Windows Vista - Windows Vista

Windows Vista

Ning versiyasi Windows NT operatsion tizim
Windows Vista Ultimate-ning skrinshoti ish stoli, vazifalar paneli, Boshlash menyusi, Windows yon paneli, Welcome Center va shisha effektlari Windows Aero
Tuzuvchi	Microsoft
Manba modeli	Yopiq manbali Manba mavjud (orqali Umumiy manbalar tashabbusi )[1]
Chiqarilgan ishlab chiqarish	2006 yil 8-noyabr; 14 yil oldin (2006-11-08)[2]
Umumiy mavjudlik	2007 yil 30-yanvar; 13 yil oldin (2007-01-30)[3]
Yakuniy nashr	Service Pack 2 (6.0.6002)[4] / 2009 yil 26-may; 11 yil oldin (2009-05-26)[5]
Yangilash usuli	Windows yangilanishi Windows Serverni yangilash xizmatlari (WSUS) Tizim markazini sozlash menejeri (SCCM)
Platformalar	IA-32 va x86-64
Kernel turi	Gibrid (NT )
Litsenziya	Mulkiy tijorat dasturlari
Oldingi	Windows XP (2001)
Muvaffaqiyatli	Windows 7 (2009)
Rasmiy veb-sayt	www.microsoft.com/ Windows/ windows-vista/ sukut bo'yicha.aspx
Qo'llab-quvvatlash holati
Asosiy qo'llab-quvvatlash 2012 yil 10 aprelda tugadi Kengaytirilgan qo'llab-quvvatlash 2017 yil 11 aprelda yakunlandi[6]

Windows Vista bu operatsion tizim tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Microsoft a'zosi sifatida Windows NT shaxsiy kompyuterlarda foydalanish uchun operatsion tizimlar oilasi. Rivojlanish tugallandi 2006 yil 8-noyabrda,^[2] Keyingi uch oy ichida u kompyuter texnikasi va dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqaruvchilari, biznes mijozlari va chakana savdo kanallariga bosqichma-bosqich chiqarildi. 2007 yil 30-yanvarda shunday bo'ldi dunyo bo'ylab chiqarilgan^[3] va sotib olish va yuklab olish uchun mavjud bo'lgan Windows Marketplace; bu Windows-ning a orqali taqdim etilgan birinchi versiyasidir raqamli tarqatish platformasi.^[7] Windows Vista-ning chiqarilishi avvalgisining taqdimotidan besh yildan ko'proq vaqt o'tgach, Windows XP, ketma-ket chiqarilishi orasidagi eng uzoq vaqt Microsoft Windows ish stoli operatsion tizimlari.

Windows Vista-ning yangi xususiyatlari yangilanganlarni o'z ichiga oladi grafik foydalanuvchi interfeysi va vizual uslub dublyaj qilingan Aero, deb nomlangan yangi qidiruv komponenti Windows qidiruvi, qayta ishlab chiqilgan tarmoq, audio, bosma va displeyli quyi tizimlar va shu kabi yangi multimedia vositalari Windows DVD Maker. Vista a-da mashinalar orasidagi aloqa darajasini oshirishga qaratilgan uy tarmog'i, foydalanib foydalanuvchilararo almashishni soddalashtirish texnologiyasi fayllar va ommaviy axborot vositalari kompyuterlar va qurilmalar o'rtasida. Windows Vista 3.0 versiyasini o'z ichiga olgan .NET Framework, ruxsat berish dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiquvchilari an'anaviy holda arizalar yozish Windows API-lari.

Windows Vista-da Microsoft-ning asosiy maqsadi Windows operatsion tizimidagi xavfsizlik holatini yaxshilash edi.^[8] Umumiy Windows XP-ni tanqid qilish va uning o'tmishdoshlari odatda ekspluatatsiya qilingan xavfsizlik zaifliklari va umuman sezuvchanlik zararli dastur, viruslar va bufer toshib ketadi. Shu nuqtai nazardan, Microsoft raisi Bill Geyts 2002 yil boshida butun kompaniya to'g'risida e'lon qildi "Ishonchli hisoblash kompaniyada dasturiy ta'minotni ishlab chiqishning barcha jihatlariga xavfsizlikni qo'shishni maqsad qilgan tashabbus ".^[9] Microsoft Windows XP va. Xavfsizligini yaxshilashga ustuvor ahamiyat berganligini ta'kidladi Windows Server 2003 Windows Vista-ni tugatishdan yuqori, shuning uchun uning tugashini kechiktirish.^[10][11]

Ushbu yangi xususiyatlar va xavfsizlikning yaxshilanishi ijobiy sharhlarni to'plagan bo'lsa-da, Vista ko'plab tanqid va salbiy matbuotning maqsadi bo'ldi. Windows Vista-ni tanqid qilish tizimning yuqori talablariga, litsenziyalashning cheklangan muddatlariga, keyinchalik yangi bo'lganlarning bir nechtasini kiritishga qaratilgan DRM himoyalangan raqamli ommaviy axborot vositalarini nusxalashni cheklash, ba'zi bir Vista-dan oldingi apparat va dasturiy ta'minot bilan mos kelmaslik, uzoqroq yuklash vaqti va avtorizatsiya so'rovlari sonini cheklashga qaratilgan texnologiyalar. Foydalanuvchi hisobini boshqarish. Ushbu va boshqa muammolar natijasida, Windows Vista Windows XP-dan pastroq qabul qilish va qoniqish darajasini pasaytirdi.^[12] Shu bilan birga, Vista-dan foydalanish Microsoft-ning ishga tushirishdan oldin ikki yillik kutishidan 200 million foydalanuvchini qamrab olishdan oshib ketdi, 2009 yil yanvar oyida taxminan 330 million Internet foydalanuvchisi.^[13][14]

Vorisining ozod etilishida, Windows 7 (2009 yil oktyabr), Windows Vista (taxminan 400 million Internet foydalanuvchisi bilan) Internetda 19% bozor ulushiga ega bo'lgan ikkinchi eng keng tarqalgan operatsion tizim bo'lib, eng ko'p ishlatiladigan Windows XP bozor ulushi taxminan 63 foizni tashkil etdi.^[15] 2010 yil may oyida Windows Vista bozor ulushi taxminan 15% dan 26% gacha bo'lgan oraliqni tashkil etdi.^[16][17] 2010 yil 22 oktyabrda Microsoft Windows Vista-ning chakana nusxalarini sotishni to'xtatdi va bir yildan so'ng Vista uchun OEM sotuvlari to'xtadi.^[18]

Vista-ni asosiy qo'llab-quvvatlash 2012 yil 10 aprelda tugadi,^[19] va kengaytirilgan qo'llab-quvvatlash 2017 yil 11 aprelda yakunlandi.^[20] 2020 yil oktyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], Vista-ning bozordagi ulushi Windows-ning umumiy ulushining 0,39% (barcha an'anaviy shaxsiy kompyuterlarning 0,24%) gacha pasayib ketdi.^[21]

Rivojlanish

Microsoft o'z vaqtida ma'lum bo'lgan Windows Vista-da ish boshladi kod nomi "Longhorn", 2001 yil may oyida,^[22] chiqarilishidan besh oy oldin Windows XP. Dastlab uni 2003 yil oxirida Windows XP va "Blackcomb" o'rtasida kichik qadam sifatida etkazib berish kutilgan edi, bu kompaniyaning navbatdagi yirik operatsion tizim versiyasi bo'lishi rejalashtirilgan edi (oxir-oqibat u quyidagicha chiqadi) Windows 7 ). Asta-sekin "Longhorn" Blackcomb uchun yaratilgan ko'plab muhim yangi xususiyatlar va texnologiyalarni o'zlashtirdi, natijada uch yil ichida chiqish sanasi bir necha marta orqaga surildi. Longhornning ba'zi binolarida ularning litsenziya shartnomasida "Microsoft" Whistler "kodli mahsuloti uchun" deb yozilgan. Microsoft-ning ko'plab ishlab chiquvchilari Windows XP va Windows Server 2003 xavfsizlikni mustahkamlash. Doimiy kechikishlar va xavotirlarga duch keldi xususiyati sudraluvchi, Microsoft 2004 yil 27 avgustda o'z rejalarini qayta ko'rib chiqqanligini e'lon qildi. Shu sababli, Longhorn Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 kod bazasini tarkibiy qismlarga qo'shish va vaqt o'tishi bilan operatsion tizimning haqiqiy chiqarilishi uchun mo'ljallangan xususiyatlarni qayta tiklash ishlarini boshlash uchun qayta tiklandi. Biroq, ba'zi ilgari e'lon qilingan xususiyatlar WinFS qoldirildi yoki qoldirildi va yangi dasturiy ta'minotni ishlab chiqish metodologiyasi Xavfsizlikni rivojlantirish hayot tsikli dasturlashtirilgan Windows kod bazasi xavfsizligi bilan bog'liq muammolarni hal qilish uchun kiritilgan C, C ++ va yig'ilish. Longxorn Vista nomi bilan 2005 yilda tanilgan.^[23][24]

Longhorn kabi

Ish stolidagi skrinshot Microsoft Windows kod nomi Longxorn qurish 6.0.4074 (Milestone 7), ko'rsatib turibdi Boshlash menyusi, ning dastlabki versiyasi Windows ish stoli yon paneli, "Mening kompyuterim" oynasi va "Slate" vizual uslubi mavzusi

Longhornning dastlabki rivojlanish bosqichlari odatda Windows XP-ning takomillashtirilgan yangilanishlari bilan ajralib turardi. Ushbu davrda, Microsoft ishlayotgan narsalar haqida ancha jim turdi, chunki ularning marketing va jamoatchilik bilan aloqalari Windows XP-ga ko'proq yo'naltirilgan edi va Windows Server 2003, 2003 yil aprel oyida chiqarilgan. Vaqti-vaqti bilan Longhornning qurilishi ommabop bo'lib chiqdi fayl almashish kabi tarmoqlar ARM, BitTorrent, eDonkey va turli xil yangiliklar guruhlari va shuning uchun 2003 yil may oyida Longhornning birinchi sanktsiyalangan rivojlanish chiqishiga qadar qurilishlar haqida ma'lum bo'lgan narsalarning aksariyati ushbu qurilishlardan olingan.

Microsoft-ning Longhorn bilan bo'lgan bir necha oylik yangiliklari yoki faoliyatlaridan so'ng, Microsoft 2003 yil 28-fevralda Internetda paydo bo'lgan Build 4008-ni chiqardi.^[25] Shuningdek, u tanlab olingan dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqaruvchilar guruhiga topshirildi. 3683-ning evolyutsiyaviy versiyasi sifatida u bir nechta kichik yaxshilanishlarni, shu jumladan o'zgartirilgan ko'k "Plex" mavzusini va boshidanoq grafik rejimda ishlaydigan yangi soddalashtirilgan Windows-ga asoslangan o'rnatuvchini va operatsion tizimni o'rnatishni yakunladi. Windows XP operatsion tizimining taxminan uchdan bir qismi shu uskunada. Ixtiyoriy "yangi vazifalar paneli" joriy etildi, u avvalgi tuzilishga qaraganda ingichka va vaqtni boshqacha ko'rsatgan.

