East Hampton (shaharcha), Nyu-York - East Hampton (town), New York

East Hampton, Nyu-York
Shahar
Sharqiy Xempton shahri
Kanca tegirmoni
East Hamptonning Nyu-Yorkdagi Suffolk okrugidagi joylashuvi
Koordinatalari: 40 ° 57′25 ″ N. 72 ° 11′56 ″ V / 40.95694 ° N 72.19889 ° Vt / 40.95694; -72.19889Koordinatalar: 40 ° 57′25 ″ N. 72 ° 11′56 ″ V / 40.95694 ° N 72.19889 ° Vt / 40.95694; -72.19889
Mamlakat	Qo'shma Shtatlar
Shtat	Nyu York
Tuman	Suffolk
Hukumat
• turi	Shahar
• Nazoratchi	Piter Van Skoyok (D. )[1]
Maydon [2]
• Jami	386,55 kv. Mil (1001,15 km)2)
• er	74,33 kvadrat mil (192,50 km)2)
• Suv	312,22 kv. Mil (808,65 km)2)
Balandlik	33 fut (10 m)
Aholisi  (2010 )
• Jami	21,457
• smeta (2016)[3]	22,009
• zichlik	296.12 / kvadrat milya (114.33 / km)2)
Vaqt zonasi	UTC − 05: 00 (Sharqiy (EST) )
• Yoz (DST )	UTC − 04: 00 (EDT)
Pochta indeksi	11937
Hudud kodlari	631
FIPS kodi	36-22194
GNIS xususiyat identifikatori	978919
Veb-sayt	ehamptonny.gov

The Shahar East Hampton janubi-sharqda joylashgan Suffolk okrugi, Nyu York, sharqiy uchida Janubiy sohil ning Long Island. Bu Nyu-York shtatidagi eng sharqiy shahar. Vaqtida Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari 2010 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish, jami 21457 kishini tashkil qildi.

Shahar o'z ichiga oladi qishloq ning Sharqiy Xempton, shuningdek qishloqlar ning Montauk, Amagansett, Wainscott va Buloqlar. Shuningdek, tarkibiga qishloqning bir qismi kiradi Sag Harbor.

East Hampton a-da joylashgan yarim orol, janub bilan chegaradosh Atlantika okeani, sharq tomonda Blok orolining ovozi va shimolga qarab Gardiners ko'rfazi, Napeaga ko'rfazi va Fort Pond Bay. G'arbda G'arbiy Long-Aylend, East River va Nyu-York shaharlarigacha joylashgan. Shaharda sakkizta davlat parki mavjud, ularning aksariyati suv bo'yida joylashgan.

Shahar 70 kvadrat mildan (180 km) iborat²) dan va taxminan 25 mil (40 km) ga cho'zilgan Wainscott g'arbda to Montauk-punkt sharqda. Uning eng keng qismida taxminan olti mil (10 km), eng tor qismida esa bir chaqirimdan kamroq. Shahar yurisdiktsiyasiga ega Gardiners oroli, bu Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng yirik xususiy orollardan biri. Shahar 70 mil (110 km) qirg'oqqa ega.^[4]

Iqlim

Sharqiy Xemptonda a nam subtropik (Cfa)^[5] qirg'oqning aksariyat qismida hukmronlik qiladi O'rta Atlantika. Sharqiy Xemptonda momaqaldiroq rivojlanishini bostiruvchi va yozgi o'rtacha haroratni kamaytiradigan okeanning mo''tadil ta'siri tufayli salqin, nam qish va issiq yoz bor. Shunday qilib, yozda iliq, quyoshli va barqaror ob-havo bor, qish esa ko'pincha qirg'oq bo'ronlari tufayli mintaqaga yomg'ir yog'diradigan (ammo ozgina qor) har yili o'rtacha 10 dyuymli qor yog'diradi.

Tarix

Mahalliy Amerika tarixi

Long-Aylendning tub amerikalik aholi punktlari va ularning qo'shnilari

Ushbu hududda ming yillar davomida turli madaniyatlar yashab kelgan mahalliy xalqlar. Evropa bilan aloqada bo'lgan paytda, Sharqiy Xempton uyi bo'lgan Pequot odamlar, madaniyatning bir qismi, shuningdek, hozirgi Nyu-Angliya janubidagi Konnektikutda joylashgan Long-Aylend Soundning shimoliy qismida joylashgan. Ular kattalarga tegishli Algonquian - til oilasi. Long-Aylenddagi guruhlar geografik joylashuvi bo'yicha aniqlandi. Mustamlakachilarga ma'lum bo'lgan tarixiy odamlar Montaukett Pequot bo'lganlar, Long-Aylendning sharqiy qismida joylashgan hududlarning katta qismini boshqargan.^[7]

Long-Aylendning g'arbiy qismida yashovchi mahalliy amerikaliklar Lenape millati, uning tili ham Algonquianlar oilasida. Ularning hududi Nyu-York, g'arbiy Konnektikut va Atlantika okeanining o'rta qirg'og'ini Nyu-Jersi va Pensilvaniya shtatlarigacha tushirdi. Ularning guruhlari geografik joylashuvi nomlari bilan ham tanilgan, ammo alohida xalqlarni tashkil qilmagan.^[7]

17-asr oxirlarida Bosh Wyandanch Montaukett Sharqiy Xempton hududidagi erlarni sotish bo'yicha ingliz kolonistlari bilan muzokaralar olib bordi. Montaukett va inglizlarning er va undan foydalanish to'g'risidagi turli xil tushunchalari keyingi asrlarda Montaukett o'z erlarining ko'p qismini yo'qotishiga yordam berdi. Wyandanch an orol ingliz mustamlakachisiga Arslon Gardiner "katta qora it, bir oz kukun va otilgan va bir nechta gollandiyalik adyol" uchun.^[8] Keyingi savdoda hozirgi Sautgemptondan tortib to Blufflarning etagigacha bo'lgan erlar mavjud edi, hozirgi vaqtda Hills shtat bog'i, 24 uchun lyuklar, 24 palto, 20 ko'zoynaklar va 100 muxes.^[8]

1660 yilda Bosh Uyandanchning bevasi erni qolgan qismini hozirgi Xither Hillsdan Montauk Poytnt uchigacha 100 funt evaziga imzoladi va 10 baravar teng ravishda to'lash uchun "Hind makkajo'xori yoki yaxshi wampum oltidan bir tiyinga ".^[9] Sotuvlar, Montaukettga quruqlikda qolish, xohlaganicha ov qilish va baliq ovlash, shuningdek, dumlari va suyaklarini yig'ish uchun ruxsat berilishi shart edi. kitlar Sharqiy Xempton sohillarida. Erni sotib olgan shahar ma'murlari koloniyadan pulni qoplash uchun ariza berishdi ROM muzokaralar paytida ular qabilaga murojaat qilganlar. Biroq, asta-sekin kolonistlar Montaukettni erdan siqib chiqarib, ularning xo'jaliklariga xalaqit berayotganini aytib, ov va baliq ovlashlariga to'sqinlik qildilar.^[8]

Montaukettning ko'p qismi 17-18 asrlarda vafot etgan epidemiyalar ning chechak, a Evroosiyo hindular yo'q bo'lgan ingliz va golland kolonistlari tomonidan olib boriladigan va ularning jamoalarida tarqalgan kasallik immunitet. Keyin Amerika inqilobi, ba'zi Montaukett bilan ko'chib Shinnek ga Oneida okrugi boshchiligidagi g'arbiy Nyu-York shtatida Mohegan missioner Samson Occom, ko'chmanchilar tajovuzidan qochishga urinish. Ular Birodar hindular Yangi Angliyadan kelgan boshqa qochoq hind xalqi bilan va ba'zi urf-odatlaridan voz kechishdi. 1831-1836 yillarda Brothertown hindulari ko'chib ketishdi Viskonsin, ular aholi punktiga asos solishgan Qardosh shahar.^[10]

Stiven Talkxaus, Montaukett, v. 1860-yillar.

