Djo Paterno - Joe Paterno - Wikipedia

Djo Paterno
Jou Paterno - Penn State - Outback Bowl pep mitingi 123110 cropped.jpg
Paterno 2010 yilgi mitingda
Biografik tafsilotlar
Tug'ilgan(1926-12-21)1926 yil 21-dekabr
Bruklin, Nyu-York
O'ldi2012 yil 22-yanvar(2012-01-22) (85 yosh)
Shtat kolleji, Pensilvaniya
Karyera o'ynash
1946–1949jigarrang
Lavozim (lar)Quarterback, burchakli burchak
Murabbiylik faoliyati (HC qayd etilmagan bo'lsa)
1950–1965Penn shtati (yordamchi)
1966–2011Penn shtati
Ma'muriy martaba (Mil qayd etilmagan bo'lsa)
1980–1982Penn shtati
Bosh murabbiyning qaydnomasi
Umuman olganda409–136–3
Kosa24–12–1
Yutuqlar va sharaflar
Chempionatlar
2 Milliy (1982, 1986)
3 Katta o'nlik (1994, 2005, 2009)
Mukofotlar
Sport Illustrated Yilning eng yaxshi sportchisi (1986)
5× AFCA COY (1968, 1978, 1982, 1986, 2005)
3× Walter Camp COY (1972, 1994, 2005)
3× Eddi Robinson COY (1978, 1982, 1986)
2× Bobbi Dodd COY (1981, 2005)
Pol "Ayiq" Brayant mukofoti (1986)
3× Jorj Munger mukofoti (1990, 1994, 2005)
Amos Alonzo Stagg mukofoti (2002)
Home Depot-ning eng yaxshi murabbiyi mukofoti (2005)
Sporting News kolleji futbol COY (2005)
3× Yilning eng yaxshi o'nta murabbiyi (1994, 2005, 2008)
Kollejning Shon-sharaf zali
2007 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan (profil )

Jozef Vinsent Paterno (/pəˈt.rnoʊ/; 1926 yil 21-dekabr - 2012 yil 22-yanvar), ba'zan shunday deb nomlanadi JoePa, amerikalik edi kollej futboli o'yinchi, sport direktori va murabbiy. U edi bosh murabbiy ning Penn State Nittany sherlari 1966 yildan 2011 yilgacha. Paterno 409 g'alaba bilan eng g'olib murabbiy hisoblanadi NCAA FBS tarix. U yozib oldi 2011 yil 29 oktyabrda 409-g'alaba; uning faoliyati 2011 yil 9-noyabr kuni jamoadan chetlatilishi bilan yakunlandi Penn State shtatida bolalarga nisbatan jinsiy zo'ravonlik.[1][2][3] U 74 kundan keyin asoratlari tufayli vafot etdi o'pka saratoni.[4]

Paterno tug'ilgan Bruklin, Nyu-York. U ishtirok etdi Braun universiteti, u erda u ikkala usulda ham futbol o'ynagan yarim himoyachi va a burchakli burchak. Dastlab u yuridik fakultetiga borishni rejalashtirgan edi, ammo uning o'rniga 1950 yilda Penn State shtatida futbol murabbiyining yordamchisi sifatida yollandi. Uni kollej murabbiyi bunga ko'ndirdi Rip Engle, Penn shtatining bosh murabbiyi sifatida ish boshlagan. 1966 yilda Paterno Englening vorisi deb nomlandi. Tez orada u jamoani mag'lubiyatsiz ikki mavsumda boshqargan 1968 va 1969. Jamoa ikki marta mamlakat chempionligini qo'lga kiritdi - yilda 1982 va 1986. Paterno mag'lubiyatsiz beshta jamoani boshqargan va kosa o'yinlarida g'olib bo'lgan va 2007 yilda u tarkibga kiritilgan Kollejning Shon-sharaf zali murabbiy sifatida. Faoliyati davomida u Nittany sherlarini 37 g'alaba bilan boshqargan va 24 g'alaba qozongan, murabbiyga takliflarni rad etgan Milliy futbol ligasi (NFL) tarkibiga kiritilgan jamoalar Pitsburg Steelers va Yangi Angliya vatanparvarlari.

Paternoning murabbiylik faoliyati 2011 yilda to'satdan tugadi Penn State Vasiylik Kengashi Paternoning mudofaa bo'yicha sobiq koordinatori bilan bog'liq bo'lgan bolani jinsiy zo'rlash bilan bog'liq mojaroga javoban o'z shartnomasini bekor qildi Jerri Sanduski.[5] Sobiq tomonidan olib borilgan tergov Federal qidiruv byurosi direktor Louis Freeh Paterno Sanduskiyning yosh bolalarni jinsiy zo'ravonligi bilan bog'liq ma'lumotlarni yashirgan degan xulosaga keldi.[6][7][8][9][10] Freeh hisobotining yuridik firma tomonidan tanqid qilinishi King & Spalding, Paterno oilasi tomonidan buyurtma qilingan, Paternoning aybni yashirishda ishtirok etganligi to'g'risida bahslashdi.[11] 2012 yilda NCAA 1998 yildan 2011 yilgacha Penn Shtatining barcha g'alabalarini bolalarga nisbatan jinsiy zo'ravonlik uchun jazo sifatida bo'shatdi va Paternoni birinchi kunidan 12 gacha tushirdi. g'olib bo'lgan NCAA futbol murabbiylari ro'yxati.[12] 2015 yilda Penn Shtat bilan qonuniy kelishuvda NCAA o'z qarorini bekor qildi va barcha 111 g'alabani Paternoning rekordiga qaytardi.[13][14]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Jozef Vinsent Paterno 1926 yil 21-dekabrda tug'ilgan Bruklin, Nyu-York, Florens de LaSalle Cafiero o'g'li, uy bekasi va Angelo Lafayette Paterno, qonun xodimi.[15] Uning oilasi edi Italiya ajdodi. U butun hayoti davomida sezilarli Bruklin aksenti bilan gaplashdi. 1944 yilda Paterno uni tugatdi Bruklin tayyorgarlik maktabi. Olti hafta o'tgach, u Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida armiyaga chaqirildi. Paterno bir yil armiyada bo'lib, 1946 o'quv yilini boshlash uchun muddatidan oldin ozod qilindi Braun universiteti, uning o'qishi qaerdan to'langanligi Band Arnold.[16][17]

Braunda Paterno a'zosi bo'lgan Delta Kappa Epsilon birodarlik (Upsilon bobida).[18] U kortebek va burchakda o'ynadi Ayiqlar va u Greg Parker bilan tutish bo'yicha karer rekordini (14) baham ko'radi.[19] Paterno 1950 yilda ingliz adabiyoti mutaxassisligi bo'yicha bitirgan.[20]

Murabbiylik tarixi

Paterno qabul qilindi Boston universiteti yuridik fakulteti va u Penn Steytda murabbiylik qilishga qaror qilishdan oldin qatnashishni rejalashtirgan edi.[21] Kasbini tanlaganini eshitgach, otasi: "Xudo haqqi, siz kollejda nima uchun o'qidingiz?"[22] Paterno qo'shildi Rip Engle yilda Penn State shtatida yordamchi murabbiy sifatida 1950; Engle 1944-1949 yillarda "Braun" da besh mavsum murabbiylik qilgan. Paterno iyun oyida yordamchi murabbiy lavozimiga ko'tarildi 1964,[23] va fevral oyida Engle nafaqaga chiqishini e'lon qilganida 1966,[24] Ertasi kuni Paterno uning vorisi deb nomlandi.[25]

Paternoning Heisman Trophy g'olibi bo'lgan, Jon Kappelletti, 1973 yilda mukofotga sazovor bo'lgan.

