Vinton, Kvinslend - Winton, Queensland

Vinton
Kvinslend
Winton-outback-queensland-australia.jpg
Eldersli ko'chasi
Winton is located in Queensland
Vinton
Vinton
Koordinatalar22 ° 23′29 ″ S 143 ° 02′17 ″ E / 22.3913 ° S 143.0381 ° E / -22.3913; 143.0381Koordinatalar: 22 ° 23′29 ″ S 143 ° 02′17 ″ E / 22.3913 ° S 143.0381 ° E / -22.3913; 143.0381
Aholisi875 (2016 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish )[1]
Pochta indeksi4735
Manzil
LGA (lar)Winton Shire
Shtat saylovchilariGregori
Federal bo'lim (lar)Maranoa
O'rtacha maksimal harorat[2] O'rtacha min temp[2] Yillik yog'ingarchilik[2]
32,8 ° S
91 ° F		 17,1 ° S
63 ° F		 352,8 mm
13,9 dyuym
Winton atrofidagi joylar:
Kynuna Korfild Korfild
Midlton Vinton Muttaburra
Opalton Opalton Morella

Vinton shaharcha va mahalliylik ichida Winton shirasi yilda Markaziy G'arbiy Kvinslend, Avstraliya.[3][4] Shimoli-g'arbdan 177 kilometr (110 milya) uzoqlikda joylashgan Longreach. Hududning asosiy tarmoqlari qo'y va qoramol boqishdir. Shahar 1876 yilda pochta boshqaruvchisi Robert Allen tomonidan tug'ilgan joyidan keyin nomlangan, Vinton, Dorset.[3][5] Winton aviakompaniyaning birinchi uyi bo'lgan Qantas.

Geografiya

Winton G'arbiy daryoning shimoliy qirg'og'ida joylashgan, a naqshli daryo ko'pincha quruq ishlaydi, ko'plab kichik kanallardan yasalgan, bu mintaqani beradigan relyef shakli Channel Country, uning nomi. G'arbga shimoldan Jessamine Creek va Mill's Creek ikkala naqshli oqim qo'shiladi. Xato Kriki, xuddi shu tarzda to'qilgan oqim, janubdan G'arbga quyiladi. G'arbning o'zi g'arbga qarab oqib, oxiriga bo'shaydi Diamantina daryosi faqat uchta katta birida to'qnashuvlar o'sha daryoda. Bu quyi oqimdan 60 km uzoqlikda joylashgan. Bu Wintonni Eyr ko'lining havzasi. Hududdagi erlar asosan tekislikdir o'tloq, bu juda yaxshi qarz beradi cho'ponlik faoliyati, bugungi kungacha mahalliy ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan sanoat. Winton-ning tutashgan joyida joylashgan Kennedi rivojlanish yo'li va Landsboro avtomagistrali Ikkalasi bir vaqtning o'zida Vintonning janubiy qismidan shaharning g'arbiy qismida bir necha kilometr naridagi boshqa tutashuvgacha etib boradi.

Mumkin bo'lgan asteroid zarbasi

Vintonning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan qadimiy bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan qobiq anomaliyasining kattaligi ko'rsatilgan xarita zarba tuzilishi
Asosiy maqola: Diamantina daryosining uzuk xususiyati

Diamantina daryosining ilgak shaklidagi yuqori oqimi ilmiy e'tiborni tortdi. 2015 yil mart oyida, Geoscience Australia daryoning boshi va yaqinidagi daryosi taxminan dumaloq qirg'oq bo'ylab oqayotgani haqida xabar bergan qobiq bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan anomaliya zarba tuzilishi. Bu joy Geomalmia Australia kompaniyasining yuqori lavozimli rasmiysi Richard Blewett ta'riflaganidek, diametri 130 kilometr (81 mil), geomagnitik anomaliyalar bilan ajralib turadi va Vinton sharqiy chekkasidan taxminan 60 km narida joylashgan. Sidney Morning Herald Yaqinda u erda o'tkazilgan seysmik tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, asteroid yoki kometa 650 millionga teng energiya chiqaradigan hududga urilgan Xirosima bombalari (va shuning uchun taxminan 41 zettoullar ).[6] The asteroid zarbasi hali tasdiqlanmagan, ammo buni amalga oshirish mumkin yadro namunalari markaziy halqa konstruktsiyasidagi erdan yuzlab metr chuqurlikka qadar. Ta'sir, agar chindan ham bu anomaliyani tushuntirish bo'lsa, taxminan 300 million yil oldin sodir bo'lgan bo'lar edi.[7]

Dinozavrlar

Shuningdek qarang: Avstraliya dinozavrlar davri (muzey); Lark karerining dinozavr yo'llari (ko'rgazma).

Shaharni o'rab turgan hudud bir qator hosil berdi dinozavr fotoalbomlar. 2009 yilda uchta shahar yaqinidagi kashfiyotlar Erta bo'r dinozavr avlodlar, Australovenator, Vintonotitan va Diamantinasaurus, e'lon qilindi. Australovenator wintonensis, turdagi namunalar ushbu turga shahar nomi berilgan. Namunalar shaharning shimoli-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan "Matilda saytida" topilgan Eldersli stantsiyasi (saytning pozitsiyasi taxminan 22 ° 12′S 142 ° 30′E / 22,2 ° S 142,5 ° E / -22.2; 142.5) va yaqin atrofdagi "Uchburchak paddok saytida" joylashgan.[8][9] Boshqa sauropod, Savannasaurus, shuningdek, ushbu hududda hali nomlanmagan "Elliot" bilan birga topilgan.[10] Shahar, shuningdek, tosh qoldiqlari topilgan geologik shakllanish uchun o'z nomini berdi Winton shakllanishi.

Buyuk artezian havzasi

Winton joylashgan Buyuk artezian havzasi suvini shaharchada foydalanish uchun tortib oladi. Ushbu suv 83 dan 86 ° C gacha (181 dan 187 ° F) gacha chiqadi va Corfildagi suv havzalarida tortib olinmasdan oldin 44 ° C (111 ° F) gacha sovutiladi. Oltingugurt gaz suvga "tuxum" hidini beradi.[11]

2018 yildan boshlab, Winton Shire kengashi rivojlanmoqda a geotermik elektr stantsiyasi suvni sovutish jarayonini bo'shatilgan issiqlikni elektrga aylantiradigan bilan almashtirish. Yiliga 2000 megavatt soat ishlab chiqarilishi kutilmoqda.[12][13]

Ko'cha nomlari

Winton shahridagi asosiy ko'chalarga shunday nom berilgan stantsiyalar ko'chalar yugurayotgan yo'nalishlarda yotar edi. Masalan, sharq va g'arb - Eldersli, Vindex, Kork va Dagvort. Shimolga qaraganlar Oondooroo, Manuka, Sesbania va Verna deb nomlangan. Ushbu stantsiyalarning uchtasi, Dagvort, Vindez Matilda hikoyasidagi Vindex va Oondooroo.[14]

Tarix

Aborigen yer egalarining egaligi

Winton mintaqasining an'anaviy egalari, Koa xalqi, ko'rib chiqing Bladensburg milliy bog'i maydoni (Winton yaqinida) o'zlarining an'anaviy mamlakatlarining alohida qismi bo'lishi kerak va park ham ular uchun muhimdir Mayvali va Karuvali odamlar.[iqtibos kerak ]

Jirandali (shuningdek Yirandali, Warungu, Yirandhali deb nomlanadi) - bu an Avstraliya aborigen tili ning Shimoliy-G'arbiy Kvinslend, ayniqsa Xugenden maydon. Til mintaqasi mahalliy hokimiyat hududini o'z ichiga oladi Shind of Flinders, shu jumladan Dutton daryosi, Flinders daryosi, Sturgeon tog'i, Kaledoniya, Richmond, Korfild, Winton, Torrens, Tower Hill, Landsborough Creek, Lammermoor Station, Hyugden va Tangorin.[15]

Vintondan 15 kilometr uzoqlikda joylashgan Bladensburg stantsiyasidagi Surprise Creek-da joylashgan Skull Hole, 1877 yilda mahalliy aholini qirg'in qilgan.[16][17][18]

Koa aholisi ariza bilan murojaat qilishdi Federal sud ularga ega bo'lish ona nomi qonuniy tan olingan. Ushbu ilova (yoki "da'vo") 2015 yil 28 sentyabrda ro'yxatdan o'tgan Milliy mahalliy sud tribunali.[19]

Dastlabki razvedka

Avstraliyaning eng buyuk sirlaridan birida Prusscha tadqiqotchi Lyudvig Leyxardt dan odamlar va hayvonlar guruhi bilan ekspeditsiyaga yo'l oldi Kondamin daryosi ichida Darling Downs uchun bog'langan Oqqush daryosi koloniyasi materik bo'ylab. U oxirgi marta 1848 yil 3-aprelda McPherson Station (Coogoon) stantsiyasida, hali Darling Downs-da ko'rilgan. Keyinchalik uning qaerdaligi har doim noma'lum bo'lib kelgan, ammo u va uning odamlari oxiriga etkazishgan deb ishonishadi Katta qumli cho'l.[20] Ushbu ekspeditsiya Leyxardtni Wintonning kelajakdagi saytiga yaqinlashtirgan bo'lishi mumkin.