Ba'zi Montaukett Long-Aylendda yashashni davom ettirdi. XIX asrning o'rtalarida va oxirlarida ularning eng taniqli a'zosi edi Stiven Talkxa. Ularning Montauk ko'lidagi hududi 1879 yilgacha Hindiston dalalari deb atalgan. Ularning soni kamayganligi sababli, yillar davomida Montaukett ushbu hududning boshqa xalqlari bilan turmush qurgan, ammo o'zlarining ko'p avlodlarini o'z madaniyatlarida Montaukett sifatida tarbiyalagan. Qachon Artur W. Benson ning hukumat kim oshdi savdosini majbur qildi Montauk, Nyu-York, u shaharning deyarli butun sharqiy qismini sotib olgan, u Montaukettni haydab chiqargan. Ular boshqa joyga ko'chishdi Fritaun, bepul tomonidan tashkil etilgan jamiyat rangli odamlar East Hampton Village-ning shimoliy chekkasida. Qabila sudlardan ko'chirishni noqonuniy deb e'lon qilish uchun bir necha bor urinishgan, ammo muvaffaqiyatsiz tugagan. 1990-yillardan boshlab, Montaukett qabila sifatida rasmiy tan olinishi uchun bosim o'tkazmoqda. The Shinnecock Indian Nation, ularning aksariyati Janubiy Sohildagi erlarning bir qismini egallashni davom ettirgan va ularni o'zlarining zahirasi sifatida da'vo qilganlar, 2010 yilda qabila sifatida federal tan olingan va shuningdek davlat tomonidan tan olingan. Tarixiy jihatdan ikkala guruh ham Pequot odamlarining bir qismi bo'lgan.

Montaukett asarlari va terli uylar yo'llaridan ko'rinadi Teodor Ruzvelt okrugidagi park. Bog 'ilgari Montauk County Park deb nomlangan.

Angliya-Evropa turar joyi

South End qabristonidagi Arslon Gardiner qabri

East Hampton Nyu-York shtatidagi birinchi ingliz aholi punkti edi. 1639 yilda Lion Gardiner er sotib oldi, u nima deb nomlandi Gardiner oroli, dan Montaukett odamlar. 1648 yilda Britaniyaning qirollik nizomi orolni Nyu-Yorkdan ham, Konnektikutdan ham mustaqil ravishda mustamlaka deb tan oldi. Bu maqomni Amerika inqilobidan keyin Nyu-York shtati va Sharqiy Xempton shahri hokimiyatiga o'tguncha saqlab qoldi.

1640 yil 12 iyunda to'qqiz Puritan oilalar Lin, Massachusets Sautgemptonda joylashgan Vijdon punkti deb ataladigan joyga tushdi; ba'zilari keyinchalik hozirgi Sharqiy Xemptonga ko'chib ketishdi. Sharqiy Xemptonda birinchi ingliz ko'chmanchilaridan Jon Xand, Tomas Talmage, Daniel Xou, Tomas Tomson, Jon Mulford, Uilyam Xеджs, Ralf Dayton, Tomas CHetfild va Tomas Osborn bor edi.^[11]

The Mulford Farmhouse, Jeyms Leynda, Sharqiy Xemptonda eng yaxshi saqlanib qolgan 17-asrdagi ingliz mustamlakasi. Ombor 1721 yilga to'g'ri keladi va kompleks a sifatida ishlaydi tirik muzey. Bu ro'yxatda keltirilgan Tarixiy joylarning milliy reestri.^[12] Uy 1680 yilda Sharqiy Xemptonni etkazib berish to'g'risidagi birinchi rasmiy hujjatda ko'rsatilgan taniqli erta ko'chmanchi Josiah Xobart uchun qurilgan. Bu East-Hampton Pattent nomi bilan mashhur edi^[13] yoki Dongan Patenti. 1686 yilda Sharqiy Xempton shaharchasini yangi egalariga beradigan hujjat imzolangan Tomas Dongan, keyin Nyu-York gubernatori.^[14] Patent kapitan Xobartni "Istiqlol-Xempton shahrining erkin egalarining ishonchli vakillari va umumiyligi" deb nomlagan. Ruhoniy Piter Xobartning o'g'illari, asos soluvchi vazir Qadimgi kema cherkovi yilda Massachusets shtatidagi Xingem, Josiya Xobart va uning ukasi Joshua ikkalasi ham oilalari bilan Long-Aylendga ko'chib ketishgan. Josiya Xobart Sharqiy Xemptonga joylashdi, u erda Suffolk okrugining yuqori sherifi bo'lib xizmat qildi. Vaziri ukasi Joshua bordi Southold, bu erda u shaharda 45 yil xizmat qilgan.

Mulford House, East Hampton

East Hampton Long Islandning sharqiy qismida joylashgan uchinchi Konnektikut aholi punkti edi. Sharqiy Xempton 1657 yilda Konnektikut bilan rasmiy ravishda birlashdi. Long Aylend rasmiy ravishda Nyu-Yorkning bir qismi deb e'lon qilindi (shuningdek, ingliz qonunlariga bo'ysunadi). Angliyalik Karl II to'rt ingliz fregati bugungi kunni egallab olgandan keyin Nyu-York shahri, East Hamptonni Konnektikut boshqaruvidan ozod qildi.

Sharqiy Xempton, keyin Maidstone deb nomlangan Meydstone, Kent, Angliya. Keyinchalik bu nom "Easthampton" deb o'zgartirilib, qo'shnilarining Sautgempton va Vestxemptonning geografik nomlarini aks ettirgan.^[15] 1885 yilda ism mahalliy gazetadan keyin ikki so'zga bo'lindi East Hampton Star ikki so'zli ismdan foydalanishni boshladi. "Maidstone" tez-tez butun shahar bo'ylab joy nomlarida, shu jumladan Maidstone golf klubi.

Deep Hollow Ranch, 1658 yilda Montaukda tashkil etilgan bo'lib, Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng qadimgi doimiy ravishda ishlaydigan chorva mollari hisoblanadi.

Galereya

• 

  Jorj Bredford Brainerd. Uy va tegirmon, East Hampton, Long Island, c. 1872-1887 yillar. Bruklin muzeyi

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  Jorj Bredford Brainerd. Temirchilar do'koni, East Hampton, Long Island, c. 1872-1887 yillar. Bruklin muzeyi

• 

  Jorj Bredford Brainerd. Sohil bo'yida, East Hampton, Long Island, c. 1872-1887 yillar. Bruklin muzeyi

• 

  Jorj Bredford Brainerd. Akademiya, East Hampton, Long Island, v. 1872-1887 yillar. Bruklin muzeyi

• 

  Oq uyda joylashgan shahar suv havzasi

• 

  Shahar hovuzi

• 

  Gardiner shamol tegirmoni

• 

  Pantigo shamol tegirmoni

• 

  Kanca tegirmoni

Kit ovlash

East Hamptonning birinchi portidagi delfinlar - Northwest Landing, 2007 y

Sharqiy Xempton dastlab qishloq xo'jaligi uchun ishlab chiqilgan bo'lsa, tez orada ko'chmanchilar buni aniqladilar kitlar tez-tez plyaj shaharning janubiy qirg'og'i bo'ylab. Kitlar oziq-ovqat va moy uchun o'yib ishlangan bo'lishi mumkin. Shahar qonunlari bunday tana go'shti bilan to'g'ri ishlashni tartibga solish uchun yozilgan. Balina mahsulotlariga talab oshgani sayin, aholining o'rim-yig'im texnikasida tajovuzkorligi oshdi. Endi plyajdagi kitlarni yig'ish bilan kifoyalanmay, ular qirg'oqqa yaqinlashib kelayotgan tirik kitlarni yig'ishni boshladilar.

Shimoliy-G'arbiy Makoni, joylashgan Shimoli-g'arbiy qo'nish Gardinerning ko'rfazida shaharning birinchi porti bo'lgan. Liman katta kemalar uchun juda sayoz bo'lib chiqdi, shuning uchun G'arbdan 3 kilometr uzoqlikda, Sag Harborda katta port ishlab chiqildi. Ba'zi hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra, bu uning nomlanishi bilan bog'liqligi sababli nomlangan Sagaponak, Nyu-York Sautgempton shahrida.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Baliq ovlash sanoatining eng yuqori cho'qqisida, 1847 yilda Sag Harborda kitlarning 60 ga yaqin kemalari joylashgan bo'lib, ularda 800 kishi tegishli ishlarda ishlagan. Xerman Melvill romanida ushbu qishloq haqida ko'plab ma'lumotlarga murojaat qilgan, Mobi-Dik. Port Nyu-York bilan raqobatlashdi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} 1847 yildan keyin muqobil yoqilg'i mahsulotlarining ko'payishi sababli kit ovlash sanoati keskin tushib ketdi.

