Nyu-York Yankilar tarixi - History of the New York Yankees
The Nyu-York yankilarining tarixi Beysbolning oliy ligasi (MLB) jamoasi bir asrdan ko'proq vaqtni o'z ichiga oladi. Frenk J. Farrel va Uilyam Stiven Deyri an huquqlarini sotib oldi Amerika ligasi (AL) klubi keyin Nyu-York shahridagi 1902 yilgi mavsum. Nomi bilan tanilgan jamoa Yanki 1913 yilda sotib olinishdan oldin kamdan-kam AL chempionatiga da'vogarlik qildi himoyachi Go'dak Rut 1919 yilgi mavsumdan keyin. Rut bilan qatorga turish, Yankilar birinchi AL unvonini 1921 yilda qo'lga kiritgan, so'ngra birinchi Jahon seriyasi 1923 yilgi chempionat. Rut va birinchi boshlovchi Lou Gerig jamoaning bir qismi edi Qotillarning safi qatori, bu Yankilarni o'sha paytdagi AL-dagi 110 g'alabasi va 1927 yilda ketma-ket chempionligiga olib keldi Miller Xaggins. Ular 1928 yilda Jahon seriyasining g'oliblari sifatida takrorlanishdi va ularning navbatdagi unvonlari menejer tomonidan boshqarildi Djo Makkarti 1932 yilda.
Yankilar 1936 yildan 1939 yilgacha Jahon seriyasida Gehrig va yarim himoyachi ishtirok etgan jamoa bilan g'olib bo'lishdi. Djo DiMajjio, kim yozgan rekord seriya Nyu-Yorkning 1941 yilgi chempionat mavsumida. Nyu-York 1949 yildan 1953 yilgacha ketma-ket beshta chempionlikni yutib, oliy liga rekordini o'rnatdi va 1955 yildan 1964 yilgacha to'qqiz marta Jahon seriyasida ishtirok etdi. Mikki Mantl, Yogi Berra va Uayti Ford davrda Yanki tomonidan maydonga tushirilgan o'yinchilar orasida edi. 1964 yilgi mavsumdan so'ng, yoshi o'tib ketgan futbolchilarning o'rnini samarali almashtirishning etishmasligi maydonda franchayzaning pasayishiga olib keldi va jamoa egalari uchun pul yo'qotadiganga aylandi. CBS qarish paytida o'ynash paytida stadion.
Jorj Shtaynbrenner 1973 yilda klubni sotib oldi va muntazam ravishda yangi iste'dodlarga sarmoya kiritdi bepul agentlik eng yaxshi o'yinchilarni sotib olish. Yanki stadioni yangilangan va 1976 yilda raqobatdosh Yanki jamoasining uyi sifatida qayta ochilgan. Klublar o'rtasidagi kelishmovchiliklarga qaramay, jamoa 1976-1981 yillarda to'rt marotaba Jahon seriyasiga etib bordi va 1977 va 1978 yillarda chempionlikka da'vogarlik qildi. Nyu-York 1980-yillarda erkin agentlarni imzolash strategiyasini davom ettirdi, ammo unchalik muvaffaqiyatsizlikka erishdi va jamoa oxir-oqibat cho'kib ketdi. 1981 yildan keyin o'rtamiyona bo'lib qoldi. 1990-yillarning boshlarida ularning tarkibini kichik liga tizimidagi yosh futbolchilar atrofida qayta qurish bilan jamoa yaxshilanishni boshladi, shu jumladan. Derek Jeter va Mariano Rivera. 1995 yilda pley-off yo'llanmasini qo'lga kiritgandan so'ng, Yanki keyingi beshta Jahon seriyasining to'rttasida g'alaba qozondi va 1998-2000 jamoalari MLBda ketma-ket uchta ketma-ket g'oliblikni qo'lga kiritishdi.
2000 yillarga kelib, Yanki raqobat bilan Boston Red Sox tomonlar bir necha bor uchrashganligi sababli intensivligi oshdi Amerika ligasi chempionati seriyasi (ALCS), 2003 va 2004 yillardagi savdo g'alabalari. Nyu-York muntazam ravishda keyingi mavsumga etib bordi, lekin dastlabki ikki turda ko'pincha mag'lub bo'lishdi. 2009 yilda Yankilar a yangi Yanki stadioni va jamoa tarixida 27-marta Jahon seriyasida g'olib bo'ldi, bu MLB rekordidir. Yanki 2010-yillarda ALCSda to'rt marta paydo bo'lgan, ammo har safar mag'lub bo'lgan.
Ikkinchi jahon urushidan oldin
Ma'lumot: 1901-1902 yillar Baltimor Orioles
Oxirida 1900 yilgi beysbol mavsumi, G'arbiy Liga uning prezidenti tomonidan joylashtirilgan, Ban Jonson, tashkil etilganlar bilan raqobatlashadigan yangi oliy liga sifatida Milliy Liga (NL). Liga qayta tashkil qilindi va nomi o'zgartirildi Amerika ligasi (AL) va sakkizta shahar 1901 yilgi mavsumda jamoalarni maydonga tushirishdi. A Baltimor jamoasi orqali NLda o'ynagan edi 1899 yilgi mavsum, shundan so'ng klub liga tomonidan yopildi. Baltimor NLning uchta sobiq shaharlaridan biri edi, u erda AL o'z jamoalarini kam muxlislarni jalb qilish uchun joylashtirdi.[1] Yangi Oriollar birinchi menejer edi Jon McGraw, 1899 yilda oldingi Baltimor jamoasi bilan bir xil pozitsiyani egallagan; McGraw shuningdek egalik ulushiga ega edi.[2]
1901 yilda, ularning birinchi mavsumi, "Orioles" 68-65 hisobida g'alaba va mag'lubiyatni qayd etib, ALda beshinchi o'rinni egalladi.[3] Mavsum davomida Jonson va McGraw o'rtasida intizomiy masalalar bo'yicha ko'plab tortishuvlar bo'lib o'tdi keyingi yil.[4] Jonson NL bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri raqobatlashish uchun jamoani Nyu-York shahriga ko'chirishga qiziqqanligi haqida mish-mishlar tarqaldi. McGraw Oriolesni tark etdi va qo'shildi Nyu-York gigantlari ularning menejeri sifatida; u shartnoma doirasida Baltimor jamoasiga qiziqishini Giantsga o'tkazdi.[5] Bir nechta Oriol, shu jumladan Rojer Bresnaxan va Djo McGinnity - McGraw ketganidan keyin Gigantlarga qo'shildi va Giants Orioles aktsiyalarining aksariyat qismini qo'lga kiritdi. Liga jamoa boshqaruvini Gigantlardan qaytarib olishga muvaffaq bo'ldi; Oriollar etarli o'yinchilarni etishmasligi sababli o'yinni boy berishganidan so'ng,[6] Jonson muallifning so'zlariga ko'ra, jamoani "jadvalni ijro etish uchun boshqa jamoalar tomonidan berib yuborilgan o'yinchilar bilan to'ldirishni" buyurdi. Marti Appel.[7] "Orioles" turnir jadvalida ham, tashrif buyurganlar qatorida ham so'nggi o'rinni egalladi.[8]
AL va NL 1902 yilgi mavsumdan so'ng kelishuvni imzolashdi, bu esa ligadagi futbolchilar uchun kurashni tugatdi, bu esa ish haqining oshishiga olib keldi. Jonson Nyu-York shahrida AL jamoasini topish huquqini izladi, bu ligalar tinchlik shartnomasi doirasida berilgan. Uning maqsadi jamoaning Manxettenda o'ynashi edi, ammo bu fikrga Giants egasi qarshi chiqdi Jon T. Brush va sobiq egasi Endryu Fridman, shaharga ulanganlar Tammany zali siyosiy tashkilot. Bir necha Tammany Hall siyosatchilaridan oldin ular bir nechta potentsial stadion joylarini to'sib qo'yishdi, Frenk J. Farrel va Uilyam Stiven Deyri, Nyu-York franchayzasini ALda sotib oldi.[9] Juftlik to'ladi 18000 AQSh dollari jamoa uchun. Farrel va Devery Oriol qoldiqlarini sotib olib, Nyu-Yorkka ko'chirganmi yoki ular kengayish franshizasi.[10][eslatma 1] Bu yarim asr davomida MLB jamoalari tarkibidagi so'nggi o'zgarish bo'ldi.[13]
1903-1912: dastlabki yillar
Nyu-York jamoasi uchun maydoncha 165 va 168-ko'chalar oralig'ida qurilgan Broadway yilda Manxetten. Rasmiy ravishda American League Park nomi bilan tanilgan, unga laqab qo'yilgan Tepalik bog'i nisbatan baland balandligi tufayli.[14] Jamoa rasmiy laqabiga ega bo'lmagan; u ko'pincha Nyu-Yorkdagi amerikaliklar deb nomlangan. Klubning yana bir keng tarqalgan laqabi bu Highlanders edi, bu jamoa prezidenti Djo Gordonning familiyasi va Buyuk Britaniyaning harbiy bo'limi, Gordon Xaylanders.[15] Jamoa kabi futbolchilarni sotib oldi himoyachi Villi Kiler va krujka Jek Chesbro. Futbolchi-menejer edi Klark Griffit, dan olingan Chikago Uayt-Soks. 1903 yil 22 aprelda Tog'lar tog'lari boshlandi ularning mavsumi ga 3-1 yo'qotish bilan Vashington senatorlari; sakkiz kun o'tib, ular Hilltop Parkdagi birinchi o'yinida senatorlarni 6: 2 hisobida mag'lub etishdi. Nyu-York AL uchun kurashdan chiqib ketdi vimpel may oyida, stadion qurilishi tugaguniga qadar Hilltop Parkdan 24 kun davomida o'yin o'ynab, ettinchi o'ringa tushib ketdi. Sentyabr oyida o'tkazilgan 29 o'yinning 19tasida g'alaba qozonganidan so'ng 72-62 yakuniy rekord bilan to'rtinchi o'rinni egalladi.[16]
Chesbro 41 o'yinda g'alaba qozongan Nyu-Yorkning 1904 yilgi mavsumi, hali ham AL yozuvlari.[17] Nyu-York "AL" bayroqchasiga Bostonlik amerikaliklar (keyinchalik Qizil Sox laqabini oldi); Jonson Nyu-Yorkka yordam berib, jamoaga savdo-sotiq bo'yicha bir nechta o'yinchilarni, shu jumladan Bostonni sotib olishga yordam berdi Patsy Dougherty. Boston va Nyu-York o'zaro to'qnash kelishdi, mavsum tugaydigan besh o'yindan iborat seriyada g'oliblikni aniqladilar va 7-10 oktyabr kunlari o'ynaldi. Boston dastlabki uchta o'yinning ikkitasida g'alaba qozondi, demak, Nyu-York 10-oktabrga belgilangan AL musobaqasida g'olib bo'lish uchun rejalashtirilgan ikkita bahsda g'alaba qozonishi kerak edi. To'qqizinchi davrada birinchi o'yin natijasi 2: 2 hisobi tenglashgani bois, Chesbro a yovvoyi balandlik bu yuguruvchini yoqishga imkon berdi uchinchi asos gol urish, Bostonga 3: 2 hisobida g'alaba qozonib, AL vimpelini qo'lga kiritdi; Endi ma'nosiz ikkinchi o'yinda Nyu-York g'alaba qozondi.[18]
Nyu-Yorkning faoliyati pasayib ketdi 1905 yilda Ko'p sonli krujkalar qo'llarning shikastlanishi va konditsionerlik masalalari bilan shug'ullanganligi sababli. May oyida o'tkazilgan 25 o'yinning 18 tasida mag'lub bo'lgan tog'liklar mavsumni oltinchi o'rinda yakunlashdi.[19] Yilda uning 1906 yilgi mavsumi, Nyu-York yana AL chempionatiga da'vogarlik qildi. 13 o'yin qolganida, jamoa "White Sox" ustidan bir o'yin farqi bilan ustunlik qildi, ammo Chikagodan uch o'yin orqada ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi.[20] Appelning so'zlariga ko'ra, "yomon mavsumlarga vasatlik va Nyu-Yorkning beysbol ixlosmandlari uchun juda yaxshi diqqatga sazovor joy bo'lmaydi".[21] Nyu-York beshinchi o'rinni qayd etdi 1907 yilda, 70 g'alaba bilan, liga chempionidan 22 ta kam Detroyt Tigers.[22] The 1908 va 1909 ta jamoa navbati bilan oxirgi va beshinchi o'rinlarni egalladi va bu davrda bir nechta boshqaruv o'zgarishlari yuz berdi.[23]
Nyu-York ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi 1910 yilda, lekin bayroq uchun jiddiy kurash olib bormadi. Menejer Jorj Stallings va birinchi boshlovchi Hal Chase, jamoa kapitan, mavsum oxiriga kelib to'qnashdi; menejerlikdan ketishini istagan Ban Jonsonning qarshiligiga duch kelgan Stallings bu lavozimni tark etdi. Chez Nyu-Yorkning so'nggi 14ta o'yinini boshqargan.[24] Keyingi mavsum, Nyu-York oltinchi o'rinni egalladi.[25] Mavsum boshida Nyu-York Giants-ga Giants stadionidan keyin Hilltop Parkda o'ynashga ruxsat berdi. Polo asoslari, yonib ketgan; kelishuv qayta tiklangan Polo Grounds ochilganda, 28 iyungacha davom etdi.[26] Chase avval menejerlik lavozimidan ketgan Nyu-Yorkning 1912 yilgi mavsumi; Garri Vulverton lavozimni qabul qildi.[27] O'sha yili Nyu-York 50-102 ko'rsatkich bilan so'nggi o'rinni egalladi, bu g'alaba qozonish foizi .329, klub uchun eng past ko'rsatkich.[28]
Nyu-York shahridagi birinchi mavsumlaridan so'ng, jamoaviy mulk kamdan-kam hollarda yangi o'yinchilarga sarmoya kiritdi. Farrell va Devery kompaniyalarining mulk guruhi o'z pullarini qimor o'ynash kabi shaxsiy ishlariga sarfladilar va ularni jamoaga kiritish uchun ozgina mablag 'qoldirdilar. Nyu-Yorkning yulduz o'yinchisi Chayz tez-tez qimor o'ynaydiganlar bilan kelishib oldi. Muallif Jim Raysler o'yinlarni fiksatsiya qilishda qatnashgani haqidagi xabarlar tufayli uni "hozirgi kungacha eng qiyshiq o'yinchi" deb nomlagan.[29] Shuningdek, klub muxlislarni Hilltop Parkga jalb qilishda qiynaldi.[30] Appel "ballpark haqida aytishingiz mumkin bo'lgan eng yaxshi narsa bu uning hech qachon yonib ketmasligi bo'lishi mumkin" deb yozgan.[31] 1912 yilgi mavsum oxiriga kelib, Farrel yangi stadion qurish uchun joy qidirmoqda.[32]
1913–1920: Baba Rutning yangi egaligi va sotib olinishi