Uilyam Landsboro 1860-yillarda G'arbiy va Diamantina daryolarida keng ko'lamli tadqiqotlar olib borgan va ehtimol u hech bo'lmaganda bir marta Vintonning kelajakdagi maydonida topilgan bo'lishi mumkin, chunki bu avvalgisiga tegishli. 1866 yilda Landsboro boshqa ekspeditsiyani Diamantinaga olib bordi, u uni haqiqiy joydan 60 km uzoqlikda olib borishi kerak edi, ammo bunga to'g'ri kelmasa ham.

Mintaqadagi birinchi evropalik ko'chmanchilar 1866 yilda kelgan, ammo ko'pchilik juda uzoq vaqt qolishmadi, chunki a qurg'oqchilik bir necha yil ichida urdi. Shaharning haqiqiy tug'ilishi tabiiy va texnogen hodisalar ketma-ketligi bilan sodir bo'ldi, bu Markaziy G'arbiy Kvinslendda bitta yangi shaharni vujudga keltirdi, ammo boshqasining muvaffaqiyatsizligi uchun urug'larni sepdi.

Winton tashkil topgan va dastlabki kunlar

Sobiq Robert Allen politsiya serjant, chapda Aramak taxminan 1875 va g'arbiy tomonga Pelikan suvli teshiklariga (shaharning hozirgi joyidan taxminan 1600 metr (0,99 milya) g'arbiy tomon) ko'chib, u erda do'kon va jamoat uyi keyingi yil. Ammo o'sha yilgi kuchli yomg'ir Allenga juda ko'p qayg'u keltirdi va hatto "toshqinlar uning binosining devorida ikki kun qolishga majbur bo'ldi". Qachon toshqin Allen bir oz susaygan edi, biznesidan qolgan narsalarni Wintonning hozirgi saytiga o'tkazdi.[21] Shunday qilib Robert Allen shaharning asoschisi sifatida tanilgan.

Uintonning ushbu kashshof mintaqaning biznes markazi sifatida joylashishini faqat taqdirning g'ayrati ta'minladi Uilyam Genri Korfildniki yozma yozuvlar aniq ko'rsatib turibdi. U va ba'zi tanishlari Kvinslend mustamlakasi hukumati tomonidan o'rganib chiqilgan va qurilgan Outback shaharchasida ish olib borishga kirishdilar, faqat okrugga kelgandan keyin shahar yaqinida bir oz sharqda joylashgan shaharni topish yaxshiroq degan qarorga kelishdi. Wintonga aylanishi kerak bo'lgan Pelikan Waterholes.[22] Keyinchalik Uinton meri bo'lgan Uilyam Genri Korfild (1843–1927) 1878 yilda Kvinslendga qaytib kelgan edi. bezgak, va o'z kitobida Markaziy G'arbiy Kvinslendda kashshof bo'lgan tajribalarini yozgan Kvinslend 1862–1899 yillar xotiralari, 1921 yilda nashr etilgan:

O'tish Taunsvill, [Robert] Fitsmauris bilan uchrashdim, u menga buni aytdi ko'tarish orasidan yiqilib tushgan edi Kuktown va Palmer va u o'sha tumanni tark etgani haqida. U men bilan birga g'arbiy mamlakatga olib borishda qatnashishimni taklif qildi va unga a tomonidan xabar berilganligini qo'shib qo'ydi cho'ktirish Diamantina daryosidagi Conn Waterhole-da do'kon uchun yaxshi ochilish joyi bo'lganligi. Bu hozirgi Vinton joylashgan G'arbiy daryodan 60 km uzoqlikda.[21]

Korfild havola qilgan Kon suv qudug'i - Uintondan G'arbiy daryodan 55 kilometr narida (34 milya) suv havzasi. Bu Diamantina havzasidagi eng shimoliy doimiy suv qudug'i va xaritalar uni hozirgi kunda ham shu nom bilan aniqlaydi.[23] Korfild qaerga joylashmoqchi ekanligini aniq ko'rsatib berdi:

Bizning maqsadimiz edi Kollingvud Keyinchalik "Conn Waterhole" nomi bilan mashhur bo'lib, u erda Hukumat Surveyeri Vintondan g'arbiy qismida 60 kilometr uzoqlikda joylashgan shaharchani qurgan.[21]

Tomas Linett ismli Korfildning yana bir tanishi, Taunsvilldan qo'llab-quvvatlash bilan o'sha manzilga jo'nab ketgan edi Berns, Philp and Co. agar u yangi qurilgan shaharni uning tekshiruviga yaroqli deb bilsa, Kollingvudda do'kon tashkil etish. Ko'rinishidan, u bunday qilmadi, chunki u erni suv bosishi ehtimoli juda yuqori. U orqaga o'girildi va oxir-oqibat, u Korfild, Fitsmaurits va Robert Allen, ular allaqachon sharqiy joyda bo'lganlar, Korfildning asl manzili - Kollingvuddan sharqda markaz yaratishga kelishib oldilar. Bu Wintonning boshlanishi edi.[21] Biroq, sayti hukumatning tanlovi bo'lgan Kollingvud hech qachon chinakamiga ildiz otmagan va 1900 yilga kelib, u arvohlar shaharchasi.[24]

Winton saytida Korfild, Fitsmauris, Linett va Allen Allenning binosini G'arbiy daryodan balandroqqa qaytarib, shimolga biroz ko'chirishni muhokama qildilar. Natija haqida Korfild yozgan:

Biz ishni bejirim bajarishni taklif qildik, ammo Allen va Laynet turgan joylarida qolishga qaror qilishdi. Biz bu pozitsiyani qabul qilishimiz kerak edi va boshqalar qatori qurilishiga rozi bo'ldik.

Bu janob Surveyer Jopp keyinchalik shaharchani qurgan bazani yaratdi.[21]

"Janob Surveyer Jopp" - bu Jorj Keyt Jopp Blekoll. Uning ismi "1861 va 1877 yildagi ko'chmas mulk hujjatlari" va qoidalari asosida faoliyat yuritishga litsenziyaga ega bo'lgan tadqiqotchilar ro'yxatida "topilishi kerak edi. Raytning Avstraliya va Amerika savdo ma'lumotnomasi va gazetasi 1881 yilda.[25] Korfildning kitobida, shuningdek, Vintonning hozirgi nomini qanday olganligi haqida mahalliy mashhur hikoya:

Shaharning asl nomi - hozirda Winton nomi bilan mashhur - Pelikan suv teshiklari edi. Men aytib o'tgan birinchi rezident Bob Allen rol o'ynagan magistr. The pochta xizmat ikki haftada bir bo'lib, u erdan g'arbga, Uokingem-Krikka qarab boradi orqali Sesbaniya to Xugenden. Ofisga sana muhri kelmagan, ammo "Pelikan suv teshiklari" va sana yozilgan markalar, pochta belgisi qilingan va markalar bekor qilingan. Bu juda sekin va qoniqarsiz deb topildi.

