, whilst inserting from an MH-47E Chinook, PO1 Nil Roberts from DEVGRU,[62] was thrown from his helicopter when it took fire from entrenched al Qaeda fighters. Roberts was subsequently killed after engaging and fighting dozens of enemies for almost an hour. Several SEALs were wounded in a rescue attempt and their Air Force Combat Controller, Technical Sergeant Jon Chapman, o'ldirildi. Attempts to rescue the stranded SEAL also led to the deaths of several US Army Rangers and an Air Force Pararescueman acting as a Quick Reaction Force.
Later in 2002, CJSOFT became a single integrated command under the broader CJTF-180 that commanded all US forces assigned to OEF-A, it was built around an Army Special Forces Group (often manned by National Guard units) and SEAL teams. A small JSOC element (formerly Task Force Sword/11) not under direct CTJF command – embedded within CJSOFT, it was manned by a joint SEAL and Ranger element that rotated command, it was not under direct ISAF command, although it operated in support of NATO operations.[63]
In June 2005, Lieutenant Maykl P. Merfi was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor after his four-man reconnaissance counterinsurgency team was almost wiped out during "Qizil qanotlar" operatsiyasi. After the four-man team lost Danny Dietz, he put himself in open view to call in the QRF. He soon after died from injuries sustained. Matthew Axelson also died on this operation. The QRF never reached the scene; it was struck by an RPG killing eight Navy SEALs and eight Army Night Stalkers. Markus Luttrel was the only survivor from this operation.
In early 2010, Brigadier General Scott Miller took command of CJSOTF-Afghanistan and assigned virtually all SOF in the theatre to a new counterinsurgency role that would become known as the ALP/VSO Program (Afghan Local Police/Village Stability Operations), the SOF in Afghanistan were organised into battalion level SOTF (Special Operations Task Forces) each with a geographic area of responsibility-the SEALs were given southeast Afghanistan. To increase security of their assigned VSO village, a SEAL Platoon in Chora tumani, Uruzgan viloyati built a wall constructed of 500 metres (550 yd) of HESCO barriers to divert insurgent movements away, this proved successful and eventually the Afghan villagers took ownership of it. SEALs and other SOTF still conducted Direct Action missions, but now partnered with Afghan forces.[65]
On 6 August 2011, seventeen U.S. Navy SEALs were killed when their CH-47 Chinuk vertolyot was shot down tomonidan RPG tomonidan otilgan Toliblar jangarilar. The SEALs were en route to support AQSh armiyasining Rangers who were taking fire while attempting to capture a senior Taliban leader in the Tangi vodiysi. Fifteen of the SEALs belonged to the Dengiz maxsus urushlarini rivojlantirish guruhi.[66][67][68] Two others were SEALs assigned to a West Coast-based Naval Special Warfare unit.[66][69] A total of 30 Americans and eight Afghans were killed in the crash, making it the single largest loss of U.S. lives in the Global War on Terrorism.
On 16 August 2012, SEALs in Uruzgan Province conducted a joint operation into the Shah Wali Kot Valley where they suffered the loss of a Black Hawk helicopter when it was struck by an insurgent RPG, the crash killed 11 servicemen (seven US and four Afghan).[70]
In December 2012, SEALs from DEVGRU rescued a US doctor who had been kidnapped a few days earlier. However, during the operation the unit suffered a fatality, Petty Officer 1st Class Nicolas D. Checque.[71] Senior Chief Edward Byers, was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during this mission.[72]
In May 2013, Rear Admiral Sean Pybus, commander of Navy Special Warfare stated that the unit would cut in half the number of SEAL platoons in Afghanistan by the end of 2013. Pybus also added that the unit is already "undergoing a transition back to its maritime roots" by placing more emphasis on sea-based missions after being involved in mostly landlocked missions since 2001.[73]
Iroq urushi
Bosqin
Uchun 2003 yil Iroqqa bostirib kirish, a squadron from DEVGRU operated as part of Task Force 20. Their role was to conduct heliborne direct action raids, particularly against HVTs. The Naval Special Operations Task Group was assigned to Operation Iraqi Freedom, and was built around a core of SEAL Teams 8 and 10, Polish GROM, Qirol dengiz piyodalari dan 40 va 42 qo'mondonlik buyrug'i bilan 3 komando brigadasi and attached US Psy Ops and civil affairs jamoalar. The Naval Task Group was principally tasked with the capture of the port of Ummu Qasr, Iraq's only deep-water port; the oil pipeline facilities of the Al-Fav yarim oroli; and the two off-shore platforms the pipelines fed. Once these initial target sets were secured, the Task Group would support conventional forces in the south, conducting reconnaissance and raiding activities. Aviation support was provided by both Marine air of the 15th MEU and 20-maxsus operatsiya otryad.[74]
Several days before the beginning of the invasion, two SDV teams were launched from Mark V Maxsus operatsiyalar bo'yicha hunarmandchilik Fors ko'rfazida. Ularning maqsadlari quyidagilardan iborat edi hydrographic reconnaissance ning Al Basrah (MABOT) and Khawr Al Amaya (KAAOT) Oil Terminals. After swimming under the terminals and securing their Mark 8 mod 1s, the SDV SEALs spent several hours taking pictures and surveying Iraqi activity on both platforms before returning to their boats.[53] On 20 March 2003, SEALs from SEAL Team 8 and 10 (31 SEALs, 2 Navy EOD a USAF combat controller and several Iraqi interpreters) moved to seize the MABOT oil terminal whilst GROM operators assaulted the KAAOT Oil Terminals. The terminals were quickly seized with no casualties, and explosives which were found on the terminals were made safe by GROM operators.[75]