Windows Vista logotipi

Vizual va funktsional jihatdan eng katta farq Windows Explorer bilan ta'minlandi. Plex mavzusining qo'shilishi ko'k rangni butun dasturning ustun rangiga aylantirdi. Windows XP uslubidagi vazifalar oynasi deyarli to'liq asboblar paneli ostida paydo bo'lgan katta gorizontal oynaga almashtirildi. Yangi qidiruv interfeysi natijalarni filtrlash, Windows yordamini qidirish va WinFS bilan integratsiya qilish uchun ishlatiladigan tabiiy tilda so'rovlarni amalga oshirishga imkon berdi. Animatsiya qilingan qidiruv belgilar ham olib tashlandi. "Ko'rish rejimlari" shuningdek, slayder joylashgan joyga qarab, real vaqtda, ro'yxat, kichik rasm yoki tafsilotlar rejimida piktogrammalarning o'lchamlarini o'zgartiradigan bitta slayder bilan almashtirildi. Fayl metama'lumotlari ham ko'rinadigan va osonlikcha tahrir qilinadigan bo'lib, etishmayotgan ma'lumotlarni to'ldirishga faol rag'batlantirildi. Bundan tashqari, Windows Explorer-ni a-ga aylantirish ham e'tiborga molik edi .NET dastur.

Longhorn va Vista-ning aksariyat tuzilmalari har doim ish stolining pastki o'ng burchagida ko'rsatiladigan yorliq bilan aniqlangan. Odatda qurilish yorlig'i "Longhorn Build 3663.Lab06_N.020728-1728" ga o'xshaydi. Qurilishning yuqori raqamlari avtomatik ravishda Microsoft-ning har bir ishlab chiquvchi guruhining so'nggi funktsiyalari kiritilganligini anglatmaydi. Odatda, ma'lum bir funktsiya yoki quyi tizimda ishlaydigan guruh, ishlab chiquvchilar sinovdan o'tkazadigan ish tuzilishini yaratadi va agar kod barqaror deb hisoblanganda, barcha o'zgarishlar bir vaqtning o'zida asosiy rivojlanish daraxtiga kiritiladi. Microsoft-da bir nechta "Qurilish laboratoriyalari" mavjud bo'lib, ularda butun Windows kompilyatsiyasi jamoa tomonidan bajarilishi mumkin. Har qanday berilgan qurilish laboratoriyasining nomi qurilish yorlig'ining bir qismi sifatida ko'rsatiladi va qurilish sanasi va vaqti unga amal qiladi. Ba'zi tuzilmalar (masalan, Beta 1 va Beta 2) faqat versiya haqidagi ma'lumot oynasida (Winver) qurilish yorlig'ini aks ettiradi. Ushbu tuzilmalarda ishlatiladigan piktogrammalar Windows XP-dan.

Da Windows Hardware Engineering konferentsiyasi (WinHEC) 2003 yil may oyida Microsoft o'zining birinchi ish stoli oynasi menejeri va Aero. Namoyishlar hech qachon chiqarilmagan, qayta ishlangan 4015 qurilishida amalga oshirildi. Konferentsiyada ishlab chiquvchilar va apparat muhandislari uchun bir nechta mashg'ulotlar ushbu yangi xususiyatlarga, shuningdek Keyingi avlod xavfsiz hisoblash bazasi (ilgari "Paladyum" nomi bilan tanilgan), bu o'sha paytda Microsoft tomonidan tizimning istalgan komponentlarini "ishonchli" deb hisoblashi mumkin bo'lgan xavfsiz hisoblash muhitini yaratish bo'yicha taklif qilingan echim edi. Shuningdek, ushbu konferentsiyada Microsoft "2005 yil boshida" chiqish sanasini ko'rsatib, Longhornni etkazib berish bo'yicha yo'l xaritasini takrorladi.^[26]

Ishlab chiqishni tiklash

2004 yilga kelib, Microsoft-ning Windows jamoasi Windows-ning navbatdagi versiyasini to'ldirish va uni xaridorlarga etkazib berish uchun nima qilish kerakligini unutayotganliklari aniq bo'ldi. Ichki tomondan, ba'zi Microsoft xodimlari Longhorn loyihasini "boshqa Qohira" yoki "Cairo.NET" deb ta'riflashar edi. Qohirani rivojlantirish loyihasi kompaniyaning 1990-yillarning birinchi yarmidan boshlab, bu hech qachon yuk tashish operatsion tizimiga olib kelmagan (garchi o'sha paytda ishlab chiqarilgan deyarli barcha texnologiyalar oxiriga etgan bo'lsa ham) Windows 95 va Windows NT^[27]). Microsoft 2005 yilda Apple tomonidan chiqarilganidan hayratda qoldi Mac OS X Tiger. Bu Longhorn uchun rejalashtirilgan cheklangan kichik funktsiyalar to'plamini, xususan tez fayllarni qidirish va integratsiyalashgan grafikalar va tovushlarni qayta ishlashni taklif qildi, ammo zamonaviy Longhorn tuzilmalari bilan solishtirganda ta'sirchan ishonchliligi va ishlashiga ega edi.^[28] Longhornning aksariyat qurilishlari katta ahamiyatga ega edi Windows Explorer tizimning oqishi, bu operatsion tizimning yaxshi ishlashiga to'sqinlik qildi va keyinchalik ishlab chiqilgan guruhlarda barqarorlikka erisha olmagan kodlar ishlab chiqilganligi sababli rivojlanish guruhlariga ko'proq chalkashliklar qo'shildi.

2005 yil 23 sentyabrdagi birinchi sahifadagi maqolada The Wall Street Journal,^[29] Microsoft hamraisi Jim Allchin Windows-ni ishlab chiqish va etkazib berish uchun umumiy javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga olgan Longhornning rivojlanishi "erga qulab tushgan "ligi sababli, asosan, funktsiyalar joriy qilingan va operatsion tizimning yadrosiga qo'shilgan tartibsiz usullar tufayli. yakuniy mahsulotga aniq e'tibor. Allchin 2003 yil dekabrida qanday qilib boshqa ikkita yuqori darajali rahbarlardan yordam so'raganligi haqida gapirib berdi, u avvallari Microsoft-da, xususan Windows Server 2003-da yuk tashish dasturlari bilan tajribali bo'lgan Brian Valentine va Amitabh Srivastava.^[30] va ikkinchisi o'z karerasini Microsoft-da yuqori sifatli sinov tizimlarini ishlab chiqarish usullarini o'rganish va ishlab chiqishda o'tkazgan.^[31] Srivastava Windows operatsion tizimining vizual xaritasini yaratish va kodlarning yuqori sifatini ta'minlaydigan, tarkibiy qismlar o'rtasidagi o'zaro bog'liqlikni kamaytiradigan va umuman olganda "vaziyatni yomonlashtirmaydigan" rivojlanish jarayoni ustida faol ish olib borish uchun asosiy me'morlardan tashkil topgan guruhdan foydalangan. Vista bilan ".^[32] Microsoft Longhorn-ni qo'shimcha tarkibiy qismlarga qo'shish kerak degan qarorga kelganligi sababli, Omega-13 seriyasidagi ish boshlandi, ular mavjud Windows Server 2003 manba kodlarini tarkibiy qismlarga qo'shib qo'ydi va vaqt o'tishi bilan rivojlanish rivojlanib borgan sari o'z funksiyalarini qo'shdi. Future Longhorn qurilishi Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 dan boshlanadi va u erda davom etadi.

Microsoft xodimlariga 2004 yil 26 avgustda e'lon qilingan ushbu o'zgarish sentyabr oyida jiddiy ravishda boshlandi, ammo yangi rivojlanish jarayoni va ishlab chiqarish metodologiyasi barcha rivojlanish guruhlari tomonidan qo'llanilishi uchun yana bir necha oy kerak bo'ldi. Shaxsiy ishlab chiquvchilar va Bill Geytsning o'zi tomonidan bir qator shikoyatlar kelib tushdi, yangi rivojlanish jarayoni ichida ishlash juda qiyin bo'ladi.

Windows Vista sifatida

Taxminan 2004 yil noyabrga qadar kompaniya yakuniy chiqarilish uchun oddiydan hayoliy va ixtirochilikka qadar bo'lgan bir nechta nomlarni ko'rib chiqdi. Oxir oqibat, Microsoft Windows Vista-ni 2005-yil 22-iyulda tasdiqlanganidek tanladi va uni "mahsulot aslida nima qilayotgani, Windows nimani anglatishini va mijozlar bilan qanday rezonanslashayotganini va ularning ehtiyojlarini ajoyib chorrahasi" deb hisobladi. Guruh loyihasi menejeri Greg Sallivan Pol Thurrottga "Siz kompyuterning sizga moslashishini va siz uchun muhim bo'lgan narsalarga e'tiboringizni qaratish uchun tartibsizlikni kesib tashlashingizga yordam berishni xohlaysiz. Windows Vista-ning mohiyati shundan iborat:" o'z dunyosingizga oydinlik kiritish "(ma'lumotnoma) Vista-ning uchta marketing nuqtasiga - aniq, bog'langan, ishonchli), shuning uchun siz o'zingiz uchun muhim bo'lgan narsalarga e'tiboringizni qaratishingiz mumkin ".^[33] Microsoft korporatsiyasining hamraisi Jim Allchin ham "Vista yangi mahsulot imkoniyatlari uchun to'g'ri tasvirlarni yaratadi va Windows yordamida amalga oshiriladigan barcha imkoniyatlar bilan tasavvurni ilhomlantiradi - bu odamlarning ehtiroslarini jonlantirishdir", deb aytgan.^[34]

Longhorndan keyin Windows Vista 2005 yil iyulida misli ko'rilmagan edi beta-test yuz minglab ko'ngillilar va kompaniyalarni o'z ichiga olgan dastur boshlandi. O'sha yilning sentyabr oyida Microsoft doimiy ravishda chiqara boshladi Jamiyat texnologiyasini oldindan ko'rish (CTP) beta-testerlarga 2005 yil iyuldan 2006 yil fevralgacha. Ulardan birinchisi 2005 yilgi Microsoft-da tarqatilgan Professional ishlab chiquvchilar konferentsiyasi va keyinchalik beta testerlarga chiqarildi va Microsoft Developer Network obunachilar. Keyingi tuzilmalar yakuniy mahsulot uchun rejalashtirilgan xususiyatlarning aksariyatini, shuningdek, foydalanuvchi interfeysidagi bir qator o'zgarishlarni, asosan, beta-testerlarning fikr-mulohazalariga asoslangan. Windows Vista 2006 yil 22 fevralda chiqarilgan "Fevral CTP" ning chiqarilishi bilan to'liq xususiyatga ega deb topildi va ushbu qurilish va mahsulotning yakuniy chiqarilishi o'rtasidagi ishlarning aksariyati barqarorlik, ishlash, dastur va haydovchining muvofiqligi va hujjatlari. May oyi oxirida chiqarilgan Beta 2 Microsoft klientlarini oldindan ko'rish dasturi orqali keng ommaga taqdim etilgan birinchi qurilish bo'ldi. U 5 milliondan ortiq marta yuklab olingan. Sentabr va oktyabr oylarida ikkita ozodlikka chiqqan nomzodlar kuzatildi, ularning ikkalasi ham ko'plab foydalanuvchilarga taqdim etildi.^[35]