Allenga ism taklif qilishni so'rashdi va u ismini taklif qildi P.O. "Winton" deb nomlanishi kerak. Bu shahar atrofi nomi Bornmut, Xempshir, Angliya va Allenning tug'ilgan joyi.[21]

Garchi "Bornmut" bugungi kunda umuman olganda mavjud deb hisoblansa ham Dorset, Korfild okrugni noto'g'ri qabul qilmadi. "Bornmut" aslida tantanali okrug Dorset, lekin Korfild nomlangan tarixiy tuman Bornmutni ham o'z ichiga olgan Xempshir shtati. Biroq, Korfild Allenning tug'ilgan joyini to'g'ri aniqlaganligi aniq.

Shahar mavjud bo'lgan dastlabki kunlarda biznesga mahalliy odam yo'qligi xalaqit berdi bank. Eng yaqini 400 kilometr (250 milya) uzoqlikdagi Aramakda bo'lgan. O'shanda ham qurg'oqchilik bo'lgan. Qurilish materiallarini undan ham uzoqroqdan olib kelish kerak edi, chunki Channel Country-da juda ko'p o'tin yo'q edi. Korfild ularni olib kelish uchun Kvinslendning sharqiy sohilidagi Taunsvillgacha borgan yo'lni bosib o'tdi.[21] Huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralari Markaziy G'arbiy Kvinslendning dastlabki shaharlarida kutilganidek mavjud emas edi. Korfild ham ushbu muammoni tasvirlab berdi:

Bu vaqtda Winton g'arbning eng yomon belgilarining uchrashuvi edi; o'sha paytdagi shakllanmagan ko'chalarda janjallar tez-tez bo'lib turardi.

To'polonchilar olib ketishni tahdid qilishdi grog do'konda va yo'q bo'lgani kabi politsiya Aramakka yaqinroq bo'lganida, barcha ichimliklarni mahalliy plyusk Allenga topshirishni ma'qul ko'rdim.

Bir nechta aholi o'zlarini a hushyorlik qo'mitasi.

Marhum janob J. A. Makartni o'z uyiga tashrif buyurish uchun o'tdi, Bladensburg stantsiyasi va ishlarning ahvolini ko'rib, ichki ishlar vaziriga politsiya himoyasini so'rab yozdi.[21]

U yana bir muammoni tasvirlab berdi - giyohvandlik:

Qaytganimda Winton butunlay ichkilikdan mahrum bo'lgan edi va Allen butilkalarni sotishda katta ish qildi og'riq qoldiruvchi vosita o'rnini bosuvchi sifatida. Erkaklar cho'ntagidan shishani olib chiqib ketishayotganini ko'rish kulgiga o'xshar edi: "Do'stingiz, nipel oling, sherik, bu bitta shisha bor-yo'g'i besh tiyinmi?"[21]

Vintondagi Shimoliy Gregori mehmonxonasi, 1879 yilga qaraganda

Uinton 1879 yil 12-iyulda shaharcha sifatida qaraldi. Hukumat gazetasida ushbu er maydoni ikki kvadrat mil (taxminan 5,2 km) bo'lganligi aytilgan.2), davom ettirildi 4-sonli Doveridjdan va 1-sonli Vindex shimoliy yo'nalishda ishlaydi.[26]

1879 yilda qochgan Yulius fon Berger Shlezvig-Golshteyn Prussiya hukmronligidan qutulish uchun shaharning birinchi tarqatuvchi kimyogari bo'ldi (farmatsevt ). 1880 yilda shahar osti inspektori Fred Marrey va serjant Feltam shaharga kelishdi Blekoll va Winton birinchi o'rnatdi politsiya mahkamasi ijaraga olingan kichik binoda.[21] Garchi ularning jihozlari juda ibtidoiy edi va ular politsiyani qulflash uchun juda katta log va zanjir bilan shug'ullanishlari kerak edi. Bu har doim ham yaxshi emas edi:

Bir kuni Feltam mahbusni zanjirband qilib tashlab do'konga tushdi. Ko'p o'tmay, u mahbusni (u juda qudratli odam edi) jamoat uyiga yelkasiga log ko'tarib kirib kelayotganini va ichimliklarga chaqirganini ko'rib hayron qoldi. Uni qulfga qaytarish uchun uch kishi kerak edi.[21]

Cobb & Co "s stagecoaches Kvinslendda bir qancha pochta yo'nalishlarini sotib olgandan keyin 1880 yilga kelib Wintonga xizmat qilishgan. Janob Robert Jonson ham 1880 yilda shaharning birinchi politsiya magistrasi bo'lish uchun Uintonga kelgan. U edi Avstraliyaning mahalliy politsiyasi va sherik bo'lgan Jorj Elphinstone Dalrymple ikkinchisida izlovchi ish. O'sha yili janob Jonstoun hukumat yerlarining birinchi savdosini ham amalga oshirdi, buning natijalaridan biri Tomas Linett mulkini sotib olish edi. Kvinslend milliy banki Shunday qilib, Wintonga birinchi bankni taqdim etdi. Bank darhol Laynettning eski kofe xonasida ish boshladi va bankka ko'proq mos keladigan narsaga yo'l ochish uchun uning binosini tortib oldi. Morgan ismli kishi Ayrshire Downs stantsiyasida ishlaganidan keyin Vintondagi temirchilik do'konini boshladi.[21]

1881 yilda, Tomas McIlwraith, keyin kim edi Kvinslend Premer-ligasi va kim bo'lar edi ritsar keyingi yil, Winton orqali o'tdi. Uning manzili Ayrshire Downs edi. Shunga qaramay, shahar aholisi tunda, u va uning rafiqasi bilan uchrashish uchun shahardan deyarli 10 km uzoqlikda joylashgan suv qudug'iga chiqishdi.[21]

1882 yilda tashrif buyurgan ruhoniy, birinchisi nominal, Wintonga tashrif buyurdi. Yakshanba kuni u shaharda bo'lganida, u a cherkov xizmati ichida billiard xonasi da mehmonxona, ustiga ko'k adyol tashlanganidan keyin bilardo stoli qizil plyonka esa tirgakka o'ralgan edi. Keyinchalik Uilyam Korfildning o'zi ruhoniyga mukofotni "hamyon" shaklida taqdim etish uchun tanlangan suverenlar ". Ushbu taqdimot hech qanday voqea sodir bo'lmagan holda o'tmadi. Bir mahalliy shov-shuv ko'taruvchisi o'zini qattiq azobladi - boshqalari esa taqdimotda kulishdi - sovg'a taqdim etilayotganda namoz o'qiyotganda u tiz cho'kdi. Uning orqa uchini o'zining uzun bo'yinboshlari bilan jarohatlash uchungina ibodat qiling, ammo ruhoniy shunchaki minnatdorchilik ibodatini davom ettirdi.[21]

1883 yilda Winton birinchi tuman sudi sudya Miller va valiahd prokuror Real shaharga kelganida ochilgan. Taxminan shu vaqtga qadar shaharda ba'zida davolanishga majbur bo'lgan shifokor ham bor edi tifo isitmasi bemorlar.[21] A qurish uchun tenderlar izlandi kasalxona 1882 yil oxirida Wintonda.[27] Shunga qaramay, shifokor faqat uch yildan so'ng iste'foga chiqishga ariza berganga o'xshaydi.[28] Ko'p o'tmay muxbir xabar berdi: "Doktor Van Someron bizning yangi jarrohimiz bo'lishi kerak va men uni oldingilariga qaraganda uzoqroq ushlab tura olamiz deb ishonaman". Bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, Vinton 1880-yillarda, hech bo'lmaganda tibbiyot kasblari orasida tanlangan joy deb hisoblanmagan.[29]

1883 yilga kelib, Vinton iqtisodiy faoliyatga ega bo'lgan tegishli shaharchaga aylanib bormoqda, bu mintaqadagi shahar va qishloq aholisining barchasi uchun foydali edi. Bu o'sha paytda katta foyda keltirgan bo'lar edi, ammo Uilyam Korfildning Vintonning taraqqiyotiga nisbatan shafqatsiz bahosi:

Sanoatning boshqa sohalaridan tashqari bizda ikkita bank, to'rtta mehmonxona, kimyogar, egarchi bo'lganimiz sababli, biz o'zimizni tsivilizatsiya va uning kamchiliklari ta'sirida xavfli deb bildik.[21]

