Julia Gillard - Julia Gillard

Hurmatli Julia Gillard AC
Gillard 2010 yilda
27-chi Avstraliya bosh vaziri
Ofisda 2010 yil 24 iyun - 2013 yil 27 iyun
Monarx	Yelizaveta II
O'rinbosar	Ueyn Svan
General-gubernator	Kventin Brays
Oldingi	Kevin Rud
Muvaffaqiyatli	Kevin Rud
Mehnat partiyasining etakchisi
Ofisda 2010 yil 24 iyun - 2013 yil 26 iyun
O'rinbosar	Ueyn Svan
Oldingi	Kevin Rud
Muvaffaqiyatli	Kevin Rud
Avstraliya bosh vazirining o'rinbosari
Ofisda 2007 yil 3 dekabr - 2010 yil 24 iyun
Bosh Vazir	Kevin Rud
Oldingi	Mark Vayl
Muvaffaqiyatli	Ueyn Svan
Mehnat partiyasi rahbarining o'rinbosari
Ofisda 2006 yil 4 dekabr - 2010 yil 24 iyun
Rahbar	Kevin Rud
Oldingi	Jenni Maklin
Muvaffaqiyatli	Ueyn Svan
Ta'lim vaziri
Ofisda 2007 yil 3 dekabr - 2010 yil 28 iyun
Bosh Vazir	Kevin Rud
Oldingi	Julie Bishop
Muvaffaqiyatli	Simon Krin
Bandlik va ish joylari bilan aloqalar vaziri
Ofisda 2007 yil 3 dekabr - 2010 yil 28 iyun
Bosh Vazir	Kevin Rud
Oldingi	Djo Xokkey
Muvaffaqiyatli	Simon Krin
Ijtimoiy inklyuziya bo'yicha vazir
Ofisda 2007 yil 3 dekabr - 2010 yil 28 iyun
Bosh Vazir	Kevin Rud
Oldingi	Mayk Rann
Muvaffaqiyatli	Simon Krin
Oppozitsiya rahbarining o'rinbosari
Ofisda 2006 yil 4 dekabr - 2007 yil 3 dekabr
Rahbar	Kevin Rud
Oldingi	Jenni Maklin
Muvaffaqiyatli	Julie Bishop
Vakillar palatasidagi oppozitsiya biznesi menejeri
Ofisda 2003 yil 8 dekabr - 2006 yil 10 dekabr
Rahbar	Mark Latham Kim Beazli
Oldingi	Mark Latham
Muvaffaqiyatli	Entoni Albanes
A'zosi Avstraliya parlamenti uchun Lalor
Ofisda 1998 yil 3 oktyabr - 2013 yil 5 avgust
Oldingi	Barri Jons
Muvaffaqiyatli	Joanne Rayan
Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan	Julia Eileen Gillard (1961-09-29) 1961 yil 29 sentyabr (59 yosh) Barri, Uels, Birlashgan Qirollik
Fuqarolik	Avstraliyalik Ingliz (1961–1998)
Siyosiy partiya	Mehnat
Ichki sherik	Tim Metyon
Ta'lim	Mitcham maktabi Unley o'rta maktabi
Olma mater	Adelaida universiteti Melburn universiteti
Imzo
Veb-sayt	Shaxsiy veb-sayt

Ushbu maqola qismidir haqida bir qator Julia Gillard
Dastlabki hayot va martaba A'zosi Lalor 1998 yilgi federal saylov 2006 yil Mehnat partiyasining to'kilishi Avstraliya bosh vazirining o'rinbosari 2007 yilgi federal saylov Adolatli mehnat qonuni Ta'lim inqilobini qurish Raqamli ta'lim inqilobi NAPLAN ACARA Mening maktabim Avstraliya bosh vaziri Birinchi vazirlik Ikkinchi vazirlik Saylov 2010 yilgi federal saylov Uglerod narxini aniqlash sxemasi Mineral resurslar uchun ijara solig'i Gonski hisoboti Immigratsiya siyosati Milliy keng polosali tarmoq 2012 yil Mehnat partiyasining to'kilishi Nogironlarni sug'urtalashning milliy sxemasi Misogyny nutqi AWU ishi 2013 yil mart va 2013 yil iyun oyida Mehnat partiyasining to'kilishi Mening hikoyam

Julia Eileen Gillard AC (1961 yil 29 sentyabrda tug'ilgan) - avstraliyalik sobiq siyosatchi, u 27-chi bo'lib xizmat qilgan Avstraliya bosh vaziri va Mehnat partiyasining etakchisi 2010 yildan 2013 yilgacha. U ilgari bo'lgan Avstraliya bosh vazirining o'rinbosari 2007 yildan 2010 yilgacha va qo'shimcha lavozimlarda ishlagan Ta'lim vaziri, Bandlik va ish joylari bilan aloqalar vaziri va Ijtimoiy inklyuziya bo'yicha vazir 2007 yildan 2010 yilgacha. U Avstraliyadagi Bosh vazir o'rinbosari, Bosh vazir va yirik partiyaning rahbari lavozimlarini egallagan birinchi va yagona ayol.

Tug'ilgan Barri, Uels, Gillard oilasi bilan ko'chib keldi Adelaida, 1966 yilda Janubiy Avstraliya. U ishtirok etdi Mitcham namoyish maktabi va Unley o'rta maktabi. Gillard o'qishni davom ettirdi Adelaida universiteti, lekin ga o'tdi Melburn universiteti 1982 yilda u qonun bakalavri (1986) va san'at bakalavri (1989) darajalarini tamomlagan. U bilan ishlagan Avstraliya talabalar ittifoqi shu vaqt ichida va 1983 yildan 1984 yilgacha tashkilot prezidenti bo'lgan. 1987 yilda Gillard yuridik firma tarkibiga kirdi Slater va Gordon. U a sherik 1990 yilda sanoat qonunchiligiga ixtisoslashgan, ammo 1996 yilda kadrlar boshlig'i bo'lish uchun ketgan Jon Brumbi, Viktoriyadagi Leyboristlar partiyasining etakchisi. Bu uning federal siyosatga kirishidan oldin edi.

Gillard birinchi bo'lib saylangan Vakillar palatasi da 1998 yilgi federal saylov o'rindiq uchun Lalor. Keyingi 2001 yilgi saylov, u saylangan Soya shkafi. Qachon Kevin Rud partiya rahbari etib saylandi va Muxolifat lideri 2006 yil dekabrda Gillard raqibsiz uning o'rinbosari etib saylandi. Leyboristlarning g'alabasidan keyin 2007 yilgi saylov, u Avstraliya Bosh vazirining birinchi ayol o'rinbosari bo'ldi va Ta'lim vaziri, Bandlik va ish joylari bilan aloqalar vaziri va Ijtimoiy inklyuziya vaziri bo'ldi. Yoqilgan 24 iyun 2010 yil, Rud partiyasining qo'llab-quvvatlashini yo'qotib, iste'foga chiqqandan so'ng, Gillard raqibsiz saylandi uning o'rnini egallab, shu bilan Bosh vazir bo'ldi. Keyingi 2010 yilgi saylov birinchisini ko'rdi osilgan parlament 1940 yildan beri Gillard a ni shakllantirishga muvaffaq bo'ldi ozchilik hukumati ko'magida a Yashil MP va uchta mustaqil. 2013 yil 26 iyunda, a etakchilik to'kilishi, Gillard yana Radga Leyboristlar partiyasi rahbariyatini yo'qotdi. Uning Bosh vazir lavozimidan iste'foga chiqishi ertasi kuni kuchga kirdi. Gillard yaqinlashib kelayotgan federal saylovlar oldidan 2013 yil 5 avgustda siyosatdan iste'foga chiqdi.

Siyosatdan ketganidan so'ng, Gillard faxriy bo'ldi tashrif buyurgan professor Adelaida universitetida va norezident katta kursdosh da Brukings instituti Universal Ta'lim Markazi. U o'zining siyosiy xotirasini nashr etdi, Mening hikoyam, 2014 yil sentyabr oyida. U ruhiy salomatlik tashkilotining kengashida bo'lgan Moviydan tashqari 2014 yil dekabridan va uning kafedrasi 2017 yil iyulidan buyon faxriy xodim sifatida tayinlangan Aberistvit universiteti 2015 yil iyun oyida. Gillard ham rais sifatida ishlagan Ta'lim uchun global hamkorlik 2014 yil fevralidan beri.

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Tug'ilganligi va oilasi

Gillard 1961 yil 29 sentyabrda tug'ilgan Barri, Vale of Glamorgan, Uels.^[1][2] U Jon Oliver Gillard (1929-2012) va sobiq Moira Makkenzi (1928 yilda tug'ilgan) tug'ilgan ikki qizning ikkinchisi; uning katta opasi Alison 1958 yilda tug'ilgan.^[3] Gillardning otasi tug'ilgan Cwmgwrach, lekin asosan ingliz kelib chiqishi edi; u ruhiy hamshira bo'lib ishlagan.^[4][5] Uning onasi Barrida tug'ilgan va uzoq Shotlandiya va Irlandiyalik; u a da ishlagan Najot armiyasi qariyalar uyi.^[6][7]

Gillard azob chekgandan keyin bronxopnevmoniya bolaligida, ota-onasiga iliq iqlim sharoitida yashashlari uchun uning tiklanishiga yordam berishi tavsiya qilingan.^[3] Bu oilani 1966 yilda Avstraliyaga ko'chib o'tishga olib keldi Adelaida, Janubiy Avstraliya.^[8] Gillardlar oilasining Avstraliyadagi birinchi oyi shu yili o'tgan Pennington yotoqxonasi, joylashgan hozirda yopiq bo'lgan muhojirlar muassasasi Pennington, Janubiy Avstraliya.^[9][10] 1974 yilda, ular kelganidan sakkiz yil o'tgach, Gillard va uning oilasi Avstraliya fuqarosi bo'lishdi. Natijada, Gillard ushlab turdi ikki fuqarolik u qadar rad etildi 1998 yilda Avstraliya parlamentiga kirishdan oldin uning Britaniya fuqaroligi.^[11][12]

