Northanger Abbey - Northanger Abbey - Wikipedia

Ushbu maqola 1817 yilgi roman haqida. Romanning moslashuvi uchun qarang Jeyn Ostin ommaviy madaniyatda § Northanger Abbey (1817).
"General Tilney" bu erga yo'naltiradi. Brigada Tilney uchun qarang Robert Tilni.

Northanger Abbey
NorthangerPersuasionTitlePage.jpg
1818 yilgi asl nashrining sarlavha sahifasi
MuallifJeyn Ostin
MamlakatBirlashgan Qirollik
TilIngliz tili
NashriyotchiJon Myurrey
Nashr qilingan sana
1817 yil dekabr
OldingiEmma  
Dan so'ngIshontirish  

Northanger Abbey (/ˈn.rθæŋar/) a yoshga to'lgan roman va a gotika romanlari satirasi[1] tomonidan yozilgan Jeyn Ostin. U 1803 yilda yakunlandi, Ostinning birinchi romanlari to'liq to'ldirildi, ammo 1817 yilda vafotidan keyin nashr etildi. Ishontirish.[2] Hikoya tashvishga solmoqda Ketrin Morland, sodda yosh qahramon va o'zini va atrofdagi dunyoni yaxshiroq anglash uchun sayohati.[3][4]

Uchastkaning qisqacha mazmuni

O'n yetti yoshli Ketrin Morland - mamlakat ruhoniysining o'n farzandidan biri. Garchi a tomboy bolaligida, 17 yoshida u "qahramon qizni tayyorlashda" va o'qishni juda yaxshi ko'radi Gotik romanlar, ular orasida Ann Radcliffe Ning Udolpho sirlari sevimli.

Ketrinni Allens (uning Fullertondagi boy qo'shnilari) shaharga tashrif buyurish uchun hamrohlik qilishga taklif qiladi Vanna va qishda ishtirok eting mavsum to'plar, teatr va boshqa ijtimoiy lazzatlar. Tez orada u aqlli yosh janob bilan tanishdi, Genri Tilni, u kim bilan raqsga tushadi va suhbatlashadi. Missis Allenning eski maktab do'sti Torp xonim orqali u qizi Izabella bilan, serjahl va noz-karashma bilan uchrashadi va ikkalasi tezda do'st bo'lishadi. Tomp xonimning o'g'li Jon ham Ketrinning akasi Jeymsning do'sti, u ikkalasi ham talaba bo'lgan Oksfordda.

Torpaliklar Ketrinning Tilneylar bilan do'stligidan mamnun emaslar, chunki ular Genrini Ketrinning mehr-muhabbati uchun raqib sifatida to'g'ri qabul qilishadi, garchi Ketrin xom Jon Torp bilan umuman qiziqmasa ham. Ketrin Torpes va Tilneys bilan do'stligini saqlab qolishga harakat qiladi, Jon Torp esa Tilneys bilan munosabatlarini buzishga doimo harakat qiladi. Bu bir nechta tushunmovchiliklarga olib keladi, bu esa Ketrinni o'zini Tilneylarga tushuntirishga majbur qiladigan noqulay ahvolga keltirdi.

Izabella va Jeyms unashtirildi. Jeymsning otasi o'yinni ma'qullaydi va o'g'liga qishloq parsonining hayotini taklif qiladi kamtarona summani, har yili 400 funt sterlingni tashkil etadi, ammo ular uni qo'lga kiritguncha kutishlari kerak manfaat ikki yarim yil ichida. Izabella bundan norozi, ammo Ketrin u o'zining qayg'usini summaning qiymati bilan emas, balki faqat kechikish bilan bog'liq deb noto'g'ri ko'rsatmoqda. Izabella darhol Genrining akasi kapitan Tilni bilan noz qilishni boshlaydi. Begunoh Ketrin do'stining xatti-harakatlarini tushuna olmaydi, lekin Genri juda yaxshi tushunadi, chunki u akasining fe'l-atvori va odatlarini biladi.

Tilneylar Ketrinni bir necha hafta o'zlarining uylarida, Northanger Abbeyda yashashga taklif qilishadi. Ketrin, uning yangi o'qishiga muvofiq, abbat ekzotik va qo'rqinchli bo'lishini kutmoqda. Genri unga bu haqda masxara qiladi, chunki Northanger Abbey yoqimli va Gothic emas. Biroq, uyga sirli xonalar to'plami kiradi, u hech kim hech qachon kirmaydi; Ketrin ularning to'qqiz yil oldin vafot etgan Tilni xonimning kvartiralari ekanligini bilib oladi. General Tilni endi uning o'limiga yomon ta'sir qilmayotgani sababli, Ketrin uni o'ldirgan yoki hattoki o'z xonasida qamagan bo'lishi mumkin degan qarorga keladi.

Ketrin o'zining haddan tashqari faol hayollari uni adashtirganini aniqladi, chunki kvartiralarda hech narsa g'alati yoki bezovta qilmaydi. Afsuski, Genri uni savolga tutadi; u otasi xotinini o'ziga yarasha sevishini va uning o'limidan chinakamiga xafa bo'lganini aytadi.[5] U Genri hurmatini butunlay yo'qotib qo'yganimdan qo'rqib, yig'lab yuboradi. Ketrin o'zining qanday ahmoqligini tushunib, romanlar yoqimli bo'lsa ham, ularning mazmuni kundalik hayot bilan bog'liq emasligiga ishonadi. Genri bu voqeani unga boshqa eslamaydi.

Jeyms unga Izabella bilan bo'lgan munosabatini buzganligi va uning o'rniga kapitan Tilni bilan unashtirilganligini xabar qilish uchun yozadi. Genri va Eleanor Tilni akalarining Izabella Thorp bilan unashtirilganiga shubha bilan qarashadi. Ketrin Izabellaning qanday insofsiz odam ekanligini tushunib, juda hafsalasi pir bo'ldi. Izabellaning keyingi xati Tilni aka-ukalarning shubhalarini tasdiqlaydi va Frederik Tilni shunchaki Izabellani sevib yurganligini ko'rsatadi. General Londonga jo'naydi va Northanger Abbeydagi atmosfera uning yo'qligi uchun darhol engilroq va yoqimli bo'ladi. Ketrin Genri va Eleonora bilan bir necha zavqli kunlarni o'tkazadi, Genri yo'qligida general keskin ravishda qaytib keladi. U Ketrinni ertasi kuni erta tongda uyiga borishga majbur qiladi, bu hayratda qoldiradigan, mehmondo'st va xavfli harakat bilan Ketrinni 110 km yo'lni yakka o'zi bosib o'tishga majbur qiladi.

