Qo'shma Shtatlardagi sheriflar - Sheriffs in the United States

Sherifning o'rinbosari Mogollon, Nyu-Meksiko 1940 yilda
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining sherif nishonlari, odatda politsiyachilar kabi boshqa huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarining qalqonga o'xshash nishonlaridan farqli o'laroq, yulduzcha shaklida bo'ladi.
Huquqni muhofaza qilish
Qo'shma Shtatlarda
Vakolatlarni taqsimlash
Yurisdiktsiya
Huquqiy kontekst
Prokuratura
Huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarining ro'yxatlari
Politsiya operatsiyalari / tashkiloti / muammolari
Agentlik turlari
Ning variantlari huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari xodimlari
Shuningdek qarang

In Qo'shma Shtatlar, a sherif a-da rasmiy shaxs hisoblanadi okrug yoki mustaqil shahar javobgar tinchlikni saqlash va qonunlarni bajarish.[1] Ko'pgina rasmiylardan farqli o'laroq Qo'shma Shtatlardagi huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari, sheriflar odatda saylangan, garchi ba'zi davlatlarda nomzodlarning huquqni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha ma'lum malakalarini talab qiluvchi qonunlar mavjud. Saylangan sheriflar bevosita o'z tumanlari fuqarolari oldida hisobot beradilar o'z davlatlarining konstitutsiyasi, va oxir-oqibat Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Konstitutsiyasi.[2]

Sheriflar va ularning idoralarining vazifalari okrug bo'yicha har xil. Ko'plab sheriflar a politsiya boshlig'i ammo, ba'zi cheklangan huquqni muhofaza qilish vazifalari bilan etakchi idoralar. Shuningdek, sheriflar okrug qamoqxonalarini boshqarish va mahalliy hukumat binolari xavfsizligini ta'minlash uchun mas'uldirlar.

Umumiy nuqtai

Sherifning idoralari

The huquqni muhofaza qilish organi sherif boshchiligida eng ko'p "sherif idorasi" deb nomlanadi, ba'zilari esa "sherif bo'limi" deb nomlanadi.[3] Ga ko'ra Milliy sheriflar assotsiatsiyasi, amerikalik sherif targ'ibot guruhi, 2015 yilga kelib 3081 sherifning idoralari mavjud edi.[4] Ularning hajmi juda kam (bir yoki ikki a'zodan iborat) kam sonli qishloq joylaridagi kuchlardan tortib to to'liq xizmat ko'rsatuvchi huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralariga, masalan, Los-Anjeles okrugi sherifining bo'limi 16.400 a'zosi va 400 zaxira deputati bo'lgan eng yirik sherif ofisi va Qo'shma Shtatlardagi ettinchi yirik huquqni muhofaza qilish idorasi.

Sherif idorasining doimiy xodimi odatda a sherif muovini, sherif muovini yoki norasmiy ravishda a deputat. Kichik sherifning ofisida deputatlar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri sherif tomonidan nazorat qilinadi. Katta sheriflar idoralari politsiya bo'limiga o'xshash tarzda bir necha martabaga ega. The Los-Anjeles okrugi sherifining bo'limi sherifdan 8 pog'ona past bo'lgan minglab doimiy deputatlarga ega. Sherifning haqiqiy ikkinchi buyrug'i odatda unvoniga ega bosh o'rinbosar yoki undersheriff. Ba'zi tumanlarda undersherif bu nazoratchi ning tuman qamoqxonasi.

Saylov

50 dan AQSh shtatlari, 48 nafar sherif bor. Ikki istisno Alyaska, qaysi okruglari yo'q va Konnektikut, qaysi okrug hukumatlari yo'q. Federal okrug va 5 aholi punktlari shuningdek, tuman hukumatlariga ega emas.

Sheriflar 42 shtatda to'rt yillik muddatga, ikki yillik muddatda saylanadi Arkanzas va Nyu-Xempshir, uch yillik muddatlar Nyu-Jersi va olti yillik muddatlar Massachusets shtati.[5] Sheriflar saylanish o'rniga tayinlanadi Gavayi, Rod-Aylend va boshqa joylarda oz sonli okruglar.

Qo'shma Shtatlarning ko'plab qishloq joylarida, xususan Janubiy va G'arb, sherif an'anaviy ravishda ushbu tumanning eng nufuzli siyosiy idora egalaridan biri sifatida qaraladi.

Vazifalar

Sherif idorasining roli har bir shtatda va hatto har bir okrugda sezilarli darajada farq qiladi. Sheriflar va ularning o'rinbosarlari (sherifning belgilangan roli hakamlik sudidan o'tadigan Delaver shtatidan tashqari barcha shtatlarda) hibsga olish va magistrat yoki sudya oldida xizmat qilish, hibsga olish yoki hibsga olish to'g'risida buyruq berish huquqiga ega qasamyodga moyil. va chipta / iqtibos bering. Ba'zi shtatlar ushbu vakolatni qo'shni okruglarga yoki butun shtatga tarqatadilar. Kichkina sherifning idorasida sherif odatdagi muovin yoki politsiya xodimi singari huquqni muhofaza qilish vazifalarini bajarishi mumkin. O'rta kattalikdagi yoki katta sherifning ofisida bu juda kam uchraydi.

Ko'plab sheriflar idoralari transportni boshqarish, hayvonlarni majburiy boshqarish, baxtsiz hodisalarni tekshirish, odam o'ldirish, giyohvand moddalarni tergov qilish, mahbuslarni tashish, maktab resurslari xodimlarini tashish, qidiruv-qutqarish va sud binosi xavfsizligi kabi boshqa funktsiyalarni ham bajaradilar. Kattaroq bo'limlar boshqa jinoyat ishlarini tergov qilishlari yoki boshqa ixtisoslashtirilgan huquqni muhofaza qilish faoliyati bilan shug'ullanishlari mumkin. Ba'zi katta sherif bo'limlari bo'lishi mumkin aviatsiya (shu jumladan, qattiq qanotli samolyotlar yoki vertolyotlar), mototsikl birliklari, K9 birlik, taktik birliklar, o'rnatilgan tafsilotlar yoki ularning nazorati ostida suv patrullari.

Mamlakatning ba'zi hududlarida, masalan, Kaliforniyada San-Bernardino, Daryo bo'yida, apelsin, Sierra, Tulare va Ventura okruglar, sherifning idorasi ham a sud tekshiruvchisi vafot etgan shaxslarni o'z tumanlari ichida tiklash va o'tkazish bilan bog'liq otopsi. Bunday sherif bo'limlari uchun mas'ul mansabdor shaxs odatda sherif-koroner yoki sherif / koroner unvoniga ega va bunday bo'limlar uchun ushbu funktsiyani bajaradigan ofitserlar odatda sherif-koroner muovini yoki koronerning o'rinbosari unvoniga ega.

Ko'plab sherif bo'limlari mahalliy mahallalarga yordam berishadi jamoat politsiyasi strategiya, jinoyatchilikning oldini olish bo'yicha ishlarda. Milliy sheriflar assotsiatsiyasi tomonidan homiylik qilingan Milliy mahalla nazorat dasturi tinch aholi va huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari xodimlariga jamoalarning xavfsizligini ta'minlashda hamkorlik qilishga imkon beradi.

Sherifning huquqni muhofaza qilish vazifalarining tendentsiyalari tobora kengayib borayotgani va murakkablashib borayotganligi sababli, mamlakat bo'ylab sherifning ofislarida maxsus malakaga ega odamlar uchun yangi martaba imkoniyatlari ochilmoqda. Hozir talab qilinadigan mutaxassisliklar qatoriga suv ostida sho'ng'in, uchish, qayiqda yurish, chang'i chang'i, radar texnologiyasi, aloqa, kompyuter texnologiyalari, buxgalteriya hisobi, shoshilinch tibbiy yordam va chet tillari kiradi.

Sherifning idoralari boshqa tuman darajasidagi huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralari bilan birga yashashi mumkin okrug politsiyasi, okrug parki politsiyasi va boshqalar.

Sherif toifalari

Qo'shma Shtatlardagi sheriflar odatda uchta keng toifaga bo'linadi:

  • Cheklangan xizmat - sudni saqlash kabi asosiy xizmatlarni taqdim eting tuman qamoqxonasi, tashish mahbuslar, ta'minlash sud binosi xavfsizlik va boshqa vazifalar jarayonning xizmati va chaqiruv okrug va shtat tomonidan chiqarilgan sudlar. Shuningdek, sherif ko'pincha dirijyorlik qiladi ommaviy kim oshdi savdosi sotish ko'chmas mulk yilda musodara qilish ko'plab yurisdiktsiyalarda va ko'pincha soqchilikni olib borish huquqiga ega chattel qondirish uchun mulk hukm. Boshqa yurisdiktsiyalarda ushbu fuqarolik protsessi vazifalari boshqa zobitlar tomonidan amalga oshiriladi, masalan marshal yoki konstable. Bunga misol Filadelfiya sherifining idorasi Pensilvaniyada.
  • Cheklangan xizmat - yuqorida aytib o'tilganlar bilan bir qatorda tergov va patrul kabi an'anaviy ichki ishlar funktsiyalarini bajaradi. Bu bilan cheklangan bo'lishi mumkin xavfsizlik politsiyasi okrug mulkiga (va boshqalari shartnoma bo'yicha) ushbu vazifalarni okrugning birlashtirilmagan hududlarida, ba'zilari esa shartnomaga binoan qo'shilgan hududlarda bajarishga.
  • To'liq xizmat - odatdagi huquqni muhofaza qilishning barcha an'anaviy funktsiyalarini, shu jumladan shahar bo'ylab patrul xizmati va shahar chegaralaridan qat'i nazar tergovni ta'minlaydigan eng keng tarqalgan turi.

Sherifning ikkita federal ekvivalenti mavjud; birinchisi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Marshallari xizmati, agentligi Adliya vazirligi. AQShning 94 marshallari bor, har bir federal sud okrugiga bittadan. AQSh marshali va uning o'rinbosarlari mahbuslarni tashish va xavfsizligi uchun mas'uldirlar Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining tuman sudlari, shuningdek, muayyan fuqarolik jarayonlarini chiqarish va amalga oshirish. Ikkinchisi esa Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Oliy sudining marshali uchun sud bilan bog'liq barcha vazifalarni bajaradigan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Oliy sudi.

Shtatlar bo'yicha sherif turlari

Alabama

Alabamada sherif - har qanday okrugda saylangan mansabdor va huquqni muhofaza qilish bosh ofitseri. Har biriga bittadan sherif bor Alabamaning 67 okrugi, turli miqdordagi deputatlar va turli xil xodimlar bilan (odatda aholiga bog'liq). Sherifning idorasi, umuman olganda, okruglar chegaralarida joylashgan shaharlar va shaharlarga huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmatlarini ko'rsatadi.

Alyaska

Sherifning shtati shtat Konstitutsiyasida Alyaskada mavjud emas. Buning o'rniga 48 yoshdan past bo'lgan sheriflar va ularning o'rinbosarlari bajaradigan vazifalarni (fuqarolik ishlari, sud xavfsizligi va mahbuslarni tashish kabi) bajaradilar. Alyaska shtati askarlari va Alyaska DPS sud xizmatining mas'ul xodimlari, ular quyi 48 ta yurisdiktsiyalardagi sud ijrochilariga teng. AJS zobitlari shtat bo'ylab harbiy xizmatchilar va tuman sudlari binolariga o'xshash forma kiyishadi, ammo magistratura sudlari emas. Ularning tinchlik mulozimi maqomi sud binolari va qamoqdagi mahbuslarni tashish bilan cheklangan. Bundan tashqari, okrug qamoqxonalari bo'lmagan holda, Alyaskaning tuzatish departamenti hududiy qamoqxonalarni boshqaradi, ularda mahbuslar orasida "sudgacha bo'lgan" alohida erkak va ayol bor, ular sud oldida qonuniy ravishda aybsiz bo'lgan mahbuslarni, jinoyatchidan keyin jazo tayinlangan mahkumlardan ajratib turadilar. ishonchlilik. Sudgacha bo'lgan qanot bo'linmalari AK-ning pastki 48 tuman qamoqxonalariga tengdir. Bu AK DOC zobitlarini ham axloq tuzatish idoralari xodimlarini, ham qamoqxonalarni ozod qiladi. Tergov izolyatorlarida rasmiy ravishda jinoyatda ayblanib, tergov hibsxonasiga yuborilgan ayblanayotgan shaxslar, sudlangan va qamoq jazosiga hukm qilingan shaxslar uchun an'anaviy qamoqxonalar mavjud.

Arizona

Uilyam Ouen Buki O'Nil, Yuma Arizona sherifi 1888 yil
Arizona sherifi (keyinchalik AQSh senatori) Karl Xeyden

Arizonada sherif - ulardan birining huquqni muhofaza qilish bosh ofitseri 15 ta tuman turli xil deputatlar va turli xil xodimlar bilan shtat (odatda aholiga bog'liq). Tomonidan maxsus tashkil etilgan konstitutsiyaviy amaldor Arizona Konstitutsiyasi,[6] sherifning idorasini boshqaradigan sherif (Pima okrugi o'rniga "sherif departamenti" atamasidan foydalaniladi[7]), umuman, o'zlarining tumanlari chegarasidagi shaharlar va shaharlarga huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmatlarini taqdim etadi, tuman qamoqxonasini saqlaydi,[8] va barchasini olib boradi jarayonning xizmati uchun Oliy sud o'sha tuman uchun bo'linma. Bundan tashqari, ko'plab sheriflarning idoralari bilan shartnomalar mavjud Arizona jazoni ijro etish departamenti (ADC) va mahalliy politsiya idoralari mahbuslarni tashish va ushlab turishni ta'minlash. Hukm chiqarilgandan so'ng, ko'plab mahkumlar jazoni o'tash uchun ADCga yuboriladi, ammo bu har doim ham shunday emas edi.