The shore-based pumping stations (known as MMS-Monitoring and Meter Stations) and their pipelines on the Al-Faw Peninsula were seized by 12 SEALS from SEAL Team 3, who were mounted in DPVs. They took off from Kuwait and were inserted under Iraqi anti-aircraft fire by MH-53 helicopters. The target area was 'softened up' by JDAM bombs dropped from B-52 on Iraqi bunkers, trenches and dugouts around the oil facilities. After a brief firefight in which the SEALs killed 1 Iraqi soldier and captured 13, the SEALs secured the MMS and the pipelines, and were relieved by Royal Marines from 40 Commando. The SEALs advised the Marines, helping coordinate AC-130 Spectres fire support onto Iraqi forces. The other shore-based pumping station at Umm Qasr was secured by SEALs and Royal Marines; before they landed, AC-130 Spectres and A-10As engaged a nearby SAM installation and a responding Iraqi mechanised unit. The SEALs secured the facility itself whilst the Royal Marines cleared Iraqi bunkers, killing several Iraqi soldiers.[76][77][78]
Other Naval Task Group operations included elements of three SEAL platoons in GMV trucks and DPVs seizing the al Zubayr MMS, whilst I MEF attacked the Rumaylah Oil Fields north of al-Faw. SEALs and Special Boat teams helped secure the Khawr Abd Allah and Khawr Az Zubyar waterways, which enabled humanitarian supplies to be delivered to the port of Umm Qasr. SEALs from the unit that secured the al-Faw MMS also conducted reconnaissance on the Shat Al Arab waterway, that was later secured by British forces. SEALs were also involved in various VBSS missions with British and Australian forces to seize Iraqi craft carrying seaborne mines.[53][78][79]
Coalition military planners were concerned that retreating Iraqi forces would destroy the Mukatayin hydroelectric dam, located 57 miles northeast of Baghdad, in an attempt to slow advancing US troops. In addition to restricting the manoeuvre of Coalition forces, the destruction of the dam would deny critical power needs to the surrounding area, as well as cause massive flooding and loss of Iraqi civilian life. A mixed team of SEALs from SEAL Team 5 and Polish GROM was called in to seize the dam. This force was flown several hours by six US Air Force MH-53J Pave Lows; the force consisted of 20 SEALs (with an extra six SEAL snipers in one helicopter carrying the SEAL command and control element) and two EOD operators along with 35 GROM operators to the dam. The SEALs employed DPVs into blocking positions to defend against counter-attack and roving bands of Iranian bandits that had been crossing the border and raiding Iraqi towns. As in Al Faw, the SEALs found their DPVs (the SEAL unit at the al-Faw MMS lost all but two DPVs when they were bogged down in the oily mud) to be ineffective and this marked the last time they would employ them in Iraq. The SEALs and GROM on foot fast-roped out of their helicopters and immediately stormed the dam. Minimal[tushuntirish kerak ] Iraqi troops guarding the dam surrendered without a fight, and with the exception of a GROM askar who broke an ankle during the insertion, no casualties were sustained in the operation. After several hours of searching the dam for remaining hostile forces or any explosives, the SEALs secured the dam and held it for five days until they were relieved by advancing elements of the US Army.[78][80][81][82]
Davomida Basra jangi, SEALs along with the Brigade Reconnaissance Force va 539 Assault Squadron RM attempted a waterborne approach to Basra via the Shatt al-Arab waterway but were intercepted by Iranian Revolutionary Guard patrol craft and did not want to engage them so they withdrew. On 6 April 2003, after relocating further up the waterway they successfully infiltrated via the waterway, using SEAL UAVs they called in "show-of-force" and an airstrike by a USMC harrier on Iraqi troops, the SEALs then headed to "Chemical Ali 's" house with SSE teams to find traces of chemical weapons.[83] SEALs carried out missions around Nosiriya, carrying out reconnaissance on surrounding villages and engaging enemy strong points bypassed by the US Marine advance. Charlie Platoon, SEAL Team 3, later operated ahead of the Marine advance carrying out similar missions.[78] SEAL and GROM units continued to cooperate throughout the rest of the invasion phase, with raids and anti-sniper missions in Bag'dod.[84]
Bosqindan keyingi Iroq
Following the invasion, SEAL platoons rotated through Iroq, conducting overwatch for US and Iraqi patrols and directly mentoring local Iraqi forces; they also conducted surveillance and sniping missions into known trouble spots. In September 2004, a SEAL sniper element was tasked with establishing an overwatch and surveillance position overlooking Hayfa ko'chasi, they were inserted by Bradley IFVs from a unit of the 9-otliq polki, however they were spotted and engaged by insurgents. The SEALs notified the Bradleys, they drove back, fired on the insurgents and set up a cordon for the SEALs to be extracted, one Bradley was destroyed by a car bomb, there were no casualties and the SEALs were extracted.[85]
