Wisbech - Wisbech

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Wisbech
Shimoliy qirg'oq
Wisbech Ichida joylashgan joy Kambridjeshire
Aholisi	33,933 (2016)
OS tarmog'iga ma'lumotnoma	TF4609
Fuqarolik cherkovi	Wisbech
Tuman	Fenlandiya
Shire tumani	Kambridjeshire
Mintaqa	Sharq
Mamlakat	Angliya
Suveren davlat	Birlashgan Qirollik
Pochta shaharchasi	WISBECH
Pochta indeksi	PE13, PE14
Kodni terish	01945
Politsiya	Kambridjeshire
Yong'in	Kambridjeshire
Tez yordam	Angliyaning sharqi
Buyuk Britaniya parlamenti	Shimoliy-Sharqiy Kambridjeshir
Joylar ro'yxati Buyuk Britaniya Angliya Kambridjeshire 52 ° 39′50 ″ N. 0 ° 09′36 ″ E / 52.664 ° N 0.160 ° E / 52.664; 0.160Koordinatalar: 52 ° 39′50 ″ N. 0 ° 09′36 ″ E / 52.664 ° N 0.160 ° E / 52.664; 0.160

Wisbech (/ˈwɪzbiːtʃ/ WIZ- olxa ) bozor shaharchasi va fuqarolik cherkovi ichida Fens ning Eli oroli, Kambridjeshire, Angliya.^[1]2011 yilda 31.573 nafar aholi istiqomat qilgan. Shahar okrugning eng shimoliy-sharqida, chegaradosh joyda joylashgan Norfolk va janubdan atigi 8 milya masofada joylashgan Linkolnshir. Kelgindi Nene daryosi shahar markazidan o'tuvchi ikkita ko'prik mavjud. Oldin Mahalliy hokimiyat to'g'risidagi qonun 1972 yil 1974 yilda kuchga kirdi Wisbech edi a shahar tumani.

Tarix

Etimologiya

"Wisbech" ism-sharifi birinchi marta bu erda tasdiqlangan Angliya-sakson xronikasi sifatida paydo bo'lgan 656 yil uchun Wisebece. Bu 1086 yilda qayd etilgan Domesday kitobi kabi Wisbece. Xalq orasida Wisbech nomi "Ouse (daryosi) orqasida" degan ma'noni anglatadi, Ouse keng tarqalgan Keltcha so'z suv bilan bog'liq va nomi daryo bir paytlar shahar bo'ylab oqib o'tgan. Ko'proq ilmiy fikr shundaki, birinchi element quyidagilardan kelib chiqadi Vissi daryosi Visbechga yugurib kelgan va bu nom "Vissi daryosi vodiysi" degan ma'noni anglatadi.^[2]Savdo belgilarida, gazetalarda, kitoblarda, xaritalarda va boshqa hujjatlarda juda ko'p imlolar mavjud. Wisbece, Wisebece, Visbba, Visbek, Visbek, Visbebek, Vissek, Wysbech, Wyxbech, Visbebek, Visbidj, Visbich va Wisbitch,^[3][4]shahar nomi imlosi 19-asrda mahalliy kengash tomonidan o'rnatilgunga qadar.

Davomida Temir asri, Wisbech rivojlanadigan maydon g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Brytonik Iceni qabila hududi. Icenian tangalari ham mart, ham Wisbechdan ma'lum.^[5] Kambridjeshirning qolgan qismi singari, Wisbech ham Qirollikning bir qismi bo'lgan Sharqiy Angliya keyin Angliya-sakson istilosi.

O'rta yosh

Wisbech-ga birinchi haqiqiy havolalardan biri 664 yildagi Abbeyga atamani bergan nizomda uchraydi Medeshamstede (hozir Peterboro ) Visbechdagi er^[6] va 1000 yilda, Osvi va Leoflede o'g'li Aelfvinni rohib sifatida qabul qilganlarida, villa monastiriga Ely.^[7] 1086 yilda, Wisbech abbat tomonidan ushlab turilganda, Wisbech manorida taxminan 65-70 ta oila yoki taxminan 300-350 kishi bo'lgan bo'lishi mumkin. Biroq, Wisbech (bu Domesday kitobida qayd etilgan orolning Marshland villalaridan yagona biri), ehtimol butun hududni o'z ichiga olgan Tydd Gote eng oxirigacha Yaxshi da Uelni.^[8]

Qal'a qurilgan Uilyam I saytni mustahkamlash. Domesday kuni (1086) aholi katta qishloq aholisi edi. Ba'zilari dehqonlar, boshqalari baliqchilar edi.^[9]

Richard I Wisbechga nizom berdi.King Angliyalik Jon 1216 yil 12 oktyabrda qal'aga tashrif buyurganida tashrif buyurgan Yepiskopning Lin. An'anaga ko'ra, uning bagaj poezdi kirib kelayotgan to'lqin tufayli yo'qolgan Yuvish. Xazina qidiruvchilar hali ham yo'qolgan qirollik xazinasini qidirmoqdalar.^[10]

Yigirma yil o'tgach, qal'a dengiz toshqini tufayli "butunlay yo'q qilindi"; ammo u 1246 yilga kelib, konstable yoki soqchi Wm Justice bo'lganida qayta tiklandi.

Bishopning reestri Jon Fordxem Ely 1407 yilda Grammatika olimlarining magistrini tayinlaydi (Grammatika maktabi 1379 yoki undan oldinroq).

Edvard IV 1469 yilda Visbechga tashrif buyurgan.^[11]

Erta zamonaviy

Nizomi Eduard VI, 1549 yil 1-iyun shaharni korporatsiyaga aylantirdi. Xuddi shu yili Wm. Bellman maktab uyi uchun er uchastkasini berdi.^[12]1333–44 yillarda shaharchadagi pech 120 ming dona g'isht ishlab chiqardi. Wisbech manoriga tegishli bo'lgan bir nechta baliqchilik mavjud edi va 1350 yillarda Uolton va Leverington riflari har biri Visbek qal'asiga, Terringtonning rifi esa qilich baliqlarini jo'natdilar.^[13]

Hukmronligi davrida Yelizaveta I, Jeyms I va Karl I Wisbechda katoliklar uchun davlat cherkovi qamoqxonasi mavjud edi, ularning aksariyati jinnilik sharoitida u erda vafot etdi.^[14]1588 yilda bu da'vo qilingan Robert Keytsbi va Frensis Tresham yaqinlashganda Wisbeach qal'asiga sodiq edi Ispaniya Armada.^[15] O'tkazilganlar orasida bor edi Jon Fekkenem, oxirgi Vestminster Abboti. Saroy buzilib, uning o‘rniga 17-asr o‘rtalarida Jon Turloning qasri, 1816 yilda esa Turloning qasri buzilgan. Jozef Medvort Shuningdek, u "Hilol", "Union Place" va "Ely Place" dan iborat "Circus" ni ishlab chiqqan bo'lib, muzey maydoni va qal'a maydonini ko'plab kostyumlar dramalari bilan tanishgan.

1620 yilda Wisbechning sobiq aholisi Uilyam Uayt va Doroteya Bredford (may may) suzib ketishdi Mayflower uchun Yangi dunyo eri bilan Uilyam Bredford (gubernator) keyinchalik gubernator Bredford bo'ldi.^[16]Amerikalik nasabnomachi, 2017 yil oktyabr, Mayflower yo'lovchisining kelib chiqishi Syuzanna Jekson Uayt Uinslov.

Sharqiy mamlakatlar bo'ylab, Oliver Kromvel qudratli Sharqiy assotsiatsiya oxir-oqibat dominant edi. Biroq, boshlash uchun, ning elementi bo'lgan Royalist Wisbech ichidagi xushyoqish. Episkop Metyu Rren ning qat'iy tarafdori edi Karl I Ammo hatto 1640 yilda Viskda ham mashhur emas edi, chunki uning Qal'adagi "Kanalizatsiya komissiyasi" yig'ilishida yo'qligini bilib, ko'plab askarlar uning ba'zi tarafdorlarining do'konlarini talon-taroj qildilar. Shahar chegara yaqinida edi Parlament va Qirollik kuchlari 1643 yilda. Qal'a va shahar tayyor holatga keltirilgan va kuchaytirilgan. Bir guruh ot ko'tarildi. Mahalliy kuchlar ishtirok etdi Crowland qamalida 1642 yilda. Shahar Linkolnshirdan Norfolkgacha bo'lgan yo'lni, ayniqsa qamal paytida nazorat qilgan Qirol Lin 1643 yilda Norfolk portini ushlab turgan qirollarning quruqliklarini kuchaytirishga to'sqinlik qildi.^[17]

Shahar kutubxonasi tashkil etildi v. 1653.^[18]

1656 yilda episkop saroyi bilan almashtirildi Thurloe Qayta tiklanganidan so'ng, bu uy Ely episkopining qarorgohiga qaytarilgan.^[19]

Sovun soliqqa tortildi va Wisbech Soap Company kabi ishlab chiqaruvchilar litsenziyani talab qildilar. Daryoga qaragan Eski Bozor mulkiga asoslanib, ular King's Linning moyli hovlilaridan, shuningdek ular ishlab chiqargan qo'pol, shirin va kulrang (qoralangan) sovunlarni tayyorlashda ishlatiladigan ko'mir, kassalar uchun o'tin va zaytun moylarini olishlari mumkin edi. 1716 yildan 1770 yilgacha.^[20]

Wisbechning Albion-Pleysda joylashgan birinchi ishchi xonasi 1722 yilda ochilgan bo'lib, u uch yuz mahbusni qamrab olishi va narxi 2000 funt sterlingni tashkil qilishi mumkin edi.^[21]

Pekover uyi Nene tomonidan Shimoliy Brinkda

Pekover uyi, devor bilan o'ralgan bog'i bilan, 1722 yilda qurilgan va tomonidan sotib olingan Quaker 1790-yillarda Pekover bank ishi oilasi. Endi u egalik qiladi Milliy ishonch (NT). Ilgari "Bank House" nomi bilan tanilgan bu uy NT tomonidan Pekover oilasi sharafiga o'zgartirilgan. The Peckover banki tarkibiga kirdi Barclays banki.