Da Intel Developer Forum 2006 yil 9 martda Microsoft Windows Vista-da EFI-ni qo'llab-quvvatlash rejalarini o'zgartirganligini e'lon qildi. The UEFI 2.0 spetsifikatsiyasi (EFI 1.10 o'rnini bosgan) 2006 yil boshigacha tugallanmagan edi va Microsoft e'lon qilgan paytda biron bir proshivka ishlab chiqaruvchisi sinov uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan ishlab chiqarishni yakunlamagan edi. Natijada, Windows-ga UEFI-ni qo'llab-quvvatlashni joriy etishni kechiktirish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilindi; 64 bitli platformalarda UEFI-ni qo'llab-quvvatlash Vista Service Pack 1 va keyingisiga qoldirildi Windows Server 2008 va 32-bitli UEFI qo'llab-quvvatlanmaydi, chunki Microsoft bu kabi tizimlarning ko'pi qurilishini kutmagan edi, chunki bozor tezda 64-bitli protsessorlarga o'tmoqda edi.^[36][37]

Microsoft dastlab 2006 yilda butun dunyoda operatsion tizimning iste'molchi versiyalari mavjud bo'lishiga umid qilar edi bayram xaridlari mavsumi, 2006 yil mart oyida kompaniya va Microsoft ta'minotiga bog'liq bo'lgan apparat va dasturiy ta'minot kompaniyalariga berish uchun chiqish sanasi 2007 yil yanvariga o'tkazilishini e'lon qildi. qurilma drayverlari - tayyorlash uchun qo'shimcha vaqt. Chunki a ishlab chiqarishga chiqarish (RTM) build bu chakana sotuvchilarga va boshqa distribyutorlarga yuborilgan kodning yakuniy versiyasidir, RTMdan oldin tuzilishning maqsadi kodni xaridorlarga mas'uliyat bilan etkazib berishiga to'sqinlik qiladigan har qanday so'nggi "shou-stop" xatolarini yo'q qilishdir. iste'molchilar bezovta qiladigan boshqa narsalar kabi. Shunday qilib, biron bir muhim yangi xususiyatlarning paydo bo'lishi ehtimoldan yiroq emas; Buning o'rniga, ish Vista-ning mosligi va tugatilishiga qaratiladi. Bir necha kun ichida ishlab chiquvchilar Vista-ning xatolar sonini 22-sentabrda 2470 dan, oktyabr oyining boshlarida RC2 jo'natilgan vaqtga qadar 1400 dan ozroqqa tushirishga muvaffaq bo'lishdi. Biroq, Vista RTM-ga tayyor bo'lishidan oldin ular hali ham borishlari kerak edi. Microsoft-ning ichki jarayonlari, Vista-da xatolar soni mahsulot RTM-ga o'tib ketgunga qadar 500 ga yoki undan kamiga tushishini talab qildi.^[38] RTM-dan oldingi tuzilmalarning aksariyati uchun ushbu 32-bitli nashrlar faqat chiqarilgan.

2006 yil 14-iyun kuni Windows-ning ishlab chiquvchisi Filipp Su blogiga yozuv kiritdi, u Windows Vista-ning rivojlanish jarayonini rad etdi, "Kod juda murakkab va kodlash tezligi haddan tashqari og'ir jarayon tufayli sekinlashdi".^[39] Xuddi shu xabarda Windows Vista taxminan 50 millionga teng deb ta'riflangan kod satrlari, mahsulot ustida ishlaydigan 2000 ga yaqin ishlab chiquvchilar. 2006 yil 27 iyuldagi Microsoft-ning moliyaviy tahlilchilar yig'ilishida Windows Vista uchun yangi bo'lgan nutqni tanib olish xususiyati namoyishi paytida dastur "Aziz onam" iborasini tanidi "Aziz xola". Xatoni tuzatish uchun bir nechta muvaffaqiyatsiz urinishlardan so'ng, jumla "Hurmatli xola, keling, shunday qilib qo'yaylikki, qotilni ikki baravar o'chirib tashlang".^[40] Keyinchalik Vista-ning nutqni aniqlash bo'yicha guruhi ishlab chiqaruvchisi, Vista-ning tuzilishida xatolik yuz berib, mikrofonga sabab bo'lganligini tushuntirdi darajaga erishish juda baland qilib o'rnatilishi kerak, natijada ovozni nutqni aniqlash dasturi "nihoyatda buzilgan".^[41]

Windows Vista build 5824 (2006 yil 17-oktabr) RTM versiyasi bo'lishi kerak edi, ammo Windows XP-dan yangilangan har qanday tizimni yo'q qilgan xato, bunga to'sqinlik qildi, rivojlanishga zarar etkazdi va uning 2007 yil yanvariga qadar etib borish imkoniyatini pasaytirdi. .^[42]

Windows Vista-ni ishlab chiqish Microsoft 2006 yil 8-noyabrda yakunlanganligini va Windows-ning ishlab chiqilishining hamraisi tomonidan yakunlanganini e'lon qilganida tugadi. Jim Allchin.^[43] RTM-ning qurilish raqami Vista-ning ichki versiya raqamini aks ettirish uchun 6000-ga sakrab chiqdi, NT 6.0.^[44] RTM-ning raqamlarini sakrash iste'molchilarga yo'naltirilgan Windows versiyalari kabi odatiy amaliyotdir, masalan Windows 98 (qurish 1998), Windows 98 SE (qurish 2222), Windows Me (qurish 3000) yoki Windows XP kabi biznesga yo'naltirilgan versiyalar bilan taqqoslaganda (2600 qurish) Windows 2000 (qurish 2195) yoki Server 2003 (qurish 3790). 2006 yil 16-noyabrda Microsoft yakuniy tuzilishini taqdim etdi MSDN va Technet Plus abonentlari.^[45] Biznesga yo'naltirilgan Enterprise nashri 2006 yil 30 noyabrda litsenziya mijozlari uchun taqdim etildi.^[46] Windows Vista 2007 yil 30-yanvarda xaridorlarning umumiy foydalanishlari uchun ishga tushirildi.

Yangi yoki o'zgartirilgan xususiyatlar

Ushbu bo'lim kabi yozilgan tarkibni o'z ichiga oladi reklama. Iltimos yordam bering uni yaxshilang olib tashlash orqali reklama mazmuni va noo'rin tashqi havolalarva a dan yozilgan ensiklopedik tarkibni qo'shish orqali neytral nuqtai nazar. (Iyun 2020) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Windows Vista avvalgilarida mavjud bo'lmagan bir nechta xususiyatlar va funksiyalarni taqdim etdi.

