Falastin davlatining xalqaro miqyosda tan olinishi - International recognition of the State of Palestine

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Falastin davlatining tashqi aloqalari

  Falastin davlati
  Falastin davlatini tan olgan mamlakatlar
  Falastin davlatini tan olmagan davlatlar

The Falastin davlatining xalqaro miqyosda tan olinishi ning maqsadi bo'ldi Falastinni ozod qilish tashkiloti (PLO) yildan beri Falastinning mustaqillik deklaratsiyasi tashkil topganligini e'lon qildi Falastin davlati 1988 yil 15-noyabrda Jazoir, Jazoir surgundagi favqulodda sessiyada Falastin milliy kengashi. Deklaratsiyani bir qator mamlakatlar zudlik bilan tan olishdi,[1] va yil oxiriga kelib e'lon qilingan davlatni 78 dan ortiq mamlakat tan oldi.[2] 2019 yil 31-iyul holatiga ko'ra, 193tadan 138tasi Birlashgan Millatlar (BMT) ga a'zo davlatlar va unga a'zo bo'lmagan ikki davlat buni tan oldi. Bundan tashqari, Falastin 2012 yilning noyabridan buyon BMTning a'zo bo'lmagan kuzatuvchi davlati hisoblanadi.[3][4]

Davom etayotgan masalani hal qilishga urinish sifatida Isroil-Falastin to'qnashuvi, Oslo shartnomalari o'rtasida imzolangan Isroil 1993 va 1995 yillarda FKK tashkil etilgan Falastin milliy ma'muriyati (PNA) qismlarida o'zini o'zi boshqaradigan vaqtinchalik boshqaruv sifatida G'arbiy Sohil va G'azo sektori. Keyin Isroilning G'azodan ajralib chiqishi 2005 yilda, HAMAS butun Strip ustidan nazoratni o'z qo'liga oldi.

Andorra, Armaniston, Avstraliya, Bagama orollari, Kanada, Frantsiya, Germaniya, Gretsiya, Falastin davlat sifatida tan olinmagan. Isroil, Italiya, Yamayka, Yaponiya, Kiribati, Lixtenshteyn, Marshall orollari, Meksika, Mikroneziya Federativ Shtatlari, Myanma, Nauru, Yangi Zelandiya, Shimoliy Makedoniya, Palau, Panama, Samoa, Singapur, Janubiy Koreya, Ispaniya, Shveytsariya, Tonga, Tuvalu, Buyuk Britaniya va Qo'shma Shtatlar, Boshqalar orasida. Garchi ushbu mamlakatlar odatda ba'zi bir shakllarini qo'llab-quvvatlasa ham ikki holatli echim mojaroga, ular Falastin davlatini tan olishlari shart bo'lgan pozitsiyani egallaydilar Isroil va PNA o'rtasida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri muzokaralar.

Fon

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Falastin va Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti va Falastinning tashqi aloqalari

1974 yil 22-noyabrda, Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Bosh Assambleyasining 3236-sonli qarori Falastin xalqining huquqini tan oldi o'z taqdirini o'zi belgilash, milliy mustaqillik va suverenitet yilda Falastin. Shuningdek, Falastin xalqini ozod qilish tashkilotini Falastin xalqining yagona qonuniy vakili deb tan oldi va unga rozi bo'ldi kuzatuvchi Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotidagi maqomi. Falastinni ozod qilish uchun "Falastin" belgilanishi Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti tomonidan 1988 yilda Falastinning mustaqilligini e'lon qilishda qabul qilingan, ammo e'lon qilingan davlat hali ham rasmiy maqomga ega emas tizim.

1988 yilgi deklaratsiyadan ko'p o'tmay, Falastin davlatini ko'pchilik tan oldi rivojlanayotgan davlatlar Afrika va Osiyoda va kommunistik va hizalanmagan davlatlar.[5][6] Ammo o'sha paytda Qo'shma Shtatlar undan foydalangan Xorijiy yordam to'g'risidagi qonun va boshqa mamlakatlar va xalqaro tashkilotlarning tan olinishini uzaytirishga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun boshqa choralar.[7] Ushbu chora-tadbirlar ko'p hollarda muvaffaqiyatli bo'lgan bo'lsa-da,[8] The Arab Ligasi va Islom konferentsiyasini tashkil etish (IHT) har ikkala forumda ham a'zo davlat sifatida qabul qilingan Falastinni tan olish, qo'llab-quvvatlash va unga birdamlik to'g'risida bayonotlarni darhol e'lon qildi.[9][10][11]

1989 yil fevral oyida Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Xavfsizlik Kengashida FHK vakili 94 davlat yangi Falastin davlatini tan olganligini tan oldi.[12][13] Keyinchalik u bir nechta davlat sifatida a'zo bo'lishga harakat qildi agentliklar Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga ulangan, ammo uning harakatlari AQShning Falastinni qabul qilgan har qanday tashkilotdan mablag 'ajratib qo'yishi haqidagi tahdidlari bilan to'xtatildi.[14] Masalan, o'sha yilning aprel oyida FKK davlat sifatida a'zo bo'lish uchun ariza bergan Jahon Sog'liqni saqlash tashkiloti, ariza AQSh Falastinga qabul qilinsa, mablag'ni olib qo'yishi haqida tashkilotga xabar berganidan keyin natija bermadi.[15] May oyida IHTning bir guruh a'zolari ariza topshirdilar YuNESKO Falastin nomidan a'zo bo'lish uchun ariza va Falastin davlatini tan olgan jami 91 davlat ro'yxati.[2]

1989 yil iyun oyida FHK Shveytsariya hukumatiga ushbu tashkilotga qo'shilish to'g'risida xatlarni taqdim etdi Jeneva konvensiyalari 1949 yil. Ammo Shveytsariya depozitar davlat sifatida Falastinning davlatchilik masalasi xalqaro hamjamiyat ichida hal qilinmaganligi sababli, ushbu xatning qo'shilishning haqiqiy hujjati ekanligini aniqlashga qodir emasligini aniqladi.[15]

Xalqaro hamjamiyatda Falastin davlatining mavjudligi yoki yo'qligi borasidagi [noaniqlik] tufayli va bu masala tegishli doirada hal qilinmagan ekan, Shveytsariya hukumati depozitariy sifatida Jeneva konventsiyalari va ularning qo'shimcha protokollari ushbu kongressning tegishli qoidalari va ularning qo'shimcha protokollari ma'nosida ushbu ma'lumotni qo'shilish vositasi sifatida ko'rib chiqish mumkinmi yoki yo'qligini hal qilish imkoniyatiga ega emas.[16]

Binobarin, 1989 yil noyabr oyida Arab Ligasi Bosh Assambleya tomonidan Falastin Falastinini mustaqil Falastin davlati hukumati sifatida rasman tan olish to'g'risida qaror qabul qildi. Biroq, loyiha, agar ovoz berish davom etadigan bo'lsa, AQSh yana Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga moliyalashtirishni to'xtatib qo'yishi bilan tahdid qilganda bekor qilindi. Arab davlatlari rezolyutsiyani bosmaslikka rozi bo'lishdi, ammo AQShdan BMTni yana moliyaviy sanktsiyalar bilan tahdid qilmaslik va'dasini talab qilishdi.[17]

Falastin davlatini tan olish to'g'risidagi dastlabki bayonotlarning aksariyati noaniq deb nomlangan.[18] Bundan tashqari, boshqalarning ikkilanishi, bu xalqlarning Falastinni davlat deb hisoblamasligini anglatmas edi.[15] Bu 1988 yilda e'lon qilingan davlatni rasman tan olgan davlatlar soniga nisbatan chalkashliklarni keltirib chiqardi. Ilgari berilgan raqamlar ko'pincha ziddiyatli,[19] 130 ga yaqin raqamlar tez-tez ko'rinib turadi.[8][20] 2011 yil iyul oyida, bilan suhbatda Haaretz, Falastinning BMTdagi elchisi, Riyod Mansur 122 shtat rasmiy tan olishni kengaytirgan deb da'vo qilmoqda.[21] Oyning oxirida Falastinni ozod qilish tashkiloti dunyo hukumatlari nima uchun Falastin davlatini tan olishlari kerakligi to'g'risida maqolani e'lon qildi va buni amalga oshirgan 122 mamlakatni sanab o'tdi.[22] Xuddi shu yilning sentyabr oyi oxiriga kelib, Mansur bu ko'rsatkich 139 ga etganini da'vo qildi.[23]

Isroilning pozitsiyasi

Oxiri o'rtasida Olti kunlik urush va Oslo shartnomalari, hech bir Isroil hukumati Falastin davlatini taklif qilmagan.[iqtibos kerak ] Bosh vazir Benyamin Netanyaxu hukumati davrida 1996–1999 yillarda u avvalgi ikki Rabin va Peres hukumatlarini Falastin davlatining "xavfi" deb da'vo qilgan narsalarini amalga oshirishga yaqinlashtirganlikda ayblagan va o'zining asosiy siyosiy maqsadi - ta'minlash Falastin ma'muriyati avtonomiyadan tashqarida rivojlanmaganligi.

2001 yil noyabrda, Ariel Sharon Falastin davlati mojaroni hal qilish va uning ma'muriyatining maqsadi deb e'lon qilgan birinchi Isroil Bosh vaziri edi.[iqtibos kerak ] Boshchiligidagi hukumat Ehud Olmert xuddi shu maqsadni takrorladi. Hozirgi inauguratsiyadan so'ng Netanyaxu hukumati 2009 yilda hukumat yana Falastin davlati Isroil uchun xavf tug'diradi deb da'vo qildi.[24] Biroq, hukumatning pozitsiyasi, bosim ostida bo'lganidan keyin o'zgardi Obama ma'muriyati va 2009 yil 14 iyunda, Netanyaxu birinchi marta u a tushunchasini qo'llab-quvvatlagan ma'ruza qildi qurolsizlangan va Falastin davlati hududiy jihatdan qisqartirildi.[25] Ushbu pozitsiya kelajakda Falastin davlatiga berilishi kerak bo'lgan hududlarda majburiyat yo'qligi uchun ba'zi tanqidlarga duch keldi.