1884 yilga kelib, Vinton va uning atrofidagi ko'plab joylar jiddiy qurg'oqchilik ostida bo'lib, ko'plab odamlarga qiyinchilik tug'dirdi. Biroq, bu 1886 yilga qadar tugagan edi. Shu paytgacha Vintonda haftalik bor edi gazeta, Winton Herald.[21] U 1885 yilda Aramakdan kelganidan keyin asos solgan D. H. Maksvellga tegishli edi.[30] Keyinchalik Maksvell vafot etdi baliq ovlash 1894 yilda Uinton yaqinidagi avariya. U topilgan g'arq bo'ldi Shahardan 19 km uzoqlikda.[31]

A maktab 1885 yilda Wintonda maktab qo'mitasi tomonidan muhokama qilingan.[28] Ko'p o'tmay, muxbirning jalb qilingan byurokratiya haqidagi shubhalariga qaramay, bu haqiqat bo'ldi.[32]

Pugh's Queensland Almanax, qonun taqvimi, ma'lumotnoma va sohil uchun qo'llanma 1885 yil uchun Wintonning mahalliy mutaxassislari, shu jumladan Julius von Berger ham ro'yxatga olingan, unga endi boshqa Xurvort ismli farmatsevt qo'shilgan. Kasalxonaning jarrohi (almanaxda "Tibbiy odam" deb ham nomlangan) doktor Uilson edi. Morgan nomi bu vaqtga kelib shaharning temirchilari orasida endi topilmadi ("J. Long, Rayan va Jensen"). T. B. Feltam almanaxda ham kitob sotuvchisi, ham tamaki sotuvchisi bo'lganligi haqida ikki bor eslatib o'tdi va shu bilan asos solgan shahar fuqarosi Tomas Laynet ham Royal Mail mehmonxonasida ham do'kon egasi, ham uy egasi sifatida ro'yxatga olingan. Shimoliy Gregori mehmonxonasini bu vaqtga qadar Uilyam Braun Stil boshqargan. U buni Uilyam Genri Korfilddan, Korfild sherigi Robert Fitsmaurisning ushbu biznesdagi ulushini Fitsmaurits olti oylik safardan qaytib kelganidan keyin sotib olganidan keyin sotib olgan edi. Sidney uning qobiliyatsiz ko'rish qobiliyatini ko'rish uchun. Prognoz yaxshi emas edi - Fitsmaurits Uintonga qaytib kelganida deyarli ko'r edi - va shuning uchun u sotib, shaharni tark etishga qaror qildi. Korfild mehmonxonani boshqarishga katta qiziqish bildirmagan va shu sababli xaridor qidirgan va bu Stil bo'lib chiqqan.[21][33]

1886 yilda dabdabali o't o'sishi nafaqat chorva mollari uchun, balki bezovta qiluvchi ozuqa bilan ta'minlandi o'rmon yong'inlari. Vindeks, Eldersli va Ayrshir Downs kabi bir nechta yaqin stantsiyalar zarar ko'rdi. Qurish uchun rejalar tuzilayotgandi Katolik cherkov 1888 yilda.[21] Bunga qarshi bo'lgan davlat edi Angliya cherkovi Wintonda o'zini topdi. 1890 yilga kelib, uning xizmatlari hanuzgacha maqsadli zalda bo'lib o'tdi, uning egasi Uilyam Stil o'sha yili litsenziyasini bekor qildi, bu shahar uchun istalmagan qiyinchilik edi. Anglikanlar.[34]

1889 yilda Wintonning birinchi ishi davom etmoqda artezian teshigi. Avgust oyining o'rtalarida u taxminan 430 fut (yoki 131 m) chuqurlikka etgan.[35] O'sha yili boshqa bank uchun tenderlar chaqirilgan edi, bu safar Yangi Janubiy Uels banki. Xuddi shu maqolada litsenziyalash to'g'risidagi qonunni buzganligi uchun asos solgan shahar fuqarosi Tomas Laynt 9 funt sterling miqdorida jarima to'lashi kerakligi (9 militsiya sudiga chaqirilgandan keyin) to'lashi kerakligi eslatib o'tilgan edi.[36]

Kvinslend shtatidagi Wintondagi musobaqalarda. 1890 yil

1890 yilda mahalliy muxbir Uinton kasalxonasini maqtagan va u yerdagi xodimlardan mamnun bo'lgan. "Winton nihoyat yaxshi shifokor bilan baraka topdi", dedi u.[34]

Ishlab chiqarishdagi notinchlik

Shuningdek, 1890 yilda Wintonda va aslida Avstraliyaning boshqa qismlarida muammolar paydo bo'ldi. Bitta hisobotda a talonchilik unda bir kishi 30 funtdan ozod qilindi, politsiya esa uni ushlab turolmayotganday tuyuldi o'g'ri, va muxbir "bu o'yin juda uzoq vaqtdan beri davom etmoqda" deb izohladi, ehtimol taklif qilishni anglatadi politsiya ishtiroki ushbu va boshqa jinoyatlarda. Keyinchalik jiddiyroq, garchi haqiqiy yo'qotish bo'lmasa ham, xuddi shu hisobotda aytib o'tilgan voqea:

Kimdir o'zini politsiya qarorgohi hisobidan xursand qildi va unga shunday dedi qirquvchilar va barchasi birlashma erkaklar shaharga shoshilishardi. Keksayib qolgan odam shoshilib kazarmaga yugurdi va politsiyaga etib borishni buyurdi Martinis va revolverlar uyushmachilarni otib tashlash uchun yaxshi tartibda.[37]

Yaqinda qirqimchilar va ularning ish beruvchilari o'rtasidagi ziddiyatlar o'z nihoyasiga yetadi va bu voqea Vintondagi vaziyat qanchalik taranglashganini ko'rsatib berdi. Ayni paytda, bor edi Eshton sirkasi rohatlanmoq. Bu uzoq shaharga 1890 yil sentyabr oyida kelgan va odatdagi chiqishlaridan tashqari, a foyda olish mahalliy kasalxona uchun.[38]

The Buyuk qirquvchilarning ish tashlashi ni buzgan holda 1891 yilda kelgan jun bir muncha vaqt uchun sanoat. Mahalliy ravishda ish to'xtashlari o'sha yili juda erta boshlangan. O'sha yilning 6 yanvarida kichik bir maqola - quyida keltirilgan iqtibos - maqolaning to'liq matni Avstraliya yulduzi (Sidney ) Winton hududida menejment-mehnat muammolari boshlanganini e'lon qildi:

Yaylovchilarning ish beruvchilar uyushmasi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan yangi ish haqi tariflari tufayli stansiya qo'llari Vinton tumanlaridagi Vindex va Oondooroo stantsiyalaridan chiqib ketishdi.[37]

Vindeks Wintondan sharqiy-janubi-sharqda, Oondooroo esa shimolda joylashgan. "Federatsiyalangan Yaylovchilar tomonidan qabul qilingan muhim qarorlardan" biri urish ) o'sha yilning 18 martida Winton hududidagi ko'plab stantsiyalarni, shu jumladan shaharning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Eldersli va shuningdek, Uokingem-Krikdagi Ayrshire Downs-da, Dagvort Diamantina daryosida, shaharning janubi-g'arbiy qismida Warnambool Downs va shimolida Llanrheidol Midlton, Wintondan taxminan 150 km g'arbda. "Bu shuni anglatadiki, ushbu hafta davomida ushbu stantsiyalarga yuborilgan biron bir yukni kasaba uyushma guruhlari tomonidan jo'natilishiga yo'l qo'yilmaydi", deyiladi maqolada.[39] Keyinchalik, tegishli bo'lgan Eldersli stantsiyasida uy egasi Ser Samuel Uilson o'sha paytda, jun o'sha yilning 8 oktyabrida yoqib yuborilgan.[40]

1891 yilgi Kvinslend bo'ylab va mahalliy Vintondagi ish tashlashda muhim shart "shartnoma erkinligi" masalasi edi. Bu cho'ponlarga ham, ular ishlagan qirquvchilarga ham kasaba uyushmalarining ishtirokisiz shartnoma asosida ishga joylashish huquqini bergan bo'lar edi. Bu, albatta, ajoyib, kasaba uyushma qirquvchilariga yoqmadi. Koloniya bo'ylab hujumchilar lagerlarida o'tkazilgan so'rovnomalar har qanday bunday kelishuvni rad etish tarafdori bo'lgan natijalarga olib keldi - ba'zan bir ovozdan. Wintondagi lager simli da kasaba uyushma shtab-kvartirasiga Barkaldin nafaqat ularning so'rov natijalari, balki "bizning qarorimiz oxirigacha kurashish" degan sharh ham.[41]

Shunday bo'lsa-da, 1891 yil may oyiga qadar hujumchilar mag'lubiyatga uchrashdi. Ammo boshqaruv va mehnat muammolari tez orada yana avj ola boshladi.