Nyu-York Polo Grounds-da uy o'yinlarini 1913 yilda Gigantlarning ijarachilari sifatida o'ynashni boshladi.[33] Oldin 1913 yilgi mavsum, jamoa birinchi marta rasmiy taxallusga ega bo'ldi. Yoki "yankilar" yoki "yanklar" 1904 yildan beri gazetalarda tez-tez ishlatib turilgan Nyu-York Evening Journal, chunki "Tog'liklar" sarlavhalarga mos tushishi qiyin edi.[34] Bunday norasmiy taxalluslar o'sha davrda keng tarqalgan edi,[15] ammo keyinchalik rasmiy nomi paydo bo'ldi - Nyu-York Yanki.[35]
Uchinchi oliy liga Federal Liga (FL), 1914 yilda o'ynashni boshladi va ikki yil davom etdi. Yankilar muxlislar uchun to'g'ridan-to'g'ri raqobat bilan kurashishlariga to'g'ri kelmasa ham, FL Nyu-York shahridagi franchayzasini Manxetten o'rniga Bruklindagi joylashtirishni tanladi,[36] jamoa etakchi krujkani deyarli yo'qotib qo'ydi Rey Kolduell 1914 yilgi mavsumdan keyin raqib ligasiga.[37] Yankilar 1913 yilda ettinchi va 1914 yilda oltinchi o'rinni egallab,[38] Farrel va Devery jamoani pivo zavodi magnatiga sotdilar Jeykob Ruppert va avvalgi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi muhandis Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Xuston.[39] Yankilar o'tgan 10 yil ichida kamdan-kam foyda keltirgan va ularning qarzlari 20000 AQSh dollarini tashkil etgan.[40] Savdo 1915 yil 11-yanvarda yakunlandi, chunki bu juftlik 460 ming dollar to'lagan. Ruppert jamoani "o'z uyi bo'lmagan, ajoyib qobiliyatli futbolchilarsiz, obro'siz etim to'p klubi" deb atadi.[41] Yangi egalar klubning iste'dod darajasini oshirish uchun bemalol mablag 'sarflamoqchi edilar va katta xaridni amalga oshirdilar 1915 yilda, krujka sotib olish Bob Shoki dan Filadelfiya yengil atletikasi. Shunga qaramay, "Yanki" ning 69 g'alabasi chempionatdagi beshinchi o'rin uchun kifoya qildi.[42] Highlanders yillarida turli xil dizaynlarni kiyib olganlaridan so'ng, 1915 yilda yankilar Polo Groundsdagi o'yinlarda pinstripes va interlocking "NY" logotipi bilan oq formalarni taqdim etdilar; bu bugungi kunda ularning uy kiyimlari dizayni bo'lib qolmoqda. Yo'l o'yinlari uchun jamoa 1913 yildan boshlab "Nyu-York" ko'kragi bo'ylab kulrang formalarni kiyishni boshladi; yankilar hanuzgacha shunga o'xshash kiyim kiyishadi.[43][44]
Uchinchi bazeman sotib olingandan so'ng Frank "Home Run" Beyker yengil atletika,[45] The 1916 yankilar 80 g'alabaga erishdi va mavsumning aksariyat qismida AL vimpendiga da'vogarlik qildi, undan oldin asosiy futbolchilar, shu qatorda Beyker ham ko'p jarohat oldi.[46] In Yankilarning 1917 yilgi mavsumi, Nyu-York oltinchi o'rinni egalladi; Bill Donovan, 1915 yildan buyon klub menejeri ishdan bo'shatilgan.[47] Ruppert uni o'rniga qo'ydi Miller Xaggins, Xuston Birinchi Jahon urushida chet elda jang qilayotganda ijarani tugatgan.[48] Yankilar urushda qisqartirilgan birinchi o'rin uchun kurashdilar 1918 yilgi kampaniya Red Sox bilan birga Klivlend hindulari, ammo ko'plab o'yinchilarni harbiy xizmatda yo'qotdi va 60-63 yoshida to'rtinchi o'rinni egalladi.[49] Mavsum tugagandan so'ng, yankilar uchta futbolchini sotib olishdi, shu qatorda yarim himoyachi Duffy Lyuis va krujka Erni Shor - Red Sox bilan savdoda, g'oliblar 1918 yilgi jahon seriyasi. 1919 yilda klub "Boston" bilan yana bir savdo-sotiqni amalga oshirdi va ko'za sotib oldi Karl Meys ikki futbolchi uchun va 40 ming dollar. Mavsum o'rtasidagi kelishuv jamoalar va Ban Jonson o'rtasida kelishmovchilikni keltirib chiqardi, ular uni to'sib qo'yishga muvaffaq bo'lmadi.[50] Mays Yanki sifatida 9-3 pitching rekordiga ega edi va jamoa 80-59 gacha yaxshilandi mavsum; bu belgi OLda uchinchisi uchun yaxshi edi.[51]
1919 yilgi mavsum yakkilar yakshanba kunlari Polo Groundsda o'yinlar o'tkazgan birinchi mavsum edi; shu vaqtgacha, ko'k qonunlar Nyu-York shtatida yakshanba kuni beysbol o'ynashni taqiqlagan edi. Yankilarning tashrifi 1919 yilda ikki martadan ko'proq oshdi va taxminan 619 ming kishiga etdi.[52] Tez orada Giants yakka uy o'yinlarini ko'proq ta'minlash uchun Yankilarni Polo Groundsdan chiqarib yuborishga harakat qildi.[53] 1919 yil 26-dekabrda Yankilar Red Sox bilan tashqi himoyachi sotib olish to'g'risida shartnoma tuzdilar Go'dak Rut uchun 25000 dollar naqd va 75000 dollar veksellar. 1920 yil 5-yanvarda e'lon qilingan bitim muallif Glenn Stout tomonidan "sportdagi eng mashhur bitim" deb nomlangan.[54] 1918 yilda MLBni yengil atletika bilan etakchilik qilish uchun bog'lab qo'ygandan so'ng Tilli Uoker (11 bilan), Rut 1919 yilda 29 bilan bitta mavsumdagi rekordni yangiladi.[55] Shu bilan birga, u o'zining yillik ish haqi miqdorini ikki baravar oshiradigan yangi shartnoma izladi.[56] Savdo-sotiqdan so'ng, Boston 2004 yilgacha boshqa Jahon chempionatida g'olib chiqmadi; deb nomlanuvchi Red Sox-ga qarshi da'vo qilingan jin Bambinoning la'nati (Rut taxallusidan keyin), birinchi bo'lib ular yo'qolganida tarbiyalangan 1986 yilgi Jahon seriyasi va keyin keng muhokama qilindi Dan Shahesnessy sarlavhali kitob muallifi bo'lgan.[57] Stoutning so'zlariga ko'ra, bitim "qanday qilib har doim Red Sox uchun yomon va Yanki uchun to'g'ri kelishini" ramzi bo'ldi.[58]
Rut safda bo'lganida, Yanki omadlari o'zgargan.[59] To'rtinchi jahon chempioni jamoalarida o'ynash,[60] Rut uydagi 659 ta zarbani urdi va Yanki bilan 1959 ta gol urdi; ikkala belgi ham jamoaviy yozuvlar 2020 yilga kelib. U klub tarixida 1,978 bilan ikkinchi o'rinda turadi qoqilgan va Yanki sifatida 2518 xit to'plagan, bu jamoaning barcha vaqtlar ro'yxatida uchinchi o'rinda turadi.[61] Maydonda jasorat bilan bir qatorda, Rut hayotdan kattaroq xarakterga ega edi, unga va uning jamoasiga katta miqdordagi matbuot va jamoatchilik e'tiborini jalb qildi.[62] Rutning qo'shilishi Yankilarga tashrif buyurishni 1.289.422 gacha oshirishga yordam berdi 1920 yilgi mavsum; bu har qanday MLB jamoasi bir yil ichida milliondan ortiq muxlisni jalb qilgan birinchi holat edi.[63] Uning mahorati va jozibasi Nyu-York shahri aholisining katta qismini jalb qildi; Stout "U hammaga tegishli edi" deb yozgan.[64] Nyu-York, Rutning 15 mavsumi davomida 13 ta jamoasi bilan ALga tashrif buyurgan etakchisi edi; Yanki 1920 yilda 370 ming dollardan ko'proq daromad olib, o'n yil davomida qora tanli bo'lib qoldi.[65]
1920 yilda Rut yangi rekord uchun 54 ta uy egasini urdi; uning umumiy miqdori boshqa barcha MLB jamoalariga qaraganda yuqori edi, ammo Filadelfiya Filliz. Nyu-York 95 g'alabani qo'lga kiritdi, bu jamoa tarixidagi eng ko'p g'alaba, ammo AL chempionatidan uch g'alaba kam bo'lib, uchinchi o'rinni egalladi.[66] 16-avgust kuni hindularga qarshi o'yinda Meysning bir pog'onasi hindularni to'xtatib qo'ydi Rey Chapman boshida, uning o'limiga olib keladi; Yankilar voqeadan keyin Klivlend vimpelni qo'lga kiritganlarida pastga tushishdi.[67] Mavsumdan keyin Yankilar bosh menejerni yollashdi Ed Barrou Red Soxdan. Barrou o'zining sobiq klubi bilan ko'plab savdo-sotiqlarni amalga oshirdi, shu jumladan ketganidan keyin darhol ushlagichni olib keldi Wally Schang va krujka Waite Hoyt Nyu-Yorkka.[68] Yankilar, shuningdek, Ban Jonson bilan yana bir munozarada ishtirok etishdi, bu safar beysbolning amaldagi boshqaruv organi - Milliy komissiyani almashtirish masalasida, bu haqda xabarlar chiqqanidan keyin. 1919 yilgi jahon seriyasi tuzatilgan edi. Yankilar va boshqa 10 ta franchayzalar, shu jumladan butun NL - uch kishilik qo'mita g'oyasini MLB yuguradigan tashqi beysboldan jalb qilinganligini qo'llab-quvvatladilar va bir muncha vaqt yankilarning NLga ko'chib o'tishi haqida mish-mishlar tarqaldi; oxir-oqibat, hakam Kenesaw Mountain Landis MLBning birinchisi deb topildi komissar.[69]
1921–1928: Birinchi Jahon seriyasidagi g'alaba va qotillarning safi
The 1921 yilgi mavsum muallif Richard Vortning so'zlariga ko'ra, "yankilar" sportda eng katta barqaror "imperiya" bo'lgan 44 yillik davrni boshladilar.[70] Rut uy rekordlarini 59 marta urib, o'z rekordini ortda qoldirdi. Shuningdek, u MLBni boshqargan bazaviy foiz mavsum uchun .512 belgisi bilan.[71] Yankilar birinchi marotaba muntazam ravishda 98 ta o'yinda g'alaba qozonib, AL bayrog'ini qo'lga kiritishdi; Umumiy hisobda ularga liga chempionligini marj bilan taqdim etdi4 1⁄2 Klivlend ustidan o'yinlar. To'qqizning eng yaxshisi 1921 yilgi jahon seriyasi, ular Gigantlar bilan to'qnash kelishdi va dastlabki ikki o'yinda g'alaba qozonishdi, ammo keyingi oltita o'yinning beshtasida g'alaba qozonganlarida raqiblari Seriya nomiga da'vogar bo'lishdi. Rut qo'lni yuqtirgan, bu Seriyaning keyingi qismida o'ynash vaqtini cheklagan.[72] U va Bob Meusel mavsumda ko'rgazmali o'yinlarda qatnashgan, MLB qoidalariga zid ravishda vimpend g'olib jamoalar tarkibidagi o'yinchilarni taqiqlagan. barnstorming Jahon seriyasidan keyin. Mavsumga diskvalifikatsiya qilish ehtimoli ko'rib chiqildi, ammo Landis juftlikni olti haftaga to'xtatib qo'yishga qaror qildi.[73] Omadsizlikka qaramay, Nyu-York 94 g'alabaga erishdi va yana AL chempioni sifatida takrorlandi. The Sent-Luis Brauns Nyu-Yorkdan bitta o'yinni ortda qoldirib, eng yaqin ta'qibchilar edi. In Jahon seriyasi, Yankilar yana Nyu-Yorkdagi matchda Giants bilan to'qnash kelishdi; Seriya o'sha yili ettita formatga almashtirildi. Gigantlar beshta o'yinda yankilarni mag'lub etishdi, shu jumladan, zulmat sababli to'xtatib qo'yilganda durang bilan tugagan.[74]
1923 yilga kelib, jamoalar Giants egasi sifatida endi Polo Grounds bilan bo'lishmaydilar Charlz Stounxem 1920 yilda Yankilarni haydab chiqarishga urinib ko'rgan edi.[75] va Stoneham va Yankees egalari ikki yillik ijara shartnomasini yangilashga kelishib oldilar,[76] gigantlar Yankilarga 1922 yildan keyin muddatni uzaytirishga qaror qildilar.[77] Muomala Yanki-ni o'z stadionini qidirishga undadi. 1921 yilda jamoa er uchastkasini sotib oldi Bronks va qurilish ekipaji 1923 yilgi mavsumgacha yangi ballparkni tugatdi.[78] Yanki stadioni, uch qavatli bino, dastlab 55000 dan ortiq tomoshabinni qabul qilishga mo'ljallangan edi; keyinchalik u 70 mingdan ortiqni ushlab tura oldi.[79] Yozuvchi Piter Karino stadionni "beysbol jamoasi uchun hali qurilgan narsalardan kattaroq va ta'sirchan inshoot" deb atagan.[80] 1923 yil 18-aprelda "Yanki" stadionining ochilish o'yinida Rut stadiondagi birinchi uy o'yinini urdi, u sport muallifi Fred Lib "Rut qurgan uy" deb nomlangan, chunki Yankilar Rut tomonidan boshqariladigan ishtirokisiz bunday katta stadionga muhtoj emas edilar. Rutning o'zi 1922 yilgi Jahon seriyasidagi chiqishlari uchun qattiq tanqidga uchraganidan keyin qayta tiklandi. U MLB peshqadamligini o'rtoqlashdi Cy Uilyams ichida 41 ta uy yugurishini urib 1923 yilgi mavsum Va eng yaxshi martaba edi .393 urish o'rtacha; uning ishlashi unga erishdi ALning eng qimmat o'yinchisi (MVP) mukofoti.[81][82] Yankilar ketma-ket uchinchi yil birinchi o'rinni egallab, yana Giants bilan to'qnash kelishdi 1923 yilgi Jahon seriyasi. Gigantlar hujumchisi Keysi Stengel Butunjahon seriyasining dastlabki uchta o'yinidan ikkitasida g'alaba qozongan uy uchrashuvlari, ammo Rutning uchta uyindan tashqari o'yinlari Yankilarga MLBning birinchi g'olibligi uchun oltita o'yinda g'alaba qozonishiga yordam berdi.[83] Maydondan tashqarida Ruppert Xustonning "Yanki" lardagi ulushini klubga to'liq egalik qilishni o'z zimmasiga olib, 1,25 million dollarga sotib oldi.[84]