17-asrda aholisi Fensning drenajlanishiga qarshilik ko'rsatgani uchun "Fen yo'lbarslari" nomi bilan tanilgan, ammo loyiha Visbaxni qishloq xo'jaligi mahsulotlari bilan shug'ullanadigan boy portga aylantirgan. O'sha paytda Wisbech Daryoning estaryosida edi Daryo Buyuk Ouse, ammo silting qirg'oqning shimolga siljishiga sabab bo'ldi va Nene daryosi shaharga xizmat ko'rsatish uchun yo'naltirildi.

1781 yilda Jonatan Pekoverning uyida Wisbech Adabiy Jamiyati tashkil etildi.^[22]

Ikkala Pickard's Lane (omborcha) va North End teatrlari va High Street-dagi uchinchi (vaqtinchalik tuzilish) nomlanadi. Yangi teatr (hozirda uning qismi) Burchlar teatri Deadman's Lane-da (keyinchalik Buyuk Cherkov ko'chasi, hozirgi Aleksandra yo'li) qurilgan edi Burchlar teatri c1790. 1791 yil 8-noyabrda Edvard Sautuell mulkining bir qismi bo'lgan qal'a tarkibidagi kim oshdi savdosini o'tkazishda foydalanilgan.^[23]

Kech zamonaviy

Wisbech Regatta birinchi bo'lib 1850 yilda o'tkazilgan.^[24]

1858 yil iyun. Rus miltig'i. - O'tgan hafta davomida rus quroliga mis yozuvlari qo'shildi, unga shunday yozuvlar yozilgan edi: - "Qirolicha Viktoriya Visbech burjessalariga sovg'a qilgan. Rossiyaning so'nggi urushidagi bu kubok. Tomas Sid Uotson, Shahar hokimi, 1858 yil. ^[25]

Eli oroli va Visbek reklama beruvchisi 1845 yilda tashkil etilgan.^[26]

Yangi Wisbech & Fenland muzeyi bino 1847 yilda ochilgan va Wisbech va uning atrofidagi tabiiy va madaniy merosni yig'ish, parvarish qilish va talqin qilishni davom ettiradi.^[27]

1848 yil 1 martda Sharqiy o'lkalar temir yo'li Wisbeach-ni ochdi (sic) stantsiya (keyinchalik o'zgartirildi Wisbech East temir yo'l stantsiyasi ). 1968 yil 9 sentyabrda yopildi.

1853-54 yillarda vabo epidemiyasi shaharda 1854 yilda 176 o'lim haqida xabar berilgan.^[28] Wisbech o'lim darajasi (10 000 ga 49) mamlakatda to'rtinchi o'rinni egalladi. Keyingi yil kanalizatsiya ishlariga 8000 funt va suv ta'minoti uchun 13.400 funt sterling sarflandi.^[29]

1857 yil 29-iyun, yakshanba kuni olomon shaharga kirib, Misr savdogarlarining derazalarini sindirib, makkajo'xori olib, do'kon egalaridan pul talab qilishdi. Iyulda davul urib urib yuborgan janoblar va savdogarlar 500 ga yaqin odamni yollashdi va Upvellga borishdi va 60 kishini olib, ularni dazmollarga joylashtirishdi. 4 sentyabrda Visbechda qo'zg'olon uchun hukm qilingan 14 jinoyatchining Lordlar sudyalariga hisobot berildi, shundan keyin 2 nafari keyingi shanba va o'n ikkitasi transport uchun ijro etilishi buyurilgan edi.^[30]

1864 yilda Qal'aning mulkini Aleksandr Pekover sotib oldi. 1932 yilda uning avlodi Aleksandrina Pekover Boro kengashiga Urush yodgorligi yonida joylashgan manzarali bog 'sifatida barpo etish uchun yer berdi.^[31]

1883 yil avgustda Wisbech va Upwell tramvay yo'llari ochildi. Oxir oqibat u 1966 yilda yopilgan (yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish 1927 yilda tugagan). Bug 'tramvaylari 1952 yilda dizel bilan almashtirildi.

Wisbech Standard gazetasi 1888 yilda tashkil etilgan.^[32]

1904 yil aprel oyida tuman kengashi elektr elektr yoritgichlarini o'rnatish uchun National Electric Construction Company Ltd bilan shartnoma tuzdi.^[33]

1913 yil 30 oktyabrda Riot qonuni shahar hokimi mashhur jarroh doktor Horas Dimokning vafotiga javoban fuqarolar tartibsizligiga javoban o'qidi. U doktor Meakok ma'lumotlariga ko'ra jinoiy tuhmatda ayblanib hibsga olingan edi. Dimok o'z joniga qasd qilganini eshitib, olomon paydo bo'lib, Shimoliy qirg'oqdagi Meakok qarorgohining derazalarini sindirib tashladi. Politsiya olomonni zimmasiga oldi va ko'chalarni tozaladi.^[34]

The Wisbech kanali Wisbechdagi Nene daryosiga qo'shilish keyinchalik to'ldirildi va sharqdan shaharga olib boruvchi ikki yo'lli yo'lga aylandi (endi aylanma yo'lni kesib o'tmoqda).^[35]

Wisbech War Memorial 1921 yil 24-iyulda ochilgan.^[36]

1929 yilda Wisbech tanlovi 4-5 sentyabr kunlari Sibalds Xolm bog'ida bo'lib o'tdi. Pageant ustasi ser edi Artur Brayant Cambridgeshire 1924, Oksfordshirdagi 1926 va 1928 va 1929 yillardagi London imperiyasi musobaqalarida tajribaga ega bo'lgan. Visbekning umumiy tashrifi 25000 kishidan oshgan.^[37]

1934 yilda Valsoken cherkovining bir qismi Norfolk Wisbech bilan birlashtirilib, maktablarni, do'konlarni va jamoat uylarini olib keldi, lekin Norfolkdagi cherkovni va qishloq qismining ko'p qismini tark etdi. Hozirda Nyu-Valsoken shahar atrofi asosan qurilgan. Tadbirni yozib olish uchun Wisbech Parkdagi chegara belgisi o'rnatildi.^[38] Ring's End Wisbech-dan Elm-ga ko'chirildi.^[39]

1939 yilda Wisbech tarixi va merosini himoya qilish uchun Wisbech Society and Preservation Trust tashkil etilgan.^[40]

1949 yilda Borough o'z ustavini olganining 400 yilligini nishonladi. Barton Road-dagi Sibalds Xolm-Parkdagi ko'rgazmada 600 dan ortiq ijrochilar qatnashdilar.^[41][42]

Birinchi Wisbech atirgul yarmarkasi 1963 yilda mahalliy atirgul yetishtiruvchilar cherkov cherkovida atirgul kurtaklarini sotish paytida uni tiklash uchun o'tkazilgan.^[43]

1979 yil 21 sentyabrda, ikkitasi Harrier sakrash samolyotlari mashqlar paytida Visbech ustiga to'qnashib ketdi; biri dalaga, ikkinchisi turar-joy maydoniga tushdi. Ramnot-Yo'lda ikkita uy va bungalov buzib tashlandi, natijada Bob Bouers, uning ikki yashar o'g'li Jonatan Bouers va shaharning sobiq meri Bill Trampess o'limiga sabab bo'ldi.^[44]

5 milya (8 km), 6 million funt A47 Wisbech / West Walton bypass yo'li 1982 yil bahorida ochilgan.

1990 yilda okrug chegarasining keyingi o'zgarishi Valsoken (Norfolk) ning kichik maydonini Visbaxga olib keldi.^[45]

Zamonaviy

2009 yilda Oksford Arxeologiya Sharqi (OAE) qazishni tashkil qildi Wisbech qal'asi yepiskop saroyining qoldiqlarini qidirish.^[46] Ko'p sonli mahalliy ko'ngillilar ishtirok etishdi va yuzlab bolalar qazish joyiga tashrif buyurishdi. Yilning oxirida bir guruh ko'ngillilar Fenland Arxeologik Jamiyatini (FenArch) tashkil etishdi. Jamiyat bir qator qazish ishlarini, shu jumladan Maneya koloniyasi Kembrij Arxeologiya Birligi (CAU) tomonidan tashkil etilgan qazish.^[47]

Shahar bog'dorchilik bilan yaxshi tanilgan Wisbech atirgul yarmarkasi va boshqa gul bayramlari. 2018 yilda shahar biznesni takomillashtirish (BID) toifasidagi oltin mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi Qirollik bog'dorchilik jamiyati yillik (RHS) yillik Bloomdagi Britaniya taqdirlash marosimi.^[48] 2019 yilda Bloomda tugagan Angliya RHS shahridagi yirik shahar toifasida Oltin mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi. Vaterlilar "Guruhdagi eng yaxshi" va "Urban" nominatsiyasida "Oltin mukofot" va "Sankt-Peters bog'lari" "Kichik bog'lar" nominatsiyasida "Oltin mukofot".^[49]

Boshqaruv

Visbek shahar Kengashi a saylaydi shahar hokimi. 18 ta maslahatchidan iborat shahar kengashi har to'rt yilda saylanadi. Shaharda ettita saylov uchastkasi mavjud: Klarkson, Kirton, Medvort, Oktavia Xill, Pekover, Steyt va Voterli qishlog'i. Shahar kengashi mas'uldir ajratmalar va bozor joyi.^[50] 2018 yilda kengash ijaraga oldi Wisbech qal'asi.^[51]

Shahar shuningdek, maslahatchilarni saylaydi Fenlandiya okrugi va Kambridjeshir okrugi kengashi. Wisbech ichida Kembridjeshir va Peterboro birlashgan hokimiyati.^[52]

2019 yil may oyida bo'lib o'tgan saylovlarda o'n ikki nafar maslahatchilar Fenland okrugiga ovoz bermasdan qaytarib berildilar Saylovni isloh qilish jamiyati "chirigan tumanlar" ro'yxati.^[53]

Wisbech endi Shimoliy-Sharqiy Kambridjeshir saylov okrugi.