Arizona noyobdir, chunki ko'plab sheriflarning ofislari yarim doimiy bo'lib ishlagan posse tarixiy atama bilan bog'liq bo'lgan qochqinlarni qidirib topishdan farqli o'laroq, turli xil holatlarda asosiy deputatlik kuchining zaxirasi sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan birliklar.[9]

The Maricopa County Sherif ofisi (MCSO) - bu Arizonadagi eng yirik sherifning vakolatxonasi va Qo'shma Shtatlardagi uchinchi o'rinni egallaydi, jami 575 qasamyod qilingan ofitserlar va 2017 yilga kelib 2735 fuqarolik va hibsga olingan xodimlar.. MCSOga sherif rahbarlik qiladi Pol Penzone.

Arkanzas

Arkanzasda sheriflar va ularning o'rinbosarlari viloyat miqyosidagi yurisdiksiyaga ega bo'lgan tinchlik bo'yicha zobitlarga to'liq vakolat berishadi va shu bilan o'zlarining vakolatlarini okrugning biriktirilmagan va qo'shilmagan hududlarida qonuniy ravishda amalga oshirishlari mumkin. Shtat qonunchiligiga ko'ra, sheriflar va ularning o'rinbosarlari, shuningdek boshqa barcha huquqni muhofaza qilish va tinchlik xizmatchilari 24 soat davomida navbatchilikda bo'lishadi, ya'ni ular hibsga olish to'g'risida buyruq bilan yoki ularsiz (garovsiz qamoqqa olish natijasi bo'lgan taqdirda) ularning huzurida yoki nuqtai nazarida sodir etilgan qonun buzilishi).

Arkanzas sherifining vazifalari, odatda, aholiga huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmatlarini ko'rsatish, okrug qamoqxonalarini boshqarish va okrug, tuman, tuman va boshqa sudlar uchun sud ijrochilarini ta'minlashdan iborat. Arkanzas qonuni bo'yicha, sherif okrugning huquqni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha bosh xodimi. Arkanzasda 75 ta sheriflar mavjud, aholi sonidan qat'i nazar, har bir tuman uchun bittadan.

Juda cheklangan istisnolardan tashqari, sheriflar va ularning o'rinbosarlari o'zlarining rasmiy vakolatlarini faqat o'zlarining hududlarining geografik chegaralarida amalga oshirishlari mumkin.

Sherifning shtati shtat konstitutsiyasi bilan tashkil etilgan va 100 yil ichida idora deyarli o'zgartirilmagan.

Arkanzas shtatidagi sheriflar shtat konstitutsiyasiga muvofiq to'rt yil muddatga o'z okruglari fuqarolari tomonidan saylangan yillarda saylanadi. Sheriflar okrug qonun chiqaruvchi organiga, ya'ni "Kvorum sudi ", mablag 'ajratish va yillik operatsion byudjetni tasdiqlash uchun. Ammo, boshqa barcha holatlarda, sherif o'z saylangan idorasini boshqarishda mutlaqo mustaqil va boshqa biron bir saylangan okrug mansabdor shaxsiga yoki organiga bo'ysunmaydi yoki unga hisobdor emas.[iqtibos kerak ]

Arkanzas qonunchiligiga ko'ra, sherif okrugga tegishli nishonni taqib, qayta saylanish uchun kampaniya o'tkaza olmaydi.

Kaliforniya

Yilda Kaliforniya, sherif - har qanday okrugda saylangan mansabdor va huquqni muhofaza qilish bosh ofitseri. Har bir tuman politsiyasining sherif bo'limi birlashtirilmagan joylar (tumanning birlashtirilgan munitsipalitet politsiya bo'limining vakolatiga kirmaydigan joylari). Shunday qilib, sherif va uning qishloq joylardagi muovinlari va nodavlat belediyeler shaharlarda politsiya xodimlariga teng keladi. Shuningdek, sherif bo'limi birlashtirilgan shaharlarga politsiya xizmatlarini shartnoma asosida taqdim etishi mumkin (qarang shartnoma shahar ). Kaliforniyadagi sherifning bo'limlari, shuningdek, mahalliy amerikaliklarning qabila erlari bo'yicha belgilangan tartibda jinoiy qonunlarning bajarilishi uchun javobgardir Davlat qonuni 280 1953 yilda qabul qilingan edi. Qonun qabila erlarida jinoiy huquqni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha javobgarlikni federal hukumatdan belgilangan shtatlarning shtat hukumatlariga o'tkazdi.

Hammasi tinchlik amaldorlari Kaliforniyada okrug yoki shahar chegaralaridan qat'i nazar, shtatning istalgan joyida, ish joyida yoki tashqarida o'z politsiya vakolatlarini amalga oshirishga qodir, shuning uchun Kaliforniya sheriflari va ularning o'rinbosarlari birlashgan va yuridik bo'lmagan munitsipalitetlarda, o'z okruglaridan tashqarida va shtatda politsiyaning to'liq vakolatiga ega. avtomobil yo'llari va davlatlararo.

2000 yilgacha bo'lgan konstable yoki marshal Kaliforniyaning 58 okrugining aksariyat qismida (lekin hammasida). Ta'minot uchun mas'ul yoki marshal javobgar edi sud ijrochilari shahar va adliya sudlariga va xizmat ko'rsatish uchun jinoiy va fuqarolik jarayoni. 21-asrning birinchi o'n yilligining boshlarida davlat sud tizimini qayta tashkil etish paytida konstable, marshal va sherifning rollari birlashtirildi, shuning uchun Kaliforniya sheriflari ko'pchilik marshallarning vazifalarini o'z zimmalariga oldilar va konstabllarning mavqei butunlay yo'q qilindi. Marshallar idoralari faqat uchta okrugda mavjud bo'lgan.Shasta, Uchbirlik va San-Benito - bu erda ular sud xavfsizligi va order-xizmat vazifalarini bajaradilar.

Los-Anjeles okrugi

The Los-Anjeles okrugi sherifining bo'limi (LASD) xizmat qiladi Los-Anjeles okrugi, Kaliforniya. 18000 dan ortiq ishchilari bilan bu Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng yirik sherif bo'limi bo'lib, Los-Anjeles okrugining birlashtirilmagan hududlariga umumiy huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarini taqdim etadi, bu okrugning birlashmagan hududlari va shuningdek tarkibiga kiritilgan shaharlar uchun shahar politsiyasining ekvivalenti bo'lib xizmat qiladi. huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmati agentligi bilan shartnoma tuzgan okrug (mahalliy jargonda "shartnoma shaharlari" deb nomlanadi). Shuningdek, u Los-Anjeles okrugi tomonidan boshqariladigan, masalan, mahalliy bog'lar, marinalar va hukumat binolari bo'yicha asosiy yurisdiktsiyani o'z ichiga oladi; beradi marshal uchun xizmat Kaliforniya yuqori sudi, Los-Anjeles okrugi; ishlaydi tuman qamoqxonasi tizim; va tuman ichidagi kichik huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralariga laboratoriyalar va akademiyalarni o'qitish kabi xizmatlarni taqdim etadi.

San-Fransisko

Chunki San-Frantsisko shahri va okrugi bor konsolidatsiyalangan va kotermin - Kaliforniyadagi yagona birlashtirilgan shahar va tuman - San-Frantsisko sherifi tarixiy huquqni muhofaza qilish organlariga ega edi. Ammo, kabi San-Fransisko politsiya boshqarmasi shahar uchun umumiy politsiya xizmatini taqdim etadi, sherif bo'limi sud vazifalarini bajaradi, qamoqxonada ishlaydi va shahar ob'ektlari kabi huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmatlarini taqdim etadi. San-Fransisko shahar meriyasi va San-Fransisko umumiy kasalxonasi. San-Frantsisko sherifining o'rinbosarlari kerak bo'lganda San-Frantsisko politsiyasining zaxira nusxasini yaratadilar, shuningdek o'z vazifalarini bajarayotganda jinoiy va transport vositalarining qoidalarini buzganlik uchun hibsga oladilar.

Kolorado

Denver

Denver sherif departamenti sudning vazifalari bilan bir qatorda okrugdagi axloq tuzatish muassasalarini ham boshqaradi. Huquqni muhofaza qilish va tergov qilish mas'uldir Denver politsiya boshqarmasi. Denverning sherifi shahar hokimi tomonidan tayinlanadi va u sheriflar bo'limining qasamyod qilingan rahbari bo'lib xizmat qiladi. 1902 yilda Denver shahri va okrugi tashkil etilganidan beri Denverda sheriflar o'rinbosarlari bo'lgan, ammo Denver sherif departamentining amaldagi tashkiloti 1969 yilgacha tashkil qilinmagan va sherifning barcha funktsiyalarini bitta boshqaruv tuzilmasi ostida birlashtirgan.

Denver sherifi bilan birga Bromfildniki, davlat ichidagi anomaliya. Boshqa har qanday okrugda sherif saylangan mansabdor va uning okrugining huquqni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha bosh ofitseri.

Bromfild

Bromfildning sherifi tayinlangan Denverniki. Denverdan farqli o'laroq, Bromfildning sherifi bir vaqtning o'zida politsiya boshlig'i, politsiyachilar esa bir vaqtning o'zida sherifning o'rinbosarlari. Politsiya bo'limi odatda okrug sherifi tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan barcha vazifalarni, masalan, tuman qamoqxonasini (hibsxonani) boshqarish, fuqarolik jarayoni va shahar, tuman va tuman sudlari va Bromfild qo'shma sud binosi uchun xavfsizlik / sud ijrochilari xizmatlarini bajaradi.

Konnektikut

Konnektikut 2000 yilda 00-01-sonli jamoat akti bilan okrug sheriflarini bekor qildi. Fuqarolik protsessida xizmat qiluvchi barcha deputatlar shtat marshallari sifatida, jinoyat ishlari bo'yicha maxsus deputatlar sud marshallari sifatida qasamyod qildilar. Konsteblar o'z shaharlari yoki shaharlari tomonidan boshqariladigan munitsipal amaldorlar bo'lib qoladilar. Bir nechta shaharlarda, asosan, xizmat ko'rsatish vazifalarini bajaradigan va ular vazifasini bajaradigan mahalliy sheriflar mavjud serjant shahar yig'ilishlari uchun.2000 yilda okrug sheriflari bekor qilinishidan oldin Konnektikutdagi sheriflarning vazifalari xizmat ko'rsatish, sud ijrochilari, qidiruv va hibsga olish orderlarini ijro etish bilan cheklangan edi. Boshqa huquqni muhofaza qilish vazifalari, masalan, favqulodda vaziyatlarni bartaraf etish, avtomagistralda patrul va yo'l harakati xavfsizligini ta'minlash, jamoat tartibini saqlash shahar politsiya bo'limlari yoki konstabllari yoki Konnektikut shtati politsiyasida hech qanday mahalliy politsiya idorasi mavjud bo'lmagan joylarda qoldirildi.

Delaver

Birinchi Delaver shtati konstitutsiyasi 1776 yilda sherifni a tinchlik saqlovchisi u yashaydigan okrug ichida ham Yangi qal'a, Kent, yoki Sasseks. Sharif har bir okrug fuqarolari tomonidan umumiy saylovlarda to'rt yillik muddatga xizmat qilish uchun tanlangan va hozir ham tanlanmoqda. Delaver kodeksining 21-bobi, 10-sarlavhaga ko'ra, sherif sud zobitidir. Majburiyatlarga sud tizimining buyruqlarini ko'rib chiqish kiradi; sudlarga surishtiruv, sudyalar va guvohlarni chaqirish; va ko'chmas mulkka qarshi sotuvlar o'tkazish. Okrug sheriflari va ularning doimiy ravishda tayinlangan o'rinbosarlari qamoqdagi jinoyat sodir etganligi uchun darhol qamoqqa olinmagan shaxslarni hibsga olishadi va ularni muddatini o'tash uchun tegishli axloq tuzatish muassasasiga etkazishadi. Okrug sheriflari va ularning o'rinbosarlari odatdagi huquqni muhofaza qilish bilan shug'ullanmaydilar; ularning asosiy roli sudlar uchun ijro xizmatlarini ko'rsatishdir. Odatda huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari, masalan, avtotransport to'g'risidagi qonunlarning ijrosi, jinoyatlar bo'yicha tergov va odatdagi patrul xizmati shtat, tuman va shahar (shahar yoki shahar) politsiya kuchlari tomonidan amalga oshiriladi.[10]

"1897 yildan beri Delaver shtatining sheriflari hibsga olish vakolatiga ega emaslar va buning o'rniga sudlar uchun chaqiruv qog'ozlari va boshqa hujjatlarda xizmat qiluvchi vazirlar zobitlari vazifasini bajaradilar." [11]

Delaver shtati sheriflarining vakolatlarini cheklashi yillar davomida tortishuvlarga sabab bo'lgan. [12][13][14][15]

Kolumbiya okrugi

Kolumbiya okrugida tayinlangan yoki saylangan sherif yo'q, chunki federal okrug, bu Qo'shma Shtatlardagi boshqa yurisdiktsiyalarga nisbatan noyob va murakkab vaziyatda. Tuman hukumati ham Federal hukumatning agentligi, ham tegishli ravishda saylangan mahalliy hokimiyat organi hisoblanadi 1973 yilgi DC qoidalari to'g'risidagi qonun, odatda Sherif idorasi uchun saqlanadigan ko'plab funktsiyalar mavjud, ular o'rniga boshqa agentliklarga topshiriladi. The Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Marshal xizmati, Federal hukumatning agenti sifatida rasmiy ravishda Kolumbiya okrugidagi sud va fuqarolik jarayonlarining aksariyatini ko'rib chiqadi Kolumbiya okrugining himoya xizmati politsiya boshqarmasi (PSPD) odatda mahalliy hokimiyat nomidan Sherif idorasi uchun ajratilgan boshqa ko'plab funktsiyalarni bajaradi.