In the interim between the First Battle of Fallujah and Fallujadagi ikkinchi jang, insurgents in Falluja knew that the coalition assault was inevitable and under the guidance of the influx of foreign fighters, began to build defensive networks throughout the city-ranging from fortified buildings, trench lines, bermalar, strategically placed avtomashinalardagi bomba va IEDlar. In preparations for the second battle, SEALs conducted reconnaissance near the berms and tested out reports that the insurgents were equipped with night-vision equipment, they proved this by throwing an infra-red chemical light into the street which drew small arms fire. SEALs along with the 5th SFG, Marine Force Recon va Det One and other JSOC elements were heavily involved in shaping operations prior to 7 November D-DAY when coalition forces entered the city. The SOF shaping included sophisticated feints to mislead the insurgents as to the direction of the final assault, close target reconnaissance and direct-action missions where a logistics node or IED factory was targeted. When the offensive on the insurgents in the city began, many of the US Marine companies had SEAL sniper teams attached to them, mainly from SEAL Teams 3, 5 and 10.[86]
From 2005, SEALs were heavily committed to western Iraq in Al Anbar viloyati, AQI terrorists who escaped Fallujah had relocated to Ramadi. A SEAL Task Unit was co-located with the Marines at Al Asad aviabazasi and sent elements to Ramadi and Habbaniyah, the SEALs were initially tasked with target development for the Marines and providing sniper overwatch for their patrols. The SEALs were already training an Iraqi Army unit in Habbaniyah, although FID was their main focus until later that year. A SEAL Task Unit generally comprised two individual SEAL Platoons: each Platoon was made up of seven-man squad elements commanded by a kichik ofitser, three of these Task Units (although a fourth was often added) along with a Special Boat Team detachment and a Headquarters Team (including integral intelligence, targeting and EOD personnel) made up a Naval Special Warfare Squadron. Ga binoan Dik Kuch, the SEALs began FID with two Iraqi units-the Army Scouts who conducted conventional reconnaissance missions, and the SMP (Special Missions Platoon), a locally formed unit that would later fight alongside the SEALs. Despite several challenges, the SEALs were soon conducted operations with partnered units, particularly in Special Reconnaissance, focusing on the surveillance aspect, whilst conventional US Army or Marines would conduct raids and arrests.[87] The typical loadout of the SEALs in Ramadi included the M4 carbine, optimised for close quarter battle with a 10-inch barrel equipped with a 6-inch sound suppressor, Surefire flashlight and EOTech sight, short barrel and foregrip and seven magazines.[88]
As the SEALs were beginning to make headway in Ramadi, AQI was starting to infiltrate the area by targeting local Sheikhs and convincing them to allow jihadists to marry into local tribes, thus cementing their powerbase and Sheikhs that resisted these advances were met with typical AQI brutality. Al-Qaeda's efforts to install a Shariat -style shadow government in Ramadi led to AQI's downfall-when in the first half of 2006, in the run-up to the Second Battle of Ramadi SEALs, increasingly partnered with conventional forces of the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division which was planning the offensive. SEALs along with the Scouts and SMP, would conduct reconnaissance, surveillance and sniper overwatch tasks; with their own targeting cell, they also began conducting raids on local insurgent leaders. The 1st BCT began the concerted offensive to clear Ramadi of AQI fighters; on 29 September 2006, whilst at a rooftop overwatch position, Petty Officer Michael A. Monsoor died after leaping upon an enemy grenade during a rooftop firefight, two SEALs on the roof were badly wounded from the grenade fragments and their local Iraqi Scouts ran back into the cover of the building, a fourth SEAL (only lightly wounded), managed to radio his colleagues and get the Scouts to return fire. A SEAL element in a second overwatch position immediately ran through heavy fire to reach Monsoor (whom later died from his wounds in the back of a Bradley IFV) and the wounded SEALs, Monsoor was later awarded the Medal of Honor and the Silver Star. The advances by conventional forces and the SEALs in Ramadi, combined with the brutal tactics of AQI, helped to increase recruitment in a local police initiative-the programme was designed to bring the local Sheikhs' militias into the Iraqi Security Forces. These volunteers would serve locally in their communities to defend them against al-Qaeda, a month after the kidnapping and murder of Sheikh Khalid by AQI (which proved to be the tipping point), the Sheikhs signed a declaration agreeing to fight AQI and by the closing of 2006, even former insurgents were joining the local police (later known as the Anbar Awakening ) by the end of the battle, some 1,100 terrorists were killed.[89]
In Fallujah, the SEAL Task Unit were also heavily involved in fighting. In one joint operation to capture an AQI leader, they entered the target building and were engaged resulting in an Iraqi Scout being killed and a SEAL severely wounded, two SEALs returned fire and entered the building, both SEALs entered different rooms, in one room the SEAL encountered three insurgents who opened fired at close range, another SEAL across the hallway was struck in the head and killed, the SEAL in the room with the insurgents killed all three.[90]
In September 2009, in a nighttime raid in Fallujah, SEALs captured Ahmad Hashim Abd al-Isawi (nicknamed the "Butcher of Fallujah"), a prominent al-Qaeda terrorist who was the mastermind behind the 2004 Fallujah ambush. Al-Isawai made accusations of mistreatment while in custody, and testified in April 2010 at the ensuing harbiy sudlar against three SEALs (all of whom were acquitted).[91][92][93] Iraqi authorities later tried and executed al-Isawi by osilgan at some point before November 2013.[94]
SEALS remained employed throughout the Iraqi Campaign as Task Units or Task Elements until its close in 2011.