Uyda Ketrin beparvo va baxtsiz. Genri kutilmaganda tashrif buyurib, nima bo'lganini tushuntiradi. General Tilni (Jon Torpning noto'g'ri ma'lumotlari bo'yicha) uni Allensning bo'lajak merosxo'ri sifatida nihoyatda boy va shuning uchun Genri uchun munosib o'yin deb ishongan edi. Londonda general Tilni Thorp bilan yana uchrashdi, u Ketrinning turmush qurishning yarimta taklifidan bosh tortganidan g'azablanib, mayda-chuyda o'rniga uning deyarli qashshoqligini aytdi. G'azablangan general Tilni, (yana Jon Torpning noto'g'ri ma'lumoti haqida), Ketrinni haydab chiqarish uchun uyiga qaytdi. Genri Northangerga qaytib kelganda, otasi unga nima bo'lganini aytib berdi va Ketrin haqida yana o'ylashni taqiqladi. Genri unga qanday munosabatda bo'lganini bilgach, u otasidan ayrilib, Ketringa otasining noroziligiga qaramay, hali ham unga uylanmoqchi ekanligini aytadi. Ketrin xursand, garchi Genri ota-onasining roziligini so'raganda, ular yosh juftlikka yakuniy ma'qullash faqat general Tilni rozilik berganida bo'ladi, deb aytishadi.

Oxir oqibat general Tilni sotib oladi, chunki Eleonora boy va unvonli odam bilan unashtirilgan. va u Morlandlar nihoyatda boy bo'lmasada, qashshoqlikdan yiroqligini aniqlaydi.

Belgilar

Ketrin Morland romanning 1833 yilgi nashridan illyustratsiyada

Ketrin Morland: Romanning 17 yoshli sodda qahramoni Ketrin hayot tajribasiga ega emas, ammo odamlarning eng yaxshi tomonlarini ko'rishga qat'iy qaror qiladi. Uning tashqi qiyofasi "yoqimli va tashqi qiyofasi chiroyli bo'lsa".[6] Uning Gothic romanlariga bo'lgan muhabbati va faol tasavvurlari uning voqealarni talqin qilishini buzishi mumkin. U shirin va xushmuomalali fe'l-atvorga ega va nazokatli, ammo sodda, roman oxirigacha odamlarning harakatlarida g'arazli niyatlarni ko'rmaydi. U Genri Tilni bilan kinoyali hazilga bo'lgan muhabbatini baham ko'radi. Romanda Ketrin vannada tashqi dunyoga duch kelganidan keyin u odamlarning tabiatini yaxshiroq anglash uchun o'sib ulg'aygan va o'sib ulg'ayganida ta'qib qilinadi.[7]

Jeyms Morland: Ketrinning Oksford universitetida o'qiyotgan akasi singlisini va ota-onasini ko'rish uchun kutilmaganda Vanga tashrif buyuradi. U singlisi singari kamtar, yoqimtoy va ko'ngilchan, lekin u juda yaxshi fe'l-atvorli hakam emas va qalb masalalariga kelsak, u ham naif va ham beg'ubor.[8]

Genri Tilni: 26 yoshli qiziquvchan, yaxshi o'qigan ruhoniy, Eleanor va Frederik Tilnining ukasi va boy Tilni oilasining a'zosi. U Ketrinning sevgisi va roman davomida hissiyotlarini qaytarish uchun keladi va oxir-oqibat unga uylanadi. U istehzoli, intuitiv, juda chiroyli va tabiatan aqlli. U Ketrindan boshqalarning fe'l-atvori va asosiy niyatlariga mosligi bilan ajralib turadi va atrofdagilarning ahmoqligida o'yin-kulgini topadi.[9]

Jon Torp: Izabella Torpning ukasi, Jon takabbur va maqtanchoq yigit. Dahshatli suhbatdosh, u otlari va aravalaridan boshqa hech narsa haqida gapirmaydi; u baland ovozda, xiralashgan, o'zini o'ta qattiq tutadigan, qasoskor va qo'pol, hatto o'z onasiga ham. Jon dastlab Ketringa qiziqadi va unga tobora ko'proq egalik qiladi, lekin u Genri Tilni uni yaxshi ko'rishini bilgach, vaziyatni o'z xohishiga ko'ra boshqarish usullarini topadi.[10]

Izabella va Ketrin qo'lda va qo'lda yurib, rasmda H. M. Brok romanning 1904 yildagi nashridan

Izabella Torp: Jon Torpning singlisi, Izabella - 21 yoshli go'zal va maftunkor ayol, u o'z maqsadiga mos kelsa, jirkanch va manipulyativ bo'lishi mumkin. U boy erini qidirib, Vanga tashrif buyuradi. U Bathda Ketrin bilan do'stlashadi va oilaviy boyligi haqida bilganida, Ketrinning akasi Jeyms Morland bilan qiziqadi va oxir-oqibat u qabul qilgan nikoh taklifini olishga muvaffaq bo'ladi, ammo keyinchalik u Jeymsni faqatgina olishini bilgach, bu aloqani buzadi. merosining ozgina qismi va turmush qurishdan oldin ikki yil kutishga majbur.[11]

Bosh Tilni: Qattiq va iste'fodagi general, u uchta farzandining despotik otasi: kapitan Tilni (Frederik), Genri va Eleanor.[12] Tabiatdagi qattiqqo'l, dabdabali va moddiy narsalarga ega general Tilni ko'p vaqtini Northanger Abbeydagi mulkiga g'amxo'rlik qilish bilan o'tkazadi.[12] Vaqtni qat'iyat bilan bajaradigan va "qattiq kemani ushlab turishga" qat'iy qaror qilgan General Tilni tabiatan egiluvchan va har qanday kishiga yoki ish jadvaliga putur etkazadigan yoki uning tartibini buzadigan har qanday narsaga mutlaqo yoqmaydi.[12] Ba'zilar uning qiyin shaxsiyati uning xotinini yillar oldin yo'qotganligi bilan bog'liqmi yoki yo'qmi deb taxmin qilishlari mumkin (xotini Eleonora bolaligida vafot etgan),[12] va o'z farzandlarini yolg'iz tarbiyalash bilan shug'ullanish; ammo, aniq narsa shundaki, u nafaqat o'z farzandlariga, balki Ketringa nisbatan yomon munosabatida ham qo'pol muomalada. General Tilni butun roman davomida o'z oilasini rivojlantirish va ijtimoiy qabul qilishga e'tiborini qaratadi,[12] hatto turmush qurish masalasida ham buni eng ustuvor vazifaga aylantiradi. Aslida general Tilni o'z oilasining ismi va boyligi haqida shunchalik tashvishlanadiki, u farzandlari kimga uylanishi mumkin va mumkin emasligini boshqarishga harakat qiladi, ayniqsa Genrining Ketringa bo'lgan muhabbati bilan bog'liq.[12] Jon Torpening noto'g'ri mish-mishlari tufayli general Tilnining Ketrin haqidagi tushunchasi, uni bir paytlar uni yuqori darajada hurmat qilgani,[12] u boy oiladan chiqqan deb o'ylab; ammo, keyin g'azablangan Jon Torp Ketrin oilasi aslida qashshoq ekanligini general Tilneyga aytganda, u Genrining Ketrin bilan turmush qurish taklifini rad etadi.[12] Oxiri, qizi zodagonga uylanganidan keyin,[12] General Tilneyning g'azabi bosilib, Ketrin aslida kamtarin oiladan chiqqanligi haqidagi haqiqatni aniqlagach, u nihoyat Genri va Ketrinning turmushiga rozilik beradi.[12] Keyingi tahlillardan so'ng General Tilneyning xatti-harakati va munosabati bizning e'tiborimizni Jeyn Ostin davrida keng tarqalgan ijtimoiy muammolarga qaratadi.[12]