Ta'lim va yuridik martaba

Gillard ishtirok etdi Mitcham namoyish maktabi borishdan oldin Unley o'rta maktabi.^[13] U san'at yo'nalishini boshladi Adelaida universiteti, bu davrda u 1981 yildan 1982 yilgacha Adelaida universiteti ittifoqining prezidenti bo'lgan.^[14] Universitetda o'qigan ikkinchi yilida Gillardni shtatdagi mehnat vazirining qizi siyosat bilan tanishtirdi.^{[JSSV? ]} Shunga ko'ra, u Leyboristlar klubiga qo'shildi va federal ta'lim byudjetini qisqartirishga qarshi kurash kampaniyasida qatnashdi.^[3][8] Gillard 1982 yilda Adelaida shahridagi kurslarini qisqartirdi va Melburnga ko'chib o'tdi Avstraliya talabalar ittifoqi.^[15] 1983 yilda u Avstraliyaning Talabalar ittifoqini boshqargan ikkinchi ayol bo'ldi va 1984 yilda tashkilot tugatilgunga qadar xizmat qildi. Shuningdek, u Sotsialistik Forum chap qanot tashkilotining kotibi edi.^[16][17] O'zining o'qishini Melburn universiteti, Gillard a bilan bitirgan Huquqshunoslik bakalavriati 1986 yilda ilmiy daraja va 1989 yilda san'at bakalavri darajasiga ega.^[18] 1987 yilda u Slater & Gordon yuridik firmasiga qo'shildi Werribee, Viktoriya, ishlaydi sanoat qonuni.^[6] 1990 yilda u a sherik; 29 yoshida u firmaning eng yosh sherigi va ushbu lavozimni egallagan birinchi ayollardan biri edi.^[19][20]

Dastlabki siyosiy ishtirok

1985 yildan 1989 yilgacha Gillard prezident bo'lib ishlagan Karlton Mehnat partiyasining filiali.^[1] U leyboristni qo'llab-quvvatladi oldindan tanlov ichida Melburnning bo'limi dan oldin 1993 yilgi federal saylov, lekin mag'lubiyatga uchradi Lindsay Tanner.^[21] Da 1996 yilgi federal saylov, Gillard Labor's-da uchinchi pozitsiyani qo'lga kiritdi Senat ortida Viktoriya, chipta Robert Rey va Barni Kuni.^[22][23] Biroq, imtiyozlarni yakuniy taqsimlashda u mag'lub bo'ldi Lyn Allison ning Avstraliya demokratlari.^[24][25]

1996 yilda Gillard shtat boshlig'i lavozimida ishlash uchun Slater & Gordon bilan o'z lavozimidan iste'foga chiqdi Jon Brumbi, o'sha paytda Viktoriya shtatidagi oppozitsiya etakchisi.^[1][25][26] U loyihani tayyorlash uchun mas'ul edi tasdiqlovchi-harakat Viktoriya shtatidagi Leyboristlar partiyasida "g'olib bo'ladigan o'rindiqlar" ning 35 foiziga ayollarni oldindan tanlash maqsadini belgilaydigan qoidalar. U asos solishda ham rol o'ynagan EMILY ning ro'yxati, mehnatga layoqatli ayollar uchun mablag 'yig'ish va qo'llab-quvvatlash tarmog'i.^[27]

Gillard Uelsga murojaat qildi Mehnat siyosatchi Aneurin Bevan uning siyosiy qahramonlaridan biri sifatida.^[19]

Parlament a'zosi, 1998–2007

Gillard birinchi bo'lib saylangan Vakillar palatasi da 1998 yilgi federal saylov vakili Lalor, o'rniga Melburn yaqinidagi xavfsiz Laboratoriya o'rindig'i Barri Jons kim nafaqaga chiqqan. U uyida o'zining birinchi nutqini 1998 yil 11 noyabrda qildi.^[28] Gillard a'zosi bo'lgan doimiy komissiya 2003 yil 20 martdan 2003 yil 18 avgustgacha Aborigen va Torres bo'g'ozi orollari ishlariga qo'shimcha ravishda 1998 yil 8 dekabrdan 2001 yil 8 dekabrgacha ish bilan ta'minlash, ta'lim va ish joyidagi munosabatlar uchun. qo'shma qo'mitalar, u 2003 yil 20 martdan 2003 yil 11 avgustgacha mahalliy nom va Aborigen va Torres Strait Island Island Land Fund-ga qo'shimcha ravishda 1998 yil 8 dekabrdan 2002 yil 11 fevralgacha jamoat hisoblari va audit a'zosi bo'lgan.^[1]

Soya vaziri (2001-2007)

Leyboristlar mag'lubiyatidan so'ng 2001 yilgi federal saylov, Gillard saylandi Soya shkafi o'sha paytdagi Mehnat Lideri davrida Simon Krin, bu erda unga Populyatsiya va immigratsiya uchun javobgarlik berilgan. 2003 yil fevral oyida unga yarashtirish va mahalliy aholi uchun qo'shimcha vazifalar yuklandi.^[29] Ushbu rollarda, izidan Tampa va Bolalar haddan tashqari ishlar qisman Leyboristlarning 2001 yildagi saylovlarida mag'lub bo'lganligi sababli hisoblangan Gillard Leyboristlar partiyasi uchun yangi immigratsiya siyosatini ishlab chiqdi.^[8]

Keyinchalik Gillard Soya sog'liqni saqlash vaziri va Uydagi oppozitsion biznes menejerining o'rinbosari lavozimiga ko'tarildi (to Mark Latham ) 2003 yil 2-iyulda.^[20][30] Shu vaqt ichida u soyasini soya qildi Toni Ebbot, ikkalasi o'rtasidagi raqobat ko'pincha ommaviy axborot vositalarining e'tiborini jalb qilmoqda.^[31] Keyinchalik unga Vizalar palatasidagi oppozitsiya biznesini boshqarish uchun qo'shimcha mas'uliyat Lizam tomonidan berildi, u Bizlidan keyin Leyboristlar partiyasi rahbari etib kelgan.^[32]

Gillard 2006 yilda etakchining o'rinbosari sifatida birinchi matbuot anjumanida yangi rahbar Kevin Rud bilan birga

Leyboristlarning ketma-ket to'rtinchi mag'lubiyatidan so'ng 2004 yilgi federal saylov Gillardning e'tiroz bildirishi mumkinligi haqida keng tarqalgan edi Jenni Maklin rahbariyat o'rinbosari uchun, lekin u buni qilmadi.^[33] Bir necha yillar davomida Gillard partiyaning potentsial etakchisi sifatida tilga olingan, ammo hech qachon etakchilar bahsida qatnashmagan. 2005 yil yanvar oyida Mark Latham Leyboristlar etakchisidan iste'foga chiqqandan so'ng, Gillard paydo bo'ldi ABC "s Avstraliya hikoyasi 2006 yil mart oyida Ipsos Mackay so'rovi o'tkazildi Tarmoq o'n "s Matbuot bilan tanishing ko'proq respondentlar Gillardni mehnat lideri bo'lishini afzal ko'rishlarini aniqladilar; u Beazleyning 25% va Kevin Rudning 18% bilan taqqoslaganda 32% ovoz bergan.^[3][34][35] Garchi u fraksiyalararo qo'llab-quvvatlashga ega bo'lsa-da, u 2005 yil 25-yanvarda Beazlining raqibsiz saylanishiga yo'l qo'yib, etakchilikka qarshi chiqmasligini e'lon qildi.^[36]

Oppozitsiya rahbarining o'rinbosari, 2006–07

2006 yil 1-dekabrda Kevin Rud bilan fraksiyalararo siyosiy sheriklik doirasida Gillard Jenni Maklinni rahbar o'rinbosari lavozimiga da'vo qildi.^[37] 2006 yil 4-dekabrda Rudd Beazley-ni Mehnat Lideri lavozimiga muvaffaqiyatli almashtirgandan so'ng, Maklin iste'foga chiqishni tanladi va Gillardning raqibsiz etakchining o'rinbosari bo'lishiga imkon berdi.^[38] Keyingi o'zgarishlarda Gillard bandlik, ish joyidagi munosabatlar va ijtimoiy qo'shilish uchun javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga oldi va shu bilan birga Oppozitsiya rahbarining o'rinbosari.^[39]

Bosh vazir o'rinbosari (2007–2010)

Leyboristlar partiyasi 2007 yilgi federal saylovlarda g'alaba qozonganidan so'ng, Gillard 2007 yil 3 dekabrda Avstraliya bosh vazirining birinchi ayol o'rinbosari sifatida qasamyod qildi.^[40] Bosh vazir o'rinbosari lavozimiga tayinlanishdan tashqari, Gillardga "super vazirlik" deb nomlangan mas'uliyat yuklatilgan. Ta'lim, bandlik va ish joylari bilan aloqalar bo'limi.^[41]

Gillard bilan uchrashadi AQSh elchisi Jeff Bleich 2009 yil 26-noyabrda

U Strategik ustuvorliklar byudjet qo'mitasining (SPBC) a'zosi edi - shuningdek, "To'rt kishilik to'da "- bu Rud va uning eng katta vazirlaridan iborat edi: Gillard, xazinachi Ueyn Svan va moliya vaziri Lindsay Tanner.^[42] 2007 yil oxirlarida ichki ko'rib chiqish natijasida tashkil etilgan SPBC hukumatning 2007–08 yillardagi global ishi uchun javobgardir. moliyaviy inqiroz.^[43]

2007 yil 11-dekabrda Gillard edi bosh vazir vazifasini bajaruvchi Rudd esa Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining iqlim o'zgarishi bo'yicha konferentsiyasi yilda Bali, ushbu lavozimni egallagan birinchi ayolga aylandi.^[44] U bu vazifalarni Rudning chet elda bo'lgan turli xil sayohatlari davomida jami 69 kun davomida o'z zimmasiga oldi.^[45] Gillard tezda parlamentda so'ralgan vaqtdagi chiqishlari bilan yuqori darajadagi munozarachi sifatida tanildi Piter van Onselen uni "Leyboristlar tarafidan eng yaxshi parlament ijrochisi" deb atash.^[46]

Vazirlar portfellari

Ta'lim vaziri sifatida Gillard 2009 yilda Vashingtonga borgan va u bilan shartnoma imzolagan AQSh Ta'lim vaziri Arne Dunkan har ikki mamlakat o'rtasida ta'limni isloh qilishda siyosiy hamkorlikni yaxshilashni rag'batlantirish.^[47] Ning tashkil etilishi Avstraliya o'quv dasturi, baholash va hisobot berish idorasi (ACARA), milliy o'quv dasturini ishlab chiqish uchun mas'ul bo'lgan mustaqil hokimiyat, 2008 yilda uning birinchi siyosiy izlanishlaridan biri bo'lgan.^[48] U hukumatni boshladi "Raqamli ta'lim inqilobi "(DER) dasturi, bu umumiy o'rta maktab o'quvchilariga noutbuklarni taqdim etdi va barcha maktablar uchun sifatli raqamli vositalar, resurslar va infratuzilmani ishlab chiqdi.^[49] DER bilan birgalikda Gillard "Ta'lim inqilobini qurish "(BER) dasturi, ajratilgan $ Sinflar, kutubxonalar va majlislar zallarini o'z ichiga olgan yangi maktab turar joylarini qurish uchun 16 mlrd.^[50][51]