Florida

Florida sheriflar - Florida shtatidagi "konstitutsiyaviy" idoralardan biri; ya'ni, ushbu lavozim Florida shtati konstitutsiyasining bir qismi sifatida tashkil etilgan bo'lib, unda ularning vakolatlari va umumiy byulletenda saylanishlari ko'rsatilgan. Ular o'zlarining tumanlarida huquqni muhofaza qilish bosh ofitseri sifatida xizmat qilishadi.[iqtibos kerak ] Sherif idorasi okrug ichidagi huquqni muhofaza qilish, tuzatish va sud xizmatlari uchun mas'uldir. Garchi har bir tuman sherifining idorasi mustaqil agentlik bo'lsa-da, ularning barchasi Florida shtatining Nizomida belgilanganidek Duval va Mayamidan tashqari, xuddi shunday nishonlari va yamoqlari bilan "Florida sherifi yashil" formasini kiyib, yashil va oltin naqshli transport vositalarini boshqaradi. Dade.Collier County ham yashil rangda kiyinmaydi; ular yashil aksanlar bilan kulrang forma kiyishadi.

Mayami-Deyd okrugi

Mayami-Deyd okrugi (sobiq Dade okrugi) okrug komissiyasi tomonidan tayinlangan ikkita direktor bor. Mayami-Dade okrugida tayinlangan ikkita direktorning vazifalari quyidagicha taqsimlangan:

Duval okrugi

Ustiga mustahkamlash ning Duval okrugi va Jacksonville shahri 1968 yilda hukumatlar, Duval okrugi sherifi bo'limi va Jeksonvill politsiya bo'limi yagona huquqni muhofaza qilish idorasiga birlashtirilib, Jeksonvill sherifining idorasi (JSO). Duval okrugining saylangan sherifi va tayinlangan katta xodimlar tomonidan boshqariladigan uning 1675 qasamyod qilingan a'zolari deputatlar o'rniga "politsiya xodimlari" deb nomlanadi. JSO politsiyasining barcha xodimlari, shuningdek, sheriflarning o'rinbosarlari bo'lib, Florida ushbu vazifalarni bajarish uchun faqat "sheriflar va ularning o'rinbosarlari" ga, masalan, buyruqlarni bajarishga ruxsat beradi. Xuddi shunday JSOning jazoni ijro etish bo'limining 800 a'zosi ham "axloq tuzatish xodimlari" dir. Maykl Uilyams hozirgi sherif.

JSO politsiyasi va tuzatish kiyimlari to'q to'q ko'k rangda bo'lib, politsiya va tuzatish ishlari uchun kumush moslamalar va nazorat va qo'mondonlik uchun oltin. Belgilangan JSO transport vositalari oq rangga ega bo'lib, ikkala yon tomonida keng oltin chiziqcha bilan "SHERIFF" yozuvi tushirilgan bo'lib, har bir to'rtburchaklar panelida to'q ko'k rangda, "POLISS" esa ko'kning orqa qismida. 2007 yilda qasamyod qilgan zobitlar bo'yicha JSO AQShdagi 25-o'rinda va Florida shtatida ikkinchi o'rinda turadigan mahalliy politsiya idorasi edi.[16]

Broward okrugi

The Broward Sherifning idorasi hozirda sherif rahbarligida Gregori Toni va to'liq xizmat ko'rsatuvchi huquqni muhofaza qilish idorasidir. Sherifda undersherif va bir nechta tuman boshliqlari bor, ular ham tuman qo'mondonlari deb nomlangan. Ushbu shaxslar odatda "kapitan" unvoniga ega. Broward Sherif ofisi (BSO), shuningdek, Broward County Fire Rescue (BSO yoki County Fire Rescue) nomli tuman uchun yong'in / qutqarish / EMS operatsiyalarini boshqaradi va nazorat qiladi. Yong'in / qutqarish / EMS bo'limi ishini nazorat qilish yong'in boshlig'i va bir nechta boshliq o'rinbosarlaridir. BSO Fire Rescue, yong'in / qutqarish / EMS shartnomasi bo'yicha tumanning birlashmagan qismlariga va shuningdek, belediyelere xizmat qiladi. BSO shuningdek, ikki tomonlama maqsadga xizmat qiladigan bir nechta vertolyotlarni boshqaradi. Har bir vertolyot huquqni muhofaza qilish vazifalari, shuningdek tibbiy evakuatsiya (MEDEVAC) uchun javob beradi; vertolyotlarda ham qasamyod qilingan deputatlar, ham parvoz hamshirasi yoki parvoz shifokori ishlaydi. BSO shuningdek, dengiz piyodalari patrullari, motorli (tsiklli) patrul va o'rnatilgan (ot) patrullariga ega. Broward Sherifning idorasi, shuningdek, huquqni muhofaza qilish vazifalarini mahalliy politsiya bo'limi bo'lmagan yoki mahalliy politsiya bo'limini BSO tarkibiga qo'shib yuborgan munitsipalitetlarga topshiradi.[17]

Oranj okrugi

The Oranj okrugi sherifining idorasi uchun bosh huquqni muhofaza qilish idorasidir Orange okrugi, Florida. Ofis 300 million dollardan ortiq byudjeti va 2700 dan ortiq qasam ichgan va fuqarolik ishchilari bilan katta. Amaldagi sherif Jon Mina 2018 yilgi navbatdan tashqari saylovlarda saylangan va har yili Oranj okrugiga tashrif buyuradigan bir milliondan ortiq aholi va 72 milliondan ziyod sayyohning xavfsizligi uchun mas'ul bo'lgan Orange okrugining huquqni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha bosh ofitseri.

Gruziya

Sheriflar va uning o'rinbosarlari va boshqa davlat tomonidan tasdiqlangan tinchlik bo'yicha zobitlar Jorjiya shtatida tinchlik zobitlari ekanliklarini bildirgandan keyingina xizmatdan yoki ishdan tashqarida hibsga olishlari mumkin. Shtat konstitutsiyasida sanab o'tilgan beshta rasmiylardan biri, sheriflar Gruziya to'la-to'kis xizmat qiladigan okrug zobitlari. Konstitutsiyaning IX moddasi, I bo'limi, sheriflar "o'z tumanlarining malakali saylovchilari tomonidan to'rt yil muddatga saylanadi va umumiy qonunda nazarda tutilgan malakaga, vakolat va vazifalarga ega bo'lishlari" ni belgilaydi. Biroq, bir nechta metropoliten okruglari a tashkil qilishni tanladilar okrug politsiyasi sherifni sud vazifalariga qoldirgan huquqni muhofaza qilish funktsiyalarini bajarish. Boshqalarda ham bor okrug marshali fuqarolik qonunchiligini ta'minlaydiganlar. Hatto o'sha okrugdagi boshqa idoralar, masalan, tuman politsiyasi bilan ham sherif har bir okrugning huquqni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha bosh xodimi hisoblanadi. Jorjiyadagi barcha huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari xodimlari, agar jinoyat ularning bevosita huzurida sodir bo'lsa, shtat bo'ylab yurisdiksiyaga ega, ammo sheriflar shtat bo'ylab yurisdiktsiyaga ega, shuningdek, agar jinoyat o'z tumanlarida kelib chiqqan bo'lsa. Bu shuni anglatadiki, kimdir bir okrugda qonunni buzsa va boshqasiga qochib ketsa, sherif jinoyatni tergov qilish, hibsga olish va ayblanuvchini asl okrugiga etkazish uchun shtatning istalgan joyiga borishi mumkin.

Gruziyadagi sherifning ko'pgina malakalari, vakolatlari va vazifalari davlat qonunining 16-bobining 15-sarlavhasida batafsil bayon etilgan. Boshqa narsalar bilan bir qatorda, qonunda "sherif ushbu shtatning bir nechta okruglarining huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarining asosiy xodimi hisoblanadi". 10-bo'limda sherif o'z tumanining yakka tartibdagi hududlarida bo'lmaganidek, munitsipalitetlar tarkibidagi vakolatlarga ega ekanligi aniq ko'rsatib o'tilgan, ammo ko'pgina sheriflar o'zlarining politsiya bo'limlariga ega bo'lgan munitsipalitetlar ichida standart huquqni muhofaza qilish funktsiyalarini bajarishdan bosh tortishadi. yoki davlat qonunchiligidagi boshqa qoidalarni bajarish uchun buni talab qilishadi.

Huquqni muhofaza qilish organlaridan tashqari, sheriflar yoki ularning o'rinbosarlari sudlarning barcha jarayonlari va buyruqlarini bajaradilar va qaytaradilar; qamoqqa olingan shaxslarni sudga qabul qilish, tashish va saqlashni ta'minlash; saylovlar o'tkaziladigan joyda yoki joylarda qatnashish; barcha sud binolari, qamoqxonalar, jamoat joylari va boshqa tuman mulklarini saqlash; barcha qimmatbaho metall sotuvchilarining reestrini yuritish; davlatga tegishli bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan soliqlarni yig'ishni amalga oshirish; va boshqa ko'plab vazifalar.

Jorjiyadagi Sherifning idorasi mustamlakachilik davrida mavjud bo'lib, 1777 yilda Gruziyaning birinchi rasmiy konstitutsiyasiga kiritilgan. Sherifning qancha muddat xizmat qilishi cheklanmagan. Gruziya qonunining 15-sarlavhasi, 16-bob, 40-bo'lim, 75 yoshga to'lganida, ushbu lavozimda 45 va undan ortiq yil davomida ishlagan sherif avtomatik ravishda Gruziya shtati shariflari sharafining faxriy lavozimini egallashini belgilaydi.

Metropoliten grafliklarida sherifning vazifalari o'z okruglari uchun huquqni muhofaza qilishning yagona amaldori bo'lishdan faqat sudga tegishli an'anaviy funktsiyalarni bajarishga, lekin shtat poytaxti atrofidagi tuman ichki ishlar boshqarmasi bilan kelishilgan holda keng ko'lamli vazifalarni bajarishga o'zgargan. yirik shaharlar. Ushbu tuman politsiya bo'limlari tashkil etilgach, ular patrul, tergov, jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurash va transport xavfsizligini ta'minlash majburiyatlarini o'z zimmalariga olishgan.

Jorjiya shtatidagi okrugda joylashgan politsiya bo'limi va mahalliy sherifning idorasi umumiy operatsiyalarning ko'p qismini birlashtirgan ikkita okrug mavjud. Makon-Bibb okrugi sheriflari idorasi va Augusta-Richmond okrugi sherifi idorasi.

Gavayi

Gavayida ikkita sherif bor:

Aydaho

Aydaho shtati 44 okrugdan iborat. Aydaho shtatining har bir okrugi okrugning yuqori huquqni muhofaza qilish organi bo'lgan Sherif idorasi uchun saylanadigan lavozimga ega. Sherif idorasi 4 yillik muddatda saylanadi.

Illinoys

Illinoysda sherif har bir okrugda huquqni muhofaza qilishning eng yuqori organi hisoblanadi; ammo, kiritilgan munitsipalitetlar, ularning kattaligidan qat'i nazar, o'z vakolatlari doirasidagi asosiy qonun ijrosi uchun javobgardir. Shuning uchun, sheriflar idoralari odatda o'zlarining politsiya funktsiyalarini birlashtirilmagan joylarga jamlaydilar. Bundan tashqari, ko'plab kichik munitsipalitetlar sherif o'zlarining asosiy huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari sifatida harakat qilishlari uchun sherif idorasiga huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari mablag'larining bir qismini to'laydilar: odatda, bir kechada, bu mahalliy politsiya bo'limiga kun davomida mahalliy ofitserlar bilan ishlashga imkon beradi; yoki to'liq kunlik, qishloqni o'z ichki ishlar bo'limiga muhtojligidan xalos qiladi.

Politsiyani ta'minlashdan tashqari, sherifning idorasi nazoratni amalga oshiradi tuman qamoqxonasi, qo'riqlaydi sud binosi, vazifasini bajaradi jarayon serveri kabi sud hujjatlari uchun chaqiruv va nazorat qiladi ko'chirish, hatto o'zlarining politsiya kuchlari bilan belediyeler ichida.

Kuk okrugi

The Kuk okrugi sherifining idorasi 6900 dan ortiq a'zolari bilan Qo'shma Shtatlardagi ikkinchi o'rinda turadi. Kuk okrugi sherifining idorasi kattaligi sababli o'z vazifalarini vazifalar bo'yicha 8 bo'limga ajratadi, ularning eng taniqli qismi Kuk okrugining sud xizmatlari bo'limi. Kuk okrugi sherifining politsiya bo'limi unukorporated Cook County-da an'anaviy politsiya xizmatlarini taqdim etadi, tuzatishlar departamenti esa Kuk okrugining axloq tuzatish bo'limini boshqaradi.

Kuk okrugi sherifining barcha o'rinbosarlari qasamyod va davlat tomonidan tasdiqlangan tinchlik bo'yicha zobitlar bo'lib, ularning ish vazifasi yoki lavozimidan qat'iy nazar politsiya vakolatlari mavjud. Illinoys shtatidagi boshqa sheriflar bo'limlari singari, Sherif ham barcha an'anaviy an'anaviy huquqni muhofaza qilish funktsiyalarini, shu jumladan shahar chegaralarida qat'i nazar, tuman bo'ylab patrul va tergovni ta'minlashi mumkin. Chikago, ammo an'anaviy ravishda politsiya patrul vazifasini okrugning birlashtirilmagan hududlari bilan cheklab qo'ygan, chunki birlashtirilmagan joylar Illinoys shtatidagi sheriflar bo'limining asosiy yurisdiksiyasidir.