Doimiy erkinlik operatsiyasi - Filippinlar
OEF-P was established in 2002 to conduct long-term partnered operations with both Philippine Army special operations and intelligence units, as well as police units to counter the threat posed by the ASG va JI terrorist groups. Much of this work has been assigned to 1st SFG; SEALs and USAF Special Operations who have also had a long-term presence in the Philippines. There are few confirmed operational details about the SEALs and Green Berets conducting partnered operations, although elements are partnered with Philippine Army and SOF; there have been mentions of Green Berets and SEALs being wounded. On 21 June 2002, SEALs in RIBs qo'llab-quvvatladi Philippine Naval Special Operations Group in the operation that killed Abu Sabaya, a senior leader in the ASG. A US Predator UAV marked the HVT with an infrared laser as he tried to escape in a smugglers boat, the MH-47Es from the 160th SOAR used search lights mounted on their helicopters to pinpoint the target's boat while operators from the Philippine Naval Special Operations Group opened fire on the boat killing the terrorist leader and capturing four other terrorists with him.[95]
"Doimiy Ozodlik" operatsiyasi - Afrika shoxi
As part of OEF-HOA, Naval Special Warfare Unit 10 are deployed to Lemonnier lageri, Jibuti, under the command of SOCCE-HOA (Special Operations Command and Control Element-Horn of Africa) which commands all SOCOM units assigned to training or operational missions in the region. Special operations carried out in Somalia are conducted under the codename: Operation Octave Dune, as part of the overall effort in Somalia, which is known as Operation Octave Shield.[96]
Oldin Jibuti became the epicentre for counter terrorism operations in Africa, unilateral operations were launched from temporary forward locations in friendly nations such as Kenya, or from US Navy Ships. The earliest known operation in Somalia was known as Operation Cobalt Blue: In 2003, SEALs using SEAL etkazib berish vositalari swam ashore along the Somali coastline and emplaced covert surveillance cameras. Known as cardinals, the cameras were designed to watch likely target locations for wanted terrorists as al-Qaeda and its affiliates began to regroup in the country, however the cameras only took one image a day and captured very little.[97]
CJSOTF-HOA (Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force-Horn of Africa) developed a rescue plan called Operation Mystic Talon, in case and CIA SAD or ISA operators were captured in the region, the plan required a SEAL platoon Air Force Special Operations assets that, if necessary, would fight their way into Somalia, recover the hostage and fight their way out, should a mission need to be launched before a dedicated JSOC task force could be deployed to the region.[98]
Maersk Alabama o'g'irlash
On 12 April 2009, in response to a hostage taking incident off the coast of Somali tomonidan Somalian pirates, three Navy SEALs from DEVGRU simultaneously engaged and killed the three pirates who were closely holding the hostage, Captain Richard Fillips, of the freighter ship Maersk Alabama. The pirates and their hostage were being towed in a lifeboat approximately 100 yards behind USSBeynbridj when each of the pirates were killed by a different DEVGRU sniper with a single shot to the head.[99]
Usama bin Ladinning o'limi
In the early morning of 2 May 2011 mahalliy vaqt, a team of Navy SEALs of the Dengiz maxsus urushlarini rivojlantirish guruhi (DEVGRU), previously called "SEAL Team 6",[100] bilan birga Belgiya Malinaxiya Military Working Dog (named "Cairo"), supported by Maxsus faoliyat bo'limi officers on the ground, killed Usama bin Laden yilda Abbotobod, Pakistan about 35 miles (56 km) from Islomobod a Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi operatsiya.[101][102] Prezident Barak Obama later confirmed the death of bin Laden, but did not directly mention the involvement of DEVGRU, saying only that a "small team" of Americans undertook the operation to bring down bin Laden.[101] The unprecedented media coverage raised the public profile of the SEAL community, particularly the terrorizmga qarshi kurash specialists commonly known as SEAL Team 6. Uolt Disney kompaniyasi tried unsuccessfully to trademark the name "SEAL Team 6" the day after the raid.[103] The official name of the military operation was Neptun nayzasi operatsiyasi. The model of the compound used in the 60 daqiqa documentary was donated by CBS to the Navy SEAL muzeyi.[104]
Tong shon-sharafi neft tankeri
On 16 March 2014, thirty U.S. Navy SEALs from SEAL Team 2 took control of MVTong shon-sharafi, a tanker full of oil loaded from a rebel-held port in Liviya. The raid by Navy SEALs took place in international waters off the coast of Cyprus; the raid was a success, preventing a Libyan splinter militia group selling nationalized Libyan oil on the black market.[105][106]
Amaliy echim
Qismi sifatida Operation Inherent Resolve's Iraq Campaign, there are at least 100 SEALs as part of a Special Operations advise and assist mission to Peshmerga va Iraqi Security Forces in combating IShID. The Navy SEAL operation in northern Iraq is called Task Force Trident.[107] On 3 May 2016, Petty Officer 1st Class Charles Keating IV was killed by ISIS small arms fire near the town of Tel Skuf during an ISIS assault on a Peshmerga position. He was a member of a 20-man Quick Reaction Force (QRF)[107] sent to rescue a dozen U.S. advisors at the position and temporarily assist the Peshmerga.[108][109][110]
Tanlash va o'qitish
Before getting accepted into Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) training, a prospective candidate must pass a certain number of both mental and physical talablar.[111] These tests include: Pre-enlistment medical screening, ASVAB, AFQT, C-SORT, and PST. Then, the candidate must get a SEAL contract by passing the SEAL Physical Screening Test: 500-yard swim in 12:30, 50 push-ups in 2 minutes, 50 sit-ups in 2 minutes, 10 consecutive pull-ups in 2 minutes, and a 1.5-mile run in 10:30. Candidates receiving a passing score may then be admitted into training to become Navy SEALs.[112] SEAL training is extremely rigorous. The attrition rate fluctuates, but averages at about 80 percent.[113] The average candidate spends over a year in a series of formal training courses before being awarded the Special Warfare Operator Naval Rating va Dengiz kuchlari ro'yxatiga kiritilgan tasnif (NEC) 5326 Combatant Swimmer (SEAL) or, in the case of commissioned naval officers, the designation Naval Special Warfare (SEAL) Officer.
Navy SEAL training pipeline:
- 8-week Naval Recruit Training
- 8-week Naval Special Warfare Prep School (Pre-BUD/S)
- 3-Week BUD/S Orientation
- 24-week Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL Training (BUD/S)[114]
- 5-week Parachute Jump School
- 26-week SEAL Qualification Training (SQT)
Upon graduation from SQT, trainees receive the U.S. Navy SEAL Trident, designating them as Navy SEALs. They are subsequently assigned to a SEAL Team or SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV) Team and begin 18-months of predeployment training before they are considered deployable. This training consists of:[115][116]
- 6-month Professional Development – Individual Specialty Training (ProDev)
- 6-month Unit Level Training (ULT). ULT is unit training conducted by each Groups Training Detachment. Core unit training blocks are Air Operations, Land Warfare, Maritime, Urban and Special Reconnaissance.
- 6-month Squadron Integration Training (SIT)[117]
Those enlisted SEALs with a medical rating will first attend the Special Operations Combat Medic Course for 6 months in Fort Bragg, North Carolina[118] before joining a team in order to become a SEAL/Special Operator Corpsman. Those pursuing Officer positions first attend the Junior Officer Training Course (JOTC) to learn about operations planning and how to perform team briefings. In total it can take over 2.5 years to completely train a Navy SEAL for his first deployment.[115][116]
Ayollar
No woman has ever become a Navy SEAL.