Gillard shuningdek, amalga oshirilishini ta'minladi Milliy baholash dasturi - Savodxonlik va raqamlar (NAPLAN) 2008 yilda, shu bilan bir qatorda standartlashtirilgan testlar asosiy ko'nikmalarga yo'naltirilgan har yili avstraliyalik talabalar tomonidan boshqariladi.^[52] Buning ortidan Mening maktabim veb-sayt; 2010 yil yanvar oyida ishga tushirilgan veb-sayt NAPLAN ma'lumotlari haqida xabar beradi va maktab missiyalari, shtatlar, moliyaviy ma'lumotlar, uning resurslari va o'quvchilarning xususiyatlari kabi ma'lumotlarni aks ettiradi.^[53][54]

Bandlik va ish joyidagi aloqalar vaziri sifatida Gillard ularni olib tashladi WorkChoices tomonidan kiritilgan sanoat munosabatlari rejimi Xovard hukumati, va uni bilan almashtirdi Adolatli mehnat qonuni.^[55] Bu yagona ishlab chiqarish munosabatlari byurokratiyasini tashkil etdi Fair Work Australia.^[56]

Bosh vazir (2010–2013)

2010 yilgi rahbariyat ovozi

Bosh vazir Kevin Rud shaxsiy reytingining pasayishiga va hukumatning muvaffaqiyatsizligidan keyin o'z deputatlari tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanishni yo'qotishiga duch keldi. izolyatsiya dasturi, amalga oshirish bilan bog'liq tortishuvlar kon qazish uchun soliq, hukumat uning o'tishini ta'minlay olmaganligi uglerod savdosi sxemasi va immigratsiya siyosati haqidagi ba'zi siyosiy munozaralar. Ishchi partiyada Rudning etakchilik uslubi va yo'nalishiga nisbatan jiddiy norozilik paydo bo'ldi.^[57] 2010 yil 23-iyunda u Gillard undan a etakchilik byulleteni keyingi kun Leyboristlar partiyasi rahbariyatini va shu sababli Avstraliyaning Bosh vazirligini aniqlash uchun.^[58]

2010 yil may oyining oxirida, Rudga qarshi chiqishdan oldin, Gillard ommaviy axborot vositalariga: "Mening bo'lishimga ko'proq imkoniyat bor to'liq oldinga uchun Itlar Leyboristlar partiyasida biron bir o'zgarish bo'lganiga qaraganda ".^[59] Binobarin, Gillardning 23-iyun kuni Rudga qarshi harakatlari ko'plab leyboristlarni hayratda qoldirdi. Daril Melxem, chorlov kechasi muxbir tomonidan, agar chindan ham qiyinchiliklar mavjudmi, degan savolga, u shunday javob berdi: "To'liq axlat. ABC barcha ishonchni yo'qotdi".^[60] O'z lavozimidan ozod etilayotganda, Radd 23 iyun kuni raqiblariga Leyboristlarni o'ng tomonga siljitishni xohlashlarini taklif qildi: "Bu partiya va hukumat boshpana izlovchilar masalasida o'ng tomonga o'girilmaydi, chunki kimdir bizga maslahat bergan. . "^[59]

Gillard Bosh vazir sifatida qasamyod keltirmoqda Kventin Brays 2010 yil 24 iyunda

Dastlab, Sidney Morning Herald Radda harakatlanishning yakuniy katalizatori Rud o'zining shtab boshlig'idan yordamchilarni qo'llab-quvvatlash darajasi to'g'risida gaplashish uchun foydalanganligi haqidagi xabarni keltirib chiqarganligi va shu sababli "u Gillard xonimning uning takrorlangan va'dalariga ishonmasligini" anglatishini aytdi. turmas edi ".^[61] Keyinchalik ABC telekanalining 7:30 hisobotida Ruddga qarshi kurash uchun urug'lar "fraksiya og'ir vazn toifalari" dan chiqqanligi aytilgan. Bill qisqartirish va senator Devid Feni, "Yangi Janubiy Uelsda o'ng kuch vositachisi" ni qo'llab-quvvatlagan Mark Arbib Feni va Arbib Gillard bilan 23 iyun kuni ertalab muammolarni muhokama qilish uchun borgan va oxirgi raqamlarni hisoblash boshlandi.^[62] Hisob-kitoblar Gillardning Rudni almashtirishni oldindan bilishi va rejalashtirish darajasida farqlanib bordi.^[63]

Dastlab Rud Gillardga qarshi chiqishini aytdi, ammo ko'p o'tmay uning mavqeida omon qolish uchun partiyada etarli yordamga ega emasligi ayon bo'ldi. 24 iyundagi ovoz berishdan bir necha soat oldin u bosh vazir va Leyboristlar partiyasi etakchisi lavozimidan iste'foga chiqdi va Gillardni raqibsiz rahbarlikni o'z zimmasiga oldi. Xazinachi Ueyn Svan bir vaqtning o'zida Gillarddan keyin o'rinbosar lavozimiga raqibsiz saylandi.^[64]

Ko'p o'tmay, Gillard Avstraliyaning 27-bosh vaziri sifatida qasamyod qildi General-gubernator Kventin Brays, Svan bosh vazir o'rinbosari sifatida qasamyod bilan.^[65] A'zolari Rud vazirligi, orqada o'tirgan Rudning o'zi bundan mustasno, keyinchalik a'zolarga aylandi Birinchi Gillard vazirligi.

Gillard sherigi bilan birga Tim Metyon, Kventin Brays, Ueyn Svan va Maykl Brays 2010 yil 24 iyunda

O'sha kuni, Gillard Bosh vazir sifatida birinchi matbuot anjumanida ba'zan shunday dedi Rud hukumati "izdan ketdi" va "[men] yaxshi hukumat yo'ldan adashyapti degan fikrga keldim".^[66] Gillard Ruddni almashtirish paytida uning motivlari haqida kengroq tushuntirish taklif qildi 2012 Mehnat etakchisining to'kilishi unda Rud Gillardni leyboristlar etakchisini qayta tiklashga da'vogarlik qilib, ommaviy axborot vositalariga Rud hukumati "falaj davri" boshlaganini va Rudning ish uslublari "qiyin va tartibsiz" ekanligini aytdi.^[67]

Leyboristlar partiyasi tomonidan saylangandan so'ng, Gillard unga o'tmasligini aytdi Lodge u o'zini o'zi Bosh vazir etib saylanguniga qadar, o'rniga vaqtini kvartirada taqsimlashni tanladi Kanberra va uning uyi Altona, Melburnning g'arbiy chekkasi.^[68] Gillard The Lodge-ga 2010 yil 26 sentyabrda ko'chib o'tdi.^[69]

Gillard birinchi ayol bosh vazir bo'lish bilan bir qatorda, hech qachon turmush qurmagan birinchi ayol Billi Xyuz chet elda tug'ilgan bo'lish.^[64]

Etakchilik masalasi xususiyati bo'lib qoldi Gillard hukumati ABC telekanalidan keyin davom etayotgan etakchilik spekülasyonları orasida To'rt burchak Radlning o'rnini egallashidan oldin sodir bo'lgan voqealarni o'rganish, Gillardning Bosh vazirlik, Bosh prokurorlik uchun faol saylov kampaniyasi o'tkazmaganligi haqidagi talabiga shubha tug'dirdi. Nikola Rokson Rudning rekordlari haqida quyidagi so'zlar bilan gaplashdi: "Menimcha, biz tarixni oqartirishimiz kerak emas - bizning hukumatimiz Kevin bilan bosh vazir sifatida juda ko'p yaxshi ishlar qilgan bo'lsa-da, juda ko'p qiyinchiliklar bo'lgan va aynan Julia bu muammolarning ko'pini tuzatish orqali ko'rdi. "^[70]

2010 yilgi saylov

2010 yil 17 iyulda, Bosh vazir bo'lganidan 23 kun o'tgach va general-gubernator Kventin Braysning roziligini olganidan so'ng, Gillard navbatdagi federal saylov 2010 yil 21 avgustda o'tkazilishini e'lon qildi.^[71] Gillard tashviqotni "oldinga siljish" shiori yordamida nutq bilan boshladi.^[72] Kampaniyaning dastlabki bosqichlarida, leyboristlar partiyasining manbalari tomonidan bir qator ma'lumotlar tarqaldi, bu esa Kevin Rudni Gillardga almashtirish masalasida vazirlar mahkamasida bo'linishlarning aniqligini ko'rsatdi.^[73] Kampaniya o'rtalarida Gillard jurnalistlarga o'zining strategiya guruhidagi maslahatchilarga juda katta e'tibor berib kelganini va u kamroq "sahnada boshqariladigan" kampaniyani o'tkazmoqchi ekanligini aytib, o'zining kampaniyasini o'zini o'zi baholashni taklif qildi.^[74]

O'ylaymanki, men haqiqiy Julianing yaxshi va haqiqatan ham namoyish etilayotganiga ishonch hosil qilish vaqti keldi, shuning uchun men ushbu bosqichdan boshlab kampaniyada nima qilishimiz haqida shaxsiy javobgarlikni o'z zimmamga olaman.