Sag Harbor dengiz kapitanlari orasida siyosatchining ajdodlari bo'lgan Xovard Din, kim East Hamptonda tug'ilgan.^[16]

Sag Harbordan eng mashhur sayohatlar shu erdalar Mercator Cooper. 1845 yilda u Amerika kemasida bo'lgan, u halok bo'lgan yapon dengizchilarini olib ketgan Bonin orollari va ularni qaytarib berdi Tokio. 1853 yilda Kuper ekspeditsiya bilan uzoq Janubga yo'l oldi va u erda muzli tokchani yorib o'tib, birinchi tegib turgan odamga aylandi. Sharqiy Antarktida.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Sharqiy Xempton shahri hali ham dengiz biznesining, shu jumladan turizmning ta'sirida. Bu yozgi ko'plab aholi va sayyohlarni jalb qiladi. Montauk Nyu-York shtatidagi eng yirik baliq ovlash portidir.^[17] Shahar, ayniqsa, mashhur bo'lgan tijorat sport baliq ovlari bilan mashhur Frank Mundus. Shahardagi eng katta binolardan biri - Napeagadagi "Promised Land" baliq ovqati zavodi.

Prezidentlar va birinchi xonimlar

Birinchi xonimlar Julia Gardiner Tayler va Jaklin Buvier Kennedi Onassis bolaligini o'sha erda o'tkazgan. Teodor Ruzvelt Ispaniya-Amerika urushidan qaytgach, Montaukda, Uaykoff lagerida qisqa vaqt ichida karantin ostiga olingan. Bill Klinton va Hillari Klinton yozgi ta'tilni 1998 va 1999 yillarda o'tkazdi.

Julia Gardiner Tayler

Julia Gardiner Tayler

Julia Gardiner Gardiners orolida tug'ilgan va uning otasi Sharqiy Xempton qishlog'ida uyi bo'lgan. 1844 yil 28-fevralda u va uning otasi, Devid Gardiner, Prezident partiyasining bir qismi edi USSPrinston ishlamayotgan to'p portlaganda. Uning otasi va Vazirlar Mahkamasining ikki xodimi o'ldirilgan. Afsonaga ko'ra Yuliya prezident Jon Tayler (ilgari birinchi xotinidan ayrilgan) qo'lida hushidan ketdi. To'rt oydan keyin ular turmushga chiqdilar va milliy mojaroni keltirib chiqardilar, chunki ularning yoshlarida 30 yillik farq bor edi.

Garchi Tayler badavlat Gardinerlar oilasining a'zosi va AQShning sobiq birinchi xonimi bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, u keyin iqtisodiy muammolarga duch keldi Amerika fuqarolar urushi. U va uning eri qo'llab-quvvatladilar Amerika Konfederativ Shtatlari. U Prezident bilan birga dafn etilgan Gollivud qabristoni yilda Richmond, Virjiniya, urush paytida Konfederatsiya poytaxti va Virjiniya poytaxti. Uning otasi va o'g'illaridan biri Sharqiy Xemptondagi Janubiy End dafn marosimida dafn etilgan.

Jaklin Buvier Kennedi Onassis

Jaklin Buvier Kennedi Onassis

Jaklin Kennedi Onassis Sauthempton kasalxonasida 1929 yil 28-iyulda tug'ilgan. U Nyu-Yorkda tug'ilgan bo'lar edi, lekin u olti haftaga kechikdi. Uning ota-onasi, Janet Norton Li va Jon Vernu Bovye III, "Black Jack" nomi bilan tanilgan, qolish edi Lasata, Sharqiy Xemptonda uning ota bobosi mayorning uyi Jon Vernu Buvier-kichik..^[18]

Uning ota-onasi 1928 yil 7-iyulda Sharqiy Xemptondagi Avliyo Filomena katolik cherkovida turmush qurishgan. Qabul marosimi Lily Pondda joylashgan onasining bobosi Jeyms T. Li va Margaret Lining Sharqiy Xempton qishlog'ida bo'lib o'tdi.

Uning oilasi a'zolari bo'lgan Maidstone klubi. U va uning singlisi, Li Buvier, ota-onasi ajrashgan paytgacha, yozlarini East Hamptondagi uyda 10 yoshigacha o'tkazgan. Uning Sharqiy Xempton bilan aloqasi 1970-yillarda qayta tiklandi. U 1975 yilgi hujjatli filmning chiqarilishidan keyingi yangiliklar haqidagi xabarlarda yoritilgan Kulrang bog'lar, xolasining hayotini o'rgangan, Edith Ewing Buvier Beale va amakivachcha, Edith Buvier Beale. Ular ushbu nomdagi qasrda qashshoqlikda yashashlari aniqlandi. Jaklin va uning eri Aristotel Onassis qarindoshlarining hayotini yaxshilash uchun pul ajratdi. (Hujjatli film moslashtirilgan Broadway musiqiy shu nom bilan. Mulkka oid hujjatli film 2006 yilda chiqarilgan.)

Jaklinning xolasi va amakisi, Vinifred Li va Franklin d'Olier, 2002 yilga qadar Lily Pond Lane-da onasining bobosi va buvisining uyiga egalik qilishni davom ettirdi. Buvier oilaviy qabristoni uchastkasi Eng Muqaddas Uch Birlik katolik qabristoni Sidar ko'chasida. Jekining otasi, onasining buvisi, otasining bobosi va bobosi, shuningdek, turli qarindoshlari, jumladan Edit Eving Buvier Bale qabristonda dafn etilgan.

Bill va Xillari Klinton

1998 va 1999 yillarda Hillari Klinton Senatni Nyu-Yorkdan saylash haqida o'ylayotgani haqida gap ketganda, ular yozni Sharqiy Xemptonda boshladilar, u erda Georgica Pond uyida qolishdi. Stiven Spilberg. Klinton shanba kuni Amagansett o't o'chirish punktidan radio suhbati o'tkazdi.

2008 yil iyun oyida Hillari Klintonning Prezidentlikka da'vogarligi yakunlangach, u Wiborg Beach uyida qoldi. Tomas H. Li East Hampton Village-da.^[19]

Afro-amerikaliklar tarixi

Sharqiy Xempton muhim rol o'ynadi Afroamerikalik tarix. Amerika inqilobiy urushidan so'ng, Nyu-York asta-sekin bekor qilish to'g'risidagi qonunni qabul qildi va qul onadan tug'ilgan bolalarni ozod qildi. Ammo oxirgi qullar 1827 yilgacha ozodlikka chiqmaganlar 1812 yilgi urush, Gardiners qullarni Gardiner oroliga oldinga va orqaga etkazib berish uchun ishlatgan. Gardinerlarning fikriga ko'ra, qullarni ingliz blokadalari orqali o'tish osonroq edi, chunki ular "egalik qilishlari" aniq edi.

Ushbu davrda Sag Harbor kitlar savdosi tufayli Nyu-Yorkka raqib bo'lgan port maqomiga ko'tarildi.^{[20][iqtibos kerak ]} Ko'pgina qullar kemalarda dengiz tashish va kit savdosi bilan bog'liq holda ishladilar. Qullik tugagandan so'ng, Gardinerning sobiq qullari kichik uylarni qurishdi Fritaun (East Hampton), East Hampton qishlog'ining shimolida. Sag Harbor's ozodlar ishlab chiqilgan Eastville jamoasi Sag Harborda.

Sent-Devid AME Sion qabristoni

1808 yilda Qo'shma Shtatlar va Buyuk Britaniya Afrikadagi qul savdosini tugatishda hamkorlik qildilar, ammo Ispaniya qullarni Karib dengizi va Lotin Amerikasi mustamlakalariga olib borishda davom etdi. 1839 yil 26-avgustda ekipaj La Amistad, asirlari tomonidan boshqarilgan noqonuniy qul kemasi Kuba, langar tashladi Kulden-punkt va etkazib berish uchun Montaukda qirg'oqqa keldi. Tajribasiz navigator bo'lgan qullar, ular Afrikaga boramiz deb o'ylashdi. A'zolari AQSh dengiz kuchlari kema USS Vashington qirg'oqdagi qullarni ko'rib, ularni hibsga oldi va Konnektikutga olib ketdi.