Until December 2015, female sailors were barred from becoming Navy SEALs by naval regulation; however, this prohibition no longer exists. As early as August 2015, it was reported that the "Navy is planning to open its elite SEAL teams to women who can pass the grueling training regimen."[119] In that same month, Admiral Jon Greenert, the Chief of Naval Operations at the time, said that "he and the head of Naval Special Warfare Command, Rear Admiral Brian Losey, believe that if women can pass the legendary six-month Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) training, they should be allowed to serve."[119] On 3 December 2015, it was announced that there are now "no exceptions" to all military roles in the U.S., and women can become U.S. Navy SEALs.[120]
The Washington Examiner reported on 10 August 2017: "A woman aiming to become the first female Navy SEAL officer quit about a week into the initial training".[121] In 2019 the first woman completed Navy SEAL officer assessment and selection; however, she was not selected for a SEAL contract as she had not listed the SEALs as her top-choice warfighting community.[122]
Dengiz maxsus urush qo'mondonligi quyidagi konfiguratsiya bo'yicha tashkil etilgan:[123]
- Dengiz maxsus urushi guruhi 1: SEAL jamoalari 1, 3, 5, 7
- Dengiz maxsus urushi guruhi 2: SEAL jamoalari 2, 4, 8, 10
- Dengiz maxsus urushi guruhi 3: SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team 1, SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team 2
- Dengiz maxsus urushi guruhi 4: Maxsus qayiq jamoalari 12, 20, 22
- Naval Special Warfare Group 10: NSW Support Activity One, NSW Support Faoliyat Ikkinchi, Missiyani qo'llab-quvvatlash markazi ("maxsus razvedka, kuzatuv, razvedka va atrof-muhitni tayyorlash imkoniyatlarini tashkil etish, o'qitish, o'qitish, jihozlash, joylashtirish va qo'llab-quvvatlash")[124]
- Dengiz maxsus urushi guruhi 11: SEAL jamoalari 17, 18 (avvalgi nomi) Operatsion yordam guruhlari 1, 2)[125]
- Dengiz maxsus urushlarini rivojlantirish guruhi: Operativ ravishda tayinlangan JSOC (avval SEAL Team 6)
Xodimlarning umumiy soni, shu jumladan SEAL va SWCClar Dengiz Maxsus Urush qo'mondonligiga tayinlangan umumiy soni 8985 nafar harbiy xizmatchining taxminan 8.195 nafari va fuqarolik yordamchilarini o'z ichiga olgan 10166 nafar.[126]
SEAL Team
Asl SEAL jamoalari Vetnam urushi West Coast (Team One) va East Coast (Team Team) SEAL o'rtasida ajratilgan. Xuddi shu kabi hozirgi SEAL jamoalari ikki guruhga bo'lingan: Harbiy-dengiz maxsus guruhi Birinchi guruh (G'arbiy sohil) va Ikkinchi dengiz kuchlari guruhi (Sharqiy sohil), ikkalasi ham qo'mondonlik qiladi. Dengiz maxsus urush qo'mondonligi da NAB Coronado, Kaliforniya. 2006 yil holatiga ko'ra sakkizta tasdiqlangan dengiz kuchlari guruhi mavjud. Hozirgi SEAL Team tarqatish tarkibiga 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 va 10 jamoalari kiradi. Eng so'nggi faol jamoalar 2002 yil mart va aprel oylarida tuzilgan SEAL Team 7 va SEAL Team 10. .[127][128] Biroq, ikkitasi zahiradagi qo'llab-quvvatlash guruhlari 2008 yilda SEAL jamoalariga aylantirildi.[125][129]
Jamoalar dengiz maxsus jangovar otryadlari yoki maxsus operatsiyalarni bajaruvchi maxsus guruhlari sifatida joylashadi va dunyoning istalgan nuqtasida joylashishi mumkin. Odatda otryadlar joylashtiriladi va maxsus operatsiyalarni bajarish bo'yicha maxsus guruh (SOTF) sifatida Qo'shma Tezkor kuch (JTF) yoki Birlashgan qo'shma maxsus operatsiyalar maxsus guruhi (CJSOTF) tarkibiga kiradi.
Har bir SEAL Team (yoki "eskadron") Dengiz kuchlari tomonidan boshqariladi qo'mondon (O-5), va sakkizta operatsion SEAL vzvodi va shtab-kvartirasi elementi mavjud. Amaliy jihatdan "Jamoa" ikkitadan to'rttagacha 40 kishilik "vazifa bo'linmalariga" (yoki "qo'shinlar") bo'linadi. Har bir vazifa bo'limi vazifa bo'linmasining komandiridan tashkil topgan shtab elementidan iborat, odatda a komandir leytenant (O-4), yuqori martabali vazifa bo'linmasi (E-8), nishonga olish / operatsiya bo'yicha zobit (O-2/3) va nishonga olish / operatsiyalarga rahbarlik qiluvchi / bosh kichik ofitser (E-6/7). HQ elementi ostida 16 kishidan iborat ikkita-to'rtta SEAL vzvodi bor (ikkita ofitser va 14 ta harbiy xizmatga jalb qilingan SEALlar, ba'zan esa NSWga tegishli bo'lmagan xodimlar tayinlangan); tarkibidagi jangovar xizmatni qo'llab-quvvatlash (CSS) va / yoki jangovar yordam (CS) xodimlar N-kodlar (armiya va dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari S-kodlardan foydalanadi); N1 Ma'muriy qo'llab-quvvatlash, N2 Intelligence, N3 Operations, N4 Logistics, N5 Plans and Targeting, N6 Communications, N7 Training va N8 Air / Medical.