Kampaniya davomida Gillard oppozitsiya etakchisi Toni Ebbot bilan bitta rasmiy bahs uchun uchrashdi. Studiya tomoshabinlari o'rtasida o'tkazilgan so'rovnomalar To'qqizinchi kanal va Etti tarmoq Gillardga g'alaba taklif qildi.^[75] Keyingi bahslarda kelisha olmagan rahbarlar, Sidneydagi jamoat forumlarida so'roq qilish uchun sahnaga alohida chiqishdi va Brisben, Kvinslend. Rooty Hill RSL auditoriyasining exit-poll natijalari Abbotning g'alabasini ko'rsatdi.^[76] Gillard 18 avgust kuni Brisbendagi Bronkos Liga klubi yig'ilishida tomoshabinlar o'rtasida o'tkazilgan so'rovnomada g'olib chiqdi.^[77] Gillard shuningdek, 9-avgust kuni ABC-ning savol-javob dasturida ishtirok etdi.^[78] 7-avgust kuni Gillard Leyboristlarning sobiq rahbari "To'qqizinchi kanal" muxbiri Mark Latham tomonidan so'roq qilindi.^[79]

Gillard ovoz berish kunidan besh kun oldin Brisbendagi Leyboristlar kampaniyasini rasman "boshladi", Leyboristlar siyosatini bayon qildi va "Ha, biz birgalikda oldinga boramiz" degan shiorni ishlatdi.^[80]

Leyboristlar va koalitsiya har biri 150 o'rinli Vakillar palatasida 72 o'rinni qo'lga kiritdi,^[81] uchun talabning to'rttasi kam ko'pchilik hukumat, natijadan beri birinchi osilgan parlament paydo bo'ldi 1940 yilgi saylov. Leyboristlar ikki partiyali ovozlarning deyarli ko'pchiligiga ega bo'lishiga qaramay, 11 o'rinli belanchakdan aziyat chekishdi.^[82][83] Ikkala yirik partiya rahbarlari ham a tashkil etishga intildilar ozchilik hukumati.^{[84][85][86][87][88]}

Olti crossbench Deputatlar o'tkazdi kuchlar muvozanati.^[89][90] To'rt krossbench deputati, Yashillar Adam Bandt va mustaqil Endryu Uilki, Rob Okeshot va Toni Vindzor Leyboristlarni qo'llab-quvvatlashini e'lon qildi ishonch va ta'minot,^[91][92] Gillard va Leyboristlarga ozchilik hukumati bilan hokimiyatda qolishga imkon berish.^[93][94][95] General-gubernator Brays qasamyod qildi Ikkinchi Gillard vazirligi 2010 yil 14 sentyabrda.^[96]

Ichki siyosat

Iqtisodiyot

Gillard o'z lavozimiga global vaziyatdan keyin kelgan 2007-2008 yillardagi moliyaviy inqiroz. Xalqaro tanazzul paytida hukumat tushumlari pasayib ketdi va Rud hukumati nasoslarni sarflash xarajatlarini ishlatdi.^[97] 2010 yil 24 iyunda Leyboristlar partiyasining etakchisi lavozimiga kelgandan so'ng, Gillard avstraliyaliklarni Federal byudjet 2013 yilda profitsit bilan ta'minlanishiga "ishontirishi" mumkinligini aytdi.^[98] Hukumat bu natijani 2012 yil dekabrgacha va'da qildi. Gillard dastlab "uglerod solig'i "ammo u uglerod narxi bo'yicha jamoatchilik konsensusini o'rnatishini va tog'-konlardan olinadigan foyda solig'i bo'yicha tog'-kon sanoati bilan muzokaralar olib borishini aytdi.^[62][98][99] 2010 yilgi parlament saylovlari natijalaridan so'ng, Leyboristlar partiyasi Avstraliyaning "Yashillar" partiyasidan uglerod solig'i bo'yicha emissiya savdosi sxemasiga o'tishni afzal ko'rgan va shu orqali uglerod narxini belgilagan. Toza energiya to'g'risidagi qonun 2011 yil. Hukumat, shuningdek qayta ko'rib chiqilgan mineral xom ashyo resurslari uchun ijara solig'i va Kvinslenddagi toshqin Levi.

Gillard hukumati Federal byudjetni 2012-13 moliya yilidagi profitsitga qaytarish zarurligini ta'kidladi va Gillard ushbu va'da to'g'risida "agar yo'q bo'lsa, bo'lmaydi" deb aytdi va "bu erda muvaffaqiyatsizlikka erishish imkoniyati yo'q va biz yutdik" muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi ".^[100][101] Uning ichida 2012–13-yillar byudjeti, Xazinachi Svan hukumat 1,5 milliard dollar miqdorida profitsit etkazib berishini e'lon qildi.^[102] Hukumat mudofaa va chet el yordami xarajatlarini qisqartirdi.^[103] 2012 yil dekabr oyida Svan daromad tushganligi va global iqtisodiy sharoitlarni hisobga olib, hukumat endi profitsitga erishishni kutmayotganini e'lon qildi.^[104]

Sog'liqni saqlash

Oldingi Radd singari, Gillard ham sog'liqni saqlash uning kun tartibidagi ustuvor vazifa ekanligini aytgan edi. U 2010 yilgi saylovlar paytida keyingi 10 yil ichida shoshilinch shifokorlar va hamshiralar uchun 270 ta joy va 3000 ta qo'shimcha parvarish uchun stipendiyalar ko'payishini e'lon qildi.^[105] U shuningdek dedi ruhiy salomatlik uning ikkinchi muddatida birinchi darajali vazifa bo'lib, 277 million dollarlik o'z joniga qasd qilishning oldini olish to'plami yuqori xavfli guruhlarga qaratilgan.^[106] Saylov osilgan parlamentni taqdim etar ekan, qishloq kasalxonalariga 1,8 milliard dollarlik paket berildi, unga mustaqil ravishda uning qayta saylanishini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun kelishib olindi.^[92]

2010 yil oktyabr oyida uning hukumati sog'liqni saqlash tizimini moliyalashtirish tizimini isloh qilish to'g'risidagi qonunchilikni qabul qildi, bu davlatlarning ko'pchiligini davlat kasalxonalariga mablag 'bilan ta'minlash va 100 foiz birlamchi tibbiy yordam va GP xizmatlarini ta'minlash uchun Hamdo'stlik zimmasiga yuklash niyatida.^[107] 2011 yil fevral oyida Gillard Radd hukumati tomonidan taklif qilingan sog'liqni saqlashni moliyalashtirish bo'yicha dastlabki islohotlarni keng ko'lamda qayta ko'rib chiqilishini e'lon qildi va bu barcha shtat hukumatlarining qo'llab-quvvatlashini ta'minlay olmadi. Qayta ko'rib chiqilgan Gillard hukumat rejasi federal hukumatga sog'liqni saqlash uchun mablag'larning 50 foizini (dastlab kelishilganidek 60 foiz emas) ta'minlashga o'tishni taklif qildi va shtatlarning o'zlarining bir qismini berish talabini bekor qildi. GST Federal hukumatga yangi tartibni moliyalashtirish uchun tushum.^[108] Yangi kelishuvni barcha shtat bosh vazirlari va bosh vazirlari qo'llab-quvvatladilar^[109] va 2 avgustda imzolangan.^[110]

Immigratsiya

Avstraliya aholisi soniga nisbatan, dedi Gillard Fairfax Media 2010 yil avgustida malakali migratsiya muhim ahamiyatga ega: "Men a. g'oyasini qo'llab-quvvatlamayman katta Avstraliya ". Gillard shuningdek nomenklaturasini o'zgartirdi Toni Burk "Aholi bo'yicha vazir" rolini "Barqaror aholi bo'yicha vazir" ga.^[111] Hukumat 2011 yil may oyida aholi sonini aniq ko'rsatmagan "barqaror aholi strategiyasini" e'lon qildi.^[112] 2011 yil oktyabr oyida savdo vaziri Kreyg Emerson Gillard tomonidan ma'qullangan va aholi sonining tez sur'atlarda o'sishini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi hujjatni chiqardi.^[113]

Gillard 2013 yil 26 yanvarda Kanberrada davlat bayrog'ini ko'tarish va fuqarolikni rasmiylashtirish marosimida so'zga chiqdi

Leyboristlar partiyasining etakchisini qo'lga kiritgandan so'ng, Gillard boshpana izlovchilarning ruxsatsiz kelishi masalasini hal qilishni o'z hukumatining ustuvor vazifasi sifatida belgilab qo'ydi. U boshpana izlovchilarning da'volarini "offshor ishlov berish" ga qaytarish bo'yicha muzokaralar olib borilayotganligini e'lon qildi. Gillard qayta ishlashga qaytishni rad etdi Nauru va nomlangan Sharqiy Timor yangi hibsga olish va qayta ishlash muassasalari uchun maqbul joy sifatida.^[114][115] Sharqiy Timor hukumati bu rejani rad etdi.^[116]

2010 yil oktyabr oyida uning hukumati 2000 nafar muhojir uchun ikkita hibsxonani ochishini e'lon qildi. Bittasi ochilishi kerak edi Inverbrackie, Janubiy Avstraliya va bittasi Northam, G'arbiy Avstraliya.^[117] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu muammoning qisqa muddatli echimi bo'ladi va vaqtincha saqlash hibsxonalari yopiladi.

2010 yil 15 dekabrda 89 nafar boshpana izlovchini o'z ichiga olgan kema qirg'oqqa qulab tushdi Rojdestvo oroli, ellik kishini o'ldirish.^[118][119] Qochoqlar va muhojirlar himoyachilari hukumatning qat'iyatli siyosatini fojia uchun javobgar deb aybladilar,^[120][121] va Mehnat partiyasi prezidenti Anna Bligh partiyaning boshpana izlovchi siyosatini to'liq qayta ko'rib chiqishga chaqirdi.^[122] Gillard avariyaga javoban va boshpana izlovchilarning siyosatini ko'rib chiqish uchun ta'tildan erta qaytib keldi.^[122] Bir necha oydan so'ng Gillard bunga javoban "Malayziya echimi" ni e'lon qiladi.^[123]

2011 yil aprel oyida Avstraliyaning federal hukumati eski armiya kazarmasida yolg'iz erkaklar uchun hibsga olish markazi qurilishini tasdiqladi Pontvill, Shimoldan 45 daqiqa Xobart, Tasmaniya. Ushbu muhojirlarni saqlash markazida 400 tagacha qochoq yashashi mumkin edi.^[124] 2011 yil aprel oyida Villawood hibsxonasida muhojirlikda saqlanayotganlar, ularning muomalasiga qarshi norozilik bildirib, bir nechta binolarga o't qo'ygan.^[125]

2011 yil may oyida Gillard Avstraliya va Malayziya boshpana izlovchilarni almashtirish bo'yicha kelishuvni yakunlashmoqda. Gillard va immigratsiya vaziri Kris Bouen Avstraliyaga qayiqda etib kelgan 800 ta boshpana izlovchilarni o'rniga Malayziyaga olib ketishlariga olib keladigan ikki tomonlama shartnomani imzolashga yaqin ekanliklarini aytdilar. Avstraliya Malayziyadan ilgari qochqin deb baholangan 4000 kishini oladi.^[126] Biroq, 31 avgust kuni Oliy sud qochqinlarni Avstraliyadan Malayziyaga ko'chirish to'g'risidagi kelishuv bekor qilingan deb qaror qildi va uni davom ettirishni buyurdi. Avstraliya hali ham Malayziyada qochqin sifatida baholangan 4000 kishini qabul qiladi.^[127][128]