Transport

Suv yo'llari

Visbech yon tomonning ikkala tomonida o'tiradi Nene daryosi,^[54] va uning porti - bu Cambridgeshire-ning dengizga kirish eshigi.^[55] Nene daryosi va Velland daryosini bog'lash sxemalari taklif qilinmoqda, bu esa qayiqlarga toza suv bilan ulanishga imkon beradi.^[56] Ilgari, Visbech porti 400 tonna suzib yuradigan kemalarni sig'dira oladigan edi, ammo 1852 yildan keyin uning keng farovonligi pasayib ketdi, chunki keng daryo ishlari navigatsiyaga to'sqinlik qildi.^[57] Endi daryo bo'yidagi yaxtalar porti kemalar uchun 128 ta to'xtash joyini ta'minlaydi va Crab Marshboat hovlisi 75 tonnalik qayiqni ko'taradi. 2013 yil dekabr oyida shaharning daryolardagi toshqin suv toshqini himoyasi sinovdan o'tkazildi, qachonki g'ayritabiiy baland suv toshqini yaqinda yaxshilangan devorlar va toshqin eshiklarini ko'tarish bilan tahdid qilganda.^[58]

Yo'llar

1831 yilda ko'taruvchi ko'prik qurildi Satton ko'prigi nihoyat Norfolk va Linkolnshir o'rtasida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri sayohat qilish uchun vositani taqdim etdi.^[59] Shahar A sinfidagi ikkita yo'lning kesishmasida turgan: Peterborodan Kingning Linnigacha (A47) va Elydan Long Sattongacha (A1101). A1101 endi daryodan yangi "Ozodlik ko'prigi" orqali o'tib, eski "Shahar ko'prigi" dan biroz harakatlanmoqda. A47 endi shaharchani chetlab o'tmoqda. Shahar ichidagi A47 ning eski qismi (Lin Rd va Kromvel Rd) endi B198.

Temir yo'llar

Bir paytlar Wisbechda uchta yo'lovchi temir yo'l liniyasi bo'lgan, ammo ularning barchasi 1959-1968 yillarda yopilgan. Mart-Visbechni qayta ochish bo'yicha faol kampaniya mavjud. Bramley chizig'i milliy temir yo'l tarmog'ining bir qismi sifatida, Kembrijga va, ehtimol, Peterboroga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri xizmat ko'rsatadigan. U Visbek shahar kengashi tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi va 2013 yilda tuman kengashi tomonidan topshirilgan hisobotlarga binoan.^[60] Ushbu yo'nalish (2019) GRIP 3 o'quv bosqichida.^[61] 2009 yilda Poezdni ekspluatatsiya qiluvchi kompaniyalar assotsiatsiyasi (ATOC) tomonidan e'lon qilingan hisobotda bu hayotiy ekanligi ko'rsatilgan.^[62] Chiziq tomonidan ochilishning ustuvor yo'nalishi sifatida aniqlandi Yaxshi transport uchun kampaniya.^[63]

Demografiya

^[64]

2016 yildan boshlab^[yangilash] Wisbech aholisi 33.933 kishini tashkil etdi, shundan 16800 nafari erkaklar va 17133 ta ayollar. 6 748 kishi 18 yoshgacha va 7 156 yosh 65 yoshdan oshgan.^[65]

Bir nechta rasmiy joylarda (kutubxonalar, operatsiyalar, mahalliy kengashlar) litva, shuningdek polyak, latish, rus va portugal tillariga tarjimalar mavjud.^[66]

Iqtisodiyot

Fensni quritish tugamasdan, hayvonlar umumiy erlarda boqilib, egalarini aniqlash uchun belgi qo'yilgan; odatda, ularning veksellarida belgilanadigan oqqushlar bilan ham shunday bo'lgan.^[67] Daryo bo'yida joylashgan joy va Visbaxni o'rab turgan unumdor tuproqlar shaharning gullab-yashnashiga imkon berdi.

1740-yillarda Emi Uayt tomonidan gullab-yashnayotgan quvur ishlab chiqarish shaharchasida amalga oshirilgan.^[68] Sovun tayyorlash ham 1740 yillarda sodir bo'lgan^[69]

Shaharda bir qator pivo zavodlari mavjud edi; qolganlari Shimoliy qirg'oqda joylashgan Elgud. 1795 yilda tashkil etilgan va oilaviy biznesda qolgan pivo zavodi va bog'lar sayyohlar tashrif buyuradigan mashhur joy.^[70]

19-asrning birinchi yarmi shahar uchun juda gullab-yashnagan davr edi va port orqali yiliga o'rtacha 40 ming tonna mahsulot o'tdi, asosan ko'mir, makkajo'xori yog'ochlari va sharobdan iborat edi. Atrofdagi erlarda ko'p miqdordagi qo'ylar va buqalar, shuningdek jun, kanop va zig'ir ishlab chiqarilgan.^[71] Bilan savdo shunday edi Daniya konsul Shimoliy Terrasada, ba'zan Daniya uyi deb nomlangan Queen Anne uyida joylashganligi.^[72] 1851 yilda aholi 9594 kishini tashkil etdi. U 1861 yilda 9276 gacha kamaygan va 1891 yilda 9395 gacha ko'tarilgan. 1853 yilda Wisbech va Ely orolining doimiy qurilish jamiyati tashkil etilgan.^[73]

Arqon yasash arqon yurishida, chodir tikish ham V.Poppleton shahridagi Nene-Paradda bo'lib o'tdi. Mijozlar 1881 yilda tashrif buyurgan JW Merks tsirkini o'z ichiga olgan.^[74]

Wisbech Fruit Preserving Company Ltd 1894 yilda tashkil topgan.^[75]

1906 yil oktyabrda har yili xantal bozorlarining birinchisi bo'lib, u erda "jigarrang" va "oq" urug'lar yig'ib olindi. Doimiy yillik xaridorlar orasida Norvichning Messr Coleman ham bor edi.^[76][77]

Oktyabr oyida to'rtta shanba kuni bo'lib o'tgan Wisbech xantal bozori noyob deb da'vo qilingan, 1911 yilda u qirq yildan ziyod ishlab kelgan. Atirgul va tojda yirik fabrikalar va ishlab chiqaruvchilarning xaridorlari qatnashdilar va savdo qildilar.^[78]

Meva yig'ish uchun ko'plab ishchilar kerak edi, 1913 yilda terimchilarning katta oqimi tufayli politsiya har kuni 500 ta "uysiz" ishchilarga turar joy topishi kerak edi. 1920 yilgacha poezd kompaniyalari ushbu hududga keladigan meva yig'uvchilar uchun maxsus temir yo'l tariflarini taqdim etishgan.^[79]

Liptonlar 20-yillarda shaharda ularning murabbo fabrikalaridan biri bo'lgan.^[80]

Semyuel Uolles Smedli eskisini sotib oldi Kros va Blekuell murabbo tayyorlash zavodi. Wisbech Producer konservalari 1931 yilda Milliy konserva kompaniyasining tarkibiga kirdi. Shahzodalar guruhi hozir (2020) egalari.^[81]

Wisbech Produce Canners (1925 yilda tashkil etilgan), Lynn Rd-da, Angliyada birinchi bo'lib muzlatilgan qushqo'nmas, no'xat va qulupnay ishlab chiqargan. 1947 yilda Smedley's Ltd deb o'zgartirildi va keyinchalik Hillsdown Foods tomonidan qabul qilindi. Hozirda u shahzodalarga tegishli.