Eleanor Tilni: U Frederik va Genri Tilnining singlisi va zolim general Tilnining qizi.[13] Keyinchalik Bath shahriga tashrif buyurib, Ketrin Morland bilan do'stligi roman o'rtalarida boshlanadi;[13] ammo, bu kechikishga qaramay, u akasi Genri kabi shirin, mehribon va kamtar,[13] va o'zini Ketrin uchun Isabelaga qaraganda ancha sodiq do'st ekanligini isbotlamoqda.[13] Afsuski, uning "Vanna" dagi roli unchalik katta emas, chunki u aksariyat vaqtni Ketrin va Anri uchun xizmat ko'rsatuvchi sifatida o'tkazadi,[13] ammo ularning barchasi Northanger Abbeyga qaytib borganlarida narsalar yaxshi tomonga buriladi.[13] Ketrin va Eleanoraning do'stligi va Genrining sevgisi tufayli Ketrin ular bilan Northanger Abbeyda bo'lishga taklif qilinadi,[13] ular ushbu imkoniyatdan shaxsiy darajada bir-birlarini yaxshiroq bilish uchun foydalanadilar.[13] Bu erda Eleanora onasining yo'qligi sababini tushuntiradi, biz Tilni xonim og'ir kasallik tufayli vafot etganini aniqlaymiz,[13] janob Tilneyni uchta bolasi bilan o'zi boqish uchun qoldirdi.[14] Ketrin bilan do'stligi va Northanger Abbeyda birga bo'lgan vaqtlaridan tashqari, Eleanora roman davomida boshqa rol o'ynamaydi, faqat u otasini Ketrin va Genriga turmushga chiqishga ruxsat berishiga ishontirishdan tashqari.[13]

Frederik Tilni: U Genri Tilni va Eleanor Tilnining katta akasi va Shimoliy Xonadon merosxo'ridir.[15] Frederik armiyada ofitser,[15] chiroyli va zamonaviy qiyofasi bilan ayollardan foydalanib, unga bir oz dalda berishga tayyor (lekin uning tarafidan hech qanday jiddiy niyat yo'q).[15] Bu uning Izabella Torp bilan bo'lgan muomalasi davomida aniq ko'rinib turibdi, Genri Katrinaga akasining shaxsiyatini tasvirlab berar ekan, u "Frederik tetik va ehtimol ba'zan o'ylamaydigan yigit; u [Frederik] sening bilan bir haftaga yaqin tanishgan do'stim [Izabella], va u uning tanishini deyarli bilgan vaqtidayoq bilgan ", (19.26).[16] Biroq, Frederik Izabella bilan o'zaro munosabatlarni bir qadam oldinga suradi va Ketrinning akasi Jeyms Morland bilan aloqasini buzishga muvaffaq bo'ldi.[16] "Kapitan" nomi bilan tanilgan Frederik Jamiyatning erkaklar va ayollar uchun xulq-atvori uchun dual standartlarini namoyish etadi.[16] Shuningdek, u Tilneylar oilasining tasavvufiga qo'shimcha qiladi: Ota singari, O'g'il singari.[16] Frederikning xatti-harakatlari Genri va Eleanorani yanada xayrixoh personajlarga aylantiradi va uning Izabellani buzishi uning fe'l-atvori uchun ham xuddi shunday.[16] Aslida, ko'pgina o'quvchilar Frederikni faqat xudbin, ochko'z va muruvvatli narsa deb bilishadi.[16]

Janob Allen: Garchi uning hikoyasida uning roli minimal bo'lsa ham, u missis Allenning xira xatti-harakatlariga toqat qiladigan g'oyatgin, ammo mehribon odam.[17] U Ketrin va uning rafiqasiga uni podagra bilan davolanayotgan Vanna bilan birga borishlariga ruxsat beradi.[18] U tez-tez otalik vazifasini bajaradi, Ketrin uchun qo'riqchi sifatida xizmat qiladi,[17] Ayniqsa, u Genri Tilni bilan bo'lgan ishqiy munosabatlariga qiziqqanida, "sherigi kimligini bilish uchun azob chekkan",[18] ularning birinchi uchrashuvidan keyin. Janob Allen bu juftlikni ma'qullaydi, chunki Tilnining obro'si uni hayratga soladi.[18]

Missis Allen: Juda xira, befarzand ayol, Alen xonim Morlandning qo'shnisi[19] Ketrinni u va uning eri ta'tilga hammomga borishga taklif qiladi.[19] U kiyimdan va uning narxi qancha bo'lishidan boshqa narsa haqida o'ylamaydi va aksariyat suhbatlardan juda kam narsani eslaydi, shunchaki atrofdagilar ularga aytgan narsalarni takrorlaydi.[19] Vanna safari chog'ida Ketrinni qo'riqchi sifatida xizmat qilishi kerak bo'lgan Allen xonim mustaqil ravishda fikr yuritishga qodir emas, chunki Ketrinni ijtimoiy vaziyatlarda to'g'ri boshqarishi mumkin emas.[19] U internat maktabida o'n besh yil oldin tanigan ayol Torp bilan uchrashadi,[19] bu uning va Ketrinning ko'p vaqtlarini Thorpes bilan Bathda o'tkazishiga olib keladi.[19]

Tarkibi

Ostinning singlisi Kassandra 1817 yilda vafot etganidan keyin yozgan yozuvlarga ko'ra, roman 1798 yoki 1799 yillarda tugagan.[20] 17-asrning 90-yillari boshlarida Ostinning "juveniliya" siga o'xshash o'xshashlik, faqatgina Ostinlar oilasi qadrlashi mumkin bo'lgan bir nechta hazil-mutoyibalar bilan birga, kitob o'sha davrda, ehtimol taxminan 1794 yilda boshlangan.[20] Biroq, 1794 yildan keyin nashr etilgan bir nechta gotik romanlarga havolalar Ostinning taxminan 1798 yoki 1799 yilgacha Kassandra Ostin eslaganidek, kitobni tugatmaganligini anglatadi.[21] Olim Sezil Emden romanning "Vanna" qismida tasvirlangan Ketrin va Ketrinning Shimoliy Xojayin abbatligidagi farqlari Ostinning hayotining boshqa bosqichida kitobni boshlaganidan ko'ra tugatishi bilan bog'liq deb ta'kidladi.[22]