1995 yilda Paterno yo'naltirilgan tirade uchun uzr so'radi Rutjers bosh murabbiy Dag Graber milliy televidenie o'yinlari oxirida.[26]

"Penn State" futboli 2000 yildan 2004 yilgacha kurash olib bordi va o'sha yillarda umumiy 26-33 rekord qayd etdi va Paterno ba'zi Penn State sodiq kishilarining tanqidiga aylandi. Ommaviy axborot vositalarining aksariyati Penn Shtatning kurashlarini Paternoning yoshi bilan bog'lashdi. U nafaqaga chiqishni rejalashtirmagan edi va muxlislar va bitiruvchilarning kontingenti uni iste'foga chiqara boshladilar. Paterno bularning barchasini rad etdi va shartnomasini 2008 yilda tugashiga qadar bajarishini aytdi.[27] Penn State shtatining o'sishi aks etgan holda, Qunduz stadioni uning faoliyati davomida olti marta kengaytirilib, hajmi 1966 yilda 46284 dan 2001 yilda 106.572 gacha o'sdi.

Nutq paytida Pitsburg 2005 yil 12 mayda Paterno agar shunday bo'lsa, nafaqaga chiqishni o'ylashini ma'lum qildi 2005 yil futbol jamoasi mavsumni umidsiz o'tkazdi. "Agar biz ba'zi o'yinlarda g'alaba qozona olmasak, men bu erdan orqamni olib qochishim kerak", dedi Paterno Duquesne Club-da so'zlagan nutqida. "Shunchaki oddiy".[28] "Penn State" mavsumni 11-1 ko'rsatkichi bilan yakunladi va chempion bo'ldi Katta o'nlik 2005 yilda. Ular Florida shtatini 26-23 hisobida mag'lubiyatga uchrashuvda uch martadan ortiq vaqt davomida yutishdi 2006 yil to'q sariq kosa.

Paterno "da ayblandiyorug'lik qilish jinsiy tajovuz "tomonidan 2006 yilda Ayollar uchun milliy tashkilot, keyinchalik iste'foga chiqishni talab qilgan Penn Shtat ushbu hodisani "kontekstdan chiqarilgan" deb tasniflagan va hech qachon Paternoning istefosini so'rab jiddiy o'ylamagan.[29]

2009 yilgi mavsum Paternoning 44-mavsumi edi bosh murabbiy ning Nittany sherlari, o'tish Amos Alonzo Stagg ko'p yillar davomida I bo'limdagi bitta muassasada bosh murabbiy sifatida ishlagan.[30]

Paterno qisqartirilgan 2011 yilgi mavsum Penn State shtatidagi murabbiylar shtabidagi 62-chi futbolchisi edi, bu unga bitta universitetda har qanday futbol murabbiyi uchun eng ko'p mavsum rekordini berdi.

Penn State shtati o'yinchilarning maydon tashqarisidagi huquqiy muammolariga duch keldi, ular orasida 2002 yildan beri 163 ta jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilgan 46 Penn State futbolchilari bor edi. Pensilvaniya shtatidagi ESPN tahliliga ko'ra jami 118 ta ayblov bekor qilindi yoki isbotlanmadi. sud yozuvlari va hisobotlari.[31] 2008 yilda ESPN Paterno va universitet Penn State futbol dasturi ustidan nazoratni shubha ostiga qo'ydi. ESPN ESPN xususiyatini ishlab chiqardi va efirga uzatdi Chiziqlar tashqarisida mavzuni qamrab olgan.[32] Paterno bu ayblovlarni rad etdi "jodugar ovi "va radioeshittirish vositasi Paterno jurnalistlarni muammolar haqida so'raganligi uchun ularni chayqaganini aytdi.[33]

The Pensilvaniya shtati xodimlarining pensiya tizimi (SERS) Paternoning 2007 yil noyabrdagi maoshini oshkor qildi: $ 512,664. 2006 yilda unga 490 638 dollar to'langan.[34] "Menga yaxshi maosh berishadi, menga ortiqcha maosh berishmaydi", dedi Paterno ish haqi oshkor etilishidan oldin chorshanba kuni jurnalistlarga bergan intervyusida. "Men kerakli pulni oldim".[35]

Paterno o'zining gameyday qiyofasi - qalin ko'zoynaklar, o'ralgan ko'ylaklar (tan olishicha, pulni tejash uchun), oq paypoqlar va Bruklindagi nutqlari bilan mashhur edi.[36]

Kosa va chempionatlar

Paterno 2007 yil sentyabr oyida o'yin boshlanishidan oldin jamoasi bilan yugurmoqda

Paterno rasmiy NCAA-da jami 18 ta g'alaba qozongan. U jami piyola chiqishlari bo'yicha 37 ta NCAA rekordchisiga ega.[37] Unda mag'lubiyatdan so'ng 24 g'alaba, 12 mag'lubiyat va 1 durang qayd etilgan 2011 yilgi Outback Bowl. Paterno to'rtta eng katta idishning har biri - Rose, Orange, Fiesta va Sugar - hamda Cotton Bowl Classic ni kamida bir marotaba qo'lga kiritgan birinchi murabbiy edi. Penn Steyt, Paterno butun o'n yillikda, 1970 yildan 2009 yilgacha bo'lgan davrda, kamida o'n uchta g'alaba qozongan.

Paterno Penn shtatini ikkitaga olib bordi milliy chempionatlar (1982 va 1986) va beshta mag'lubiyatsiz, bog'lanmagan fasl (1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 va 1994). Uning to'rtta mag'lubiyatsiz jamoasi (1968, 1969, 1973 va 1994) yirik piyola o'yinlarida g'olib bo'lishdi va mamlakat chempionatiga sazovor bo'lmadilar.

Paterno davrida Penn State apelsin bobini (1968, 1969, 1973 va 2005), Paxta kosasini (1972 va 1974), Fiesta boulini (1977, 1980, 1981, 1986, 1991 va 1996), Ozodlik boulini ( 1979), Sugar Bowl (1982), Aloha Bowl (1983), Holiday Bowl (1989), Citrus Bowl (1993 va 2010), Rose Bowl (1994), Outback Bowl (1995, 1998 va 2006) va Alamo Bowl (1999 va 2007).

Penn State qo'shilganidan keyin Big Ten konferentsiyasi 1993 yilda Paterno boshchiligidagi Nittany sherlari g'olib bo'lishdi Big Ten chempionati uch marta (1994, 2005 va 2008). Paterno Top 10 milliy reytingida 29 ta natijani qayd etdi.

Mukofotlar va sharaflar

2006 yil 16 mayda Paterno saylandi Kollejning Shon-sharaf zali Milliy futbol jamg'armasi o'z qoidalarini o'zgartirishga va 75 yoshdan oshgan har qanday murabbiyga nafaqaga chiqguncha kutish o'rniga Shon-sharaf zaliga munosib bo'lishiga ruxsat berishga qaror qilganidan keyin.[41] Biroq, 2006 yil 4-noyabr kuni u qarshi o'yin paytida yon tomon to'qnashuvi paytida jarohat oldi Viskonsin. Jarohati natijasida u Nyu-York shahridagi tanishtirish marosimlariga bora olmadi va Milliy futbol jamg'armasi uning o'rniga 2007 yilgi Shon-sharaf zali sinfiga qo'shilishini e'lon qildi.[42] Paterno 2007 yil 4 dekabrda sudga tayinlangan,[43] va rasmiy ravishda 2008 yil 19 iyulda bo'lib o'tgan marosimda tasdiqlangan.[44]

2009 yilda Paterno nomini oldi Sport yangiliklari' barcha davrlarning eng buyuk 50 murabbiylari ro'yxati (MLB, NBA, NFL, NHL, kollej basketboli va kollej futboli). U 13-o'rinda qayd etilgan.[45]