Bu xalqaro ish edi, Ispaniya kemani va qullarni qaytarib berish (yoki tovon puli) haqida bahslashdi. Tushuntirish uchun Qo'shma Shtatlar o'z qonunlariga ega edi. Noqonuniy ravishda olib qo'yilgan Mende xalqi o'zlarining erkinliklari uchun bahslashdilar. Amistad ish oxir-oqibat AQSh Oliy sudi 1841 yilda. Jon Kvinsi Adams bahslashdi afrikaliklar uchun. Sud Ispaniyaning Mendeni birinchi qo'lga olishini noqonuniy deb topgan holda, ularning foydasiga qaror qildi, shuning uchun ular o'zlarining erkinligini himoya qiladigan erkin erkaklar toifasiga kiritildilar va qul qonuniga binoan isyon yoki qo'zg'olonda ayblanmadilar. East Hampton film rejissyori Stiven Spilberg yilda qullar qo'zg'oloni va Oliy sud ishini ommalashtirdi 1997 yil filmi Amistad.

Lardan biri Amistad sobiq qullar suddan so'ng AQShda qolishdi. U sifatida ishlagan valet Prezident uchun Jon Tayler. U kemada o'ldirilgan USS Prinston namoyish paytida to'plardan biri portlaganida, Devid Gardiner va vazirlar mahkamasining ikki xodimi bilan birga.

1845 yilda afroamerikalik dengizchi Pirus kontserti Sag Harbor kemasi bortida edi Manxetten, sardor bo'lgan kema Mercator Cooper kemasi halok bo'lgan yapon dengizchilarini olib ketgan Bonin orollari. Kema ichkariga kirishga ruxsat berildi Tokio ko'rfazi dengizchilarni qaytarish uchun eskort ostida. Yaponiya xorijiy yuk tashish uchun yopiq bo'lganligi sababli, u Tokioga tashrif buyurgan birinchi Amerika kemasi edi. Kontsert yaponiyaliklar ko'rgan birinchi afroamerikalik edi. U tadbirning rasmlarida tasvirlangan.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Boylar uchun o'yin maydonchasi

Maidstone klubi

Sharqiy Xempton Gardiners oroliga joylashtirilgan dastlabki kunlaridanoq, ayniqsa Gardiners Nyu-York shahrining deyarli barcha boy oilalariga uylanganidan so'ng, boylar uchun uy sifatida mashhur bo'lgan.

Manhettendan yuz ellik mil uzoqlikda joylashgan Sharqiy Xempton 1880 yilgacha deyarli rivojlanmagan bo'lib qoldi Ostin Korbin kengaytirilgan Long Island temir yo'l yo'li dan Bridgehampton, Nyu-York Montaukga. Rivojlanishning bir qismi sifatida, Artur W. Benson auksionni majbur qildi va 10 000 akr (40 km) uchun 151 000 AQSh dollarini to'ladi²) Montauk atrofida. U o'sha erdagi Montaukket tub amerikaliklarini ko'chirishga majbur qildi.

Benson me'morni olib keldi Stenford Oq Montaukdagi Ditch Plains yaqinidagi oltita "kottej", qasrlarni loyihalashtirish. Ular o'zlarining maxsus mahallalarini boshqarish uchun Montauk uyushmasini tuzdilar. Nyu-Yorkdan East Hampton qishlog'iga yangi kirish imkoni bilan, badavlat oilalar Sautgemptondan sharqqa yo'l olishdi va Sharqiy Xemptonda qasrlar qurishdi. The Maidstone golf klubi 1891 yilda ochilgan. Dastlabki "kottejlar" orasida bo'lgan Tick ​​Hall, keyinchalik 20-asrning oxirlarida televizor arbobi tomonidan egallangan Dik Kavet. U 1993 yilda yoqilgan, ammo Kavett uni tiklagan. U jarayonni televizion hujjatli film uchun suratga oldi.

Korbin poezdni Montaukgacha uzaytirish bilan bog'liq sanoat ambitsiyalariga ega edi. U Fort-Pond ko'rfazidagi temir yo'l stantsiyasi atrofida yangi port shahri rivojlanadi va u erda Evropadan okeanga chiqadigan kemalar to'xtaydi deb o'ylardi. Yo'lovchilar poezdda Nyu-York shahriga borishlari mumkin edi, shuning uchun transportda bir kun tejash mumkin edi.

Montauk uchun katta rejalar amalga oshmadi. Er Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasiga sotildi. Teodor Ruzvelt oxirida u erda Kamp Wyckoffga juda ko'p tashrif buyurdi Ispaniya-Amerika urushi.

1926 yilda Karl G. Fisher shahar Montauk orzusini qayta tiklash uchun mo'ljallangan, uni maqsad sifatida rivojlantirish rejalari bilan Mayami-Plyaj shimoliy. U sobiq Benson mulkini 2,5 million dollarga sotib oldi (Birinchi Jahon urushi tugaganidan keyin u ortiqcha mol-mulk sifatida sotildi). U Montauk markazida olti qavatli Montauk obodonlashtirish binosini qurdi (u hali ham shaharning eng baland egallab olingan inshooti hisoblanadi, chunki keyingi rayonlashtirish baland binolarni taqiqlagan), Montauk Manor (u hashamatli mehmonxona bo'lgan), Montauk ko'lini chuqurlashtirdi va uni Blokka ochdi. Uning Montauk Yacht Club va unga bog'liq bo'lgan Star Island Casino-ni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun Island Sound, shuningdek Montauk Downs golf klubi.^[21]

Fisher fond bozorida boyligini yo'qotdi 1929 yildagi halokat. Er Ikkinchi Jahon urushida harbiylarga qaytarib sotilgan. Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida armiya armiya, dengiz floti va havo kuchlari bazalari uchun o'z erlarini ishlab chiqardi.

Yillar davomida Sharqiy Xemptonning boyligi rivojlanib bordi. Qishloq o'sib ulg'aygan va sobiq fermer xo'jaliklari ustunlik qilgan kartoshka uy-joy qurish uchun maydonlar ishlab chiqilgan. Sharqiy Xempton qishlog'i okeanga parallel ravishda Keyingi Leyn va Lily Pond Leyn bo'ylab joylashgan eng ko'zni qamashtiruvchi qatorga ega deb hisoblanadi.

Boylikning ajoyib namoyishlari okean yaqinida sodir bo'lgan ("janubi." Montauk avtomagistrali "), Springs va Montauk kabi joylarda ancha sodda uylar va bungalovlar qurilgan. 1950 va 1960 yillarda quyidagi Oshxona bahslari o'rtasida Nikita Xrushchev va Richard Nikson, arzonroq yig'ma chaqirilgan uylar Leysurama Montaukda Cullden Point-da ikkinchi uy sifatida qurilgan.

2006 yil noyabr oyida shaharchadagi uyning o'rtacha narxi 895 000 AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi ^[22] AQSh uchun milliy median bilan taqqoslaganda 225000 dollar.^[23] Hozirda East Hampton-dagi bir nechta uylar o'n millionlab dollarga sotilmoqda. Sharqiy Xemptonda yashash nisbatan qimmatga tushadi, 2007 yilda yashash qiymati o'rtacha mamlakatning 168 foizini tashkil etdi.^[24]

Xizmat ko'rsatuvchi jamoat

Jamiyatning bir qismi badavlat jamoaga xizmat ko'rsatadigan mehnatkash odamlardan iborat. Ist-Xempton shahridagi xizmat ko'rsatuvchi jamoatchilik Springsda joylashgan bo'lib, u erda eng oddiy uy-joy mavjud.^[25]

Rassomlar koloniyasi

Springsdagi Pollock-Krasner uyi.

Sharqiy Xemptonning rassomlar koloniyasi sifatida obro'si rassomdan boshlangan Jekson Pollok, kim yashagan Springs, Nyu-York 1940 va 1950 yillarda, bilan Li Krasner, hozirda Pollock-Krasner uyi va studiyasi. Uning eng taniqli rasmlarining aksariyati u studiyaga aylantirgan omborda bo'yalgan. Mulk endi uchrashuvlar uchun jamoatchilik uchun ochiq, uchrashuvlar orqali. Endi u egalik qiladi Stoni Bruk universiteti vafotidan keyin o'zgarishsiz qolgan studiyasini ko'rish uchun rejalashtirilgan uchrashuvlar bilan.

Sharqiy Xemptonni rassomlar koloniyasi sifatida ommalashtirgan boshqa rassomlar orasida ham bor edi Villem de Kooning, Mark Rotko, Frants Kline, Yan Xornak, Larri Rivers, Alfonso Ossorio, Robert Motherwell, Endi Uorxol, Jon Ferren, Tomas Moran, Lui Shanker va Sharlot parki shuningdek, badiiy dilerlar Leo Kastelli va Ileana Sonnabend.