Oxirgi foydalanuvchi

• Windows Aero: Yangi grafik foydalanuvchi interfeysi nomlandi Windows Aero, qaysi Jim Allchin ko'rsatilgan qisqartma Haqiqiy, baquvvat, aks ettiruvchi va ochiq.^[47] Microsoft yangi interfeysni avvalgi Windows versiyalariga qaraganda toza va estetik jihatdan yangi shaffoflar, jonli eskizlar, jonli piktogramma va animatsiyalarga ega bo'lishini maqsad qilgan va shu bilan yangi darajadagi ko'z shakarlamasi. Biroq, noutbuk foydalanuvchilari Aero-ni yoqish batareyaning ishlash muddatini qisqartirishi haqida xabar berishadi^[48][49] va ishlashni pasaytiradi.
• Windows qobig'i: Windows-ning yangi qobig'i yangi tashkil etish, navigatsiya va qidirish imkoniyatlarini taqdim etadi: Vazifa oynalari Windows Explorer tegishli vazifa variantlarini asboblar paneliga qo'shib olib tashlanadi. Umumiy kataloglarga bir marta bosish orqali kirish imkoniyatini beruvchi "Sevimli havolalar" oynasi qo'shildi. Har bir Explorer oynasida qidiruv maydoni paydo bo'ladi. Manzil satri a bilan almashtirildi maydalangan navigatsiya bar. Windows Explorer-dagi ba'zi fayl turlarining piktogrammasi "jonli" bo'lib, ularning o'lchamlari 256 × 256 pikselgacha bo'lishi mumkin. Ko'rib chiqish oynasi foydalanuvchilarga turli xil fayllarning kichik rasmlarini ko'rish va hujjatlar tarkibini ko'rish imkoniyatini beradi. Tafsilotlar oynasi fayl hajmi va turi kabi ma'lumotlarni ko'rsatadi va ularni ko'rish va tahrirlashga imkon beradi o'rnatilgan teglar qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan fayl formatlarida. The Boshlash menyusi ham o'zgargan; tezkor qidiruv maydonchasini o'z ichiga olgan va Barcha dasturlar ro'yxatda Windows XP-da ko'rinadigan kaskadli uchish menyusi o'rniga gorizontal o'tish satridan foydalaniladi. "Ishga tushirish" so'zining o'zi Windows logotipi tushirilgan ko'k shar foydasiga olib tashlandi.
• Windows qidiruvi: Windows Vista-ning yangi qidiruv komponenti tezkor qidiruv (shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan yozayotganda qidirish), bu tezkor qidiruv natijalarini ta'minlaydi, shu bilan fayllarni Windows-ning oldingi versiyalarida topilgan qidirish xususiyatlaridan tezroq topadi va taniqli fayl turlarining tarkibini qidirishi mumkin.^[50] Foydalanuvchilar kabi ba'zi metadata qidirishlari mumkin ism, kengaytma, hajmi, sanasi yoki atributlar.
• Windows yon paneli: Foydalanuvchining joylashtirishi mumkin bo'lgan ekranning o'ng tomoniga mahkamlangan shaffof panel Ish stoli gadjetlari, bu ixtisoslashtirilgan maqsadlar uchun mo'ljallangan kichik appletlar (masalan, ob-havo yoki sport natijalarini ko'rsatish). Gadjetlar ish stolida ham joylashtirilishi mumkin.^[51]
• Windows Internet Explorer 7: Yangi foydalanuvchi interfeysi, yorliqli ko'rib chiqish, RSS, qidiruv maydonchasi, yaxshilangan bosib chiqarish,^[52] Sahifani kattalashtirish, Tezkor yorliqlar (barcha ochiq yorliqlarning eskizlari), Fishingga qarshi filtr, bir qator yangi xavfsizlikni himoya qilish xususiyatlari, Xalqaro domen nomini qo'llab-quvvatlash (IDN) va veb-standartlarni takomillashtirish. Windows Vista-da IE7 operatsion tizimdagi boshqa dasturlardan ajratilgan holda ishlaydi (himoyalangan rejim); ekspluatatsiya va zararli dasturiy ta'minot vaqtinchalik Internet-fayllardan tashqari istalgan joyga yozishni foydalanuvchilarning aniq roziligisiz cheklaydi.
• Windows Media Player 11, musiqa va videoni ijro etish va tartibga solish bo'yicha Microsoft dasturining katta yangilanishi. Ushbu versiyadagi yangi xususiyatlar orasida so'zlar g'ildiragi (izchil qidirish yoki "siz yozayotganda qidirish"), yangi GUI media kutubxonasi, fotosuratlarni namoyish qilish va tashkil etish, musiqa kutubxonalarini tarmoq orqali boshqa Windows Vista mashinalari bilan bo'lishish qobiliyati, Xbox 360 integratsiya va boshqalarni qo'llab-quvvatlash Media Center Extenders.
• Windows Defender: Bir nechta real vaqtda himoya vositalariga ega bo'lgan josuslarga qarshi dastur. Bu dasturiy ta'minotni o'rganish xususiyatini o'z ichiga oladi, bu boshlang'ich dasturlariga kirishni ta'minlaydi va hozirda ishlayotgan dasturiy ta'minotni, tarmoqqa ulangan dasturlarni va Winsock provayderlarini (Winsock LSP) ko'rish imkoniyatini beradi.
• Zaxiralash va tiklash markazi: Foydalanuvchilarga o'zlarining kompyuterlaridagi fayllarning davriy zaxira nusxalarini rejalashtirish va avvalgi zaxira nusxalarini tiklashni rejalashtirish imkoniyatini beruvchi zaxira va tiklash dasturini o'z ichiga oladi. Zaxira nusxalari o'sib boradi, har safar kiritilgan o'zgarishlarni saqlaydi va diskdan foydalanishni minimallashtiradi. Bundan tashqari, u Kompyuterning to'liq zaxira nusxasini yaratadi (faqat mavjud Ultimate, Business va Enterprise nashrlari ), bu butun kompyuterni rasm sifatida qattiq diskka yoki DVDga zaxira nusxasini yaratadi. Kompyuterning to'liq zaxira nusxasi har qanday qo'shimcha ishlamay qolganda avtomatik ravishda qurilmani yangi apparat yoki qattiq diskka o'rnatishi mumkin. Kompyuterni to'liq tiklash Windows Vista-dan yoki Windows Vista-ning o'rnatish kompakt-diskidan, agar kompyuter shunchaki buzilgan bo'lsa, uni qattiq diskdan ishga tushira olmasa, uni boshlash mumkin.
• Windows Mail: Barqarorlikni yaxshilaydigan yangi pochta do'konini o'z ichiga olgan Outlook Express o'rniga,^[53] va birlashtirilgan tezkor qidiruv xususiyatlari. Internet Explorer 7 va u kabi fishing filtriga ega Keraksiz xatlarni filtrlash bu Windows Update orqali muntazam yangilanishlar orqali yaxshilanadi.^[54]
• Windows taqvimi Windows Contacts va Windows Mail bilan birlashtirilgan yangi taqvim va vazifa dasturi. Bu mashhur kabi turli xil taqvim fayllari turlariga mos keladi iCalendar.
• Windows Fotogalereya, foto va kino kutubxonasini boshqarish dasturi. U raqamli kameralardan import qilishi, alohida elementlarni belgilashi va baholashi, ranglari va ta'sirini sozlashi, slayd-shoularni yaratishi va namoyish qilishi mumkin (pan va o'chish effektlari bilan). Direct3D va DVD-ga slayd-shoularni yoqish.
• Windows DVD Maker, uchun sherik dasturi Windows Movie Maker foydalanuvchi mazmuni asosida video DVD yaratish imkoniyatini beradi. Foydalanuvchilar rasmlar yoki slaydlarda sarlavha, menyu, video, soundtrack, pan va zoom harakat effektlari bo'lgan DVD-ni ishlab chiqishi mumkin.
• Windows Media Center, ilgari faqat ma'lum bo'lgan Windows XP-ning alohida nashrida to'plangan Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows Vista-ning Home Premium va Ultimate versiyalariga kiritilgan.
• O'yinlar: Standartning katta qismi Kompyuter o'yinlari Windows-ning oldingi versiyalariga kiritilgan, Vista-ning yangi grafik imkoniyatlarini namoyish etish uchun qayta ishlangan. Windows Vista-da mavjud bo'lgan yangi o'yinlar Shaxmat titanslari (3D) Shaxmat o'yin), Mahjong titanslari (3D) Mahjong o'yin), va Binafsharang joy (kichik o'yinlar to'plami, yosh bolalarga yo'naltirilgan, jumladan, mos keladigan o'yin, pirojnoe yaratuvchisi o'yini va a kiyin jumboq o'yini). Purble Place - bu Windows Vista Home Basic nashrida mavjud bo'lgan yagona o'yin. InkBall Home Premium (yoki undan yaxshi) foydalanuvchilar uchun mavjud.
• Games Explorer: "O'yinlar" deb nomlangan yangi maxsus papka o'rnatilgan video o'yinlar va ular haqidagi ma'lumotlarni ochib beradi. Ushbu metadata Internetdan yangilanishi mumkin.^[55]
• Windows Mobility Center - bu mobil hisoblash bilan bog'liq bo'lgan eng dolzarb ma'lumotlarni (nashrida, tovush, batareyaning darajasi / quvvat sxemasini tanlash, simsiz tarmoq, ekranga yo'naltirish, taqdimot sozlamalari va boshqalar) markazlashtiradigan boshqaruv paneli.
• Windows Faks va skanerlash Faks-modemlari bo'lgan kompyuterlarga faks hujjatlarini yuborish va qabul qilish, shuningdek hujjatlarni skanerlash imkoniyatini beradi. U Windows Vista-ning Home nashrlarida mavjud emas, ammo Business, Enterprise va Ultimate nashrlarida mavjud.
• Windows Uchrashuv maydoni o'rnini bosadi NetMeeting. Foydalanuvchilar dasturlarni (yoki butun ish stolini) mahalliy tarmoqdagi boshqa foydalanuvchilar bilan yoki Internet orqali peer-to-peer texnologiyasidan baham ko'rishlari mumkin (Starter va Home Basic-dan yuqori nashrlar hosting imkoniyatlaridan foydalanishi mumkin, Starter va Home Basic nashrlari faqat "qo'shilish" rejimi bilan cheklangan)
• Windows HotStart mos kompyuterlarga dasturlarni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri operatsion tizimni ishga tushirishdan boshlash yoki tugmani bosish orqali davom ettirish imkonini beradi - bu Microsoft ta'riflagan narsaga imkon beradi jihozga o'xshash mavjudlik, bu kompyuterlarning a ga o'xshash usulda ishlashiga imkon beradi maishiy elektronika qurilmasi kabi a DVD player;^[56] xususiyati shuningdek ta'minlash uchun mo'ljallangan edi tezkor an'anaviy ravishda bog'liq bo'lgan xususiyatlarning mavjudligi mobil qurilmalar.^[57] Microsoft Windows HotStart bilan multimedia stsenariylarini ta'kidlagan bo'lsa-da,^[58] foydalanuvchi ushbu funktsiyani tugmachani afzal ko'rgan dasturni ishga tushirishi uchun sozlashi mumkin.^[59]
• Soya nusxasi avtomatik ravishda fayllar va papkalarning kunlik zaxira nusxalarini yaratadi. Shuningdek, foydalanuvchilar "soya nusxalarini" yaratib, tizimni boshqarish panelidagi Tizim himoyasi yorlig'i yordamida tizimni himoya qilish nuqtasini o'rnatadilar. Foydalanuvchi cheklangan tarix davomida faylning bir nechta versiyasini ko'rishi mumkin va ushbu versiyalarni tiklash, o'chirish yoki nusxalashga ruxsat beriladi. Ushbu xususiyat faqat Windows Vista-ning Business, Enterprise va Ultimate nashrlarida mavjud va meros bo'lib qolgan Windows Server 2003.^[60]