Yanki keyingi ikki mavsumning birida ham Jahon seriyasiga qaytmadi. 1925 yilga kelib Nyu-York ettinchi o'ringa tushib ketdi.[85] O'sha yil jamoaning so'nggi yili bo'ldi yutqazayotgan mavsum 1965 yilgacha; 39 yillik yutuqlar seriyasi MLB rekordidir.[86] Lou Gerig 1925 yilda boshlang'ich birinchi bosh murabbiyga aylandi va deyarli 15 yil davomida tark etmaslik uchun tarkibda joy topdi, o'sha paytdagi rekord ketma-ket o'yinlar seriya o'ynadi.[87] Yankilar ilgari ko'proq iste'dodlarni yangilashgan ularning 1926 yilgi mavsumi tarkibiga infielerning imzosi kiritilgan Toni Lazzeri, klub bilan o'n yildan ko'proq vaqt o'tkazgan. Nyu-Yorkning maydondagi ko'rsatkichi mavsumoldi mavsumi kutganidan ustun keldi va may oyida 16 o'yindan iborat g'alabali seriya jamoaga katta etakchilik qildi. Hindistonliklar ustidan uch o'yinlik yakuniy farq bilan yankilar vimpel va g'oliblikni qo'lga kiritishdi 1926 yilgi jahon seriyasi qarshi Sent-Luis kardinallari.[88] Yankiliklar ketma-ket 3–2 peshqadamlikni qo'lga kiritgandan so'ng, Kardinallar Yanki stadionidagi so'nggi ikki o'yinda g'alaba qozonib, ketma-ket g'oliblikni qo'lga kiritishdi. To'rtinchi o'yinda Rut uchta uy zarbasini urdi, ammo finalga erishdi chiqib ketma-ketligi muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi o'g'irlangan taglik urinish.[89]
Yankilar safi 1927 yilgi mavsum Rut, Gehrig, Lazzeri, Meusel, Mark Koenig va Earle taroqlari sifatida tanilgan Qotillarning safi uning kuchini urish uchun. Jamoa turnir jadvalida peshqadamlik qildi.[90] Yanki may oyining boshlarida birinchi o'rinni egallashdi va iyun oyining oxiriga kelib AL reytingida katta etakchilikni qo'lga kiritib, 49-20 rekord o'rnatdi; sentyabr oyining o'rtalariga kelib, ular bayroqni tortib olishdi.[91] 1927 yankilar muntazam mavsumda 110-44 rekord qayd etishgan va bir yilda yutuqlar bo'yicha AL rekordini yangilashgan.[92] Rutning jami 60 ta yugurish musobaqasi 34 yil davomida qayd etilgan bir mavsumlik uy rekordini o'rnatdi.[55] Gehrig uyga 47 ta yugurishni qo'shdi va uning 175 RBI raqami ALning tepasida; u o'zining ikkita AL MVP mukofotidan birinchisini yutdi.[93] Yankilar mavsumni oxirigacha yakunladilar supurish The Pitsburg qaroqchilari ichida 1927 yilgi jahon seriyasi.[94] 1927 yankilar tarkibi beysbol tarixidagi buyuk jamoalar qatoriga kiritilgan.[95]
Boshlash uchun 1928 yilgi mavsum, yankilar 34-8 yugurishda qatnashib, katta etakchilikni qo'lga kiritishdi. Yengil atletika ularni mavsum oxiriga qadar AL bayrog'iga sazovor qildi, ammo Nyu-York yana chempionlikni qo'lga kiritdi va Kardinallar ichida 1928 yilgi jahon seriyasi, ularni to'rtta o'yinda supurib tashladi. 54 ta uyda ishlaydigan muntazam mavsumda Rut yana uchta va seriyadagi o'rtacha .625 marta urishgan, Gehrig esa to'rt marta uyushtirgan holda .545ga erishgan.[96] Yanki uchta to'g'ri ligada va ikkita Jahon seriyasida g'olib chiqqanidan so'ng, boshqa jamoalarning muxlislari tomonidan tanqidlar paydo bo'ldi va ular jamoaning ustunligini rad etishdi. "Yankilarni tarqatib yuboring!" qilingan va tanqidchilar jamoa Gehrigni uni Rutdan ajratish uchun sotishiga umid qilishgan; Ruppert buni rad etdi.[97]
1929-1935 yillar: Jou Makkarti va Rutning otishma deb nomlangan xodimlarini yollash
Yankilarning bayroqlari ko'tarilish bilan buzildi Filadelfiya yengil atletikasi to'rtinchi ketma-ket AL chempionligini rad etgan Yanki 1929 yilda.[98] Jamoa menejeri Xaggins 25 sentyabrda vafot etdi. Keyin Art Fletcher yil oxirigacha muvaffaq bo'lgan, Shawkey uchun o'rnini egalladi 1930 yilgi mavsum, unda Yankilar uchinchi o'rinni egallashdi.[99] Yanki Fletcherni ishdan bo'shatdi va yollandi Djo Makkarti; uning ichida birinchi mavsum menejer sifatida jamoa 94 o'yinda g'alaba qozondi, ammo engil atletikadan keyin ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi.[100] Makkarti jamoasi Murderers Row-dan o'tayotgan edi; yangi ishtirokchilar kiritilgan Bill Dikki, 1928 yilda birinchi Yanki tarkibida o'ynagan va krujkalar Qizil Ruffing va Lefty Gomes.[101] Nyu-Yorkka sotilishidan oldin Red Sox bilan 39-96 marta rekord o'rnatgan Ruffing, Yankees karerasida 231-124 yillarda yakun topdi.[102]
1932 yilda, Makkartining "Yanki" si 107 g'alaba bilan "AL" cho'qqisiga qaytdi, bu "Atletika" ustidan 13 o'yin farqi uchun etarli.[103] Yankilar uchrashdi Chikagodagi bolalar ichida 1932 yilgi Jahon seriyasi va ularni to'rtta o'yinni hech kimga o'tkazmadi. Gehrig uchta uy uchrashuvi, sakkizta RBI va seriya bo'yicha o'rtacha .529 urish ko'rsatkichiga ega edi, Rut esa Chikagodagi uchinchi o'yinda bir juftlik evaziga o'z hissasini qo'shdi. Wrigley Field. Rutning uyidan ikkinchisi edi uning "chaqirilgan o'qi"; O'yindan keyingi matbuotning ba'zi xabarlariga ko'ra, markaziy maydon stendlari tomon ishora qilgandan so'ng, Rut beshinchi taymda 4-4 hisobini buzishga umid qildi. Hodisa haqidagi ma'lumotlar juda xilma-xil bo'lsa-da, muallif Erik Enders uyni "beysbol tarixidagi eng ko'p gapirilgan xit" deb atagan.[104]
Yanki 1933 yilda ish haqini qisqartirishni boshladi, chunki moliyaviy holat Buyuk Depressiya tufayli qiyinlashdi. Nima bo'lishidan qat'iy nazar, jamoaning tarkibiga Atletika bilan solishtirganda minimal ta'sir ko'rsatdi, ular xarajatlarni pasaytirish uchun asosiy o'yinchilarni sotishga majbur bo'lishdi.[105] 1933 yildan 1935 yilgacha yankilar ketma-ket ikkinchi o'rinni egallashdi.[106] Rutning ishi avvalgi mavsumlarga nisbatan pasayib ketdi 1933 yilda va 1934, uning jamoa bilan so'nggi yillari. Yankillar Rutni shartnomadan oldin ozod qilishdi 1935 yilgi mavsum va Gehrig klub uchun etakchilik rolini o'ynadi; unga ism berilgan Nyu-York sardori.[107] Nyu-Yorkda futbolchilarni sotib olish xarajatlarini kamaytirish maqsadida kichik liga jamoalarini sotib olish tashabbusi natijalarini ko'rishni boshlagan edi; 1929 yilda birinchi kichik liga klubini sotib olgandan so'ng, Yanki 1937 yilga kelib 15 ta jamoaviy tizimga ega edi. fermer xo'jaligi tizimi 1930 yillarning o'rtalaridan boshlab Yanki tarkibiga kirdi va 1960 yillarning boshlarida bu jamoaning asosiy futbolchi sotib olish usuli bo'lib qoldi.[108] Makkarti ruhiy diqqat va maydon tashqarisidagi kiyinish kabi sohalarda futbolchi xatti-harakatlarini tartibga solish ustida ishlagan; Yankilar ko'p yillar davomida saqlab kelgan "korporativ imidj" ga ega bo'lishdi.[109]
1936–1941: yangilangan hukmronlik
Nyu-Yorkning 1936 yilgi mavsumi edi Djo DiMajjoningniki birinchi navbatda klub bilan. Yosh markaz o'yinchisi 1934 yilda imzolangan Tinch okean sohil ligasi "s San-Fransisko shtatlari va 1936 yilda Yankilar bilan debyut qildi va Seals bilan qo'shimcha yillik tajribaga ega bo'ldi. DiMaggio yangi boshlang'ich mavsumida o'rtacha .323, o'rtacha 29 marta uyushtirgan va 125 RBI bo'lgan. Gehrig o'zining mavsumi uchun AL MVP mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi, u karerada eng yuqori ko'rsatkichga ega bo'lgan 49 ta uy egasi .354 ta o'rtacha urish ko'rsatkichi va 152 RBI bilan. Ushbu namoyishlar ortida Yanki 102-g'alabali mavsumni o'tkazdi va AL-ning bayroqchasini yutdi, oldin Giantsni mag'lubiyatga uchratdi. 1936 yilgi Jahon seriyasi, to'rttadan ikkitaga.[110] Ikkinchi ketma-ket 102-g'alabadan so'ng muntazam mavsum va AL chempionatida 1937 yilgi mavsum, Yankilar yana Giantsni mag'lubiyatga uchratishdi Seriya - bu safar 4: 1 hisobida g'alaba qozondi.[111] The 1938 yankilar bir seriya davomida 61 o'yinda 48 g'alabaga erishdi va Gehrigning kaltaklash ko'rsatkichlari pasayganiga qaramay, jamoaning uchinchi to'g'ri AL chempionligini qo'lga kiritdi. In 1938 yilgi Jahon seriyasi, Yankilar supurib tashladilar Chikagodagi bolalar to'rtta o'yinda. Ruppert 1939 yil boshida vafot etdi; vafotidan oldin u Yanki prezidenti lavozimini egallagan Barrouga egalik foizlarini sotdi.[112] Moliyaviy jihatdan klubning mavqei o'n yillikning boshidan yaxshilandi; 1931 yildan 1935 yilgacha 170 ming dollar atrofida aniq zarar ko'rgandan so'ng, jamoa keyingi to'rt yil ichida 1 million dollardan ko'proq pul ishlab topdi.[113]
The 1939 yankilar mavsum boshida Gerig xizmatlaridan mahrum bo'ldi. Yilni yomon boshlaganidan so'ng, uning o'rnini egalladi Go'dak Dahlgren, ketma-ket 2130 o'yin o'tkazgan seriyasiga yakun yasab; keyinchalik unga tashxis qo'yilgan amiotrofik lateral skleroz, bu uni nafaqaga chiqishga majbur qildi.[114] Gehrigni yo'qotganiga qaramay, Nyu-York 1939 yilda 106 g'alabani qo'lga kiritgan jamoani maydonga tushirdi, bu ikkinchi o'rinni egallagan jamoadan 17 taga ko'p. DiMaggio liganing eng yaxshi futbolchisi deb topildi; u o'rtacha urish bo'yicha (.381) ALga etakchilik qildi va RBIda ikkinchi bo'ldi (126). Ruffing 20 g'alaba bilan Yanki krujkalarini boshqargan. In 1939 yilgi Jahon seriyasi, Yankilar supurib tashladilar Cincinnati Reds ketma-ket to'rtinchi ketma-ket chempionlik uchun to'rtta o'yinda.[115] Yozuvchilar 1936–39 yillardagi Yanki mavsumidagi va Jahon seriyasidagi o'yinlaridagi muvaffaqiyatlari uchun olqishlarga sazovor bo'lishdi; Stout 1939 yilgi tarkibni "ajoyib" deb yozgan va ularning kampaniyasi Gehrig safdan chiqib ketishidan tashqari, "umuman dramasiz" bo'lgan.[116] Yankilar hukmronligiga javoban, 1939 yilgi mavsumdan so'ng, AL Nyu-Yorkning o'z ro'yxatini yaxshilashiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun so'nggi vimpel g'olibi va boshqa liga jamoalari o'rtasidagi ko'plab operatsiyalarni vaqtincha taqiqlab qo'ydi.[117] Yankilarning chempionatlar seriyasi yakunlandi 1940 yilda; jamoa o'tgan mavsumga qaraganda 18 ta ko'proq mag'lubiyatga uchradi va yo'lbarslardan ikki o'yin orqada, ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi.[118]
DiMaggio ketma-ket 56 o'yinda asosiy zarbalarni qayd etdi davomida Yanki uchun 1941 yilgi mavsum, 1897 yilda Villi Kiler tomonidan o'rnatilgan 44 ta o'yinning MLB rekordini yangilash. Uning zarba 15 mayda boshlangan va 17 iyulgacha davom etgan, o'shanda DiMajgio hindularga qarshi o'yin paytida zarbani qayd eta olmagan. Klivlend stadioni.[119] AL vimnellini qo'lga kiritgandan so'ng, yankilar Bruklin Dodjers ichida 1941 yilgi Jahon seriyasi, beshta o'yinda ustunlik qilmoqda. 4-o'yinda Yanki to'qqizinchi bor 4-3 ni ortda qoldirdi va qachon mag'lub bo'lish arafasida edi Tommi Henrix urib tashladi; Dodgers tutuvchisi Mikki Ouen edi maydonni maydonga tushira olmayapti, Henrixning bazaga etib borishiga imkon beradi. Bu to'rtta o'yinda g'olib chiqqan mitingni boshladi va Nyu-York ertasi kuni 5-o'yinda chempionlikni qo'lga kiritdi.[120]
Ikkinchi jahon urushi erkin agentlikka
1942-1947: Stengelgacha bo'lgan davr
The Perl-Harborga hujum mavsumda sodir bo'lgan va ba'zi beysbolchilar darhol Qurolli Kuchlarga qo'shilishgan. Yankilar ro'yxatining ko'p qismi jamoada qoldi 1942 yilda, va Gomes ketganiga qaramay, klub AL chempioni sifatida takrorlandi. In 1942 yilgi Jahon seriyasi, Kardinallar Yankilarga ketma-ket sakkizta o'yinda g'alaba qozonganidan keyin 1926 yildan beri birinchi seriyali yo'qotishlarini berishdi.[121][122] DiMaggio va boshqa Yanki harbiy xizmatga oldin kirishgan 1943 yilgi mavsum, ammo klub AL chempionatida 14-marta va 1936 yildan beri 7-marta g'olib chiqdi. Kardinallar Yanki bilan uchrashdi Jahon seriyasining javob uchrashuvi va Nyu-York to'rtta o'yinda bittasiga g'alaba qozondi.[123]