Isroil hukumati umuman Falastin davlati tashkil etilishi haqidagi g'oyani qabul qildi, ammo 1967 yilgi chegaralarni qabul qilishdan bosh tortdi. Isroil harbiy mutaxassislari 1967 yilgi chegaralar strategik jihatdan himoyasiz deb ta'kidladilar.[26] Shuningdek, u Falastinning davlatchilik masalasida BMT Bosh assambleyasiga murojaat qilish rejasiga qarshi chiqadi, chunki u har ikki tomon bir tomonlama harakatlarni amalga oshirmaslikka rozi bo'lgan Oslo kelishuviga rioya qilmasligini da'vo qilmoqda.[27]

Naftali Bennet va Ayelet silkidi deb bir necha bor ta'kidladilar ziyofat Yamina ga rasmiy ravishda qarshi chiqadigan yagona narsa tashkil etish a Falastin davlati.[28]

Falastin Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotida

1974 yil 14 oktyabrda Falastinni ozod qilish tashkiloti (PLO) BMT tomonidan tan olingan Bosh assambleya Falastin xalqining vakili sifatida va umumiy yig'ilishlarda Falastin masalasi bo'yicha Bosh assambleyaning muhokamalarida qatnashish huquqini berdi.[29][30]

1974 yil 22-noyabrda FKKga ruxsat berildi nodavlat kuzatuvchi maqomi, FHDni Assambleyaning barcha sessiyalarida, shuningdek BMTning boshqa platformalarida ishtirok etishiga imkon beradi.[31]

1988 yil 15-dekabrda, BMT Bosh assambleyasining 43/177 rezolyutsiyasi "tan oldi" Falastinning mustaqillik deklaratsiyasi 1988 yil noyabrda va BMT tizimida "Falastinni ozod qilish tashkiloti" belgisini "Falastin" belgisi bilan almashtirdi.[32]

2011 yil 23 sentyabrda Prezident Mahmud Abbos Falastinni Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga a'zo bo'lish uchun ariza topshirdi.

2012 yil 29-noyabrda Bosh assambleya Falastinga huquq berdi a'zo bo'lmagan kuzatuvchi davlat holati Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Bosh Assambleyasining 67/19 sonli qarori.

2012 yil 17 dekabrda BMT protokoli bo'yicha boshlig'i Yeocheol Yoon "Falastin davlati" belgilanishi Kotibiyat tomonidan Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining barcha rasmiy hujjatlarida qo'llaniladi "degan qarorga keldi.[33]

BMTga a'zo bo'lish uchun ariza, 2011 yil

Asosiy maqola: Falastin 194

Isroil bilan olib borilgan muzokaralarda ikki yillik tanglikdan so'ng Falastin ma'muriyati Falastin davlati chegaralarida Falastin davlatini tan olish uchun diplomatik kampaniyani boshladi. Olti kunlik urush, bilan Sharqiy Quddus uning poytaxti sifatida.[34] 2009 yil oxirida boshlangan sa'y-harakatlar Prezident bo'lgan 2011 yil sentyabr oyida keng e'tiborni tortdi Mahmud Abbos Falastinni a'zo davlat sifatida qabul qilish to'g'risida Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga ariza topshirdi. Bu Falastin davlatining jamoaviy tan olinishini anglatishi mumkin edi, bu uning hukumatiga boshqa davlatlarga nisbatan qonuniy da'volarni ko'rib chiqishga imkon beradi. xalqaro sudlar.[35][36]

Shtat Bosh Assambleyaga a'zo bo'lish uchun uni qo'llash uchdan ikki qismining qo'llab-quvvatlashiga ega bo'lishi kerak a'zo davlatlar dan kirish uchun oldindan tavsiya bilan Xavfsizlik Kengashi. Buning uchun a yo'qligi kerak veto Xavfsizlik Kengashining beshta doimiy a'zosidan.[35] Qo'shma Shtatlar tomonidan veto qo'yilishi mumkin bo'lgan taqdirda, Falastin rahbarlari "a'zo bo'lmagan davlat" maqomini yanada cheklangan darajaga ko'tarishni afzal ko'rishlari kerakligini ishora qildilar, buning uchun faqat oddiy ko'pchilik Bosh assambleyada, ammo falastinliklarga ular xohlagan e'tirofni taqdim etadi.

"Falastin 194" deb nomlangan kampaniya,[37] rasmiy ravishda Arab Ligasi tomonidan may oyida qo'llab-quvvatlandi,[38] va 26 iyun kuni FHD tomonidan rasman tasdiqlangan.[39] Ushbu qarorni Isroil hukumati bir tomonlama qadam sifatida belgilab qo'ygan, Falastin hukumati esa, hozirgi tanglikdan chiqish uchun juda zarur deb hisoblagan. Germaniya va Kanada kabi bir qator boshqa mamlakatlar ham qarorni rad etib, muzokaralarga tezda qaytishga chaqirishdi. Biroq, Norvegiya va Rossiya kabi boshqa ko'plab odamlar ham rejani ma'qullashdi Bosh kotib Pan Gi Mun, kim aytdi: "BMT a'zolari BMTda Falastin davlatligini tan olishga qarshi yoki qarshi ovoz berish huquqiga ega."[40]

Photo of Mahmoud Abbas and Brazilian President Lula da Silva in a joint press conference
Prezident Luis Inasio Lula da Silva Braziliya 2010 yil dekabr oyida Falastin davlatini rasman tan oldi.[41]

Tender taklifini qo'llab-quvvatlashga qaratilgan diplomatik sa'y-harakatlar 2011 yil boshida Janubiy Amerikaning bir qator tasdiqlashlaridan so'ng tezlashdi.[41][42] Boshchiligidagi yuqori darajadagi delegatsiyalar Yoser Abed Rabbo, Riyod al-Malikiy, Saeb Erekat, Nabil Shaat va Riyod Mansur ko'plab shtatlarga pullik tashriflar. Falastin elchilari, boshqa arab davlatlari yordam bergan, ular akkreditatsiyadan o'tgan hukumatlar tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanganligi uchun ayblangan.[42] Ovoz berish oldidan Rossiya, Xitoy va Ispaniya Falastin taklifini qo'llab-quvvatlashlarini va'da berishdi,[43][44] kabi hukumatlararo tashkilotlar singari Afrika ittifoqi,[45] va Qo'shilmaslik harakati.[46]

Isroil ushbu tashabbusga qarshi choralar ko'rdi,[47] Germaniya, Italiya, Kanada va AQSh ushbu qarorga qarshi ovoz berishlarini ommaviy ravishda e'lon qilishdi.[42] Isroil va AQSh diplomatlari aksariyat mamlakatlarni ovoz berishga qarshi bo'lishlari yoki qatnashmasliklari uchun bosim o'tkazadigan kampaniyani boshladilar.[42] Biroq, Bosh assambleyada falastinliklar "avtomatik ko'pchilik" dan foydalanganliklari sababli,[48] The Netanyaxu ma'muriyat qaror qabul qilinishiga yo'l qo'yilmasa, qaror qabul qilinishiga to'sqinlik qilmoqchi emasligini aytdi.[47][49] Avgust oyida, Haaretz Isroilning BMTdagi elchisining so'zlarini keltiradi, Ron Prosor, sentyabr oyigacha Isroil Bosh assambleyadagi rezolyutsiyani to'sib qo'yolmasligini bildirgan. "Biz umid qilishimiz mumkin bo'lgan maksimal narsa - ovoz berish paytida betaraf qoladigan yoki yo'q bo'lgan bir guruh davlatlar uchun", deb yozgan Prosor. Faqat bir nechta davlatlar Falastin tashabbusiga qarshi ovoz berishadi ”dedi.[50]

Buning o'rniga Isroil hukumati asosiy demokratik kuchlarning "axloqiy ko'pchiligini" olishga e'tibor qaratdi va ovozlarning vaznini kamaytirishga harakat qildi.[51][52] Pozitsiyasiga katta vazn qo'yildi Yevropa Ittifoqi,[53][54] hali e'lon qilinmagan edi. Evropa Ittifoqining tashqi siyosat bo'yicha rahbari Ketrin Eshton ehtimol rezolyutsiya matniga bog'liq bo'lishi mumkinligini aytdi.[55] Avgust oyi oxirida Isroil mudofaa vaziri Ehud Barak Eshtonga Isroil ushbu tahrirga ta'sir o'tkazishga intilayotganini aytdi: "Barcha futbolchilar tomonlarga oldindan shartlar qo'yishga harakat qilmasdan, muzokaralarga tezda qaytishini ta'kidlaydigan matnni ishlab chiqishi juda muhimdir".[56]

Ham Isroil, ham AQShning sa'y-harakatlari Falastin rahbariyatiga o'z rejalaridan voz kechib, muzokaralarga qaytish uchun bosim o'tkazishga qaratilgan.[54] AQShda, Kongress tashabbusni qoralovchi va chaqiruvchi qonun loyihasini qabul qildi Obama Falastin davlatini tan oladigan har qanday qarorga veto qo'yish uchun ma'muriyat ikki tomon tomonidan muzokara qilingan kelishuvdan tashqari e'lon qilindi.[57] Xuddi shunday qonun loyihasi ham qabul qilindi Senat, shuningdek, G'arbiy Sohilga yordamni qaytarib olish bilan tahdid qildi.[58][59] Avgust oyi oxirida AQSh hukumatini blokirovka qilishni taklif qiladigan yana bir Kongress qonun loyihasi taqdim etildi uchun mablag ' Falastinga yuqori maqom berishni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan har qanday Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti.[60] AQShning bir necha yuqori martabali amaldorlari, jumladan Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotidagi elchisi Syuzan Rays va Quddusdagi bosh konsul Daniel Daniel Rubinshteyn ham shunga o'xshash tahdidlar qilgan.[61][62] Xuddi shu oyda Isroil Moliya vazirligi PNA-ga har oylik to'lovlarni ushlab qolayotgani haqida xabar berilgan edi.[63] Tashqi ishlar vaziri Avigdor Liberman agar falastinliklar Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotida bir tomonlama harakatlar qilsalar, ular Oslo shartnomasini buzgan bo'lishlari va Isroil endi o'zini ular bilan bog'langan deb hisoblamasligi haqida ogohlantirdi.[54] Shuningdek, u PNA bilan barcha aloqalarni kesishni tavsiya qildi.[56]

Photo of Mahmoud Abbas and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in a joint press conference
Prezident Dmitriy Medvedev Rossiyaning 2011 yil yanvar oyida Falastin davlatini qo'llab-quvvatlashini yana bir bor tasdiqladi.[64]

2011 yil 11-iyul kuni Kvartet muzokaralarga qaytishni muhokama qilish uchun uchrashdi, ammo uchrashuv hech qanday natija bermadi.[65] Prezident Mahmud Abbos agar isroilliklar 1967 yilgi chegaralarga rozi bo'lsa va kengayishni to'xtatsa, u taklifni to'xtatib, muzokaralarga qaytishini da'vo qildi aholi punktlari G'arbiy Sohilda.