Asosiy mavzular

Ostinning barcha romanlarida bo'lgani kabi, jamiyat, mavqei, xulq-atvori va axloqi mavzulariga bag'ishlangan. Northanger Abbeyammo, xronologik ravishda Ostin tomonidan yakunlangan birinchi roman (garchi u keyinchalik hayotida qayta ko'rib chiqilgan bo'lsa ham) va ayniqsa, "jasorat bilan o'zini aldab qo'yadigan jasorat" natijasida boshqa ishidan "chiqish nuqtasi" deb hisoblangan. soddaligi keng va jasur hazil bilan "[23] ushbu matnga xos bo'lgan bir nechta asosiy mavzularni o'z ichiga oladi. Bunday mavzularga quyidagilar kiradi:

Yuqori jamiyatning murakkabliklari va bezovtaligi, xususan sheriklarni tanlash va sevgi uchun nikoh mojarolari. Ketrin hammomga kirganda, u duch keladigan ijtimoiy muhitdan bexabar. Matnda ta'kidlanishicha, uning onasi ham yuqori jamiyat haqida kam ma'lumotga ega,[23] bu nima uchun Ostin boyligi tufayli Ketrinni jamiyatda o'zidan yuqori martabali Allens bilan juftlashishini tushuntiradi. Jamiyat, ayniqsa, sheriklarni tanlashga katta ta'sir ko'rsatadi Northanger Abbey, masalan general Tilni, boylik nomutanosibligi tufayli Genri va Ketrinning sevgisini rad etadi. General Tilney faqat Genri va Ketrinning turmushini Eleonora Tilni boy odam bilan unashtirgandan keyin qabul qiladi.[24] Bundan tashqari, Ketrin o'zini Jon Torpdan uzoqlashtiradi, garchi u jamiyatda u uchun "yaxshi" o'yin deb hisoblansa. Aksincha, Ketrin sevgi va do'stlikni jasorat bilan o'rnini egallashdan va martabadan ko'ra munosibroq qilib qo'yadi, Isabeldan farqli o'laroq, romanni ikkita singan nishon bilan yakunlaydi.

Hayot xuddi Gothic romanidagi kabi yashadi (go'yo hayot badiiy adabiyot bilan bir xil edi), xavf va fitna bilan to'lgan va gotikaning barcha narsalariga berilib ketgan. Garchi Ostin o'z o'quvchilariga romanlarni o'qishni juda da'vat etsa-da, Ketrin hayotni fantastika bilan ajratib olishni va juda faol tasavvuriga ega bo'lishni o'rganishi kerak. Ketrin general Tilnini xotinini o'ldirishda yoki qamab qo'yishda ayblaganida, u haqiqatan ham haqiqat emasligi aniqlanganda, u Genri uni jazolaganidek, xo'rlanadi: "'Mening so'zlarim qiyin bo'lganidek, siz dahshatga tushgansiz. Miss Morland, o'zingizni shubha ostiga qo'yganingizning dahshatli xususiyatini ko'rib chiqing. Siz nimadan hukm qildingiz? "[25] Buning ustiga, Ketrin o'likdir va Genri yovvoyi taxminlari uchun u haqida kamroq o'ylaydi, degan tushunchadan hayajonlanadi. O'zini aks ettirganda, Ketrin Gothic romanlarini kundalik hayot haqidagi hukmidan ajratishi kerakligini aytadi. Bu romanda katta taraqqiyot bo'lib xizmat qiladi, chunki bu Ketrinning etukligi va romanlarni darhol uning xatti-harakatlari va fikrlariga tatbiq etmasdan qadrlash qobiliyatidir.

Yoshlarni mulohazali voyaga etish, xayolotni yo'qotish, beg'uborlik va yaxshi niyat. Ketrin o'zining hayollarini boshqarar ekan, u bir vaqtning o'zida shaxslarning o'zlarini tutishlari kerak bo'lgan xatti-harakatlariga toqat qilmoqda. Eng ko'zga ko'ringan tomoni, Ketrin u boshqalarga, masalan, unga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatadigan Izabellanga ishonmasligini, balki bir fikrli va mustaqil bo'lishini tushunadi. Isabella, Jeyms Morland bilan bo'lgan munosabatlaridan qat'i nazar, Frederik Tilni bilan noz-karashma qiladi, Jeyms bilan bo'lgan munosabatini buzadi, Frederik uni tashlaydi va o'zini katta sharmanda qiladi. Ketrin Izabellaning ta'sirining noto'g'riligini, Torpes uning Genri va Eleanor Tilni bilan uchrashuvini erta o'tkazib yuborishiga olib kelganida,[25] lekin akasiga qarshi dahshatli huquqbuzarlik sodir bo'lmaguncha, Ketrin o'zini do'stligidan butunlay ajratib qo'ydi, u endi hech qachon Isabella bilan gaplashmasligi mumkin va u o'ylagandek xafa emas.[25] Ushbu sahna Ketrinning gotik romanlarga bag'ishlangan darsidan deyarli darhol sodir bo'lganligi sababli, bu uning etukligining ortib borayotganining aniq belgisidir.

Shaxsiy o'sish uchun qimmatli vosita sifatida o'qish. Ostinning roviyning eng jasoratli e'lonlaridan birida, roviy Northanger Abbey romanlarni o'qishning ahamiyati haqida xitob qiladi: "Men roman mualliflari bilan shunchalik keng tarqalgan, bejiz va odobsiz odatlarni o'zlarining soniga qo'shib qo'yadigan spektakllarni o'zlarining nafrat bilan tanqid qilishlari bilan kamsitadigan odatlarni qabul qilmayman. bu kabi asarlarga eng qattiq epitetlarni berishdagi eng katta dushmanlar va ularni o'z qahramonlari tomonidan o'qishga deyarli hech qachon ruxsat bermaganlar, agar u tasodifan romanni qo'lga kiritsa, uning betakror sahifalarini nafrat bilan aylantiradi. bitta romanni boshqasining qahramoni qo'llab-quvvatlamaydi, u kimdan himoya va e'tibor kutishi mumkin? Men buni ma'qullay olmayman ".[25] Ushbu mashhur daqiqada Ostinning roviysi romanlarni o'qiganlarni haqorat qilishda ikkiyuzlamachilikni tan oladi. Shuningdek, ushbu matnda "yaxshi" va yaxshi ma'lumotga ega bo'lganlar Genri va Eleanor Tilni singari romanlarni o'qishlari aniq ko'rsatib o'tilgan. Masalan, Jon Torp, romanlarni o'qimaydigan,[25] matnning kadridir. Bundan tashqari, Ketrinning xayolparastligi va bolaligining farqi shundaki, u roman janrining bevosita aybi emas, balki uning qotil general Tilni haqidagi fantaziyasini rag'batlantiradi.