1943 yildan so'ng, jamoaning ko'proq o'yinchilari harbiy xizmatga jalb qilindi va Yanki 1944 yilda tugagan uchinchi o'rinda, ular tugaganidan bir pog'ona yuqoriroq keyingi mavsum.[124] Iborat guruh Larri Makfeyl, Dan Topping va Del Webb 1945 yilda Yanki, ularning stadioni va franchayzaning kichik liga jamoalarini 2,8 million dollarga sotib oldi.[125] Yangi mulkka ko'ra, Yankee Stadium chiroqlarni o'rnatishni o'z ichiga olgan katta ta'mirdan o'tkazildi. Urush tugashi va chet eldan futbolchilarning qaytishi bilan, Yanki 1946 yilda 2265,512 muxlisni jalb qilib, MLBning bir mavsumdagi uyiga tashrif buyurish rekordini o'rnatdi. Makkarti menejer lavozimidan erta iste'foga chiqdi. mavsum. Yankilar yil davomida yana ikkita menejerdan foydalanishdi (Bill Dikki va.) Johnny Neun ) va 1946 yilni uchinchi o'rinda yakunladi.[126] Tutuvchi Yogi Berra o'sha yili Yankees debyutini o'tkazgan; 18-mavsumdagi faoliyati davomida Berra uch marta AL MVP mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.[127] Baki Xarris menejer sifatida olib kelingan, va uning 1947 yil jamoasi AL bayroqini qo'lga kiritdi va Dodgers ettita o'yinda Jahon seriyasi.[128] Seriya tugagandan so'ng, MacPhail Yankees-ga tegishli ulushini 2 million dollarga Topping va Webb-ga sotdi.[129]
1948–1956: Stengelni ijaraga olish va besh marotaba Jahon seriyasidagi g'alaba
Mavsum oxiriga qadar kurashganiga qaramay, 1948 yankilar uchinchi o'rinni egalladi. Xarris qo'yib yuborildi va Yankilar boshqarish uchun Keysi Stengelni olib kelishdi.[130] O'sha paytda Stengel Appelning so'zlariga ko'ra "biroz masxaraboz kabi obro'ga ega edi" va MLBni boshqargan ikkita oldingi bosqichida muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lgan.[131] "Yankees" menejeri sifatida "a" dan foydalanib o'yinlarni optimallashtirdi vzvod tizimi, o'ng qo'li krujkalariga qarshi ko'proq chap qo'l urishlarini o'ynash.[132] Ko'p sonli jarohatlar jamoaga ta'sir qildi[133] davomida 1949 yilgi mavsum ammo u Red Sox bilan AL bayrog'i uchun kurashdi; Yanki stadionida mavsum yakunlanadigan ikki o'yin seriyasidan oldin, Nyu-York Bostonni bitta o'yinda ortda qoldirdi va bir juft g'alabaga muhtoj edi.[134] 5-4 va 5-3 hisoblarida yankilar ikkita o'yinda va liga chempionatida g'olib bo'lishdi.[135] Nyu-York g'alaba qozondi Jahon seriyasi bilan qayta o'yin Dodgers beshta o'yinda.[136] Stengel nomini oldi Yilning eng yaxshi menejeri uning birinchi mavsumida.[133] Yankilar yana bir raqobatchi vimpel poygasiga duch kelishdi 1950 yilda, Yo'lbarslar ALning tepasida Nyu-York va Bostonga qo'shilishganida. Mavsum oxirida yankilar birinchi o'rin uchun "yo'lbarslar" bilan rishtani buzdilar va vimpelni yutishga kirishdilar.[137] In 1950 yilgi jahon seriyasi, Yankilar Fillarni supurib tashladilar; ikkinchi o'yinni DiMaggio uyini o'ninchi pog'onada hal qildi.[138] Mavsumdan so'ng Yanki Fil Rizzuto doimiy mavsumda 200 ta asosiy xitni yozgandan so'ng AL MVP deb nomlandi.[139]
1940-yillarning oxirlarida MLB bo'ylab muxlislarning o'yinlarga borishga bo'lgan qiziqishi pasayib keta boshladi va Yanki 1947 yildan keyin 2,2 millionga yaqin chipta sotganidan so'ng, olomonni tark etishiga duch keldi. 1957 yilga kelib mavsumga tashrif buyuruvchilar soni 700000 dan oshgan.[140] Nyu-Yorkdagi beysbol muxlislari 1950-yillarning boshlarida televizorda o'yinlarni tomosha qilish imkoniyatiga ega edilar. Yankilar Nyu-York shahrining boshqa franchayzalariga qo'shilib, o'yin teletranslyatsiyalariga ruxsat berishdi. Bu radioeshittirishlar joriy etilganda jamoaning strategiyasidan chetga chiqish edi.[141] Yankilarning muntazam mavsumiy o'yinlari 1939 yilgacha efirga uzatilmadi, chunki rahbariyat agar ular radio tinglashlari mumkin bo'lsa, kamroq muxlislar o'yinlarga tashrif buyurishadi deb hisoblashgan.[142]
DiMaggio MLBning so'nggi mavsumini o'tkazdi 1951 yilda, juda yaxshi tanilgan yarim himoyachi Mikki Mantl Nyu-Yorkda debyut qildi. Pitcher Elli Reynolds ikkitasini tashladi xitlar 1951 yil davomida, Yanki uchinchi uchinchi yil uchun AL vimnerini talab qilgani kabi. Keyin ular g'alaba qozonishdi 1951 yilgi Jahon seriyasi Gigantlarga qarshi to'rtta o'yin ikkitaga.[143] Qachon ularning 1952 yilgi jamoasi AL penaltisini oldi, Yankilar jamoasi tomonidan 1936 yildan 1939 yilgacha g'alaba qozongan to'rtta butunjahon seriyali chempionatiga to'g'ri kelish imkoniyatiga ega bo'ldilar. yana bir Yanki - Dodjers uchrashuvi, Nyu-York uchta o'yinni ortda qoldirib, ikkitaga kamaydi, ammo oltinchi va ettinchi o'yinlarda g'alaba qozonganlar Yanki nomiga sazovor bo'ldi.[144] Nyu-York va Bruklin uchrashuvlari yana bir bor bo'lib o'tdi 1953 yilgi Jahon seriyasi va a Billi Martin base hit that decided the sixth and final game of the Series gave the Yankees another four games to two victory and a fifth title in a row.[145] As of 2020, the 1949–1953 Yankees are the only MLB teams to win five straight World Series; no team since has won more than three in a row.[146]
The Yankees won 103 games 1954 yilda, the most yet for a Stengel-managed team, but the Hindular took the pennant with a then-AL record 111 wins.[147] Bir yildan so'ng 1955 Yankees ga duch keldi Dodgers ichida Jahon seriyasi.2002 After the teams split the first six games of the Series, the Yankees lost the seventh and final game 2–0, giving the Dodgers their first Series win.[148] Elston Xovard, the first African American player in Yankees history, made his debut in 1955. His arrival came eight years after MLB's color line had been broken, as the Yankees' management had sought to avoid integrating the club's roster.[149] As teams such as the Dodgers added black players, the Yankees turned down numerous opportunities to acquire Negro league talent.[150] Management feared alienating white fans and harbored stereotypes of African American players. Author Robert Cohen called these views "symbolic of the overall arrogance of Yankee ownership and management, as well as their prevailing racial attitudes."[151]
In 1956, Mantle won the MVP award for a season in which he led the AL and MLB in batting average (.353), home runs (52), and RBIs (130), becoming the second Yankee (after Gehrig in 1934) to win a Uch karra.[152] The 1956 Yankees won the franchise's seventh AL championship under Stengel and advanced to a Jahon seriyasi bilan qayta o'yin Dodgers. In Game 5, with the Series even at 2–2, Yankees pitcher Don Larsen tashladi a mukammal o'yin. In seven games, the Yankees won the Series.[153]
1957–1964: Continued success
By 1957, the Yankees had won 15 of the last 21 AL pennants. The team's minor-league system had been reduced to 10 teams from a peak of 22, and its razvedka system was acclaimed by Sport Illustrated 's Roy Terrell as "the best in all baseball."[154] Instead of signing many players for their organization, the Yankees concentrated on acquiring a smaller number of highly skilled players, according to head scout Paul Krichell. The club recruited players by selling them on the "fame, fortune and fat shares of a World Series pot" that came with making New York's roster.[154]
The 1957 Yankees yetdi o'sha yilgi Jahon seriyasida, ammo etti o'yinda mag'lubiyatga uchradi Miluoki Braves.[155] Following the Series, the Giants and Dodgers left New York City for California, leaving the Yankees as New York's only MLB team. Despite their status as the sole New York City-based franchise, the Yankees' 1958 attendance decreased from previous seasons as the team could not attract bereft Giants and Dodgers fans.[156] In 1958 yilgi Jahon seriyasi, the Yankees had an opportunity to avenge their defeat to the Jasur. The Yankees fell behind by losing three of the first four games, but won the final three games of the Series to claim another championship.[157] The Yankees were unable to defend their AL and World Series championships 1959 yilda, as they ended up with a 79–75 record, their worst record since 1925, good for third place.[158]
Qachon Arnold Jonson (a friend of Topping and Yankees general manager Jorj Vayss ) became the owner of the Kanzas-Siti yengil atletikasi in 1955, his new team made many transactions with the Yankees. From 1956 to 1960, the Athletics traded many young players to the Yankees for cash and aging veterans. The trades strengthened the Yankees' roster, but brought criticism from rival clubs.[159] Oldin their 1960 season, the Yankees made one such trade with the Athletics in which they acquired outfielder Rojer Maris.[160] In his first Yankees season, Maris led the league in slugging percentage, RBIs, and extra base hits, finished second with 39 home runs, and won the AL MVP Award.[161] The 1960 Yankees won the AL pennant for the 10th time in 12 years under Stengel, and outscored the Pirates 55–27 in the seven Jahon seriyasi o'yinlar. However, the team lost four of them, falling short of a Series championship after Bill Mazeroski urish a uydan yugurish in the final game, ending a contest that Appel called "one of the most memorable in baseball history."[162] The season turned out to be Stengel's last as Yankees manager; he indicated that his age played a role in the team's decision, saying, "I'll never make the mistake of being seventy again."[163]
Ralf Xuk was chosen to replace Stengel.[164] During the 1961 season, both Mantle and Maris chased Ruth's single-season home run record of 60, and juftlik attracted much press attention as the year progressed. Ultimately, an infection forced Mantle to leave the lineup and bow out of the race in mid-September with 54 home runs. Maris continued, though, and on October 1, the final day of the season, he homered against Red Sox pitcher Treysi Stallard into the right field stands of Yankee Stadium, breaking the record with 61. Commissioner Ford Frick decreed that two separate records be kept, as the Yankees played a 154-game schedule in 1927 (beginning in 1961, AL teams played 162 games to accommodate the league's expansion to 10 teams).[165][166] MLB did away with the dual records 30 years later, giving Maris sole possession of the single-season home run record before it was broken in 1998 by Mark McGwire.[167] The Yankees won the pennant with 109 regular season wins, at the time the club's second-highest single-season total, and defeated the Cincinnati Reds in five games to win the franchise's 19th Jahon seriyasi. The team hit 240 home runs to break the MLB single-season record. Maris won another AL MVP Award, while Uayti Ford ushlangan Cy Young mukofoti, having posted a 25–4 record. The team gained a reputation as one of the strongest the Yankees had fielded, along with the 1927 and 1939 Yankees.[168] New York returned to the Jahon seriyasi 1962 yilda ga qaragan holda San-Fransisko gigantlari. After exchanging victories in the first six games of the Series, the Yankees won the decisive seventh game 1–0 to clinch the title.[169]
The Yankees again reached the Jahon seriyasi yilda their 1963 campaign, ammo to'rtta o'yinda supurib tashlangan Los-Anjeles Dodjers. Houk left the manager's position to become the team's general manager and the newly retired Berra was named manager.[170] After dealing with player injuries and internal dissension, the Yankees rallied from third place late in the 1964 yilgi mavsum and won the AL pennant by one game over the White Sox.[171] It was their fifth straight Jahon seriyasi appearance and 14th in the past 16 years.[146] Jamoa duch keldi Sent-Luis kardinallari in a series that included a walk-off home run by Mantle to end the third game. Despite Mantle's game-winning hit, the Yankees were defeated by the Cardinals in seven games, and Berra was fired.[172]
1965–1972: New ownership and decline