PNA kampaniyasi tubanlik faolligini qo'llab-quvvatlash darajasi tobora ortib bordi. Avaaz Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining barcha a'zolarini Falastinni qabul qilish taklifini qo'llab-quvvatlashga chaqirgan onlayn petitsiyani boshladi; Xabar qilinishicha, dastlabki to'rt kun ichida 500 ming elektron imzo yig'ilgan.[66] OneVoice Falastin Falastin fuqarolarini jalb qilish va qo'llab-quvvatlash maqsadida mahalliy axborot agentliklari bilan hamkorlikda ichki kampaniyani boshladi.[67] Chet elda, bir nechta mamlakatlarda kampaniyalar boshlanib, o'z hukumatlarini rezolyutsiyada "ha" deb ovoz berishga chaqirishdi.[68][69] 7 sentyabr kuni "Falastin: 194-sonli davlat" bayrog'i ostida bir guruh falastinlik faollar Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining ofisi oldida namoyish o'tkazdilar. Ramalloh.[70] Namoyish paytida ular idoraga Bosh kotib Pan Gi Munga "Falastin xalqining adolatli talablarini bajarish uchun barcha imkoniyatlarni ishga solishga" da'vat etgan maktubni topshirdilar. Ertasi kuni Ban Ban jurnalistlarga shunday dedi: "Men ... Falastin davlatini qo'llab-quvvatlayman; mustaqil, suveren Falastin davlati. Bu uzoq vaqtdan beri edi", ammo u "davlatni tan olish belgilaydigan narsa. a'zo davlatlar. "[71]

Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining boshqa organlari ilgari Falastin davlatini ko'rishga tayyorligini bildirgan edi. 2011 yil aprel oyida BMTning Yaqin Sharqdagi tinchlik jarayoni bo'yicha koordinatori Falastin ma'muriyatining davlat qurilishidagi taraqqiyoti to'g'risida hisobot chiqardi va "uning ma'muriyatining jihatlari mustaqil davlat uchun etarli" deb ta'rifladi.[72] Bu bir hafta oldin e'lon qilingan shunga o'xshash bahoni takrorladi Xalqaro valyuta fondi.[73] The Jahon banki 2010 yil sentyabr oyida Falastin ma'muriyatini yaqin kelajakda istalgan nuqtada "davlat barpo etish uchun yaxshi mavqega ega" deb topgan hisobotini e'lon qildi. Biroq, hisobotda ta'kidlanganidek, agar bo'lmasa xususiy sektorning o'sishi Falastin iqtisodiyoti rag'batlantirilsa, Falastin davlati saqlanib qoladi donorga bog'liq.[74]

A'zo bo'lmagan kuzatuvchi davlat maqomi

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Bosh Assambleyasining 67/19 sonli qarori
BMT kuzatuvchilarining davlat maqomi bo'yicha ovoz berish natijalari:
  Foydasiga   Qarshi   Betaraf   Yo'q   A'zo bo'lmaganlar

2012 yil sentyabr oyi mobaynida Falastin "kuzatuvchi tashkilot" dan maqomini oshirishga qaror qildi "a'zo bo'lmagan kuzatuvchi davlat". O'sha yilning 27-noyabrida murojaat rasmiy ravishda qabul qilinganligi va 29-noyabr kuni Bosh assambleyada ovozga qo'yilishi e'lon qilindi, bu erda maqomni ko'tarish shtatlarning aksariyati tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanishi kutilgandi. Qaror loyihasi Falastinga "a'zo bo'lmagan kuzatuvchi davlat maqomi" berishdan tashqari, "Xavfsizlik Kengashi 2011 yil 23 sentyabrda Falastin davlati tomonidan Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining to'liq a'zoligiga qabul qilish to'g'risida yuborgan arizasini ijobiy ko'rib chiqadi degan umidni bildiradi; 1967 yilgacha bo'lgan chegaralarga asoslangan ikki davlat qarorini ma'qullaydi va ikki tomon o'rtasidagi muzokaralarni zudlik bilan qayta boshlash zarurligini ta'kidlaydi. "

2012 yil 29 noyabr payshanba kuni 138–9 ovoz bilan (41 betaraf qolgan holda) Bosh Assambleyaning 67/19 sonli qarori qabul qilindi va Falastin Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotida "a'zo bo'lmagan kuzatuvchi davlat" maqomiga ko'tarildi.[75][76] Yangi maqom Falastinning maqomiga tenglashtirildi Muqaddas qarang. Statusning o'zgarishi tomonidan tavsiflangan Mustaqil kabi "amalda Falastinning suveren davlatini tan olish ".[77] Ovoz berish "yo'q" bo'ldi Kanada, Chex Respublikasi, Isroil, Marshal orollari, Mikroneziya Federativ Shtatlari, Nauru, Palau, Panama va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari.

Ovoz berish uchun muhim ko'rsatkich bo'ldi qisman tan olingan Falastin davlati va uning fuqarolari, bu esa Isroil va AQSh uchun diplomatik muvaffaqiyatsizlik edi. BMTdagi kuzatuvchi davlat maqomi Falastin davlatiga shartnomalarga qo'shilish va BMTning ixtisoslashgan agentliklari,[78] dengizlar qonuni shartnomasi va Xalqaro jinoiy sud. Bu Falastinga BMT tomonidan tan olingan suveren davlat sifatida o'z hududiy suvlari va havo kosmosida qonuniy huquqlarni amalga oshirishga ruxsat beradi va Falastin xalqiga Xalqaro sudda o'z hududi ustidan suverenitet to'g'risida da'vo qilish va "insoniyatga qarshi jinoyatlar" olib borish huquqini beradi. "va harbiy jinoyatlar, shu jumladan hududni noqonuniy egallab olish ayblovlari Falastin davlati, Isroilga qarshi Xalqaro jinoiy sud.[79][80]

Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti qaror qabul qilingandan so'ng Falastinga BMTdagi o'z vakolatxonasini "BMTning doimiy kuzatuvchi missiyasi" deb nomlashiga ruxsat berdi. Shtat Falastin Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga ",[81] ko'pchilik tomonidan BMTning aksi sifatida ko'rilgan amalda xalqaro qonunlarga muvofiq Falastin davlatining suverenitetini tan olish pozitsiyasi,[75] va Falastin o'z nomini tegishli ravishda pochta markalarida, rasmiy hujjatlar va pasportlarda qayta nomlashni boshladi.[76][82] Shuningdek, Falastin hukumati o'z diplomatlariga "rasmiy ravishda vakillik qilishni buyurdi"Falastin davlati "dan farqli o'laroq"Falastin milliy ma'muriyati ".[76] Bundan tashqari, 2012 yil 17-dekabrda BMT protokoli bo'yicha rahbari Yeocheol Yoon "Kotibiyat tomonidan" Falastin davlati "nomi Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining barcha rasmiy hujjatlarida ishlatilishi" to'g'risida qaror qabul qildi,[33] tan olish "Falastin davlati "Falastin millatining rasmiy nomi sifatida.

2013 yil 26 sentyabr payshanba kuni Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotida Mahmud Abbos Bosh assambleyaning minbarga chiqish va Bosh assambleyada nutq so'zlashni kutayotgan davlat rahbarlari uchun ajratilgan bej rang kafedrasida o'tirish huquqini oldi.[83]

Boshqa lavozimlar

Diplomatik tan olish

BMTga a'zo davlatlar

Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining 193 ta a'zo davlatlaridan 138 tasi (71,5%) Falastin davlatini 2019 yil 31 iyul holatiga ko'ra tan oldi.[84] Quyidagi ro'yxat 2011 yilda Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotini tan olish kampaniyasi paytida Falastinni ozod qilish tashkiloti tomonidan olib borilgan ro'yxatga asoslangan,[22] va BMTdagi doimiy kuzatuvchilar missiyasi tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi.[85]

Quyida yulduzcha (*) bilan belgilangan ba'zi davlatlar 1967 yil 4 iyundagi Falastin davlatini aniq tan oldilar (ya'ni, G'arbiy Sohil, G'azo va Sharqiy Quddus ga qadar arablar hududini tashkil etgan Olti kunlik urush.