Birlashgan shaharlarda sherif politsiyasining patrul xizmati ko'pincha talab qilinmaydi, chunki Chikago kabi shaharlar o'z politsiya bo'limlarini tashkil etgan. 500-600 kishilik sherifning politsiya bo'limi Kuk okrugidagi barcha hududlarga, xususan Chikago kabi munitsipalitetga to'liq politsiya xizmatlarini ko'rsatish uchun zarur bo'lgan xodimlarga ega bo'lmaydi.

Sherif muovinlari, sherif politsiyasidan tashqarida, sherifning boshqa xizmatlarini, masalan, Kuk okrugidagi turli sud binolarini qo'riqlash, 9800 nafar hibsga olingan Kuk okrugi qamoqxonasini yugurish va qo'riqlash va boshqa huquqbuzarlarni reabilitatsiya qilish dasturlarini nazorat qilishadi.

Indiana

Grin okrugi, Indiana shtati sherifi va sherif muovini 1940 yil atrofida Indiana shtati politsiyasi bilan

Yilda Indiana, okrug sheriflari lavozimga saylanadi va ular tomonidan cheklangan davlat konstitutsiyasi ketma-ket ikki yildan ortiq bo'lmagan muddatga xizmat qilish. Indiana shtatining sheriflari buni amalga oshirish huquqiga ega hibsga olish sherifning fikriga ko'ra huquqbuzarlik sodir etgan va ularni tuman sudiga topshirgan shaxslarning yurisdiktsiya va hibsga olish sabablari aniqlanmaguncha ularni hibsda ushlab turing. Ular tinchlik buzilishini bartaraf etish uchun umumiy kuchga ega okrug kuchi agar kerak bo'lsa, sherif yordamiga; jinoyatchilarni ta'qib qilish va qamoqqa olish; sud jarayoniga xizmat qiladi va ijro etadi; attend and preserve order in all courts of the county; take care of the county jail and the prisoners there; take photographs, fingerprints, and other identification data as the sheriff shall prescribe of persons taken into custody for felonies or misdemeanors. They are required to provide an accounting to the state department of correction concerning the costs of incarcerating prisoners in the county.[19]

Somewhat unusual among the states, Indiana sheriffs are paid a ish haqi out of which they must feed the prisoners in the county jails in their charge. They must account for the money they spend on prisoner's food; many counties' agreement with the sheriff's department allows the elected sheriff to keep the remaining funds allocated, which is contrary to state law.[20] As a result, in many Indiana counties, the position of sheriff is one of the more lucrative of the elected officials, and the elections for sheriff are frequently hotly contested and draw larger numbers of candidates than most other county elective positions.[21]

Indiana Sheriffs may also appoint Special Deputies to act as private security police korxonalar uchun. These Special Deputies are only empowered during the course of their employment hours and do not have any police authority when not actively working. Special Deputies appointed who work for the Sheriff's Department or other municipal or governmental agencies are limited only by any written limitations and specific requirements imposed by the sheriff and signed by the Special Deputy[22][23]

Additionally, the Indiana Supreme Court appoints a sheriff to maintain the safety of the judiciary and court facilities. The Supreme Court Sheriff also serves the papers and orders of the court.[24]

The Elkhart County Sheriff's Office was the first Sheriff's office in the nation to receive accreditation through CALEA. (Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies)[25]

Under an agreement between Indianapolis Mayor Bart Peterson and Marion County Sheriff Frank J. Anderson, the Sheriff was responsible for overseeing the Indianapolis Metropolitan politsiya boshqarmasi following the Department's creation in January, 2007, until the agreement was rescinded by Peterson's successor as Mayor, Greg Ballard effective on February 29, 2008.

Ayova

There are 99 Sheriffs in the State of Iowa; one for each county. Sheriffs are elected to four-year terms in office with no term limits.

Sheriff's Offices within Iowa have many functions: Patrol – which is the most visible and provides public safety activities and traffic enforcement duties; Jail – according to Iowa law, the Sheriff is responsible for the operation of the county jail. This responsibility includes the transportation of prisoners, the guarding of jail facilities, and in some counties, the securing of the county courthouse; Civil – according to Iowa law, the Sheriff is responsible for the civil process, which includes serving legal documents from the court and conducting evictions, sales and other civil related duties; and Detective – which investigates crimes and conducts follow up activities on cases.

Although a primary responsibility of the Sheriff's Office is to provide law enforcement protection to the unincorporated and rural areas of the county, most Sheriff's Offices contract to provide law enforcement services to smaller incorporated communities that do not have their own police department.

A Sheriff must be a certified peace officer through the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy as required under the Code of Iowa chapter 80B or must complete the basic training course within one year of taking office. Iowa deputy sheriffs are covered by civil service law which ensures that after their probationary periods they are only removed from office for just cause. Deputy Sheriffs must complete the state law enforcement academy within their first year of employment.

In accordance with state law, the Iowa State Sheriffs' and Deputies' Association establishes the uniform and vehicle standards for all 99 counties. As such, all uniforms and patrol vehicle graphics are the same for each of the 99 Sheriff's Offices throughout Iowa with the exception of the respective County's name appearing on their badges, uniform patches, and vehicle markings. Badge numbers for Sheriffs and Deputies consist of a prefix number, which represents the county number, followed by a one to three digit number, which represents the Sheriff's or Deputy's number within that specific office. The Sheriff's badge number in each county is always #1. So the Sheriff from Bremer County would have an ID number of 9-1 (9 is the county number for Bremer County and 1 is the number for the Sheriff).

Kanzas

Sheriffs are elected officials in their counties. They serve four-year terms between elections.[26] There are 105 counties in Kansas but only 104 sheriffs. 1970-yillarda, Rayli okrugi merged the police departments within the county and created the Riley County Police Department. The RCPD is head by a Director who is hired by a police board. In Riley county, any duties that a county sheriff would perform are carried out by the RCPD. A small number of sheriffs in Kansas contract their police services to cities within their county boundaries that do not wish to manage their own police departments.

Kentukki

Daniel Boone 1782 Sherriff of Fayette County, KY

Sheriffs in Kentukki are elected for four-year terms and are not term limited. Sheriffs and deputies in Kentucky have the authority to patrol as well as power of arrest in all areas of their particular county, including incorporated cities. Most sheriffs, however, choose to patrol incorporated cities either only on the request of city officials or in the case of a major emergency. Sheriff's deputies will jointly patrol unincorporated areas of their county with the Kentukki shtati politsiyasi. In addition, sheriffs in Kentucky are responsible for court security, serving court papers and transporting prisoners. They are also responsible for collecting taxes on real estate and tangible property. Also, Kentucky law states that only the county coroner, also an elected peace officer, can serve the sitting sheriff with a state criminal court process or place him/her under arrest (any peace officer, however, can arrest the coroner).

One of the main differences between Kentucky sheriffs and sheriffs in other states is that in most counties in Kentucky sheriffs do not run the county jails. County jails are run by a separate elected official called a jailer who has the authority to employ deputy jailers. The sheriff's office, however, may be asked by the jailer to assist with jail security in the event of an emergency. The only exception is in counties containing first class cities or counties with consolidated city/county governments which may merge their offices of sheriff and jailer and retain the office of sheriff to fill both roles. In these cases the sheriff can then relinquish responsibility for the jail back to the county or consolidated government to operate. This is the case in both Jefferson okrugi va Fayet okrugi, which are both the only counties with first class cities (Louisville & Leksington respectively) and are the only counties with merged city/county governments.

Deputy sheriffs, like municipal police officers, must be trained and certified as peace officers through the Kentucky Justice and Public Safety Cabinet Law Enforcement Training Center at Sharqiy Kentukki universiteti yilda Richmond, unless they have previously completed another recognized police academy. To maintain certification, all certified peace officers must complete forty hours of in-service training annually. Sheriffs themselves, however, are not mandated to be trained and certified as the job requirements for sheriff are described in the Kentukki Konstitutsiyasi, o'rniga Kentukki qayta ko'rib chiqilgan nizom. Many sheriffs, however, do choose to receive this training if they had not received it as a law enforcement officer prior to their election.

Luiziana

The Luiziana constitution establishes the office of sheriff in each parish, each elected to a term of four years (Const. Art. V, §27). The sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer in the parish and has both criminal and civil jurisdiction. The sheriff is in charge of all criminal investigations and is responsible for executing court orders and process. The sheriff is the collector of ad valorem soliqlari and other taxes and license fees as provided by law and is the keeper of the public jail in the parish. Article V, Section 32 provides for the offices of civil sheriff and criminal sheriff in Orleans Parish. State & Local Government in Louisiana, Chapter 3 Mahalliy hokimiyat, Qism. II. Constitutional Offices.[27] The office is so powerful that Garri Li —elected seven times as sheriff of Jefferson Parish, and head of a powerful southern Louisiana siyosiy mashina —said, "Why would I want to be hokim when I can be king?"[28]

Orlean Parish

Orlean Parish now has one sheriff Marlin N. Gusman, with the new Orlean Parish Sherifining idorasi combining the following two offices into one office in accordance with Louisiana Revised Statute 33:1500,. This statute required the Orleans Parish criminal and civil sheriffs' offices to be merged into one office by 2010 as a result of legislation passed to merge the Criminal and Civil Courts into one consolidated district court, as in all other Louisiana parishes.[29][30]

  • The Criminal Sheriff, operates Orleans Parish Prison; and performs security, serves process, and performs enforcement functions for the Criminal District Court. Deputies are state-commissioned peace officers and are empowered to enforce all the laws of the state and ordinances of the parish. In addition, the Criminal Sheriff operates a Search & Rescue unit for maritime operations, as part of the Special Operations Division.
  • The Civil Sheriff, under Louisiana Revised Statute 13:1311, "...and the constables of the First and Second City Courts of New Orleans and their deputies, are hereby granted the powers of peace officers when carrying out the duties of the court, and are authorized to require incarceration of the subject involved in any of the city, parish or state prisons, precinct stations, or houses of detention in the parish of Orleans. They shall be exempt from liability for their actions in the exercise of this power in the same manner and fashion as liability is excluded generally for peace officers of this state and political subdivisions."[31]

Meyn

Maine's sixteen counties elect one sheriff every four years. Each sheriff is the Chief Executive Law Enforcement Officer for their county.

The duties of the office of the sheriff are corrections, service of process and Patrol. The Sheriff operates the county jails and transports prisoners. The Sheriffs Office provides police patrol, responds to calls for assistance and provides investigative services to towns not large enough to maintain their own police departments. Some towns may contract with a Sheriff's Department for additional or more intensive coverage than would normally be allocated. The Sheriff's Department and Maine State Police share patrol and investigative duties in towns without police departments. The Sheriff and their deputies have full police powers within their respective counties. In Maine there are only 2 ranks, Deputy and the Sheriff.

Merilend

Yilda Merilend, per the State Constitution,[32] each county shall have an elected sheriff that serves a term of four years with all deputy sheriffs required to be sworn law enforcement officials with full arrest authority by the state's governing agency, the Merilend politsiyasi va axloq tuzatish bo'yicha komissiya.[33] In all counties (except for Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Baltimore City, Howard, Montgomery, and Prince George's), the County Sheriff is the primary law enforcement agency charged with investigating crimes, enforcing traffic laws, enforcing orders of the court, and transporting, housing, and controlling the county jail inmate population.

Yilda Anne Arundel okrugi, Baltimor okrugi, Baltimor Siti, Xovard okrugi va Montgomeri okrugi the Sheriff's Office still retains its law enforcement authority in all areas,[34] however, their duties are strictly limited to enforcing orders of the court except in rare instances where called upon by the County Police or other law enforcement to assist. Yilda Shahzoda Jorj okrugi, the Sheriff's Office and the County Police share the responsibility of county law enforcement. The Shahzoda Jorj okrugi politsiyasi still enforce the vast majority of crimes and traffic laws. Along with the traditional duties of enforcing all orders of the court, the Shahzoda Jorj okrugi sherifining idorasi responds to all domestic calls for service within the county's District III, is a part of the Homeland Security Task Force, US Marshal Taskforce, and the FBI Task Force. Within Maryland, the size of each county's Sheriff's Office varies greatly from forces of approximately 30 sworn to well over 500 in the more populated counties.[35]

Massachusets shtati

A special operations truck of the sheriff's office of Massachusets shtatidagi Midlseks okrugi

14 bor counties in Massachusetts, each with a sheriff who is elected to a six-year term.[36] The state abolished eight of its 14 county governments between 1997 and 2000;[37] those eight now exist only as geographic regions, with their elected sheriffs considered employees of the commonwealth.[38]

The duties of the office of the sheriff in Massachusetts are primarily to maintain custody of a county jail and house of correction, to serve civil process, and to transport inmates to and from courts and other facilities. Although they have police powers, their duties are to generally support local law enforcement, and they do not usually patrol. The sheriffs in Massachusetts are considered to be the chief law enforcement officers in their counties.[39] Kabi ba'zi tumanlarda Plimut, Norfolk va Barnstable, the sheriffs maintain law enforcement services such as K-9, criminal investigation, and tactical response, gang enforcement, and warrant teams. Deputies are often seen supporting local police in traffic control and at large events like county fairs and sports events.