1964 yilda, CBS announced that it was purchasing 80 percent of the Yankees for $11.2 million. The television network bought the remaining 20 percent, originally retained by Topping and Webb, during the next two years. Topping left as team president after the sale; CBS ijrochi direktori Mayk Burk uning o'rnini egalladi.[173] From 1962 to the sale, Topping and Webb had sharply curtailed the Yankees' investment in their minor league system, to show greater profits. As a result, the team lacked capable replacements for its aging players.[174] Other factors affected the club's fortunes as well. The team had been slow in signing African American players even after Howard,[175] and lost the opportunity to sign future stars.[176] As most American League clubs dragged their feet in integrating their rosters, the rapid decline of the Yankees' white stars left them on the same footing as the rest of the league.[177] Also, the 1965 introduction of the MLB draft, which allowed the clubs with the worst records to have the first selections, meant that the Yankees could not outbid other teams for young talent.[178] Their trade pipeline with the A's had dried up by 1960, as new A's owner Charli Finli announced his intention to avoid trading with New York.[179] Competition for the attention of local fans had been provided by the expansion Nyu-York uchrashuvlari, founded in 1962. By 1964, the new club started a 12-year streak of outdrawing the Yankees; the Mets also won the 1969 yilgi jahon seriyasi.[180]
The Yankees had a record of 77–85 1965 yilda, and their sixth-place finish was their lowest since 1925. It was only their second finish in the ikkinchi bo'lim since 1918. Jonni Kin, who was hired to succeed Berra as manager, was fired after the Yankees lost 16 of 20 games to start their 1966 season; Houk named himself as Keane's replacement. A last-place finish—their first since 1912—followed at season's end, and the Yankees ended up one position higher, ninth, keyingi mavsum. Ford, Howard, Mantle, and Maris all retired or were traded to other clubs between 1966 and 1969.[181] Attendance at Yankee Stadium fell to between 1 and 1.3 million fans per season from 1965 to 1971, and dropped below 1 million in 1972.[182] One 1966 game had a crowd of 413 fans; television announcer Qizil sartarosh was fired by the Yankees after discussing the low attendance during his telecast.[183]
After fifth-place finishes 1968 yilda va 1969 (the latter in the newly created six-team Amerika ligasi Sharq bo'linish), 1970 Yankees improved to second in the AL East with a 93–69 record,[184][185] orqasida tugatish Baltimor Orioles.[186] Tutuvchi Turman Munson played his first full season for the Yankees and won "Yilning eng yaxshi kaligi" honors for 1970.[187] New York had 11 more losses during their 1971 season than they had in 1970,[188] but in 1972 they contended for the AL East title and a playoff berth. Late in fasl, the Yankees were in a four-way tie for the most wins in the division, but a slump caused them to fall to fourth by the end of their campaign with a record of 79–76.[189]
1973–1976: Steinbrenner takes over
Less than a decade into its ownership of the Yankees, CBS moved to sell the team in 1972. In eight years, the team posted an $11 million loss under CBS,[190] losing money in all but two years.[191] Along with the decrease in attendance, the Yankees' television revenues fell by more than 80 percent from their peak, and in 1973 were more than $1 million below what the Mets earned from their broadcasting agreement.[192] A group of investors, led by Klivlend - asosli kema quruvchi Jorj Shtaynbrenner, purchased the club from CBS on January 3, 1973 for $10 million.[193] Despite an initial promise that he would "stick to building ships" and remain in the background, Steinbrenner proved to be a hands-on owner, clashing with Burke and forcing him out of his leadership position.[194] Describing the level of control displayed by the lead owner, investor Jon MakMullen stated, "There is nothing in life quite so limited as being a limited partner of George Steinbrenner."[195]
The 1973 Yankees held the AL East lead entering August, but faded and ended the year fourth.[196] The 1973 season was the team's last in Yankee Stadium before the building was renovated.[197] The Yankees had become concerned about the drop in attendance and the poor conditions of the stadium's surroundings. For a time, New Jersey sought to attract sports teams to the Meadowlands sport majmuasi, and New York City acted to prevent the Yankees from moving. The city paid $24 million to buy Yankee Stadium and the adjacent land, and in 1972 agreed to renovations.[198] Work on the stadium finished in 1976, and the Yankees were required to play at the Mets' home field, Shea stadioni, in 1974 and 1975.[199] Davomida birinchi of those seasons, the team nearly won the AL East, finishing behind the Orioles in a race that was decided in the final games. The Yankees were helped by an early-season trade that brought first baseman Kris Chambliss to the team, and improved to 89 wins from 1973's 80 victories.[199]
After the 1974 season, star pitcher Catfish Hunter a deb e'lon qilindi erkin agent because of a skipped insurance payment.[200] The Yankees signed him to a $3.75 million, four-year contract. It was the beginning of a long-term franchise philosophy of using free agency to acquire talent; Stout writes that they "were the first team to comprehend what free agency meant", as it provided an advantage over lower-spending rivals and generated fan and media interest.[201] Hunter had 23 wins during the Yankees' 1975 season, but the team did not contend for the playoffs after July.[201] New York fired manager Bill Virdon in August and hired Billy Martin as his replacement.[202] With Martin as the helm, the Yankees returned to the postseason in ularning birinchi mavsumi in the renovated Yankee Stadium, winning the 1976 AL East title by a 10 1⁄2-game margin over the Orioles. Munson was named AL MVP, with a .302 batting average and a total of 105 RBIs that was second-best in the AL. The 1976 yilgi Amerika ligasi chempionati seriyasi (ALCS) between the Yankees and Kanzas Siti Royals went to a deciding fifth game, which was won by New York on a walk-off home run by Chambliss. The Yankees did not win a game against the Cincinnati Reds ichida 1976 yilgi Jahon seriyasi.[203]
Free agency era
1977–1981: "The Bronx Zoo"
Free agency was introduced more fully from the 1976 offseason; himoyachi Reggi Jekson, who had spent one season with the Orioles after being traded by the Athletics, was the most significant player available in that first offseason.[204] Steinbrenner signed Jackson to a five-year, $2.96 million contract, giving the Yankees a key player, but one who had difficulty fitting in with the rest of the team. Martin had opposed Jackson's signing, and many players were angered by comments Jackson made that were critical of Munson. Jackson and Martin nearly came to blows in the Yankees' dugout during one game against the Red Sox, in which Martin removed Jackson for being slow to field a ball. The incident sparked media reports of disputes between Martin and Steinbrenner, and further conflict between Martin and Jackson. The Yankees of the late-1970s, noted for clubhouse conflict and on-field success, were later nicknamed "The Bronx Zoo", after a shu nomdagi kitob krujka bilan Sparky Layl, and at the time, New York and the baseball world were agog at their antics.[205] The 1977 Yankees won the AL East and defeated the Royals in the 1977 ALCS. Trailing 3–2 in the top of the ninth inning of the decisive fifth game, the Yankees scored three times to gain a berth in the Jahon seriyasi.[206] Against the Dodgers, the Yankees prevailed in six games for their first Series championship since 1962. Jackson hit a record five home runs in the Series, including three in Game 6 on consecutive pitches, against three different Dodgers pitchers.[207] Jackson gained his own candy bar and the nickname "Mr. October".[208]
Oldin their 1978 season, the Yankees added yordam krujkasi Goose Gossage, even though their yaqinroq was reigning Cy Young Award winner Lyle.[209] By the middle of July, the team was 14 games behind the Red Sox and infighting had begun again. After making comments to reporters criticizing both Jackson and Steinbrenner, Martin resigned and Bob limon was hired as manager. The Yankees closed the gap that Boston had opened on them, and by the start of a four-game series at Fenway Park on September 7, the Red Sox' lead was down to four games.[210] Over the course of the series, nicknamed "The Boston Massacre", the Yankees outscored the Red Sox 42–9, winning each game.[211] The teams finished the regular season with identical records, and an AL East tie-breaker game was held on October 2.[212] Losing 2–0 in the seventh inning, the Yankees took the lead on a three-run home run by shortstop Baki Dent, and eventually won 5–4.[213] After beating the Kanzas Siti Royals for the third consecutive year in the ALCS, the Yankees faced the Dodgers yana 1978 yilgi Jahon seriyasi. They lost the first two games on the road, but then returned to Yankee Stadium and won three consecutive games before clinching a Series championship in Game 6 in Los Angeles.[214] Pitcher Ron Guidri was the Cy Young Award winner in 1978, having posted 25 wins against 3 losses with a 1.74 ERA, and 248 strikeouts. Eighteen of his strikeouts came in his June 17 appearance against the Kaliforniya farishtalari, which broke the franchise record.[215]
On August 2, 1979, Munson was killed in a plane crash. Martin, who had returned as manager after Steinbrenner fired Lemon in June, said that with his death, "The whole bottom fell out of the team."[216] The 1979 Yankees finished fourth with an 89–71 record.[217] Steinbrenner fired Martin after the season and replaced him with Dik Xozer, who led the Yankees to 103 wins and the AL East title 1980 yilda. Jackson led the AL with 41 home runs and posted a .300 batting average for the Yankees, who finished three games ahead of the Orioles. Their stay in the postseason was brief, as the Qirollik klubi beat them in three straight games to win the ALCS.[218] Oldin their 1981 campaign, the Yankees signed Deyv Uinfild to a 10-year contract worth $23 million, a record at the time. The season was shortened by a urish, and the Yankees qualified for the playoffs by virtue of leading the AL East when the work stoppage began. Ular mag'lubiyatga uchradi Milwaukee Brewers a divisional playoff round beshta o'yinda. and won the AL pennant with three straight wins over the Yengil atletika ichida ALCS. The Yankees won the first two games of the 1981 yilgi Jahon seriyasi qarshi Los Anjeles, but the Dodgers won the next four games and the championship.[219]
1982–1995: Struggles and return to postseason
Following the team's loss to the Dodgers in the 1981 World Series, the Yankees had a 15-year absence from the World Series, the longest since the time before their initial appearance in 1921.[220] As the 1980s progressed, the Yankees regularly spent heavily on free agents who were often aging and proved to be declining in performance.[221] The atmosphere of turmoil around the club discouraged some players from signing contracts with New York; they either ignored the Yankees' offers or used them to get more money from other teams.[222] Steinbrenner traded prospects for veterans; sport muallifi Buster Olney called this "a practice that ultimately inflicted serious damage on the organization, leaving the team without the needed influx of young and cheap talent."[223] With Steinbrenner at the helm, the team continued to change managers frequently; there were 21 managerial changes in his first two decades of ownership; Martin served five separate stints as New York's manager.[224]