Nashr

Dastlab Osten romanini sotdi, so'ngra sarlavha bilan nomlandi Syuzan, 1803 yilda Londonning Crosby & Co. kitob sotuvchisiga 10 funt sterling evaziga. Ushbu noshir asarni chop etmadi, balki qo'lyozmani ushlab turdi.[2] Xabarlarga ko'ra, Ostin o'z ishini ulardan qaytarib olish bilan tahdid qilgan, ammo Crosby & Co o'z matnini qaytarib olish uchun qonuniy oqibatlarga olib kelishi haqida javob bergan.[26] 1816 yil bahorida kitob sotuvchisi uni yozuvchining akasi Genri Ostinga qaytarib, ular to'lagan pulga sotdi. Ostinning 1816–1817 yillarda romani nashr etilishi niyatida uni qayta ko'rib chiqqanligi haqida dalillar mavjud. U bo'limlarni qayta yozdi, asosiy qahramon Ketrinning nomini o'zgartirdi va uni o'zining ish nomi sifatida ishlatdi.

O'limdan keyin Ostinning ukasi Genri romanga so'nggi nomini berdi va nashr etilishini tashkil qildi Northanger Abbey 1817 yil dekabr oyining oxirida (1818 sarlavha sahifasida berilgan), to'rt jildli to'plamning dastlabki ikki jildi sifatida, birinchi marotaba Djeyn Ostenni o'zining barcha romanlari muallifi sifatida ommaviy ravishda tanitgan. Ham Northanger Abbey na Ishontirish Jeyn Ostin ishlatgan ishchi nomi ostida nashr etilgan. Birgalikda nashr etilishidan tashqari, ikkita roman bir-biriga bog'liq emas; keyingi nashrlar alohida nashr etildi.

Adabiy ahamiyatga ega

Asosiy maqola: Jeyn Ostinning qabul tarixi

Northanger Abbey tubdan a parodiya 1790-yillarda va XIX asrning boshlarida ayniqsa mashhur bo'lgan gotik fantastika.[2] Osten XVIII asr romanlari konvensiyalarini ko'tarib, uning qahramonini o'rta sinf oilasidan oddiy va ajralib turmaydigan qizga aylantirib, qahramonga qahramon haqida jiddiy o'ylamasdan uni sevib qolishiga imkon berib, qahramonning romantik qo'rquvini fosh qildi. va qiziqishlar asossiz. Ammo, ingliz tanqidchisi Robert Irvin yozganidek, Ketrinning general Tilni xotinini o'ldirganidan qo'rqishi yolg'on bo'lsa ham, kitob uning tasdiqlanishidan umumiy qo'rquv bilan tugaydi, chunki uning xarakteri haqiqatan ham shafqatsizdir: "Ketrin, har qanday holatda ham , general Tilni xotinini o'ldirishda yoki uni yopishda gumon qilishda, u deyarli uning fe'l-atvoriga qarshi gunoh qilgan yoki uning shafqatsizligini oshirganini his qilgan.[27] Xuddi shunday, olim Reychel Braunshteyn Ketrinning General Tilneydan bo'lgan qo'rquvi mohiyatan to'g'ri ekanligini kuzatgan, garchi kitobda u romantikaga emas, balki "umumiy hayotning yovuzi" bo'lib chiqadi.[28] Braunshteyn kitobni taklif qilgan xulosani quyidagicha yozgan: "... bizning qahramonimizning instinkti haqiqatga yaxshi ko'rsatma edi, ehtimol hatto ular yaxshi edi, chunki ular kuchli erkaklar tomonidan ta'qib qilinadigan zaif ayollar haqida gotik romanlarida".[28]

Irvin, shuningdek, kitobning ba'zi qismlari 18-asrda mashhur bo'lgan gotik romanlarni kinoya qilgan bo'lsa-da, romanni butunlay gotika janrining kinosi sifatida talqin qilish muammoli ekanligini ta'kidladi.[29] Irvine ta'kidlashicha, II kitobdan tashqari, Ketrin duch keladigan muammolar uning Gothic romanlarini o'qishidan va Ketrinning romantik muhabbatni rad etishidan kelib chiqmaydi, Genri g'azablanganidan keyin emas, aksincha Ketrin keyin qisqacha Northanger Abbeydan haydab chiqarilgan. General Tilni, u ishonganidek boy emasligini aniqlaydi.[29] Irvinning ta'kidlashicha, Ketrin uchun uni haydab chiqarish shikast etkazuvchi voqea bo'lib, u hissiy ta'sirida general Tilni sodir etgan dahshatlarga tengdir.[29] Irvine, shuningdek, romanning birinchi boblarida Mariya Edgeuort va Frensis Burnining romanlari satirikligini, ular roman go'yo romanlari singari go'yo maqtaganini ta'kidlaydi.[29] Genri Tilni qahramon ekanligi haqidagi dastlabki belgi, Jon Torp esa birinchisining kitob o'qishni yaxshi ko'rishi, ikkinchisi o'qimasligi ko'rinib turibdi.[28]

Hikoya ertakchining qahramon haqiqatan ham qahramon emasligini ta'kidlashi bilan boshlanadi, chunki u Ketrin juda zukko emas, shuningdek ulug'vor go'zallik va fazilatsiz yaxshi emas edi.[30] Hikoyachining so'zlariga ko'ra, o'quvchi qahramonni juda fazilatli, aqlli va ajoyib go'zal bo'lishini kutgan, bu esa Ketrinni "g'alati, hisobga olinmaydigan belgi!"[30] Faqat ikkinchi bob bilan rivoyat qiluvchi Ketrin haqida biron bir ijobiy fikrga ega, ular hali ham "ajoyib" va g'ayrioddiy sifatlarni qo'shish orqali malakaga ega bo'lib, bu faqat hikoyachi Ketrinning "g'ayrioddiy" xususiyatlari deb ataganligi bilan kinoyali ma'noga ega. aslida juda oddiy, bu Ostinning zamonaviy adabiyotda ayollarning obrazlarini qanday qilib kinoya qilish uslubiga o'xshaydi.[30] Ostinning ta'kidlashicha, ayollarning haqiqatan ham qanday bo'lishlari va ular romanlarida qanday tasvirlanishi o'rtasida jarlik bor.[30] Gap Richardsonning qo'ygan qoidasini kinoya qilish orqali yanada ko'proq ta'kidlanadi Rambler "hech bir yosh xonim janobning sevgisi e'lon qilinmasdan oldin sevib qolish uchun o'zini oqlay olmaydi", bu Ketrin azob chekmasdan buzadi.[31] Keyinchalik, Ketrin tushkunlikka tushganda, onasi uni o'qish orqali ko'nglini ko'tarishga muvaffaq bo'lmadi Oyna (18-asr oxiridagi ommabop jurnal), bu Ostinning axloqiy jurnallar aytadigan so'zlari hayotda qo'llanilmasligini aytishga o'xshaydi.[31]