A 2020 investigation by WBUR into prison deaths found incidents of poor medical care (representing about one-third of deaths where details were available), neglect, and assault by corrections officers, had few consequences for elected sheriffs, nurses, or corrections officers. Sheriffs have denied family members, reporters, and even the Suffolk County District attorney have been denied information about deaths, including the circumstances surrounding the deaths, names of inmates, disciplinary records, and in some counties even the number of deaths was kept secret. The actual number of deaths was about 25% higher than the number reported to the federal Department of Justice. Many out-of-court settlements of wrongful death lawsuits were kept secret, and some were not properly reported to the state treasurer.[40]

Shuningdek qarang:

Michigan

Yilda Michigan, sheriffs are constitutionally mandated, elected county officials. All sheriff's offices have general law enforcement powers throughout their entire county,[41] as well as traditional judicial-process, court-protection (sud ijrochisi ) and jail-operation powers. Sheriff's offices may primarily patrol areas of their county without municipal police services; however, they are free to patrol anywhere in their county, including shaharlar, qishloqlar va charter shaharchalari that have their own police services. Occasionally, this results in conflict over jurisdiction between municipal police agencies and sheriff's offices.[42]

In some counties (primarily urban counties such as Oklend, Macomb, Ueyn, Kent, Genesee, Saginaw, Bay, Midland va Washtenaw ), sheriff's offices provide dedicated police services under contract to some municipalities, in lieu of those municipalities providing their own police services. (Michigan law provides for or requires municipalities, depending upon their structure, to provide dedicated police services.)

The sheriffs of all 83 Michigan counties are members of the Michigan Sheriffs' Association. This professional organization, formed in 1877, promulgates standardized insignias that are used, to varying degrees, by all Michigan sheriff's offices on their uniforms and vehicles.[43]

Ta'kidlash joizki, Michigan shtati politsiyasi have general law-enforcement powers throughout the entire state. Thus, all Michigan residents have at least two levels of general police services (state police and sheriff's offices), while residents of a municipality that has its own police service have a third level of general police service.

The Office of Sheriff is created by the Michigan Constitution. As a constitutional officer, the Sheriff must operate a county jail, serve and execute all civil writs and process as well as criminal process that are issued pursuant to rule, and produce and maintain records as prescribed by law. In addition, the Sheriff operates a Marine Safety Program (with the Department of Natural Resources), provides contracted law enforcement services, and miscellaneous other duties.

Hozirda Oklend okrugi sherifining idorasi is the largest full service sheriff's office in the state, overseeing over 1,400 employees and managing an annual budget of over $156 million dollars.

Minnesota

In order to be elected to the office of County Sheriff, the candidate must be actively employed in a law enforcement vocation. The Hennepin okrugi sherifi is the largest Sheriff's office in Minnesota, serving roughly one million residents. [44]

Missisipi

Sheriffs in the State of Mississippi are elected to four (4) year terms, with no limits on the number of terms that may be served. The Sheriff's office works to prevent crime and build community safety through education, investigation and enforcement. The sheriff's duties generally fall into two broad categories:

  1. Law enforcement duties: These duties are specifically to keep the peace within the county, by causing all offenders to enter into bonds, with sureties, for keeping the peace and for appearing at the next circuit court, and by committing such offenders in case of refusal. The sheriff is also charged with the duty to quell riots, routs, affrays and unlawful assemblages, and to prevent lynchings and mob violence.
  2. Administrative duties:
    • Serve as the county's jailor—The sheriff is required to keep separate rooms for the sexes, not permitting communication between male and female prisoners, unless they are married; provide fire and lights when necessary and proper; sufficient and clean bedding; and daily wholesome and adequate food and drink.
    • Have charge of the courthouse and jail of his county, of the premises belonging thereto, and of the prisoners in said jail. This includes the protection of the court and prisoners from mob violence, injuries or attacks by mobs, and from trespasses and intruders.
    • Submit a budget of his office's estimated expenses for the next fiscal year including payment of premiums on the bonds and insurance necessary to protect the interest of the county. (i.e. bonds for liability insurance, insurance against false arrest charges, insurance against false imprisonment charges, theft, fire, and other hazards insurance, and hospitalization insurance).
    • Keep books of every kind maps, charts, and other things that may be donated to the county.
    • Keep the Mississippi Department Reports, census reports, statutes of the state, the Mississippi Reports, digests, and legislative journals assigned to his county in the courtroom of the courthouse.
    • Keep a jail docket noting the details of each warrant or mittimus of any person placed in the county jail.

Missuri

There are 114 counties and one independent city (City of St. Louis) in Missouri. Sheriffs in Missouri are elected to a four (4) year term and is considered the chief law enforcement officer of the county. The sheriff and his deputies may conduct a variety of duties within their respective jurisdictions. Section 57.100 of the Missouri Revised Statutes states that "Every sheriff shall quell and suppress assaults and batteries, riots, routs, affrays and insurrections; shall apprehend and commit to jail all felons and traitors, and execute all process directed to him by legal authority, including writs of replevin, attachments and final process issued by circuit and associate circuit judges."

Generally, the sheriff is responsible for police patrol in unincorporated areas of the county, but retains full jurisdiction within the entire county. Generally, city or village police handle general law enforcement duties in incorporated areas. In addition, the sheriff is responsible for court security, serving court documents, operating the jail (some jurisdictions have separate county correctional departments), executing warrants, issuing concealed weapon carry permits, and other duties. In the Independent City of St. Louis, the sheriff's duties include court security for the Circuit Court, transporting prisoners between the Courts and detention facilities, serving court papers and eviction notices, and issuing concealed carry permits.[45] Patrol duties are handled by the City of St. Louis Police Department.

Some sheriff's departments provide School Resource Deputies to public school districts under contract with the local school board. These deputies not only perform law enforcement duties, but act as mentors and instructors in safety and security related matters.

In addition, sheriffs may utilize SWAT or STAR teams, consisting of specially trained deputies who may handle hostage situations, security details, or special events. K-9 units, boat patrols, air patrols, traffic units, reserve units, and Emergency Management Division units are just some of the other specialized divisions that may be formed by the sheriff.

Since January 1, 2010, Missouri Revised Statutes 57.010 states that county sheriffs must have a Missouri Peace Officer's License before they may perform any law enforcement functions. Deputy Sheriffs are considered law enforcement officers, and must be certified by The Department of Public Safety's Tinchlik amaldorlari standartlari va o'qitish (POST) Program.

Montana

All 56 Montana counties have sheriff's offices responsible for general law-enforcement functions in areas other than those covered by local city police departments. In larger cities sheriff's offices perform mainly judicial duties such as serving warrants and providing courtroom security. The sheriff, as the county's chief law enforcement officer, has jurisdiction anywhere in the county, including municipalities, where the Sheriff's Office provides assistance and support to local law enforcement agencies. Sheriff's deputies in Montana are certified by The Department of Public Safety's Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) Program. Sheriff's deputies have the full powers of arrest and can enforce all of state laws more than any other law enforcement officer in the state. Examples include fish and game violations, department of transportation regulations, department of livestock.

Nebraska

Hammasi Nebraska counties have sheriff's offices responsible for general law-enforcement functions in areas other than those covered by local city police departments. Sheriff's deputies in Nebraska are certified by the state law-enforcement commission and have full arrest powers.

Nevada

There are 16 sheriff's departments in Nevada, and two of them are unique, as the Karson shahrining sherifi is a result of the 1967 merger of the old Carson City Police Department va Ormsby County Sheriff's Department, shuningdek Las-Vegas Metropolitan politsiya boshqarmasi which is the result of the 1973 merger of the Klark okrugi sherifining idorasi va old Las Vegas Police Department.

Nyu-Xempshir

The Nyu-Xempshir pozitsiyasi Oliy sharif dates back to pre-Revolutionary War days. Since 1840, there have been 10 counties in the state, each with a High Sheriff.[46] These sheriffs and their deputies are the highest ranking and most powerful uniformed law-enforcement officers in the state. The state constitution gives the sheriff of each county full law-enforcement authority throughout the county. In 1911, this authority was expanded by the davlat qonun chiqaruvchi organi to include the entire state.[47] Sheriffs are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The sheriff is responsible for patrol duties, civil process, transport of prisoners, and criminal and civil warrants. Most county sheriff's offices provide dispatch service for many of the county's communities. Sheriffs are also responsible for the security in all the county courthouses throughout the state. Finally, sheriffs are responsible for the prisoners in the mahalliy tuman sudlari throughout the state.

Nyu-Jersi

Sheriffs in Nyu-Jersi are sworn law-enforcement officers with full arrest powers.[48] They also serve writs and other legal process and perform court-security functions. In some counties, responsibility for the county jail rests with the sheriff's office; in other counties, this responsibility rests with a separate corrections department. In most counties, the police functions provided by the sheriff's office are limited to patrolling county property such as parks, courts, county facilities, and roads; plus, providing specialized units and support to local police, e.g., bomba otryadlari, emergency response (SWAT ) and investigative units. Essex County Sheriff's Bureau of Narcotics is featured in the film Amerikalik gangster which stars Denzel Vashington va Rassel Krou. The Esseks okrugi Sheriff and the Hudson County Sheriff, also holds the unique title of the Office of Emergency Management and serves a highly populated urban area including Nyuark, in Essex County, which is New Jersey's largest city and Jersi Siti, in Hudson County, which is New Jersey's second largest city.

Eslatma: Union County also has a separate county-wide police force, which fulfills many of the police functions provided by sheriff's offices in other counties.

All areas of New Jersey are incorporated municipalities and the vast majority have their own local police agencies that provide general law enforcement. The Nyu-Jersi shtati politsiyasi provides primary law enforcement in only a few rural areas in Southern and North Western NJ that lack local police.

Nyu-Meksiko

New Mexico County Sheriffs are regular law enforcement officials and have the authority to perform law enforcement duties at any location within their county of jurisdiction, but they primarily focus on unincorporated rural areas, while leaving law enforcement functions within the limits of incorporated municipalities to town or city police departments. Sheriffs occasionally assist local police departments with law enforcement in incorporated cities and towns, particularly when such assistance is requested by local police.

Nyu York

Like most other states, sheriffs and deputy sheriffs in the State of Nyu York are regular law-enforcement officers[49] with full police powers and duties such as patrol work, prisoner transport, civil process, and court security.[50]

Many sheriff's offices in New York State also have it, marine, aviation and SWAT units, as well as various other specialized units. In several sheriff's offices throughout the state, an undersheriff is often the warden of the county jail or second-in-command of the entire agency.[51]

Grover Cleveland Erie County NY Sherriff 1871-1873
Lewis R. Stegman King's County NY Sherriff 1881

Until recently, most sheriff's officers wore a standardized uniform (black pants and shirt with dark gray straw Stetson hat in the summer and a black felt Stetson hat in the winter with a black Class A jacket for the dress uniform and a black leather jacket for the winter) and all patrol vehicles were marked in the same manner (white with red stripes, etc.). Several counties have moved away from these practices. Patrol cars in these counties have different vehicle markings, and deputy sheriffs wear different uniforms. Some examples are Ulster okrugi, which has dark gray uniforms similar to the New York State Police; va Uorren okrugi, whose deputy sheriffs wear tan shirts with dark brown pants. Dutches County Deputy Sheriffs wear tactical Class B uniforms consisting of black shirts and black pants and a Class A uniform with light blue shirts with darker blue pants. Yilda Suffolk okrugi, the sheriff vehicles are black and white (similar to the police/sheriff vehicle scheme used in California). Yilda Nyu-York shahri, deputy sheriffs wear a uniform very similar to sworn NYPD xodimlar. Ontario okrugi Sheriff's deputies wear the traditional uniform; black pants, black shirt with brass buttons, and a black stetson.

Currently there are 57 county sheriff's offices, and one city sheriff's office (see below) which covers the five boroughs (counties) of New York City. The largest sheriff's office in New York State is the Eri okrugi sherifi, undan keyin Suffolk okrugi sherifining bo'limi with around 275 deputies and 900 correction officers.

Sheriffs in New York State (outside of New York City, Nassau and Westchester Counties) are elected for three or four-year terms, depending on the vote of the county government, specifically the county legislature. The Sheriff of New York City is appointed by the mayor (see below) and the Sheriffs of Nassau County and Westchester County are appointed by the county executives of those respective counties.[52]

Nyu-York shahri

The Nyu-York shahri, although it comprises beshta okrug, currently has a single Sherifning idorasi, qismi Nyu-York moliya departamenti. The Sheriff's Office is headed by a sheriff, appointed by the shahar hokimi.[53]

As the primary civil law enforcement agency of the City of New York, the Sheriff's Office typically acts as the enforcer of civil judgments won by the city against individuals and businesses. The agency also enforces judgments on behalf of private petitioners' as well. Though the sheriff and his/her deputies retain their status as peace officers/law enforcement officers, traditional patrol and other law enforcement functions are handled by other departments: the NYPD oversees law enforcement; The Tuzatish ishlari bo'limi manages the city's jails; the Office of the Medical Examiner handles the coroner functions; va Sud xodimlari handle security for the courts themselves and in lock-ups within court buildings. The New York City Sheriff's Office does provide criminal investigation services in cases involving city tax and deed fraud, as well as illegal tobacco distribution and smuggling.[54][55][56]

The sheriff or his/her deputies serve processes and writs; seize property and handle evictions pursuant to court orders; ijro etish mental hygiene va oilaviy sud arrest warrants, along with any other type of arrest ordered by the courts and directed to the sheriff; enforce traffic and parking laws, and perform other law enforcement/peacekeeping functions necessary to maintain public order.

The Sheriff's Office has five county/borough field offices and several citywide units. The agency has five undersheriffs, each in charge of a county/borough. Approximately 150 deputy sheriffs of various ranks are employed by the agency, along with an assortment of civilian support staff.