The 1982 va 1983 Yankees were fifth and third, respectively.[225] Henry Fetter wrote of the following year's team, which had several aging players, "The 1984 Yanks had assembled an all-star lineup—but it was that of 1979."[221] In what became a trend in future seasons, the Yankees lacked effective pitching, undoing the efforts of a top-tier offense that included players such as Winfield and first baseman Don Mattingli, one of the few star hitters produced by the farm system during the era. Mattingly led the AL in batting average in 1984—beating out Winfield for the league lead.[226] The Yankees' 1985 season began with a batting lineup improved by an offseason trade for Riki Xenderson, the future MLB career stolen base and runs scored record holder.[227] Mattingly was AL MVP in 1985, with 145 RBI and a personal-best 35 home runs, while Guidry won 22 games. The Yankees had 97 wins, two off the division leader Toronto Blue Jays.[228] The 1986 side 's win total fell to 92, but it was only enough for second place again behind Boston. Mattingly hit an MLB record six grand slam uy yugurish 1987 yilda, but dealt with back pain that limited his effectiveness in his remaining years. The Yankees fell to fourth,[229] beginning a six-year streak of fourth or worse.[230] The Yankees had the most wins of any MLB team during the 1980s,[231] but missed the playoffs eight times during the decade and did not win a World Series.[232] Many New York baseball fans chose to support an exciting Mets team. From 1984 to 1992, a period that featured their 1986 World Series victory, the Mets' attendance topped that of the Yankees every year.[221] Despite falling attendance, the Yankees' finances were not significantly harmed, as they had a 12-year television rights contract with the Madison Square Garden network that gave them a record $500 million and flexibility to increase their payroll if desired.[233]
Winfield's tenure with the team ended when he was traded in May 1990. The 1990 team lost 95 games to finish at the bottom of the AL East, and its .414 winning percentage was the franchise's worst since 1913.[234] The Yankees underwent a dramatic change in their front office that year, which Glenn Stout cites as a turning point for the club.[235] Winfield had become a target of Steinbrenner in previous years. At one 1985 game, he criticized Winfield by calling him "Mr. May", that is, a player who only performed well early in the season.[235][236] Steinbrenner also resented Winfield's salary as too high, and was critical of a charitable foundation run by him.[235] A gambler was paid by Steinbrenner "for damaging information" about Winfield,[237] an incident that resulted in an indefinite ban from then-commissioner Fay Vinsent 1990 yilda; three years later, Steinbrenner was reinstated.[238] Yangi bosh direktor ostida Jin Maykl, the Yankees allowed their minor league talent more time to improve their skills and more of a chance to play for the Yankees if they were good enough.[239] Michael focused on on-base percentage in deciding which hitters to pursue, and emphasized left-handed batters who might take advantage of Yankee Stadium's short right-field porch.[240] The players developed by the team during its rebuilding years included outfielder Berni Uilyams, a future AL batting average leader,[241] and a group—Derek Jeter, Endi Pettit, Xorxe Posada va Mariano Rivera —that became the centerpiece during the 1996–2000 period, and was later nicknamed the "To'rtinchi yadro ".[242]
After a 71-win 1991 yilgi mavsum, the Yankees replaced their incumbent manager, Stump Merrill, bilan Buck Showalter, who increased the playing time given to young players. Da 1992 Yankees were 20 games behind the AL East winner, offseason acquisitions—third baseman Veyd Boggs, krujka Jimmi Key, and outfielder Pol O'Nil —helped the 1993 team to an 88–74 record and New York's highest finish (second) in seven seasons. By 1994, the Yankees had progressed to the point where they led the AL with a 70–43 record going into the homestretch of the regular season.[243] Their campaign was cut short by a futbolchilarning ish tashlashi, which resulted in the cancellation of the playoffs and 1994 yilgi Jahon seriyasi.[244] Many media members believed that the Yankees might have reached the World Series if not for the strike.[245] Bir yil o'tgach, jamoa reached the playoffs and gave Mattingly his first career postseason appearance by winning the first AL wild card berth, but it was eliminated in a five-game Divizionlar seriyasi (ALDS) against the Sietl Mariners.[246]
1996–2001: Championship run
Mattingly did not return to the Yankees for their 1996 season, and the club replaced Showalter with Djo Torre.[247] Although the managerial change met with a mixed reception by the press,[248] Torre received praise for his handling of players as his managerial career progressed; Olney remarked that he was able to "defuse powder-keg issues and serve as a buffer between Steinbrenner and the players."[249] Jeter won the AL Rookie of the Year Award in his first full season with the Yankees, and Pettitte with 21 wins was second in AL Cy Young Award voting and Rivera posted an 8–3 record and 2.09 ERA as the club won a division title.[250] New York reached the 1996 yilgi Jahon seriyasi, where they lost the first two games at home to the Atlanta Braves by a combined score of 16–1. But New York won three straight contests in Atlanta, including a Game 4 in which they scored eight straight runs to rally from a 6–0 deficit.[251] With a 3–2 win in Game 6, the Yankees won the World Series for the first time in 18 years.[252] For 1997, the Yankees signed starting pitcher Devid Uells and allowed closer Jon Vetteland to leave in free agency, enabling Rivera to inherit the role. The 1997 Yankees earned a wild card playoff berth, but lost three games to two against the Klivlend hindulari ichida ALDS.[253]
Tayyorgarlik paytida their 1998 season, the Yankees replaced general manager Bob Uotson bilan Brayan Kashman. The club made many player acquisitions, gaining the services of third baseman Skott Brosius, ikkinchi boshlovchi Chak Knoblauch va krujkani boshlash Orlando Ernandes. The Yankees won 28 of their first 37 games—a stretch that concluded with a perfect game pitched by Wells —and by August were 76–27.[254] The 1998 Yankees are considered by some writers to be among the greatest teams in baseball history,[255][256][257] having compiled a then-AL record of 114 regular-season wins against 48 losses. After playoff series wins over the Texas Rangers and Indians, New York defeated the San-Diego Padres ketma-ket to'rtta Jahon seriyasi games for their 24th Series title.[258]
After the 1998 season, Wells was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays uchun Rojer Klemens, who had just completed two consecutive Cy Young Award-winning seasons. In a regular season that included another mukammal o'yin by a Yankees pitcher, this one by Devid Konus, New York led the AL East with 98 wins and beat the Rangers ichida ALDS. Bu olib keldi ALCS raqibga qarshi Red Sox. New York won the first two games en route to a 4–1 series win, and went on to sweep the Jasur ichida 1999 yil Jahon seriyasi. The postseason results gave the 1998–99 Yankees a 22–3 playoff record, and the team held a 12-game winning streak in World Series competition dating back to 1996.[259] Garchi 2000 Yankees had an 87–74 regular season record that was the worst among playoff qualifiers,[260] the team won consecutive playoff series to claim the AL championship. New York's pennant placed them in the 2000 yilgi jahon seriyasi against the cross-town Uchrashuv, birinchi Metro seriyasi 44 yil ichida.[261] With a four games to one victory, the Yankees gained their third successive title.[262] As of 2020, the 2000 Yankees are the most recent MLB team to repeat as World Series champions and the Yankees of 1998–2000 are the last team to win three consecutive World Series.[146]
Free agent pitcher Mayk Mussina signed with the Yankees before their 2001 season began, and the club pulled away from the Red Sox as the year progressed to claim another divisional championship, as Clemens won 20 games. The 11 sentyabr hujumlari interrupted the season, and the resumption of baseball in New York became a symbol of how the city recovered from the destruction of the Egizak minoralar. After falling behind 2–0 in the ALDS qarshi Yengil atletika, the Yankees won three straight contests to advance to the ALCS. They prevailed in five games against the Sietl Mariners, who had tied a single-season MLB record with 116 regular season wins, for the team's fourth straight AL pennant.[263] The Arizona Diamondbacks gained a two-game lead in the 2001 yilgi Jahon seriyasi before the Yankees won three consecutive ballgames; New York home runs with two outs in the ninth inning of Games 4 and 5 led to extra inning wins in both games, with Game 4 ended by a Jeter home run.[264] The Yankees' championship streak ended, though, as the Diamondbacks won the Series in seven games with a late rally in the final inning of Game 7.[265]
2002–2008: Final years in old Yankee Stadium
After the 2001 season, several players from the late 1990s and early 2000s Yankees teams departed. New York won their fifth AL East title in a row in its 2002 yilgi kampaniya, lekin Anaxaym farishtalari defeated the Yankees in the ALDS.[266] The Yankees' major acquisition in the offseason was leading Japanese hitter Xideki Matsui ning Yomiuri gigantlari.[267] Another signing, that of Cuban pitcher Xose Kontreras, led to complaints from Red Sox CEO Larri Lucchino, who dubbed his team's rivals "the Evil Empire".[268] Tensions between the rivals increased in the coming seasons, and writers called the rivalry one of the most intense and well known in North American professional sports.[269][270][271] By 2003, New York's overall payroll had reached almost $153 million, more than the Padres, Pivo beruvchilar, Qirollik klubi va Tampa ko'rfazidagi iblis nurlari birlashtirilgan.[272] Criticism of the Yankees' spending such as Lucchino's was frequently raised; during a 15-year stretch from 1999 to 2013, they had the biggest MLB player payroll every year.[273]