Metal Box kompaniyasi 1953 yilda Weasenham Lane-da o'zlarining eng yirik ishlab chiqarish qismini tashkil qildi. Bu erda meva, sabzavot, sho'rvalar, sut va uy hayvonlari uchun oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini qayta ishlash uchun mo'ljallangan konservalar mavjud. Avtomatlashtirish va ishdan bo'shatish natijasida ishchi kuchi qisqarishidan oldin 1000 dan oshdi. Po'lat Welsh po'lat zavodidan, shuningdek chet eldan olib kelingan. Wisbech to March liniyasi yopilishidan oldin sayt o'zining temir yo'l maydonchasiga ega edi. Hozir bu sayt Crown Cork tarkibiga kiradi.^[82]

Wisbech-da uzoq vaqtdan beri faoliyat yuritib kelayotgan yana bir kompaniya - "English Brothers Ltd" - bu Wisbech portiga olib kelingan yog'och importchilari.^[83] 1900 yilda ular Janubiy Afrikadagi urush uchun yog'och qo'shin xitlarini ishlab chiqarishdi.^[84] Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida ular yog'och qurol-yaroq qutilarini ishlab chiqarishdi.^[85] Visbech va Satton Brijda joylashgan Shire Garden Building Ltd 1980 yildan beri yog'ochdan yasalgan binolar ishlab chiqaradi.^[86]

2010 yilda Gollandiyada joylashgan Partner Logistics kompaniyasi Boleness Rd-da 12 million funt sterlingga teng muzlatilgan oziq-ovqat omborini ochdi va 50 dan ortiq xodimni ish bilan ta'minladi. 77000 pallet, to'liq avtomatlashtirilgan "muzlatgich" markazi bilan shartnomalar tuzilgan Qo'zi Weston, Qushlarning ko'zi va pinguinli ovqatlar.

So'nggi o'n yilliklarda Clarkson Geriatriya kasalxonasi (1983), Bowthorpe tug'ruqxona (1983 y.), Balding va Mansell (printerlar) (1992 y.), Budgens do'konining yopilishi^[87] (sobiq Coop) (2017) va bog'dorchilik kolleji (2012),^[88] Bridge Street pochta aloqasi (2014 yil), shuningdek CMB tomonidan ishchi kuchining bosqichma-bosqich qisqarishi iqtisodiyotning pasayishini ko'rsatadi.

Bodgers (2013) kabi kichik oilaviy korxonalar,^[89] Franks qassoblari (2015)^[90] va mahalliy nonvoyxonalar supermarketlarga yo'l berishdi.

Wisbech-dagi yirik ish beruvchilar orasida Nestle Purina uy hayvonlarini parvarish qilish, Cromwell Rd^[91] va knyazlar, Lin Rd.^[92]

2018 yil aprel oyida 8 million funt sterlingni qayta rejalashtirishni rejalashtirmoqda Shimoliy Cambridgeshire kasalxonasi e'lon qilindi.^[93]

Muzey maydoni, Wisbech

Pivo zavodlari, pivo uylari, klublar, mehmonxonalar va tavernalar

Bozorda joylashgan "Rose and Crown" mehmonxonasi shahardagi eng qadimgi binolardan biridir. Tudor zamonidan qolgan g'ishtdan yasalgan kassalar mavjud.^[94]

Turizm

National Trust mulki Pekover uyi va bog'lari sayyohlar va mahalliy aholini o'ziga jalb qiladi.

Wisbech va Fenland muzeyi Charlz Dikkens qo'lyozmasi, Tomas Klarkson yodgorliklari va boshqa eksponatlarni tomosha qilish uchun tashrif buyuradi, Octavia Hill tug'ilgan joyi milliy ishonch, armiya kadetlari kuchi yoki ijtimoiy uylarga qiziquvchilarni jalb qiladi. , Parkdagi teatrdagi teatr va ikkita kinoteatrdagi musiqiy kontsertlar, shuningdek, shahar tashqarisidagi tomoshabinlarni jalb qiladi. Visbech porti va marinasi qayiq ixlosmandlarini o'ziga jalb qiladi. Qal'a endi bir necha yillardan beri mavjud bo'lmaganidan keyin jamoatchilikka ochildi. uning tadbirlari va tadbirlari dasturiga tashrif buyuruvchilarni jalb qilishni boshlash.^[95]

Diniy saytlar

Anglikan Parish cherkovi Sankt-Peter va Sankt-Pol Qisman XII asrga tegishli. Minora 1821 yilda Uilyam Dobson tomonidan tashlangan, dunyodagi 10 ta qo'ng'iroqning uchinchi qadimgi po'stini o'z ichiga oladi; qo'ng'iroqlar hali ham ishlatilmoqda.^[96]

Anglikan Sent-Avgustinning Lin-Rddagi cherkovi 1868-9 yillarda barpo etilgan va 1869 yil 11-mayda muqaddas qilingan. Shu bilan bog'liq maktab binosi endi Robert Xolning skaut zali hisoblanadi. 1997 yilda cherkov uning yaqinidagi zal bilan bog'langanda yangi cherkov markazi yaratildi.^[97]

Bizning xonim va avliyo Charlz Borromeo cherkovi 1854 yildan buyon Rim katoliklarining cherkovi.

Boshqa ibodat joylari: Baptist, Xill St; Do'stlar jamiyati, Shimoliy Brink; Birlashgan islohotlar, Qasr maydoni; King's Church, Queens Rd; Yahovaning Shohidlari, Tinkers haydashdi; Uchbirlik metodisti, cherkov terasi; G'arbiy Sit; va Spiritualist, Aleksandr Rd.^[98]

Ta'lim

Wisbech grammatika maktabi Shimoliy Brinkda.

Visbechdagi boshlang'ich maktablarga quyidagilar kiradi: Klarkson go'dak va bolalar bog'chasi, Angliyaning Sent-Piters cherkovi, Angliya bog'lari bog'lari cherkovi akademiyasi, Pekover boshlang'ich maktabi, Nene chaqaloqlar maktabi, Ramnot o'smirlar maktabi va Elm Road boshlang'ich maktabi. Shuningdek, Meadowgate akademiyasi, Kambiyadagi Wisbech maktabi, County okrugi va Trinity maktabi kabi ixtisoslashgan maktablar mavjud. o'rta maktablar: the mustaqil Wisbech grammatika maktabi, 1379 yilda tashkil etilgan bo'lib, uni ulardan biriga aylantiradi Buyuk Britaniyadagi eng qadimgi maktablar va davlat tomonidan moliyalashtiriladi Tomas Klarkson akademiyasi. Shuningdek, a qo'shimcha ta'lim markazi: G'arbiy Angliya kolleji ilgari Eli oroli kolleji.^[99]

Sport

Sifatida Nene daryosi, va boshqa suv yo'llari ushbu hududda joylashgan, suv sportlari ommalashgan. Daryolar va kanal kanoeda eshkak eshish va baydarka uchun imkoniyat yaratadi. Uyushgan suv sportining namunasi sifatida 1955 yilda Wisbech Yacht Club o'zining yangi klubini Uittlizidagi Lattersli Pitda ochdi.^[100]

Madaniyat

Gruzin burchaklari teatri

The Gruzin teatr, Deadman's Lane (hozir Burchlar teatri Alexandra Rd-da) Linkoln sxemasining bir qismi sifatida c1790-da qurilgan.

Aleksandra yo'lidagi Gruziya burchaklari teatri endi jamoat teatr jamoalari va turistik kompaniyalar tomonidan ishlatilmoqda. Teatrni Wisbech Angles Teatr Kengashi ro'yxatdan o'tgan Xayriya tashkiloti boshqaradi.

Muzeylar

Wisbech & Fenland muzeyi, Muzey maydoni 1847 yilda hozirgi saytida ochilgan Wisbech va Fenland muzeyining do'stlari muzeyni sotib olish uchun grantlar bilan qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va muzey davomida tadqiqot dasturlari, konservatsiya, nashriyot va yangi texnologiyalarga yordam beradi.^[101] Wisbech qal'asi sobiq ta'lim direktori oilasi tomonidan Eli orolining Kengashiga sovg'a qilingan va hozirda shahar kengashi tomonidan boshqariladi. U jamoat mulki sifatida ishlatiladi va ta'lim va boshqa tadbirlarni o'tkazadi. Tarkibi mebellar, kitoblar va boshqa qiziqarli narsalarni o'z ichiga oladi. Oktaviya tepaligi Tug'ilgan joy uyi Octavia Hill va uning oilasining turli xil xayriya ishlari bilan bog'liq bo'lgan uy-joylarni qurish maqsadida ochilgan. Wisbech Ishchi erkaklar instituti va Ijtimoiy klubning tashkil topishi 1864 yilga to'g'ri keladi.^[22]

Mehmonxonalar, tavernalar, pivo zavodlari va pivo festivallari

Shaharning litsenziyalangan binolari bouling ko'katlari va skettle xiyobonlaridan tortib tortish, kartochkalar, shaxmat va boshqa stol o'yinlariga hamda boshqa ijtimoiy tadbirlarga qadar dam olish imkoniyatlarini taqdim etishning uzoq tarixiga ega. 1853 yilda "Wisbech Brewery" (Fillips, Tidbits va Fillips) daryo bo'yida shaharchada 20 ta va tashqarida 30 ta pablar va mehmonxonalar mavjud edi.^[102]Shimoliy Brinkda joylashgan Elgood pivo zavodi o'zlarining bog'langan uylarini Angel Hotel, Coyote Bar & Grill (avvalgi galereya Steak House & Grill), Hare and Hounds mehmonxonasi, Red Lion va Three Tuns Inn shahardagi va atrofidagi boshqa joylarni etkazib beradi. maydon.^[103]1950 yilda Artur Oldxem Wisbechning pablari va tavernalarida juda cheklangan miqdordagi tadqiqotlarni olib borgan va ishlab chiqargan. Bu 1979 yilda Cambridgeshire kutubxonalari tomonidan Visbaxdagi mehmonxonalar va tavernalar sifatida qayta nashr etilgan.