Bir paytlar Ketrin "yoqimli" so'zini Genri ma'qullamaydigan tarzda ishlatganda, unga ogohlantirish berilgandi: "Siz ishlatganingizdek," eng yoqimli "so'zi unga mos kelmadi; va siz uni o'zgartirib yuborganingizdan so'ng yaxshiroq mumkin, aks holda siz Jonson va Bler bilan qolgan barcha yo'llaringizni egallab olasiz ".[31] Jonson, Richardson, Bler va Addison singari 18-asrning mashhur uslubi va didi hakamlari erkaklar qudrati kanoni sifatida taqdim etilgan, bu roman hech bo'lmaganda gotika romanlari bilan raqobatdosh bo'lib, yosh ayollar bilan juda mashhur edi. vaqtida.[31] Irvinning yozishicha, Genri ushbu mualliflarning tez-tez so'zlarini keltirishi uning o'zini tutish qoidalari va uslublarini belgilab beradigan esselar dunyosiga singib ketganligini ko'rsatadi, chunki Ketrin u o'qishni yaxshi ko'rgan gotik romanlaridan ta'sirlangan.[31] Genri Ketrinni Gotika tomonidan ilhomlanib, general Tilni qotil ekanligi haqidagi fikrlaridan qaytarishga uringanda, u to'g'ri xulq-atvor qoidalarini o'rnatishda juda ta'sirli bo'lgan insholarning (erkak) mualliflarini keltiradi, qisqasi, bitta janrni rad etishga urinmoqda ayollar bilan, erkaklar uchun mashhur bo'lgan boshqa janr bilan mashhur edi.[31] Irvin shunday deb yozgan edi: "Gotikaning (va umuman romanning) yosh ayollarning o'zi o'ylashi uchun vositani taqdim etishi, ehtimol Genri bu erda qarshi turgan haqiqiy tahdiddir. Axir, yuqorida aytganimizdek, Ketrinning xayoloti Genri haqida hech qachon tanqid qilmaydigan general haqida haqiqatni yovuzlik sifatida tasavvur qilish usuli: patriarxal hokimiyatning mutlaq tabiati.Genri foydalanadigan til turi u bilan bog'liq emas: bu Jonson, Bler va kompaniyaning insholaridan olingan. va o'z vakolatini, Ketrin ustidan hokimiyatini o'sha erkaklar manbaidan oladi ".[31] Irvine, insholarning nutqi "generalning patriarxal hokimiyatining lingvistik versiyasi" deb, ayollarga hokimiyatni zo'r berish usuli sifatida emas, balki ularni xonaga qamab qo'yish bilan emas, balki nimani cheklashi kerak bo'lgan til turini qo'llashni ta'kidladi. o'ylashi yoki o'ylamasligi mumkin.[32] Shu ma'noda, Genri o'zining "tabiiy ohanglari" bilan o'zi va "ta'sirlangan" ohangda gapiradi, u erda Jonsoncha esse nutqidan foydalanadi, bu esa hikoyachining ideal qahramoni o'rtasidagi kitobning boshidagi tavsifni aks ettiradi. va Ketrin.[33]

Biroq, Genri o'zining tabiiy ohangida gapirganda ham, uning nutqi o'sha paytda Britaniyadagi odobli jamiyatni kutmoqda.[33] Vanna shahriga endigina kelgan zukko Ketrin odobli jamiyatning yo'llarini yaxshi bilmaydi va Genrining "ta'sirlangan" ohanglari satirik bo'lishni anglatishini aniq biladi, ammo bu erda hazil nima ekanligi haqida noaniq.[34] Kabi Bildungsroman, Ketrin mos kelish uchun odobli jamiyat yo'llarini o'rganishi kerak.[34] Alen xonim uning iloji bor yo'riqnomalaridan juda xira bo'lib, kerakli bilimlarni bera olmaydi, Jon Torp esa janoblardan keladi, lekin faqat qimor va otlarga qiziqadi.[34] Torp bilan Ostin shuni ta'kidlaydiki, shunchaki erga egalik qilish janoblar uchun yaramaydi, chunki Torp janoblar bo'lishiga qaramay janob bo'lish uchun shunchaki odobsiz, bu esa yana Ketringa iltifot to'laganda, u buni aytadi " menga zavq bag'ishlamaydi "kabi odamdan maqtov olish.[34] Izabella Thorp dastlab Ketrinning do'sti bo'lib ko'rinadi, lekin u Ketrinning akasi Jeymsga zikr qilganda o'zini noloyiq do'sti ekanligini isbotlaydi, ikkinchisining mittigiga qadar, u ikkala Tilneyni ham juda yaxshi ko'radi.[35] Izabellaning Ketrinni xijolatga solishi odobli jamiyatning yozilmagan asosiy qoidalarini buzish, ya'ni har doim boshqalarning his-tuyg'ulari haqida o'ylash kerak bo'lgan o'zaro munosabat tamoyilini buzishdir.[35] Aksincha, Eleanora o'zini shunchaki do'sti sifatida tutadi, garchi ukasi masxara qiladigan tilda gapiradigan bo'lsa ham.[36] Genri o'zini Ketrinning eri bo'lishga loyiq deb topadi, chunki u "sevgilisi ustozi" rolida, Ketringa unga oxir-oqibat moslashishi uchun odobli jamiyat yo'llarini o'rgatadi.[34]