1894 yilda Vinton yana bir bor norozilik uyasi o'rtasida o'zini topdi Ikkinchi qirqchilarning ish tashlashi kiygan. Winton hududida noxush hodisalar yuz berdi. Yaqin atrofdagi Eldersli stantsiyasida juda yaxshi pichan edi olov yoqdi, Dagvort stantsiyasida bo'lganida qirqish shiyponi qurollangan ish tashlashchilar tomonidan yoqib yuborilgan qurol.[42] Yana bir yuvinish Winton va Xugenden o'rtasida, Manuka yaqinida qurilgan. Xuddi shu manbadagi xaritada "Yaqinda sodir bo'lgan g'azablanish manzarasi" (hujumchilarda yo'q edi) ko'rsatilgan bosing Uinton aniq belgilangan holda).[43] So'nggi buyuk ish tashlashda bo'lgani kabi, Vinton ham hujumchilar lagerini qabul qildi va uning egalari avvalgiday qat'iyatli edilar. Telegram-ni muhokama qilgandan so'ng Longreach "o'sha tumanda ish tashlashni e'lon qilib," aftidan odamlar "kurashni achchiq oxirigacha davom ettirishga qaror qilganliklarini" bildirishgan.[44]

Ser Xyu Nelson (o'rtada, oq rangda), keyin Kvinslendning Bosh vaziri Uintonga 1895 yilda tashrif buyurgan. Bu erda uni shaharning binosida ko'rishgan artezian zerikarli.

Keyingi yil - aniqrog'i 1895 yil 6 aprelda - ser Gerbert Ramsay berdi "Valsing Matilda "Vintondagi Shimoliy Gregori mehmonxonasida o'zining birinchi jamoat marosimi.[45] 1895 yilda Uintonga Bosh vazir Ser Xyu Nelson tashrif buyurgan. Uilyam Genri Korfild, hozirgacha Kvinslend qonunchilik assambleyasining a'zosi uchun Gregori, Winton safari davomida premera partiyasiga hamroh bo'ldi. Vintondagi bir deputat eng avvalo Hughenden bilan temir yo'l aloqasi shahar aholisi ongida eng muhim narsa ekanligini bosh vazirga bildirishdan juda xursand edi va janob Korfild ham Ser Xyuga 376 saylovchilar imzosi bilan "doimiy ravishda so'rov o'tkazib" deb murojaat qilgan. Xugendendan Vintongacha bo'lgan yo'l shaharchani o'zining tabiiy porti Taunsvill bilan bog'lash maqsadida qurilgan. "[46]

19-asr Vintonida suvning kamligi to'g'risida tez-tez shikoyat qilishiga qaramay, 1895 yilgi maqolada bog'bonlar ko'payib borayotgani eslatib o'tilgan shaftoli, uzum va qovun shaharda. Ehtimol, tasodifan, o'sha yili taniqli botanik Vintondan o'tgan, Frederik Menson Beyli.[47]

Haqiqatan ham mintaqada qurg'oqchilik turli vaqtlarda jiddiy muammo bo'lib, Uintonni yo'q qilishi mumkin edi, 1895 yilda bitta qurg'oqchilik bo'lgani kabi favqulodda vaziyatda bo'lgan. geolog ishondi. Robert Logan Jek, FGS, FRGS, Kvinslend shtati geologi, voqea sodir bo'lgan yili o'sha yili o'zining Geologik tadqiqotida "Axborotnomasi №" da yozgan. 1, Kvinslendning g'arbiy ichki qismidagi artezian suvi, bu nafaqat ushbu ta'sirni, balki halokatli Kollingvud shahrini uning haqiqiy taqdiri bo'lib chiqadigan narsadan qutqarish samarasini ham berishi mumkin edi. Mintaqani qamrab olgan qurg'oqchilik, Misteyk-Krikdagi chuqurni jiddiy ravishda tugatdi, Vinton suvga to'liq bog'liq bo'lib, Jekning hisob-kitobiga ko'ra, shahar uchun atigi uch haftadan bir oygacha suv etkazib berdi. Buning zarur bo'lishi mumkinligini u oldindan bilgan Wintonning butun aholisini ko'chirish, ular bilan birga chorva mollari, Kollingvuddagi Conn Waterhole tomon, g'arbda 55 km.[48] Biroq, bu hech qachon sodir bo'lmagan. Bundan tashqari, Wintonning artezian tug'ilishi keyingi yilda nihoyasiga etdi va mintaqa bo'ysunadigan iqlim injiqliklariga bog'liqlikni tugatdi, ammo faqat ikkita zerikarli kompaniya paydo bo'lgandan keyingina bankrot loyiha tomonidan.[21] The temir yo'l Uintonga 1899 yilda etib kelgan (bu Kollingvud tobutidagi so'nggi mix edi),[49] va Wintonning artezian burg'ilangan suvi 1902 yilda quduq boshidan quvurlar bilan olib ketilayotgan edi, suv 4010 fut (1 222 m) chuqurlikdan kuniga 650,000 imperator galon (taxminan 3 000 000 L) tezlikda oqar edi.[50] 1899 va 1900 yillarda shahar va haqiqatan ham butun mintaqa dahshatli qurg'oqchilik ostida azob chekdi. 1900 yil yanvar oyida yozda yozda yozgan muxbir atrofdagi stantsiyalardagi dahshatli sharoitlarni tasvirlab berdi, ularning ba'zilari suvga muhtojligi uchun tashlandilar, boshqalari chorva mollaridan bo'sh qolishdi, chunki ularning egalari hayvonlarni chiqarib yuborishdi, boshqalari esa o'lik bilan yig'ilib ketishdi. tashnalikdan o'lgan chorva mollari. Shaharda yashaydigan hayvonlar ham qiynalayotgan edi. "Men yana ko'plab qurg'oqchilik hodisalarini tilga olishim mumkin edi, - dedi muxbir, - ammo bu haqda yozish xafa." Muxbir, atrofdagi stantsiyalardagi artezian tuynuklarining rivojlanishi haqida batafsil yozib, ularni ehtimol jazolash "Bu hafta ichidagi zerikarli yangiliklarni yakunlaydi."[51] Iyulga qadar - qishning o'rtalariga qadar biroz bo'shashish bo'ldi, hatto ba'zi chorva mollari o'z joylariga qaytarilganini ko'rdilar.[52] Biroq, qurg'oqchilik 1900 yil davomida saqlanib qoldi va Kvinslendning aksariyat qismini qamrab oldi Meriboro o'sha yilning 29 dekabrida - keyingi yozga qadar ham - "aksariyat joylarda so'nggi 25 yil ichida eng yomon tajribaga ega bo'lganini" ta'kidladi. U yana shunday dedi: "Yilning yopilish kunlari, ammo qurib qolgan erlarni xush kelibsiz yomg'irlar bilan yangilab, qurg'oqchilik nihoyat parchalanadi va bizni yangi yilda genial mavsum kutmoqda" degan umidni uyg'otdi.[53]

1899 yilda 1879 yildan beri shaharda joylashgan "Shimoliy Gregori" mehmonxonasi birinchi marta yonib ketdi, ammo keyingi yangi yanvarda "Shimoliy Gregori" mehmonxonasi ish boshladi.[54][55]

Shahar Anglikanlari 1900 yil 4-fevralda Avliyo Pol cherkovining ochilishini nishonladilar.[56]