Pollok 1956 yilda ma'shuqasi bilan haydash paytida vafot etdi, Rut Kligman va uning do'sti, Springs kamin yo'lida, ularni East Hampton shahridagi Long Island temir yo'l stantsiyasida olib ketgandan keyin.^[26]

Pollok va Krasner dafn etilgan Yashil daryo qabristoni, o'z avlodlarining ko'plab rassomlari bilan bir qatorda Springsda. Pollokning ta'siri jamiyatda sezilib turaveradi.

Marcia Gay Harden 2000 yil g'olib bo'ldi Eng yaxshi ikkinchi darajali aktrisa uchun Oskar mukofoti Krasnerni tasvirlash uchun Pollok (film) Ist-Xemptonda orzu qilingan loyiha sifatida suratga olingan Ed Xarris, shuningdek, u "Eng yaxshi aktyor" nominatsiyasida taqdirlangan.

2003 yilda Wainscott shkafidan topilgan 24 ta rasm va chizmalar Pollokning asl nusxasi ekanligi to'g'risida davom etayotgan munozaralar davom etmoqda. Fiziklar bu borada bahslashishdi fraktallar rasmlarning haqiqiyligini tasdiqlash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin. Bahslar hali ham natijasiz.^[27]

Endi Uorxol va uning uzoq yillik hamkori, Pol Morrissi, deb nomlangan Montaukda qirg'oq bo'yidagi katta mulkka ega edi Eothen. Ularning mehmonlari orasida edi Jaklin Onassis, Li Radzivill, Rolling Stones, Byanka Jagger, Jerri Xoll, Liza Minnelli, Elizabeth Teylor, Jon Lennon, Jon Fillips va Xelston.^[28]

1993 yilda Endi Uorxol jamg'armasi 15,6 gektar maydonni (63000 m) ehson qildi²) mulkni Tabiatni muhofaza qilish Napeagadagi Art Barge bilan birgalikda olib boriladigan Andy Warhol ingl. San'at qo'riqxonasi uchun.^[29]

Tabiiy ofatlar

Sidar nuqtasi dengiz chiroqlari

Sharqiy Xemptonga ta'sir ko'rsatgan ikkita yirik tabiiy ofat quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi 1938 yilgi bo'ron va "Kerol" dovuli, 1954 yilda, ikkalasi ham Atlantika okeanini shaharni Napeagadagi ikkiga bo'linishini topdi. 1938 yildagi bo'ron shu qadar qumni yuvib yuborganki Sidar nuqtasi dengiz chiroqlari orolda bo'lgan, materik bilan bog'langan. 1954 yildagi bo'ron Napeagadagi MakKay radio minoralarini ham ag'darib tashladi.

Sharqiy Xemptonda mavjud emas to'siqli plyajlar bu Koni orolidan Sautgemptongacha bo'lgan Long Islandning janubiy qirg'og'ining deyarli butun uzunligini bosib o'tgan. Sharqiy Xemptonning okean sohillari materik bilan bog'langan, bu esa ularni bo'ronlar ostida yuvishga imkon bermaydi.

Fort Pond ko'rfazidagi bo'ronlar tufayli Montauk qishlog'i Ikkinchi Jahon urushi oxirida dengiz kuchlari tomonidan ko'chirilgan. Qishloq dastlab temir yo'l stantsiyasida joylashgan, ammo doimo suv ostida edi.

Sharqiy Xemptonda doimiy ravishda bo'ronlar va Noreasters. Shaharning odatda tekis relyefini hisobga olgan holda, suv tez-tez kuchli yomg'ir paytida avtoulovchilarni tashlab ketadigan shahar yo'llarida to'planadi.

Shaharning eng jiddiy ekologik muammosi plyaj eroziyasi. Shahar okean bo'yidagi mulkni rivojlantirishni keskin cheklab qo'ydi va shu bilan ta'sirni chekladi. Ilgari qoyalardan qariyb 91 fut narida joylashgan Montauk dengiz chiroqi endi qoyalardan 56 fut (17 m) uzoqlikda joylashgan. Hozirgi kunda eng tahlikali hududlar Montauk qishlog'ida joylashgan bo'lib, u Sharqiy Xemptonning okean bo'yidagi mulklari singari, okean yonidagi ishbilarmonlik tumaniga ega shaharchadagi yagona jamiyatdir. Georgica Pond-da AQSh muhandislar korpusi qurilgan Groynes qasrlarni himoya qilish. Ushbu qurilish Sautgempton bilan ishqalanish manbai bo'lib, jetlar to'xtaydi uzoq sohil siljishi, u erda plyaj eroziyasini sezilarli darajada oshiradi.

Plyajni rivojlantirishning etishmasligi, shu jumladan, yo'q taxta yurish ko'plab rivojlangan plyaj jamoalarining xususiyatlari bo'lgan sayohatlar, Sharqiy Xempton plyajlarini mamlakatdagi eng yaxshi plyajlar qatoriga kiritishiga yordam berdi.^[30]

Harbiy tarix

Sharqiy Xempton deyarli faqat turar-joy jamoasi hisoblansa-da, u uy bo'lgan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dengiz kuchlari, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari bazalari, ularning oxirgisi 1980 yillarda yopilgan. Hozirda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari sohil xavfsizligi shtab-kvartirasi.

Shaharda to'qnashuvlar va harbiy hodisalar XVII asrdan boshlab Ikkinchi Jahon urushi davrida sodir bo'lgan.

Massacre Valley

Montaukdagi Montaukett qabri. Taniqli yagona qabr - Stiven Talkxausning qabri

1653 yilda Montaukda Montaukett qabilasining 30 a'zosi o'ldirilganda, Sharqiy Xemptonda yuz bergan turli to'qnashuvlar va mojarolarda qayd etilgan eng katta odam o'limi "qirg'in vodiysi" bo'ldi. Narragansett hozirgi Montauk Manor etagidagi qabila.^[31]

Montauketts gullab-yashnagan wampum (yasalgan hushtak Sharqiy Xempton plyajlaridagi chig'anoqlar) savdo Konnektikut qabilalari. Tartiblar 1637 yilda Pequot urushi bu Angliyaning Yangi Angliyadagi hukmronligini mustahkamlash va tub amerikalik qabilalar o'rtasida kuchlar muvozanatini o'zgartirish edi.

Pequot urushi Montaukettsning Gardiners orolini, Sharqiy Xempton va Sautgemptonni inglizlarga sotishiga hissa qo'shishi kerak edi, chunki inglizlar Montaukettsni Konnektikutdagi hujumlardan himoya qiladi. Biroq Montauketts va Pequot urushida mahalliy amerikaliklarning nominal g'oliblari bo'lgan Narragansett o'rtasida urush boshlandi.

1653 yilda Narragansetts ostida Ninigret Montaukett qishlog'iga hujum qildi va yoqib yubordi, 30 kishini o'ldirdi va Uyandanchning qizlaridan birini qo'lga oldi. Arslon Gardiner yordamida qizi fido qilindi (u o'z navbatida uning katta qismini olish kerak edi) Smittaun, Nyu-York minnatdorchilik bilan). Montauketts vaqtincha Sharqiy Xempton qishlog'iga yaqinlashdi va inglizlar Long-Aylend Ovozidagi kemalarga Narragansett qayiqlarini cho'ktirishni buyurdilar.^[32] To'qnashuvlar 1657 yilda tugashi kerak edi.

Kapitan Kidd

Sharqiy Xempton 17-asrda va 18-asrning boshlarida suv yo'llarida garovgirlar bo'lgan, ularning eng e'tiborlisi shu edi Kapitan Kidd Gardiners orolidagi o'ljasi sud jarayonida tanishtirilgandan so'ng osilgan.

Aytishlaricha, Kidd butun xazinani Long-Aylend bo'ylab ko'mgan. Montauk dengiz chiroqidagi pul havzalari bu erda qoldirilgan xazina tufayli nomlangan.