• Windows yangilanishi: Dasturiy ta'minot va xavfsizlikni yangilash soddalashtirilgan,^[61] endi o'rniga faqat boshqaruv paneli orqali ishlaydi veb-dastur. Windows Mail-ning spam-filtri va Windows Defender-ning ta'riflari Windows Update orqali avtomatik ravishda yangilanadi. Avtomatik yangilanishlar uchun tavsiya etilgan sozlamani tanlagan foydalanuvchilar eng yangi drayverlarga o'rnatiladi va yangi qurilmani qo'shganda foydalanishlari mumkin.
• Ota-ona nazorati: Ma'murlarga foydalanuvchi faoliyatini kuzatish va cheklash, shuningdek har bir standart foydalanuvchi qaysi veb-saytlar, dasturlar va o'yinlardan foydalanishi va o'rnatishi mumkinligini boshqarish huquqini beradi. Ushbu xususiyat Vista-ning Business yoki Enterprise nashrlariga kiritilmagan.
• Windows SideShow: Yangi noutbuklarda yoki qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan Windows Mobile qurilmalarida yordamchi displeylarni yoqadi. Bu kompyuter yoqilgan yoki o'chirilgan paytda qurilmalar gadjetlarini namoyish qilish uchun ishlatilishi kerak.
• Nutqni aniqlash Vista-ga o'rnatilgan.^[62] Bu foydalanuvchi interfeysi qayta ishlab chiqilgan va buyruqni boshqarish buyrug'ini sozlash mumkin. Faqatgina Office va WordPad-da ishlaydigan Office 2003 versiyasidan farqli o'laroq, Windows Vista-da nutqni tanib olish har qanday qulay dastur uchun ishlaydi. Bundan tashqari, u hozirda bir nechta tillarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi: ingliz va amerika ingliz, ispan, frantsuz, nemis, xitoy (an'anaviy va soddalashtirilgan) va yapon tillari.
• Yangi shriftlar, shu jumladan mo'ljallangan bir nechta ekranni o'qish va yaxshilangan xitoy (Yahei, JhengHei), yapon (Meiryo) va koreys (malgun) shriftlari. ClearType sukut bo'yicha yaxshilangan va yoqilgan.
• Yaxshilangan audio boshqaruvlari tizim miqyosida individual audio qurilmalarning va hatto alohida dasturlarning ovozini yoki hajmini alohida boshqarishga imkon beradi. Xonani tuzatish, boshni boshqarish, karnayni to'ldirish va minigarniturani virtualizatsiya qilish kabi yangi audio funksiyalar ham kiritilgan.
• Muammoli hisobotlar va echimlar, foydalanuvchilarga muammolarning echimlarini tekshirishga yoki mavjud bo'lsa, har qanday echimlar yoki qo'shimcha ma'lumot uchun ilgari yuborilgan muammolarni ko'rishga imkon beruvchi xususiyat.
• Windows tizimini baholash vositasi tizimning ishlash ko'rsatkichlarini taqqoslash uchun ishlatiladigan vositadir. O'yinlar kabi dasturiy ta'minot ushbu reytingni olishi va ishlashni yaxshilash uchun ish vaqtidagi o'zini tutishini o'zgartirishi mumkin. Sinov sinovlari Markaziy protsessor, Ram, 2 va 3 o'lchovli grafik tezlashtirish, grafik xotira va qattiq disk maydoni.^[63][64]
• Windows Ultimate Qo'shimchalari: Windows Vista-ning Ultimate nashri Windows Update orqali ba'zi qo'shimcha funktsiyalardan foydalanishni ta'minlaydi. Bu qo'shimcha to'plamdir MUI til paketlari, Texas Hold 'Em (Poker o'yini) va Microsoft Tinker (belgi robot bo'lgan strategik o'yin), BitLocker va EFS foydalanuvchilarga shifrlashning zaxira nusxasini yaratishga imkon beradigan yaxshilanishlar kalit onlayn a Raqamli shkafva Windows Dreamscene, bu videolardan foydalanishga imkon beradi MPEG va WMV formatlari ish stoli fonida. 2008 yil 21 aprelda Microsoft yana ikkita Ultimate Qo'shimchalarini ishga tushirdi; uchta yangi Windows ovoz sxemasi va tarkib to'plami Dreamscene. DreamScene-ning turli xil to'plamlari DreamScene-ning so'nggi versiyasi chiqarilgandan beri chiqarildi.
• Ishonchlilik va ishlash monitoringi tizimning ishlashi va resurslari faoliyatini sozlash va monitoring qilish uchun turli xil vositalarni o'z ichiga oladi Markaziy protsessor, disklar, tarmoq, xotira va boshqa manbalar. Bu fayllardagi operatsiyalarni, ochilgan ulanishlarni va boshqalarni ko'rsatadi.^[65]
• Disklarni boshqarish: The Mantiqiy disk menejeri Windows Vista operatsion tizimida hajmlarning qisqarishi va kengayishini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.^[66]
• Windows har doim yangilanishi: bu foydalanuvchiga Vista operatsion tizimida ishlaydigan kompyuterini yuqori nashrga yangilashga imkon beruvchi dastur. Masalan, Windows Vista Home Basic bilan ishlaydigan kompyuter Home Premium yoki undan yaxshi versiyasiga yangilanishi mumkin. Har qanday vaqtda yangilanish foydalanuvchilarga o'z dasturlari va ma'lumotlarini o'chirmasdan yangilashga imkon beradi va Windows-ning mavjud o'rnatilishini almashtirishdan ko'ra arzonroq. Endi Vista uchun har qanday vaqtda yangilanish mavjud emas.^[67]
• Raqamli shkafchining yordamchisi: Dan yuklab olish va sotib olishga kirishni osonlashtirgan dastur Windows Marketplace raqamli tarqatish platformasi.^[68] Windows Marketplace-dan sotib olingan ilovalar tomonidan boshqariladi Microsoft hisob qaydnomasi ilovadan va unga tegishli ma'lumotlarni (masalan, litsenziyalardan) tashqarida saqlaydigan foydalanuvchining raqamli shkafiga kirish uchun foydalaniladigan hisobga olish ma'lumotlari.^[69]

Asosiy

Vista kabi texnologiyalarni o'z ichiga oladi ReadyBoost^[70] va ReadyDrive, tezda ishlaydigan flesh xotira (joylashgan USB flesh-disklari va gibrid qattiq disklar ) tez-tez ishlatiladigan dasturlar va ma'lumotlarni keshlash orqali tizim ish faoliyatini yaxshilash. Bu o'zini noutbuk kompyuterlarida batareyaning ishlash muddatining yaxshilanishida ham namoyon qiladi, chunki gibrid haydovchi ishlatilmaganda pastga aylanib ketishi mumkin.^[71] Yana bir yangi texnologiya deb nomlangan SuperFetch foydalanadi mashinada o'rganish har qanday vaqtda tizim xotirasida qanday tarkib bo'lishi kerakligi to'g'risida Windows Vista-ga aqlli qarorlar qabul qilish uchun foydalanish usullarini tahlil qilish texnikasi. Bu deyarli barcha qo'shimcha RAMlardan foydalanadi disk keshi.^[72] SuperFetch bilan birgalikda avtomatik o'rnatilgan Windows Diskni birlashtiruvchi ushbu dasturlarning qattiq diskda strategik joylashtirilganligiga ishonch hosil qiladi, bu erda ular xotiraga juda tez yuklanishi mumkin, bu esa qattiq diskning o'qish-yozish boshlarining eng kam jismoniy harakatlanishi bilan amalga oshiriladi.^[73]

Tarmoq arxitekturasini qayta qurish doirasida IPv6 operatsion tizimga to'liq kiritilgan^[74] kabi bir qancha ishlash yaxshilanishlari kiritildi TCP oynasini masshtablash.^[75] Windows-ning oldingi versiyalarida odatda to'g'ri ishlashi uchun uchinchi tomon simsiz tarmoq dasturlari kerak edi, ammo bu simsiz tarmoqni yanada kengroq qo'llab-quvvatlashni o'z ichiga olgan Vista bilan bog'liq emas.^[76]

Grafika uchun Vista yangisini taqdim etadi Windows displey drayveri modeli^[77] va uchun katta tahrir Direct3D. Yangi haydovchi modeli yangisini osonlashtiradi Stol oynasi menejeri, bu esa yirtib tashlash - Windows Aero asoslari bo'lgan bepul ish stoli va maxsus effektlar. Direct3D 10 yirik grafik kartalar ishlab chiqaruvchilari bilan birgalikda ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, yanada rivojlangan yangi arxitektura hisoblanadi shader qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va imkon beradi grafik ishlov berish birligi protsessor yordamisiz yanada murakkab sahnalarni namoyish qilish. Bu protsessor va GPU o'rtasida yaxshilangan yuklarni muvozanatlash xususiyatiga ega va ular o'rtasida ma'lumotlar uzatishni optimallashtiradi.^[78] WDDM shuningdek, odatdagi iste'molchilar elektroniği qurilmalari bilan raqobatlashadigan video tarkibni ijro etishni ham ta'minlaydi. Buni tashqi monitorlarga ulanishni osonlashtirishi, himoyalangan HD videoni ijro etish va umumiy videoni ijro etish sifatini oshirish orqali amalga oshiradi. For the first time in Windows, graphics processing unit (GPU) multitasking is possible, enabling users to run more than one GPU-intensive application simultaneously.^[79]

Ning asosiy qismida operatsion tizim, many improvements have been made to the memory manager, process scheduler and I/O scheduler. The Heap Manager implements additional features such as integrity checking in order to improve robustness and defend against buferni to'ldirish xavfsizlik ekspluatatsiya, although this comes at the price of breaking backward compatibility with some legacy applications.^[80] A Kernel Transaction Manager has been implemented that enables applications to work with the fayl tizimi va Ro'yxatdan o'tish foydalanish atomic transaction operatsiyalar.^[81]

Xavfsizlik bilan bog'liq

Improved security was a primary design goal for Vista.^[8] Microsoft-ning Ishonchli hisoblash initiative, which aims to improve public trust in its products, has had a direct effect on its development. This effort has resulted in a number of new security and safety features and an Baholashni ta'minlash darajasi rating of 4+.^[82][83]

Foydalanuvchi hisobini boshqarish, or UAC is perhaps the most significant and visible of these changes. UAC is a security technology that makes it possible for users to use their computer with fewer privileges by default, with a view to stopping zararli dastur from making unauthorized changes to the system. This was often difficult in previous versions of Windows, as the previous "limited" user accounts proved too restrictive and incompatible with a large proportion of application software, and even prevented some basic operations such as looking at the calendar from the notification tray. In Windows Vista, when an action is performed that requires administrative rights (such as installing/uninstalling software or making system-wide configuration changes), the user is first prompted for an administrator name and password; in cases where the user is already an administrator, the user is still prompted to confirm the pending privileged action. Regular use of the computer such as running programs, printing, or surfing the Internet does not trigger UAC prompts. User Account Control asks for credentials in a Secure Desktop mode, in which the entire screen is dimmed, and only the authorization window is active and highlighted. The intent is to stop a malicious program misleading the user by interfering with the authorization window, and to hint to the user the importance of the prompt.^[84]

Sinov tomonidan Symantec Corporation has proven the effectiveness of UAC. Symantec used over 2,000 active malware samples, consisting of orqa eshiklar, keyloggerlar, rootkitlar, mass mailers, troyan otlari, josuslarga qarshi dastur, reklama dasturi, and various other samples. Each was executed on a default Windows Vista installation within a standard user account. UAC effectively blocked over 50 percent of each tahdid, excluding rootkits. 5 percent or less of the zararli dastur that evaded UAC survived a reboot.^[85][86]

Internet Explorer 7 's new security and safety features include a fishing filtr, IDN with anti-spoofing capabilities, and integration with system-wide parental controls. For added security, ActiveX controls are disabled by default. Also, Internet Explorer operates in a protected mode, which operates with lower permissions than the user and runs in isolation from other applications in the operating system, preventing it from accessing or modifying anything besides the Temporary Internet Files directory.^[87] Microsoft's anti-spyware product, Windows Defender, has been incorporated into Windows, providing protection against malware and other threats. Changes to various system configuration settings (such as new auto-starting applications) are blocked unless the user gives consent.

Whereas prior releases of Windows supported per-file encryption using Fayl tizimini shifrlash, the Enterprise and Ultimate editions of Vista include BitLocker diskini shifrlash, which can protect entire jildlar, notably the operating system volume. However, BitLocker requires approximately a 1.5-gigabyte partition to be permanently not encrypted and to contain system files in order for Windows to boot. In normal circumstances, the only time this partition is accessed is when the computer is booting, or when there is a Windows update that changes files in this area, which is a legitimate reason to access this section of the drive. The area can be a potential security issue, because a hexadecimal editor (such as dskprobe.exe), or malicious software running with administrator and/or kernel level privileges would be able to write to this "Ghost Partition" and allow a piece of malicious software to compromise the system, or disable the encryption. BitLocker can work in conjunction with a Ishonchli platforma moduli (TPM) cryptoprocessor (version 1.2) embedded in a computer's anakart, or with a USB key.^[88] However, as with other to'liq disk shifrlash technologies, BitLocker is vulnerable to a sovuq yuklash hujumi, especially where TPM is used as a kalit protector without a boot PIN-kod being required too.^[89]

A variety of other privilege-restriction techniques are also built into Vista. An example is the concept of "integrity levels" in user processes, whereby a process with a lower integrity level cannot interact with processes of a higher integrity level and cannot perform DLL–injection to a processes of a higher integrity level. The security restrictions of Windows xizmatlari are more fine-grained, so that services (especially those listening on the network) have no ability to interact with parts of the operating system they do not need to. Xiralashish kabi texnikalar manzil maydoni tartibini tasodifiylashtirish are used to increase the amount of effort required of zararli dastur before successful infiltration of a system. Kodning yaxlitligi verifies that system binaries have not been tampered with by malicious code.