Festivallar va tadbirlar

Shaharda har yili festivallar va tadbirlar o'tkaziladi. Wisbech Mart yarmarkasi shaharchada har mart oyida bo'lib o'tadi.

Wisbech atirgul yarmarkasi har yili iyun oxiri va iyul oyi boshlarida o'tkaziladi.^[104] U 1963 yilda gullar bayrami sifatida mahalliy atirgul ishlab chiqaruvchilar Parish cherkovida atirgul kurtaklarini qayta tiklash fondi yordamida sotganlarida paydo bo'lgan. Cherkov qadimiy binoni saqlash uchun mablag 'yig'ish uchun ushbu yillik tadbirni hanuzgacha ishlatib kelmoqda va yillar davomida Atirgullar ko'rgazmasi shahar festivaliga aylanib ulgurdi. Bu shahar va tumanlardagi ko'plab xayriya tashkilotlari va boshqa tashkilotlarni qamrab oladigan tadbirga aylandi, shu jumladan Queens Road-dan boshlangan ikkita suzuvchi parad.^{[105][106][107][108]}

The Arles Festival ikki shaharning birlashishini nishonlaydi.

Wis-beach kuni har yili iyun oyida bozorda o'tkaziladi. Dengiz bo'yi shaharga yakshanba va eshak minish uchun keladi, Punch va Judy ko'rgazmalar, qum, plyajdagi stullar va attraksionlar shahar markazini to'ldiradi.

Yoqilgan Qurolli Kuchlar kuni iyun oyida bozorni harbiy texnika va qismlar hamda faxriylar birlashmalari egallaydi. Yakshanba kuni xizmat parad va marsh bilan o'tgan holda o'tkaziladi.

Wisbech Rok festivali Wisbech Parkida bo'lib o'tadi va uni shahar kengashi boshqaradi.^[109]

Wisbech Park Bandstand do'stlari bir qator musiqiy tadbirlarni o'tkazadilar stend yakshanba kuni tushdan keyin yoz va qish davomida.^[110]

Avgust oyida Milliy bog 'sxemasi Ochiq kunlari doirasida ko'plab mahalliy bog'lar jamoatchilik uchun ochiq.

Sentyabr oyida shaharcha Heritage Weekend-da qatnashadi, ko'plab binolar jamoat uchun ekskursiyalar uchun ochiq.

Wisbech Statute Fair - har yili sentyabr oyida bo'lib o'tadi.

Elgoods pivo festivali har yili sentyabr oyida bo'lib o'tadigan musiqiy tadbirlar turli xil ichimliklar bilan birga o'tkaziladi.

Wisbech qal'asi va Otlar ko'rgazmasi bosqichi Halloween voqealar.

Rojdestvo chiroqlarini yoqish bozorda noyabr oyi oxirida bo'lib o'tadi.

Rojdestvo bozori va Fayre dekabr oyida bo'lib o'tadi.^[111]

Adabiyot

Mahalliy badiiy bo'lmagan mualliflar kiradi Uilyam Godvin, Tomas Klarkson, Uilyam Ellis (missioner), Uilyam Uotson, FJ Gardiner, N Walker va Prof.T Craddock, Artur Artis Oldxem, Endryu S Ingram, Robert Bell, Jorj Anniss, Rojer Pauell, Bridgett Xolms, Kevin Rodjers, Endryu Ketli va Uilyam P Smit va fantast yozuvchilar Jon Muriel, Jon Gordon Rev. Uilbert Avdri OBE va Diane Calton Smit ^[112]

She'riyat

Shahar shoirni deyarli qo'shib qo'ydi Jon Kler u ish bilan suhbatlashish uchun tashrif buyurganida, uning aholisiga.

Fen speak tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan bir qator tadbirlarni o'tkazdi Badiiy kengash, Metall madaniyat va John Clare Cottage.

Yaqinda shaharchada Fenland shoiri laureati mukofotlari bo'lib o'tdi (2012 yil - Eleyn Everton; 2013 yil - Liann Moden; 2014 yil - Ko'knori Kleyzer; 2015 yil - Jonatan Totman; 2016 yil - Meri Livingston; 2017 yil - Keyt Kayimhe).

'Wisbech Words' doimiy ravishda tadbirlarni o'tkazadi Wisbech qal'asi.

Fenland shoiri laureati mukofotlari 2019 yilda kuzda e'lon qilinishi kerak bo'lgan natijalar bilan 2019 yilda Badiiy kengashning mablag'lari bilan qayta tiklandi.^[113]Sharlotta Bek, 13 va CJ Atkinson 2019-2020 yillarda Fenlandiya yosh shoiri va Fenlandiya shoiri laureati deb e'lon qilindi.^[114]

San'at

Wisbech Art Club 1933 yilda tashkil topgan va shaharning Wisbech & Fenland muzeyi va Wisbech qal'asini o'z ichiga olgan ko'rgazmalar o'tkazadi. Endi muntazam uchrashuvlar (2020 yil) Wisbech Town futbol klubida bo'lib o'tmoqda.

Fotosuratlar

Wisbech & District Camera Club 1950 yilda tashkil topgan va Wisbech St.Mary shahrida uchrashadi. Shaharda taniqli fotograflar ham bor edi Uilyam Ellis (missioner), Shomuil (faylasuf) Smit ^[115], Lilian Ream, Valentin Blanchard ^[116]va Geoff Xastings ^[117].

Taniqli binolar va yodgorliklar

• Wisbech-da ro'yxatga olingan 250 dan ortiq bino va yodgorliklar mavjud^[118]
• Wisbech qal'asi va Visbech shahar kengashi tomonidan Kambridjeshir okrugidan ijaraga olingan maydonlar.
• Sobiq Nyu-Inn, Union St, 1500 yilga to'g'ri keladi.^[119][120]
• Bozorda joylashgan Rose and Crown mehmonxonasi 17-asr boshidagi murabbiylar uchun mo'ljallangan mehmonxona. Binoning tashqi qismida 1601 yil va karnay va qirg'ovul sana ko'rinadi. U II * daraja ro'yxatiga kiritilgan Tarixiy Angliya.
• Pekover uyi (1722); ga tegishli Milliy ishonch; uning maydonida oq xochning qoldiqlari mavjud.^[121]
• Ely House, 18-asrning boshlarida qishloq xo'jaligi uyi. II darajadagi bino.^[122]
• Burchlar teatri, 1791 yilda qurilgan odatdagi gruzin o'yin uyi. II daraja ro'yxatiga kiritilgan.
• Wisbech Umumiy qabristonida eski cherkov mavjud (yaqinda qayta tiklangan Wisbech Jamiyati va rasmiy ravishda 2019 yil aprelda ochilgan) va 11 Hamdo'stlik urushlari qabri.^[123] Bu hozirgi kunda noonformist qabriston bo'lib, u endi ishlatilmayapti va bu cho'ntak parki.^[124]

Visbechdagi Tomas Klarkson yodgorligi 2013

• Tomas Klarkson yodgorligi, Bridge St (1881)
• Ilgari Lynn Road-da joylashgan "Leach's Mill" nomi bilan tanilgan "Mill Tower" o'zining bo'yi va yoshiga qarab ajoyib. Hovli va sakkiz qavatli balandlikda qurilgan, sakkizta suzib yurgan. Bu kamida 1778 yilga to'g'ri keladi, garchi SH va 1643 bosh harflari tegirmon ichidagi nurda bo'lgan deb tanilgan bo'lsa ham. Oxirgi tegirmonchi uni 30-yillarda ishlatgan. Qo'shni un va proverderli valikli tegirmon 1970-yillarda yong'inga uchragan. Yelkanlarni olib tashlagan tegirmon endi turar joy sifatida ishlatiladi. Boshqa o'nlab tegirmonlarning hech biri omon qolmaydi.^[125]
• Richard Yang MP Memorial (1871) Wisbech Parkda o'tirgan (1870).^[126]
• 1897 yilda Eski Bozorda janob va xonim G. D. Kollinz xotirasiga bag'ishlangan ichimlik favvorasi. Lynn Road-ga ko'chib o'tdi.^[22]
• O'g'il bolalar uchun Grammatika maktabi, Janubiy Brink 1898 yil yanvar oyida Hill ko'chasidagi qadimiy shahar zalida o'g'il bolalar uchun eski grammatika maktabining o'rniga ochildi.
• Parish cherkovi Sankt-Peter va Pol. (1858 yilda tiklangan va 1866 yilda soat qo'shilgan). Cambridgeshire cherkovlari veb-saytida cherkovning ba'zi rasmlari va tavsifi mavjud.^[127]
• Bizning xonim va avliyo Charlz Borromeo cherkovi (1854)
• Sent-Maryamning cherkov cherkovi,^[128] shuningdek, Cambridgeshire cherkovlari veb-saytida.^[129]
• Oktaviya tepaligi tug'ilgan joy uyi; keyinchalik oila Londonga ko'chib o'tdi.^[130]
• Wisbech & Fenland muzeyi (1847); mahalliy yozuvlar va boshqa narsalarning keng to'plamlari. Taniqli artefaktlarga quyidagilar kiradi: Napoleon "s Sevr da qo'lga olingan deb aytilgan nonushta xizmati Vaterloo jangi; Tomas Klarkson 18-asrning misollarini o'z ichiga olgan ko'krak qafasi Afrika to'qimachilik mahsulotlari, u Afrika bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri savdo uchun o'z ishini tasvirlash uchun ishlatgan urug'lar va charm buyumlar; va asl qo'lyozmasi Charlz Dikkens ' Ajoyib kutishlar.
• Elgood's pivo zavodi;
  

  Visbechdagi Shimoliy Brinkdagi Elgoods pivo zavodi
  Pivo zavodi 1795 yilda tashkil topgan va ko'p o'tmay Elgood oilasi tomonidan sotib olingan.