Amerikalik olim Reychel Braunshteyn romanning o'sha davrdagi adabiyoti satirasining bir qismi sifatida Genri Tilni "juda yaqin bo'lsa-da, u juda chiroyli emas" deb ta'riflaganini, uning adabiyotga bo'lgan muhabbati tufayli umuman erkak emasligini ta'kidladi. va matolardan iborat bo'lib, uning otasi ustunlik qilishi aniq ko'rsatilgan.[37] Ketrin tanasining diqqatga sazovor joylarini ochiqchasiga hayratga soladigan o'g'lining o'rniga General Tilni "uni yurishining elastikligi, bu esa uni ilgari hech qachon o'ylamagan bo'lsa-da, katta elastiklikka olib keldi" deb maqtaydi.[37] Biroq, Braunshteyn yozishicha, Genri bu kitobning qahramoni, chunki u klişe tilini doimo masxara qiladi, ayollarning o'qigan kitoblari turini tushunadi, chunki u ularni ham o'qiydi va ishlatilgan dangasa tilning yozuvlari sifatida olomondan yuqoriga ko'tarila oladi. "hayratlanarli" va "yoqimli" kabi so'zlarni ortiqcha ishlatadigan boshqalar tomonidan.[38] Ketrin birinchi marta Genrini raqsda uchratganida va uni darhol yoqtirganida, u o'z navbatida unga birinchi marta e'tibor berishga sabab bo'lganida, bu kun fantastikasining yana bir turi.[37] Eng muhimi, aynan Torpeslar Ketrinni raqsdan keyin qo'llarini ushlab Genrini ta'qib qilishdan qaytarishlari kerak, bu o'sha paytda romantik romanlardagi qahramonlardan kutilgan xulq emas edi.[37]

Ostin biografining so'zlariga ko'ra Kler Tomalin "kitobda shaxsiy kinoyaning izi juda oz, garchi u boshqalarga qaraganda ko'proq oilaviy ko'ngilochar uslubida yozilgan bo'lsa".[39] Joan Ayken shunday yozadi: «Biz buni taxmin qilishimiz mumkin Syuzan [asl sarlavhasi Northanger Abbey], birinchi tasavvurida, oilaviy ko'ngil ochish uchun juda ko'p yozilgan, oilaviy auditoriyaga, Jeyn Ostinning voyaga etmagan barcha asarlari singari, o'quvchilarga o'zlarining chetlari va bema'ni bag'ishlovlari bilan murojaat qilgan; ba'zi bir balog'atga etmagan bolalar, ayniqsa uning ukalari Charlz va Frenkka murojaat qilishgan; barchasi muomalada bo'lish va katta aloqalar tarmog'i tomonidan o'qish uchun mo'ljallangan edi. "[40]

Frantsuz tarixchisi kabi turli xil olimlar Mishel Fuko va Britaniyalik marksist E.P. Tompson have argued the 18th century become the "era of the clock" as availability of mass-produced clocks and watches allowed time to be measured more accurately, leading to an increased emphasis on doing things on time that not existed before, marking the beginning of "time discipline" as Thompson called it.[41] In what is seen as example of the new era of "time discipline", Austen frequently used clocks as symbol of General Tilney's authority over Northanger Abbey.[42] Throughout the novel, General Tilney is checking his watch, and is most insistent that servants and his own family observe the clocks to see if they are doing things on time.[43] During her time in Bath, Catherine had easy-going attitude to time, having no strict schedule and planning nothing in advance.[44]

It is only Catherine meets Henry Tilney that the novel begins to speak of the importance of time, with Catherine having to check the clocks to see if she will be on time to meet him.[45] However, after arriving at Northranger Abbey, Catherine discovers that General Tilney is constantly checking his watch and that everything at the abbey happens on a strict schedule, which is a marked difference from Catherine’s lax attitude that she displayed in Bath.[46] When Catherine is late to a dinner, General Tilney shows his displeasure by pacing back and forth in the dining room while frequently glancing at the clock.[47] Because of the importance of staying on schedule, even when General Tilney is not around, clocks serve as a symbol of his power as Catherine finds herself checking what time it is all the time.[48]

As the novel progresses, Catherine finds the discipline imposed by the clocks more and more oppressive, as she finds that she is living her life according to General Tilney’s dictates and demands.[49] Catherine compares General Tilney to a clock, as something inhuman and mechanical that operates with no regard to the human body.[50] At one point, when Catherine receives a letter from her brother, she allows herself "half a hour’s free indulgence of grief and reflection" before composing herself for dinner all the while watching the clock.[51] When Catherine visits the kitchen, she notes that it is equipped with all manner of "modern" cooking equipment and that the cooks worked in an efficient manner like soldiers performing a drill, which reflects the General’s wish to have everything ordered.[52] Likewise, General Tilney’s ownership of a glasshouse that allows rare tropical fruit like pineapples to be grown in England was a sign that he was extremely rich as only those in the highest income brackets could afford a glasshouse, which was a symbol of luxury in Regency England.[53]

A reviewer in 2016 said "Austen’s Northanger Abbey was in part a playful response to what she considered “unnatural” in the novels of her day: Instead of perfect heroes, heroines and villains, she offers flawed, rounded characters who behave naturally and not just according to the demands of the plot."[54]

Boshqa asarlarga ishora

Isabella: Dear creature! how much I am obliged to you; va tugatgandan so'ng Udolpho sirlari, biz o'qiymiz Italiya birgalikda; and I have made out a list of ten or twelve more of the same kind for you.

[...]

Catherine: ...but are they all horrid, are you sure they are all horrid?

Isabella: Yes, quite sure, for a particular friend of mine, a Miss Andrews, a sweet girl, one of the sweetest creatures in the world, has read every one of them.

Jeyn Ostin, Northanger Abbey, chapter VI

Several Gothic novels and authors are mentioned in the book, including Fanni Burni va Rohib.[55] Isabella Thorpe gives Catherine a list of seven books that are commonly referred to as the "Northanger 'horrid' novels".[56] These works were later thought to be of Austen’s own invention until the British writers Montague Summers va Maykl Sadleyr re-discovered in the 1920s that the novels actually did exist.[57] Ro'yxat quyidagicha:

  1. Castle of Wolfenbach (1793) by Eliza Parsons. London: Minerva Press.
  2. Klermon (1798) tomonidan Regina Maria Roche. London: Minerva Press.
  3. The Mysterious Warning, a German Tale (1796) by Eliza Parsons. London: Minerva Press.
  4. Necromancer; yoki, Qora o'rmon haqidagi ertak (1794) by "Ludwig Flammenberg" (pseudonym for Carl Friedrich Kahlert; translated by Peter Teuthold). London: Minerva Press.
  5. Yarim tunda qo'ng'iroq (1798) tomonidan Francis Lathom. London: H. D. Symonds.
  6. Reynning etimi (1798) tomonidan Eleanor Sleath. London: Minerva Press.
  7. Horrid Mysteries (1796), which is an abridged translation of the Marquis de Grosse’s Dahiy by Peter Will. London: Minerva Press. (Marquis de Grosse’s The Genius or the Mysterious Adventures of Don Carlos de Grandez was later translated by Joseph Trapp in 2 volumes. London: Allen and West, No. 15 Paternoster Row.)