2010 yilda Maksvell futbol klubi Filadelfiya tomonidan tashkil etilgan Jozef V. Paterno mukofoti, har yili kollej futbol murabbiyiga "o'z universiteti, futbolchilari va jamoasiga ijobiy ta'sir ko'rsatgan" mukofot berilishi kerak.[46] Buzilganidan keyin Penn State shtatida bolalarga nisbatan jinsiy zo'ravonlik keyingi yil mukofot klub tomonidan bekor qilindi.[47]

Shuningdek, 2010 yilda Big Ten konferentsiyasi Konferentsiya futbol chempionati g'olibiga beriladigan yillik kubok sifatida Stagg - Paterno chempionati kubogini ta'sis etdi.[48] Biroq, 2011 yil 14 noyabrda kubok nomi o'zgartirildi Stagg chempionati kubogi Sanduskiyga nisbatan bolalarni suiiste'mol qilish janjalini hisobga olgan holda.[49]

Paterno ham nomzod edi Prezidentning Ozodlik medali. Biroq, Sanduskiyga nisbatan bolalarni suiiste'mol qilish janjalini hisobga olgan holda, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari senatorlari Pat Tomi va Bob Keysi, kichik, shu qatorda; shu bilan birga Vakil Glenn Tompson sharafga sazovor bo'lgan Paternoni qo'llab-quvvatlashni qaytarib oldi.[50][51][52]

Bolalarda jinsiy zo'ravonlik mojarosi va ishdan bo'shatish

Asosiy maqola: Penn State shtatida bolalarga nisbatan jinsiy zo'ravonlik
Mening ismim, men butun umrimni bu ism nimanidir anglatishiga sarfladim. Va endi u yo'q.
- Jo Paterno, tugatilishidan keyin[53]
Men ishonmayapman [Joe Paterno taxmin qilingan yashirishda qatnashgan]. Va men buni hech kimga sodiqlik emas, balki dalillar asosida ko'rib chiqmoqdaman. Men bu dalillarni topmadim.
- Sanduskiy prokurori Frank Fina, kuni 60 daqiqa[54]

2011 yil 5-noyabrda sobiq Penn shtati mudofaa koordinatori Jerri Sanduski ning 52 moddasi bilan hibsga olingan bolalarga nisbatan jinsiy zo'ravonlik 1994 va 2009 yillar orasida sodir bo'lgan, shu jumladan Penn State kampusidagi voqealar haqidagi da'volar.[55] 2011 yildagi katta hakamlar hay'ati tergovi o'sha paytda bitirgan yordamchi haqida xabar berdi Mayk McQueary 2002 yilda Paternoga aytgan (prokuratura keyinchalik 2001 yilga o'zgartirish kiritgan)[56] u Sanduskiyning Penn State shtatidagi futbolning dush idoralarida 10 yoshli bolani haqoratlaganini ko'rganligi.[57][58] Xabarda aytilishicha, Paterno Atletik direktoriga xabar bergan Tim Curley voqea to'g'risida va keyinchalik Gari Shultzni moliya va biznes bo'yicha vitse-prezidentga xabar qildi,[59] unga Universitet politsiyasi bevosita hisobot bergan.[60] Paterno McQueary unga "dushdagi hodisaga guvoh bo'lganini ... lekin u hech qachon men bilan katta hakamlar hay'ati hisobotida ko'rsatilgan aniq harakatlar bilan bog'liqligini" aytganini aytdi.[61] Paterno o'zining katta hay'at ko'rsatmalarida McQueary Sanduskiyni "jinsiy tabiat" deb ta'riflagan harakati bilan yosh bolani "erkalab" ta'riflaganini aytdi, ammo keyinchalik MakKuyari guvohlik beradigan zo'rlash bilan to'xtadi.[62][63][64] 2001 yildagi voqea mohiyatiga qaramay va keyinchalik Karli va boshqa universitet rasmiylari bu ayblovlarni politsiyaga xabar qilmagani aniq bo'lganiga qaramay, Paterno bundan keyin ham politsiyaga xabar bermadi.[65][66] Buning o'rniga, ikki hafta o'tgach, Karli Sanduskining echinish xonasidagi kalitlari olib qo'yilganligi va bu voqea haqida The Second Mile xayriya tashkilotiga xabar berilganligi haqida xabar berdi. Shuningdek, Sanduskiyga Penn State kampusiga bolalarni olib kirish taqiqlandi.[67] Prokuratura Paternoni biron bir qonunbuzarlikda ayblamagan bo'lsa-da, u o'zining xo'jayiniga McQuearining bayonotlari to'g'risidagi hisobotini aniq ko'rmagani uchun so'roq qilindi.[68] Pensilvaniya Bosh prokurori Linda Kelli Paterno prokuratura bilan hamkorlik qilganligini va 2001 yilgi voqea to'g'risida maktab ma'murlariga xabar berish bo'yicha qonuniy javobgarligini bajarganini aytdi.[69]

O'sha paytda Pensilvaniya shtati qonunchiligiga ko'ra, bolalarga nisbatan zo'ravonlik haqida gumon qilinganligi to'g'risida bilgan har qanday shtat xodimi voqea to'g'risida bevosita rahbariga xabar berishi shart edi.[70] 2001 yildagi voqeada McQueary voqea to'g'risida uning bevosita rahbari bo'lgan Paternoga xabar bergan. O'z navbatida, Paterno voqea to'g'risida xabar bergan uning darhol rahbar, atletik direktori Tim Karli, keyinchalik u biznes va moliya bo'yicha sobiq katta vitse-prezident Gari Shultzga xabar berdi va bu lavozimga Universitet politsiyasi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri xabar berdi. (Shults o'z bo'ysunuvchisi - Universitet politsiyasi direktorini xabardor qilmadi.) Shu sabablarga ko'ra Paterno jinoiy gumon ostida qolmadi.[70][71][72] Pensilvaniya shtati politsiyasi Komissar Frenk Noonan, ammo Paternoni Sanduskiyning jinoyatlarini to'xtatish uchun etarlicha harakat qilmagani uchun tanqid qildi. Noonanning ta'kidlashicha, Paterno qonuniy ravishda talab qilingan narsani qilgan bo'lishi mumkin, ammo voyaga etmaganlarga nisbatan jinsiy zo'ravonlik haqida biladigan har bir kishi politsiyani xabardor qilish uchun "axloqiy talablarga" ega.[66]

8-noyabrga o'tar kechasi yuzlab talabalar Paternoning uyi oldida to'planib qolgan murabbiyni qo'llab-quvvatladilar. Paterno olomonga minnatdorchilik bildirib: "Qurbon bo'lgan bolalar yoki ular nima deyishni xohlasalar, menimcha, hammamiz ular uchun ibodat qilishimiz kerak. Odamlar sizga ba'zi narsalarni qilishganda bu qiyin hayot".[73][74] Paterno olomonni "Jou qolsin" deya xitob qilib uyiga qaytib keta boshlaganida, u "Biz Penn Steyt" hayqiriqlarida olomonni boshqarish uchun burilib,[75] Penn State Vasiylik kengashining ismi oshkor qilinmagan a'zolari befarq deb hisobladilar.[2] Mojaro to'la-to'kis buzilganidan bir necha kun o'tgach, Paternoga bosh murabbiy sifatida qaytishga ruxsat berilmaydi degan taxminlar tarqaldi. 9-noyabr kuni Paterno mavsum oxirida iste'foga chiqishini ma'lum qildi va shunday dedi:

. . . Men ushbu mavsum oxirida iste'foga chiqishni e'lon qilish to'g'risida qaror qildim. Ayni paytda Vasiylik kengashi mening maqomimni muhokama qilish uchun bir daqiqa ham sarflamasligi kerak. Ularni hal qilish uchun juda muhimroq masalalar mavjud. Men buni iloji boricha ularga osonroq qilishni xohlayman.[76][77]

Ammo o'sha kuni kechqurun Vasiylik kengashi Paternoning shartnomasini darhol bekor qilishga ovoz berdi.[2][78] Ular Paternoga mavsumni tugatishga ruxsat berish g'oyasini ko'rib chiqdilar, ammo bu vaziyatdan g'azabning kuchayishi uning murabbiy sifatida samarali ishlashini imkonsiz qilib qo'yishini aytdi.[2][79][80] Paternoning uyi atrofidagi olomon tufayli shaxsan o'zi bilan bog'lana olmaganligi va Paternoning ommaviy axborot vositalari orqali buni bilishini istamaganligi sababli, boshqaruv kengashi unga o'z qarorlari to'g'risida telefon orqali xabar bergan.[81][82] Tom Bredli, Sanduskiyning mudofaa koordinatori vorisi sifatida 2011 yilgi mavsumning qolgan qismida vaqtincha bosh murabbiy etib tayinlandi. Xuddi shu uchrashuvda universitet prezidenti Grem Ispaniya shuningdek, ishdan bo'shatilish o'rniga, iste'foga chiqdi.[83][84][85][86] O'sha kuni tunda Penn shtatining bir necha ming talabasi Paternoning ismini aytgan holda ko'chalarda tartibsizliklar uyushtirishdi, toshlarni uloqtirishdi, ko'cha belgilarini yiqitish va mikroavtobusni ag'darish.[87]

Paterno tarafdorlari va oila a'zolari uning o'limidan keyingi bir necha oy ichida kengashning harakatlarini qattiq tanqid qilishda davom etishdi va 2012 yil mart oyida kengash o'z qarorlarini tushuntirib beradigan qo'shimcha bayonot chiqarishga majbur qilishdi. Unda kengash Paternoni "uning eng kam qonuniy burchini bajarish va ta'qib qilish uchun ko'proq harakat qilmaslik to'g'risidagi qarori etakchining muvaffaqiyatsizligini anglatadi" deb topgandan so'ng uni olib tashlashni tanlaganligini aytdi.[81][82] Kengash avvalroq uning otib tashlanishining uchta asosiy sababi borligini aytgan edi: uning Jerri Sanduskiy tomonidan qilingan jinsiy tajovuz haqida aytganda ko'proq ish qilmasligi; Vasiylik kengashi Sanduskiy hibsga olinganidan keyingi kunlarda uning kengash vakolatiga oid so'roq qilishini ko'rib chiqqani; va dastur atrofidagi doimiy savollar oldida murabbiylik faoliyatini samarali davom ettirishga qodir emasligi uchun qanday kengash qaror qildi.[2] Biroq, 2014 yil oxiri va 2015 yil boshlarida sud depozitlar ishonchli shaxslar tomonidan Kennet Frazier va Kit Masser "etakchining muvaffaqiyatsizligi" haqidagi hikoyaga zid keldi. Masser shunday dedi: "Murabbiy Paternoni lavozimidan bo'shatish haqidagi qaror u bilgan, qilmagan ishi bilan hech qanday aloqasi yo'q edi. Bu uni chetda qoldirish universitetga va hozirgi futbol jamoasiga zarar etkazishi mumkin edi. Bu murabbiy Paterno qilgan yoki qilmagan ish bilan hech qanday aloqasi yo'q edi. "[88][89]

Vafotidan keyingi topilmalar

Avvalgi Federal qidiruv byurosi direktor Louis Freeh va uning firmasi, shu jumladan sobiq federal prokurorlar va Federal qidiruv byurosi agentlari guruhi, janjal yuzasidan mustaqil tergov o'tkazish uchun Penn shtati Vasiylik kengashi tomonidan yollangan.[90] Yozuvchi Maykl Sokolove fikriga ko'ra, Freexga berilgan topshiriq Sanduskiyning jinoyatlari uning o'zi emasligini va undan shubhalanishga asoslari bo'lgan odamlar chetga qarab qarashlarini taxmin qilgandek tuyuladi.[91] 400 dan ortiq odam bilan suhbatlashgandan va 3,5 milliondan ortiq hujjatlarni ko'rib chiqqandan so'ng,[shubhali – muhokama qilish] tergov guruhi Paterno, Ispaniya, Kerli va Shultz Penn shtatining taniqli futbol dasturi atrofidagi jamoatchilikni himoya qilish uchun Sanduskiyning xatti-harakatlarini yashirganliklari haqida xabar berishdi.[6][7][92] Freeh kompaniyasining tergovi shuni ko'rsatdiki, to'rt kishi o'z xatti-harakatlari bilan "o'n yil davomida bolalarga zarar etkazadigan jinsiy yirtqichlardan himoya qila olmadilar". Hisobotda Paterno, Shults, Ispaniya va Kerli bilan birgalikda "Sanduskiyning faoliyatini Vasiylik kengashi, universitet jamoatchiligi va hokimiyatdan yashirgan" degan xulosaga kelishdi.[93]

Freehning tergovchilari tomonidan ochilgan elektron pochtada Curley va Shultz o'rtasida Sanduskiy va boshqa bola o'rtasida 1998 yilda sodir bo'lgan avvalgi voqea yuzasidan elektron pochta zanjiri mavjud bo'lib, u tuman prokurori shtat kolleji politsiyasi tomonidan o'tkazilgan tergov va jamoat ta'minoti departamenti tomonidan o'tkazilgan tekshiruvdan so'ng sudga berishni rad etgan. 1998 yil 13-may kuni "Jerri" deb yozilgan elektron pochta xabarida Kerli Shultsdan "Bu bo'limda yangi narsa bormi? Murabbiy uning qaerdaligini bilishni istaydi" deb so'radi. Kerli o'n to'qqiz yildan ko'proq vaqt o'tgach, 2017 yilda Ispaniyaga qarshi jinoiy sud jarayonida guvohlik berdiki, uning qaerdaligini bilmoqchi bo'lgan "murabbiy" Paterno edi.[94][95][96] 2011 yilda katta hakamlar hay'ati oldida Paterno 2001 yilgacha Sanduskiy tomonidan mumkin bo'lgan bolalarga nisbatan zo'ravonlik haqida bilmaganligini aytdi.[97] Paternodan 2001 yilda Mayk MakKuiri unga xabar bergan voqeadan tashqari, Sanduskiyning yosh o'g'il bolalar bilan boshqa noo'rin jinsiy xatti-harakatlarini biladimi yoki yo'qmi, deb so'rashganda, Paterno guvohlik berdi: "Men Jerri bilan aloqador boshqa hech narsa haqida bilmayman. bu tabiat, yo'q. Men buni bilmayman. Siz aytib o'tgan edingiz - siz mish-mish haqida biron bir narsa aytgansiz deb o'ylayman, ehtimol bu mening huzurimda, kimdir haqida boshqa narsa haqida muhokama qilingan bo'lishi mumkin. Bilmadim. Va men mish-mish eshitganimni chin dildan ayta olmadim. "[98]