As part of the redesign of the network stack, Windows xavfsizlik devori has been upgraded, with new support for filtering both incoming and outgoing traffic. Advanced packet filter rules can be created that can grant or deny communications to specific services.

The 64-bit versions of Vista require that all device drivers be digitally signed, so that the creator of the driver can be identified.^[90]

Tizimlarni boshqarish

While much of the focus of Vista's new capabilities highlighted the new user-interface,^[91] security technologies, and improvements to the core operating system, Microsoft also adding new deployment and maintenance features:

• The Windows tasvirlash formati (WIM) provides the cornerstone of Microsoft's new deployment and packaging system. WIM files, which contain a HAL -independent image of Windows Vista, can be maintained and patched without having to rebuild new images. Windows Images can be delivered via Systems Management Server or Business Desktop Deployment technologies. Images can be customized and configured with applications then deployed to corporate client personal computers using little to no touch by a system administrator. ImageX is the Microsoft tool used to create and customize images.
• Windows tarqatish xizmatlari o'rnini bosadi Masofadan o'rnatish xizmatlari for deploying Vista and prior versions of Windows.
• Approximately 700 new Guruh siyosati settings have been added, covering most aspects of the new features in the operating system, as well as significantly expanding the configurability of wireless networks, removable storage devices, and user desktop experience. Vista also introduced an XML-based format (ADMX) to display registry-based policy settings, making it easier to manage networks that span geographic locations and different languages.^[92]
• UNIX uchun xizmatlar, renamed as "Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications", comes with the Enterprise and Ultimate editions of Vista. Tarmoq fayl tizimi (NFS) client support is also included.
• Ko'p tilli foydalanuvchi interfeysi –Unlike previous versions of Windows (which required the loading of language packs to provide local-language support), Windows Vista Ultimate and Enterprise editions support the ability to dynamically change languages based on the logged-on user's preference.
• Wireless Projector support

Tuzuvchi

Windows Vista includes a large number of new application programming interfaces. Chief among them is the inclusion of versiya 3.0 ning .NET Framework dan iborat bo'lgan sinf kutubxonasi va Umumiy til ishlash vaqti and OS/2 environment just like its NT predecessors. Version 3.0 includes four new major components:^[93]

• Windows taqdimot fondi a foydalanuvchi interfeysi subsystem and framework based vektorli grafikalar, qaysi foydalanishni qiladi 3D kompyuter grafikasi apparat va Direct3D texnologiyalar. It provides the foundation for building applications and blending together application UI, documents, and media content. Bu voris Windows shakllari.
• Windows Communication Foundation is a service-oriented messaging subsystem that enables applications and systems to interoperate locally or remotely using Veb-xizmatlar.
• Windows Workflow Foundation provides task automation and integrated transactions using ish oqimlari. It is the programming model, engine and tools for building workflow-enabled applications on Windows.
• Windows CardSpace is a component that securely stores digital identities of a person, and provides a unified interface for choosing the identity for a particular transaction, such as logging into a website.^[94]

These technologies are also available for Windows XP va Windows Server 2003 to facilitate their introduction to and usage by developers and end users.

There are also significant new development APIs in the core of the operating system, notably the completely re-designed audio, networking, print, and video interfaces, major changes to the security infrastructure, improvements to the deployment and installation of applications ("Bir marta bosing "va Windows Installer 4.0), new device driver development model ("Windows Driver Foundation "), Tranzaktsion NTFS, mobile computing API advancements (power management, Tablet kompyuter Ink support, SideShow ) and major updates to (or complete replacements of) many core subsystems such as Winlogon va CAPI.

There are some issues for software developers using some of the graphics APIs in Vista. Games or programs built solely on the Windows Vista-exclusive version of DirectX, version 10, cannot work on prior versions of Windows, as DirectX 10 is not available for previous Windows versions. Also, games that require the features of D3D9Ex, the updated implementation of DirectX 9 in Windows Vista are also incompatible with previous Windows versions.^[95] According to a Microsoft blog, there are three choices for OpenGL implementation on Vista. An application can use the default implementation, which translates OpenGL calls into the Direct3D API and is frozen at OpenGL version 1.4, or an application can use an Installable Client Haydovchi (ICD), which comes in two flavors: legacy and Vista-compatible. A legacy ICD disables the Stol oynasi menejeri, a Vista-compatible ICD takes advantage of a new API, and is fully compatible with the Desktop Window Manager.^[96] At least two primary vendors, ATI va NVIDIA provided full Vista-compatible ICDs.^[97] Biroq, apparat qoplamasi is not supported, because it is considered as an obsolete feature in Vista. ATI and NVIDIA strongly recommend using compositing desktop/Framebuffer Objects for same functionality.^[98]

O'rnatish

Windows Vista is the first Microsoft operating system:

• To use DVD-ROM media for installation^[99]
• That can be installed only on a partition formatted with the NTFS fayl tizimi^[100]
• That provides support for loading drivers for SCSI, SATA va RAID controllers from any source other than floppi prior to its installation.^[101]

Unification of OEM and retail installation

Windows Vista unifies the previously separate OEM and retail distributions of Microsoft Windows; a license for the edition purchased determines which version of Windows Vista is eligible for installation, regardless of its originating source. OEM and retail versions of Windows before Windows Vista were maintained separately on optical media—users with an manufacturer-supplied disc could not use a retail license during installation, and users with a retail disc could not use an OEM license during installation.^[102]

Olib tashlangan xususiyatlar

Some notable Windows XP features and components have been replaced or removed in Windows Vista, including several shell and Windows Explorer features, multimedia features, networking related functionality, Windows Messenger, NT zaxira nusxasi, the network Windows Messenger xizmati, HyperTerminal, MSN Explorer, Faol ish stoli, and the replacement of NetMeeting bilan Windows Uchrashuv maydoni. Windows Vista also does not include the Windows XP "Luna " visual theme, or most of the classic color schemes that have been part of Windows since the Windows 3.x era. The "Hardware profiles" startup feature has also been removed, along with support for older motherboard technologies like the EISA bus, APM va o'yin porti support (though on the 32-bit version game port support can be enabled by applying an older driver).^[103] IP over FireWire (TCP/IP over IEEE 1394) has been removed as well.^[104] The IPX/SPX protocol has also been removed, although it can be enabled by a third-party plug-in.^[105]

Nashrlar

Windows Vista shipped in six different editions.^[106] These are roughly divided into two target markets, consumer and business, with editions varying to cater for specific sub-markets. For consumers, there are three editions, with two available for economically more developed countries. Windows Vista Starter edition is aimed for low powered computers with availability only in emerging markets. Windows Vista Home Basic is intended for budget users. Windows Vista Home Premium covers the majority of the consumer market, and contains applications for creating and using multimedia. The home editions cannot join a Windows Server domeni. For businesses, there are three editions as well. Windows Vista Business is specifically designed for kichik va o'rta korxonalar,^[107] while Windows Vista Enterprise^[108] is only available to customers participating in Microsoft's Dasturiy ta'minot dastur. Windows Vista Ultimate contains the complete feature-set of both the Home and Business (combination of both Home Premium and Enterprise) editions, as well as a set of Windows Ultimate Qo'shimchalari, and is aimed at enthusiasts.

All editions except Windows Vista Starter support both 32-bit (x32 ) va 64-bit (x64 ) protsessor me'morchiligi.

In Yevropa Ittifoqi, Home Basic N and Business N variants are also available. These come without Windows Media Player, due to EU sanctions brought against Microsoft for violating anti-trust laws. Similar sanctions exist in Janubiy Koreya.

Visual styles

A comparison of the four visual styles included in Windows Vista

Windows Vista has four distinct visual styles.^[109][110]

Windows Aero

Vista's default visual style, Windows Aero, is built on a desktop composition engine called Stol oynasi menejeri. Windows Aero introduces support for shaffoflik effects (Glass), window thumbnails on the taskbar, window animations, and other visual effects (for example Windows Flip 3D), and is intended for mainstream and high-end video cards. To enable these features, the contents of every open window are stored in video memory to facilitate yirtib tashlash -free movement of windows. As such, Windows Aero has significantly higher hardware requirements than its predecessors: systems running Vista must have video card drivers compatible with the Windows displey drayveri modeli (WDDM), and the minimum graphics memory required is 128 MB, depending on the resolution used.^[111]
Windows Aero is not included in the Starter and Home Basic editions. A variant of Windows Aero, dubbed Windows Vista Standard, lacking the glass effects, window animations, and other advanced graphical effects, is included in Home Basic.^[112]

Windows Vista Basic

This visual style does not employ the Desktop Window Manager; as such, it does not feature transparency or translucency, window animation, Windows Flip 3D or any of the functions provided by the DWM. It is the default visual style on Windows Vista Starter and on systems without WDDM-compatible display drivers, and has similar video card requirements to Windows XP. Prior to Service Pack 1, a machine that failed Windows-ning asl afzalligi validation would also default to this visual style.^[113]

Windows Standard

The Windows Standard and Windows Classic visual styles reprise the user interface of Windows 9x, Windows 2000 va Microsoft Windows Server line of operating systems. As with previous versions of Windows, this visual style supports custom color schemes, which are collections of color settings. Windows Vista includes four high-contrast color schemes and the default color schemes from Windows 98 (titled "Windows Classic") and Windows 2000 /Windows Me (titled "Windows Standard").^[112]

Uskuna talablari

Computers capable of running Windows Vista are classified as Vista Capable va Vista Premium Ready.^[114] A Vista Capable or equivalent PC is capable of running all editions of Windows Vista although some of the special features and high-end graphics options may require additional or more advanced hardware. A Vista Premium Ready PC can take advantage of Vista's high-end features.^[115]

Windows Vista's Basic and Classic interfaces work with virtually any graphics hardware that supports Windows XP or 2000; accordingly, most discussion around Vista's graphics requirements centers on those for the Windows Aero interface. As of Windows Vista Beta 2, the NVIDIA GeForce 6 series and later, the ATI Radeon 9500 and later, Intel's GMA 950 and later integrated graphics, and a handful of VIA chipsetlari va S3 grafikasi discrete chips are supported. Although originally supported, the GeForce FX 5 series has been dropped from newer drivers from NVIDIA. The last driver from NVIDIA to support the GeForce FX series on Vista was 96.85.^[116][117] Microsoft offered a tool called the Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor^[115] to assist Windows XP and Vista users in determining what versions of Windows their machine is capable of running. The required server connections for this utility are no longer available. Although the installation media included in retail packages is a 32-bit DVD, customers needing a CD-ROM or customers who wish for a 64-bit install media are able to acquire this media through the Windows Vista Alternate Media program.^[118] The Ultimate edition includes both 32-bit and 64-bit media.^[119] The digitally downloaded version of Ultimate includes only one version, either 32-bit or 64-bit, from Windows Marketplace.