19-asrning oxiriga qadar ham shaharning etnik tarkibi tarkibiga guruhlar a'zolaridan ko'proq iborat bo'lgan Britaniya orollari. Shlezvig-Golshteyn kimyogari Yulius fon Bergerdan tashqari, ular ham bor edi kelib chiqishi xitoylik odamlar Wintonda ham. 1896 yilda Vintondagi "Sun Kum Vah" deb nomlangan firma uch xitoylik Low Sow, Ah Sheu va Sun Kum Fung tomonidan boshqarilib, Kvinslend gazetalarida ushbu uch tomonlama sheriklikning tugashi va yangi paydo bo'lganligi to'g'risida e'lon e'lon qildi. , ikki tomonlama, Sun Kum Fungsiz. Biroq kompaniya avvalgi nomini kamida o'n yil davomida saqlab kelgan, chunki quyida joylashgan toshqin fotosuratidagi bino o'zining ish joyi bo'lib, nomi o'zining fasadiga bo'yalgan.[57] Robert Logan Jekning va Robert Eteridnikiga tegishli Kvinslend va Yangi Gvineya geologiyasi va palontontologiyasi, boshqa hech bo'lmaganda bitta bo'lishi mumkinligini taxmin qilgan G.Kramieri ismli Wintonga murojaat qilingan Italyancha Kitob nashr qilingan 1892 yilda Wintonda oilasi. Janob Kramieri Julius von Berger bilan birga (u, ehtimol, u farmatsevt sifatida ishlamagan paytlarida paleontologiyaga qiziqish ko'rsatgan), tasdiqlangan Jek va Eteridj tan olishni istagan fotoalbomlarning yordamchisi sifatida tilga olinadi.[58]

20-asr boshlari

20-asrning boshlarida Hamdo'stlikning e'lon qilinishi.

1906 yilda Vintondagi toshqin rekordlarni yangiladi.

1906 yilda Wintonda sodir bo'lgan odatdagi ob-havo shikoyati bilan juda zid edi, chunki bu muammo yomg'irning kamligi emas, balki haddan tashqari ko'pligi edi. O'sha yilning mart oyida Wintondan Longreachga qaytib kelgan pochtachi o'sha hafta "juda kuchli yomg'ir" haqida xabar berdi. 1906 yilning birinchi ikki oyida ushbu ikki joy orasidagi yog'ingarchilik 14 dan 18 dyuymgacha (taxminan 356 dan 457 mm gacha) bo'lgan deb hisoblangan, natijada hududning daryo va daryolarida toshib ketgan. G'arb bundan mustasno emas edi va o'ngdagi fotosuratda shaharning ba'zi binolari nima bo'lganligi ko'rsatilgan.[59]

1909 yilda telefon Winton-ga etib bordi va oktyabrga qadar uning 34 obunachisi bor edi.[60] 1911 yil may oyiga qadar pochta aloqasini o'rnatish uchun yaxshilanishlar amalga oshirildi telefon stansiyasi "katta va muhim filial" ga aylanib borayotganligi sababli o'z bo'limidan tashqari. Darhaqiqat, bundan keyin almashinuvni yanada qo'shib kengaytirishni rejalashtirgan edilar kommutator kutilayotgan yana 50 ta abonentni boshqarish uchun.[61]

1914 yil 16-avgust, yakshanba kuni Vinton shahar aholisi Shire Hall-da yig'ilib, harbiy xizmatga borishga va jang qilishga ko'ngillilarni jalb qilish uchun vatanparvarlik qo'mitasini tuzdi. Birinchi jahon urushi, bu uch haftadan kam oldin sodir bo'lgan. Ushbu urushda Vinton va uning atrofidagi besh yuz o'n sakkiz erkak va ayol qatnashgan va ularning halok bo'lgan o'rtoqlarining ismlarini endi Vintonning ismidan topish mumkin. urush yodgorligi Vindex ko'chasida, Shire Hall tashqarisida.[62] Vintonning harbiy harakatlarga qo'shgan hissasi mutanosib ravishda Avstraliyaning eng yuqori ko'rsatkichlaridan biri bo'ldi va uning 101 nafar shahar aholisi Buyuk urushda halok bo'ldi, shu qatorda yaqin Bladensburg stantsiyasidan Kolin Morgan-Read ismli dehqon xo'jayini qulab tushdi. Gallipoli 1915 yil 30-mayda. Uning hikoyasi Vinton 2015 yilda ushbu kampaniyaning yuz yilligini nishonlash paytida diqqat markazida bo'lgan.[63]

1916 yilda Shimoliy Gregori mehmonxonasi ikkinchi marta yonib ketdi.[64]

Jahon urushlari orasida

1918 yilda qirollik ochildi va bugungi kunda ham ish olib bormoqda. Bu ochiq kino, Avstraliyada qolgan bir nechtasidan biri.[65]

Qantas, endi bayroq tashuvchisi Avstraliya aviakompaniyasi, 1920 yilda Vintonda tashkil etilgan

1920 yilda Kvinslend va Shimoliy Territory Aerial Services Limited (hozirgi nomi bilan tanilgan) yangi kompaniya tashkil etildi Qantas Airways ) va bir muncha vaqt uning shtab-kvartirasi Wintonda bo'lgan.[66]

1927 yilda Vinton oldi elektr energiyasi.[67] Ushbu "elektr chiroqlari sxemasi" haqiqatan ham o'sha yilning yanvar oyida bo'lib o'tdi va dekabrga qadar uning 160 ga yaqin abonentlari bor edi. Biznes sifatida bu faqat edi hatto sindirish, va shuning uchun yangi yilda obunachilar soni ko'payishiga umid qilingan edi. Loyihaning dastlabki qiymati 12000 funtni tashkil etdi.[68]

The Bosh Vazir o'sha yili tashrif buyurish uchun ham kelgan. 1927 yil 2-avgustda janob. Stenli Bryus va uning xotini dan reysga tushdi Longreach Wintonda. Shaharniki Tijorat Palatasi Bosh vazir bilan "sog'liqni saqlash, temir yo'l aloqasi va naslli qo'ylarni eksport qilish" masalalarini muhokama qilishni istagan deputat bilan tayyor bo'lib, shu bilan mahalliy aholini tashvishga soladigan kun masalalarini aks ettirdi. Deputat, ayniqsa, naslli qo'ylarni eksport qilishiga norozilik bildirdi Afrika. Janob Bryus deputatlarga uning vazirligi, agar chorvachilik sanoatining o'zi bunday choralarni talab qilmasa, ushbu amaliyotni taqiqlash haqida o'ylamasligini aytdi. Shu maqsadda u deputatdan bu masalani cho'ponlarning o'ziga murojaat qilishni taklif qildi. Bosh vazir o'sha kuni Vintonda uch soatdan kam bo'lganidan keyin Xugendenga jo'nab ketdi.[69]

1928 yil 27 fevralda taniqli avstraliyalik kashshof aviator, Bert Xinkler, yo'lda Vintonga tegdi Kamu Longreach-ga; u shuningdek oraliq to'xtashlarni amalga oshirdi Klorur va McKinlay.[70]

Shuningdek, 1928 yilda Markaziy G'arbiy temir yo'l liniyasi Longreachdan Wintonga etib bordi. Bu 1899 yilda Xugendendan shaharga etib borgandan keyin Vintonga etib borgan ikkinchi temir yo'l edi. Yangi yo'nalish bitta gazeta tomonidan "Bu imkon beradi. poytaxt daromad keltiradigan bo'lib ishlamay yotgan bo'lsa, uni o'tkazish uchun qulayliklar yaratiladi harakatlanuvchi tarkib, bu bozorlar bilan tezkor aloqani ta'minlaydi va transport xarajatlarini kamaytiradi va maysazorlarni va davlatni qurg'oqchilik paytida millionlab qo'ylarning yo'qolishidan sug'urta qiladi. "[71]

Muxbirning yangi temir yo'l Vinton iqtisodiyotiga olib borishi haqidagi ne'matlarini olis-olis baholaganiga qaramay, 1930-yillar Vintonning jun sanoatiga og'ir kunlarni keltirdi. 1938 yilda Markaziy va Shimoliy Kvinslend shtatidagi Grazers uyushmasining mahalliy bo'linmasining yig'ilishi keng jamoatchilikka ma'lum qilmoqchi edi: o'sha vaqtga qadar taxminan o'n yil davomida bozorda jun bilan tushadigan daromad ishlab chiqarish tannarxi oshib ketgan edi, Shunday qilib yo'qotishlarni keltirib chiqaradi. Uchrashuv, shuningdek, ro'yxatdan o'tishning har qanday rejasiga qarshi ekanligini e'lon qildi .303 miltiqlar, but decided that their use ought to be restricted to those 18 and over.[72]