The sheriff, undersheriffs, and deputy sheriffs of the City of New York have peace officer powers and are authorized to carry firearms both on and off duty (as per the New York State Criminal Procedure Law).[57]

The Sheriff's Office is not to be confused with New York City Marshals, who are private businessmen licensed by the city and authorized by the courts as independent public officers to be hired by individuals and businesses to enforce civil judgments. New York City Marshals are not city employees; they keep a portion of what they seize as profit instead of collecting a salary from the city. New York City Marshals are not peace officers.

Shimoliy Karolina

Sherifning idorasi Shimoliy Karolinadagi eng qadimiy davlat idorasidir (1662 yilda tashkil etilgan). Bu konstitutsiyaviy ravishda vakolat berilgan Shimoliy Karolina 1776 yilda. Bu saylangan huquqni muhofaza qilish idorasi.[58]

Sherif huquqni muhofaza qilishning uchta uchastkasida ham o'z vazifalarini bajaradi: Politsiya, sudlar / jinoiy sud va jazo / qamoq. Sherif idorasi Shimoliy Karolina okruglarining birlashtirilmagan hududlari uchun asosiy huquqni muhofaza qilish idorasidir. Sherif, tumanning huquqni muhofaza qilish bosh ofitseri sifatida, tumanning har qanday joyida yurisdiktsiyaga ega, shu jumladan shahar hokimligi, mahalliy huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralariga Sherif idorasi yordam va qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.

Ushbu idoraning huquqni muhofaza qilish vazifalariga tumanlarni patrul qilish, jinoyatchilikning oldini olish, qonun buzilishlarini tekshirish va qonun buzuvchilarni hibsga olish kiradi. Bundan tashqari, aloqa, dalil va mulkni boshqarish xizmatlari kabi qo'llab-quvvatlash xizmatlari ko'rsatiladi. Sherif, shuningdek, okrugning umumiy qamoqxonasini saqlash va saqlash uchun javobgardir, u hozirgi paytda County jamoat xavfsizligi markazlarida alohida hibsxonalardan va agar tumanlar talab qilsa, hibsga olish to'g'risidagi ilovadan iborat. Idora mahbuslarni sudga chiqish uchun tashish uchun javobgardir.

Sud xizmatlari sohasida Sherif idorasi ijro etuvchi organ bo'lib xizmat qiladi Shimoliy Karolina bosh adolat sudi.[59] Idora sudlar tomonidan chiqarilgan fuqarolik va jinoiy jarayonlarga xizmat qiladi, ularga ko'pincha odamlarni hibsga olish va ularni sudga berish, shuningdek sud qarorlarini qondirish uchun shaxsiy va ko'chmas mulkni olib qo'yish va sotish kiradi. Sherif tuman okrugidagi sud zali xavfsizligi va okrugning yuqori sud zallari uchun javobgardir.

Davlat tomonidan vakolat berilgan idoraning boshqa har xil vazifalariga to'pponcha sotib olishga ruxsat berish, qurolni yashirishga ruxsat berish, parad va piketga ruxsat berish va xizmat ko'rsatish kiradi. jinsiy huquqbuzarlarni ro'yxatga olish va maishiy qoidabuzarlar.

Shimoliy Karolinada sherif 4 yillik muddatga saylanadi va bunday bo'lishi mumkin emas jinoyat.[60] Okrug sherifi okrug hokimiyati uchun emas, balki tuman fuqarolari oldida javobgardir. Okrug hukumatlari Sherif idorasini moliyalashtirish bilan shug'ullanadilar.

NC okrugining sherifi shtatning har 100 okrugidagi eng yuqori darajadagi huquqni muhofaza qilish xodimi bo'lib, o'z xohishiga ko'ra va xohlagancha xodimlarni yollash va tugatish huquqiga ega. Deputatlar va qamoqxonachilar sherif bilan bir muddatda, 4 yildan oshmasligi kerak va har 4 yilda qayta qasamyod qilishlari kerak. Qamoqchilar qamoqqa olinadigan ofitserlardir va 160 soatlik qamoqxona xodimlarini tayyorlash kursini o'tashlari kerak, ammo ba'zilari ikki tomonlama o'qitilgan va o'rinbosar sifatida qasamyod qilishgan. Deputatlar davlat tomonidan belgilangan 600+ soatlik qonunni qo'llash bo'yicha asosiy tayyorgarlik (BLET) kursini tamomlashi yoki "qayta kirish" yoki oldingi yoki lateral (shtat xodimlaridan tashqari) uchun qayta kirish dasturini bajarishi kerak. Qayta kirish variantidan tashqari, deputatlar uchun tayyorgarlik politsiya zobitlari va boshqa tinchlik amaldorlari uchun sertifikat olish bilan bir xil. Biroq, sherif deputatlarni yollashi mumkin va ularni o'qitish va sertifikat olish uchun bir yil muddat bor. Bu o'z lavozimiga kelgan sherifga, agar o'zi xohlasa, bo'limni to'liq yoki qisman o'qimagan tayinlanganlar bilan almashtirishiga imkon beradi va yangi deputatlarni o'qitish va attestatsiyadan o'tkazish uchun bir yil bor. Deputatlar sherifning siyosiy kengaytmasi bo'lib, mustaqil qonuniy vakolatlarga ega emaslar va hibsga olish yoki harakatlar rasmiy ravishda amalga oshirilganda, bu amalda ishonchnoma sifatida sherif nomidan amalga oshiriladi. Shuning uchun qonuniy ravishda, sherif politsiya boshlig'idan farqli o'laroq, deputatlarning hibsga olinishi va ayblovlarini biron-bir sabab bilan yoki hech qanday sababsiz rad etishi mumkin va bu siyosiy maqsadlar uchun tez-tez amalga oshiriladi, politsiya boshliqlari bunga qodir emas, chunki zobitlar alohida va alohida. qonun hujjatlarida ko'rsatilgan yuridik shaxs,

Shimoliy Karolina okrugi sherifi istisnolari Shimoliy Karolina shtatining ikkita gastoni va Gaston va Meklenburgdir.[61] Ushbu shtatlarda butun okrug uchun politsiya kuchlari, shuningdek qurol saqlash uchun ruxsatnomalar, jinsiy huquqbuzarlarning ma'lumotlar bazasi va boshqa sherif vazifalaridan tashqari qamoqxonalar, sudlar va fuqarolik ishlari uchun mas'ul bo'lgan Sherif departamenti mavjud.[62]

Shimoliy Dakota

Shimoliy Dakotadagi sheriflar huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarining bosh ofitserlari 53 ta tuman. Ular to'rt yillik muddatga saylanadi.[65] Bo'lim xodimlari to'liq hibsga olish va umumiy ijro etish huquqiga ega, shu jumladan barcha davlat va mahalliy qonunlarning ijrosini ta'minlash, qamoqxonalarni saqlash, mahkumlarni va ruhiy kasallarni tashish, yuridik hujjatlarni taqdim etish, sud qarorlari bo'yicha mol-mulkni ommaviy sotish va tuman sudida qatnashish.

Zobitlar qishloq joylariga xizmat ko'rsatishadi. So'nggi yillarda soliq bazasining pasayishi ko'plab kichik shaharlarning tumanlar bilan huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmati bilan shartnoma tuzishiga olib keldi.[66]

Ogayo shtati

Gacha Ogayo shtati 1803 yilda davlatchilikka erishildi, sherif lavozimi Hududiy hokimning roziligi bilan tayinlangan lavozimlar bilan to'ldirildi, Artur Sent-Kler. Ogayo shtatidagi yozuvlardagi birinchi sherif va Shimoliy-g'arbiy hudud polkovnik edi Ebenezer Sproat, lavozimda o'n to'rt yil xizmat qilgan. U 1788 yilda tayinlanganda, polkovnik Sproatning vakolati butun Vashington okrugini qamrab olgan; Bu ulkan er maydoni keyinchalik Ogayo shtatining Ogayo daryosidan Eri ko'ligacha bo'lgan butun sharqiy sharqni o'z ichiga olgan. Ogayo shtatining sheriflari uchun "1788 yildan buyon birinchi bo'lib xizmat qilish" shiori Sherif Sproat xizmatiga tegishli.

Davlat bo'lganidan so'ng, Ogayo shtatidagi atigi uchta davlat idorasi saylov jarayoni orqali to'ldirildi. Sherifning mavqei ulardan biri edi. Ushbu yangi tizim orqali Uilyam Skinser Bakay shtatida birinchi saylangan sherif bo'ldi. XIX asrning boshlaridan boshlab Ogayo shtatining sheriflari okrug darajasida to'rt yillik muddatga saylanib kelinmoqdalar.

Ogayo shtatining 88 grafligining har birida sherif huquqni muhofaza qilish bosh ofitseri hisoblanadi. Sherifning asosiy vazifalari - tuman bo'yicha sudga murojaat qilish va tuzatishlar berish, okrugning birlashtirilmagan hududlarini politsiya tomonidan to'liq himoya qilish; ammo, sherif ham barcha munitsipalitetlarda, shaharchalarda va qishloqlarda politsiya vakolatlarini to'liq saqlab turadi. Har bir sherif, shuningdek, qonunni muhofaza qilish, sud xavfsizligi va hujjatlar bilan ishlash, qamoqxona operatsiyalari, ekstraditsiya jarayoni va mahbuslarni tashish bilan ta'minlashi shart.[67]

Shtat miqyosida izchil bo'lish uchun, Ogayo shtatining sheriflari va deputatlari standartlashtirilgan kiyimda yurishadi va barcha patrul transport vositalari xuddi shu tarzda belgilanadi.

Oklaxoma

Oklaxoma "s Sheriflar, uning asosiy roli sud xodimi, to'liq xizmatlarni taqdim etish, ya'ni tuman bo'ylab patrul va tergov kabi an'anaviy huquqni muhofaza qilish funktsiyalarini taqdim etish. Oklaxomadagi 77 ta okrugning tinchlik bo'yicha bosh ofitseri sifatida sheriflar qonuniy organlar, ya'ni sudlar tomonidan chiqarilgan yoki chiqarilgan barcha jarayonlar, yozuvlar, buyruqlar va buyruqlarga xizmat ko'rsatadilar va bajaradilar. Sherifning idorasi sudyalar va sud binolari xavfsizligini ham ta'minlaydi. Sheriflar o'z okruglarining qamoqxonalariga rahbarlik qiladilar va ularni qo'riqlaydilar va qamoqdagi barcha mahbuslar Sherifning nazorati ostida, Sherif okrug qamoqchisi sifatida xizmat qilishgan.

Sheriflar o'zlarining huquqni muhofaza qilish majburiyatlariga binoan tinchlik saqlanib turishi uchun javobgardirlar, tartibsizliklar bostirilgan va bu noqonuniy yig'ilishlar va qo'zg'olonlar ularning okrugi bo'ylab nazorat qilinadi. Adolat qaror topishini ta'minlash uchun sherifga og'ir jinoyati yoki tinchlikni buzganlikda ayblangan har qanday shaxsni hibsga olish huquqi berilgan va u okrug ichidagi har qanday sudda ishtirok etishi mumkin. Sheriflar ham vakolatli ga muddatli harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan o'zlarining vazifalarini bajarish uchun zarur deb hisoblashlari mumkin bo'lgan har qanday shaxs yoki ularning tumanlari.

Oregon

Sherifning umumiy vazifalari

Sherif okrug tinchligining bosh ijrochi direktori va konservatoridir. Sherif lavozimini bajarishda sherifning vazifasi:

  1. Tinchlikni buzgan yoki buzmoqchi bo'lgan barcha odamlarni va jamoat huquqbuzarliklarida aybdor bo'lgan barcha odamlarni hibsga oling va qamoqqa oling.
  2. G'alayon yoki boshqa yo'l bilan jamoat tinchligi yoki xavfsizligiga tahdid soladiganlardan okrugni himoya qiling.
  3. Qonun hujjatlariga muvofiq adolat sudlari yoki sud xodimlarining sherifga topshirilgan tartibini va buyruqlarini bajaring.
  4. Qonunga muvofiq, boshqa davlat xizmatchilari tomonidan shu maqsadda sherifga etkazilgan barcha orderlarni ijro eting.
  5. Qo'ng'iroq bo'yicha Oliy sud, Apellyatsiya sudi, Oregon shtati Soliq sudi, tuman sudi, adliya sudi yoki okrug tarkibida bo'lib o'tgan sudga qatnashing va uning qonuniy buyruqlari yoki ko'rsatmalariga bo'ysuning. [O'zgartirishlar: 1985 yil c.339 §1]

Oregon shtatida 36 ta saylangan 36 ta sherif bo'lgan 36 ta okrug mavjud, ularning har biri to'rt yillik vakolat muddatiga ega. Oregon shtatidagi sheriflar ichki ishlar organlarining to'liq xizmatlarini, barcha shtat va mahalliy qonunlarni bajarilishini, harakat xavfsizligini ta'minlash va ijro etuvchi bo'linmalarini saqlashni, okrug qamoqxonasini boshqarishni, dengizda qayiqda xavfsizlik patrullarini ta'minlashni, tuman qidirish va qutqarish uchun mas'ul bo'lishni va huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmatlarini taqdim etadilar. sudlar. Oregon shtatidagi ko'plab sheriflar maxsus xavfsizlik guruhlariga ega, ular tarkibiga yo'l harakati xavfsizligi, SWAT, idoralararo giyohvand moddalar guruhlari, K9 va qutqarish kiradi.