#Ism[86]E'tirof etilgan sanaDiplomatik munosabatlar [1-eslatma]Tegishli a'zolik, qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
1 Jazoir1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]Ha[87]Arab Ligasi, IHT, Afrika Ittifoqi (AU); Jazoir - Falastin munosabatlari
2 Bahrayn1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]Ha[88]Arab Ligasi, IHT
3 Iroq1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT; Iroq-Falastin munosabatlari
4 Quvayt1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]Ha[89]Arab Ligasi, IHT[90]
5 Liviya1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT, AU
6 Malayziya1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]HaIHT; Malayziya - Falastin munosabatlari
7 Mavritaniya1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT, AU
8 Marokash1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT, AU[91][92]
9 Somali1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT, AU
10 Tunis1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]Ha[93]Arab Ligasi, IHT, AU
11 kurka1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]Ha[94]IHT; Falastin-Turkiya munosabatlari
12 Yaman1988 yil 15-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tan olish ikkalasi tomonidan kengaytirilgan Demokratik Yaman va Yaman Arab Respublikasi, gacha Yamanning birlashishi. Ga qo'shma xatda BMT Bosh kotibi Shimoliy va Janubiy Yaman tashqi ishlar vazirlari birlashish arafasida jo'natishgan edi: "Yaman Arab Respublikasi yoki Yaman Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi va boshqa davlatlar va xalqaro tashkilotlar o'rtasida tuzilgan barcha shartnomalar va bitimlar xalqaro huquqlarga muvofiq. 1990 yil 22 mayda kuchga kiradi va 1990 yil 22 mayda Yaman Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi va Yaman Arab Respublikasi va boshqa davlatlar o'rtasida mavjud bo'lgan xalqaro munosabatlar davom etadi. "[95]
13 Afg'oniston1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]Ha[96]IHT
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Afg'oniston Demokratik Respublikasi.
14 Bangladesh1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]HaIHT
15 Kuba1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]Ha—
16 Indoneziya1988 yil 16-noyabr[97]Ha[97]IHT; Indoneziya-Falastin munosabatlari
17 Iordaniya1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT
18 Madagaskar1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]Yo'qAU
19 Maltada1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]HaEI
20 Nikaragua1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]Ha—
21 Pokiston1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]HaIHT; Pokiston-Falastin munosabatlari
22 Qatar1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT
23 Saudiya Arabistoni16 noyabr 1988 yil[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT
24 Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT; Falastin - Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari munosabatlari
25 Serbiya1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]Ha[98]—, Falastin-Serbiya munosabatlari
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Yugoslaviya Sotsialistik Federativ Respublikasi (SFRY). BMT buni tan olmagan bo'lsa-da Yugoslaviya Federativ Respublikasi (keyinchalik qayta nomlandi Serbiya va Chernogoriya, o'zi muvaffaqiyat qozonishi kerak Serbiya 2006 yilda) o'z vorisi sifatida o'zini shunday deb da'vo qiladi va SFRY tomonidan o'tkaziladigan barcha ratifikatsiya, imzo va e'tiroflarga rioya qilishga va'da beradi.
26 Zambiya1988 yil 16-noyabr[2]HaAU
27 Albaniya1988 yil 17-noyabr[2]Ha[99]IHT; Albaniya-Falastin munosabatlari
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Albaniya Xalq Sotsialistik Respublikasi.
28 Bruney-Darussalom1988 yil 17-noyabr[2]HaIHT[100]
29 Jibuti1988 yil 17-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT, AU
30 Mavrikiy1988 yil 17-noyabr[2]HaAU
31 Sudan1988 yil 17-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT, AU[101]
32 Kipr1988 yil 18-noyabr*[2]HaEI; Kipr-Falastin munosabatlari
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
2011 yil yanvar oyida Kipr hukumati 1988 yilda Falastin davlatini tan olganligini yana bir bor tasdiqladi va 1967 yilgacha bo'lgan chegaralardagi o'zgarishlarni tan olmasligini qo'shimcha qildi.[102]
33 Chex Respublikasi1988 yil 18-noyabr[2]HaEI
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Chexoslovakiya Sotsialistik Respublikasi.[2] Keyingi uning erishi, Chexiya ham, Slovakiya ham aloqalarni saqlab qolishdi.
34 Slovakiya1988 yil 18-noyabr[2]HaEI
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Chexoslovakiya Sotsialistik Respublikasi.[2] Keyingi uning erishi, Chexiya ham, Slovakiya ham aloqalarni saqlab qolishdi.
35 Misr1988 yil 18-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT, AU; Misr-Falastin munosabatlari
36 Gambiya1988 yil 18-noyabr[85]HaIHT, AU
37 Hindiston1988 yil 18-noyabr[2]Ha[103]Hindiston-Falastin munosabatlari
38 Nigeriya1988 yil 18-noyabr[2]HaIHT, AU
39 Seyshel orollari1988 yil 18-noyabr[2]HaAU
40 Shri-Lanka1988 yil 18-noyabr[2]Ha—
41 Belorussiya1988 yil 19-noyabr[2]Ha—
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar

Tanib olish darajasi kengaytirilgan Belorussiya Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi. Belorussiya SSRning huquqiy vorisi va Konstitutsiya unda "Belorussiya Respublikasi hududida ushbu Konstitutsiya kuchga kirgunga qadar qo'llanilgan qonunlar, farmonlar va boshqa hujjatlar uning Belorusiya Konstitutsiyasiga zid bo'lmagan ayrim qismlarida qo'llaniladi. . "[104]