Har bir 16 kishilik vzvod operatsion maqsadlar uchun ikkita sakkiz kishilik otryadlar, to'rtta to'rt kishilik o't o'chirish guruhlari yoki sakkizta ikki kishilik snayperlar / razvedka guruhlari sifatida tashkil etilishi mumkin. Ikki-to'rtta vazifa bo'linmasi (jami sakkizta vzvodni o'z ichiga olgan) va yordamchi shtablari bo'lgan har bir SEAL "Team" yoki "эскадрилья" hajmi 300 ga yaqin xodimni tashkil qiladi. Odatda SEAL vzvodi OIC (mas'ul ofitser), odatda leytenant (O-3), vzvod boshlig'i (E-7 / E-8) va LTJG (O-2) va otryad tomonidan boshqariladigan ikkita otryadga ega. rahbar (E-6). Tarkibning qolgan a'zolari operatorlardir (E-4 dan E-6gacha), farmoyish berish, aloqa qilish, sho'ng'in va tibbiyot bo'yicha maxsus mahoratga ega. Qo'shin va vzvod tarkibidagi asosiy etakchi qo'mondon / OIC va katta harbiy xizmatga jalb qilingan NCO (katta bosh / bosh).
Vzvodning asosiy ko'nikmalari quyidagilardan iborat: Snayper, Buzg'unchi, Kommunikator, Dengizchilik / muhandislik, Yaqin havoni qo'llab-quvvatlash, Korpusman, Point-man / Navigator, Boshlang'ich haydovchi / Navigator (Qishloq / shahar / Himoya xavfsizligi), Og'ir qurollar operatori, Nozik sayt ekspluatatsiyasi, Havo Operatsiyalar ustasi, qo'rg'oshin alpinisti, qo'rg'oshinli sho'ng'in / navigator, tergovchi, portlovchi moddalarni yo'q qilish, texnik kuzatuv va ilg'or maxsus operatsiyalar.
Little Creek dengiz amfibiya bazasi, a dengiz bazasi yilda Virjiniya shtati, Virjiniya shtati, SEAL Team 2, 4, DEVGRU, 8, 10 va 18 jamoalari joylashgan. Coronado dengiz-amfibiya bazasi, dengiz bazasi Koronado, Kaliforniya, SEAL 1, 3, 5, 7 va 17 jamoalari joylashgan. Shuningdek, ikkitasi bor SEAL etkazib berish vositasi (SDV) birliklari, joylashgan SDVT-1 va SDVT-2 Pearl Harbor, Gavayi va Little Creek, Virjiniya navbati bilan.[130] SDV jamoalari - bu suv ostida etkazib berish qobiliyatiga ega bo'lgan SEAL jamoalari. SDV vzvod 12-15 ta muhrdan iborat. Maxfiy joylashtirilgan joylar:
| Belgilar | Jamoa | Joylashtirish | Vzvodlar soni | Bosh shtab | Izohlar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | SEAL Team 1 | Butun dunyo bo'ylab | 8 ta vzvod | Koronado, Kaliforniya | |
 | SEAL Team 2 | Butun dunyo bo'ylab | 8 ta vzvod | Virjiniya shtati, Virjiniya shtati | |
 | SEAL Team 3 | Yaqin Sharq | 8 ta vzvod | Koronado, Kaliforniya | |
 | SEAL Team 4 | Butun dunyo bo'ylab | 8 ta vzvod | Virjiniya shtati, Virjiniya shtati | |
 | SEAL Team 5 | Butun dunyo bo'ylab | 8 ta vzvod | Koronado, Kaliforniya | |
 | Dengiz maxsus urushlarini rivojlantirish guruhi | Butun dunyo bo'ylab | Tasniflangan | Virjiniya shtati, Virjiniya shtati | SEAL Team 6 1987 yilda tarqatib yuborilgan edi. Keyinchalik dengiz floti tomonidan harbiy xizmat tashkil etildi Dengiz maxsus urushlarini rivojlantirish guruhi, DEVGRU nomi bilan ham tanilgan. DEVGRU ma'muriy jihatdan qo'llab-quvvatlanmoqda Dengiz maxsus urush qo'mondonligi, ular operativ ravishda buyrug'i ostida Qo'shma maxsus operatsiyalar qo'mondonligi. |
 | SEAL Team 7 | Butun dunyo bo'ylab | 8 ta vzvod | Koronado, Kaliforniya | |
 | SEAL Team 8 | Butun dunyo bo'ylab | 8 ta vzvod | Virjiniya shtati, Virjiniya shtati | |
 | SEAL Team 10 | Yaqin Sharq | 8 ta vzvod | Virjiniya shtati, Virjiniya shtati | |
| SEAL Team 17 | Butun dunyo bo'ylab Zaxira | 2 ta vzvod | Koronado, Kaliforniya | Ilgari Operatsion qo'llab-quvvatlash jamoasi 1 | |
| SEAL Team 18 | Butun dunyo bo'ylab Zaxira | 2 ta vzvod | Virjiniya shtati, Virjiniya shtati | Ilgari Operatsion qo'llab-quvvatlash jamoasi 2 | |
 | SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team 1 | Hind va Tinch okeanlari, Yaqin Sharq[131] | 4 ta vzvod | Pearl Harbor, Gavayi[131] | |
| SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team 2 | Atlantika okeani, Evropa va Amerika qit'alari[131] | 4 ta vzvod | Virjiniya shtati, Virjiniya shtati[131] |
Urush uchun maxsus reytinglar
Maxsus Warfare Operator reytingi (SO) va Special Warfare Boat Operator reytingi (SB) 2006 yilda tashkil etilgan.[132] Maxsus Warfare Operators (SEALs) va Special Warfare Boat OperatorsSWCClar ) endi dengiz flotiga qo'shilgandan so'ng dastlabki reytingni saqlab turishlari shart emas.[133][134]
Quyidagi reytinglar Navy SEALs uchun xosdir:[135][136][137]
| Tezlik | Qisqartirish | To'lov darajasi | Maxsus urush reytingi | Qisqartirish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magistr bosh ofitser | MCPO | E-9 | Magistr bosh maxsus jangovar operator | SOCM |
| Katta bosh kichik ofitser | SCPO | E-8 | Katta bosh maxsus urush operatori | SOCS |
| Bosh kichik ofitser | CPO | E-7 | Bosh maxsus urush operatori | SOC |
| Kichik ofitser birinchi sinf | PO1 | E-6 | Birinchi darajali maxsus jangovar operator | SO1 |