Boshpana izlovchilarning munozarasi 2012 yil avgust oyida nafaqaxo'rlar boshchiligidagi boshpana izlovchilar bo'yicha ekspertlar guruhining hisobotidan so'ng qaytdi. Havo boshlig'i Marshal Angus Xyuston. Panelning tavsiyasini qabul qilib, Gillard 2012 yil 12 avgustda parlament oldidan hukumatga offshor ishlov berish joylarini tanlashga ruxsat beradigan qonun loyihasiga o'zgartirish kiritilishini e'lon qildi. Shu bilan birga, u hukumat Nauru va sobiq hibsxonalarni nomzodini ko'rsatishini e'lon qildi Manus oroli, Papua-Yangi Gvineya qayta ochiladi.^[129] O'zgartirilgan qonun loyihasi 2012 yil 16 avgustda oppozitsiya ko'magi bilan qabul qilindi.^[130]

Ta'lim

Gillard Bosh vazir bo'lganidan keyin to'rt kun davomida Saymon Krinni tayinlashdan oldin Ta'lim portfelining vazifalarini bajargan Ta'lim vaziri 2010 yil 28 iyunda. 2010 yilgi saylovlardan so'ng, Piter Garret Ta'lim vaziri rolini o'z zimmasiga oldi va u 2013 yil iyungacha qoldi. Gillard shuningdek "Innovatsiyalar, sanoat, fan va tadqiqotlar vaziri" nomenklaturasini o'zgartirdi. oliy ma'lumot; Kris Evans, Kris Bouen va keyinroq, Kreyg Emerson, har biri sifatida xizmat qilgan Oliy ta'lim, ko'nikmalar, fan va tadqiqotlar vaziri Gillard hukumatida.

2010 yil iyul oyida bo'lib o'tgan Milliy press-klubda Gillard "Men ta'limni iqtisodiy kun tartibimning markaziga aylantiraman, chunki u foydali va qoniqarli mehnatga olib keladigan ko'nikmalarni rivojlantirishdagi o'rni - yuqori mahsuldorlik va yuqori ishtirok etish qobiliyatini yaratishi mumkin. iqtisodiyot ".^[131][132] 2011 yil yanvar oyida Gillard hukumati Ta'lim solig'ini qaytarish sxemasi bo'yicha ish yuritish materiallari, darsliklar yoki kompyuter uskunalari uchun to'lovlarni to'lashda yordam berish uchun ota-onalarga soliq imtiyozlarini uzaytirdi.^[133]

Radl boshchiligidagi ta'lim vaziri sifatida Gillard topshiriq berdi Devid Gonski Avstraliyada ta'limni moliyalashtirish bo'yicha tavsiyalar berish uchun qo'mita raisi bo'lish. Keyinchalik qo'mitaning xulosalari va tavsiyalari 2011 yil noyabr oyida Gillard hukumatiga taqdim etildi, so'ngra Federal va shtat hukumatlari tomonidan uning mazmunini ko'rib chiqish uchun maslahatlashuvlar o'tkazildi. Qo'mitaning hisoboti Gonski hisoboti.^[134] Keyinchalik, taklif qilingan islohotlar (moliyalashtirishning ko'payishi) "Gonski" nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi va tarafdorlar hukumatlarni "Gonski bering" deb chaqirishdi. Hisobot yangi saylangan tomonidan hukumat veb-saytidan olib tashlandi Abbott hukumati keyin 2013 yil Federal saylovlar va Avstraliyada saqlanib qolgan Pandora arxivi.^[135]

Gillard qo'yishni davom ettirdi Mening maktabim uning ta'lim kun tartibi veb-sayt markazi, u buni Ta'lim vaziri sifatida amalga oshirgan paytda munozarali edi. Garchi bu veb-sayt ota-onalar orasida mashhur bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, veb-sayt ota-onalarga bolalari o'qigan maktab statistikasini ko'rishga yordam berdi. O'shandan beri u ota-onalarga yaxshiroq ma'lumot va'da qilgan "Mening maktabim 2.0" yangilangan versiyasini taqdim etdi.^[136]

Universitetlar ham uning ta'lim kun tartibiga juda katta e'tibor berishdi. 2010 yil noyabr oyida ovoz beriladigan qonun hujjatlariga milliy universitetlar regulyatori kiritilishi kerak edi; ammo, bu oliy ta'lim sohasidagi tanqidlardan so'ng 2011 yilga qadar kechiktirildi. Shuningdek, uning hukumati tomonidan Oliy Ta'lim Sifati va Standartlari Agentligini tashkil etish to'g'risidagi qonun hujjatlari 2011 yil boshida joriy etilishi ma'lum qilindi.^[137]

Iqlim o'zgarishi

Rud Mehnat muxolifat an amalga oshirishni va'da qildi emissiya savdosi sxemasi (ETS) 2007 yilgi Leyboristlar g'olib bo'lgan federal saylovdan oldin. Senatda o'z sxemasini qo'llab-quvvatlay olmagan Rad, uni tashlab yubordi. 2012 yil Gillardning bosh vazirligiga qarshi etakchilik muammosi paytida Rud, Gillard va Svan uni emissiya savdosi sxemasini kechiktirishga ishontirganini aytdi.^[138]

2010 yilgi saylov kampaniyasida Gillard "fuqarolar yig'ini" ni tashkil etish orqali uglerod narxi bo'yicha "milliy konsensus" tuzishga, iqlim o'zgarishi to'g'risidagi dalillarni, ish uchun vaziyatni va bozorga asoslangan tizimni joriy etishning mumkin bo'lgan oqibatlarini o'rganishga va'da berdi. bir yil davomida uglerod chiqindilarini cheklash va kamaytirishga yondashish. Majlisni ro'yxatga olish ma'lumotlari yordamida saylovchilar ro'yxatidan odamlarni tanlaydigan mustaqil hokimiyat tanlab olishi kerak edi.^[139] Reja hech qachon amalga oshirilmagan. 2010 yilgi saylovlardan so'ng, Gillard Yashillar va Mustaqillar bilan ozchilik hukumatini tuzishga rozi bo'ldi va uning "fuqarolar yig'ilishi" rejasini Leyboristlar, Yashillar va Avstraliya parlamentining mustaqil a'zolaridan iborat iqlim o'zgarishi paneli bilan almashtirdi.^[140] Natijada, panel vaqtincha uglerod solig'ini qo'llab-quvvatlashini e'lon qildi va bu chiqindilarni sotish sxemasini yaratdi.

2010 yilgi saylov kampaniyasi paytida Gillard shuningdek, u boshchiligidagi hukumat davrida uglerod solig'i olinmasligini aytdi.^[141] 70 yil ichidagi birinchi osilgan parlament natijalarida Gillard hukumati Avstraliya Yashillar va ayrim mustaqil stendlar ko'magida uglerod solig'ini (Avstraliya Yashillarining afzal siyosati) amalga oshirish bo'yicha muzokaralar olib bordi. uglerod solig'i rejalar bo'yicha bir necha yil ichida o'zgaruvchan narxdagi ETSga o'tadi. Hukumat 2011 yil fevral oyida "Toza energiya to'g'risida" qonun loyihasini taklif qildi,^[142] buni muxolifat saylovoldi va'dasi deb da'vo qilmoqda.^[143]

Qonun loyihasi tomonidan qabul qilindi Quyi uy 2011 yil oktyabr oyida^[144] va Yuqori uy 2011 yil noyabr oyida.^[145]

Poker mashinalari

2010 yilda Gillard rozi bo'ldi Nik Ksenofon, Endryu Uilki va Avstraliya yashillari tanishtirmoq poker mashinasi 2012 yil may oyigacha Avstraliya parlamentiga qonunchilikni isloh qilish (qimor muammosini cheklash uchun). parlament a'zolari o'zaro faoliyat skameyka Avstraliyaning Vakillar palatasida ushbu qonun loyihasini qo'llab-quvvatlamasliklarini maslahat berib, Gillard uni qo'llab-quvvatlamay qo'ydi. Uilkining aytishicha, ko'plab avstraliyaliklar "Bosh vazir tomonidan juda xafa bo'lishgan" va boshqa hamkasblarga qarshi kurash kampaniyasi boshlig'i Ksenofon Bosh vazirni "uni o'z lavozimiga qo'ygan odamning orqasida" deb ayblagan.^[146]

2012 yil 21-yanvarda Uilki Gillard hukumati majburiy ravishda amalga oshirish to'g'risida imzolagan shartnomani buzganidan keyin uni qo'llab-quvvatlashni qaytarib olishini e'lon qildi. majburiyat 2014 yilgacha barcha poker mashinalari uchun. U hukumatning ACT-dagi majburiyatlarni sinab ko'rish bo'yicha muqobil rejasini qo'llab-quvvatlashini va 2013 yildan boshlab ishlab chiqarilgan barcha poker mashinalarida majburiyatdan oldingi texnologiyani o'rnatilishini talab qilishini aytdi, ammo bu u bajarganidan kam bo'ldi. hukumatni qo'llab-quvvatlash evaziga va'da qilingan edi.^[147] Bunga javoban Gillard va Oilalar, uy-joy, kommunal xizmatlar va mahalliy ishlar vaziri Jenni Makklin Vakillar palatasida Wilkie tomonidan tanlangan variantni qabul qilish uchun etarli qo'llab-quvvatlanmaganligini va ularga belgilangan muddat ichida majburiy majburiyatni bajarish texnik jihatdan mumkin emasligi haqida maslahat berilganligini ta'kidladi.^[148]

Bir jinsli nikoh

The uch yillik mehnat konferentsiyasi 2011 yil dekabr oyida bo'lib o'tgan Gillard partiyani tanishtirish uchun bir jinsli nikoh to'g'risidagi tuzatishlarni muvaffaqiyatli muhokama qildi vijdonga ovoz berish a orqali parlamentga xususiy a'zoning hisob-kitobi, majburiy ovoz berish o'rniga.^[149] Avvalroq bir jinsli nikohga qarshi shaxsiy e'tirozini bildirgan Gillardga qaramay, bu harakat 208 ovoz bilan 184 ga qarshi ovoz bilan ozgina o'tdi.^[150][151] 2012 yil fevral oyida 43-parlamentda Avstraliyada bir jinsli nikohga ruxsat berish to'g'risidagi ikkita qonun loyihasi kiritildi.^[152]

2012 yil 19 sentyabrda Vakillar Palatasi bir jinsli nikoh to'g'risidagi qonun loyihasini 98-42 ovoz farqi bilan qabul qilishga qarshi ovoz berdi.^[153] 2012 yil 21 sentyabrda Senat 41-26 ovoz bilan bir jinsli nikoh to'g'risidagi qonun hujjatlarini qabul qildi.^[154]

Majburiy asrab olish

2013 yil 21 martda Gillard Avstraliya Parlamenti nomidan ushbu jabrlanganlarga milliy kechirim so'radi majburiy asrab olish amaliyoti 1950-yillarning oxiridan 1970-yillarga qadar Avstraliyada bo'lib o'tdi.^[155] Katta Zalda bo'lib o'tgan kechirim Parlament uyi 800 ishtirokchilari tomonidan yaxshi kutib olindi, ularning aksariyati qurbon bo'lgan yoki ushbu amaliyotlarga aloqador bo'lgan.^[155] Gillard o'z nutqini parlament majburan farzandlikka olish amaliyoti uchun javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga olishini e'lon qilib ochdi:^[156]

Bugun ushbu parlament, Avstraliya xalqi nomidan, og'riqni va azobni umrbod merosini yaratgan onalarni o'z farzandlaridan ajratishga majbur qilgan siyosat va amaliyot uchun mas'uliyatni o'z zimmasiga oladi va kechirim so'raydi.