42 Gvineya1988 yil 19-noyabr[2]HaIHT, AU
43 Namibiya1988 yil 19-noyabr[2]HaAU
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Namibiya tomonidan tashkil etilgan Janubiy G'arbiy Afrika Xalq Tashkiloti (SWAPO), Falastin davlatini BMT kuzatuvchisi sifatida o'z vaqtida tan olgan.[105]
44 Rossiya1988 yil 19-noyabr[2]Ha[106]UNSC (doimiy); Falastin-Rossiya munosabatlari
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Sovet Ittifoqi sifatida tan olinishi. Prezident Dmitriy Medvedev 2011 yil yanvar oyida o'z pozitsiyasini yana tasdiqladi.[107]
45 Ukraina1988 yil 19-noyabr[2]Ha—
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tanib olish darajasi kengaytirilgan Ukraina Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi, shundan Ukraina huquqiy voris hisoblanadi. Zamonaviy respublika Ittifoq SSR-ning xalqaro shartnomalariga zid bo'lmagan barcha huquq va majburiyatlarini davom ettirmoqda Ukraina Konstitutsiyasi va respublika manfaatlari to'g'risida "deb nomlangan.[108]
46 Vetnam1988 yil 19-noyabr[2]Ha[109]—, Falastin-Vetnam munosabatlari
47 Xitoy1988 yil 20-noyabr[2]HaUNSC (doimiy); Xitoy-Falastin munosabatlari
48 Burkina-Faso1988 yil 21-noyabr[2]HaIHT, AU; Burkina-Faso-Falastin munosabatlari
49 Komor orollari1988 yil 21-noyabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT, AU
50 Gvineya-Bisau1988 yil 21-noyabr[2]HaIHT, AU
51 Mali1988 yil 21-noyabr[2]HaIHT, AU
52 Kambodja1988 yil 21-noyabr[2]Ha—
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Kampucheya Xalq Respublikasi, zamonaviy Kambodjadan oldingi. Uning fuqarolar urushidagi raqibi, Demokratik Kampucheya, tan olinishini uch kun oldin e'lon qildi.
53 Mo'g'uliston1988 yil 22-noyabr[2]Ha[110]—
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Mo'g'uliston Xalq Respublikasi.
54 Senegal1988 yil 22-noyabr[2]HaIHT, AU
55 Vengriya1988 yil 23-noyabr[2]HaEI
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Vengriya Xalq Respublikasi.
56 Kabo-Verde1988 yil 24-noyabr[2]Yo'qAU
57 Shimoliy Koreya1988 yil 24-noyabr[2]Ha—, Shimoliy Koreya - Falastin munosabatlari
58 Niger1988 yil 24-noyabr[2]HaIHT, AU
59 Ruminiya1988 yil 24-noyabr[2]HaEI; Falastin-Ruminiya munosabatlari
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Ruminiya Sotsialistik Respublikasi.
60 Tanzaniya1988 yil 24-noyabr[2]HaAU
61 Bolgariya1988 yil 25-noyabr[2]HaEI
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Bolgariya Xalq Respublikasi.
62 Maldiv orollari1988 yil 28-noyabr[2]HaIHT
63 Gana1988 yil 29-noyabr[2]HaAU
64 Bormoq1988 yil 29-noyabr[2]Yo'qIHT, AU
65 Zimbabve1988 yil 29-noyabr[2]HaAU
66 Chad1988 yil 1-dekabr[2]HaIHT, AU
67 Laos1988 yil 2-dekabr[2]Ha[111]—
68 Serra-Leone1988 yil 3-dekabr[2]Yo'qIHT, AU
69 Uganda1988 yil 3-dekabr[2]HaIHT, AU
70 Kongo Respublikasi1988 yil 5-dekabr[2]HaAU
71 Angola1988 yil 6-dekabr[2]Ha[112]AU
72 Mozambik1988 yil 8-dekabr[2]HaIHT, AU
73 San-Tome va Printsip1988 yil 10-dekabr[2]Yo'qAU
74 Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi1988 yil 10-dekabr[2]Yo'qAU
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Zair Respublikasi tomonidan boshqarilgan Mobutu Sese Seko 1997 yilda uning o'rnini egallab olguniga qadar davlat tomonidan muvaffaqiyatga erishilganda Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi davomida Birinchi Kongo urushi.
75 Gabon1988 yil 12-dekabr[2]HaIHT, AU
76 Ummon1988 yil 13-dekabr[2]HaArab Ligasi, IHT
77 Polsha1988 yil 14-dekabr[2]HaEI
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Polsha Xalq Respublikasi.
78 Botsvana19 dekabr 1988 yil[2]Ha[113]AU
79   Nepal19 dekabr 1988 yil[2]Yo'q—
80 Burundi1988 yil 22-dekabr[2]Yo'qAU
81 Markaziy Afrika Respublikasi1988 yil 23-dekabr[2]Yo'qAU
82 Butan1988 yil 25-dekabr[2]Yo'q—
83 Ruanda1989 yil 2-yanvar[2]Yo'qAU
84 Efiopiya4 fevral 1989 yil[2]HaAU
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Tomonidan kengaytirilgan tan olish Efiopiya Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi.
85 Eron4 fevral 1989 yil[2]HaIHT; Eron-Falastin munosabatlari
86 Benin1989 yil may yoki undan oldin[2][12][qachon? ]HaIHT, AU
87 Ekvatorial Gvineya1989 yil may yoki undan oldin[2][12][qachon? ]Yo'qAU
88 Keniya1989 yil may yoki undan oldin[2][12][114][qachon? ]HaAU
89 Vanuatu1989 yil 21-avgust[115]Ha—
90 Filippinlar[116][117][118]1989 yil sentyabr[119]Ha[119]—
91 Esvatini[120]1991 yil 1-iyul[121]Ha[122]AU
92 Qozog'iston1992 yil 6 aprel[123]Ha[123]IHT
93 Ozarbayjon1992 yil 15 aprel[124]Ha[124]IHT; Ozarbayjon-Falastin munosabatlari
94 Turkmaniston1992 yil 17 aprel[125]Ha[126][127]IHT[128]
95 Gruziya1992 yil 25 aprel[129]Ha[130]—
96 Bosniya va Gertsegovina1992 yil 27 may[131]Ha[131]
97 Tojikiston1992 yil 6 sentyabr[132]Ha[132][133]IHT
98 O'zbekiston25 sentyabr 1994 yil[134]Ha[134]IHT
99 Papua-Yangi Gvineya4 oktyabr 1994 yil[135]Ha[135][136]—
100 Janubiy Afrika1995 yil 15 fevralHa[137]AU; Falastin-Janubiy Afrika munosabatlari
101 Qirg'iziston1995 yil 12 sentyabrHa[138][139]IHT
102 Malavi23 oktyabr 1998 yil*[140][141]Ha[142]AU
103 Sharqiy Timor2004 yil 1 mart[143]Ha[136][143]—
104 Paragvay25 mart 2005 yil*[144]Ha[144]—
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
2011 yil 28 yanvarda Paragvay Tashqi ishlar vazirligi o'z hukumatining Falastin davlatini tan olishini yozma ravishda tasdiqladi. Bayonotda ta'kidlanishicha, 2005 yilda ikki mamlakat hukumatlari o'rtasida diplomatik aloqalar o'rnatilishi o'zaro tan olinishni nazarda tutgan.[144]
105 Chernogoriya2006 yil 24-iyul[145]Ha[145]—
106 Kosta-Rika5 fevral 2008 yil[146]Ha[147]—
107 Livan2008 yil 30-noyabrHa[148]Arab Ligasi, IHT
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Birinchi rasmiy e'tirof etilgan sana. 1989 yil may oyida Falastinning YUNESKOga bergan arizasida Livan Falastin davlatini tan olgan deb sanalgan, ammo sanasi yo'q.[2] Ro'yxat Livanning e'tirozisiz taqdim etildi, ammo keyinchalik manbalar 2008 yilgacha rasmiy tan olinmaganligini ko'rsatdi.[149] O'sha paytda Livan kabineti Falastin davlati bilan to'liq diplomatik aloqalar o'rnatilishini ma'qullagan, ammo bu qachon yuz berishini belgilamagan. 2011 yil 11 avgustda vazirlar mahkamasi avvalgi qarorini amalga oshirishga rozi bo'ldi va Abbos 16 avgustda o'zining hukumatining Beyrutdagi elchixonasini rasmiy ravishda ochdi.[150]
108 Kot-d'Ivuar1 dekabr 2008 yil[151]HaIHT, AU
109 Venesuela2009 yil 27 aprel[152]Ha—, Falastin-Venesuela munosabatlari
110 Dominika Respublikasi2009 yil 14-iyul[153]Ha[154]—
111 Braziliya1 dekabr 2010 yil*[155][156]Ha[157]Braziliya - Falastin munosabatlari
112 Argentina2010 yil 6-dekabr*[158]Ha[159][160][161]—[41]
113 Boliviya2010 yil 17-dekabr*[162][163]Ha[164]—
114 Ekvador24 dekabr 2010 yil*[165]Ha[166]—
115 Chili2011 yil 7-yanvar[167]Ha[168]—
116 Gayana2011 yil 13-yanvar*[169]HaIHT[166]
117 Peru2011 yil 24-yanvar[170]Ha[166]—
118 Surinam2011 yil 1-fevral*[171]Yo'qIHT
119 Urugvay2011 yil 15 mart[172]Ha[173]—
120 Lesoto[174]2011 yil 6-iyun*[140]Yo'qAU
121 Janubiy Sudan2011 yil 9-iyul[175]Ha[176]AU
122 Suriya2011 yil 18-iyul*[177]Ha[178]Arab Ligasi, IHT
123 Liberiya2011 yil 19-iyul[151]Yo'qAU[35]
124 Salvador2011 yil 25-avgust[179]Ha[180]—
125 Gonduras2011 yil 26-avgust*[181]Ha[182]—[183] Gonduras va Falastin munosabatlari
126 Sent-Vinsent va Grenadinlar2011 yil 29 avgust*[184][185]Ha[186]—
127 Beliz2011 yil 9 sentyabr*[187]Ha—[188]
128 Dominika2011 yil 19 sentyabr[189][190][191]Ha[192]—[195]
129 Antigua va Barbuda2011 yil 22 sentyabr*[196]Yo'q—
130 Grenada2011 yil 25 sentyabr[197][198]Ha[197][198]—
131 Islandiya2011 yil 15-dekabr*[199]HaEFTA; Islandiya-Falastin munosabatlari
132 Tailand2012 yil 18-yanvar*[200]Ha[201]—
133 Gvatemala2013 yil 9 aprel[202]Yo'q—
134 Gaiti2013 yil 27 sentyabr[197][198]Ha[197][198]—
135 Shvetsiya30 oktyabr 2014 yil[203][204][205][206]HaEI
136 Sankt-Lucia2015 yil 14 sentyabr[207]Ha[207]—
137 Kolumbiya3 avgust 2018[208]Ha—
138 Sent-Kits va Nevis2019 yil 30-iyul[209]Ha[210]—

BMTga a'zo emas

#IsmE'tirof etilgan sanaDiplomatik munosabatlar
[1-eslatma]		Tegishli a'zolik, qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
139 Sahroi Arab Demokratik Respublikasi1988 yil 15-noyabr[211]Yo'qAU
140  Muqaddas qarang2013 yil fevral[212]Ha[213]—; Muqaddas Taxt - Falastin munosabatlari
Falastin davlati bilan diplomatik aloqalarni o'rnatadigan davlatlar