1699 yil iyun oyida Kidd ismini tozalash uchun Bostonga ketayotganda orolda to'xtatildi. Egasi Gardiner xonimning ruxsati bilan u 30 ming dollar xazinani Bostvik punkti va Manor uyi orasidagi jarlikka ko'mgan. Muammolari uchun u unga Mooriyaliklar kemasidan tortib olingan bir bo'lak oltin matoni berdi (uning bir qismi hozirda East Hampton kutubxonasida). Madagaskar, shuningdek, bir qop shakar. Kidd, agar u qaytib kelganda yo'q bo'lsa, u Gardinerni o'ldirishi haqida ogohlantirdi. Kidd Bostonda sud qilindi va Gardinerga xazinani dalil sifatida etkazib berishga buyruq berildi. Olja ichiga oltin chang, kumush zarbalar, Ispaniya dollari, yoqutlar, olmoslar, shamdonlar va porringers. Gardiner qiziga bergan olmoslardan birini saqlagan. Orolda plakat joyni belgilaydi, ammo bu xususiy mulkda.^[33]

Amerika inqilobi

Montauk Point dengiz chiroqlari

Cannon dengiz muzeyida namoyish etilgan Kuldenden olib kelindi

1775 yilda inglizlar birinchi bo'lib Long-Aylend tomon yo'l oldi Fort Pond Bay paytida Montaukda Bostonni qamal qilish. O'zining ixtiyorida cheklangan qo'shinlari bo'lgan Jon Deyton o'zlarini ko'proq narsalarga o'xshatish uchun paltolarini ichkariga aylantirib, tepada u yoqdan bu yoqqa yurib, ko'proq narsaga egaman deb o'ylardi (taktika Daytonning hiyla-nayranglari).^[34] Inglizlar 1776 yilgacha Long-Aylendga rasmiy ravishda hujum qilmaydilar.

Davomida Long-Aylend qulaganidan keyin Long-Aylend jangi, Shimoliy G'arbiy va Sag Harborning Sharqiy Xempton portlari inglizlar tomonidan to'sib qo'yilgan va inglizlar Gardinerning orolidan ovni saqlash uchun foydalangan.

Long-Aylend jangidan keyin Nyu-Yorkdagi birinchi Amerika g'alabasi bo'ldi Meigs Raid Sag Harborda (ba'zida Sag Harbor jangi deb ham ataladi) Konnektikutdan kelgan qit'alar Britaniyaning yer ishlariga hujum qilganlarida va qishloqning Sharqiy Xempton tomonidagi kemalar va iskillalarni yoqib yuborgan. Amerikaliklar oltitasini o'ldirishdi va 90 nafar ingliz mahbuslarini bitta askarini yo'qotmasdan Konnektikutga qaytarishdi.

Ko'pincha shimoliy-g'arbiy qismida fermasi bo'lgan Isaak Van Skoyning hikoyasi tarqaldi. Ertaklarga ko'ra, inglizlar uning xo'jalik uyiga bostirib kirishgan va u bitta askarni pichan bilan o'ldirgan. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Van Skoy qo'lga olingan va Sag Harbordagi qamoq kemasiga olib ketilgan va u qochgan.^[35] Van Skoyning uyining sopol qoldiqlari hanuzgacha u dafn etilgan shimoli-g'arbiy qo'riqxonada ko'rinadi (Amerika bayroqlari uning qabrini bayramlarda belgilab qo'ygan). Uning ismi Van Scoy Pond, shu jumladan mintaqadagi turli xil plasenimlarga qo'llaniladi.

Gardiners orolidagi manor uy endigina 1774 yilda qurilgan edi va ingliz kuchlari a'zolari uni urush davomida - ruxsatsiz yoki ruxsatsiz ishlatishlari kerak edi. Britaniyalik mehmonlar orasida edi Genri Klinton va Jon André. Bir vaqtning o'zida Nyu-Xempshir kontinental piyodalari uchun jarroh bo'lgan mayor Andre va Gardiner o'g'li Nataniel Gardinerlar orolda tostlarni almashishdi. Keyinchalik Gardiner amerikalik jarroh bo'lib, Andre bilan josuslikda tutilib, qatl etilganda unga tashrif buyurgan Benedikt Arnold.^[36]

Angliya floti Konnektikutni blokirovka qilish va Nyu-Angliyani qaytarib olish uchun yangi jinoyatni rejalashtirish uchun East Hampton suvlaridan foydalangan (bu hech qachon bo'lmagan). Kemalardan biri, HMSKulden, hozirda nima deyilganiga qaradi Kulden-punkt Montaukda 1781 yil 24-yanvarda qishki bo'ron paytida. Kema buzilib, yoqib yuborilgan. 1970-yillarda kemaning qoldiqlari topilgan va hozir Long-Aylenddagi yagona suv osti parki. Kema qoldiqlarini Amagansettdagi East Hampton dengiz muzeyida ko'rish mumkin.

Urushdan keyin mustaqil mustamlaka deb hisoblangan Gardiners oroli Nyu-York va Sharqiy Xemptonga rasman qo'shildi.

Jorj Vashington qurilishiga ruxsat berish kerak edi Montauk Point dengiz chiroqlari.

1812 yilgi urush

Gardiners oroli Springs, Nyu-York taniqli oq shamol tegirmoni va manor uyini namoyish etish.

Umbrella House, Sag Harbordagi eng qadimgi uy. U Amerika inqilobida ingliz qo'shinlarini joylashtirgan va 1812 yilgi urush paytida (u erda pastki chap burchakda och rangli g'ishtlar bor) zambaraklardan o'q otilgan.

Davomida 1812 yilgi urush Britaniya fregatlari yana Sharqiy Xemptonning shimoliy ko'rfazlarini shtab-kvartirasi Gardiners ko'rfazida joylashgan fregatlar bilan nazorat qildilar, ayniqsa Sag Harborga kirayotgan kemalarni bezovta qildilar.^[37]

Sag Harborning Turkiya tepaligida 3000 askar tomonidan boshqarilgan qal'asi bor edi. 11-iyul, 1813 yil. Britaniyaning yuz dengiz piyodasi dengiz qirg'og'iga bostirib kirdi, ammo kapitan Devid Xand boshchiligidagi amerikaliklarning bitta shpalini yoqib yuborganidan keyin orqaga qaytarildi.^[38]

Davomida 1812 yilgi urush Cherry Harborga langar tashlagan va Amerika kemalariga reydlar o'tkazgan ushbu yo'nalishdagi etti kemadan iborat ingliz floti va bir nechta kichik fregatlar. Long Island Sound. Ekipajlar bozor narxlarida sotib olingan oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari uchun qirg'oqqa kelishadi. Britaniyalik ekskursiyalarning birida amerikaliklar ekipajning bir qismini qo'lga olishdi. Inglizlar o'sha paytda Manor Lordi Jon Lion Gardinerni hibsga olishga kelishdi. Nozik odam bo'lgan Gardiner, o'zini "zaif xonaga qarshi himoya" ni qabul qildi, u o'zini zaif holga keltirish uchun tibbiyot bilan o'ralgan yashil pardalar bilan to'shakda qoldi. Inglizlar, kasal odamni kemada bo'lishini xohlamaydilar, u bo'lsin.^[36]

Inglizlar orolda bir nechta xodimni ko'mishlari kerak edi. Ba'zi ingliz floti Vashingtonni yoqib yubordi portda 1814 yilda yig'ilgan.^[39]

Gardinerning ta'minot kemalari urush paytida qullar tomonidan boshqarilgan va bu ularning ingliz chiziqlari orqali o'tishini osonlashtirgan. Gardinerning ko'pgina qullari yashashi kerak edi Fritaun (East Hampton), shimol tomonda East Hampton (qishloq), Nyu-York.^[36]

Amerika fuqarolar urushi

Davomida Amerika fuqarolar urushi, Sag Harbor kit ovlash kemalarining bir qismi tanib olindi Charlston, Janubiy Karolina shaharni blokirovka qilish uchun port.

The USS Montauk, a monitor da qurilgan Kontinental temir ishlari yilda Bruklin, Grinpoint, urush davomida sezilarli harakatlarni ko'rdi. 1865 yilda kema to'xtadi Vashington dengiz kuchlari hovlisi, ayblanuvchilar uchun qamoqxona sifatida ishlatilgan Avraam Linkolnning o'ldirilishi fitnachilar va otopsi va qotilning jasadini aniqlash Jon Uilks But.^[40]

Ispaniya-Amerika urushi

Davomida Ispaniya-Amerika urushi, Armiya Tayler Fortini qurdi Gardiners-Point oroli Long Islandni himoya qilish uchun.

Keyinchalik muhim qal'a - hozirgi Montauk Long-Aylend temir yo'l stantsiyasidan Montauk Point dengiz chiroqiga qadar cho'zilgan ulkan Kamp Wickoff (shuningdek, Wykoff deb nomlangan) edi.