Ushbu nutqda Gillard 5 million dollarlik mutaxassislarni qo'llab-quvvatlashga majbur qildi va majburiy asrab olish qurbonlari izlarini qayd etdi va qo'shimcha ravishda 1,5 million dollar Avstraliya milliy arxivi "maxsus ko'rgazma orqali majburiy asrab olishdan ta'sirlanganlarning tajribalarini yozib olish."^[157]

Tashqi ishlar

Gillard, tashqi ishlar vaziri Karr bilan birga, AQSh davlat kotibi Hillari Klinton, Mudofaa vaziri Leon Panetta va Mudofaa vaziri Smit, 2012 yil 13 noyabrda

2010 yil oxirida Bosh vazir lavozimidagi birinchi yirik xalqaro safari paytida Gillard ABC TV telekanaliga bergan intervyusida 7.30 Hisobot:^[158]

Tashqi siyosat mening ishtiyoqim emas. It's not what I've spent my life doing. You know, I came into politics predominantly to make a difference to opportunity questions, particularly make a difference in education. So, yes, if I had a choice I'd probably more be in a school watching kids learn to read in Australia than here in Brussels at international meetings.

When Gillard replaced Rudd in 2010, Stiven Smit retained the portfolio of Foreign Affairs up until the 2010 election, when he was moved to Defence. Following her 2010 election victory, Gillard selected her former leader Kevin Rudd (a career diplomat) as Tashqi ishlar vaziri.^[159] After Rudd's unsuccessful etakchilik muammosi in February 2012, Gillard appointed Bob Karr to succeed Rudd as Foreign Affairs Minister.^[160] When Gillard was not present in the Australia due to international commitments, or in other circumstances, Wayne Swan assumed the title of bosh vazir vazifasini bajaruvchi; when neither leader nor deputy were present in Australia, Senatda hukumat rahbari Kris Evans assumed the role, as occurred in October and November 2012.^[161][162]

After the creation of a no-fly zone, which Foreign Minister Kevin Rud vocally supported, Gillard voiced strong support for the 2011 yil Liviyadagi harbiy aralashuv.^[163]

The Gillard Government released the Asian Century White Paper in October 2012, offering a strategic framework for "Australia's navigation of the Asian Century". The report included focus on Australia's relations with China, Hindiston, the key ASEAN countries as well as Japan and Janubiy Koreya.^[164]

On 19 October 2012, Australia secured election to a seat as a Non-Permanent Member of the United Nations Security Council. The initiative had been launched by the Rudd Government, and further pursued under the Gillard Government.^[165]

Afg'oniston

Gillard with General Devid Petreus, komandiri Xalqaro xavfsizlikka yordam berish kuchlari, during a visit to Afghanistan on 2 October 2010

On her first day as prime minister, Gillard reassured US president Barak Obama of Australia's continuing support for the harbiy kampaniya in Afghanistan, which was then in its ninth year of operation.^[166]

She visited Afghanistan on 2 October 2010, meeting with members of the Avstraliya mudofaa kuchlari yilda Tarinkot va Prezident Hamid Karzay yilda Kobul. The visit marked her first foreign trip as prime minister.^[167] Following the visit, A parliamentary debate was conducted for four sitting weeks of parliament in November 2010, with the agreement between Gillard and Abbott that it would be necessary for Australian soldiers to stay in Afghanistan and prevent it from becoming a safe haven for terrorists.^[168] She made her second trip to Afghanistan on 7 November 2011; much like her first trip, Gillard visited the 1,550 Australian troops based in Tarinkot, before meeting Karzai in Kabul where the two discussed the transition plans for Afghan military control. Whilst in Kabul, she opened Australia's newest Elchixona Afg'onistonda.^[169]

In April 2012, Gillard announced at a speech to the Avstraliya strategik siyosat instituti that her government would withdraw all Australian combat forces from Afghanistan by the end of 2013, a year earlier than anticipated; nevertheless, she also committed Australia to long-term military and financial support for Afghanistan in the years following the 2014 transition to military control.^[170][171] Gillard made her third and final trip to the country on 15 October 2012, where she met with President Kurzai, the governor of the Urozgan Province, before visiting the troops based in the aforementioned province.^[172]

Hindiston

O'zaro munosabatlar Australia and India improved throughout Gillard's premiership, following a strained period between the two countries as a result of the Rudd Government's decision to ban uran sales to India in 2007, and the prolonged attacks against Indians living in Australia during 2009 to 2010.^[173][174]

In November 2011, Gillard announced a desire to allow uranium exports to India, as a matter of "national interest, a decision about strengthening our strategic partnership with India in this the Asian century."^[175] The Rudd Government had previously blocked uranium sales to India as a result of the Indian Government not being a signatory of the Yadro qurolini tarqatmaslik to'g'risidagi Shartnoma.^{[176][177][178]} The change in policy was supported a month later at the Labor Party National Conference, and Gillard reversed Australia's ban on exporting uranium to India on 4 December 2011. Gillard further expressed that any future agreement to sell uranium to India would include strict safeguards to ensure it would only be used for civilian purposes, and not end up in nuclear weapons.^[175]

Gillard made her prime-ministerial visit to India on 16 October 2012, for a three-day bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Manmoxan Singx, where they negotiated the safeguards required prior to the commencement of uranium trading between India and Australia.^[179][180] The prospect of a quick trading arrangement was downplayed by both leaders in 2012;^[181] nevertheless, Gillard's efforts in brokering the deal was a precursor of the agreement being finalised between Prime Minister Tony Abbott and his Indian counterpart, Narendra Modi, 2014 yilda.^[182][183] This was her second trip to India whilst in Government; on 31 August 2009, Gillard, then–deputy prime minister, met in India with Minister of Human Resource Development Kapil Sibal for the purpose of discussing the Australian Government's response to the string of attacks on Indian people living in Australia and attending Australian educational institutions.^[184][185]

Yangi Zelandiya

Gillard maintained the close bonds between Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiya throughout her tenure as prime minister. She had a close working relationship with her New Zealand counterpart, Prime Minister Jon Key, who was among the first international leaders to congratulate Gillard on gaining the premiership in June 2010.^[186] 2010 yil oxirida Jahon savdo tashkiloti overturned Australia's 1921 import restriction on New Zealand apples on the basis such ban was 'unscientific', after the New Zealand Government had appealed a decision by the Rudd Government which imposed further quarantine measures.^[187] Gillard and Key had previously made a symbolic bet on the outcome of the 2011 yilgi regbi bo'yicha jahon chempionati held in New Zealand, whereby the losing team of either leader would eat an apple of whichever of the two countries won; New Zealand won, and Gillard would later honour the bet in February 2013, during a dinner with Key.^[188]

On 15 February 2011, Gillard made her first trip to New Zealand, during which she met with Key and held a luncheon with business leaders in Oklend.^[189] It marked the first New Zealand visit of a prime minister since Howard visited in 2007.^[190] To conclude her two-day visit to New Zealand, Gillard travelled to Vellington on 16 February, where she became the first foreign dignitary to address the Yangi Zelandiya parlamenti uning tarixida.^[191] In her speech, Gillard reflected on the countries' close ties to one another, their shared defence history, and efforts to increase economic cooperation.^[191] Her second visit to New Zealand, coincided with the September 2011 gathering of the Tinch okean orollari forumi, held in Auckland, of which both Australia and New Zealand are members.^[192] Gillard made her final trip to New Zealand on 9 February 2013; tashrif buyurish Qirolicha, she and Prime Minister Key announced a deal on asylum seekers, which would see New Zealand accept 150 refugees annually from Australia, starting in 2014.^[193][194]

Birlashgan Qirollik

In relations with the United Kingdom and the Hamdo'stlik, Gillard represented Australia at the Shahzoda Uilyam va Ketrin Midltonning to'yi in London in April 2011 and hosted the Hamdo'stlik hukumat rahbarlari yig'ilishi (CHOGM) in Perth in October of that year.^[195] The Perth CHOGM saw the historic announcement, by Gillard and British Prime Minister Devid Kemeron, of changes to the succession laws regarding to thrones of the Hamdo'stlik sohalari, overturning rules privileging male over female heirs to the line of succession and removing a ban on Roman Catholic consorts.^[196] At the CHOGM, Gillard also hosted Qirolicha Yelizaveta II, for what was suggested to be the Monarch's final visit to Australia, due to her age.^[197]

Qo'shma Shtatlar

Media-ni ijro etish

An excerpt of Gillard's address to the US Congress, on 9 March 2011

In a 2008 speech in Washington, Gillard endorsed the ANZUS Alliance and described the United States as a civilising global influence.^[198] Her former colleague and leader Mark Latham wrote in a 2009 article for the Avstraliya moliyaviy sharhi that these comments were "hypocritical", given past private communications Gillard had exchanged with him which apparently mocked elements of American foreign policy: "One of them concerned her study tour of the US, sponsored by the American Government in 2006—or to use her moniker—'a CIA re-education course'. She asked me to 'stand by for emails explaining Jorj Bush is a great statesman, torture is justified in many circumstances and those Iraqi insurgents should just get over it'."^[199]