Frizning jamoasi bundan tashqari 2001 yilda McQueary Penn State shtatidagi dushlarda bir bola bilan Sanduskiyning guvohi bo'lgan voqea haqida 2001 yilda Curlidan elektron pochta xabarini topdi. 25-fevral kuni Kerli, Shultz va Ispaniya Kerlidan McQueary ma'lumotlarini davlatning ijtimoiy ta'minot departamentiga xabar berishga qaror qilishdi. 26-fevral kuni Kerli Paterno bilan suhbatlashdi. (Curley 2017 yilda guvohlik bergan: "Men aniq suhbatni yoki uning [Paterno] ning reaktsiyasi qanday bo'lganini eslamayman.") 27 fevral kuni Karli Spanier va Shulttsga elektron pochta orqali "hamma bilan borishda muammoga duch kelayotganini, ammo aloqador bo'lgan odamni" ". (2017 yilda u bu uning fikri ekanligiga guvohlik berdi. "Men birinchi qadam Jerri Sanduski bilan uchrashuv bo'lishini xohlar edim.") Keyin Kerli, Shults va Ispaniya bu voqeani Sanduskiy bo'lsa ham Ijtimoiy ta'minot bo'limiga, ham ikkinchi milga xabar berishga rozi bo'lishdi. hamkorlik qilmagan va professional yordam olmagan (ya'ni, voqea to'g'risida universitet tashqarisidagi rasmiylarga xabar bermaslik o'rniga, jamoat ta'minoti bo'limiga hisobot berish hali ham rejaning bir qismi bo'lgan).[93]:Exh 2F O'zining press-relizida, Frih aksincha, "2001 yil 25 fevralda Spanier, Curley va Schulz tomonidan sodir bo'lgan voqeani jamoat ta'minoti bo'limiga etkazish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilish o'rtasidagi yagona ma'lum bo'lgan aralashuvchi omil, keyin esa [as] da'vo qilingan Freeh] 27 fevralda bunday qilmaslikka rozi bo'lgan, janob Paternoning 26 fevraldagi janob Kerli bilan suhbati edi. " Frifning 27 fevraldagi elektron pochtani noto'g'ri tavsiflashi, matbuot tomonidan Paterno Kerlini (va Shults va Ispaniyani) voqeani universitet tashqarisidagi rasmiylarga xabar bermaslikka ishontirgan degan ma'noga ega edi.[8][9][10]

Bundan tashqari, Freeh hisobotida aytilishicha, 1999 yilda Sanduskiy nafaqaga chiqqanidan keyin ham Paterno, Shultz, Ispaniya va Kerli "Sanduskiyga universitetning binosiga doimiy, cheklovsiz va nazoratsiz kirish huquqini berib, potentsial qurbonlarni kampus va futbol tadbirlariga jalb qilish huquqini bergan". qulayliklar va Universitetning taniqli futbol dasturiga qo'shilish. "[93]:14–15 Sanduskiyning kirish huquqi Universitet va Sanduskiy o'rtasidagi pensiya shartnomasining bir qismi edi: "Universitet sizga East Area echinish xonasi majmuasidagi echinish xonasi, og'irlik xonalari, fitnes jihozlari va o'quv xonasidan bepul foydalanishga ruxsat beradi. Ushbu imtiyoz davom etadi sizning umringizning qoldig'i uchun "va" 1999 yil 1 iyuldan boshlab o'n yil davomida va har ikki tomonning kelishuviga binoan uzaytirilishi sharti bilan sizga East Area Locker xona majmuasida ofis va telefon beriladi ... " Shartnomani 1999 yil 29 iyunda Sandli bilan birga Curley va Shultz imzoladilar.[93]:Exh 3H

Freeh hisoboti chiqarilgandan so'ng, Nike, Inc. kompaniyasining shtab-kvartirasida joylashgan bolalarga xizmat ko'rsatuvchi muassasa Jou Paterno nomidagi bolalarni rivojlantirish markazidan Paterno ismini olib tashladi Beaverton, Oregon.[99][100] Braun universiteti, Paternoning alma mater, Paternoning ismini har yili o'tkaziladigan birinchi mukofotga sazovor bo'lgan erkaklar mukofotidan olib tashlashini va Braun Atletik Shon-sharaf zalidagi maqomini qayta ko'rib chiqilishini ma'lum qildi.[101]

Jou Paterno haykali oldin Penn State shtatining old qismidan olib tashlangan Qunduz stadioni. Haykal 2012 yil 22 iyulda, Paterno vafotidan olti oy o'tgach olib tashlandi va stadion ichidagi xavfsiz omborga joylashtirildi.

2012 yil 14 iyulda, The New York Times 2011 yil yanvar oyida Paterno janjal haqida jamoatchilikka ma'lum bo'lishidan oldin, shartnomasini muddatidan oldin qo'shimcha ravishda 3 million dollar miqdoridagi pensiyani to'lash bilan muddatidan oldin tugatish uchun "kutilmagan" muzokaralarni boshlaganini xabar qildi. Garchi uning shartnomasi 2011 yil oxirigacha muzokaralar olib borishga tayyor bo'lmasa-da, Paterno 2011 yil yanvarida o'z shartnomasini o'zgartirish to'g'risida boshliqlari bilan muzokaralarni boshladi, xuddi shu oyda u politsiya tergovi to'g'risida xabardor qilingan edi. 2011 yil avgustga qadar Paterno va uning advokatlari PSU kengashi bilan umumiy qiymati 5,5 million AQSh dollarini, shu jumladan 3 million dollarlik naqd pulni to'lash, universitet tomonidan berilgan 350 ming dollarlik foizsiz ssudani kechirish va xususiy xizmatdan foydalanish to'g'risida kelishuvga erishdilar. Beaver stadionidagi quti va 25 yil davomida shaxsiy samolyot, agar u 2011 yilgi mavsum uning so'nggi mavsumi bo'lishiga rozi bo'lsa. Oxir oqibat, kengash Paternoning 2011 yilgi mavsum oxirida iste'foga chiqish taklifini rad etdi, ammo nafrat xatlari va Paternoning oilasi tomonidan tuhmat to'g'risidagi da'vo bilan duch kelib, Paterno va uning oilasiga qo'shimcha imtiyozlarni o'z ichiga olgan 5,5 million dollarlik paketni berishga rozi bo'ldi. oila uchun, shu jumladan uning bevasi tomonidan atletika bo'limining gidroterapiya muassasalaridan foydalanish. Oilaning advokati pensiya paketi Penn State tomonidan taklif qilinganligini da'vo qildi.[102]

Freeh hisoboti chiqarilgandan so'ng, tanqidchilar hisobotni olib tashlashni talab qilishdi Jou Paterno haykali tashqarida Qunduz stadioni. Kichik samolyot bannerni tortib oldi talabalar shaharchasida, o'qish Haykalni pastga tushiring yoki yo'q qilamiz.[103] Bir necha kunlik aralash xabarlardan so'ng,[104][105][106] maktab haykalni 22-iyul, yakshanba kuni tomoshabinlar olomonining oldida olib tashladi.[107] Xabarlarga ko'ra, haykal omborxonaga qo'yilgan.[108] Ispaniya prezidentining vorisi, Rodni Erikson, haykal "bo'linish manbai va davolanishga to'sqinlik qiladigan omilga aylandi", deb aytdi, ammo u va uning orasidagi farqni ajratdi Paterno kutubxonasi, shuningdek, talabalar shaharchasida.[109]