Hudud ziddiyatdan kelgan askarlarni karantin qo'yish uchun ishlatilgan. Baza orqali o'tgan 20 ming askar orasida eng taniqli guruh bular edi Teodor Ruzvelt va uning Qo'pol chavandozlar. Chodir lageri qo'shinlarga nisbatan yomon munosabatda bo'lgan milliy janjalga aylandi (256 u erda vafot etdi) va Prezident Uilyam Makkinli yaxshilanishlarni ta'kidlash uchun tashrif buyurdi.^[41] Lagerdan ko'rgazma va eksponatlar mavjud Teodor Ruzvelt okrugidagi park.

Birinchi jahon urushi

Davomida Birinchi jahon urushi, E.W. Bliss kompaniyasi Bruklin, Nyu-York Sag Harbordan yarim mil shimolda, portda sinovdan o'tgan torpedalar. Jarayon doirasida Sag Harbordagi Long Wharf beton va temir yo'l shpallari bilan mustahkamlandi, chunki torpedalar sinov uchun kemalarga yuklandi. Ular Long-Aylend yo'li orqali, Sag Harbor bo'ylab temiryo'lga tegishli bo'lgan okeanga jo'natilgan. Sinovlarni kuzatuvchilar orasida Tomas Alva Edison. Iskandagi bugungi binolarning aksariyati, shu jumladan, Bay strit teatri shu davrda qurilgan. The torpedoes, which did not have exploding warheads, are occasionally found by divers on the bay floor.^[42]

Ikkinchi jahon urushi

Observation bunker rising above the shadbush at Shadmoor State Park

Coast Guard station at Amagansett where Germans came ashore

During World War II, coastal fortifications were set up along the eastern tip of Long Island at Montauk. A concrete observation tower as built next to the Montauk Lighthouse. 16 inch naval guns were placed in adjacent bunkers at Lager qahramoni. The observation tower is still next to the lighthouse and the additional bunkers are visible at Lager Qahramoni davlat bog'i shu qatorda; shu bilan birga Shadmur davlat bog'i.

On June 13, 1942, as part of Pastorius operatsiyasi four German agents led by George John Dasch were landed by U202 ^[43] at what is now Atlantic Avenue Beach (sometimes called Coast Guard Beach) in Amagansett. Confronted by Coast Guardsman John C. Cullen, they said they were Southampton fishermen. When one of the four said something in a foreign tongue, they offered him $300 to keep quiet.^[44] The agents disappeared into the night after he sought out his supervisor. When reinforcements arrived they discovered German cigarettes on the beach along with four heavy, waterproof oaken boxes buried in the sand filled with brick-sized blocks of high explosives, bombs disguised as lumps of coal, bomb-timing mechanisms of German make, and innocent-looking “pen-and-pencil sets” that were actually incendiary weapons.

The agents rode the Long Island Railroad into New York City and were ultimately captured along with four others who had come ashore at Jeksonvill, Florida. Six of the agents were to be executed.^[45]

In May 2007 the original Coast Guard station was moved to the property at the Town Marine Museum in Amagansett across the dunes from its original Atlantic Avenue beach location. The station was moved in 1966 to private property to save it from demolition by Joel Carmichael ^[46] The Marine Museum itself was the former barracks for the Coast Guard.

The Navy appropriated almost all of Montauk during the war for facilities including Montauk Manor which was used as a dormitory. Torpedoes were tested in Lake Montauk. Ships and dirigibles docked on Navy Road on Fort Pond Bay. The Navy was to find Fort Pond inhospitable since it was shallow. Dredging was to contribute to problems with flooding. After the war the Navy moved the residential section of Montauk which had been on the bay by the Long Island Rail station a mile to the south to get away from the flooding. One of the biggest legacies of the Navy presence was to be the dredging of Lake Montauk so that it replaced Fort Pond as Montauk's dock. The Coast Guard is now headquartered there on Star Island.

Sovuq urush

AN/FPS-35 radar

After the war, most of the military property was disposed of as surplus, except for gun emplacements at Lager qahramoni yonida Montauk Point dengiz chiroqlari. The camp was designated as an Havo kuchlari bazasi supporting a 135-foot (41 m)-wide radar (AN / FPS-35 ) in the early 1960s to detect potential bombers headed for New York City. The massive radar and supporting state-of-the-art computers quickly became obsolete. While the other radars in this category were torn down, the one on Montauk, was saved largely because it served as a better landmark than did the lighthouse for sailors and ships on Long Island Sound. The base was officially decommissioned in the 1980s. The support buildings now form a ghost town. The radar structure has been listed on the Tarixiy joylarning milliy reestri.

In 1992, Long Island residents Preston B. Nichols and Peter Moon published a ilmiy fantastika kitob, Montauk loyihasi: vaqt tajribalari. They suggested that the radar was used by the government to conduct time travel experiments. Some readers believe their sci-fi account is true. The base has become of cult interest among conspiracy buffs. It was featured in a segment of X-fayllar.

Hukumat

East Hampton town seal

The town has two governments, which sometimes are in conflict. The most visible town government is the elected Town Board, which consists of five people, including its head, the Town Supervisor. They are responsible for managing the taxes, roads, police, parks, zoning and general governance of the town. The Town Board was stablished by the State of New York in 1788. The government operates from a 13-acre (53,000 m²) campus on Pantigo Road.^[47]

The historic, original Town government is known as the Trustees of the Freeholders and Commonalty of the Town of East Hampton. Today it is formally responsible for day-to-day decisions related to common property in the town. The Trustees derive their power from the Dongan Patent of December 9, 1686, which set up self-governance for the town. The patent (a er granti ) establishing the trustees was an act by Tomas Dongan, the Royal Governor of New York.^[48] Among the common properties which the trustees operate is Georgica suv havzasi; they decide when the tidal pond is to be drained and filled. These actions often make headlines as they sometimes cause the flooding of basements of neighboring properties owned by celebrities. In 1998, the pond was drained a few days before President Bill Klinton was to spend his summer vacation at the home of Stiven Spilberg.

Since the late 20th century, the Town has often approved progressive social initiatives, including ichki sheriklik ro'yxatdan o'tish. In 1999, it imposed a 2 percent tax on residential real estate sales in excess of $250,000 for the purpose of buying open space for preservation.^[49] The money has been used in part to the Town's establishing more than 200 miles (320 km) of trails,^[50] shu jumladan Paumanok yo'li. Between 2002 and 2005, the tax raised $71 million.^[51] In 2006, the Town adopted a qorong'u osmon ordinance, which is now being considered as a model for wider use in New York State to cut down on light pollution at night.^[52]

Despite East Hampton's great wealth, its fire department and ambulance are both volunteer services, dependent on local full-time residents. In August 1998, President Bill Klinton was to give his weekend radio address from the Amagansett Volunteer Fire Station during his vacation.

The East Hampton town government campus with its house trailers on the left and the 19th- and 18th-century houses moved to the 10 acre campus for a "new" town hall in April 2007.

Although residences in the town are often featured in architectural magazines, the town offices have been housed for years in several double wide trailers on a lot, hidden from the street by a nondescript flat-roofed building. In 2006, the Town announced plans to convert its campus by adapting a collection of historic East Hampton buildings that had been moved over the course of 30 years to the 40-acre (160,000 m²) Further Lane home^[53] ning Adelaide de Menil, merosxo'r Schlumberger oil fortune. In 2006 it was announced that the new Town complex was to be designed by internationally known architect Robert A.M. Stern (who designed the East Hampton Library in 1997).

The transfer of the historic houses to the Town government site was part of the sale of the de Menil to financier Ron Baron for $103 million; in 2007 this was reported as the highest price ever paid for a single residence in United States history.^[54]

The township has aggressively pursued zoning ordinances to protect its residential and rural character. It has no chain tez ovqatlanish restoranlari va yoki katta qutilar do'konlari (unlike Southampton, which has numerous fast food chains and stores such as K-mart ). The village of East Hampton formerly also exercised a "no chain" rule. Since the mid-1990s, a Starbucks franchise site has opened (currently there is only one in the whole town) and a branch of Tiffany & Co.. Tiffany & Co. closed its store in 2014.