Pensilvaniya

Pensilvaniya sheriflar qonuniy ravishda barcha an'anaviy huquqni muhofaza qilish vakolatlariga ega. Ammo, tashkil etilganidan beri Pensilvaniya shtati politsiyasi 1905 yilda amalda 67 okrug sherif idoralarining aksariyati sud bilan bog'liq an'anaviy vazifalarni bajaradi, mahbuslarni sudga olib borish va qaytarish va h.k.

Pensilvaniya okrugi sheriflarining maqomi ko'p yillar davomida qonuniy kulrang hududda bo'lgan. Sheriflar muntazam ravishda sud xavfsizligini, mahbuslarni tashish, fuqarolik ishlari bo'yicha xizmatlarni va sud qarorgohlarini hibsga olishni ta'minlagan bo'lsalar-da, ularning huquqni muhofaza qilish vakolatiga ega ekanligi noma'lum edi. 1970-yillardan 1990-yillarning boshlariga qadar sheriflar o'rinbosarlari tomonidan jinoyatda ayblanayotgan bir qator sudlanuvchilar bostirish deputat bo'lmaganligi asosida ularni hibsga olish natijalari halollik bilan, insof bilan ichki ishlar idoralari xodimlari.

Yilda Pensilvaniya Hamdo'stligi va Leet, 1991 yil Pensilvaniya Oliy sudining qaroriga binoan, Sudning 2-1 ko'pchiligi sheriflar huquqni muhofaza qilish vakolatiga ega emas deb hisobladilar. Ushbu qaror bekor qilindi Pensilvaniya Oliy sudi Adliya Jon P. Flahertining 1994 yildagi qarorida. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, sheriflar o'zlarining huzurida sodir etilgan qoidabuzarliklar uchun transport vositalarini boshqarish to'g'risidagi qonunlarni (ushbu masala bo'yicha) amalga oshirishga qodir. O'zining ko'pchilik fikriga ko'ra, Adliya Flaherti Buyuk Britaniya va Qo'shma Shtatlardagi sherifning tarixiy ildizlarini o'rganib chiqdi va vakolatlarning rivojlanganligi to'g'risida xulosa qildi. umumiy Qonun:

Qo'shimcha vakolatlarga murojaat qilish keraksiz bo'lsa ham, Qora tosh sherifning og'ir jinoyatlar uchun va uning huzurida sodir etilgan tinchlikni buzganligi uchun hibsga olinmasdan hibsga olishga umumiy huquqini tasdiqlaydi. Blackstone, Umumiy qonunga sharhlar, Vol. IV, 289 da. Darhaqiqat, bunday vakolatlar shunchalik keng tanilganki va shu qadar keng tan olinganki, bu taklif uchun vakolat berish qiyin emas. Shuni ta'kidlash uchun, qanchadan-qancha bolalar bu sharmandali deb savol berishadi Nottingem sherifi hech bo'lmaganda hibsga olish vakolatiga ega edi Robin Gud.

Shuning uchun Pensilvaniya shtatidagi sheriflar va ularning o'rinbosarlari buni qilishlari mumkin hibsga olishlar jinoyatlar va ularning huzurida sodir etilgan tinchlikni buzganlik uchun. Ular qonun bo'yicha o'qitilishi va sertifikatlanishi shart Pensilvaniya jinoyatchilik va huquqbuzarliklar bo'yicha komissiyasi.

21-asrning boshlarida har bir Pensilvaniya okrugida Sherif idorasi mavjud. Ko'pchilik hali ham saylangan, ammo Nortxempton va Luzern okruglar qabul qildi uy qoidasi sherifni belgilaydigan nizomlar tayinlangan lavozim bo'ladi va endi saylanmaydi. Bu kabi joylarda ba'zi bir-birining qoplanishiga olib keldi Allegeni okrugi, qaerda Tuman politsiyasi mahalliy huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash va tuman mulkiga qarashli mol-mulkni patrul qilish, shu jumladan Pitsburg xalqaro aeroporti.

Xuddi shunday, Delaver shtati sud binosi va Park politsiya bo'limi beradi xavfsizlik politsiyasi funktsiyalari. Yangi tiklangan huquqni muhofaza qilish vakolatlari bilan Okrug sherifi ammo, bu ba'zi hokimiyat uchun kurashlarga olib keldi.

Filadelfiya okrugi

Hukumatining bir qismi sifatida Filadelfiya shahri, okrugni o'z ichiga olgan, sherif saylandi[68] to'rt yillik muddatga. Sherif sud bilan bog'liq asosiy xizmatlarni, masalan mahbuslarni tashish, sud binosining xavfsizligini ta'minlash va okrug va shtat sudlari chiqaradigan sud jarayoni va chaqiruv xizmatiga oid boshqa vazifalarni bajaradi. Shuningdek, sherif ko'chirishni amalga oshiradi va ko'chmas mulkni olib qo'yishda va olib qo'yishda kim oshdi savdosini o'tkazadi shaxsiy mulk (chattel) hukmni qondirish uchun. The Filadelfiya Sherif departamenti qonun bilan belgilangan vazifalarini bajarishda jamoat tartibida huquqni muhofaza qilishni amalga oshirish niyatini bildirdi.[69]

Rod-Aylend

The Royf-Aylend sheriflari bo'limi jamoat xavfsizligi boshqarmasi huzuridagi shtat bo'ylab huquqni muhofaza qilish idorasi. Diviziya xodimlari bosh sherif, hozirda Devid M. DeCesare qo'mondonligi ostida.[70] Bo'lim "sud zalining xavfsizligi va barcha davlat sud binosidagi kameralarni blokirovka qilish, shaxsiy tarkibni o'qitish, ekstraditsiya va davlat xizmati va jinoyatlarda ayblangan shaxslarni tashish" uchun javobgardir.[71]

Janubiy Dakota

Janubiy Dakota shtatida, sherifning vazifalari, qonunga binoan, quyidagicha: "Sherif tinchlikni saqlash uchun - jinoyat sodir etgan shaxslarni ushlash - Jarayonni bajarish. Sherif o'z tumanida tinchlikni saqlaydi va saqlaydi, shu maqsadda u zarur deb hisoblagan shaxslarni yoki o'z okrugining qudratini yordamga chaqirish huquqiga ega, u barcha jinoyatlarni ta'qib qilishi va ushlashi, shuningdek, unga yuboriladigan har qanday sud yoki sudyaning barcha yozuvlarini, buyruqlarini va boshqa ishlarini bajarishi kerak. qonuniy vakolat. " Janubiy Dakota shtatining har bir okrugi har 4 (to'rt) yilda bir marta sherif uchun saylov o'tkazishi shart. Shaxsning ketma-ket 4 (to'rt) yillik muddatda Sherif sifatida xizmat qilishi uchun cheklov yo'q. Janubiy Dakotadagi Sherif departamentlari odatda SWAT va yuqori xavfli kafolatli xizmatlar uchun Janubiy Dakota avtomagistral patrulining yordamiga ishonadilar. Barcha okruglardagi sherif huquqni muhofaza qilish vakolatiga ega, ular sud hujjatlarini fuqarolik va jinoiy ish bilan ta'minlaydi, sud binosi xavfsizligini ta'minlaydi, tergov olib boradi va odatda tuman qamoqxonasini boshqaradi. Ba'zi tumanlarda boshqa okruglardan foydalanish uchun shartnoma tuzilgan. (To'lovlar odatda kuniga joylashtirilgan mahbuslar soniga qarab belgilanadi.) Sheriflar shtat qonunchiligida eng kam yillik ish haqini to'lashlari shart. Qonun va ko'rsatmalar quyida keltirilgan. Sheriflarning ish haqi jadvali. Tuman komissarlari kengashi qaror bilan sherifga to'lanadigan ish haqini belgilaydi. To'lanadigan ish haqi okruglar aholisining so'nggi o'n yillik federal ro'yxatiga asosan quyidagi jadvaldan kam bo'lmasligi mumkin.

Tuman aholisiIsh haqi jadvali
10,000 dan past$35,700
10,000–14,999$38,700
15,000–24,999$39,900
25,000–69,999$44,700
70,000 va undan yuqori$48,600

Tuman komissarlari kengashi sherifning ketma-ket vakolat muddati davomida sherifning ish haqini kamaytirishi mumkin emas. Kunduzgi qamoqxonani boshqarish uchun javobgar bo'lgan har qanday sherif ushbu bo'limda keltirilgan asosiy ish haqiga qo'shimcha o'n foiz qo'shib beriladi.

Tennessi

The Tennessi Konstitutsiya har bir okrugdan to'rt yillik muddatga sherifni saylashni talab qiladi. Tennesi shtatlaridan tashqari barcha shtatlarda sherif politsiyaning to'liq vakolatiga ega mansabdor shaxsdir, garchi Tennessi sheriflari va ularning o'rinbosarlari, odatda, o'zlarining tumanlarining yakka tartibdagi hududlarida o'z xizmatlarining patrul qismini bajaradilar, agar munitsipalitetlarning o'zlarining politsiya bo'limlari bo'lsa. Qoidaga istisno Devidson okrugi. Devidson okrugida sherif fuqarolik jarayoni va qamoqxona funktsiyalarisiz xizmat qilishning asosiy mas'uliyatiga ega umumiy Qonun tinchlikni saqlash uchun kuchlar. Tinchlikni himoya qilish buning o'rniga Metropolitan Nashville politsiya boshqarmasi okrug ostida Metropolitan Xartiyasi. Metropolitan Xartiyasi Devidson okrugi sherifining huquqni muhofaza qilish xodimi maqomini olib tashlamadi. Bu shunchaki uning asosiy vazifasi emas, chunki u Nashvill shahri va Devidson okrugini birlashtirishdan oldin bo'lgan.

Noks okrugi, Tennesi sherifning transport vositasi

Texas

The Texas Konstitutsiya (5-modda, 23-bo'lim) 254 ta okrugning har birida sherifni saylashni nazarda tutadi. Hozirda Texas sheriflari uchun vakolat muddati to'rt yil. Biroq, bo'sh ish o'rinlari paydo bo'lganda, tegishli okrug komissarlari sudi qolgan muddatni o'tash uchun almashtirishni tayinlashi mumkin.

Texasda sheriflar va ularning o'rinbosarlari viloyat miqyosidagi yurisdiktsiyaga ega bo'lgan tinchlik bo'yicha zobitlarga to'liq vakolat berishadi va shu bilan o'zlarining vakolatlarini okrugning biriktirilmagan va qo'shilmagan hududlarida qonuniy ravishda amalga oshirishlari mumkin.[72] Biroq, ular, birinchi navbatda, faqat okrugning birlashmagan hududlari uchun huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmatlarini ko'rsatadilar va odatda o'zlarining politsiya idoralariga ega bo'lgan birlashtirilgan shaharlarda patrul qilmaydilar. Sheriflar va ularning o'rinbosarlari shtat miqyosida ularning huzurida yoki nuqtai nazari bilan sodir etilgan har qanday jinoiy huquqbuzarlik uchun (ba'zi bir yo'l harakati qoidalari buzilishidan tashqari) hibsga olish uchun kafolatsiz vakolatlarga ega.[73] Ular, shuningdek, shtatning istalgan joyida hibsga olishga order berishlari mumkin.[74]

Texas sherifining vazifalariga, odatda, aholiga huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmatlarini ko'rsatish, okrug qamoqxonasini saqlash, okrug va tuman sudlari uchun sud ijrochilarini ta'minlash va ba'zi hollarda undan chiqarilgan jarayonga xizmat ko'rsatish kiradi (mas'ul ofisi ko'pchilik uchun mas'uldir fuqarolik jarayoni).

Xarris okrugi

The Xarris okrugi sherifining idorasi bu Texasdagi eng yirik sherifning idorasi va AQShdagi to'rtinchi o'rin, 2005 yilda qasamyod qilingan xodimlar soni 2537 kishini tashkil etgan.[75] 2000 yilda deputatlarning 60% qamoqxona operatsiyalariga, 26% patrulga, 12% tergovga va 1% xizmat ko'rsatish jarayoniga tayinlangan.[76]

Texasdagi eng kichik sherifning ofisi Borden okrugida, sherif va o'rinbosari bor.

Yuta

Yuta shtatidagi eng qadimgi sherifning ofisi 1847 yilda Mormon kashshoflari kelganidan ko'p o'tmay tuzilgan Solt Leyk okrugi sherifi idorasi edi. Bo'limning patrul xizmati 2010 yil 1 yanvar, juma kuni yarim tunda tarqatib yuborilgan va o'rniga uning o'rniga Buyuk Tuz ko'lining yagona politsiya boshqarmasi (UPD).[77]

Yuta shtatidagi sheriflar hanuzgacha okrugidagi barcha ovoz beradigan aholi tomonidan saylanadi. Sherif saylanganda Yuta shtati tomonidan tasdiqlangan tinchlik bo'yicha ofitseri bo'lishi yoki saylovdan ko'p o'tmay sertifikatlanishi kerak. Yuta shtatidagi barcha tinchlik amaldorlari POST (Tinchlik bo'yicha ofitserni standartlashtirish va o'qitish) nomi bilan tanilgan Yuta tinchlik amaldorlari akademiyasi tomonidan sertifikatlangan. Sheriflar sudlarni himoya qilish uchun javobgardir, shu maqsadda sud ijrochilari ishlaydilar. Shuningdek, ular qamoqxonani o'z tumanlari hududida tuzatish ishlari bilan shug'ullanadilar. Sherifning o'rinbosarlari okrugning birlashtirilmagan qismiga muntazam ravishda huquqni muhofaza qilish xizmatlarini ko'rsatadilar va politsiya xodimlari hisoblanadi.