Physical memory limits

The maximum amount of RAM that Windows Vista can support varies, depending on both its edition and its processor architecture, as shown in the table.^[122]

Protsessor chegaralari

The maximum number of logical processors^[123] in a PC that Windows Vista supports is: 32^[124] for 32-bit; 64^[125] for 64-bit.^[126]

The maximum number of physical processors in a PC that Windows Vista supports is: 2 for Business, Enterprise, and Ultimate, and 1 for Starter, Home Basic, and Home Premium.^[127]

Yangilanishlar

Microsoft occasionally releases updates such as xizmat paketlari for its Windows operating systems to fix bugs, improve performance and add new features.

1-xizmat to'plami

Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) was released on February 4, 2008, alongside Windows Server 2008 ga OEM partners, after a five-month beta test period. The initial deployment of the service pack caused a number of machines to continually reboot, rendering the machines unusable.^[128] This temporarily caused Microsoft to suspend automatic deployment of the service pack until the problem was resolved. The synchronized release date of the two operating systems reflected the merging of the workstation and server yadrolari back into a single kod bazasi O'shandan beri birinchi marta Windows 2000. MSDN subscribers were able to download SP1 on February 15, 2008. SP1 became available to current Windows Vista users on Windows yangilanishi and the Download Center on March 18, 2008.^{[129][130][131]} Initially, the service pack only supported five languages – English, French, Spanish, German and Japanese. Support for the remaining 31 languages was released on April 14, 2008.^[132]

A white paper, published by Microsoft on August 29, 2007, outlined the scope and intent of the service pack, identifying three major areas of improvement: reliability and performance, administration experience, and support for newer hardware and standards.^[133]

One area of particular note is performance. Areas of improvement include file copy operations, hibernation, logging off on domain-joined machines, JavaScript parsing in Internet Explorer, network file share browsing,^[130] Windows Explorer ZIP file handling,^[134] va Windows Diskni birlashtiruvchi.^[135] The ability to choose individual drives to defragment is being reintroduced as well.^[130]

Service Pack 1 introduced support for some new hardware and software standards, notably the exFAT fayl tizimi,^[130] 802.11n wireless networking, IPv6 ustida VPN connections, and the Xavfsiz rozetkalarni tunnellash protokoli.^[136]

Booting a system using Kengaytiriladigan dasturiy ta'minot interfeysi kuni x64 systems was also introduced;^[130] this feature had originally been slated for the initial release of Vista but was delayed due to a lack of compatible hardware at the time. Booting from a GUID bo'lim jadvali –based hard drive greater than 2.19 TB is supported (x64 only).^[137][138]

Two areas have seen changes in SP1 that have come as the result of concerns from software vendors. One of these is desktop search; users will be able to change the default ish stolida qidirish program to one provided by a third party instead of the Microsoft desktop search program that comes with Windows Vista, and desktop search programs will be able to seamlessly tie in their services into the operating system.^[131] These changes come in part due to complaints from Google, kimning Google Desktop Search application was hindered by the presence of Vista's built-in desktop search. In June 2007, Google claimed that the changes being introduced for SP1 "are a step in the right direction, but they should be improved further to give consumers greater access to alternate desktop search providers".^[139] The other area of note is a set of new security API-lar being introduced for the benefit of antivirus dasturi that currently relies on the unsupported practice of patching the kernel (qarang Kernel Patch Protection ).^[140][141]

An update to DirectX 10, named DirectX 10.1,^[130] marked mandatory several features that were previously optional in Direct3D 10 hardware. Graphics cards will be required to support DirectX 10.1.^[142] SP1 includes a kernel (6001.18000) that matches the version shipped with Windows Server 2008.^[143]

The Guruh siyosati Management Console (GPMC) was replaced by the Group Policy Object Editor. An updated downloadable version of the Group Policy Management Console was released soon after the service pack.

SP1 enables support for hotpatching, a reboot-reduction servicing technology designed to maximize uptime. It works by allowing Windows components to be updated (or "patched") while they are still in use by a running process. Hotpatch-enabled update packages are installed via the same methods as traditional update packages, and will not trigger a system reboot.^[144]

Service Pack 2

Service Pack 2 for Windows Vista was released to manufacturing on April 28, 2009,^[145] and released to Microsoft Download Center and Windows Update on May 26, 2009.^[5] In addition to a number of security and other fixes, a number of new features have been added. Biroq, unga kiritilmagan Internet Explorer 8.^[146][147]

• Windows qidiruvi 4 (available for SP1 systems as a standalone update)
• Feature Pack for Wireless adds support for Bluetooth 2.1
• Windows Feature Pack for Storage enables the data recording onto Blu ray ommaviy axborot vositalari
• Windows Connect Now (WCN) to simplify Wi-fi konfiguratsiya
• Improved support for resuming with active Wi-Fi connections
• Improved support for eSATA drives
• The limit of 10 half open, outgoing TCP connections introduced in Windows XP SP2 was removed
• Yoqadi exFAT fayl tizimi qo'llab quvvatlamoq UTC timestamps, which allows correct file synchronization across time zones
• Support for ICCD/CCID aqlli kartalar
• Qo'llab-quvvatlash VIA 64-bit CPUs
• Improved performance and responsiveness with the RSS feeds sidebar
• Improves audio and video performance for streaming high-definition content
• Improves Windows Media Center (WMC) in content protection for TV^[148]
• Provides an improved power management policy that is approximately 10% more efficient than the original with the default policies^[149]

Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 share a single service pack binary, reflecting the fact that their code bases were joined with the release of Server 2008.^[146] Service Pack 2 is not a cumulative update meaning that Service Pack 1 must be installed first.

Platformani yangilash

The Platform Update for Windows Vista was released on October 27, 2009. It includes major new components that shipped with Windows 7, as well as updated runtime libraries.^[150][151] It requires Service Pack 2 of Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008 and is listed on Windows yangilanishi kabi Tavsiya etiladi yuklab olish.

The Platform Update allows application developers to target both Windows Vista and Windows 7. It consists of the following components:

• Windows Graphics runtime: Direct2D, DirectWrite, Direct3D 11, DXGI 1.1, and WARP
• Yangilanishlar Windows tasvirlash komponenti
• Yangilanishlar XPS Print API, XPS Document API and XPS Rasterization Service
• Windows Automation API (updates to MSAA va UI Automation )
• Windows Portable Devices Platform (adds support for MTP over Bluetooth and MTP Device Services)
• Windows Ip API
• Windows Animation Manager kutubxona

Some updates are available as separate releases for both Windows XP and Windows Vista:

• Windows Management Framework: Windows PowerShell 2.0, Windows masofadan boshqarish 2.0, BITS 4.0
• Masofadagi ish stoliga ulanish 7.0 (RDP7) client

Although extensive, the Platform Update does not bring Windows Vista to the level of features and performance offered by Windows 7.^[152] For example, even though Direct3D 11 runtime will be able to run on D3D9-class hardware and WDDM drivers using "xususiyat darajalari " first introduced in Direct3D 10.1, Desktop Window Manager has not been updated to use Direct3D 10.1.^[152]

In July 2011, Microsoft released the Platform Update Supplement for Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, which contains several bug fixes and performance improvements.^[153]

BlueKeep security fix

The BlueKeep xavfsizlik zaifligi, CVE -2019-0708, bu dastur tomonidan yuborilmagan Microsoft Windows versiyalariga ta'sir qilishi mumkin Masofadagi ish stoli protokoli, has had a fix for it released by Microsoft for Vista.^[154]

Related flaws, CVE -2019-1181, CVE-2019-1182, CVE-2019-1222 and CVE-2019-1226 were later discovered by Microsoft and dubbed DejaBlue boshqa tadqiqotchilar tomonidan.^[155] Patches available to correct the flaw do emas include one for Vista; however, the patch for Server 2008 can be installed on Vista.

Bunga qo'chimcha, CVE -2019-1162, asoslangan legacy code jalb qilish Microsoft CTF va ctfmon (ctfmon.exe), affects all Windows eski versiyalari Windows XP version to the most recent Windows 10 versions,^[156] but patches available to correct the flaw do emas include one for Vista; however, the patch for Server 2008 can be installed on Vista.^[157]

Marketing kampaniyasi

The Mojave Experiment

In July 2008, Microsoft introduced a web-based advertising campaign called the "Mojave Experiment", that depicts a group of people who are asked to evaluate the newest operating system from Microsoft, calling it Windows 'Mojave'. Participants are first asked about Vista, if they have used it, and their overall satisfaction with Vista on a scale of 1 to 10. They are then shown a demo of some of the new operating system's features, and asked their opinion and satisfaction with it on the same 1 to 10 scale. After respondents rate "Mojave", they are then told that they were really shown a demo of Windows Vista. The object was to test "A theory: If people could see Windows Vista firsthand, they would like it." According to Microsoft, the initial sample of respondents rated Vista an average of 4.4 out of 10, and Mojave received an average of 8.5, with no respondents rating Mojave lower than they originally rated Windows Vista before the demo.^[158][159] The "experiment" has been criticized for deliberate selection of positive statements and not addressing all aspects of Vista.^[160]

Qabul qilish

Windows Vista received mixed reviews at the time of its release and throughout its lifespan, mainly for its much higher hardware requirements and perceived slowness compared to Windows XP.