Politsiya

East Hampton Town Police Department
Abbreviation	EHTPD
Agentlik haqida umumiy ma'lumot
Xodimlar	80[55]
Yurisdiktsiya tarkibi
Operatsiyalar yurisdiksiyasi	East Hampton, New York, AQSH
Hajmi	386 square miles (1,000 km2)
Aholisi	32000 (2019)
Umumiy tabiat	Fuqarolik politsiyasi
Operatsion tuzilma
Bosh ofis	Wainscott, Nyu-York
Politsiya xodimlari	70
Traffic Control Officers	12[55]
Agentlik ijrochisi	Michael Sarlo, Boshliq
Veb-sayt
EHTPD Website

The East Hampton Town Police Department, commonly referred to as EHTPD, is a professional police organization responsible for primary jurisdictional law enforcement for the town. The headquarters are located at 131 Wainscott Northwest Road, Wainscott, NY 11975 (631) 537-7575. The East Hampton Town Police Department is headed by Chief Michael Sarlo^[56]

Demografiya

East Hampton town map from U.S. Census

Demographics in East Hampton were skewed by the fact that more than half the houses were owned as second homes (among the owners were some of the wealthiest people in the country).^[58] The East Hampton economy was based on retail and services to support the residential community.

Dan boshlab ro'yxatga olish^[59] of 2010, there were 21,457 people and 21,038 households residing in East Hampton. The aholi zichligi was 290.0 people per square mile (111.5/km²). There were 2,251 housing units at an average density of 403.6 per square mile (155.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 84.81% Oq, 26.38% Ispancha yoki Lotin tili of any race, 3.36% Qora yoki Afroamerikalik, 0.60% Tug'ma amerikalik, 1.32% Osiyo, 0.07% Tinch okean orollari, 8.33% from boshqa irqlar, va ikki yoki undan ortiq musobaqadan 1,50%.

Dan boshlab ro'yxatga olish^[59] of 2000, there were 1,445 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were turmush qurgan juftliklar birgalikda yashaganlar, 12,2% ayol bo'lmagan, erlari bo'lmagan, 39,0% oilaviy bo'lmaganlar. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Uy xo'jaliklarining o'rtacha soni 2,47 va oilalarning o'rtacha soni 3,07 edi.

Dan boshlab ro'yxatga olish^[59] of 2010, in the town the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 2.2% from 18 to 20, 5.1% from 20 to 24, 11.3% from 25 to 34, 21.5% from 35 to 49, 22.5% from 50 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. Har 100 ayolga 101,5 erkak to'g'ri kelgan.

Dan boshlab ro'yxatga olish^[59] of 2000, the median income for a household in the town was $52,201, and the median income for a family was $55,357. Males had a median income of $38,566 versus $29,750 for females. The jon boshiga daromad for the CDP was $25,725. 12.2% of the population and 10.3% of families were below the qashshoqlik chegarasi. Out of the total population, 20.5% of those under the age of 18 and 4.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Maxsus tadbirlar

One of the highlights of the summer is East Hampton Fire Department fireworks display at Main Beach, usually held the Saturday night closest to 4 iyul. The fireworks displays have generated controversy since 2005, when they were postponed because they were considered disruptive to the nearby nesting of the endangered truboprovod. In 2005, 2007, and 2008 the fireworks were postponed until Labor Day weekend to protect the birds' nesting season. The village administration has since postponed the fireworks display to Labor Day weekend indefinitely.

A big draw in the summer had also been the shark fishing tournaments in Montauk. 2007 yildan beri Insonparvarlik jamiyati and other animal welfare groups have protested that the tournaments are cruel to the sharks, as they are not being caught for food.^[60]

Har yozda Artists and Writers Softball Game, a charity benefit, is held. O'tgan o'yinchilar tarkibiga kiritilgan Jon Irving, Norman Mailer, Kurt Vonnegut, Dastin Xofman, Prezident Bill Klinton va qo'shiqchi Pol Simon.

Every October the town hosts the Xempton xalqaro kinofestivali, an event screening independent films in several local theaters. It has a fairly large draw from the Nyu-York shahri olomon.

Barefoot Contessa, a Food Network original show, is shot in East Hampton.

Communities and locations

Qishloqlar (shu jumladan)

• Sharqiy Xempton
• Sag Harbor, bilan baham ko'rdi Sautgempton shahri

Hamletlar (birlashtirilmagan)

• Amagansett
• Montauk
• Napeaga
• Buloqlar
• Wainscott

Aholini ro'yxatga olish uchun belgilangan joylar

In addition to the above, the United States Census has two locations using terms that are usually used by residents of the town:

• Sharqiy Xempton Shimoliy – the area just north of the village, known locally as Freetown, as it was founded in the 19th century by rangsiz odamlar jumladan, ba'zilari Montaukett kelib chiqishi.
• Shimoli-g'arbiy port – this area northwest of the village that is usually referred to locally as "Northwest" or "Northwest Woods." It has a harbor.

Shtat parklari

• Amsterdam plyajidagi davlat bog'i
• Lager Qahramoni davlat bog'i
• Hills shtat bog'i
• Montauk Downs shtat bog'i
• Montauk Point shtat bog'i
• Napeaga shtat bog'i
• Sag Harbor shtatidagi golf maydonchasi
• Shadmur davlat bog'i

Suffolk County parks

• Sidar Poynt okrugidagi park
• Teodor Ruzvelt okrugidagi park

Ta'lim

Clinton Academy

East Hampton does not have any colleges. The now disbanded Clinton Academy on Main Street was the first chartered Academy authorized by the New York State Board of Regents in 1784.^[61] Three high schools are in the Town:

• East Hampton High School, qismi East Hampton Union bepul maktab okrugi, and the principal school for the entire town outside of Sag Harbor. The school also serves the districts of Springs (which has an elementary school and a middle school) and Montauk (which has an elementary and middle school). Enrollment in 9–12 is 1,046.^[62] Uning maskotidir Bonakerlar, which derives its name from Accabonac Harbor at Springs. It is the only school to use a mascot of that name. 'Bonackers' are descendants of the original families who founded East Hampton.
• Pierson o'rta-o'rta maktabi, qismi Sag Harbor Union bepul maktab tumani, this 6–12 school is physically in East Hampton and serves Sag Harbor, which straddles a border with Southampton. Its enrollment is 502.^[63] Its mascot is the Whalers.
• Ross maktabi – The largest private school on the East End, the Ross School educates students from pre-school through 12th grade.^[64]

Amerikalik o'qituvchi Katarin Beecher was born in East Hampton.

Television stations in East Hampton

• WVVH-CD Hamptons TV, UHF Channel 50, the largest FCC licensed TV station in Suffolk County. It broadcasts from the East Hampton Airport industrial park in Wainscott.

• Local-access television broadcasts the two public access channels in East Hampton town, Ch 20 public access, and Ch 22 government and education. They are located at the LTV Studios in Wainscott.

Radio stations in East Hampton

Sharqiy Xempton

• WEHM 96.9 FM

Montauk

• WELJ 104.7 FM
• WEER 88.7 FM
• WEGB 90.7 FM
• WJJF 94.9 FM
• WBLQ 1230

Transport

Temir yo'l liniyalari

The Long Island temir yo'l yo'li 's sole line in the Town of East Hampton is the Montauk filiali, stantsiyalarni o'z ichiga oladi Sharqiy Xempton, Amagansett va Montauk.

Avtobus xizmati

The Town of East Hampton is served primarily by Suffolk tumani tranziti avtobus marshrutlari, garchi Xempton Jitni sayohat qilish uchun avtobuslar mavjud Nyu-York shahri.

Katta yo'llar

• Nyu-York shtati 27-yo'nalish
• Nyu-York shtati 114-yo'nalish
• 38-chi okrug yo'nalishi (Suffolk okrugi, Nyu-York)
• County Route 113 (Suffolk County, New York)
• 79-chi okrug yo'nalishi (Suffolk okrugi, Nyu-York)

Aeroportlar

The town of East Hampton contains the East Hampton Airport along the Southampton-East Hampton Town Line, and Montauk aeroporti on the northeast corner of Lake Montauk.

Paromlar

The sole ferry in the Town of East Hampton is a passenger ferry taking people across the Blok orolining ovozi between Montauk Harbor and either Blok oroli, Yangi London, yoki Eman Bluffs kuni Martaning uzumzori.

Shuningdek qarang

• National Register of Historic Places listings in East Hampton (town), New York
• Janubiy vilkalar shamol xo'jaligi

Adabiyotlar

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• "East Hampton" . Britannica entsiklopediyasi (11-nashr). 1911 yil.