Visbechning eski bozoridagi sakkizta ibodatxonasi, 1952 yilda buzib tashlangan

Taniqli odamlar

O'tgan

Tug'ilish tartibi.

• Wisbech Jon (1349 yilda vafot etgan) ning o'rnatilishi uchun mas'ul bo'lgan Lady Chapel da Ely sobori XIV asrning birinchi yarmida.^[131]
• Richard Xuloet, leksikograf va muallif.
• Jon de Visbech, Kroyland Abboti. U birinchi bo'lib Freistondan oldin bo'lgan. U 1476 yil 19-noyabrda vafot etdi.^[132]
• Jon Alkok (episkop), (c1430-1500) ga tayinlangan Elini ko'ring 1486 yil 6 oktyabrda u Visbechdagi episkoplar saroyida vafot etdi va dafn qilindi Ely sobori.
• Jon Fekkenem, (c1515-1584) Vestminster Abboti, 1580 yildan oktyabr oyida vafotigacha 1580 yildan yepiskop saroyida qamoqda. U o'z mablag'lari evaziga yo'lni ta'mirlab, shaharchada bozor xochini o'rnatdi.
• Tomas Parke (c1543-1630), shahar sud ijrochisi va Kembrij va Xantington okrugining yuqori sherifi. Uylangan 1. Jan Kulson, 2 yoki 3. Odri Kross. 1-yanvar kuni vafot etgan va yodgorlik Visbechdagi Aziz Pyotr cherkovi ichida joylashgan.
• Wisbechdan rassom Robert Pygot va Welney, Upwell & Outwellning konstabli Uilyam Volsi rassomi bid'at uchun Ely sessiyalarida sud qilinib, keyinchalik 1555 yil 16-oktyabrda yoqib yuborilgan.
• John Thurloe, Deputat (1616–1668), bosh advokat, lord bosh adliya, davlat kotibi va huquqshunos. Kromvelning ayg'oqchisi. U Visbekdagi episkopning saroyini qasr bilan almashtirdi (keyinchalik Jozef Medvort tomonidan buzib tashlangan).
• Matias Teylor JP, zig'ir pardasi, Capital Burgess va 1631 yilda Qal'aning Konstableini tayinlagan.
• Jeyn Styuart (Quaker) (c1654-1742), qizi Jeyms II Shimoliy qirg'oqdagi Do'stlar Jamiyatiga qo'shildi va Eski Bozorda yashadi, u 12 iyulda Visbechda 88 yoshida vafot etdi va Do'stlar qabristoniga dafn qilindi.^[133]
• Ser Filipp Vavasur, Kembrijeshir shahrining oliy sherifi. 1761 yilda ritsar bo'lgan. Visbechdagi Janubiy Brinkda yashagan.
• Richard Midlton Massi MD, FRS, FSA (1678–1743), Doktor va antiqariy. Cheshire shtatida tug'ilgan, Oksfordda o'qiganidan so'ng u posbonning o'rinbosari bo'lgan Ashmolean muzeyi keyinchalik u Visbechda tibbiyot bilan shug'ullanish uchun litsenziyani oldi. U shahar kutubxonasining qo'riqchisi etib tayinlangan va Spalding janoblari jamiyatining asoschisi bo'lgan. U Rosterendagi oilaviy mulklariga nafaqaga chiqqan va 1743 yil 29 martda 1743 yilda vafot etgan.^[134]
• Tomas Herring, MA (1693–1757), Canterbury arxiepiskopi (1747 yildan), o'qigan Wisbech grammatika maktabi.
• Jeyn Sautuell, (aka Ledi Jeyn Trafford) (1732-1809), Visbech qasrining merosxo'ri, ser Klement Traffordga (aka Klement Boem) uylangan, ularning uchta farzandi bor Klement (1761-1768) Sigismund va Jeyn. 1764 yilgacha ajratilgan. U ukasi Edvarddan meros olish uchun 1791 yilda parlament akti bilan ismini yana Sautvellga o'zgartirdi. Dafn etilgan Orsett, Esseks Richard Beykerga uylangan qizi Jeynning uyi. U o'z xohish-irodasida Visbechka dafn qilinish istagini bildirdi.
• Jozef Medvort, (Wisbechda tug'ilgan, 1752–1827) quruvchi bo'lib, u qal'alar mulkini sirkga aylantirgan, shu jumladan Viskdagi "Yarim oy" va "Thurloe's Mansion" ni hozirgi Qal'adagi Regency villasida qayta qurgan. U 1827 yil 17 oktyabrda vafot etdi.
• Richard Kelxem Uitelamb, 1765 yilda Visbechda suvga cho'mgan, bo'yi 2 '10 "bo'lgan. Uning portreti Samuel Irlandiya (1744-1800) yilda Qirollik to'plami. He was an exhibit at fairs and a handbill dated 23 August 1787 states "he is now in the 22nd year, 34 inches high and weighs 42lbs."
• Uilyam Godvin the elder, (born in Wisbech, 3 March 1756 – 7 April 1836) was an English political writer and novelist, considered an important precursor of foydali and of liberal anarxist fikrlash. He first married Meri Vollstonekroft. A daughter of theirs, Mary Wollstonecroft Godwin, became Meri Shelli, famed author of Frankenshteyn.^[135]
• Tomas Klarkson MA, anti-slavery campaigner, was born in Wisbech in 1760 and educated at Wisbech grammatika maktabi. The Clarkson Memorial was built to commemorate his life's efforts to end slavery in the British Empire on 25 March 1833. Two local schools and a road are named after him.
• Leytenant Jon Klarkson RN (1764–1828), younger brother of Thomas, was another key figure in the British bekor qiluvchi harakat. Hokimi sifatida Serra-Leone he organised voluntary migration of former slaves freed by the British under a deal to reward their loyalty during the Amerika mustaqilligi urushi.
• Janob Charlz Uol KCB (1765–1845) attended Wisbech grammatika maktabi.
• William Skrimshire, (born in Wisbech, 1766–1829) was a surgeon and botanist. A walkway 'Skrimshires Passage' off Hill Street is named after him.
• Fanny Robertson aka Frances Mary Robertson (1768–1855), actor and theatre manager and lessee of Wisbech theatre (now the Burchlar teatri ). Born Frances Mary Ross. Uylangan Thomas Shaftoe Robertson (1765–1831). Retired to live in Norfolk street and died on 18 December 1855.
• Polkovnik Uilyam Uotson, DL FAS (1770–1834) died on 31 March 1834. Lawyer, brewer, banker, soldier, magistrate, town bailiff, chief bailiff of the Isle of Ely and author of A history of Wisbech. He is buried in Wisbech.
• Rev.Uilyam Ellis (missioner) (29 August 1794 – 9 June 1872) and pioneer photographer, was brought up and went to elementary school in Wisbech. He later went to Homerton college (then in London) and became a missionary, this coupled with his writing and photographic skills led him to become the author of Madagaskar tarixi (1838), Polynesian Researches va Tarixi London missionerlik jamiyati va boshqa nashrlar.
• Samuel Smith (photographer) aka 'Philosopher Smith' (1802–1892), merchant and pioneer photographer. A director of Wisbech Gas Light and Coke company and a member of the Palaeontographical Society of London. His photos taken in the 1850s and 1860s record the development of the town. Collections can be seen in the Ilmiy muzey, London va Wisbech & Fenland muzeyi.^[136]
• William Peckover F.S.A.,(1790–1877) philanthropist son of Jonathan Peckover. Prezidenti Wisbech & Fenland muzeyi. Died 12 May.^[22]
• Elizabeth Dawbarn (died 1839) was a religious pamphleteer who addressed children and adults.
• Charles Boucher (died 1866), Brewer lived at 'The Castle' and owned the Union Brewery and 44 public houses.
• Rev. Chauncy Hare Townshend M.A.(1798–1868), philanthropist and owner of property in Wisbech. U do'sti edi Charlz Dikkens and the writer's manuscript of Ajoyib kutishlar given him by Dickens was left to Wisbech and Fenland museum.^[22]
• Algernon Peckover (1803–1893), Quaker a son born in Wisbech on 25 November to Jonathan and Susanah Peckover. A collection of his drawings and watercolours from 1859 to 1865 are at Peckover House & Garden. He married Priscilla Alexander. A son Alexander was created 1st Baron Peckover of Wisbech. Died on 10 December.
• Alderman John Minnet Mason (1807–1886), bonesetter and local politician. The son of a GP also a bonesetter, the skills were passed on to his sons Frederick and George.^[137]
• Alderman Richard Young (MP) JP DL (1809–1871) for Cambridgeshire was a ship owner, five times Mayor of Wisbech (1858–62), JP for the Isle of Ely and Norfolk and a sherif ning London shahri & Middlesex in 1871.^[133] He was born on 22 March in Scarning, Norfolk, the son of John and Mary Younge. He owned more than 40 ships at different times. He died on 15 October, only two days after being made Sheriff.^[138]
• Jeyms Xill (bankir) (c1800-1871) a Unitarian, social reformer, newspaper editor, merchant, ship owner, owner of the Angles Theatre and banker. His children included Oktaviya tepaligi va Miranda tepaligi.
• Professor Thomas Craddock (1812–1893), photographer, writer and academic. Coauthor of a History of Wisbech, later professor of Literature, Queen's College, Liverpool. Died 9 April 1893 in Liverpool.^[139]
• Caroline Southwood Hill (née Smith)(1809–1902), writer and educationalist. Eldest daughter of Dr Thomas Southwood Smith. Became third wife of James Hill (banker)on 21 July 1835. Mother of Oktaviya tepaligi. Died aged 94 on 31 December 1902.^[140]
• Lt Robert Pate, Jr (25 December 1819 – February 1895) son of corn merchant Robert Francis Pate, was a Britaniya armiyasi ofitser, remembered for his assault on Qirolicha Viktoriya on 27 June 1850. He was transported to Australia for seven years, where he married and later returned to England.
• Edvard Jonson (1822–1907), photographer. His photographs of local churches were published in three volumes by Leach & Son.^[141]
• Genri Gerbert aka Master Herbert (born in Wisbech 22 December 1829), child actor known as 'The Infant Roscius'. Son of John Herbert.
• Fanny Maria Robertson (1831-1909) actress, elder sister of Dame Madj Kendal.
• Alexander Peckover 1st Baron Peckover LL.D., FRGS., FSA., FRGS., FLS. (1830–1919) British Quaker bankir va xayriyachi. Born in Wisbech 16 August 1830. Died 21 October 1919.
• Janob Thomas George Fardell BA, MP (1833–1917), English politician and lawyer, born on 26 October 1833 he was the youngest son of Rev Henry Fardell, vicar of Wisbech. He dies 12 March 1917
• Priskilla Xanna Pekover (1833–1931), Quaker, pacifist and linguist; she founded the Wisbech Local Peace Association, which grew to have 6,000 members.
• Johnathan Peckover (1838–1882), Quaker and philanthropist. Born 16 June and died 8 February. Son of Algernon and Priscilla Peckover. He founded the Wisbech Working Men's Institute in 1864.^[142]
• Algerina Peckover (1841–1927), Quaker, philanthropist and plant collector who donated a collection of Madagascan ferns to Wisbech Herbarium in 1904.^[143]
• Uilyam Digbi CIE, (born in Wisbech, 1 May 1849 – 29 September 1904) was an English writer, journalist and liberal politician, and first secretary of the Milliy liberal klub.
• Rev. Uilyam Hazlitt,(1737–1820) who was minister at the Presbyterian meeting house here in 1764–66, became an influential Unitar vazir. He was father of the essayist Uilyam Hazlitt va portret rassomi John Hazlitt. While resident at Wisbech he married Grace Loftus.
• Miranda tepaligi (1836–1910), born in Wisbech, founded the Kyrle Society, ning ajdodi Milliy ishonch.
• Oktaviya tepaligi (1838–1912), born at Wisbech, was treasurer of the Kyrle Society, ning ajdodi Milliy ishonch, of which Octavia became co-founder.
• W. H. Jude (1851–1922) composer and organist attended Wisbech grammatika maktabi .
• Lilian Ream (1877–1961) photographer. Lilian was born in West Walton, Norfolk. Aged 17 she became photographic assistant to William Drysdale and went on to dominate the local photographic business. After her retirement her son Roland took the studio and it continued until it eventually closed in 1971. Over 10,000 negatives have survived to form the 'Lilian Ream collection'. This may be the most comprehensive record of its kind in England. 2013 yil aprel oyida Wisbech Society erected a blue plaque at 4 The Crescent in her honour.^[144][145]
• Filipp Vassar Hunter CBE (1883–1956) engineer was born in Wisbech.
• Janob Frank Arthur Stockdale, GCMG, CBE, FLS (24 June 1883 – 3 August 1949) a pupil at Wisbech grammatika maktabi became an agriculturist and colonial agricultural administrator.
• Arthur Artis Oldham (1886–1980), historian and writer was born in Wisbech. Sarlavhalar kiritilgan A History of Wisbech River (1933), Wisbech Bridges, Inns and Taverns of Wisbech (1950), Wisbech Windmills, Windmills around Wisbech, The Inns & Taverns of Wisbech (1979) va Windmills in and around Wisbech (1994). He married Ellen (Nellie) Fewster and had two children. He retired to Norwich where he died in 1980.^[146]
• John Muriel (1909–1975), born in Hadleigh, Suffolk, aka as John St Clair Muriel, John Lindsey or Simon Dewes, was an author who taught at Wisbech grammatika maktabi. His father was John Muriel (1859–1946) a^[147] Novels, autobiographies and short stories include: Molten Ember (1930), Voice of One, Still Eastward Bound (1940), Suffolk Childhood (1959), Essex Days (1960) va When All the World was Young (1961). One of his pupils was John Gordon, who also went on to become an author.
• Rev. W. Avdry OBE (15 June 1911 – 21 March 1997), creator of Tank dvigateli Tomas, was Vicar of Emnet in 1953–65.Tobi tramvay dvigateli, one of Awdry's characters, was similar to the small steam trams that ran farm produce on the Strawberry Line o'rtasida Yaxshi and Wisbech.
• Jesse Pye (1919–1984), professional footballer, scored two goals in the 1949 yil Angliya kubogi finali, and played for England, before becoming a player-manager for Visbek Taun in 1960–66.
• Jon Gordon (1925–2017), attended Wisbech grammatika maktabi and after leaving the Royal Navy became a journalist and later a young-adult fiction writer and author of The Giant under The Snow, uning davomi Shamolni minib oling, The Ghost on the Hill and other stories. The town and the surrounding panjara inspired many of his novels, including Chetdagi uy (Peckover House ) va Fen Runners.
• Russell Arthur Missin FRCO (1922–2002), was born at Gorefield, near Wisbech) was organist and master of choristers at Nyukasl sobori.
• Jon Barri (snooker o'yinchisi), (1924–1996) snooker and champion billiards player. Born William Barrie Smith on 30 June, Wisbech and died 20 April aged 71.^[148]
• Geoff Hastings (1935–2005), photographer and artist.^[149][150]
• Jeyms Krouden CVO (1927–2016). Chartered surveyor, Olympian, Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely. Wisbech J.P. Born 14 November in Tilney All Saints, died 24 September.
• Brayan Xitch (1932–2004), diplomat, academic and musician was born in Wisbech.
• Anton Rojers (1933–2007), actor, was born in London on 10 January 1933 and moved to Wisbech during the war. He was president of the Georgian Burchlar teatri.
• Professor Ser Garri Kroto FRS (1939–2016), born in Wisbech 7 October 1939 son of Heinz Fritz Kroton and Edith Kathe Dora Kroto was the 1996 Nobel mukofoti sovrindori in chemistry, for the discovery of fullerenlar.
• Mick Walker (1942–2012), born 30 November 1942, Wretton, Norfolk. Following 10 years in the RAF he became a dealer, importer and race sponsor. After running his motorcycle business he became assistant editor of Motorcycle Enthusiast magazine and an author of over 100 books. He died on 8 March 2012 and was survived by his wife Susan and son Steven.