Sherif idorasining bir qismi sudlarning ko'rsatmasi bilan fuqarolik ishlarini olib boradi. Yuta shtati tomonidan tasdiqlangan tinchlik bo'yicha barcha ofitserlar Yuta shtati bo'ylab hibsga olish huquqiga ega. Shuningdek, ular shtatdan tashqarida, davlat ichida sodir etilgan jinoyatlar uchun hibsga olinishi mumkin. Yuta shtati tashqarisida Yuta shtati Tinchlik zobitlari tomonidan hibsga olingan shaxslar ekstraditsiya qilish uchun mahalliy hokimiyatga topshirilishi kerak. Yuta shtatidagi tinchlik bo'yicha zobitlar hibsga olinganlarni ekstraditsiya qilmasdan qaytarib berishlari mumkin, agar ular shtatdan chiqib ketgandan keyin hibsga olinsa.

Vermont

Vermontdagi sherifning vazifalari o'n to'rtta tuman sudlari va ikkita tuman sudlari uchun xavfsizlikni ta'minlashni o'z ichiga oladi.[78][79] fuqarolik va jinoiy hujjatlarga xizmat ko'rsatish, mahbuslarni tashish, shaharlarni patrul qilish, avtotransport vositalari va qor mototsiklini boshqarish va maxsus tadbirlar xavfsizligini ta'minlash.

Virjiniya

Sherifning mavqei Virjiniya Konstitutsiyasida belgilanadi, sherif va ularning o'rinbosarlari butun mamlakat bo'ylab fuqarolik va bir vaqtda jinoiy yurisdiksiyaga ega. Sheriflar muddati to'rt yilga mo'ljallangan va bu muddat cheklanmagan. Boshqa shtatlardan farqli o'laroq, sherif huquqni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha bosh ofitser bo'lishi shart emas; politsiya bo'limiga ega bo'lgan shaharda politsiya boshlig'i nizomga binoan bunday farqga ega. Biroq, sherif har qanday okrugda huquqni muhofaza qilish bosh ofitseri hisoblanadi. Bunday sohalarda Politsiya boshlig'i birlashgan shaharlarda yoki shaharlarda bo'lgani kabi, eng yuqori lavozimli ofitser.

Virjiniya noyobligi bilan 38 yoshda Mustaqil shaharlar mustaqil yurisdiktsiyalardir va har qanday okrugdan butunlay ajralib turadi. Shunday qilib, aksariyat shaharlarda (Poquoson va Franklin kabi istisnolardan tashqari) sheriflar saylangan, ularning aksariyati sud va qamoqxonalar faoliyatiga qaratilgan. Qonunga ko'ra, sheriflar Hamdo'stlikning barcha qonunlarini ular xizmat ko'rsatadigan yurisdiksiyada qo'llashlari mumkin. Ba'zi shahar sheriflari (masalan, Portsmut va Nyuport Nyus) ham shahar politsiyasi bilan birgalikda qo'ng'iroqlarga javob berish va yo'l harakati qoidalarini buzishda ishlaydi.

Poquoson va Franklin kabi shaharlarda bu shaharlar okrugdan o'sib chiqqan va haligacha o'sha okrug sherifidan fuqarolik ishlari va sud xizmatlari uchun foydalanadilar. Ushbu sherifning idoralari hali ham o'sha shaharlarda bir vaqtning o'zida yurisdiktsiyaga ega, ammo shahar politsiyasiga jinoiy / yo'l harakati bilan bog'liq masalalarni hal qilishga imkon berib, odatda ularni amalga oshirmaydi.

Barcha sheriflar fuqarolik ishlari, qamoqxonalar, soliqlarni to'lash va sud qarorlarini qondirish uchun sotuvlarni o'tkazish uchun javobgardir.

1983 yildan beri, Bosh Assambleya tumanlarga referendum orqali politsiya idoralarini tashkil etishga ruxsat beruvchi qonunchilikni qabul qilganidan beri, faqat etti okrug buni amalga oshirdi. Henriko va Chesterfild singari ushbu okruglarning aksariyatida sheriflar idoralari jinoiy ijro etuvchi hokimiyatni tuman politsiyasi bilan birgalikda foydalanadilar, ammo odatda tuman politsiyasi ko'pchilik jinoyatlarni tekshirishiga imkon beradi.

Uilyamsburg shahri 1699 yilda Jeyms Siti okrugidan shahar sifatida tarkib topgan. 1983 yilgacha sherif idorasi Jeyms Siti okrugidagi barcha politsiya vazifalarini bajargan, sherif esa Uilyamsburg uchun sud / qamoqxona funktsiyalarini bajargan. Jeyms Siti okrugi o'zining politsiya bo'limini tashkil qilganida, ushbu bo'lim alohida agentlikka aylanishidan oldin ikki yil davomida okrug sherifi ostida ishlagan. Uilyamsburgning sherif idorasi atigi 8 xodimdan iborat bo'lib, u oxir-oqibat okrug sherifi bilan birlashib, Uilyamsburg-Jeyms Siti okrugi sherifining ofisini tashkil qildi.

1990-yillarning boshlarida Bosh assambleya barcha sheriflar uchun formani jigarrang chiziqli qora tanli shimlar bilan to'q jigarrang ko'ylaklar sifatida tayinladi. Sherif idorasi transport vositalari to'q jigarrang bo'lib, old eshiklarida besh burchakli yulduz va yukxonasida "Sherif idorasi" bo'lishi kerak edi. Besh ballli yulduz yulduzning yarim doirasida yurisdiktsiya nomini va uning ostida yarim doirada "Sherif ofisi" ni ko'rsatishi kerak.

21-asrning birinchi o'n yilligining boshlarida sheriflarga oq transport vositalarini sotib olishga ruxsat berish to'g'risidagi qonun hujjatlari qabul qilindi (agar shahar yoki okrug tomonidan kelishilgan bo'lsa) va sheriflar o'rinbosarlariga sherif tanlagan har qanday rang formasini kiyish mumkin. Sheriflarning transport vositalarida avvalgidek old eshiklarda yulduzcha va yukxonada belgilar bo'lishi kerak.

Sherif idorasi mahalliy politsiya boshqarmalari bilan birgalikda transportni boshqarish, yo'l chaqiruvlarini berish va davlat va mahalliy huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralari bilan ishlashda yordam beradi. Bundan tashqari, sherifning o'rinbosarlari yordam berishadi okrug politsiyasi, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Marshals Service va Federal tergov byurosi qo'shma qochqin ishchi guruh amaldagi orderlarga duch kelgan jinoyatchilarni ushlash va hibsga olishni ta'minlaydi. Sheriflar va politsiya shuningdek ruhiy salomatlik yordamini olish uchun buyruq berilganlarni hibsga olish to'g'risidagi buyruqlarni bajarish mas'uliyatini o'z zimmalariga olishadi, ammo agar bu mavzu ko'chirilsa, ko'pincha yurisdiktsiya deputatlari transportni olib boradilar.

Sarlavha bo'yicha farq yo'q, sherifda ishlaydiganlarning barchasi deputatlardir. Barcha deputatlar va militsiya xodimlari DCJS (Jinoyat ishlari bo'yicha sud departamenti) tomonidan belgilangan davlat sertifikatlashtirish standartlariga javob berishi kerak.

Qonunga ko'ra, sheriflar bir vaqtning o'zida saylanmaydilar. Okrug sheriflari raqamli yillarda lavozimga qasamyod qilishadi; shahar sheriflari g'alati raqamlarda o'z lavozimlariga qasamyod qilishadi. Har bir saylovdan so'ng barcha deputatlar qayta qasamyod qilishlari kerak. Sheriflar istaganicha ishga olish va ishdan bo'shatish bo'yicha to'liq vakolatlarga ega; sherif muovinlari sherifning roziligi bilan xizmat qiladi. Agar tuman yoki shahar mablag 'bilan to'ldirishni xohlamasa, sherifning idoralari to'liq davlat tomonidan moliyalashtiriladi.

Vashington

Skagit okrugi, Vashington sherifning transport vositasi

Yilda Vashington, o'ttiz to'qqizta okrugning har bir sherifi to'rt yillik muddatga saylanadigan mansabdor shaxsdir.

Pirs okrugi saylovchilari 2006 yil 7 noyabrda xartning 1-o'zgartishini qabul qilish uchun ovoz berishdi, sherifning lavozimini tayinlanganidan saylanganga o'zgartirish. 30 yil ichidagi birinchi sherif saylovi 2008 yilda bo'lib o'tgan.

Sherif okrugning huquqni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha bosh ofitseri bo'lib, unga Vashington shtati va ularning vakolatxonasi vakili bo'lgan okrugning jinoyat qonunlarini ijro etish, shuningdek xizmat ko'rsatish (sherif ko'rsatgan xizmatlari uchun etarli to'lovni olganidan keyin) yoki fuqarolik protsesslarini (sud qarorlari, ko'chirish, mol-mulkni undirib olish, soliq qarzdorligi kabi) tuman sherifining fuqarolik bo'linmasiga to'lov amalga oshirilgandan so'ng amalga oshirish. [2]; tuman qamoqxonalarini saqlash; sud binosi xavfsizligini ta'minlash; va tegishli bo'lmagan hududlarda umumiy huquqni muhofaza qilishni ta'minlash.[80] Ko'pgina shaharlarda politsiya xizmatlari shahar politsiyasi bo'limi o'rniga sherif bo'limi bilan shartnoma asosida tuzilgan.

The King County Sherif shtatdagi eng yirik sherif idorasi. Biroq, ushbu okrugdagi sherif, King County qamoqxonasi uchun vakolatiga ega emas, chunki u o'z nazoratidan ajratilgan.

G'arbiy Virjiniya

Yilda G'arbiy Virjiniya, berilgan sherif okrug ikkita alohida vazifani bajaradi. Ular okrugda huquqni muhofaza qilishning bosh ofitserlari, garchi bu vazifaning katta qismi ularning bosh o'rinbosarlari tomonidan amalga oshiriladi. Shuningdek, ular okrug tufayli har qanday soliqlarni yig'ish uchun javobgardir. Ko'plab sheriflar professional huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarida ishlashgan bo'lsa, boshqalari siyosatchilar yoki boshqa mahalliy taniqli shaxslardir. G'arbiy Virjiniya sheriflari ketma-ket to'rt yillik shartlar bilan cheklangan.

Viskonsin

Yilda Viskonsin, sherif bo'limlari shahar va qishloqlarda o'zlarining politsiya bo'limlarini ta'minlash uchun etarli bo'lmagan huquqni muhofaza qilish uchun javobgardir. Agar sherif bo'limi so'ralsa, mahalliy bo'limlarga ham yordam berishi mumkin. Yilda Miluoki okrugi xususan, sherif bo'limi hamma uchun rekord agentlikdir harflar bilan yozilgan tuman magistral yo'llari, tumanning avtomagistral tizimi, Miluoki Mitchell xalqaro aeroporti, birlashtirilmagan joylar va tuman parki tizimi.

Vayoming

Taniqli amerikalik sheriflar

Xayoliy Amerika sheriflari

Ko'pchilik G'arb filmlari xususiyati sheriflari chegara yo buzuq zaiflar yoki oxir-oqibat o'z shaharlarini barcha yomon elementlaridan xalos qiladigan ulug'vor qahramonlar. Qarang Qaytib ketishni bekor qiling va Dodj Siti oxirgi turdagi ikkita misol uchun. Xayoliy sheriflarga quyidagilar kiradi:


Xayoliy sheriflarning boshqa muhim vakillari ham bo'lgan Kolli Entragian (Umidsizlik va Regulyatorlar ), Alan Pangborn yilda Dark Dark va Kerakli narsalar va Edgler Vess yilda Din Koontz roman, Zichlik.

AQShdagi eng yirik sheriflar idoralari

Bo'limShtatTo'liq vaqtli qasamyod qilingan xodim (2004)[90]
Los Anjeles Co.Kaliforniya8,239
Cook Co.Illinoys6,900
Broward Co.Florida5,400
Harris Co.Texas2,545
Hillsborough Co.Florida2,486
Orange Co.Kaliforniya2,119
JeksonvillFlorida1,650
Sakramento Co.Kaliforniya1,565
San Bernardino Co.Kaliforniya1,542
Riverside Co.Kaliforniya1,490
Orange Co.Florida1,304
Oakland Co.Michigan1,300
San-Diego Co.Kaliforniya1,261
Palm Beach Co.Florida1,153
Alameda Co.Kaliforniya923
Pinellas Co.Florida920
Ueyn Co.Michigan900
East Baton Rouge ParishLuiziana890
Erie Co.Nyu York811
San-Fransisko Co.Kaliforniya795
Contra Costa Co.Kaliforniya759
Maricopa Co.Arizona731
Ventura Co.Kaliforniya729
King Co.Vashington700
Richland Co.Janubiy Karolina700
Manatee Co.Florida687
Passaic Co.Nyu-Jersi667
Jefferson ParishLuiziana662
Calcasieu ParishLuiziana642
Fulton Co.Gruziya635
Travis Co.Texas617
Tulare Co.Kaliforniya606
Milwaukee Co.Viskonsin605
Pima Co.Arizona600
Collier Co.Florida598
Sent-Tammaniy ParishLuiziana588
Will Co.Illinoys581
Li Co.Florida545
Jefferson Co.Alabama538
Polk Co.Florida529
Hamilton Co.Ogayo shtati517
Fairfax Co.Virjiniya516
Kern Co.Kaliforniya509
Richmond Co.Gruziya501
Shelby Co.Tennessi600
Dallas Co.Texas476
Rapides ParishLuiziana470
Knox Co.Tennessi468
Fresno Co.Kaliforniya464
Brevard Co.Florida460
Jefferson Co.Kolorado457
Tarrant Co.Texas452
Franklin Co.Ogayo shtati449
Bexar Co.Texas444
Hidalgo Co.Texas301

Shuningdek qarang

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