Diplomatik tan olinmaydi

BMTga a'zo davlatlar

#IsmRasmiy lavozimMunosabatlar
[1-eslatma]		Tegishli a'zolik
1 Andorra2011 yil yanvar oyida Andorra Falastin xalqining o'z taqdirini o'zi belgilash huquqini kafolatlaydigan rezolyutsiya loyihasini qo'llab-quvvatladi.[214] Sentabr oyida Falastin davlatiga Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotida kuzatuvchi maqomini berish to'g'risida taklif qilingan rezolyutsiyani ilgari surdi.[215]Yo'q
2 Armaniston2011 yil 20 iyunda FATH vakili Nabil Shaat tashqi ishlar vaziri bilan uchrashdi Eduard Nalbandyan bo'lajak rezolyutsiyada Armanistonni qo'llab-quvvatlashini so'rash.[216] Shundan so'ng, Shaath bir qator mamlakatlar tomonidan Falastinni keyingi haftalarda tan olishlari to'g'risida xabardor qilinganligini va Armaniston ulardan birinchisi bo'lishini kutganligini e'lon qildi.[217] Biroq, Armaniston hukumati uchrashuv bilan bog'liq biron bir bayonot tarqatmadi. Armaniston hukumati Falastindagi vaziyatni mojaroning o'xshashiga o'xshaydi Tog'li Qorabog ' va Armaniston tomonidan Falastin davlatining har qanday tan olinishi ushbu mintaqada o'z taqdirini o'zi belgilash huquqi uchun namuna bo'ladi.[218] Xuddi shunday holatlarda ham Prezident Serj Sarkisyan ilgari "Tog'li Qorabog 'mojarosiga ega bo'lgan Armaniston, Tog'li Qorabog' Respublikasini tanimagan ekan, xuddi shunday vaziyatda boshqa mavjudotni tan ololmaydi" degan edi.[219]Yo'q
3 AvstraliyaAvstraliya siyosati a ikki holatli echim, ammo o'tmishda Falastin davlatchiligiga chaqiriqlarni qo'llab-quvvatlamagan va buning o'rniga muzokaralar yo'li bilan kelishuvni talab qilgan. Falastinni BMTga a'zo bo'lmagan kuzatuvchi davlat sifatida qabul qilish to'g'risidagi qarorga kelsak, pozitsiyalarda bo'linish yuzaga keldi: sobiq tashqi ishlar vaziri Kevin Rud sobiq Bosh vazir bo'lsa, ovoz bermaslik kerak Julia Gillard Isroilni kuchli qo'llab-quvvatlashini e'lon qildi.[220] Bunga javoban Gillard ta'kidladi: "Odamlar o'qishi yoki unga javob berishi mumkin bo'lgan rezolyutsiya mavjud emas. Agar bunday rezolyutsiya kemaning pastki qismiga tegsa, u holda Avstraliyaning qanday ovoz berishini hal qilishda biz o'zimizning uzoq yillik savollarimizga javob beramiz. Yaqin Sharqda. Ya'ni, biz ikki davlat qarorining azaldan tarafdorimiz. "[221] 2014 yilda Avstraliya Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Xavfsizlik Kengashi tomonidan Isroil qurolli kuchlarini olib chiqishni taklif qiluvchi rezolyutsiya loyihasiga qarshi ovoz berdi G'azo va G'arbiy Sohil 2017 yilga kelib.[222]Ha
4 AvstriyaAvstriya 1978-yil 13-dekabrda Venadagi FKni vakolatxonasiga o'sha kansler davrida to'liq diplomatik maqom berdi. Bruno Kreiskiy.[223] 2011 yil iyun oyida tashqi ishlar vaziri Maykl Spindelegger Avstriya "Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Falastin davlatini tan olishini qo'llab-quvvatlash to'g'risida hali bir qarorga kelmaganini" aytib, ushbu masalada Evropa Ittifoqining birgalikdagi yondashuvini kutishni ma'qul ko'rdi. "Biz so'nggi daqiqada qaror qilamiz, chunki bu hali ham [ikki tomonga] Yaqin Sharqdagi tinchlik jarayonini to'g'ri yo'lga qaytarish imkoniyatini berishi mumkin."[224] Shpindelegger shuningdek, Evropa Ittifoqiga rezolyutsiya o'z versiyasini ishlab chiqishni taklif qildi.[225]
Qo'shimcha tafsilotlar
Falastin davlatining YuNESKO arizasining II-ilovasida dastlab Avstriya 1988 yil 14-dekabrda kengaytirilgan tan olingan davlatlar ro'yxatiga kiritilgan edi. Biroq, topshiruvchi davlatlar (Jazoir, Indoneziya, Mavritaniya, Nigeriya, Senegal va Yaman) keyinchalik Avstriyani ushbu davlat tarkibidan chiqarib yuborishni iltimos qildilar. ro'yxat.[2]
Ha[226]EI
5 Bagama orollariBagama orollari Falastin davlatiga nisbatan o'zlarining rasmiy pozitsiyasini e'lon qilmagan.[227] Bu Karib dengizi hamjamiyatining a'zosi bo'lib, xalqaro tan olingan chegaralar bo'ylab ikki davlat qarorini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.[193] 2011 yil mart oyida Isroilning mamlakatdagi yangi elchisi o'z rahbarlarini Falastin davlatini Isroil va Falastin o'rtasida birgalikda yashash bo'yicha muzokaralar tugamaguncha tan olmaslikka chaqirdi.[228]Yo'q
6 BelgiyaFalastin davlatchiligi masalasida Belgiya Evropa Ittifoqining deklaratsiyalarini aniq qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.[229] 2011 yil 15 iyulda Belgiya Senati hukumatni 1967 yilgacha bo'lgan chegaralarda Falastinni tan olishga undaydigan qaror qabul qildi.[230] Bosh Vazir Iv Leterm sentyabr oyidan oldin Evropa Ittifoqining yagona pozitsiyasiga erishish muhimligini ta'kidlab,[231] garchi bu hech qachon bo'lmagan. Yangi markaz o'ng hukumati tomonlari Falastinni tan olishga kelishib oldilar. Vakillar Palatasi 2015 yil 5 fevralda foydasiga qaror qabul qildi. Chap qanot muxolifat Falastinni so'zsiz tan olishga chaqirdi.[232][233]HaEI
7 KamerunKamerun rasman ikki davlatli echimni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.[234] IHT a'zosi bo'lsa ham, Prezident Pol Biya 1980-yillarning o'rtalaridan boshlab Isroil bilan mustahkam aloqalarni rivojlantirdi.[235] Ushbu do'stlik mamlakatning arab davlatlari bilan an'anaviy ravishda yaqin aloqalarini yomonlashtirdi, ularning aksariyati ko'p yillik iqtisodiy rivojlanish yordamidan voz kechdi va Biya Falastin manfaatlarini qo'llab-quvvatlashga majbur qildi.[236] Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu asked Biya to oppose the United Nations resolution that would admit Palestine as a member state.[237]Ha[234]IHT [35]
8 KanadaCanada supports the creation of a sovereign Palestinian state, but only as part of a "comprehensive, just and lasting peace settlement".[238] The Harper administration is traditionally regarded as a staunch supporter of Israel. In July 2011, the spokesman for Foreign Minister John Baird stated, "Our government's long-standing position has not changed. The only solution to this conflict is one negotiated between and agreed to by the two parties. ... One of the states must be a Jewish state and recognized as such, while the Palestinian state is to be a non-militarized one".[239]Ha
9 XorvatiyaCroatia formalized relations with the PLO on 31 March 2011. Former Croatian Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor stated in 2011 that her government supported the co-existence of two states, Israel and Palestine,[240] however Croatia abstained during voting on upgrading Palestine to non-member observer state status in the United Nations and on admission of Palestine to UNESCO. Former Croatian Foreign Minister Vesna Pusich stated on 24 October 2014 that "Croatia will most likely recognize Palestine soon".[241] Croatia tend to support Israel over Palestine because Palestine isn't recognized by the two main Croatian allies, Qo'shma Shtatlar va Yevropa Ittifoqi, so if Croatian government decided to recognize Palestine it would threaten its very good relations with the EU and the US, and also because the situation in the Middle East is complicated and there is no guarantee that there would be peace and further existence of the Jewish state if Israel eventually decides to withdraw from the occupied territories.[242]HaEI
10 DaniyaDenmark is a strong supporter of the Palestinian state-building agenda, advocating EU support to the Palestinian Authority's two-year deadline for the establishment of the necessary foundations for a viable state; a plan which expired in August 2011.[243] During the campaign for the 2011 saylovlar, the largest opposition party argued that Denmark should recognize the State of Palestine. Tashqi ishlar vaziri Lene Espersen, however, warned that such a unilateral decision could have "more negative than beneficial" consequences, and stressed the need to co-ordinate policy with the EU.[244]HaEU; Denmark–Palestine relations
11 EritreyaPrezident Isaias Afewerki has stated that his government does not recognize Palestine.[35][245] In October 2010, he stated, "Israel needs a government, we must respect this. The Palestinians also need to have a dignified life, but it can not be the West Bank or Gaza. A two-state solution will not work. It's just to fool people. Israelis and Palestinians living in the same nation will never happen for many reasons. One option that may work is a Transjordaniya. Israel may be left in peace and the Palestinian and Jordanian peoples are brought together and can create their own nation".[246] In his address to the UN General Assembly in 2011, Afewerki stated that "Eritrea reaffirms its long-standing support to the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination and an independent, sovereign state. It also upholds the right of Israel to live in peace and security within internationally recognized boundaries."[247] On 29 November 2012, Eritrea voted in favour of a resolution to make Palestine non-member observer state at the UN.Ha[248]
12 EstoniyaDuring a meeting with Riyad al-Malki in June 2010, Foreign Minister Urmas Paet confirmed that Estonia supports the right to self-determination for the Palestinian people as well as a two-state solution.[249] Officials stated that the government would not adopt a position regarding the United Nations bid until the final wording of the resolution was published.[250]Ha[251]EI
13 FidjiFijian policy on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict is largely based on United Nations resolutions.[252] In 2011, it was reported that Fiji's vote on Palestine's membership at the United Nations may have been the subject of classified communications passed between the Fijian and Vanuatuan governments.[253]Yo'q
14 FinlyandiyaFinland supports a two-state solution to the conflict. In October 2014, president Sauli Niinistyo said that Finland would not follow Swedish decision in recognizing the State of Palestine.[254]HaEI
15 FrantsiyaAccording to President Nikolya Sarkozi, "France supports the solution of two nation states living side-by-side in peace and security, within safe and recognized borders."[255] In May 2011, Sarkozy said that if peace talks with Israel had not resumed by September, he would recognize the State of Palestine as part of its bid at the United Nations.[256] This echoed statements made in March by Nabil Shaath, who claimed to have received a promise from France that it would recognize in September a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders.[257] According to Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu, however, Sarkozy had said that France's support would require the Palestinians to recognize Israel as the state of the Jewish people.[255] This was confirmed in July, when Foreign Minister Alen Juppe stated that any solution to the conflict would require the recognition of "the nation-state of Israel for the Jewish people, and the nation-state of Palestine for the Palestinian people."[258] This broke with the European Union's traditional position, which adamantly opposes any mention of Israel as a Jewish state.[259] Sarkozy later turned around on this policy, reportedly saying that the idea of a Jewish state was "silly".[260] In August, Sarkozy stressed the importance of a united EU position on the September initiative, and proposed a compromise where the State of Palestine would be given observer status instead of full membership. The proposal, which was to prevent a split among members of the EU, included a promise from Paris and other members that they would vote for the resolution.[261][262] In October 2014, France's foreign minister said France would recognize a Palestinian state even if peace talks with Israel fails.[263] On 2 December 2014 the French National Assembly approved a non-binding motion calling on the government to recognise Palestine.[264]HaEU, UNSC (permanent)
16 GermaniyaIn April 2011, Chancellor Angela Merkel labelled the Palestinian bid for recognition a "unilateral step",[265] and stated unequivocally that Germany will not recognize a Palestinian state without its prior acceptance by Israel. "Unilateral recognitions therefore definitely do not contribute to achieving this aim ... This is our stance now and it will be our stance in September. There needs to be mutual recognition, otherwise it is not a two-state solution".[266] She also reaffirmed her government's commitment to see an agreement reached as soon as possible. "We want a two-state solution. We want to recognize a Palestinian state. Let us ensure that negotiations begin. It is urgent".[267]
Further details
The Germaniya Demokratik Respublikasi recognised the State of Palestine on 18 November 1988,[2] but it later unified bilan Germaniya Federativ Respublikasi and the current government does not recognise it.
HaEI
17 GretsiyaPrezident Karolos Papoulias has stated that Greece ultimately supports the creation of a Palestinian state alongside Israel.[268] Under previous governments, Greece garnered a reputation as a staunch supporter of the Palestinian cause.[269] Within the wider Arab–Israeli conflict, Andreas Papandreu maintained a stronger stand against Israel than any other government in the European Community. Diplomatic relations were founded with the PLO in 1981, while relations with Israel were maintained only at the consular level until Greece's formal recognition of Israel in 1990 under Mitsotakis.[270] Since the formation of current foreign policy under George Papandreou, Greece has seen a rapid improvement in relations with Israel,[271] leading the media to mark the conclusion of Greece's pro-Palestinian era.[272] However, in December 2015, Greece's parliament voted in favour of a motion requesting that the government recognize Palestine.[273]HaEI
18 IrlandiyaIn January 2011, Ireland accorded the Palestinian delegation in Dublin diplomatic status.[274] A few months later, their Foreign Affairs Minister stated that Ireland would "lead the charge" in recognizing Palestinian statehood, but that it would not come until the PNA was in full and sole control over its territories.[275] In October 2014, the Yuqori uy ning Irish Parliament unanimously passed a motion calling on the Government to recognize the State of Palestine.[276] In December 2014, the Lower House of Ireland's Parliament followed suit.[277]HaEI
19 IsroilYuqoriga qarangHa