| Kichik ofitser ikkinchi darajali | PO2 | E-5 | Maxsus urush operatori, ikkinchi darajali | SO2 |
| Kichik ofitser uchinchi sinf | PO3 | E-4 | Uchinchi darajali maxsus urush operatori | SO3 |
Dengiz parashyut jamoasi (NPT) ning asosiy vazifasi - parashyutda parvoz bilan namoyish qilish orqali tegishli nomzodlarga kirish va ta'sir qilish orqali dengiz maxsus urushini yollashni qo'llab-quvvatlash.[138] AQSh dengiz floti parashyut jamoasi - AQSh dengiz flotining muhrlaridan tashkil topgan o'n besh kishilik jamoa. Har bir a'zo jamoaga sharqiy va g'arbiy sohillarda joylashgan ikkita dengiz maxsus urush guruhlaridan biridan uch yillik safari uchun keladi. Ekskursiya tugagandan so'ng, a'zolar operatsion bo'linmalarga qaytadilar.[139] Parashyut jamoasi 1969 yilda Navy SEALs va Frogmenlar o'zlarining ixtiyoriy ravishda dam olish kunlari avia-shoularida ishtirok etishlari bilan boshlangan. Dastlab jamoa beshta jumperdan iborat edi: LCDR Olson, Shifokorlar Gagliardi, SK2 "Herky" Hertenshteyn, PR1 Al Shmiz va PH2 "Chip" Maury. Shmiz va Mauri asl "Chuting yulduzlari" ning a'zolari edi.[140] LCDR Olson Kaliforniyaga ko'chirilganda, UDT Eleven kompaniyasining PHC Gene "Gag" Gagliardi (D 546) uni mahalliy parashyut sport klublaridan biri bo'lgan San-Diego Skydivers bilan mahalliy sakrash elitasi bilan tanishtirdi. U PACIFIC harbiy-dengiz operatsiyalarini qo'llab-quvvatlash guruhini yuqori malakali erkin saklovchilar tarkibidan iborat kichik namoyish guruhini yaratishga ishontirdi. Uning faoliyati odatdagi rejalashtirilgan samolyotlardan tashqari, boshqa harbiy majburiyatlarga "aralashmaslik" asosida va hukumat uchun hech qanday xarajatsiz amalga oshirilishi kerak edi. Ushbu guruh oxir-oqibat "Leap Frog" nomini qabul qildi.[140]
Jamoa 1974 yilda AQSh Harbiy-dengiz floti parashyut jamoasi sifatida rasmiy ravishda dengiz floti boshlig'i tomonidan buyurtma qilingan va butun Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab dengiz kuchlarining mukammalligini namoyish etish vazifasini topshirgan. Sharqiy sohilda joylashgan "Chuting yulduzlari" 1980-yillarda dengiz floti tarkibidagi barcha rasmiy parashyut namoyishlarini qabul qilgan "sakrash qurbaqalari" bilan tarqatilgan.
Leap Frogs-ning odatdagi ko'rsatkichi 6000 fut balandlikda samolyotdan sakrab chiqadigan oltita saklovchidan iborat. Ba'zan tutun yoki oqim yordamida qulab tushgandan so'ng, Leap Froglar soyabonlarga nisbatan ish shakllanishini qurish uchun o'zlarining soyabonlarini bir-biriga uchirishadi. Namoyishlardan so'ng, Leap Baqalar o'zlarini jamoatchilikka taqdim etib, Dengiz kuchlari va Dengiz kuchlari maxsus urush jamoasiga oid savollarga javob berishadi, shuningdek avtograflar imzolaydilar.
Chet el birliklariga ta'sir
Oldingilaridan, Suv ostida buzish bo'yicha jamoalar, hozirgi shaklda SEALlar bir nechta xorijiy bo'linmalarning o'qitilishi va shakllanishiga ta'sir ko'rsatdi. 1955 yilda suv osti qirg'in guruhlari ular uchun mablag 'va treninglar o'tkazdilar Koreya Respublikasi harbiy-dengiz floti, UDT / SEALs nomi bilan ham tanilgan. Buning ortidan 1956 yilda moliyalashtirish, o'qitish va tashkil etish ta'minlandi Filippin dengiz kuchlari suv osti operatsiyalari guruhi (UOT), AQSh harbiy dengiz kuchlari va UDTlarni tayyorlash va amalga oshirishda namunalar. 1966 yilda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Dengiz kuchlari SEALs Pokistonnikini tashkil etdi Maxsus xizmat guruhi (dengiz kuchlari) o'zaro xavfsizlik tushunchasi va doirasida o'tkazilgan treningga asoslangan IMET dasturi 1970 yillarga qadar.[141] AQSh dengiz kuchlari dengiz kuchlari Hindiston dengiz kuchlari maxsus kuchlariga dastlabki tayyorgarlikdan o'tdilar, keyinchalik ular nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi MARKOS.[142]
Amerikaning eng yaxshi maxsus operatsiyalar kuchlaridan biri bo'lgan obro'si tufayli SEALlar (xususan operatorlar) DEVGRU ) ko'pincha ittifoqdosh SOFlar bilan almashinuvni amalga oshiradi.[78][143][144]
The Milliy dengiz floti UDT-SEAL muzeyi, yilda Fort-Pirs, Florida, 1985 yilda tashkil etilgan[145] va Kongress akti bilan Milliy muzey sifatida tan olingan.[146] Muzey dengiz floti va ularning salaflari tarixini saqlashga bag'ishlangan. SEAL muzeyi birinchi dengiz floti qurbaqalarini tayyorlash joyida joylashgan. Ikkinchi Jahon urushi orqali u erda minglab harbiy xizmatchilar a'zo sifatida o'qitilgan Dengiz janglarini buzish birliklari va Suv ostida buzish bo'yicha jamoalar. Muzeyda UDT tashkil topgan kundan hozirgi kungacha bo'lgan noyob tarixiy asarlar, shu jumladan qurol-yarog ', transport vositalari, jihozlar va so'nggi qo'shilgan narsalar saqlanadi. Maersk Alabama bortida qutqaruv qayig'i Somali qaroqchilari kapitan Richard Fillipsni garovda ushlab turdi.