23 iyulda, Freeh hisoboti chiqarilgandan ikki hafta o'tgach, NCAA Penn shtatini kollegial atletika tarixidagi eng og'ir sanktsiyalar bilan jazoladi.[110] Penn State 60 million dollar miqdorida jarimaga tortildi, 2013 yildan 2017 yilgacha bo'lgan 40 ta stipendiyadan mahrum qilindi, 2016 yilgacha mavsumdan keyingi o'yinlarda ishtirok etishni taqiqladi va 1998 yildan beri o'tkazilgan barcha 112 g'alabasini bo'shatdi. Bunga Paternoning Penn shtatidagi so'nggi 111 g'alabasi olib tashlandi. u hamma vaqt g'oliblar ro'yxatida birinchi o'rindan 12-o'ringa qadar. (2015 yil boshida g'alaba tiklandi.)[111] NCAA "Penn State rahbariyati NCAA Konstitutsiyasini va I divizion qoidalarini buzgan holda institutsional yaxlitlikni qadrlay olmadi va" "NCAA" sport - bu rahbarlikdagi muvaffaqiyatsizlikka olib kelgan madaniyatni qayta tiklash niyatida "ekanligini xabar qildi.[112] NCAA hisobotida Paterno, Sanduskiyning jinoyatlarini yashirishda ishtirok etgani uchun qattiq tanqid qilinib, Paterno, Ispaniya, Shults va Kerli "institutsional va individual yaxlitlik qobiliyatini yo'qotganligi" ko'rsatildi. Garchi bu harakat odatdagi qoidabuzarliklarni tekshirish bo'yicha odatiy jarayondan tashqarida bo'lsa-da, NCAA ushbu harakat loyiq deb topilganligi sababli, go'yoki maxfiylik kollejlararo yengil atletikaning o'ziga xos siyosatlardan ustun bo'lgan asosiy tamoyillarini buzganligi sababli.[113][114][115]

2013 yil sentyabr oyida CBS shou dasturiga bergan intervyusida 60 daqiqa, Sanduskiy prokurori Frank Finadan, Jou Paternoning aybni yashirishda ishtirok etganiga ishonasizmi, deb so'rashdi. Fina "Men buni qilmayapman. Va men buni hech kimga sodiqlik emas, balki dalillarga qarab turibman. Men bu dalillarni topmadim" dedi.[54]

Freeh hisobotiga javob

2012 yil 13 sentyabrda "Penn Staters for Responsible Stewardship" deb nomlangan bir guruh bitiruvchilar va tarafdorlar "Freeh" guruhining tekshiruvi va xulosalarini tanqid qiluvchi "Freeh Report" sharhini e'lon qildilar.[116] 2013 yil fevral oyida Paternoning oilasi tomonidan yozilgan hisobotni e'lon qildi Dik Tornburg, AQShning sobiq bosh prokurori va Pensilvaniya gubernatori, Freehning tergov usullari va Paterno obrazini o'z xulosalarida bahslashtirib, Freeh hisobotini "adolatsizlikka shoshilish" deb atadi.[117] Thornburg, Freeh hisobotida "tergov jarayoni va janob Paterno bilan bog'liq topilmalar bilan bog'liq ravishda jiddiy nuqsonlar bo'lgan" degan xulosaga keldi.[118] Bunga javoban Freeh Paterno oilasining hisobotini "o'z-o'ziga xizmat qilish" deb atadi va bu uning dastlabki tergovidagi faktlar va xulosalarni o'zgartirmasligini aytdi.[119]

NBC sport ustasi Bob Kostas "Frih nima qilgani nafaqat faktlarni to'plash edi, balki u hech bo'lmaganda bu faktlar bilan tortishadigan xulosaga keldi va keyin nafaqat Kerli va Shultz va Ispaniyaga motivatsiya tayinladi, lekin u Jouga juda qorong'i motivatsiya berdi. Paterno, bu juda pog'ona bo'lishi mumkin. ... Aqlli odam bu erda shubha bor va hikoyaning boshqa tomoni tinglashga loyiq degan xulosaga keladi. "[120] Xuddi shunday Todd Blackledge "ESPN kolleji futboli bo'yicha tahlilchi va Penn State shtatining sobiq yarim himoyachisi, ommaviy axborot vositalarida yoritilishicha," OAV ushbu nuqtalarni bir-biriga bog'lab qo'yish erkinligini his qilgandek tuyuldi, agar ular faktlar bo'lsa ham. Ular qanday ma'lumotlarga asoslanib, ular nuqtalarni ulang va bir voqeani aytib bering. Va bu juda katta tezlikka ega edi. Jerriga qarshi ayblovlar jiddiy va dahshatli bo'lganligi sababli, bu rivoyat deyarli qarshiliksiz o'tdi. "[121]

2014-yilda NCAA ichki elektron pochta xabarlarida NCAA Sandusky janjalini tekshirishda Louis Freeh bilan yaqin hamkorlik qilganligi aniqlandi.[122] Bundan tashqari, elektron pochta xabarlarida NCAA-da ko'pchilik Penn Statega nisbatan sanktsiya berish vakolatiga egami yoki yo'qmi degan savol tug'dirganligi va ba'zi rasmiylar Penn State rahbariyatini og'ir jazoni qabul qilishni "blf" qilmoqchi bo'lganligi aniqlandi, chunki ular jazolash vakolatiga ega emasligiga ishonishdi. Penn shtati.[123] Freeh hisoboti chiqarilgan kuni, Oregon shtati prezidenti Ed Rey, NCAA Ijroiya qo'mitasi raisi, NCAA prezidentiga elektron pochta xabarini yubordi Mark Emmert, uning o'rinbosari va NCAA-ning sobiq ijro etuvchi rahbari Penn-Steytga nisbatan sanktsiya berish usulini taklif qilishdi.[124][125]

Fridx o'zining tergovi mutlaqo mustaqil ekanligini va "yuz bermaslik" ni o'z ichiga oladi, deb ochiqchasiga aytgan. Buni Pensilvaniya shtati senatori tanqid qildi Jeyk Korman "Frih va NCAA o'rtasida juda katta miqdordagi aloqa borligi shunchaki ma'lumot berishdan nariga o'tib ketgan. Men buni koordinatsiya deb atagan bo'lardim ... Shubhasiz, Frih o'z vakolatidan o'tib ketdi. U ijro etuvchi shaxs edi. NCAA. Ko'rinishi mana shunday. Men unga qanday boshqa yo'l bilan qarashni bilmayman. Bu deyarli NCAA uni Penn State shtatida o'zlarining tergov ishlarini olib borish uchun yollaganiga o'xshaydi. Hech bo'lmaganda bu noo'rin. maksimal, bu oldindan belgilangan natijani olish uchun birgalikda harakat qilgan ikki partiya edi. "[126] NCAA akademik va a'zolik masalalari bo'yicha vitse-prezident Kevin Lennon 14-iyuldagi boshqa elektron pochta xabarida NCAA Penn shtatining muvaqqat prezidenti oldida "maktab juda xijolat bo'lganligi sababli bank ishi olib borishini" yozgan. Rodni Erikson rozilik to'g'risidagi farmonni imzoladi.[14] Senator Korman va davlat xazinachisi Rob Makkord Freeh hisobotini NCAAga qarshi da'vo asoslari sifatida ishlatgan.[127]

2013 yil 30-mayda Paterno oilasi va Penn State jamoat a'zolari (garchi universitetning o'zi ham emas) Tsentr okrugida sudga murojaat qilishdi. Umumiy Pleas sudi maktabga qarshi sanktsiyalarni bekor qilish maqsadida. Da'vo arizasida NCAA va boshqa ayblanuvchilar o'zlarining shartnoma majburiyatlarini buzganliklari, vijdonan va halol muomala majburiyatlarini buzganliklari, shartnomaviy munosabatlarga qasddan aralashganliklari va da'vo arizasi bilan murojaat qilgan shaxslarni tuhmat qilganliklari va / yoki tijorat nuqtai nazaridan obro'sizlantirganliklari ta'kidlandi.[128]