20 ItaliyaIn May 2011, at an event in Rome celebrating Israel's independence, then Prime Minister Silvio Berluskoni dedi Italiya would not recognize a unilateral declaration of Palestinian statehood, pledging his country's support for Israel.[278] In June, he reiterated Italy's position against unilateral actions on either side of the ziddiyat, stressing that "peace can only be reached with a common initiative through negotiations".[279] This position was shared by parliamentarians, who drafted a letter to the United Nations stating that "a premature, unilateral declaration of Palestinian statehood would [...] undermine rather than resolve the Israeli–Palestinian peace process".[280] Nevertheless, at the same time, Italy upgraded the diplomatic status of the Palestinian delegation in Rim a missiya, similarly to what other EU countries were doing, giving the head of the delegation ambassadorial status.[281] Moreover, on 31 October 2011, Italy did not oppose Palestine's UNESCO membership bid[282] and, on 29 November 2012, Italy voted in favour of UN Resolution 67/19, giving Palestine a non-member observer state status at the United Nations.[283] Italy's opposition to unilateral actions was reiterated on 21 December 2017, when it voted in favour of a UN draft resolution calling on all countries to comply with Xavfsizlik Kengashi resolutions regarding the status of Jerusalem,[284] following the decision by the U.S. to move its embassy to Israel from Tel-Aviv uchun shahar.[285]HaEI
21 YamaykaLike other members of the Caribbean Community, Jamaica supports a two-state solution.[286] In 2010, Prime Minister Bruce Golding expressed hope for "a just, lasting and comprehensive peace in the Middle East that guarantees the security of Israel and the unquestioned recognition of a Palestinian state."[287]Yo'q
22 YaponiyaJapan supports a two-state solution to the conflict,[288] and is firmly committed to the establishment of a Palestinian state.[289] In October 2007, a Japanese Justice Ministry official said "Given that the Palestinian Authority has improved itself to almost a full-fledged state and issues its own passports, we have decided to accept the Palestinian nationality".[290] Responding to Israeli settlement activities in 2010, the Japanese government stated that it would not recognize any act that prejudges the final status of Jerusalem and the territories in the pre-1967 borders.[291] Likewise, in January 2011, it declared that it would not recognize the annexation of East Jerusalem by Israel.[292]Ha
23 KiribatiDuring the summit of the Tinch okean orollari forumi in early September 2011, the foreign minister of Kiribati reportedly expressed support for the Palestinian position.[293]Yo'q
24 Janubiy KoreyaThe government of South Korea does not recognize the State of Palestine.[294] However, South Korea established the representative office in Ramalloh.Ha
25 LatviyaLatvia supports a two-state solution to the conflict and provides development assistance to the Palestinian National Authority.[295][296]HaEI
26 LixtenshteynLiechtenstein relies on Switzerland to carry out most of its foreign affairs.[297] In January 2011, it co-sponsored a draft resolution guaranteeing the Palestinian people's right to self-determination,[214] and stated that this right must be exercised with a view to achieving a viable and fully sovereign Palestinian state.[298]Yo'q
27 LitvaLike the rest of the European Union, Lithuania supports a two-state solution including an independent Palestinian state.[299] Regarding the Palestinian push for United Nations membership, Foreign Minister Audronius Ažubalis stressed the importance of maintaining a unanimous and well-balanced EU position which encouraged both parties to resume peace talks.[300]HaEI
28 LyuksemburgIn an interview with Foreign Minister Jean Asselborn in March 2011, Quddus Post stated that Luxembourg was considered among the "least friendly" countries to Israel in the EU.[301] Asselborn himself has been described as openly pro-Palestinian.[302] In response to divisions within the EU regarding the Palestinians' September bid for UN membership, Asselborn reportedly urged the PNA to accept an upgrade in its observer status and not ask for membership. He insisted, "We cannot let the Palestinians leave New York at the end of the month with nothing",[303] He referred to the positions of four members in particular that stood as an obstacle to the achievement of a common position,[293] but that he "cannot agree to say no" to the Palestinian endeavour.[304] He noted that securing the support of all EU nations would have been a great moral advantage for Palestine.[303]HaEI
29 MeksikaMexico maintains a policy of supporting a two-state solution.[305] Palestinian and Israeli officials expected Mexico to follow South American countries in recognizing the State of Palestine in early 2011.[306][307] Its position on the matter is seen as influential in Latin America, and therefore critical to both proponents and opponents.[308] Opposition parties have urged the government to recognize a Palestinian state as part of the September initiative, putting down its hesitance to U.S. pressure.[309]Ha
30 Mikroneziya Federativ ShtatlariThe FSM is a consistent supporter of Israel, especially in international resolutions,[310] though this is due in part to its association with the United States.[297] During the summit of the Tinch okean orollari forumi in September 2011, the leader of the Micronesian delegation reportedly stated his country's solidarity with the Palestinian people's suffering and support for their right to self-determination. Regarding the PNA's endeavour to gain admission to the United Nations, however, the official stated that the agreements signed with the U.S. prevented the FSM from voting according to its government's wishes in cases where they conflicted with those of the U.S.[293] In reference to Israel's continued development assistance to Micronesians, another diplomat noted, "We need Israeli expertise, so I don't see a change in our policy anytime soon."[310]Yo'q
31 MoldovaMoldova maintains a policy of neutrality in international affairs. It has expressed full support for the Quartet principles for the settlement of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict,[311] which call for an independent Palestinian state.Ha[312]
32 MyanmaMyanmar is one of only two members of the Qo'shilmaslik harakati that has not recognized the State of Palestine, alongside Singapore.[200][313] Former foreign affairs minister Win Aung stated in 2000 that Myanmar supports a two-state solution within internationally recognized borders.[314]Yo'q
33 NauruDavomida Tinch okean orollari forumi in early September 2011, Foreign Affairs Minister Kieren Keke confirmed his nation's solidarity with the Palestinian people and their right to self-determination.[315] The PNA's foreign ministry published a statement prior to the summit claiming that most Pacific island nations would vote against a United Nations resolution regarding the Palestinian state.[316]Yo'q
34 GollandiyaIn June 2011, Foreign Minister Uri Rozental stated that the request to admit Palestine at the United Nations would "not be supported by the Netherlands". He called instead for a resumption of negotiations: "We will continue to stress for a restart to direct negotiations."[317] He insisted that a peace deal must be based "on an agreement between all parties",[225] and that the Netherlands was opposed to anything done without the consent of both parties.[318] Abbas highlighted the importance of the Dutch role in the peace process, precisely because it maintained close ties with Israel: "It doesn't disturb us at all. They play a very important role and the Palestinian people are very appreciative of their help."[317]HaEI
35 Yangi ZelandiyaNew Zealand support a two-state solution to the peace process.[319] It also maintains a policy of not expressing explicit recognition of new states, preferring to imply recognition through actions rather than formal declarations. For Palestine, this would mean upgrading its accredited delegation to a diplomatic status.[320] In early September 2011, Foreign Minister Murray McCully said that the government would not make a decision until the wording of the resolution was released. "We've got a reputation for being fair minded and even handed on this matter and all we can do is wait to see the words.[319] He also told Riyad al-Malki that he had refused to give any pledges Israel to oppose to vote.[293]Ha[136]
36 Shimoliy MakedoniyaAccording to Foreign Minister Nikola Poposki, stated, the Macedonian position will be built in accordance with the views of the European Union and its strategic partners.[321]Yo'q
37 NorvegiyaNorway upgraded the Palestinian mission in Oslo to an embassy in December 2010, and Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Støre called for the creation of a Palestinian state within the following year.[322] In January 2011, Støre stated that, should negotiations with Israel fail to make progress by September, his country would recognize Palestine within the United Nations framework.[323][324] Following a meeting with Abbas in July 2011, Støre claimed that it was "perfectly legitimate" for the Palestinians to seek a vote on recognition of statehood.[325] "The fundamental Norwegian view is that a people have the right to use UN institutions to clarify questions about the legitimacy of their status in the world. We are opposed to denying this to the Palestinians". The minister withheld full commitment until the request was officially announced,[326][327] after which, on 18 September, he confirmed that Norway would lend its support: "Norway will support this and is prepared to recognize a Palestinian state."[328]Ha
38 PanamaPanama has not indicated its position regarding a vote on statehood,[329] and is reported to be undecided on the matter.[227] Prezident Rikardo Martinelli has a record of supporting Israel in UN resolutions,[330] and has reportedly resisted pressure from other Latin American governments to recognize Palestine.[331] The Central American Integration System (SICA) was expected to adopt a joint position on the issue at its summit on 18 August,[332] but Panama insisted that discussion should retain a regional focus and the matter was not included on the final agenda.[333] In early September, Foreign Minister Roberto Henriquez said that the government's decision would not be made public until its vote is cast, but added, "It is very important that the birth of this country and its recognition in the international forum is previously accompanied by a full peace agreement with its neighbour, Israel."[334] On 4 July 2015, Panama's Vice President and Foreign Minister Isabel De Saint Malo de Alvarado said that her government is looking at ways to recognize the State of Palestine without affecting their "close relationship" with Israel.[335]Yo'q
39 PortugaliyaIn February 2011, several parliamentary factions proposed resolutions calling on the government to recognize the State of Palestine.[336] However, these were dismissed by the two majority parties, which insisted on a prior settlement acceptable to both Palestinians and Israelis.[337] Tashqi ishlar vaziri Paulu Portas stated that Portugal supports the initiative to recognize Palestine, but that it must not forget the security of Israel: "We will do everything for Palestine, which deserves to have its state, and do nothing against Israel, which deserves to have its security."[338] In December 2014, the Portuguese Parliament passed a resolution that is non-binding calling on the government to recognize Palestine as an independent state with 9 of 230 members opposing the measure.[339]HaEI
40 SamoaBosh Vazir Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi has expressed support for a two-state solution to the conflict.[340]Yo'q
41 SingapurSingapore has not recognized the State of Palestine and has not announced a position regarding a resolution.[341] The island state has a strong relationship with Israel.[342]Yo'q
42 SloveniyaOn 28 November 2014, the Foreign Policy Committee rejected a motion to immediately recognize Palestine, but approved an alternative motion requiring the government to submit a proposal to recognize Palestine to the Milliy assambleya.[343]HaEI
43 Solomon orollariTashqi ishlar vaziri Peter Shannel Agovaka met Riyad al-Malki in early September at the summit of the Tinch okean orollari forumi in Wellington. Agovaka reportedly confirmed his government's support for the self-determination of Palestinians and for the efforts of Palestine at the United Nations. He said that the possibility of recognizing the State of Palestine would be considered in the next meeting of cabinet.[293]Yo'q
44 IspaniyaOn 1 July 2011, the Spanish parliament passed a resolution urging its government to recognize the State of Palestine on the 1967 borders.[344] Prior to this, Nabil Shaath had claimed in May that Spain intended to recognize the Palestinian state before September.[345] In late July, Foreign Minister Trinidad Jiménez said that Spain supports the bid, but that it would not determine its position until the proposal is made official.[346] Bilan intervyuda El Pais in August, Jiménez confirmed Spain's support: "We are working with the idea that there is a majority in the EU that will support moving forward with the recognition of Palestine." She added that it was the right time to do this, since it would give Palestinians much needed hope about their future state.[347] On 20 November 2014, the Spanish parliament approved a non-binding motion calling on the government to recognize Palestine by a vote of 319–2.[348]HaEI
45  ShveytsariyaHa
46 TongaIn September 2011, following the summit of the Pacific Islands Forum in Wellington, the PNA's foreign ministry noted that it had made significant strides in its efforts to attain recognition from Tonga.[315]Yo'q
47 Birlashgan QirollikIn September 2011, Britain said it would recognize Palestine as a state, but only with non-member observer status, rather than full membership, at the United Nations.[349] In October 2014, the UK House of Commons passed a symbolic non-binding Harakat by a vote of 274 in favour to 12 against which called on the Government to recognize Palestine.[350][351] Also in October 2014, the devolved government of Shotlandiya called for recognition of Palestine as an independent state and for the UK to open an Elchixona.[352]HaUNSC (permanent); Palestine–United Kingdom relations.
48 Qo'shma ShtatlarPrezident Barak Obama declared U.S. opposition to the bid in his speech to the General Assembly, saying that "genuine peace can only be realized between Israelis and Palestinians themselves" and that "[u]ltimately, it is Israelis and Palestinians – not us – who must reach an agreement on the issues that divide them".[353] Obama told Abbas that they would veto any United Nations Security Council move to recognize Palestinian statehood.[354]HaUNSC (permanent); Palestine–United States relations