The hard times apparently even affected telephone service. In 1936, the whole vast region west of Winton, all the way to Buliya, a distance of roughly 300 km, was served by a single party line – Winton 101 – which was leased from the Winton telephone provider by the Middleton Telephone Company, a private company based in Midlton, about halfway between Winton and Boulia. Only now, the line was falling into disrepair, with attendant unreliability in the service, and there were demands for it to be assumed by the government. The foreseen cost of doing this was then said to be £28,000.[73]

Elderslie Street about 1930. Clearly visible are the North Gregory Hotel as it looked then, and Corfield & Fitzmaurice General Merchants (although by this time, both its founders belonged to the town's history)

Another public service was affected by these hard times, namely the tez yordam brigada. A Mr. Charles Holland, from Ipsvich, was the chosen one from among 25 applicants from all over Queensland to become Winton's new superintendent of ambulance services. He left Ipswich for Winton on 7 April 1930,[74] only to be ishdan bo'shatilgan a mere six months later owing to the pitiful state of the Winton ambulance committee's finances.[75] Xuddi shu yili Temir yo'l boshqarmasi removed all stationmasters from its line between Winton and Hughenden, although the move apparently did not affect the stationmasters at those two towns.[76] Work on dismantling a railway track that was to have been part of a considerable inland network was undertaken in 1931. The track only ever reached a short distance west of Winton. The work was partly a relief effort, with all the workmen involved in the job being drawn from the local unemployed.[77] The two working railway links at Winton came in handy in 1932 when track washouts along the Queensland coast forced some travellers to take a long inland detour, by way of Winton. Winton railway station became very busy.[78]

On 24 May 1933, which was Imperiya kuni, Winton was honoured with a viceregal visit in the person of Ser Lesli Orme Uilson, Kvinslend gubernatori. He stayed in town overnight after having arrived by train from Hughenden with his wife, Lady Wilson and his entourage and taking part in a civic reception. His party left again by train the next morning bound for Longreach.[79]

On 3 October 1934, a Qantas plane bound for Winton from Longreach, the Atlanta (ba'zi manbalarda, Atalanta[80][81]), a de Havilland DH.50, caught fire in the air near its destination and the pilot tried, unsuccessfully, to make an emergency landing not far west of town before the fire on board set the fuel tank off. Complicating matters just then was a chang bo'roni, which made for very poor visibility, and which later also delayed the sighting of the wreck by searchers. The aircraft came down in a ball of fire, killing the pilot and his two business passengers, one of whom, a sandal daraxti buyer named William McKnoe, was from Winton.[82]

Modern road conditions apparently had yet to come to Winton in 1934. A visiting pastoral company general manager, commenting on roads in western Queensland in general said that the roads in the Klonuriya shirasi were the worst in the state, but added that among streets in the state's towns, Winton's were the worst in Queensland.[83] A heatwave struck Winton the next month, with temperatures reaching a reported 113 °F (45 °C) on 24 November.[84]

On 5 August 1938, Australian Prime Minister Jozef Lyons visited Winton on an extended tour of Queensland, the first Prime Minister to visit the town since Stanley Bruce's visit in 1927. The chairman of the Shire Council, T. J. Shanahan, had a wish list for the Prime Minister. He asked for assistance from both state and federal levels for the wool industry, an "A class" radiostansiya and a railway to the Barclay Tableland (which has never been built). Further deputations also asked for improvements to Winton's aerodrom and for national highways to be built in western Queensland.[85]

It was another nine years before Winton's demands for a radio station were met, and even then, the broadcasts were sent out from Longreach, not Winton. Nevertheless, there was proper wireless service beginning on 19 March 1947, when ABC transmitter at Longreach came into service.[86]

Disaster struck Winton's business community in September 1938 when a fire tore through several buildings in the middle of town. Destroyed were the Royal Mail Hotel, the Olympia Picture Theatre (whose projection room was in the hotel), a building and a house owned by townsman Stanton Mellick, and a building owned by a man named William Thomson who operated a hardware and saddlery shop with his brother, James Thomson. Some of these buildings contained several businesses. The fire broke out in the cinema's spool room and spread quickly. Yong'in o'chiruvchilar had to deal with low water pressure due to ongoing repairs. The damage caused by the fire was reckoned to be between £17,000 and £18,000. Hech kim jabrlanmagan.[87]

Second World War and later 20th century

1939 yilda Ikkinchi jahon urushi broke out, and Australia joined the Ittifoqchilar. There was a proposal, which met with great enthusiasm in Winton, to form a Western Battalion. A Colonel Hoad delivered a speech in June on the proposal at the Shire Hall before "a big crowd of young men", asking them to join up to show their support for the Western Battalion. Forty men responded by joining up on the spot.[88]

In June 1942, a Qo'shma Shtatlar Kongressmen stayed overnight at the North Gregory Hotel in Winton. This was an uncommon event in itself, especially during the Second World War, but it was made all the more so because he and a number of American military personnel – including two generals – had just survived an favqulodda qo'nish ning The Swoose at Carisbrooke Station, about 85 km southwest of Winton, and also because the Congressman happened to be Lyndon B. Jonson, keyinchalik kim bo'lish kerak edi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti.[89]

On 27 June 1946, there was a royal visit as the Dyuk va Gloucester gersoginyasi came to visit Winton for half an hour.[90]

The 1946 North Gregory Hotel fire; silhouetted at right is the Corfield & Fitzmaurice Store.
Oqibatlari

On 7 August 1946, the North Gregory Hotel burnt down, for the third time, in a fire that also consumed several other nearby businesses. Firefighters' efforts were supplemented by a chelak brigadasi, but even so, the blaze took three hours to quench. The damage was set at £30,000. There was no mention of injuries.[91]

In 1951, Winton held its first rodeo and it was very popular and successful.[92] It quickly became a yearly event, and three years later, 4,700 people came into the town – whose population was then about 1,300 – for the rodeo. There was not enough room for them all at the local hotels, and 600 of them slept on stretcher beds brought into town by local graziers. There was £1050 in prize money.[93]

In 1953, a replacement for the North Gregory Hotel – this one built of brick, not wood – was nearing completion. The task had been taken on by Winton Shire Council because nobody else could be found who was willing to build the replacement. The project's estimated cost was £120,000. As of May that year, the Council still had not decided whether to run the hotel itself or to lease it to another operator. The hotel was to have amenities that were then quite uncommon in Central West Queensland, including havo sovutish in the bar, the dining room and the lounge.[94] The town was seeking to provide other, more public amenities in the late 1940s and early 1950s as well, including a £100,000 kanalizatsiya scheme and a sovutish minorasi for the artesian bore water, which came out of the ground quite hot. The expenditure of £17,000 on this was "essential if the water is to be 100 per cent. effective for fire-fighting." The same 1948 news item that announced these proposals also mentioned a project for a "municipal hotel", needed after the North Gregory Hotel had burnt down, and the foreseen cost for that was "between £30,000 and £40,000". There were obviously some ortiqcha xarajatlar (yuqoriga qarang).[95]

In 1962, some qazib olingan dinozavr tracks were discovered at a quarry and are now on display at their original site in a climate-controlled building at Lark karerining dinozavr yo'llari some 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Winton.[96]

On 22 September 1966, there was another aviation disaster near Winton. Ansett-ANA reysi 149, a Vikers Viskont aircraft, had taken off from Iso tog'i on a 73-minute flight to Longreach, when it ran into trouble 44 minutes into the flight, once an engine fire broke out. The blaze quickly spread to the fuel tank, resulting in part of the left wing breaking away. This sealed the aircraft's fate. It crashed some 19 kilometres (12 mi) west of Winton, at Nadjayamba Station, killing all 24 people on board.[97] The crash site was not very far from where the 1934 Atlanta disaster had happened. On the 40th anniversary of the accident in 2006, a memorial was unveiled in the main street of Winton.