Hisobot chiqarilgandan bir yil o'tgach, dastlab hisobotni topshirgan Penn shtati Vasiylik kengashi raisi, Freehning xulosalari "spekülasyon" ga teng ekanligini aytdi.[129] 2015 yil yanvar oyida Associated Pressga bergan intervyusida Penn shtati prezidenti Erik Barron "Men aytishim kerak, men bu hisobotning muxlisi emasman. Mening xayolimda shubha yo'q, Frih xuddi o'zini prokuror harakat qilgandek boshqargan" sudni ishni ko'rib chiqishga ishontirish. "[130]

Pensilvaniya shtati senatori Jeyk Korman va davlat xazinachisi Rob Makkord 2013 yil yanvar oyida NCAAga qarshi da'vo arizasi bilan, 60 million dollarlik jarima shtat chegaralaridan tashqaridagi dasturlarga tarqalishiga ruxsat berish o'rniga, Pensilvaniya shtatidagi bolalarga nisbatan jinsiy zo'ravonlik qurbonlariga yordam berish uchun saqlanishi kerak. 2015 yil 16 yanvarda NCAA kelishuvga erishdi va Penn State shtatiga qo'yilgan sinov muddatini olib tashladi va Paternoning 1998 va 2011 yillar orasidagi 111 g'alabasini tikladi. Korman: "Bugun bu holatda taqdim etilmagan sud jarayoni uchun g'alaba. Bugun Pensilvaniya aholisining g'alabasi, bugun Penn State shtatining g'alabasi. "[131]

Kollej futboli masalalariga qarashlar

Paterno 2003 yilda

Paterno kollej futboli pley-off tizimining uzoq vaqt davomida himoyachisi bo'lgan. Bu savol unga yillar davomida tez-tez berib turildi, chunki uning mag'lubiyatsiz beshta jamoasidan faqat bittasi mamlakat chempioni deb saylandi.[132][133][134] Paternoning o'yindan chiqqanidan uch yil o'tgach, kollej futbolining pley-off tizimi haqiqatga aylanadi.

Paterno, stipendiya kolleji sportchilari ozgina mablag 'sarflashlari uchun kam miqdordagi stipendiya olishlari kerak deb hisobladilar. Bunga asos sifatida Paterno ko'plab stipendiya sportchilari kambag'al oilalardan chiqqanligini va boshqa talabalar yarim kunlik ish bilan shug'ullanishga vaqtlari borligini ta'kidladilar, ammo mashg'ulotlar va ob-havoning jadvali kollej sportchilarining o'quv yilida ishlashiga to'sqinlik qildi.[135]

Paterno dastlab o'ynashni afzal ko'rdi haqiqiy birinchi kurs talabalari, ammo keyinchalik u karerasida raqobatbardosh ahvolga tushib qolmaslik uchun qizil futbolka o'ynagan. Penn shtatidagi ba'zi bir yollovchilar, boshqa ko'plab maktablarda yollanganlar singari, bahorgi semestrda kollejga o'qishga kirishlari va bahorgi amaliyotda qatnashishlari uchun endi o'rta maktabni bir semestrda erta tugatadilar. 2005 yilgi yollash sinfidan bir nechta jamoa a'zolari, shu jumladan Justin King, Entoni Sirkrotto va Derrik Uilyams, 2005-2006 yilgi mavsumda haqiqiy birinchi kurs talabasi sifatida ancha vaqt o'ynadi.[136]

2010 yilda Paterno va avvalgi Chikagodagi ayiqlar bosh murabbiy Mayk Ditka yuz maskalari olib tashlansa, NFL va kollej futbolidagi sarsıntılar va boshqa jarohatlar kamayishi mumkin degan fikrni bildirdi.[137]

Penn State shtatining futbolchilari Paterno boshchiligida Nyu-Amerika jamg'armasining akademik boul chempionati seriyasida ikki marotaba eng yaxshi akademik ko'rsatkichlari uchun tan olingan.[138] The team was ranked number one out of the top 25 ranked BCS teams in 2009 and 2011. The criteria in the rankings include the graduation rate of the team as compared to the rest of university, the difference between the graduation rate of African-American players and the rest of the squad as well as the same statistics for the rest of the students at Penn State, and the graduation rate differences between the African American players and students.[138]

Officiating and instant replay

In 2002, 76-year-old Paterno chased down referee Dik Xonig in a dead sprint following a 42–35 overtime home loss to Iowa. Paterno saw Toni Jonson catch a pass for a first down with both feet in bounds on the stadium's video replay board, but the play was ruled an incompletion. This being after Penn State had rallied from a 35–13 deficit with 9 minutes left in the game to tie the score at 35, and were driving on their first possession in overtime (a touchdown would have tied the game at 42). Penn State failed on fourth down and Iowa held on for the win.[139]

Just weeks later, in the final minute of the Michigan game, the same wide receiver, Johnson, made a catch that would have given Penn State a first down and put them in range for a game-winning field goal. Although Johnson was ruled out of bounds, replays clearly showed that Johnson had both feet in bounds and the catch should have been ruled complete.[140]

2004 yilda, Big Ten konferentsiyasi became the first college football conference to adopt a form of tezkor takrorlash. The previous two incidents, along with Paterno's public objections, and the Big Ten's Clockgate controversy, are often cited as catalysts for its adoption.[141] Within the next year, almost all of the Division I-A conferences adopted a form of instant replay based on the Big Ten model.[142]

Futboldan tashqarida

Xayriya va ta'lim

The East wing of the Patte kutubxonasi (center) is connected to the Paterno Library (to right, not seen) at Penn State University.

After the announcement of his appointment as head coach in 1966, Paterno set out to conduct what he called a "Grand Experiment" in melding athletics and academics in the collegiate environment, an idea that he had learned during his years at Brown.[143] As a result, Penn State's players have consistently demonstrated above-average academic success compared to I bo'lim -A schools nationwide. Ga ko'ra NCAA 's 2008 Graduation Rates Report, Penn State's four-year Graduation Success Rate of 78% easily exceeds the 67% I bo'lim average, second to only Shimoli-g'arbiy orasida Katta o'nlik muassasalar.[144] In 2011, Penn State football players had an 80% graduation rate and showed no achievement gap between its black and white players, which is extremely rare for Division I football teams.[145] The New American Foundation ranked Penn State No. 1 in its 2011 Academic Bowl Championship Series.[146]

Paterno was also renowned for his charitable contributions to academics at Penn State. He and his wife Sue have contributed over $4 million towards various departments and colleges, including support for the Penn State All-Sports Museum, which opened in 2002, and the Pasquerilla Spiritual Center, which opened in 2003.[147] After helping raise over $13.5 million in funds for the 1997 expansion of Patte kutubxonasi, the university named the expansion Paterno kutubxonasi ularning sharafiga.[148]

In 2007, former player Franko Xarris and his company R Super Foods honored Paterno for his contributions to Penn State by featuring his story and picture on boxes of Super Donuts and Super Buns in Central PA. A portion of the sales will be donated to an endowment fund for the university library that bears his name.[149]

Paterno also attended the annual Penn State Dance Marathon, a popular weekend-long charity event and the largest student-run philanthropy in the world (it raised over $10 million in 2012), every year to raise money for kids with cancer.

Political interests

Paterno shakes hands with FIU Murabbiy Mario Kristobal 2007 yil sentyabr oyida.