Jeter became the Yankees' captain in their 2003 season. Jamoa duch keldi Red Sox ichida ALCS. The series came down to a seventh game, and the Yankees fell behind before three eighth-inning runs forced a 5–5 tie and extra innings. Aaron Boon, a third baseman acquired by New York in a mid-season trade, hit a walk-off home run in the 11th inning to give New York the pennant. The Yankees were then defeated by the Florida Marlins ichida Jahon seriyasi, to'rttadan ikkitaga.[274] The Yankees added power hitting to their lineup in the offseason, signing free agent Gari Sheffild and trading for shortstop Aleks Rodrigez, who became a third baseman with New York. Three of the starting pitchers from the previous season—Clemens, Pettitte, and Wells—left the team before the season. Despite the losses, the 2004 Yankees managed to top the AL East with 101 wins and defeat the Egizaklar three games to one in the ALDS.[275] The victory set up an ALCS bilan qayta o'yin Red Sox. The Yankees took a 3–0 series lead before losing four consecutive games, becoming the first team in MLB history to lose a best-of-seven series after winning the first three games.[276]
The 2005 yilgi mavsum featured an AL MVP performance by Rodriguez, who hit a league-leading 48 home runs with 130 RBIs and a .321 batting average. Yankilar mag'lubiyatga uchradi Red Sox for the division title because they won 10 of their 19 contests against Boston; both teams had 95–67 records.[277] The Los-Anjeles Anaxaym farishtalari defeated the Yankees in five games in the birinchi davra of the postseason.[278] The 2006 Yankees kept at the same level, as they won the AL East for the ninth straight year but were eliminated in the ALDS tomonidan Detroyt Tigers uchta o'yin bitta.[278]
Rodriguez again won the AL MVP award in 2007, as his 54 home runs and 156 RBIs topped the AL; he scored 143 runs, the highest single-season number by a player since 1985. After starting the year 21–29, the Yankees rallied to win the AL's wild card berth; it was the first time in 10 seasons that they did not win the AL East. New York's season ended in the first round of the playoffs; The Hindular won the opening two games of the ALDS and finished the series in four games. Manager Torre did not re-sign after the season, and Djo Jirardi uning o'rnini egalladi.[279] Rodriguez, who used an opt-out clause in his contract to become a free agent, stayed with the Yankees by signing for $275 million over 10 seasons, an MLB record.[280] The 2008 yilgi mavsum was the Yankees' last in which they played at the original Yankee Stadium. The club had sought a new stadium to increase revenues, following the example set by other MLB teams.[281] It was also the first in which Hal va Xank Shtaynbrenner ran the team as general partners; though George Steinbrenner was still the principal owner on paper, he yielded operational responsibilities during the 2007 offseason. Yankee Stadium was the site of the 2008 yil Yulduzlar o'yini, but for the first time in 14 years did not host playoff action. New York ended the year third in the AL East and failed to qualify for the postseason.[282]
2009–2016: New stadium and record 27th championship
The new Yankee Stadium, which cost a record $1.5 billion, was constructed near the old facility. As built, it had a capacity of approximately 52,000, with 52 luxury suites.[281] Monument Park, which holds plaques and monuments honoring former Yankees personnel, was built beyond the center field fence; its collection was transplanted from the old stadium.[283] Uchun 2009 yilgi mavsum, the team committed over $400 million in future salaries to three free agents: pitchers CC Sabathia va A. J. Burnett, and first baseman Mark Tixeyra.[284] New York won 90 of its last 134 games, and broke the franchise single-season record by hitting 244 home runs.[285] Another club record was broken by Jeter, who passed Gehrig as the Yankees' all-time hits leader on September 11.[286] New York posted 103 wins in 2009 and beat out the Red Sox for the division title by eight games. In the AL playoffs, the Yankees defeated the Egizaklar ichida ALDS va Farishtalar ichida ALCS, advancing to the Jahon seriyasi. There, they faced the defending Series champions, the Filadelfiya Filliz.[287] Behind a six-RBI effort by Matsui in the sixth and final game, the Yankees defeated the Phillies to win their record 27th Series championship.[288]
George Steinbrenner died in July 2010. The Yanki won the league's wild card berth, but their title defense was ended by the Texas Rangers ichida ALCS.[289] Multiple Yankees players set individual marks in 2011. Jeter joined the 3000 hit klub on July 9; he was the first player to do so while playing for the club. Later in the season, Rivera posted the 602nd save of his career, breaking the all-time record that had been held by Trevor Xofman. The Yankees won the AL East, but lost in the ALDS yo'lbarslarga.[290] Rivera suffered a season-ending injury to his right knee in May 2012 while catching fly balls before a game against the Royals.[291] Even without their longtime closer, the 2012 Yankees gained a 10-game lead by mid-July, and held off the Oriollar to win the division title by a final margin of two games.[292] After defeating the Orioles in a five-game ALDS, the Yankees were swept by the Tigers in the ALCS.[293]
During Game 1 of the 2012 ALCS, Jeter broke his right ankle while attempting to field a ball.[294] He was one of many Yankees to miss playing time during the club's 2013 yilgi aksiya; 20 players were placed on the o'chirilgan ro'yxat at least once. The team had an opportunity to win a wild-card playoff spot, but faded late in the season.[295] It was only the second time since 1995 that New York did not qualify for postseason play.[296] In the offseason, second baseman Robinson Kano departed New York for the Mariners in free agency, but the Yankees signed starting pitcher Masahiro Tanaka, who was coming off a 24–0 year with Japan's Tohoku Rakuten Oltin burgutlari, to a seven-year contract.[297] Rodriguez was suspended for the 2014 season by MLB for using performance-enhancing drugs.[298] The 2014 Yankees, the last with Jeter in their lineup, fell four games short of a postseason berth with an 84–78 record. Despite signing several new hitters prior to the season, the team finished third from last in the AL in runs scored.[299] The offense improved 2015 yilda, ending the regular season with the second-most runs in MLB. New York gained a wild card berth with a second-place finish, but was defeated by the Xyuston Astros a bitta o'yindan iborat pley-off.[300] The Yankees traded several veteran players during ularning 2016 yilgi mavsumi va oldi Gleyber Torres, among others, in return.[301][302] In August 2016, Rodriguez was released from his contract.[303] The club had 84 wins, but missed the playoffs for the third time in four years.[301] As the Yankees' on-field performance declined after 2009, their attendance and television ratings fell;[304][305] revenue from ticket and luxury suite sales at Yankee Stadium decreased by more than 40 percent from 2009 to 2016.[306]
2017–present: Rise of the "Baby Bombers"
The 2017 Yankees featured a group of young players who became known as the "Baby Bombers".[307] Among them were outfielder Aaron hakam, tutuvchi Gari Sanches, boshlang'ich krujka Luis Severino, and first baseman Greg Bird.[308] Judge hit a league-leading 52 home runs, the most ever by a rookie;[309] he was the AL MVP runner-up and won AL Rookie of the Year honors.[310] The infusion of talent led to both renewed fan interest and improved play.[311] New York earned a postseason berth and reached the ALDS urish orqali Egizaklar ichida AL wild card game. The Hindular gained a two-game lead in the ALDS, but the Yankees won three consecutive times to advance to the ALCS. Qarshi Astros, the Yankees lost in seven games.[309] After 10 years as the team's manager, Girardi was replaced by Boone.[312] New York acquired outfielder Giancarlo Stanton, the 2017 NL MVP, in an offseason trade with the Marlins.[313] Stanton had 38 of the 267 home runs hit by the Yankilar 2018 yilda, klub bir mavsumda MLB rekordini o'rnatganligi sababli.[314] Ular yana pley-offga chiqish huquqini qo'lga kiritishdi va yo'l olishdi ALDS, bu erda ular Red Soxga duch kelishdi. Yankilar raqiblari tomonidan uchta o'yinda mag'lubiyatga uchrab, ALCSga qaytish imkoniyatidan mahrum bo'lishdi.[315]
2019 yilda, Yankilar 103 ta o'yinda va AL East chempionatida g'alaba qozonishdi.[316] Jamoa 306ta uyinda urib, avvalgi mavsumdagi rekordni ortda qoldirdi va MLBda ikkinchi o'rinni egallab oldi Egizaklar, ularning raqiblari ALDS.[317] Minnesota shtatini supurib tashlagandan so'ng[316] Nyu-Yorkda yana biri bor edi ALCS bilan mos kelish Xyuston. Yugurib ketadigan uy Xose Altuve oltinchi o'yinda Astros besh yil ichida Yankilarni uchinchi pley-offdan chiqarib yubordi. 2010-yillar 1910-yillardan beri Yanki vimpel yutmagan birinchi kalendar o'n yil edi.[318] Oldin 2020 yilgi mavsum tomonidan qisqartirilgan 60 ta o'yin Covid-19 pandemiyasi,[319] jamoa imzo chekish orqali boshlang'ich pitchingni kuchaytirishga intildi Gerrit Koul 324 million dollarlik shartnomaga.[320] Yankilar ketma-ket to'rtinchi mavsumda qatnashish huquqiga ega bo'lishdi,[319] ammo mag'lubiyatga uchradi Tampa Bay Rays ichida ALDS.[320]
2020 yilga kelib, Yankilarning 27 ta seriyali chempionatlari MLB jamoalari orasida ikkinchi o'rinni egallab turgan Sent-Luis Kardinallari qo'lga kiritganlar sonidan 16 taga ko'p.[321] Nyu-York chempionatining umumiy natijalari Shimoliy Amerikadagi yirik professional sport ligasidagi barcha franshizalarning eng yuqori ko'rsatkichidir; The Milliy xokkey ligasi "s Monreal Canadiens 24 bilan Yankilardan keyin ikkinchi o'rinda Stenli kubogi yutadi.[322] Yankilar tomonidan qo'lga kiritilgan 40 ta vimpel, MLB jamoasi tomonidan eng ko'p yutilgani uchun ularni Kardinallar oldida 17-o'rinda turadi. Giants and Dodgers - bu 20 va undan ortiq bayroqlarga ega bo'lgan boshqa klublar.[321] The Beysbol shon-sharaf zali bor 40 dan ortiq futbolchi va menejerlarni jalb qildi Yanki pinstripes kiyganlar.[323] Forbes jurnal Yankilarni 1998 yildan buyon har yili beysbolning eng qimmat jamoasi deb tan oldi; franchayzing 2020 yilda taxminan 5 milliard dollarga teng edi.[324]
Glenn Stutning Yankilar tarixi kitobida muallif shunday yozgan:
Ko'pincha, ular beysbol o'yini qanday o'ynashini ko'rsatib berishdi. Rut, Gehrig, DiMajgio, Mantl, Mattingli, Jeter va boshqa unutish mumkin bo'lmagan o'nlab boshqa futbolchilar formalarini kiyib olishgan. Yanki stadioni ularning sahnasi bo'ldi. Sulola ta'rifining o'zi ular musofirlarni do'stlashtiradigan, o'z shaharlariga yuz bag'ishlagan va uning yuragi va qalbini aks ettiruvchi umumiy xotiralarni yaratdilar.[325]
Izohlar
- ^ Yankilar Oriol yillarini o'zlarining tarixining bir qismi deb hisoblamaydilar. Baseball-Reference.com 1901 va 1902 yilgi Oriollarni Yankilar uchun statistikasiga 2014 yilgacha kiritdi, u keyingi ikki yilni Nyu-Yorkda joylashgan mavsumlardan ajratishga qaror qildi. Rasmiy MLB tarixchisi Jon Torn yangi egalik, ro'yxatdagi yuqori tovar aylanmasi va Oriollarni ALni egallab olishiga asoslanib, o'zgarishni qo'llab-quvvatladi.[11] Appel "ko'plab tarixchilar Yanki va Oriollarni bir xil franchayza deb bilishadi" deb yozgan va zamonaviy klubning fonini "tarixiy munozaralar masalasi" deb atagan; u "Ikkala jamoani bir-birining o'rnini bosishidan boshqa bir-biriga bog'laydigan narsa kamdek tuyuladi" degan fikrda.[12]
Adabiyotlar
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- ^ Tygiel 2000 yil, 47, 49-betlar.
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- ^ Tygiel 2000 yil, p. 52.
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- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, 22-23 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 5.
- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, p. 23.
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- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 13.
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- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 16-18 betlar.
- ^ a b Appel 2012 yil, p. 18.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 16-21 bet.
- ^ "Statistika". Beysbolning oliy ligasi. Olingan 23 yanvar, 2013.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 27-39 betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 41-43 betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 44-46 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 45.
- ^ Reisler 2005 yil, p. 260.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 47-49 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 53-55 betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, p. 57.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 58-59 betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, p. 59.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 61.
- ^ Reisler 2005 yil, p. 101.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 58-59 betlar.
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- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, p. 60.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 18-19, 59-betlar.
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- ^ Haupert va qish 2003 yil, p. 92.
- ^ Gallagher 2003 yil, p. 318.
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- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, p. 75.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 81-83, 87-betlar.
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- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 182.
- ^ "Nyu-York Yankees eng yaxshi 10 ta urish bo'yicha etakchilar". Baseball-Reference.com. Olingan 26 aprel, 2020.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 94-95, 182-betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 100.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 86-87 betlar.
- ^ Haupert va qish 2003 yil, 94-96 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 106.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 91-92 betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 93-96 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 108.
- ^ 2013 yilga arziydi, p. 206.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 112–113-betlar.
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- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 118.
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- ^ Harper, Jon (2003 yil 15 aprel). "Haqiqiy uy ochuvchisi: Klassik lahza 10 - 1923 yil 18-aprel". Nyu-York Daily News. Olingan 26 yanvar, 2019.
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- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 97, 103-105 betlar.
- ^ Axisa, Mayk (2015 yil 5-yanvar). "95 yillik yubileyingiz muborak: Red Sox kompaniyasi Babey Rutni Yankilarga to'liq sotishi". CBS Sport. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2015 yil 10 yanvarda. Olingan 11-noyabr, 2018.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 105-108 betlar.
- ^ Haupert va qish 2003 yil, p. 93.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 111–113-betlar.
- ^ Xoch, Bryan (2019 yil 17-avgust). "Yanki .500 dan yuqori 27-chi to'g'ri mavsumni Clinch".. Beysbolning oliy ligasi. Olingan 28 oktyabr, 2019.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 142–143, 212-betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 116–118-betlar.
- ^ Enders 2007, 68-69 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 151-152 betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 122, 126–128 betlar.
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- ^ Traxtenberg 1995 yil, p. 158.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 131-134-betlar.
- ^ Koppett, Leonard. "1927 yildagi qotillarning qatori" Nyu-York Yanki: Hech bir jamoa bundan ham yaxshiroq bo'lmagan ". Milliy beysbol shon-sharaf zali. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2007 yil 7 aprelda. Olingan 22 iyul, 2016.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, p. 135.
- ^ Grem 1948 yil, p. 151.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, p. 46.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 164–167-betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 167–168, 172–73-betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 161, 169-170 betlar.
- ^ Surdam 2011 yil, p. 135.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, p. 47.
- ^ Enders 2007, 78-79 betlar.
- ^ Surdam 2011 yil, 86-87 betlar.
- ^ Surdam 2008 yil, p. 821.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, p. 50.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 148, 161–162-betlar.
- ^ Kosta, Huber va Saccoman 2012 yil, p. 19.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 187-188, 190-192 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 193, 195-betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 169–172-betlar.
- ^ Surdam 2008 yil, 821, 823-betlar.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, p. 52.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 212, 214-betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, p. 177.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 215.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 177–178 betlar.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, 59-66 betlar.
- ^ Enders 2007, 100-101 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 225-230 betlar.
- ^ Enders 2007, p. 101.
- ^ Gallagher 2003 yil, 10, 378-betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 195-200 betlar.
- ^ Grem 1948 yil, p. 288.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 244-252 betlar.
- ^ Gallagher 2003 yil, p. 30.
- ^ Grem 1948 yil, 299, 311-316 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 264-265 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 271-273-betlar.
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- ^ a b Appel 2012 yil, p. 275.
- ^ Halberstam 2006 yil, p. 264.
- ^ Halberstam 2006 yil, 270–271, 284-betlar.
- ^ Halberstam 2006 yil, p. 295.
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- ^ Allen 2008 yil, 55-59 betlar.
- ^ Golenbok 2010 yil, p. 151.
- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, p. 294.
- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, p. 230.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 172–173-betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 236–242 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 295-296 betlar.
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- ^ a b v "Beysbolga yo'naltirilgan pley-off va jahon seriyalari indeksi". Baseball-Reference.com. Olingan 26 aprel, 2020.
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- ^ Golenbok 2010 yil, 293–298 betlar.
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- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, 291, 294-295-betlar.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, p. 99.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 272-273 betlar.
- ^ Golenbok 2010 yil, 371-372-betlar.
- ^ Golenbok 2010 yil, 455-456 betlar.
- ^ "Rojer Maris". Baseball-Reference.com. Olingan 17 fevral, 2014.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 331–334-betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 333–334-betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 335.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 278-285-betlar.
- ^ Xirdt, Stiv (2001 yil 27 aprel). "61-yilgi afsonalar, noto'g'ri tushunchalar va yulduzcha". ESPN. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2016 yil 12 mayda. Olingan 9 aprel, 2017.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 340.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 337, 341-betlar.
- ^ Golenbok 2010 yil, 563-569 betlar.
- ^ Golenbok 2010 yil, 571, 605-606 betlar.
- ^ Allen 2008 yil, 67-68 betlar.
- ^ Allen 2008 yil, 69-73 betlar.
- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, 305-306 betlar.
- ^ Golenbok 2010 yil, 496-498 betlar.
- ^ Bashe 1994 yil, 77-78 betlar.
- ^ Koen 2004 yil, 9-10 betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 359-360-betlar.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, p. 359.
- ^ Neyer 2007 yil, p. 85.
- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, 321, 363-betlar.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, 135, 138, 240-betlar.
- ^ "Nyu-Yorkdagi yankilarning tashrifi, stadionlar va park omillari". Baseball-Reference.com. Olingan 26 aprel, 2014.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 363-364 betlar.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 462-463 betlar.
- ^ Koen 2004 yil, 86-87 betlar.
- ^ Bashe 1994 yil, 186, 195-betlar.
- ^ Bashe 1994 yil, 166–167, 173-betlar.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, p. 138.
- ^ Bashe 1994 yil, 231–232 betlar.
- ^ Bashe 1994 yil, 237–238 betlar.
- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, p. 325.
- ^ Bashe 1994 yil, p. 237.
- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, 325-326-betlar.
- ^ Fetter 2005 yil, 327-328-betlar.
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- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 317-319-betlar.
- ^ a b Pepe 1998 yil, p. 156.
- ^ Allen 2000 yil, p. 26.
- ^ a b Oddiy 2002 yil, p. 330.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, p. 157.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, 163–169-betlar.
- ^ Allen 2000 yil, p. 54.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 427-428, 432-443.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, 173–175-betlar.
- ^ Enders 2007, p. 196.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 430, 432-betlar.
- ^ Herrmann, Mark (2014 yil 22-iyun). "Goose Gossage yodgorlik parkiga kiradigan plakatni olayotganda Yanki stadionida qahramonni kutib oldi". Yangiliklar kuni. Olingan 9 may, 2016.
- ^ Oddiy 2002 yil, 351-353 betlar.
- ^ Frommer & Frommer 2014 yil, 173–174-betlar.
- ^ Pepe 1998 yil, p. 195.
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- ^ a b v Oddiy 2002 yil, p. 380.
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- ^ Olney 2005 yil, 51-52 betlar.
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- ^ Pepe 2013, 57-61 bet.
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- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 526-530-betlar.
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- ^ Pepe 2013, 145–147 betlar.
- ^ Koen 2012 yil, xii bet, 251-252.
- ^ Appel 2012 yil, 569-571 betlar.
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- ^ Bondi, Filip (2017 yil 14-avgust). "Yanki va Metlar bu metro seriyasining qarama-qarshi yo'llarida". The New York Times. Olingan 26 aprel, 2020.
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- ^ Reyter, Ben (20.03.2018). "Giankarlo Stanton qanday qilib yankilarga beysbolning eng dahshatli tarkibini yaratish bo'yicha muzokaralar olib bordi". Sport Illustrated. Olingan 1 iyun, 2018.
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