Tashqi rasm
rasm belgisi Photograph of memorial in Winton, plus 3 photographs of the crash site and 10 of the aircraft

In "1972/73", a new festival began in Winton, the Outback Festival. This is held every other year, in odd-numbered years, in September, and was originally conceived as something that would boost Winton's local economy, for the years leading up to the first Outback Festival had been drought years.[98][99]

In November 1974, Winton got its own televizion uzatuvchi, ABWNQ-8.[100] This broadcasts the Avstraliya teleradioeshittirish korporatsiyasi "s Queensland service, asoslangan Brisben. The tower stands about 20 km north of town.

Another Prime Minister visited Winton in 1979, Malkolm Freyzer. He used the occasion to make known his government's intention to undertake "an urgent inquiry on how to overcome worsening fuel shortages."[101]

In April 1995, Winton marked the centenary of "Waltzing Matilda" with a festival. Bosh Vazir Pol Kitting va Kvinslend Premer Ueyn Goss showed up for the festivities, and among other things, they unveiled a statue of Banjo Paterson.[102] In 1998, the Waltzing Matilda Centre opened.

In 1999, a huge Bo'r sauropod about 95 million years old was unearthed near Winton. It was dubbed "Elliot".[103]

21-asr

In 2002, a "non‐profit science initiative" named Avstraliya dinozavrlar davri was established whose aim is to expose Australian dinosaurs at a world-class muzey. One project sought to contain the Lark karerining dinozavr yo'llari near Opalton inside a climate-controlled building to preserve and display them, a project that has been accomplished.[104] In 2009, three new dinosaur species were given their scientific nomenclature (with nicknames in round brackets). Ular Australovenator wintonensis ("Banjo"), Diamantinasaurus matildae ("Matilda") and Wintonotitan wattsi ("Clancy").[103][105]

Da 2011 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish, Winton had a population of 954.[106]

A cultural disaster struck Winton in June 2015 when the Waltzing Matilda Centre burnt down, destroying many artefacts.[107]

2015 Waltzing Matilda Centre fire

On the night of 17 June 2015, fire broke out in the Waltzing Matilda Centre, the building that housed town's information centre and a museum housing a collection of historic artifacts. Firefighters arrived within minutes to find the rear of the building engulfed in flames, the teams fought desperately to save the front of the building and any artifacts that hadn't already been destroyed. Despite all efforts, the entire structure was reduced to a smoldering wreck with little evidence of the building ever housing such a unique museum. The fire has been deemed unsuspicious and investigators are currently[qachon? ] looking for clues to the cause of the blaze. The building was unoccupied at the time of the fire and there were no casualties.[108]

The rebuilt museum reopened in April 2018.[109]

Ko'rgazmalar

Valsing Matilda markazi

Winton is intimately involved in the story of the popular Australian folk song, "Valsing Matilda ", which had its first performance in the North Gregory Hotel in the town. The Waltzing Matilda Centre opened in 1998 and is the first museum dedicated to a song.[110] Qo'shiq muallifi "Banjo" Paterson whilst holidaying at a local property, Dagvort stantsiyasi. The music for the song was arranged by Kristina Makferson, the sister of the station manager who was visiting at the same time.

In 2012, to remind Australians of the song's significance, Winton organised the inaugural Waltzing Matilda Day to be held on 6 April, the anniversary of its first performance.[111][112]

Qirollik teatri

The historic Royal Theatre is one of the few remaining open-air picture theatres in Australia and home to the World's Largest Deckchair which was originally constructed in Victoria by the Freemasons Taskforce in 2002 and donated to Winton and the Royal Theatre by the members of that taskforce in April 2005.

Outback Festival

The Outback Festival has been recognized since 1991 winning many Outback Queensland Tourism accolades including the recent 2012 Winner of the Outback Queensland Tourism Awards for Festivals and Events and finalist at the Queensland Regional Achievement and Community Awards.[iqtibos kerak ] The Festival being one of three chosen from over 90 Queensland organizations for the Community of Year Award. Featured events include the Quilton Australian Dunny Derby.[113] The Outback Century Cycle Challenge is also held over this event period, attracting competitors from all over Australia for their one chance in every two years of mastering the outback course.

Arno's Wall

Arno's wall is a strange mixture of art and architecture. Cemented contents of the wall include rusted lawnmower parts, boat propellers, vintage typewriters and sewing machines and even a couple of complete motorbikes. A photograph of the wall by Gordon Undy is in the Avstraliya milliy kutubxonasi raqamli to'plam.[114]

Meros ro'yxatlari

Winton has a number of meros ro'yxatiga kiritilgan saytlar, shu jumladan:

Boshqa inshootlar

Winton's visitor centre is located in the Waltzing Matilda Centre. The town has a range of museums including the heritage-listed former Corfield and Fitzmaurice emporium as well as the heritage truck and machinery museum. Winton has a range of facilities available to the public, including a showground, racecourse, golf, bowls, skate park, and swimming facilities and a public library.[117]

The Winton Shire kengashi Library Service operates a library at 76 Elderslie Street.[118]

The Winton branch of the Queensland Country ayollar assotsiatsiyasi has its rooms at 47 Vindex Street.[119]

Winton aeroporti is located about 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) northeast of Winton.

Iqlim

Winton's climate is yarim quruq bilan Köppen tasnifi of BSh (hot semi-arid).[120] Winton is dry with summer temperatures ranging from 23 °C to 38 °C while temperatures in the 'winter' season range from 9 °C to 25 °C. Temperatures above 30 °C can be experienced throughout the year, and even hotter temperatures above 40 °C can be recorded in every month from October to March. Rainfall is concentrated in summer and the yearly average is 414.7 mm (16.3 in). Extremes have ranged from 46.8 °C (116.2 °F) to -1.7 °C (28.9 °F).

Climate data for Winton (Winton Airport 2002-2016)
OyYanvarFevralMarAprelMayIyunIyulAvgustSentyabrOktyabrNoyabrDekabrYil
Yuqori darajani yozing ° C (° F)46.9
(116.4)		45.5
(113.9)		43.4
(110.1)		40.0
(104.0)		37.7
(99.9)		33.8
(92.8)		35.2
(95.4)		37.6
(99.7)		41.0
(105.8)		43.9
(111.0)		45.7
(114.3)		46.9
(116.4)		46.9
(116.4)
O'rtacha yuqori ° C (° F)37.5
(99.5)		36.8
(98.2)		35.7
(96.3)		32.8
(91.0)		28.6
(83.5)		24.7
(76.5)		24.9
(76.8)		27.6
(81.7)		31.9
(89.4)		36.0
(96.8)		38.1
(100.6)		38.8
(101.8)		32.8
(91.0)
O'rtacha past ° C (° F)24.1
(75.4)		22.9
(73.2)		21.4
(70.5)		17.5
(63.5)		13.0
(55.4)		9.8
(49.6)		8.7
(47.7)		9.8
(49.6)		14.4
(57.9)		18.3
(64.9)		21.8
(71.2)		23.7
(74.7)		17.1
(62.8)
Past ° C (° F) yozib oling17.0
(62.6)		14.4
(57.9)		13.2
(55.8)		8.2
(46.8)		3.1
(37.6)		1.3
(34.3)		1.1
(34.0)		1.5
(34.7)		5.3
(41.5)		6.0
(42.8)		12.1
(53.8)		13.7
(56.7)		1.1
(34.0)
O'rtacha yog'ingarchilik mm (dyuym)81.8
(3.22)		68.7
(2.70)		51.7
(2.04)		19.0
(0.75)		12.9
(0.51)		23.2
(0.91)		15.6
(0.61)		9.5
(0.37)		15.2
(0.60)		6.3
(0.25)		26.9
(1.06)		36.5
(1.44)		367.3
(14.46)
O'rtacha yomg'irli kunlar (≥ 1 mm)6.24.62.91.61.72.11.51.11.51.13.14.632
Manba: Meteorologiya byurosi[121]

Ommaviy madaniyatda

2005 yilgi film Taklif was filmed entirely in Winton and the surrounding area.

2013 yilgi film Sirli yo'l was also filmed in Winton and the surrounding area.[122]

2016 yilgi film Oltin tosh used Winton as a part of their film set.[123]

Ta'lim

Winton State School opened on 10 August 1885.[124]

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