Navy SEAL muzeyining ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 2018 yil mart oyi holatiga ko'ra 298 UDT va SEALs halok bo'ldi va o'quv baxtsiz hodisalari paytida vafot etdi:[147]
- Ikkinchi jahon urushi va Koreya urushi (1941–1953):
- 96 xodim
- Vetnam va Sovuq urush (1954–1989):
- 104 xodim
- Cho'l bo'roni va Terrorizmga qarshi urush (1990 yil - 2018 yil mart):
- 98 xodim
Galereya
SEAL Tridents
SEALs kemada o'quv missiyasiga tayyorlanmoqda USS Jorj Vashington
Yuqorida tepada joylashgan "Leap Frogs" parashyut jamoasi San-Diego
SEALs Bassac daryosidan Vetnamdagi Seal Team Assault Boat (STAB) bilan harakatlanmoqda, 1967 y
Qurollarini nishonga olgan ikkita muhr
A paytida muhrlar VBSS qo'llab-quvvatlash bo'yicha trening Iroq ozodligi operatsiyasi
SEAL jamoasi a'zolari jangovar taktik mashg'ulotlarda qatnashadilar
SEALS a paytida kavisli zinapoyaga ko'tariladi VBSS trening
Suvdan chiqqan SEAL Team
Quyosh botishi paytida muhr
AQSh harbiy-dengiz flotining asosiy suv osti qirg'in-SEAL (BUD-S) o'quvchilari mashq paytida orolga qirg'oqqa chiqib ketishdi.
SEAL shimoliy Zabul viloyatidagi qishloqda mudofaa pozitsiyasini egallaydi, Afg'oniston, 2010 yil 10 aprel
SEALlar qishki urush qobiliyatini namoyish etadi.
SEAL vzvodi quruqlikdagi urush namoyishlarini o'tkazmoqda
Shuningdek qarang
- Ground Mobility Vehicle - (AQSh) SOCOM dasturi
- Kommando Spezialkräfte dengiz piyodalari - Urushdan keyingi nemis qo'mondoni amfibiya urushi kuchi
- Commandos Marine - Frantsiya dengiz kuchlarining maxsus operatsion kuchlari
- JW Formoza - Polsha maxsus kuchlari bo'linmasi - polshalik ekvivalenti
- Shayetet 13 - Isroil dengiz kuchlarining maxsus operatsiyalar bo'limi
- MARKOS - Hindiston dengiz flotining maxsus operatsion kuchlari
- KOMSUBIN - Italiya harbiy-dengiz kuchlarining maxsus operatsion kuchlari
- USGN (unité special de la garde nationale) suivent la même shakllantirish en milieu maritime and désertique
- Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining dengiz flotlari ro'yxati - Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining dengiz flotlari va suv osti qirg'in guruhlarining taniqli hozirgi va sobiq a'zolari
- Harbiy maxsus kuchlar bo'linmalarining ro'yxati - Vikipediya ro'yxatidagi maqola
- Dengiz maxsus urushlarini rivojlantirish guruhi, shuningdek, SEAL Team Six nomi bilan tanilgan, ikkita premyeradan biri maxsus topshiriqlar bo'limlari to'liq harbiy dengiz kuchlari tomonidan boshqariladigan AQSh qurolli kuchlari
- Ommabop madaniyatdagi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz floti SEALlari
Izohlar
Adabiyotlar
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Bibliografiya
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Tashqi havolalar
- Rasmiy veb-sayt
- Qo'shma Shtatlar dengiz floti parashyut jamoasi - rasmiy veb-sayt
- "Dengiz kuchlari to'g'risidagi ma'lumot: Navy SEALs". San-Diego: AQSh dengiz floti. Aprel 2002. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2005 yil 3 martda. Olingan 25 iyun 2006.
- Peterson, leytenant Kmdr Erik (iyun 2009). "AQSh dengiz flotining strategik yordam dasturi". Magistrlik dissertatsiyasi (dtic.mil). Dengiz aspiranturasi maktabi.
- Muhr Aytilmagan qurbonlik ko'rgazma Pritsker harbiy muzeyi va kutubxonasi
- Makkoy, Sheyn T. (2004 yil avgust). "Nyuton qonunini sinovdan o'tkazish", "All Hands" jurnali, p. 33.
- Obringer, Li Ann. "Dengiz kuchlari muhrlari qanday ishlaydi". Qanday narsalar ishlaydi. Olingan 14 iyun 2006.
- Navy SEALs 50 - AQSh dengiz flotining tashkil etilganligining 50 yilligini nishonlash
- Navy SEALs ethos
- USS Maykl Mansur
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| Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari AFSOC | ||
| Maxsus missiya bo'linmalari JSOC |
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| Teatr maxsus Amaliyot buyruqlari | ||
Manba: SOCOM 2013 faktlar kitobi | ||
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