Positive reviews often came from PC gamers who praised the advantages brought by DirectX 10, which allowed for better gaming performance and more realistic graphics, as well as support for many new capabilities featured in new Grafik protsessorlar.^[161] However, many DirectX 9 games initially ran with lower frame rates compared to when they were run on Windows XP. In mid-2008, benchmarks suggested that the SP1 update improved performance to be on par with (or better than) Windows XP in terms of game performance.^[162]

Peter Bright of Ars Technica wrote that, in spite of its delays and feature cuts, Windows Vista is "a huge evolution in the history of the NT platform [...] The fundamental changes to the platform are of a scale not seen since the release of NT [3.1; the first version]."^[163] In a continuation of his previous assessment, Bright stated that "Vista is not simply XP with a new skin; core parts of the OS have been radically overhauled, and virtually every area has seen significant refinement. In terms of the magnitude and extent of these changes, Vista represents probably the biggest leap that the NT platform has ever seen. Never before have significant subsystems been gutted and replaced in the way they are in Vista."^[164] Many others in the tech industry echoed these sentiments at the time, directing praise towards the massive amount of technical features new to Windows Vista.^[165]

Windows Vista received the "Best of CES" award at the Iste'molchilar elektronikasi ko'rgazmasi 2007 yilda.^[166][167]

In its first year of availability, Kompyuter dunyosi rated it as the biggest tech disappointment of 2007,^[168] and it was rated by InfoWorld as No. 2 of Tech's all-time 25 flops.^[169] Microsoft's then much smaller competitor olma noted that, despite Vista's far greater sales, its own operating system did not seem to have suffered after its release, and would later invest in reklama mocking Vista's unpopularity with users.^[170]

Computer manufacturers such as Dell, Lenovo va Hewlett-Packard released their newest computers with Windows Vista pre-installed; however, after the negative reception of the operating system, they also began selling their computers with Windows XP CDs included because of a drop in sales.^[171]

Sotish

A Gartner research report predicted that Vista business adoption in 2008 would overtake that of XP during the same time frame (21.3% vs. 16.9%)^[172] esa IDC had indicated that the launch of Windows Server 2008 served as a catalyst for the stronger adoption rates.^[173][174] 2009 yil yanvar holatiga ko'ra Forrester tadqiqotlari had indicated that almost one third of North American and European corporations had started deploying Vista.^[175] At a May 2009 conference, a Microsoft Vice President said "Adoption and deployment of Windows Vista has been slightly ahead of where we had been with XP" for big businesses.^[176][177]

Within its first month, 20 million copies of Vista were sold, double the amount of Windows XP sales within its first month in October 2001, five years earlier.^[178] Shortly after however, due to Vista's relatively low adoption rates and continued demand for Windows XP, Microsoft decided to sell Windows XP until June 30, 2008, instead of the previously planned date of January 31, 2008.^[179] There were reports of Vista users "downgrading" their operating systems, as well as reports of businesses planning to skip Vista.^[180] A study conducted by ChangeWave in March 2008 showed that the percentage of corporate users who were "very satisfied" with Vista was dramatically lower than other operating systems, with Vista at 8%, compared to the 40% who said they were "very satisfied" with Windows XP.^[12]

The internet-usage bozor ulushi for Windows Vista after two years of availability, in January 2009, was 20.61%. This figure combined with World Internet Users and Population Stats yielded a user base of roughly 330 million,^[14] which exceeded Microsoft's two-year post launch expectations by 130 million.^[13] The internet user base reached before the release of its successor (Windows 7) was roughly 400 million according to the same statistical sources.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Tanqid

Windows Vista has received a number of negative assessments. Criticism targets include protracted development time (5–6 years), more restrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of a number of technologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digital media,^[181] and the usability of the new Foydalanuvchi hisobini boshqarish security technology. Moreover, some concerns have been raised about many PCs meeting "Vista Premium Ready" hardware requirements and Vista's pricing.

Uskuna talablari

While in 2005 Microsoft claimed "nearly all PCs on the market today will run Windows Vista",^[182] the higher requirements of some of the "premium" features, such as the Aero interface, affected many upgraders. Buyuk Britaniya gazetasi xabariga ko'ra The Times in May 2006, the full set of features "would be available to less than 5 percent of Britain's PC market"; however, this prediction was made several months before Vista was released.^[183] This continuing lack of clarity eventually led to a class action against Microsoft as people found themselves with new computers that were unable to use the new software to its full potential despite the assurance of "Vista Capable" designations.^[184] The court case has made public internal Microsoft communications that indicate that senior executives have also had difficulty with this issue. For example, Mike Nash (Corporate Vice President, Windows Product Management) commented, "I now have a $2,100 e-mail machine" because of his laptop's lack of an appropriate graphics chip so hobbled Vista.^[185]

Litsenziyalash

Criticism of upgrade litsenziyalar pertaining to Windows Vista Starter through Home Premium was expressed by Ars Technica's Ken Fisher, who noted that the new requirement of having a prior operating system already installed was going to cause irritation for users who reinstall Windows on a regular basis.^[186]It has been revealed that an Upgrade copy of Windows Vista can be installed clean without first installing a previous version of Windows. On the first install, Windows will refuse to activate. The user must then reinstall that same copy of Vista. Vista will then activate on the reinstall, thus allowing a user to install an Upgrade of Windows Vista without owning a previous operating system.^[187] As with Windows XP, separate rules still apply to OEM versions of Vista installed on new PCs: Microsoft asserts that these versions are not legally transferable (although whether this conflicts with the right of first sale has yet to be clearly decided legally).^[188]

Narxi

Initially, the cost of Windows Vista was also a source of concern and commentary. A majority of users in a poll said that the prices of various Windows Vista editions posted on the Microsoft Canada website in August 2006 make the product too expensive.^[189] A BBC News report on the day of Vista's release suggested that, "there may be a backlash from consumers over its pricing plans—with the cost of Vista versions in the US roughly half the price of equivalent versions in the UK."^[190]Since the release of Vista in 2006, Microsoft has reduced the retail, and upgrade price point of Vista. Originally, Vista Ultimate was priced at $399, and Home Premium Vista at $239. These prices have since been reduced to $319 and $199 respectively.^[191]

Raqamli huquqlarni boshqarish

Windows Vista supports additional forms of DRM cheklovlar. One aspect of this is the Protected Video Path, which is designed so that "premium content" from HD DVD yoki Blu-ray disklari may mandate that the connections between PC components be encrypted. Tarkib nima talab qilayotganiga qarab, qurilmalar yuqori darajadagi tarkibni shifrlanmagan chiqimlardan o'tkazib yubormasligi mumkin yoki ular bunday chiqindagi signal sifatini sun'iy ravishda pasaytirishi yoki umuman ko'rsatmasligi kerak. Bunday apparat uchun drayverlar Microsoft tomonidan tasdiqlanishi kerak; Microsoft-ga Internet orqali oxirgi foydalanuvchi shaxsiy kompyuterlaridagi qurilmalar drayverlarini o'chirishga imkon beruvchi bekor qilish mexanizmi ham kiritilgan.^[192] Piter Gutmann, xavfsizlik tadqiqotchisi va muallifi ochiq manba cryptlib kutubxonasi, ushbu mexanizmlar foydalanuvchining asosiy huquqlarini buzadi (masalan.) adolatli foydalanish ), qo'shimcha qurilmalar narxini keraksiz oshirib, tizimlarni unchalik ishonchsiz holga keltiradi ("tilt bit" alohida tashvish tug'diradi; agar ishga tushirilsa, butun grafik quyi tizim asl holatini tiklashni amalga oshiradi) va xizmatni rad etish xurujlari.^[193] Biroq, bir nechta so'rovlarga qaramay^[194] bunday da'volarni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi dalillar uchun Piter Gutmann hech qachon uning da'volarini hech qanday o'rganilgan dalillar bilan qo'llab-quvvatlamagan. Himoyachilarning ta'kidlashicha, Microsoft-ning kinostudiyalar talablarini bajarishdan boshqa iloji yo'q va texnologiya aslida 2010 yildan keyin yoqilmaydi;^[195][196] Microsoft shuningdek, tarkibni himoya qilish mexanizmlari Windows tizimida mavjud bo'lganligini ta'kidladi Windows ME va yangi himoya har qanday mavjud tarkibga taalluqli emas, faqat kelajakdagi tarkibga tegishli.^[197]

Foydalanuvchi hisobini boshqarish

Garchi foydalanuvchi hisobini boshqarish (UAC) Vista xavfsizligi infratuzilmasining muhim qismidir, chunki u dasturiy ta'minotni foydalanuvchi bilmagan holda administrator imtiyozlariga ega bo'lishiga to'sqinlik qiladi, ammo u juda ko'p ko'rsatmalar yaratgani uchun tanqidga uchragan.^[198] Bu ko'plab Vista UAC foydalanuvchilarini muammoli deb hisoblashlariga olib keldi, ba'zilari esa bu xususiyatni o'chirib qo'ydi yoki (Windows Vista Enterprise yoki Windows Vista Ultimate foydalanuvchilari uchun) uni avtomatik tasdiqlash rejimiga o'tkazdi.^[199] Ushbu tanqidga javoban Microsoft, SP1 bilan so'rovlar sonini kamaytirish uchun dasturni o'zgartirdi.^[144] O'zgarishlar biroz yaxshilanishga olib kelgan bo'lsa-da, bu tashvishlarni butunlay engillashtirmadi.^[200]

Retrospektiv tahlil

Texnik YouTube shaxsiyati Linus Sebastyan 2018 yilgi videoda Windows Vista o'zining salbiy obro'siga loyiq emasligi va Windows Vista bilan bog'liq muammolar asosan avvalgilaridan bo'lgan Windows XP-ning zaruriy ta'mirlanishi bilan bog'liqligini ta'kidladi. Sebastyan tanqid qildi apparat va OEM tayyor bo'lmaganligi uchun ishlab chiqaruvchilar. Ko'pgina iste'molchilar uchun mo'ljallangan shaxsiy kompyuterlar Microsoft-ning apparat ko'rsatmalariga javob bermadilar va haydovchilarni qo'llab-quvvatlash zarar ko'rdi, chunki ishlab chiquvchilar tavsiya etilganidek yangi drayverlarni ishlab chiqarmadilar. Bundan tashqari, Sebastyan Vista-ning "resurs cho'chqasi" (juda ko'p miqdorda iste'mol qiladigan) obro'siga ega ekanligini ta'kidladi Ram ) aslida yangisini noto'g'ri tushunishdan kelib chiqqan xotirani boshqarish aslida, bu Vista-ni mos keladigan qo'shimcha qurilmalarda Windows XP-dan ko'ra muammosiz ishlashiga olib keldi.^[201]

Kamaytirish huquqlari

OEM yoki hajmni litsenziyalash orqali sotib olingan Windows 7 litsenziyalarining oxirgi foydalanuvchilari Windows Vista-ning ekvivalenti darajasiga tushirilishi mumkin. Windows 7-ning Starter, Home Basic yoki Home Premium versiyalari uchun pastga tushirish huquqlari taqdim etilmaydi.^[202] Uchun Windows 8 OEM orqali olingan litsenziyalar, foydalanuvchi Windows Vista-ning ekvivalenti darajasiga tushirishi mumkin. Windows 8 Enterprise-dan foydalanish uchun litsenziyaga ega bo'lgan mijozlar odatda Windows Vista Business-ga tushirilishi mumkin bo'lgan Windows 8 Pro uchun litsenziyaga ega.

Shuningdek qarang

• BlueKeep (xavfsizlik zaifligi)
• Windows Vista va Windows XP-ni taqqoslash
• Microsoft xavfsizlik asoslari

Adabiyotlar

Tashqi havolalar

• Windows Vista-ni qo'llab-quvvatlash
• Windows Vista Service Pack 2 (SP2) yangilanishi