On 9 March 2011, Gillard travelled to the United States to mark the 60th Anniversary of the ANZUS Alliance. She held formal meetings with President Barak Obama, Davlat kotibi Hillari Klinton, G'aznachilik kotibi Timoti Geytner, and UN Secretary-General Pan Gi Mun. She also met with First Lady Mishel Obama, and senior US Senator Jon Makkeyn.^[200] Gillard addressed a joint session of the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongressi, becoming the fourth Australian leader to do so and first foreign dignitary to address the 112th congress.^[201] In her speech to Congress, Gillard reiterated Australia's diplomatic and security alliance with the United States, and noted that the United States has "a true friend down under ... In both our countries, true friends stick together – in both our countries real mates talk straight ... So as a friend I urge you only this – be worthy to your best traditions. Be bold."^[201][202]

Gender siyosati

During the course of Gillard's prime ministership, seksizm had been a contentious issue for a number of Labor and Greens Party figures, as well as some commentators.^[203] Former Labor Party advisor Anne Summers said in 2012 that "Gillard is being persecuted both because she is a woman and in ways that would be impossible to apply to a man".^[204] In reply, journalist Piter Xartcher wrote, "She was a woman when she was popular; she can't be unpopular now because she's a woman. The change is a result of her actions in office, not her gender."^[205]

Misogyny speech

In an August 2012 press conference regarding the AWU ishi, Gillard was critical of Avstraliyalik newspaper for writing about her connection to the affair and of what she called "misogynist nut jobs on the internet". Gillard said that she had been "the subject of a very sexist smear campaign".^[206] In early October, the Opposition Leader's wife, Margi Ebbott, accused the Gillard Government of a deliberate campaign to smear Tony Abbott, on gender issues.^[207]

On 9 October 2012, Gillard also raised "sexism and misogyny" in a nutq opposing a motion to remove Piter terlik, her choice as Speaker of the House of Representatives, after revelations of inappropriate conduct on his part became public.^[208] Gillard linked the speech to the context of the then ongoing Alan Jones "died of shame" controversy.^[209] Nutq^[210] was widely reported around the world.^[211] In Laos soon after for an Asian-European leaders conference, Gillard described comments by Fransua Olland va Helle Thorning-Shmidt: "The president of France congratulated me on the speech, as did the Prime Minister of Denmark, and some other leaders, just casually as I've moved around, have also mentioned it to me."^[212][213] AQSh prezidenti Barak Obama reportedly "complimented" Gillard on the speech in a private conversation following his re-election,^[213] and his Secretary of State Hillari Klinton praised the speech as "very striking" with Gillard going "chapter and verse".^[214]

Labor had secured the defection of Slipper from the Kvinslend Liberal Milliy partiyasi (LNP) to sit in the Speaker's chair a year earlier, but he was forced to stand aside from his main duties in April 2012 pending the conclusion of a criminal investigation.^[215] After a week of controversy, Gillard announced that she was asking Slipper to delay his return to the Chair pending the conclusion of concurrent civil proceedings, in an effort to dispel what she described as a "dark cloud" over her government (a reference also to the ongoing Craig Thomson affair involving a Labor MP linked to corruption allegations).^[216]

2012 leadership vote

Gillard in 2012

In the light of poor polling results for the Gillard Government, speculation that Foreign Minister and former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd wished to challenge Gillard for the leadership culminated with Rudd resigning from the Cabinet on 22 February 2012. Rudd told the media "I can only serve as Foreign Minister if I have the confidence of Prime Minister Gillard and her senior ministers" after Gillard failed to repudiate cabinet ministers who publicly criticised Rudd and his tenure as Prime Minister.^[217][218] The situation had been further exacerbated by the revelation on To'rt burchak that Gillard's staff wrote her victory speech for the 2010 leadership election two weeks prior to her challenge, contradicting Gillard's earlier claims that she had only resolved to challenge Rudd the day before the vote. This revelation caused particular conflict between Labor factions to surface, with Labor MP Darren Cheeseman calling on Gillard to resign, while his colleague Stiv Gibbons called Rudd a "psychopath with a giant ego".^[219]

After resigning, Rudd stated that he did not think Gillard could defeat the Koalitsiya at the next election and that, since his resignation, he had received encouragement from Labor MPs and Cabinet Ministers to contest the leadership.^[220] Gillard responded to these developments by announcing a leadership ballot for the morning of 27 February 2012, saying that if she lost the vote she would return to the orqa o'rindiq and renounce any claims to the leadership. She asked that Rudd make the same commitment.^[221]

At the leadership ballot, Gillard won comfortably by a vote of 71 to 31.^[222]

March 2013 leadership vote

Despite Gillard's defeating Kevin Rudd comfortably in the 2012 leadership spill, tensions remained in the Labor Party regarding Gillard's leadership.^[223] After Labor's polling position worsened in the wake of Gillard announcing the date of the 2013 election, these tensions came to a head when former Labor Leader and Mintaqaviy vazir Simon Crean called for a leadership spill and backed Rudd on 21 March 2013.^[224] In response, Gillard sacked Crean from his position, and called a leadership spill for 4.30 pm that same day.

Ten minutes before the ballot was due to occur, Rudd publicly announced that he would not contest the leadership, in line with the commitment he had made following the 2012 contest. As such, Gillard and Wayne Swan were the only candidates for the Leadership and Deputy Leadership of the Labor Party, and were elected unopposed. This marked the first time in history that an incumbent Labor Leader was elected unopposed at a leadership ballot.^[225] Several ministers subsequently resigned from the government, including Chief Government Whip Djoel Fitsgibbon, Human Services Minister Kim Karr, and Energy Minister Martin Fergyuson.

Gillard declared that the question of the Labor leadership was now "settled". Nevertheless, speculation on Gillard's leadership remained a major issue, with polling results indicating an electoral disaster were she to lead the Labor Party into the election. In light of this, media attention once more turned to Kevin Rudd as a possible replacement in the short term. It was reported that Gillard's supporter Bill Shorten was under pressure to ask her to resign, creating a vacancy that Rudd would contest.^[226]

June 2013 leadership vote

By the end of June 2013, Labor's standing in the polls had worsened, and the Coalition had been leading in most opinion polls for two years; one poll in early June showed that Labor would be reduced to as few as 40 seats after the next election.^[227] With a general election due later that year, even some staunch Gillard supporters began to believe that Labor faced almost certain defeat if Gillard continued as leader. According to the ABC's Barri Kassidi, the question was not whether Gillard would be ousted as Labor leader, but when the ousting would take place.^[228]

Following further speculation over her leadership, on 26 June a rumour emerged that supporters of Kevin Rudd were collecting signatures for a letter demanding an immediate leadership vote. That afternoon, before any letter had been published, Gillard called a leadership spill live on television.^[229] She challenged any would-be opponent to join her in a pledge that, while the winner would become leader, the loser would immediately retire from politics. Despite his earlier comments that he would not return to the leadership under any circumstances, Kevin Rudd announced that he would challenge Gillard for the leadership, and committed to retiring from politics if he lost. In the party-room ballot later that evening, Rudd defeated Gillard by a margin of 57 votes to 45.^[230]

Resignation and retirement from politics

Bronze bust of Julia Gillard at the Bosh vazir ko'chasi ichida Ballarat botanika bog'lari

Uning mag'lubiyatidan so'ng rahbariyat ovozi on 26 June 2013, Gillard congratulated Rudd on his win and announced that she would immediately tender her resignation as Prime Minister to the Governor-General, Quentin Bryce.^[231] She also announced, in keeping with her pledge before the leadership vote, that she would not re-contest her seat of Lalor at the upcoming election, and thus would retire from politics. In her final speech, she reflected on the honour of being the first female head of government in Australia and expressed confidence for the future of women leaders in Australia:

There's been a lot of analysis about the so-called 'gender wars'. Me playing the so-called 'gender card' because heavens knows no-one noticed I was a woman until I raised it [...] I've been a little bit bemused by those colleagues in the newspapers who have admitted that I have suffered more pressure as a result of my gender than other prime ministers in the past but then concluded that it had zero effect on my political position or the political position of the Labor Party. It doesn't explain everything, it doesn't explain nothing, it explains some things. And it is for the nation to think in a sophisticated way about those shades of grey. What I am absolutely confident of is it will be easier for the next woman and the woman after that and the woman after that. And I'm proud of that.^[232]

Gillard's resignation as Prime Minister took effect the following day, upon the swearing in of Rudd,^[233][234] and she made her final appearance in the House of Representatives shortly thereafter.^[235] Her parliamentary service ended at the dissolution of the Parliament on 5 August. By the conclusion of her tenure, Gillard overtook Gou Uitlam sifatida 14th longest–serving Prime Minister of Australia, having served in the position for three full years.^[236] She also became the longest–serving Prime Minister since John Howard's electoral loss in 2007; a record which has not been exceeded by successive Prime Ministers Rudd, Abbott, Malkolm Ternbull, or as of 2018^[yangilash], current Prime Minister Skott Morrison.^[236]

Subsequent to the federal election held on 7 September 2013, Gillard was succeeded as the Member for Lalor by her preferred replacement, Joanne Rayan, a former school principal.^{[237][238][239]}

Siyosiy lavozimlar

Siyosiy falsafa

Although nominally a member of the Victorian Left faction of the Labor Party,^[240] her election to Prime Minister occurred because of support from the Right factions of the party, with the hard Left planning to support Rudd in the Caucus vote had there actually been one.^[241] Ning tahlillari Jaklin Kent 's 2009 biography of Gillard suggest that her membership in the Left faction is "more organisational than ideological".^[6][240] In July 2010, historian Ross Fitsjerald said, "... at least since [2009] Gillard has sought to reposition herself more towards the Labor Right."^[242]

Civil liberties and democracy

Gillard supports Australia respublikaga aylanish and has suggested that the end of Queen Yelizaveta II 's reign would be "probably the appropriate point for a transition".^[243] Following the elevation of republican Malkolm Ternbull to the prime-ministership in September 2015, Gillard along with Rudd tvit yozdi their support for Piter FitsSimons, boshlig'i Avstraliya respublikachilar harakati, and his call for new members to join the movement.^[244]

Following the November 2010 release of secret Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining diplomatik aloqalari, Gillard stated, "I absolutely condemn the placement of this information on the WikiLeaks veb-sayt. It's a grossly irresponsible thing to do and an illegal thing to do."^{[245][246][247]} After an Australian Federal Police investigation failed to find WikiLeaks had broken any Australian laws by publishing the US diplomatic documents, Gillard maintained her stance that the release of the documents was "grossly irresponsible".^[248]

Ijtimoiy siyosat

Gillard expressed support for legal abortion in 2005, saying that "Women without money would be left without that choice or in the hands of backyard abortion providers" and that she understood "the various moral positions" regarding abortions.^[249] Pertaining to unplanned pregnancies and counselling, Gillard is of the view that women ought to be couselled by someone of their choice – as opposed to only trained professionals referred to by their general practitioners.^[250] In August 2012, Gillard reiterated her position in support of abortion, stating that "Women must have the right to healthcare and women must have the right to choose."^[251]