Paterno was a political konservativ and a personal friend of President Jorj H. V. Bush.[143] He campaigned for Bush door-to-door in the 1988 Nyu-Xempshirda boshlang'ich saylov, and seconded his nomination at the Respublika milliy anjumani.[150] Paterno was also a close friend of President Jerald R. Ford,[151] and introduced President Jorj V.Bush at a campaign rally before the 2004 yilgi prezident saylovi.[152] Oldin 1974 yil Pensilvaniya gubernatorlik saylovi, a group of Pennsylvania Republican Party leaders briefly considered Paterno for Endryu Lyuis ' ticket as the candidate for leytenant gubernator.[153]

In 2004, his son Scott Paterno, an attorney, won the Republican primary for Pensilvaniyaning 17-kongress okrugi but lost in the November general election to Democratic incumbent Tim Xolden.[154] "I brought my kids up to think for themselves since day one," Joe Paterno said in 2008. "I got a son who's a Republican, who ran for Congress, Scott. I'm a Republican. I've got a son, Jey, who's for Obama. I've got a daughter, who I'm pretty sure she's going to be for Hillary [Clinton]. So God bless America."[155]

Shaxsiy hayot

While serving as an assistant coach, Paterno met freshman coed Suzanne Pohland at the campus library;[156] u edi Latrobe native 13 years his junior and an English literature honors student. They married in 1962, the year she graduated. They had five children: Diana, Joseph Jr. "Jay", Mary Kay, David, and Scott. All of their children are Penn State graduates, and Jay Paterno was the quarterbacks coach at Penn State until his departure following the hiring of new head coach Bill O'Brayen on January 7, 2012. The Paternos had 17 grandchildren.

Paterno was a longtime summer resident of Avalon, Nyu-Jersi.[157]

Paterno and his wife co-authored the children's book We Are Penn State!,[158] which takes place during a typical Penn State homecoming weekend.

Deteriorating health and death

Thousands of Penn State students and faculty attend a candlelight vigil for Paterno at Old Main on his day of death, January 22, 2012.

In November 2006, Paterno was involved in a sideline collision during a game against Viskonsin. He was unable to avoid the play and was struck in the knee by Badgers linebacker DeAndre Levi dubulg'a. Paterno, then 79 years old, suffered a fractured shin bone and damage to knee ligaments.[159] U murabbiy 2007 yil Outback Bowl dan matbuot qutisi before making a full recovery.[160][161]

In November 2008, Paterno had successful kestirib almashtirish operatsiyasi after spraining his leg while trying to demonstrate onside kicks during a practice session.[162] While recovering, he coached the remainder of the season and the 2009 yil Rose Bowl matbuot oynasidan.[163] After sustaining these injuries, he made use of a golf cart to move around the field during practices.

Paterno was injured again in August 2011, after colliding with a player during practice. He sustained hairline fractures to his hip and shoulder. No surgery was required, but Paterno began the 2011 regular season schedule in a wheelchair.

In November 2011, Scott Paterno reported that his father had a treatable form of o'pka saratoni.[164] On January 13, 2012, Paterno was hospitalized in State College for complications relating to his cancer treatment, and he remained there until his death nine days later on January 22, 2012.[165][166] His death resulted in tributes from prominent leaders in the U.S., including former President Jorj H. V. Bush, who called Paterno "an outstanding American who was respected not only on the field of play but in life generally—and he was, without a doubt, a true icon in the world of sports."[167] Pensilvaniya gubernatori Tom Korbet said of Paterno, "His legacy as the winningest coach in major college football and his generosity to Penn State as an institution and to his players, stand as monuments to his life. ... His place in our state's history is secure."[167] On January 23, Corbett ordered all state flags to be lowered to half staff in Paterno's honor.[168] At the time of his death, Penn State was still finalizing Paterno's retirement package.[79]

Paterno's funeral was held in State College on January 25, 2012.[169] About 750 mourners attended the private ceremony, after which thousands of mourners lined the route of the funeral procession.[170] Paterno was buried in Spring Creek Presbyterian Cemetery just outside the town.[171] Approximately 12,000 people attended a public memorial service that was held at the Bryce Jordan Center 2012 yil 26 yanvarda.[172][173]

Bosh murabbiyning qaydnomasi

At the time of his death, Paterno had accumulated a record of 409 wins, 136 losses, and 3 ties. However, on July 23, 2012, the NCAA officially vacated 111 of Paterno's wins based on the findings of the Freeh report regarding his involvement in the Penn State shtatida jinsiy zo'ravonlik. All wins dating back to 1998 were vacated, the year Paterno was first informed of Sandusky's suspected child abuse.[174][175] Based on the criteria used by the NCAA, Paterno no longer held the record for most victories by an NCAA Division I football coach. Avvalgi Florida shtati murabbiy Bobbi Bowden held the NCAA major college record for wins at 377, while for NCAA Division I schools, Grambling davlat universiteti murabbiy Eddi Robinson 's 408 victories stood as the official record.[176] The 111 wins were restored on January 16, 2015, as a part of a settlement between the NCAA and Penn State, once again making him the most victorious coach in FBS NCAA football history.[177][178]

YilJamoaUmuman olgandaKonferensiyaTik turibKubok / pley-off bosqichiMurabbiylar#AP°
Penn State Nittany sherlari (NCAA University Division / Division I / Division I-A independent ) (1966–1992)
1966Penn shtati5–5
1967Penn shtati8–2–1T Gator1110
1968Penn shtati11–0V apelsin32
1969Penn shtati11–0V apelsin22
1970Penn shtati7–31918
1971Penn shtati11–1V Paxta115
1972Penn shtati10–2L Shakar810
1973Penn shtati12–0V apelsin55
1974Penn shtati10–2V Paxta77
1975Penn shtati9–3L Shakar1010
1976Penn shtati7–5L Gator
1977Penn shtati11–1V Fiesta45
1978Penn shtati11–1L Shakar44
1979Penn shtati8–4V Ozodlik1820
1980Penn shtati10–2V Fiesta88
1981Penn shtati10–2V Fiesta33
1982Penn shtati11–1V Shakar11
1983Penn shtati8–4–1V Aloha17
1984Penn shtati6–5
1985Penn shtati11–1L apelsin33
1986Penn shtati12–0V Fiesta11
1987Penn shtati8–4L Florida tsitrus
1988Penn shtati5–6
1989Penn shtati8–3–1V Ta'til1415
1990Penn shtati9–3L Blokbaster1011
1991Penn shtati11–2V Fiesta33
1992Penn shtati7–5L Blokbaster†24
Penn State Nittany sherlari (Big Ten konferentsiyasi ) (1993–2011)
1993Penn shtati10–26–23-chiV Florida tsitrus78
1994Penn shtati12–08–01-chiV Gul22
1995Penn shtati9–35–3T - 3V Outback1213
1996Penn shtati11–26–2T - 3V Fiesta†77
1997Penn shtati9–36–2T - 2L Florida tsitrus1716
1998Penn shtati9–35–35-chiV Outback1517
1999Penn shtati10–35–3T - 4V Alamo1111
2000Penn shtati5–74–4T - 6
2001Penn shtati5–64–4T - 4
2002Penn shtati9–45–34-chiL Capital One1516
2003Penn shtati3–91–7T - 8
2004Penn shtati4–72–69-chi
2005Penn shtati11–17–1T - 1V apelsin†33
2006Penn shtati9–45–3T - 4V Outback2524
2007Penn shtati9–44–4T - 5V Alamo25
2008Penn shtati11–27–1T - 1L Gul†88
2009Penn shtati11–26–2T - 2V Capital One89
2010Penn shtati7–64–4T - 4L Outback
2011Penn shtati8–1[n 1]5–0 [n 1](Rahbarlar)[n 1]
Penn shtati:409–136–395–54
Jami:409–136–3
      Milliy chempionat       Konferentsiyaning nomi       Konferentsiya bo'limi unvoni yoki chempionat o'yiniga yo'llanma

Murabbiylik daraxti

Assistant coaches under Paterno that became NFL or NCAA head coaches:

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

  1. ^ a b v Paterno coached the first nine games of the season before he was fired on November 9. Tom Bredli was named interim head coach to replace him. Penn State credits the first nine games to Paterno, and the final four to Bradley.

Adabiyotlar

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