Hozir

Names in birth order:

• Ray DaSilva, born 1933 in Wisbech, puppeteer, founded the DaSilva Puppet Company. After touring overseas the company moved from its base in Cambridgeshire to Norfolk, opening Norvich qo'g'irchoq teatri in 1980. As well as being a puppeteer (both making and performing), he was a director, producer and dealer in Puppet books. He was a founder member of the Puppet Centre Trust, chair of British UNIMA and a co-founder of Puppeteers East.^[151]
• Malkolm Duglas Moss MA, (born 1943, Lancashire) politician, was a Wisbech Town councillor and later conservative MP for North East Cambridgeshire from 1987 until retirement at the 2010 general election. Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Northern Ireland Office) 25 October 1994 - 2 May 1997. Made an Honorary Freeman of Wisbech.
• Viktoriya Gillik (born 1946 Hendon), activist and campaigner.
• Mayk Stivens (born 1957) is a musical director, session musician and record producer.
• Djo Perri (born 13 August 1974 in Wisbech);– is a professional snooker player.
• Jodi Kuni OBE, (born 14 October 1978 in Wisbech) is a Paralympian.

• Ellen Falkner MBE (née Alexander; born 12 June 1979 in Wisbech) is an English international maysazor va yopiq idish^[152]
• Jorj Rassel (poyga haydovchisi), (born February 1998)

Film va televidenie

The North Brink by the River Nene in Wisbech

The Brinks, depicted in 1851

A 1924 film recorded a day at the North Cambridgeshire Hospital in the East Anglian Film Archive (EAFA).^[153]

1926 street scenes filmed to be shown at the local Electric Theatre. EAFA.^[154]

North Cambridgeshire Hospital in the 1930s. EAFA.^[155]

'Approaching Wisbech' an amateur film of a simulated road traffic accident made in the late 1930s. EAFA.^[156]

1932 The 'Capital of the Fens' is brought to a standstill as crowds fill the streets to catch a glimpse of Prince George as he receives the Loyal Address from the Mayor.^[157]

1957 The BBC filmed Mrs Chester's Little Theatre Group performing in the grounds of Grammar school house, South Brink.^[158] It was broadcast as part of ‘'Maypole and Melody'’ on 26 April 1958.