In response to a 2012 report by think-tank Australia 21, which recommended the relaxation of illicit drug laws in Australia, Gillard rejected the report and claimed that "drugs kill people they rip families apart, they destroy lives ... I am not in favour of decriminalisation of any of our drug laws."^[252][253]

Haqida evtanaziya, Gillard warned that it may "open the door to exploitation and perhaps callousness towards people in the end stage of life" and that she is not convinced that the policy of pro-euthanasia advocates contain "sufficient safeguards".^[254]

Gillard, as a member of parliament, voted against a bill that would have legalised Avstraliyada bir jinsli nikoh 2011 yilda.^[255] In 2010 she stated "the Marriage Act is appropriate in its current form, that is recognising that marriage is between a man and a woman" and that marriage being between a man and woman "has a special status".^{[254][256][257]} The triennial Labor conference held in December 2011 saw Gillard successfully negotiate an amendment on same-sex marriage to see the party introduce a conscience vote to parliament through a private member's bill, rather than a binding vote.^[149] When the private members bill was introduced by Labor backbencher Stiven Jons, it was defeated in the House of Representatives on 19 September 2012.^[154] In September 2014, Gillard said that the "course of human history now is that we are going to see same-sex marriage here and in, you know, most parts of the developed world."^[258] She declared her support for same-sex marriage in August 2015.^[255]

Post-political career (2013–present)

Nashrlar va tashqi ko'rinish

Gillard delivers a keynote address to the Uels milliy assambleyasi on the representation of women in public life, in July 2015

In July 2013, Gillard signed a book deal for her memoirs with Pingvin Avstraliya.^[259] Tarjimai hol, Mening hikoyam, tomonidan 2014 yilda nashr etilgan Tasodifiy uy.^[260] In the book, Gillard reflects on various personal aspects of her life and career, including her own analysis of the people and key players during the Rudd–Gillard Governments. Senator Nick Xenophon was said to have been "infamously excluded from university for a period as punishment for stuffing a ballot box full of voting papers he had somehow procured", which was denied by Xenophon. In February 2015, Random House issued a public apology to Xenophon and paid a confidential cash settlement.^[261] Following requests from Xenophon for a personal apology from Gillard, on 6 August 2015 she published a personal apology to him in a number of Australian newspapers.^[262]

Following her departure from parliament at the 2013 election, Gillard has remained engaged with the Labor Party. After Labor's defeat at the federal election held in September 2013, Gillard penned an op-ed uchun Guardian Australia, wherein she wrote about her legacy and how she believes the Labor Party ought to rebuild.^[263][264] In June 2015, Gillard participated in Sara Fergyuson "s Qotillik fasli, a three-part documentary series which chronicles the events of the Rudd–Gillard years in power. The television series featured in-depth interviews with key Labor Party officials during the Rudd–Gillard Governments.^[265] Oldin 2016 yilgi saylov campaign, Gillard offered her assistance to the Labor party, whereby a video was released of her endorsing and seeking donations for the party's education policy.^[266] She later joined former Labor Prime Ministers Bob Xok va Pol Kitting at Bill Shorten's Labor campaign launch on 19 June 2016.^[267]

She had been a supporter of Hillary Clinton's Democratic Party candidacy uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti, from as early as September 2014 when Gillard announced that she would "loudly barrack from the sidelines" should Clinton run.^[268] Having endorsed Clinton after she announced her candidacy in April 2015,^[269] Gillard appeared in a campaign video in October, wherein she advocated for the presidential candidate and her leadership surrounding women's issues.^[270][271] Gillard attended the first day of the Demokratik milliy konventsiya yilda Filadelfiya on 25 July 2016, alongside former US Secretary of State Madlen Olbrayt.^[272] The following day, Gillard published an open letter to Clinton in the Nyu-York Tayms, urging voters to "shame sexism" levied against the Democratic presidential candidate.^[273][274]

Hurmat va uchrashuvlar

In April 2014, Gillard was admitted to the degree of Doctor of Viktoriya universiteti, honoris causa, for her accomplishments surrounding education and disability reform as a political leader.^[275] On 11 February 2015, Gillard received an honorary doctorate from the Vrije Universiteit Bryussel "for her achievements as a woman committed to education and to social inclusion, and for the impact of her commitment on the situation of children, youngsters and women worldwide";^[276] and she also held a Kapuscinski Development Lecture on "the importance of education in development contexts" at the said university.^[277][278] In October, she received an honorary doctorate from the Kanberra universiteti, for her work in "education and gender equality."^[279] In January 2016 she opened the Julia Gillard Library in the Melbourne suburb of Tarneit; the library's name was selected by the Vindxem shahar kengashi to recognise her contributions as both the local member of parliament and Prime Minister.^[280][281] Gillard was conferred an Honorary Doctorate of Laws by Deakin universiteti, for her promotion of "education opportunities in Australia, especially to groups under-represented in higher education", in December 2016.^[282][283]

Gillard at the Girls' Education Forum, held in London on 7 July 2016

Having moved back to Adelaide, Gillard was appointed an honorary Visiting Professor of Politics at the University of Adelaide in 2013.^[284][285] In October of that year, she joined the Brukings instituti 's Center for Universal Education as a nonresident katta kursdosh.^[286] In February 2014, Gillard was appointed chairwoman of the Ta'lim uchun global hamkorlik, an international organisation focused on getting all children into school for a quality education in the world's poorest countries.^[287] Later that year, in December, Gillard joined the board of the mental health organisation Moviydan tashqari, chaired by former Victorian Premier Jeff Kennett.^[288] Kennett announced on 21 March 2017 that he would be stepping down from the position during the second–half of the year, almost 17 years after founding the organisation; Gillard succeeded him as chair of Beyond Blue on 1 July 2017, becoming the first former Prime Minister since Malkolm Freyzer to head a mental-health organisation.^[289] Since February 2015 she has been the patron of the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library at Kurtin universiteti Pertda.^[290][291] On 30 June 2015, she was conferred with a fellowship from Aberistvit universiteti in recognition of her "significant contribution to political life".^[292] In September 2016 Gillard was appointed a visiting professor at London qirollik kolleji, joining the King's Policy Institute to chair the Global Institute for Women's Leadership, as well as the Menzies Centre for Australian Studies.^[293]

In 2017, Gillard was appointed a Avstraliya ordeni hamrohi (AC) "for eminent service to the Parliament of Australia, particularly as Prime Minister, through seminal contributions to economic and social development, particularly policy reform in the areas of education, disability care, workplace relations, health, foreign affairs and the environment, and as a role model to women."^[294][295] Ga binoan G'arbiy Avstraliya, one of her nominators for the award was then–Prime Minister Tony Abbott, who wrote a letter testifying to her suitability for the honour in 2014.^[296] Gillard is the most recent former prime minister to have received such award since Jon Xovard in 2008, and the sixth prime minister overall.^[297] In July 2017 she took up her appointment as chair of Beyond Blue.^[298]

In 2018 she was listed as one of BBCning 100 ayol.^[299]

Shaxsiy hayot

Gillard with her partner, Tim Mathieson, in 2013

Gillard met Tim Metyon in 2004, and they have been in a relationship since 2006.^[300][301]

Gillard's mother told ABC TV's Avstraliya hikoyasi program that Gillard had spoken from a young age of never wanting children. Gillard herself told the program that while she admired women who could balance child rearing with a career, "I'm not sure I could have. There's something in me that's focused and single-minded and if I was going to do that, I'm not sure I could have done this."^[302]

Gillard owned a single-storey home in the south-western Melbourne suburb of Altona^[303] which she occupied prior to The Lodge and sold in December 2013.^[304] She is a public supporter of the G'arbiy bulldoglar Avstraliya futbolni boshqaradi jamoa^[305] va Melburndagi bo'ron regbi ligasi jamoa.^[306] She currently resides in Adelaide, in the beachside suburb of Brayton.^[307]

Gillard was brought up in the Baptist tradition, but is an ateist. In a 2010 interview, when asked if she believed in God, she stated: "No, I don't ... I'm not a religious person ... I'm a great respecter of religious beliefs but they're not my beliefs."^[308][309] Comparing Australia to the United States in a 2013 interview with Washington Post, she stated: "I think it would be inconceivable for me if I were an American to have turned up at the highest echelon of American politics being an atheist, single and childless."^[310] In her 2014 autobiography, Mening hikoyam, Gillard stated, "Kevin had to be the leader in our alliance because I understood that I was not what Labor needed at that point: a woman, not married, an atheist."^[311]

AWU ishi

Gillard worked in the industrial department of the law firm Slater & Gordon from 1988 through to 1995.^[312] In the early 1990s, she was in a relationship with Bruce Wilson, an official of the Avstraliya ishchilar kasaba uyushmasi (AWU).^{[313][314][315]} Gillard provided pro-bono legal assistance to help establish the AWU Workplace Reform Association for Wilson and his associate Ralph Blewitt.^[316] She was also involved in providing legal services in relation to the purchase of a Fitzroy property by Wilson and Blewitt. Wilson and Blewitt have been accused of creating the association to use a shilimshiq fond for personal benefit, including diverting funds for the purchase of the house in Fitzroy.^[317]

Slater & Gordon investigated Gillard's conduct and concluded that she had no case to answer.^{[25][318][319]} Gillard has denied any wrongdoing.^[320] Keyingi Royal Commission into union corruption found that Gillard had not committed or known of any criminal activity, but had displayed a lapse in professional judgement.^[321]

Ishlaydi

• Gillard, Julia (2014). Mening hikoyam. Tasodifiy uy Avstraliya. ISBN  978-0-85798-391-6.

Shuningdek qarang

• Yuliya bilan uyda, a satirical television series
• Saylangan yoki tayinlangan ayol hukumat rahbarlari ro'yxati
• Avstraliyadagi ayol hukumat rahbarlarining ro'yxati

Adabiyotlar

Qo'shimcha o'qish

Tashqi havolalar

• Julia Gillard ustida Avstraliya parlamenti
• Julia Gillardniki shaxsiy veb-sayt
• Qidiring yoki ko'rib chiqing Xansard uchun Julia Gillard OpenAustralia.org saytida
• Gillard, Julia Eileen (1961 -) yilda Yigirmanchi asrda Avstraliyada ayollar va etakchilik ensiklopediyasi
• Tashqi ko'rinish kuni C-SPAN