Not members of the UN

#IsmOfficial positionMunosabatlar
[1-eslatma]		Relevant memberships
— Malta suveren harbiy ordeniHa
[355][356]

Multilateral treaties

The State of Palestine is a party to several multilateral treaties, registered with five depositaries: the United Kingdom, YuNESKO, United Nations, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The ratification of the UNESCO conventions took place in 2011/2012 and followed Palestine becoming a member of UNESCO, while the ratification of the other conventions were performed in 2014 while negotiations with Israel were in an impasse.

Depositary Country/organizationDepositary organNumber of treatiesMisollarDate of first ratification/accession
GollandiyaTashqi Ishlar Vazirligi1[357]Convention respecting the laws and customs of war on land2014 yil 2 aprel
Rossiya1[358]Yadro qurolini tarqatmaslik to'g'risidagi shartnoma2015 yil 10-fevral
ShveytsariyaFederal Kengash7[359][360]Jeneva konvensiyalari and Protocols2014 yil 2 aprel
YuNESKOBosh direktor8[361]Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage2011 yil 8-dekabr
Birlashgan MillatlarBosh kotib>50[362]Diplomatik aloqalar to'g'risida Vena konventsiyasi
Statute of the International Criminal Court		2014 yil 9 aprel
Birlashgan QirollikTashqi ishlar va Hamdo'stlik idorasi2[363][364]UNESCO Constitution
Yadro qurolini tarqatmaslik to'g'risidagi shartnoma		23 November 2011

In an objection of 16 May 2014, Israel informed the Secretary General of the United Nations that it did not consider that 'Palestine' (single quotation marks in original) met the definition of statehood and that its requested accession to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment as being "without legal validity and without effect upon Israel's treaty relations under the Convention".[365] The United States and Canada lodged similar objections.[366][367]

Palestine participated in the negotiation of the UN Yadro qurolini taqiqlash to'g'risidagi shartnoma and voted in favour of its adoption on 7 July 2017.[368]

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

  1. ^ a b v d Either with the Palestinian National Authority, the Palestine Liberation Organization, or the State of Palestine. The institution is specified where known.

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Tessler, Mark (1994). A History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2-rasm, nashr etilgan nashr). Indiana universiteti matbuoti. p.722. ISBN  978-0-253-20873-6. "Within two weeks of the PNC meeting, at least fifty-five nations, including states as diverse as the Soviet Union, China, India, Greece, Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka, Malta, and Zambia, had recognised the Palestinian state."
  2. ^ a b v d e f g h men j k l m n o p q r s t siz v w x y z aa ab ak reklama ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar kabi da au av aw bolta ay az ba bb mil bd bo'lishi bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx tomonidan bz taxminan cb cc CD ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl sm cn ko United Nations Educational, Scientific; Cultural Organization, Executive Board (12 May 1989). "Hundred and thirty-first Session: Item 9.4 of the provisional agenda, Request for the Admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO as a Member State" (PDF). Birlashgan Millatlar. pp. 18, Annex II. Olingan 15 noyabr 2010. The list contains 92 entries, including a number of states which no longer exist.
  3. ^ United Nations A/67/L.28 General Assembly Arxivlandi 1 December 2012 at the Orqaga qaytish mashinasi. 26 November 2012.
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  9. ^ Shashaa, Esam. "The state of Palestine". Palestine History. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2010 yil 27 noyabrda. Olingan 28 dekabr 2010.
  10. ^ Charter of the League of Arab States (22 March 1945): Annex regarding Palestine; mavjud Bask mamlakati universiteti. Retrieved 21 January 2011. Arxivlandi 2012 yil 14 mart Orqaga qaytish mashinasi
  11. ^ See the following:
    • Organisation of the Islamic Conference (13–16 March 1989). "Resolutions on Political, Legal and Information Affairs". The Eighteenth Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers (Session of Islamic Fraternity and Solidarity). Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 24 sentyabrda. Olingan 29 noyabr 2010.
    • Organisation of the Islamic Conference (13–16 March 1989). "Final Communique". The Eighteenth Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers (Session of Islamic Fraternity and Solidarity). Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2009 yil 20 fevralda. Olingan 29 noyabr 2010.
    • Organisation of the Islamic Conference (28–30 May 2003). "Resolutions on Palestine Affairs". The Thirtieth Session of the Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers (Session of Unity and Dignity). United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 28 iyulda. Olingan 29 noyabr 2010.
  12. ^ a b v d United Nations Security Council; United Nations Department of Political and Security Council Affairs (2008). Repertoire of the practice of the Security Council. United Nations Publications. p. 759. ISBN  9789211370300.
  13. ^ Reut Institute (14 August 2004). "Act of Recognition of Statehood". Structure of the Political Process. Olingan 16 noyabr 2010.
  14. ^ Quigley, John (1990). Palestine and Israel: A Challenge to Justice. Dyuk universiteti matbuoti. p.231.
  15. ^ a b v Quigley, John (2009). "The Palestine Declaration to the International Criminal Court: The Statehood Issue" (PDF). Rutgers Law Record. Newark: Rutgers School of Law. 35. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi (PDF) 2011 yil 13-iyulda. Olingan 21 noyabr 2010.
  16. ^ "Note of Information" (Press release). Government of Switzerland. 1989 yil 13 sentyabr.
  17. ^ Lewis, Paul (6 December 1989). "Arabs at U.N. Relax Stand on P.L.O." The New York Times. Olingan 21 noyabr 2010.
  18. ^ Crawford, James (1999), "Israel (1948–1949) and Palestine (1998–1999): Two Studies in the Creation of States", in Goodwin-Gil, G.S.; Talmon, S. (eds.), The Reality of International Law: Essays in Honour of Ian Brownlie, New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, Oxford University Press, pp. 95–100, 110–115 "...Declaration was quite widely recognized by states, although often in equivocal terms."
  19. ^ Boyle, Francis A. (1990). "Creation of the State of Palestine". Evropa xalqaro huquq jurnali. 1 (301): 301–306. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejil.a035773. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi on 9 December 2014. "Over 114 states have already recognized the newly proclaimed state of Palestine".
    • Kurz, Anat N. (2005). Fatah and the Politics of Violence: the institutionalization of a popular struggle. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. p. 123. ISBN  978-1-84519-032-3. "117 UN member states recognized the declared State of Palestine ..."
    • Quigley, John B. (30 December 2010). "Recognize Palestine now". McClatchy-Tribune. Youngstown News. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 17-iyulda. Olingan 31 dekabr 2010. "With recognitions in recent weeks by Brazil and Argentina, some 105 states now formally recognize Palestine at the diplomatic level."
    • Whitbeck, John V. (28 December 2010). "Palestine: recognising the state". Al-Jazira. Olingan 29 dekabr 2010. "Coming soon after the similar recognitions by Brazil and Argentina, Bolivia's recognition brought to 106 the number of UN member states recognizing the State of Palestine, whose independence was proclaimed on November 15, 1988."
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