All seven of these were republished by the Folio Society in London in the 1960s, and since 2005 Valankur kitoblari has released new editions of the "horrids", the seventh and final being released in 2015.[58]

The most significant allusion, however, is to Ann Radcliffe’s Udolpho sirlari, as it is the Gothic novel most frequently mentioned within this text. Notably, Jane Austen sold the manuscript of Northanger Abbey to the same firm that published Radcliffe’s novel in 1794.[25]

This outside text is first mentioned in Chapter Six, when Isabella and Catherine discuss the mystery "behind the black veil", and further establish their friendship based on their similar interests in novel genre, and their plans to continue reading other Gothic novels together. Austen further satirizes the novel through Catherine’s stay at Northanger Abbey, believing that General Tilney has taken the role of Gothic novel villain.[5]

Austen’s discussion of Udolpho is also used to clearly separate Catherine from John Thorpe, as when Catherine talks about the novel with him, he crudely responds that he "never reads novels", but qualifies his statement by arguing he would only read a novel by Ann Radcliffe, who, as Catherine then points out, is the author of Udolpho.[25] Here, Austen humorously categorizes Northanger Abbey’s characters into two spheres: those who read novels, and those who do not. When Catherine and Henry Tilney later discuss reading novels, and Henry earnestly responds that he enjoys reading novels, and was especially titillated by Udolpho, the match between Catherine and Henry is implied as both smart and fitting.[25]

Tenille Nowak has noted that critics and editors of Northanger Abbey often suggest that the names Laurentina and St Aubin appearing in the text are misrememberings of character names from Udolpho; Nowak observes that due to there being very few copies of Reynning etimi available these critics did not realise that the names actually appear in their exact form in Sleath’s roman.[59] Nowak observes other instances where Sleath’s novel is echoed by Austen, particularly in her descriptions of place.[59]

References to, and within, Northanger Abbey

A passage from the novel appears as the preface of Yan Makyuan Ning Kafforat, thus likening the naive mistakes of Austen’s Catherine Morland to those of his own character Briony Tallis, who is in a similar position: both characters have very over-active imaginations, which lead to misconceptions that cause distress in the lives of people around them. Both treat their own lives like those of heroines in fantastical works of fiction, with Miss Morland likening herself to a character in a Gothic novel and young Briony Tallis writing her own melodramatic stories and plays with central characters such as "spontaneous Arabella" based on herself.

Richard Adams quotes a portion of the novel’s last sentence for the epigraf to Chapter 50 in his Watership pastga; the reference to the General is felicitous, as the villain in Watership pastga is also a General.[60]

The book, also, contains an early historical reference to baseball.[61] It is found in the first chapter of the novel, describing the interest of the heroine : "...Catherine, who had by nature nothing heroic about her, should prefer cricket, baseball, riding on horseback, and running about the country...".[62] It is not the earliest reference to the term, which is presently believed to be in a 1744 British publication, Kichkina chiroyli cho'ntak kitobi, tomonidan John Newbery, tasvirlanganidek Beysbolning kelib chiqishi. The modern game is not described, but the term is used.

Northanger Abbey takes place in several settings, some of which are fictionalized, but many are actual locations in England, including London and Bath. The Jane Austen Society of Australia created a xarita of the characters’ whereabouts, designating the several real, and fake, locations traveled to or mentioned within the novel.[63]

Jasper Fford, in his alternate history comic fantasy novel Sequels orasida birinchi, ga tegishli Northanger Abbey as being under maintenance, and "should be ready on time as long as Catherine stops attempting to have the book 'Gothicized'." It appears again as the prize in a reality program, based on the lives of the Bennets from G'urur va noto'g'ri aqida.[64]

Moslashuvlar

Film, televidenie yoki teatrlashtirilgan moslashuvlar

  • The A&E Network va BBC released the television adaptation Northanger Abbey 1986 yilda.
  • An adaptation of Northanger Abbey ssenariysi bilan Endryu Devis, ko'rsatildi ITV on 25 March 2007 as part of their "Jeyn Ostin fasli ". This adaptation aired on PBS in the United States as part of the "Complete Jane Austen" on Masterpiece Classic in January 2008. It stars Felicity Jones as Catherine Morland and JJ Feild as Henry Tilney.
  • Sahna moslashuvi Northanger Abbey by Tim Luscombe (published by Nick Hern Books ISBN  9781854598370) tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Solsberi o'yin uyi in 2009. It was revived in Chicago in 2013 at the Remy Bumppo Theatre.[65]
  • A theatrical adaptation by Michael Napier Brown da ijro etildi Qirollik teatri yilda Nortxempton 1998 yilda.
  • The 1993 independent film Ruby in Paradise yulduzcha Eshli Judd tomonidan ilhomlangan Northanger Abbey.
  • "Pup Fiction" – an episode of Tilak featuring the plot and characters of Austen’s Northanger Abbey.

Radio

  • 2016 yilda, BBC radiosi 4 broadcast an adaptation by Xetti Naylor bilan Jorjiya kuyovi as Catherine. Ning moslashuvi Udolpho sirlari was broadcast at the same time, also adapted by Naylor, with the same cast.

Audio drama

  • In July 2017, Audible released an original dramatization of Northanger Abbey featuring Emma Thompson, Douglas Booth, Eleanor Tomlinson, Ella Purnell, Jeremy Irvine and Lily Cole.

Veb-seriyalar

  • In 2015, the modern veb-seriyalar moslashish Shimoliy yo'nalishda, by Anya Steiner, was released on YouTube.
  • In 2016, the modern web series adaptation The Cate Morland Chronicles was released on YouTube.

Adabiyot

HarperCollins hired Scottish crime writer Val McDermid in 2012 to adapt Northanger Abbey for a modern audience, as a suspenseful teen thriller, the second rewrite in The Austen Project.[66][67] McDermid said of the project, "At its heart it’s a teen novel, and a satire – that’s something which fits really well with contemporary fiction. And you can really feel a shiver of fear moving through it. I will be keeping the suspense – I know how to keep the reader on the edge of their seat. I think Jane Austen builds suspense well in a couple of places, but she squanders it, and she gets to the endgame too quickly. So I will be working on those things." The novel was published in 2014.[54][68][69]

In 2011, Marvel published a graphic novel version of Northanger Abbey, adapted by Nancy Butler (writer), Janet K. Lee (artist) and Nick Filardi (color artist). The book, originally is the last of the Jane Austen adaptations made by Marvel, and contrarily to the other books of the series, is the only one to be released only in paperback, not in hardback.[70]

The same year, author Jenni James published a modern teen version entitled "Northanger Alibi", published by Inkpress, in which the main character’s obsession for Stephenie Meyer Ning Twilight saga replaces Catherine’s love for Regency gothic novels.[71]

Newbury Acres: An Amish Retelling of Northanger Abbey (2017) by Sarah Price

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

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