1961 'The Wisbech to Upwell Tramway'. EAFA.^[159]

In 1963 Anglia TV recorded a film report on Wisbech Castle. This is also available to download on the East Anglian Film Archive.^[160]

'The Flood' a 1963 drama filmed using boats from Wisbech.^[161]

1975 Anglia TV report about the first purpose-built traveller site in GB. EAFA.^[162]

'A Passage to Wisbech'(1986) a BBC documentary on the coaster ships which work around the shores of Britain, followed the voyages of the Carrick, a 30-year-old ship owned and skippered by Rick Waters.^[163]

Wisbech is noted for its unspoilt Gruziya me'morchiligi, particularly along North Brink and The Crescent. Bu ishlatilgan BBC One "s 1999 adaptation ning Charlz Dikkens ' 'Devid Kopperfild '^[164] va ITV1 's 2001 adaptation of 'Micawber ', starring Devid Jeyson.^[165]

In 2000 BBC One's 'The Antiqiy buyumlar Roadshow ’ was hosted and recorded at the Hudson Leisure centre.^[166]

A 'Wisbech Rock Festival' appears in the 1998 British comedy film Hali ham aqldan ozgan yulduzcha Stiven Rea, Jimmi Nail, Billi Konnoli va Timoti Spal, Bill Nigi, Juliet Obri, Helena Bergstrom va Bryus Robinson.^[167]

The 2008 feature film Din Spanli yulduzcha Piter O'Tul was largely filmed in Wisbech.^[168]

In February 2010 the effect of immigration on the town was featured in the BBC documentary 'The Day the Immigrants Left', presented by Evan Devis. The programme looked at jobs in the town reported to have been "taken over by migrants". In the programme, several local unemployed persons were given the chance to try such jobs.^{[169][170][171]}

2009 Channel 5's reality TV series ‘Mehmonxona inspektori ”Rolida Aleks Polizzi featured The Rose and Crown hotel.^[172]

2018 'Celebrating Nestle Communities – Wisbech' was released in September 2018. This is one of a series of films showcasing communities around the UK and Ireland where Nestle operate.^[173]

In December 2018 the American TV Channel ‘Kechiktirilgan shou ’ with British star James Cordon featured a giant inflatable Santa blocking Cromwell Road. This Father Christmas had broken free from its fixings in a garden and it took several hours to catch.^[174]

Wisbech'2019 Made in Minecraft: A different point of view' was released. It shows parts of the town in a Minecraft format.^[175]

Boshqa ommaviy axborot vositalari

Yilda More English Fairy Tales collected and edited by Jozef Jeykobs ning ertagi Tom Xikatrif and his battle with the Wisbeach (Wisbech) Giant is retold.^[176] In other versions the protagonist is described as The Wisbech/Wisbeach Ogre^[177]

Isaak Casaubon recorded in his diary his visit to Wisbech on 17 August 1611. He accompanied Lanselot Endryus, bishop of Ely, from the episcopal palace at Downham.^[178]

Samuel Pepys recorded in his diary his trip to Parson Drove on Thursday 17 September 1663 in order to accompany his uncle and cousin to go to Wisbeach in connection with another uncle Day's estate. At Wisbeach on Friday 18 September he visited the church and library.^[178]

Daniel Defo (c1660-1731) toured the Eastern Counties of England in 1723 and commented about Wisbech as a seaport. He had visited the Isle of Ely in 1722 and observed:"That there are some wonderful engines for throwing up water, and such as are not to be seen any where else, whereof one in particular threw up, (as they assur'd us) twelve hundred ton of water in half an hour, and goes by wind-sails, 12 wings or sails to a mill".

"Here are the greatest improvements by planting of hemp, that, I think, is to be seen in England; particularly on the Norfolk and Cambridge side of the Fens, as about Wisbech, Well, and several other places, where we saw many hundred acres of ground bearing great crops of hemp ".^[179]

Uilyam Koul (qadimiy),(1714–1782) the Cambridge antiquary, who passed through in 1772, mentions that 'the buildings were in general handsome, the inn we stopped at [the Rose and Crown] uncommonly so . . . '. 'But the Bridge,' he added 'stretching Rialto-like over this straight and considerable stream, with a good row of houses extending from it, and fronting the water, to a considerable distance, beats all, and exhibits something of a Venetian appearance'.

Jon Xovard (qamoqxona islohotchisi) came to Wisbech to visit the 'Wisbeach Bridewell' on 3 February 1776 and found two prisoners locked up in it. He described it as having two or three rooms. No courtyard. No water. Allowance a penny a day; and straw twenty shillings a year. Keeper's salary £16: no Fees – This prison might be improved on the Keeper's Garden.^[180]

In 1778/1779 Italian author and poet Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti (also known as Joseph Baretti; 1718–1789) took up residence with a family living at the castle for about a fortnight. Afterwards he published a series of letters Lettere Familiari de Giuseppe Baretti including a description of his Wisbech visit. He attended horse races, the theatre, public balls, public suppers and assemblies.^[181]

Uilyam Kobbet (1763–1835), who 'speechified' to about 220 people in the Playhouse Burchlar teatri in April 1830, called it 'a good solid town, though not handsome' and re marked the export of corn

Uilyam Makready arrived in Wisbech on 13 June 1836 and performed in Hamlet and Macbeth in what is now the Angles Theatre. He recorded his visit which was later published in 1875 in 'Diaries and Letters'.^[22]

Charlz Kingsli 1850 yilgi roman Alton Lokk has a character Bob Porter referring to the gibbeting of two Irish reapers at Wisbech River after trial for murder. Wisbech and Fenland Museum has a headpiece that was used with the gibbet in a similar case in the 18th century.^[182]

Wisbeach and its river Nene (or Nen), wooden piling and riverport, two stations are mentioned by Hilaire Belloc (1870–1953) who dined at the Whyte Harte hotel, North Brink.^[183]

Wisbech was one of eight towns featured in Old Towns Revisited published by Country Life Ltd in 1952.^[184]

Brian Vesey-Fitzgerald describes his experience of visiting Wisbech in May 1964.^[185]

Sayohat yozuvchisi Nikolas Vollaston 's (1927–2007) visit to the town produced a chapter in his 1965 book.^[186]

Wisbech features in Jon Gordon 's 1992 autobiography.^[187]

There are two free newspapers distributed within the town and online, the Wisbech Standard (tegishli) Arxant )^[188] and the' Fenland Citizen (owned by Iliffe Media).^[189]

Several free local magazines are published online and distributed: The fens (monthly),^[190] Discovering Wisbech (monthly),^[191] The Wisbech Post (chorakda),^[192] va Fenland Resident (har chorakda).^[193]

According to a study looking into immigratsiya patterns, Wisbech was once identified as the seventh "most English" town in Britain by Sky News. However, on 16 February 2008 a report in the Daily Express titled "Death of a Country Idyll" wrote about how the influx of Sharqiy Evropa immigrants may have caused an increase in crime. Then on 20 February 2008 Fenlandiya fuqarosi contained an article opposing the Daily Express maqola.^[194]

On 14 May 2011 Wisbech featured in Guardian "Let's Move to..." column: Tom Dyckhoff highlighted the Georgian streets, cinemas, local community groups and poor rail links.

2018 yil iyun oyida Mamlakat hayoti magazine ran a feature on Wisbech.^[195]

In November 2018 Wisbech featured in an article in the Daily Telegraph by Jack Rear entitled "The spirited English town with some of Britain's best forgotten history".^[196]

Wisbech Merchants' Trail was updated and released as a map and booklet and as a free mobile app in August 2019. There are 17 brass plaques at historical sites around the town.^[197]

The town council produces an annual Official Town Guide and Map published by Local Authority Publishing Co Ltd. There is also an online version.^[198]

Iqlim

Like the rest of the United Kingdom, Wisbech experiences an oceanic climate, but Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in the British Isles along with Essex. February is the driest month, whilst October is the wettest. In temperature terms, both January and December are the coldest months, whilst August is the warmest.

Egizak shaharcha

• Arles, France (1964)

Shuningdek qarang

• Cambridgeshire-dagi joylar ro'yxati
• Elm, Cambridgeshire

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• Neil R. Wright (2016). Treading The Boards - Actors and Theatres in Georgian Lincolnshire. SLHA. ISBN  978-0-903582-55-1.
• Diane Calton Smith (2018). Webbed feet and wildfowlers - an early history of Wisbech and the Fens. Yangi avlod nashriyoti. ISBN  978-1787193215.
• Diane Calton Smith (2019). Plague, Flood and Gewgaws - Wisbech and the Fens in Tudor and Stuart Times. Yangi avlod nashriyoti. ISBN  978-1-78955-496-0.
• noma'lum (2019). Wisbech: Official Town Guide and Map. Local Authority Publishing Co.
• Kevin Rogers (2019). Wisbech General Cemetery 1836–2019. Wisbech Jamiyati. ISBN  978-0-9519220-9-5.
• noma'lum (2019). Wisbech Merchants Trail. Wisbech High Street.
• Jane Holloway (2019). Wisbech's Forgotten Hero. Muallif uyi. ISBN  978-1-7283-8789-5.
• Geoff Hastings & Andy Ketley (2019). Images of Wisbech no.1. Friends of Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
• Geoff Hastings & Andy Ketley (2019). Images of Wisbech no.2. Friends of Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
• Geoff Hastings & Andy Ketley (2020). Images of Wisbech no.3. Friends of Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
• Geoff Hastings & Andy Ketley (2020). Images of Wisbech no.4. Friends of Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
• Monger, Garry (2020). "The last voyage of the Violet". The Fens. November: 18.

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